Atlas of Human Anatomy Edited by R. Putz and R. Pabst
In collaboration with Renate Putz
Translation by S. Bedoui
Volu...
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Atlas of Human Anatomy Edited by R. Putz and R. Pabst
In collaboration with Renate Putz
Translation by S. Bedoui
Volume 2 Trunk, Viscera, Lower Limb 14th edition, newly edited 704 colour plates with 914 figures
ELSEVIER UREIi\N.l
Costa -----,=---
�---- Pediculus arcus vertebrae
Fig. 785 J u nctions between the vertebral a rches; ventral view.
�
Back
S u rface
Costovertebral joints
Llg. capitis costae Intraarticulare Foramen intervertebrale Lig costotransversarium superrus
f'"t,.----- Lig costotransversarium laterale
Lig. longitudinale anterius
Articulatio capitis costae Tuberculum costae
Discus intervertebralis
--���s�i;;�;��� Caput costae
C o stovertebral joints, Articulationes costove rte bra les ; ventral view from the left. Fig.786
Ligg. intertransversaria
Proc spinosus Costae
Lamina arcus vertebrae ------.,,�1IIiiI
Lig. costotransversarrum superius -----m
Lig costotransversarium laterale
Lig. intertransversarium
-----�i
-----!�����E�l[
Proc transversus _' .'''.11. i"�"-- • Mm. intertransversarii
mediales lumborum
�����'�f.- Arachnoidea mater spinalis Pia mater spinalis
Lig. intertransversarium
Proc. articularis superior
Cauda equina
• M. intertransversarius
lateralis lumborum
R. anterior
• M. intertransversarius
medialis lumborum
Radix anterior
Radix posterior
Lig. iliolumbale
Dura mater spinalis
as sacrum, Pars lateralis
Arachnoidea mater spinalis
Spatium epldurale; Plexus venosus . vertebralis internus anterior
as coxae. as ilium
as sacrum, Proc. articularis superior Fig. 8 1 8 Vessels and nerves of the lumbar part of the vertebral canal. Reg i a l u m balis.
�
Back
S u rfa ce
Ve ins and nerves
S k e leton
of the lumbar part of the vertebral column Llg longltudinale poster!us Plexus venosus vertebral is externus anterior
(V. basivertebral is) Plexus venosus vertebralis internus anterior
Plexus
venosus vertebralis intern us posterior
Plexus venosus vertebral is extern us posterior
-----''----or-.
Cardia [Pars cardiacaj, Ostium cardiacum
CurvBtura
---"��
"r;.'l:����A£IAIIW--
minor
Corpus gaslrloum
Curvatura Plicae gaslncae
Duodenum, Pars superior, Ampulla
Plicae circulares Duodenum, Pars descendens
Pars pylorica, Canalis pyloricus, Antrum pyloricum Pylorus
Fig. 979 Stomach, Gaster, a n d d u o d e n u m , Duoden u m ; ventral view.
Areae gastricae Foveolae gaslricae
Tunica mucosa Lamina propria mucosae Nodulus Iymphoideus solitarius
Tela submucosa
�,,��:;;;:••!:::�;:;�::::::::=;.,/�
{ Stratum clfClJ r
-
Tunica muscularis
la e
Stratum long,tudlnale
Tela subserosa Tunica
serosa
--����l�;':"�;;'-
Fig. 980 Diagra m of the stomach wall; the layers of the wall have been removed stepwise; m icrosco pic e n la rgement at low magn ification.
major
Liver
P a n cre a s
I S p le e n I
To pog ra p h y
Sections
Vessels of the stomach
A.; V gastrica sinistra, Rr. oesophageales Cardia [Pars car'o la"al ·.... A.; V. gastrica sinistra A, hepatica propria V. portae hepatis Ductus cysticus Ductus hepaticus communis
Omentum minus, Lig. hepatogastricum
Aa. ; Vv. gastricae breves
Lig. hepatoduodenale
A. hepatica communis A.; V. gastroomentalis sinistra
Pylorus
A.; V. gastrica dextra Omentum majus
Flexura duodeni inferior
A;
v. gastroomentalis dextra, Rr. omentales
Fig. 981 B lood vessels of the stomach, Gaster; ventra l view.
Lobus hepatis sinister
Nodi Iympholdei
hepatlci
Gaster
Lobus --1".-- hepatis dexler
7':;'"':"'.,.,.F--
Nodi Iymphoidei pylorici
Nodi Iymphoidei gastroomentales dextri
Fig. 982 Stomach, Gaster, a n d liver, H e par, with lym p h nodes, Nodi lym phoidei; ventral view.
Nodi Iymphoidei gastrici dextri
.... I
.. Abd o m i na l vi scera
Stomach
I
S m a l l i ntest i n e
I
Large i ntesti n e
Stomach, radiography
Oesophagus with contrast medium. At the transition (1 a) into the fundus of stomach, the grooves between the folds appear as dark striations 2 Fundus of stomach with air bubble 3 Body of stomach 3a Lesser curvature 3b Greater curvature. In the linings of the latter, notches corresponding to the contour of the mucous are visible. 4 Peristaltic constriction at the angular notch 5 Pyloric part prior to the progression of a portion of the stomach's content 6 Ampulla of duodenum 7 Descending part of the duodenum with circular folds 8 Jejunum 9 Left "dome" of diaphragm to Left colic flexure (filled with air) =
=
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Fig. 983 Stomach, Gaster, a n d duodenum, Duode n u m ; AP-radiogra p h after oral a d m i n istration of a contrast medium; u p ri g h t position ; ventral view.
Sternum, Proc. xiphoideus
Gaster, Cardia [Pars cardiaca]
Costa X
Gaster, Cardia [Pars cardiaca]
----"f'1fIQ
Costa X
---:;po,,2!Y
Gaster, Pars pylorica
Gaster, Pars pylorica Spina iliaca anterior superior
Fig. 984 Stomach, Gaster; projection of a " normal" stomach onto t h e a nterior abdominal wall; u pright positi o n .
Spina iliaca anterior superior
Fig. 985 Stomach, Gaster; p rojection of a "lo n g " stomach onto the a nterior abdominal wall; upright position.
I
Liver
Pa n c re a s
I
S p le e n
I
To p o g ra p h y
Sections
Gastroscopy
11 -1----- Oesophagus
Antrum pyloricum
Duodenum
Fig. 986 Tech nical procedure of oesophagoscopy and gastroscopy. " Gastroscope "" The gastroscope's tip located in the body of stomach icompare Fig, 987 a i """The gastroscope's tip located in t h e pylo ric antrum icompare F i g , 987 bi
�
Gaster, Paries anterior
-_--I-- Gaster.
_ _ __ _ _ _
Paries anterior
Plicae gastricae
--�- Pylorus
----- Gaster, Pars pylorica, Antrum pyloricum
��====d-- Gaster,
Gaster, Paries posterior
Paries posterior
a
Fig. 987 a, b Stomach. Gaster; endoscopic i mage of the stomach [gastroscopy) ; s u pe rior View,
b
a View of t h e body of stomach. Corpus gastricum. with d isti nct longitudinal folds of the m ucosa [ Plica gastricael b View of the pyloric antrum. Antrum pyloricum, pred o m i n a ntly covered with s mooth m ucosa
1�3.,"
�
Abd o m i n a L viscera
��
I Sto m a c h I Small i ntestine I La rg e i n test i n e I
Duodenum
-+'+---- Gaster. Pars pylorica
Duodenum. Pars superior
11,.-&--- Jejunum Duodenum. Pars descendens
Duodenum. Pars hOrizontalis
Fig. 988
Duod e n u m . D uoden u m .
Duodenum, Pars superior
�=;�=-+--
Duodenum, Pars descendens Pancreas, Caput Duodenum, Pars horizontal is
Pancreas. Cauda
Pancreas, Corpus
Flexurtl duodenojejunalls Duodenum. Pars asce nd ens
Fig. 989 Duodenum, Duode n u m , and pancreas, Pa n c reas; projected onto the a nterior abdominal wall.
L ive r
Pa n c re a s
I
S p Le e n
I
To p o g ra p h y
Sections
Duodenum
Duodenum, Pars superior, Ampulla [Bulbus]
,..�:--- Pylorus, Ostium pyloricum Canalis pyloric us Antrum pyloricum
Plicae circulares
)
Pars pylorica
IQ---- M. suspensorius duodeni
•
Duodenum, Pars descend ens
a..---
Ampulla hepatopancreatica
Flexura duodenojejunalis
Papilla duodeni major • •
�.....,""'-- Jejunum Tunica muscularis
Duodenum. Pars horizontal is
Fig. 990 Duodenum, Duod e n u m ; ventraL view. * **
Clinical term: m u scle of TREITZ Clinical term: papilla of VATER
Flexura duodenojejunalis Gaster. Curvatura minor
Phcae clrculares
DlJodenum. Pars horlzonlalls Fig. 991 Duodenu m , Duode n u m ; AP-ra d i o g ra p h after oraL a d m i n istration of a contrast m ed i u m ; upright position; ventraL view.
Fig. 992 Duodenum, Duode n u m ; endoscopic image.
•
Abdo m i n a l vi scera
••
I Sto m a c h I Small intestine I Large i nt e st i n e I
Small intestine, structure
Tela submucosa
---;--'--.:f-�-i�')��
�T,'''' .,.-""...""",;;.{itJ�'" A colica media
A ileocolica
r-----------::o!,..--I�:=;f.!L:;L+-- A, mesenterica Inferior
--f--ll'1J�5�;;�:;fitD
..a. , �--- A. coliea slnislra
Aa. sigmoideae
A, rectalis superior
A, appendicularis
Fig. 1 060 Arteries of the abdominal viscera; semi-schematic; possi b le anastomoses a re i n d icated [OJ.
A, rectalis inferior
live r
Pa n c reas
I
S p le e n
I
To p o g ra p hy
Secti ons
Abdominal veins, overview
V. gastrica dextra
W. oesophageae
Vv hepaticae
V. gastrica sinistra Vv. gastricae breves
V portae hepatis, R dexter
V. splenica [lienalis]
--'�,...� . _d�lII=. V. portae hepatis -�'I.---�-/----"��!'( V. cystica
V. splenica [Iienalis] V. mesenterica superior
V. gastroomentalis [gastroepiploica] sinistra
-----J.�I-----�����-��=:::�Ii ---.l�
W. pancreallcae V. ga.troomentalis [gaslroepiploica] daxtra
u,_------==_-- V. mesenterica interior iiIIJ.-rIo-- (V. marginalis coli)
(Vv duodenales) V. pancreatico duodenal is superior posterior
.. �....".JI..-4"�I Ir.i'J!lll�-
V. colica media
V. colica sinislra
V. colica dextra
�--..lltr-*--l�+rr--::a-- V rectalis superior
V. ileocolica
VV. sigmoideae
Vv. rectales mediae
Vv. rectales interiores
V. appendicularis
Vv. lleales
Vv. jejunales
Fig. 1 06 1 H epatic porta l vein, V. portae hepatis, with tributaries; semi-schematic.
�
Abd o m i n a L viscera
to to
I Sto m a c h I S m a ll i n testi ne I La rge i n testi n e I
Coeliac trunk
Lig. teres hepatis
Ductus hepaticus communis A. hepatica propria Truncus coeliacus A. gastrica sinistra
Vesica biliaris A. cystica Ductus cysticus
A hepatica propria A. gastroduodenalis
-....,._ . �..
A gastrica dextra
-..\.-----
--=::"'-�"""...J.'1J
A. hepatica communis
V portae hepatis
A. splenica A. gastroomentalis sinistra
- 50 %
A. pancreaticoduodenal is superior posterior A. gastroomentalis dextra
A mesenterica superior
a
A gastroomentalis dextra
A. mesenterica superior
A hepatica propria. R dexter
A hepatica communis
-3% c
-3%
- 12%
d
e
7%
Fig. 1 062 a-f Va riabi lity of the a rterial b lood supply of the live r. a "Textbook case " b The superior mesenteric a rtery. A. mesenterica superior. p.a rticipates i n the s u pply of the right lobe of the liver. c The common hepatic a rtery. A. hepatica com m u n is . a rises from the superior mesenteric a rtery. A. mesenterica superior. d The left lobe of the liver is s u pplied by the left gastric a rtery. A. gastrica sin istra. e A branch of the left gastric a rtery. A. gastrica s i nistra. supplies the left lobe of the live r a long with the left b ranch of the hepatic a rtery p roper, A. h epati ca p ropria. An accessory b ranch of the hepatic a rtery proper, A. hepatica p ropria. su pplies the lesser c u rvat u re of the stomach.
Fig. 1 063 a-e Va riabi lity of the arterial b lood supply of the stomach. a "Textbook case " . closed a rterial arcade supplying both the lesse r and the g reater c u rvat u re b The left gastric a rtery, A. gastrica sin istra, partici pates i n the s u pply of the left lob e of the liver. c Anastomosis between the right and left gastro-omental a rteries. Aa. gastroomenta les dextra et s i n istra, at the g reater c u rvat u re d Absence of an a nastomosis between the right a n d left gastro-omental arteries, Aa . gastroo mentales d extra e t s i nistra , a t the greater curvat u re e An accessory posterio r gastric a rtery. A. gast ri ca posterior. arising from the splenic a rtery. A. splenica, su pplies the posterior wall of t h e stomach.
L i ve r
Pa n c reas
I
S p le e n
I
To pogra p hy
Sect i o n s
Arteries of the upper abdomen, radiography
A. hepatica propria
A. gastrica sinistra
A. hepatica communis Truncus coeliacus
A gastroduodenalis
A. splenica A
gastroomentahs dexlra
A. gastroomentalis sinistra Pelvis renalis
Ureter sinister
PelVIS r"n�""--
Fig. 1 064 Arte ries of the stomach, Gaster; t h e spleen, Splen [Lie n ] , a n d the liver, Hepar; AP-rad iograph after selective i njection of a contrast medium i nto the coeliac tru n k lcoeliacogra phyJ with concom itant visualization
of the renal pelvis due to the renal excretion of the m e d i u m ; ventral view. * **
Catheter loop in the aorta Catheter i n the aorta
A. hepatica propria, Aa. segmenti anterioris et posterioris
......::=--��:..!.II4--
A hepatica propria, R dexter
A. hepatica communis
A. gastroduodenal is
A, pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior
A. gastroomentalis dextra
A. pancreaticoduodenalis superior anterior
A. pancreatica dorsalis A. pancreatica inferior
Fig. 1 06 5 Common hepatic a rtery, A. hepatica com munis; AP-ra d i o g raph after selective i nj ection of a contrast medium into the common hepatic a rtery; ventral view.
Branches to the left lobe of the liver replacing a single left branch of the hepatic artery proper *. An accessory branch of the hepatic artery to the lesser c u rvature of t h e stomach Catheter in t h e aorta
.**
�
Abd o m i n a L viscera
��
I S t o m a c h I S m a ll i ntest i n e I La rg e i n testi ne I
Vessels of the upper abdomen
LobuS hepatis sinister •
Llg teres hepatis
V. cava inferior .
Pars lumbalis diaphragmatis
• Truncus
coeliacus
•A
phrenica inferior
Vesica biliaris
• Pars abdominalis
Lobus hepatis dexter; Lobus quadratus A ; V. cystica
aortae
• A. splenica
• • ---+--1
A hepatica . propria
"-..:.� .! ...._ .. - Splen [Lien]
• • A. ; V.
gastroomentalis sinistra
Omentum majus
A ; V. gastroomentalis dextra
• •
Fig. 1 066
Vessels of t h e upper abdomen.
Liver
I
Pa n c re a s
S p Leen
I
To pography
Sect i o n s
Vessels of the upper abdomen
A. hepatica communis . V
gastrica sinistra
cava inferior •
• • A . ; V. gastroomentalis sinistra
• A. phrenica inferior
• A. gastrica brevis
• • A.; V
splenica
• • Rr. splenici A ; V. gastro· • • omentalis dextra
--=-�..
'-
A. gastro· . duodenalis V.
Corpus pancreatis
portae hepatis •
A. pancreatico- • duodenalis superior anterior
• A. pancreatico' duodenalis inferior
Caput pancreatis V.
mesenterica • superior
Proc uncinatus
Mesocolon
transversum
Lig. gastrocolicum
Fig. 1 067
Vessels of the u p pe r abdomen .
�
Abd o m i n a l viscera
��
I
Sto m a c h
I S m a l l i n t e st i n e I La rg e i nt e st i n e I
Superior mesenteric artery
A mesenteriea superior
A. marglnar.s coli
A, colica dema
A. ileoeoliea
-"t""'"':"t-�ii:;.....-1�'-=:=:---7:'i:-+-+- - Aa jejunales 1�;=-�-=---'Ii1-.....;._1-
--+--7-+1-----:;,
Aa ileales
A mesenteriea inferior
A. caecal,s posterior
A . appendieulans
a
- 20 %
Fig. 1 068 a-d Va riability of t h e b ranches of the superior mesenteric a rtery. A. mesenterica superior, su pplying t h e large i ntesti n e . a "Textbook c a s e " . t h e asce n d i n g and t h e t ra n sverse colo n , C o l o n ascendens et tra n sve rsu m , a re s u pplied b y t h ree branches.
- 10%
b The i leocolic a rtery, A. i leocolica, a n d the right colic a rtery, A. colica dextra , form a common trunk. c O n ly two b ra nches a rise from the mesenteric a rtery while the right colic a rtery, A. colica dextra, is absent. d Duplication of the right colic a rtery, A. colica dextra
A. mesenteriea superior A. coHea media
Aorta, Pars abdomlnalls Aa. jejunales A colica dextra
Aa. ileales
Fig. 1 069 Superior mesenteric a rtery, A. mesenterica superior; AP-radiogra p h after i njection of a contrast m e d i u m i nto the origin of t h e superior mesenteri c a rtery; ventra l view.
* **
Catheter in the aorta Catheter i n the common iliac a rtery
Liver
Pa n c rea s
I
S p lee n
I
To pogra p h y
Sect i o n s
Vessels of the lower abdomen
A. colica media .
Colon
lransversum
V collea • media
• Aa. jejunales
--tai!l!i����
Flexura coll sinlslra
Flexura call ---'1'' dexlra
P--+- Jejunum i-""-...'I-- • Vv. jejunales
A ; V colica • • dextra Aa. ileales •
Vv Ileales .
A ; V epigaslrica inferior • •
Caecum
Appendix vermiform is
Ileum
Fig. 1 070 Superior mesenteric a rtery a n d ve i n , A. et V. mesenterica s u perior. The a rteries supplying t h e small i ntestine fo rm a series of arcades.
Colon sigmoideum
�
Abd o m i na l viscera
��
I Sto m a c h I S m a l l i n te st i n e I La rg e i n test i n e I
Inferior mesenteric artery
A colica media
A mesenterica superior
A. mesenterica inferior
iii ���T_f--- A. marginalis coli 7'f��,__i!!f;:;;:;;ijOiii
---f---iir------I:3:d-�J --I-.".- -rf-f-
-
-
-#''+-�lIo...
-
-"-..... �i--- A. colica slnistra
I-�""'rl--"*-- Aa. sigmoideae
I:::-JI----t-,IL.--+--- A. rectal is superior
Fig. 1 07 1 a-c Va riations in t h e b ra n c hes of the i nferior mesenteric a rtery. A. mesenteri ca i nferior. a The i nferior mesenteric a rtery. A. mesenterica i nferior. d ivides i nto t h ree parts s u p plying the desce n d i n g a n d sigmoid colo n . a s w e l l as the rect u m.
b An accessory m i d d le colic a rtery. A. colica media. a rises fro m t h e i nferior mesenteric a rtery. A. mesenterica i nferior. c An accessory m id d le colic a rtery. A. colica media. a rises from the left colic a rtery. A. colica s i n i stra. •
Clinical term: 5UOECK's point
V.
mesenterica inferior
A. ascendens A mesentenca Inlanor
A. colica s I niSi na V
colica sinistra
A . marglnalis coli Aa slgmoideae
Crista iliaca
Articulatio sacroiliaca A rectal is superior
Fig. 1 072 I nferior m esenteric a rtery. A. mesenterica i nferior; AP-ra diograph after selective i njection of a con t rast m ed i u m i nto the orig i n of t h e i nferior mesenteric a rtery; ventral view. •
Catheter in the aorta
Liver
I
Pa n c re a s
S p lee n
I
To p o g ra p hy
Sections
Vessels of the lower abdomen
A pancreaticoduodenalis inferior .
•
Pars abdomlnalls aortae
Flexura duodenol ejunalis
Pancreas
Mesocolon transversum
A.; V. collea
media
••
••A
. • V. collca slnfstra
-----=---=-04 -; 1-"-----=-"'- ..'""" ... '1-'
_ _
A, ; V, iliaca • • communis
mediana
• A. rectalis superior
Mesocolon sigmoideum
N femoralis
Fascia iliaca
A. ; V circumflexa • • ilium profunda
Colon sigmoideum
Fig. 1 076 Vessels of the retroperitoneal space, Situs ret roperitonealis, of the male.
�
Abd o m i n a l viscera
��
I
Sto m a c h
I S m a ll i n test i n e I Large i n t e st i n e I
Hepatic portal vein, overview
Oesophagus
Vv oesophageae
V. cava inferior Vv. hepaticae Gaster
Hepar
V. splenica [Iienalis]
V. gastrica sinistra
V. portae hepatis Vv gastricae breves V. gastrica dextra -...--- Splen [Lien] V. cystica
Vesica biliaris [feliea]
----fl�'Hi,...
V. mesenterica superior
_-+IIt:rt7ii.
V. gastroomentalis sinistra
V. mesenterica inferior
V. gastroomentalis dextra V colica media
Vv pancreaticoduodenales
V. colica sinistra Colon ascendens
V. colica dextra Vv. jejunales; Vv. ileales V. ileocolica Colon descendens
Vv slgmoldeae V. appendicularis
Rectum
V. recLalis 5 uperlor
Fig. 1 077 H e patic portal vei n . V. portae hepatis; ventral view.
Liver
Pa n c reas
I S p lee n I
To p o g ra p h y
S e cti o ns p p .242 f f
Portocaval anastomoses
V. hemiazygos
V. azygos
(Plexus venosus submucosus) V. phrenica inferior V. hepatica
_ _
-- (R. �r�-------��,-
oesophagealis)
11----------....;.�I__-- V. gastnca sinistra
V. portae hepatis V. splenica [lienalis]
V. renalis sinlstra V. mesenterica superior
V. lumbalis ascendens
V. mesenterica inferior V. paraumbilicalis
V. cava inferior
---to�---'I--..lI:
---I---;j�--Jllllt7Il!ii"ilk-�tf-
V. colica sinistra
_---l�t....-----l"
V. epigastrica superficialis
V. iliaca communis
----jt----jr---��" V. sigmoidea
V. epigastrica inferior
--�'hdll'"
V. iliaca interna
....-#.t. --:j:\
_ _
Vv. rectales infenores
------�
Fig. 1 078 Hepatic portal vei n , V. portae hepatis, a n d i nferio r vena cava, V. cava i nferior; semi -schematic; tri butaries of t h e inferior vena cava i n blue; tributa ries of the hepatic portal vein i n p u rple; potential portocaval a nastomoses a re i n dicated by circles.
V. rectalis superior
1 8 2' ·�
�
Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
Kid ney
S u p ra r e n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry b La d d e r
Kidney
Margo superior
Capsula adiposa
Margo medialis Aa. suprarenales mediae Glandula suprarenalis
---'c--1P'-
A. suprarenalis inferior A renal is, R. posterior
---,j�li:'iiii_;;
V. testicularis/ovarica sinistra
Ureter
Fig. 1 079 Kidney, Ren [ N e p h rosl, a n d s u prarenal gland. Glandula su prarenalis; ventral view [ left ! .
Aa suprarenales superiores
Margo superior
Glandula suprarenalis
Glandula suprarenalis, Hilum
--:::;iIII_II .il����
Capsula adiposa Capsula fibrosa
Aa suprarenales mediae Vv. suprarenales ,-...- - Margo medialis -
'�""'r--- A. suprarenal is inferior
A. renalis
V renalis
Ureter
Fig. 1 080 Kidney, Ren [ N e p h rosl, and s u prarenal g la n d , Gla n d u la s u p ra renalis; ventral view [right!.
Margo lateralis
G e n it a l i a
Rectum
To p o g ra p hy
0 83
Sections
Kidney
Cortex renalis Papillae renales Medulla renalis, Pyramides renales
Calyx renalis major
-,'t"�i1��1.!!
Sinus renalis
�1Iiifl""'t-- Cortex renalis
-H--
Fig. 1 081 Kidney, Ren [Nephrosl ; oblique a n d vertical h e misection displaying the renal cortex, the medu lla and the pelvis; ventral view ( left!. Arrows point fro m the pyra mi d s to the calyces.
Columnae renales
Pelvis renalis Calyx renalis major Medulla renalis
Calices renales minores
Ureler
Crista iliaca Spina iliaca posterior superior Cortex renalis
Fig. 1 082 Proj ection of the kid neys o nto the back.
Capsula fibrosa
Cortex renalis
Columna renalis
Aa. interlobares
--11'"""':_
Sinus renalis; Corpus adiposum
Columnae renales
A arcuata
Fig. 1 083 Kidney. Ren [ N e p h rosl; oblique and vertical h e m isect i o n ; ventral view [left).
�
Pelvi c viscera a n d ret ro p e ritoneal space
S u p ra re n a l g La n d
Kid ney
Kidney, structure
Cortex renalis
Capsula fibrosa
Medulla renalis
V. rsnalls Aa. interlobares Pelvis renalis
S,nus renalis
---=...".,.,..;�� ,;,;;'""'....,-'....1--- Pyramides renales
Papilla renalis
Calyx renalis minor
Fig. 1 084 Kid ney, Ren [Nephros); tra n sverse section t hrou g h the renal s i n u s ; i nferior view [ left ) .
. .. '"
Corpusculum renale
Tubulus distal is
•
,
;-�,
'&
. . ..... . .
•
t---""!'-"-"":"':"":_-- Polus urinarius
----1..-.... - .;,; .. ;;.. ...:.; :.....
....:.,�.:....2... .. _...:.L..:..._
_ _
. ;...:-';--?---'lIo:.!-....r-' . '---....:...,...i..... -�...:� : -- Tubulus proximal is
Fig. 1 085 Kid ney, Ren [Nephros) ; m i c roscopic section of the cortex [ 1 00 x l .
U ri n a ry b L a d d e r
Genitalia
Rectum
To p o g ra p hy
Sections
Kidney, development
Glandula suprarenalis Glandula suprarenalis V.
cava inferior V.
renalis
Ren M.
Pars abdominalis aortae
A. umbilicalis
Fig. 1 086 Kid n ey, Ren [ N e p h rosl, and the su prarenal gland, Glandula su p ra renalis, of a - 5-month-old foetus.
Fig. 1 087 Kidney, Ren [ N e ph rosl; dorsal view. The lower poles of both kidneys a re fused (= horseshoe kidney) .
psoas major
II
1 8 6 ':�
,. Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
... ...
K i d ney
S u p ra re n a L g la n d
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
Renal pelvis and calyces
Calyx renalls malor
Calices renales minores
Ureler --t�.
a
b
Fig. 1 088 a, b Renal pelvis, Pelvis rena lis; corrosion casts; ventra l view [ left], a Dendritic type b Ampullar type
Vertebra thoracica XII Papilla renalls
Papilla renalis
Colon ascendens
Pelvis renalis
Calyx renalis major
Calyx renalis minor
Papilla renalis
Ren sinister, Extremitas inferior Colon descendens
M. psoas major Ureter
Ureler
Fig. 1 089 Kid ney, Ren [ N e p h ros] ; ren a l pelvis, Pelvis renalis, a n d u reter, U reter; AP-rad iogra p h after retrograde i njection of a contrast medium via both u reters.
;�' 187 ..
G e n it a l i a
Rectum
To pography
Secti o n s
Areas of contact and renal segments
...l..�oM,--- Segmentum SUperius
Segmentum anterius superlus
l&-__ _ __ Segmentum anterius inferius
----/--
A. renalis
--'1---- V. renalis
--+---!t'"
,
Ureter Segmentum inferius
Segmenlum poste'ius
------4
a Ventral view I rig ht)
Fig. 1 090 a, b Renal segments. Segmenta renalia.
b Dorsa l view I ri g ht)
Truncus coeliacus
V. cava inferior
---t--
A
renalis sinistra
V. renalis sinistra
V. renalis dextra
V. testicularis/ovarica sinistra V. testicularis/ovarica dextra
Fig. 1 09 1 Kidney. R e n ; a reas of contact with adjacent o rgans; ventral view.
Areas of contact of the kid neys
.. .. ..
Glandulae suprarenales
Colon. Flexura dexlra
Splen [Lien]
Hepar
Jejunum
Pancreas
Gaster
Colon descendens
Duodenum. Pars descendens
_
1 88·
� I
;
K i d n ey
Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
Suprare n a l g la n d
Kidney, imaging
I
Ren. Facies anterior
Hepar
Medulla renal is. Pyramis renalis
Pelvis renalis
Extremitas superior Diaphragma
Extremitas inferior
M. psoas major
Ren, Facies posterior
Fig. 1 092 Kidney, Ren [Ne phrosl ; u ltrasound i m a g e ; the t ransducer i s d i rected from ventro i nferior to d orsosu p e rior; latera l view !rightJ. * A b d o m i n a L waLL
Colon
Hepar, Lobus dexter
V. cava inferior
Cutis
Pars abdominal is aortae
Ren Mm.
V. renalis dextra abdominales
Corpus vertebrae
Ren, Capsula adiposa Fascia renal is
Proc. spinosus Costa XII
M
erector spinae
Fig. 1 093 Kidney, Ren [ N e p h rosl ; p u ncture of the right kid ney; comp uted tomogra p h i c c ross-secti o n [ eTI ; i nferior view. * GU idance of a needle for kidney biopsy
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
Gen italia
Rectum
To p o g ra p hy
Sections
Suprarenal gland A a.
suprarenaJes suponores
A. phrenica inferior Aa. suprarenales mediae
Margo superior
A. suprarenalis inferior A. renalis Aorta abdominalis
Facies anterior
a
-
34 %
b
-
26 %
Margo mediafis
Medulla
----'..:..I,W
c
Fig. 1 094 Supra renal gland, G la ndula s uprare na lis; ventra l view [right).
-
33%
d
v. renBhs dexlra
V. renalls slnlst,a
V. cava inferior
Fig. 1 095 a-d Variability of the supra renal a rteries, Aa. s uprarenales, and course of the s uprarenal veins, Vv. s uprarena les. a Arterial s u pply by t h ree a rteries [ "textbook case"] b Arterial sup ply without a b ra n c h fro m the ren a l a rtery, A. ren a lis c Arterial supply without a d i rect branch fro m the aorta, Aorta d C o u rse of the supra renal veins, Vv. su prarenales
Cortex
Zona fasclculata
�--::�--- Zona retlcularls Medulla
1Et:�=t-- Medulla jL-oF-�+--- V. cenVlllis
Fig. 1 096 Supra renal gland, G landula supra renalis; sagittal sect i o n ; latera l view [right).
Fig. 1 097 Supra renal gland, Gla n d u la supra renalis; m i c roscopic enla rgement at low magn ification.
1
Cortex
1 90 : 1
�
K i d ney
Pelvic viscera a n d ret ro p e r i t o n e a l space
S u pra re n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry bLadder
Urinary bladder
umbilicale medianum Apex vesicae
Tunica muscularis
(Plicae mucosae)
Oslium urelerls Plica .nterurelsrica
Urethra masculina, Pars prostatica
(
Trigonum vesicae
'I.-:-b-Crista urethral is
Prostata
H��-- Ductuli prostatici
Sinus prostaticus Colliculus seminalis Utriculus prostaticus Ductus de/erentes, Ductus ejaculatorii
Fig. 1 098 Urinary bLadder, Vesica urinaria; p rostate, Prostata. and u rethra, U reth ra ; ve ntraL view.
Peritoneum parietale
Vesica urinaria
--�r--'�"""",,"� ..'1o...l....e.�.."
Symphysis pubica
-""H-J+--_ Rectum
�-.tJ--tOHH--- Excavatio
---+-"'--"r--i--Ij..,,,.-.- • A iliaca
communis
Ureter
• V. iliaca
communis
���I-
Nodl -��-----��-��� lymphOldei iliaci externl
A. temoralis •
Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci interni Mesocolon sigmoideum
Colon sigmoideum
Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales superticiales, Nodi superolaterales '
Fascia cribrosa Nodl lymphoidel m9ulnales supertlclales. Nodi supero medial as et IIlfenores
N. femoralis
Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales. (Nodi profundi)
Fig. 1 1 56 Lymph nodes, Nodi lymphoidei, and lym phati cs, Vasa lym phatica, of the posterior a bdominal wall a n d the i n g u i n a l reg i o n ; ve ntral view.
N. ilioinguinalis
The n u m bers X a nd X I I ind icate the respective ribs. •
Clinica l term: " h orizontal chain", d ra i n i n g the lower abdominal wall. the gluteal region. the perineum and the external gen ital
Gen italia
R e ctu m
To p o g ra p h y
Sections
Lymphatics of the retroperitoneal space, radiography
Truncus lumbalis sinister
Vas Iymphaticum --'--�"":..:,II'" efferens
...... - Nodus Iymphoideus
inguinalis superiicialis
Vasa Iymphatica --;----E� afferentia
Fig. 1 1 57 Lymphatics, Vasa lym p hatica, a n d lym p h nodes, Nodi lym phoidei, of the i n g u inal, the pelvic a n d the lumbar reg i o n ; AP-radiogra p h after bi latera l i nj ection o f a contrast m e d i u m i nto lymphatics of the foot [ lymphography). This forme rly applied tec h n i q u e visualizes t h e position a n d s i z e of lymphatics a n d lym p h nodes.
�
Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
K i d n ey
S u p ra re n a l g la nd
U r i n a ry b l a d d e r
Nerves of the retroperitoneal space
N. splanchnicus major . N
N. vagus [Xl. Plexus oesophageus Oesophagus
Ihoracicus (Tll I, N.
InlerCOSlalis
N. subcostalis
• M . quadratus lumborum
N iliohypogaslricus
Truncus sympathicus N. ilioinguinalis
Plexus mesentericus inferior
N. cutaneus femoris laleralls
Crista iliaca
N. genitofemoralis
N femoralis
• M. iliacus
N. obturalorius
Truncus lumbosacralis
, Plexus sacralis
Rectum
1 � 47. 49, 501
Fig. 1 1 58 Nerves of the posterior a b d o m i n a l wa ll, the lum bosacral plexus. Plexus lum bosacralis. a n d the abdominal part o f the autonomous nervo us system, Pars abdominalis autono m i c a ; ventral view.
I
Gen italia
Rectum
To p o g ra p hy
221
Secti o n s
Vessels and nerves of the retroperitoneal space
N.
splanchnicus major
Hiatus oesophageus
A ; V. renalis' • •
N. subcostalis
A ; V. testicularis • •
Truncus sympathicus
N. subcostalls
• A. mesenterica
inferior
• • k; V. iliaca
communis
N. iliohypogastricus
• A. lumbalis IV •
N genitofemoralis
Truncus lumbosacralis
N ihoinguinalis
Rr. musculares N. ilioinguinalis
N. femoralis
• M transversus •
N. genitofemoralis, R, femoralis
•
N. cutaneus femoris lateralis N. genitofemoralis, R. genitalis
• • A.; V. circumflexa
ilium profunda
Ureter, Pars pelvica
Ductus deferens
abdominis
A ; V sacralis mediana • •
Rectum
Fig. 1 1 59 Vessels a n d nerves of t h e posterior abdominal wall of the m a le. * I n - 1 0% the left re nal vein passes posterior to the aorta .
• • A.; V. epigastrrca
inferior
�
K i d n ey
PeLvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneaL space
S u prare n a l g la n d
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
Innervation of the male genitalia
Fig. 1 1 60 M a le genitalia, O rgana g e n italia masculina; d i a g ra m demonst rating the autonomous i n nervation of the left s i d e ; ve ntral a n d lateral view, respectively. Green sympathetic n e rvous system Pu rple parasympathetic nervou s system
� Medulla spinalis
=
Rr communicantes
=
Truncus sympathicus
•
ALso; engen! nerves
S u rg i ca l removal o f p a raaortic lym p h nodes o r operations a t t h e abdominal a orta a n d t h e large a rteries o f t h e pelvis can cause damage to the sympathetic nerves with the consequence of eja c u latory i m potency l i m potentia genera n d i l . Prostate operations, in t u rn, may damage the para sympathetic fibres i n n e rvating the penis, thus leading to erectile i m potency I l mpotentia coe u n d i l .
Glandula vesiculosa
Vesica urinaria
;:;��:=-:t:)�\.1ir��s;;;;;:�==-: Corpus spongiosum penis
Corpus cavernosum penis Urethra masculina
Ganglia pelvica, Radix parasympathica [Nn splanchnici pelvici]-
Glans penis
Plexus testicularis
I n n ervat i o n of t h e m a le g e n italia Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Origin
Course
O rgan
Function
Sacra l part of the s i n a l cord S2 - 54! Thora c i c part of the spinal cord [T1 0 - T 1 2!
Ganglia pelvlca, Radix a rasympath ica N n . sp la nch n i c i pelviciJ Plexus m esenterici s u perior et i nferior
Penis Corpus cavernosum
Vasodilatation Erection
Testis
Reg u lation of blood flow
Gland u la bulbou reth ralis Ductus [vas! deferens
Expulsion of its fluid
�
�
-l-
Truncus sym path icus -l-
Plexus testicularis Lumbar part of the s p i n a l cord [ L 1 - L2!
-l-
Plexus hypogastricus s u pe rior -l-
N . hypogastricus -l-
Plexus hypogastricus i nferior
Somatomotor, somatosensory
Sacral part of N pudendus the spinal cord 152 - 54)
N n . scrotales posteriores N . dorsalis penis
Contract i o n , t ransport of the sperms into the u rethra
Glandula vesi c u losa Prostata
Expulsion of its content i nto the u rethra
[M sph incter vesicae!
C losure of the u ri n a ry bladder to prevent retrog rade ejacula·ion Expulsion of the eja c u late out of the u reth ra
M isch i ocavernosus M b u lbospongiosus Scrotal s k i n Penile s k i n
G e n ita l i a
Rectu m
S e ct i o n s
To p o g ra p hy
Innervation of the female genitalia
Fig. 1 1 6 1 Fem a le g e n italia, O rgana genitalia femi n i n a ; d i a g ra m demonstrating the autonomous i nnervation ; ventral view. Green sym pathetic nervous system Purple parasym pathetic nervous system =
=
• Clinical term: FRANKENHAuSER's ganglion A ls o erigent nerves ••
:
The autonomic plexus a re i n terspersed with ganglia. The hypogastric a n d uterovaginal plexus conta i n both sympathetic and parasym pathetic fi bres.
Radices anterio res (S2-S5)
1-7 49, 50 1 OVarium
Plexus hypogastricus inferior Plexus uterovaginalis·
N. sacralis [S1 ]
\::S;::;::\:�:----':- Ganglia pelvica,
Radix parasympathica
Ganglia pelvica, Radix parasympathica [Nn. spianchnici pelvicit·
[Nn. splanchnici pelvici]
Cilloris
---
Labium minus pudendi
Plexus sacralis
N pudendus Nn. labiales posteriores
(Introitus vaginae)
I n n e rvat i o n of t h e f e m a le g e nitalia Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Origin Sacral part
t
o f the s n a l cord I 2 - 54]
T h o ra c i c p a rt of t h e s p i n a l c o rd IT1 0 - T 1 2 ]
Course Ga n g l i a pelvica, Radix a rasym p a t h i ca N n . s p la n c h n i c i p e lvi c i J
fr
J,
N n . cave rn o s i clito r i d i S Plex u s m e s e n t e r i c u s ." su perior Plex u s ova r l c u s 71
Organ Tuba uterina U t e ru s
Function Vasodilatation Vas o d i latat i o n
Va g i n a C litoris
Tra n s s u d a t i o n Erection
Ova r
Va s o c o n st r i c t i o n
T u b a uterina Uterus Va g i n a
C o n t ra c t i o n
Plex u s re n a l i s
Tru n c u s sympa t h i c u s Lu m b a r pa rt o f t h e spinal cord I L1 - L2]
J,
Plexus hyp o g a st r i c u s superior J, N hypogastri c u s Plex u s hypogastri c u s i nfe r i o r
J,
8
Plexus uterol(a i na l i s I F RAN K E N HA S E R ' s ganglion]
Somatomotor, somatosensory
Sacral p a rt of t h e s p i n a l cord 1 5 2 - 54]
N. p u d e n d u s
71 ."
N d o rsalis c litori d i s N n l a b i a les p osteri ores
C li t o ri s L a b i a maj o ra M. i s c h i ocave rn o s u s
M b u lbospongiosus
Co n t racti o n
�
K i d n ey
Pelvic viscera a n d ret ro p e ritoneal space
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
Pelvic arteries
A. iliaca communis A. sacralis lateralis A iliaca interna
A glutea superior M piriformis
A iliaca externa A. obturatoria
A. umbilicalis
A. glutea inferior
--:::;-L---...,.�JI
-r-ooc;;;::::--,���
-++- Lig. sacrospinale
__._:1I'm!r--I-J
A pudenda interna
A vesica lis superior
-10 %
Fig. 1 1 62 a-d Va riabi lity of the branching pattern of the i nternal iliac a rtery, A. i liaca i nterna ; viewed from the left. a All b ranches a rise fro m the same stem . b T h e i nternal iliac a rtery. A. i liaca i nterna. d ivides i nto two major branches [ " textbook case" ) . c T h e i nternal i liac a rtery, A. i liaca i nterna. d ivides i nto t h ree maj o r branches. d The i nternal i liac artery, A. i liaca i nterna, d ivides i nto more than t h ree major b ranches.
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
G e n italia
Rectum
To p o g ra phy
S e ct i o n s
Vessels and nerves of the pelvic wall
Pars abdominalis aortae .
A. mesenterica inferior .
Plexus sacralis, Truncus lumbosacral is
N, sacralis [S1], R, anterior
A
• A. glutea superior A
Truncus sympathicus, Ganglia sacralia
N obturatorius
N. genitofemoralis, R genitalis
Anulus inguinalis profundus
N sacralis [S2], R anterior
--:;�l\o�....Ir'" ..
�\'�::-';�_- • A glutea inferior
N sacral is [S3], R. anterior Nn anales [rectales] inferiores
A cremasterica . A. epigastrica • inferior
Nn. sacrales [S4: S5]. Rr. anterlores M Ischloooccygeus lM. coccygeus] PlexUs coccygeus; N . coccygeus
•
Nn. anococcygel
sacrospinale
A obturatoria, R
M obturatorius internus
N. pudendus
•
Plexus sacral is
Fig. 1 1 63 I nternal i liac a rtery, A. i liaca interna, a n d sacra l plexus, Plexus sacralis; viewed from the left.
1
�
Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
K i d ney
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
Organs of the male pelvis
A.; V. sacral is lateral is. Rr spinales • • N. sacralis [81], R. anterior
N. lumbalis [L5], R anterior V. iliaca externa •
Mesocolon sigmoideum
Vesica unnana
[
N. sacralis [82]. R. anterior Peritoneum parietale
• M. gluteus maxim us
Colon sigmoideum
Rectum. Flexura sacralis
Appendices omentales [epiploicae]
Excavatio rectovesicalis
Tunica serosa
Tunica muscularis
Articulatio sacrococcygea
M. rectus abdominis •
Ureter
as pubis
..j ""'t---:'--.IfI�....I-Glandu la vesiculosa
Ug. puboprostaticum
Corpus anococcygeum lUg. anococcygeum]
Funiculus spermaticus
• M. levator ani
Ductus deferens --....,�....:.\���\�
Corpus anococcygeum lUg . anococcygeum]
M cremaster . _�f!,.:.-'''":-+'I�I :''!l!
Tunica dartos. M. dartos .
Rectum. Flexura anorectal is [perinealis]
A profunda penis . M
Glandula bulbourethralis'
Fig. 1 1 64
O rgans of the male pelvis.
* Clinical term: COWPER's gland
• M. transversus perinei profundus
Gen italia
Rectum
To pogra p hy
S e ct i o n s
Vessels of the male pelvis
• A. umbilical is. Pars patens
A
Canalis sacralis
A
."
....".u.� • • A.; V. vesicalis inferior • A ductus deferentis
A.; V. circumflexa • • ilium profunda
1ULl.!;J..:.;If-- • M. piriformis
Plica umbilicalis lateralis; A ; V epigastrica • • inferior
����I-- • M. Ischiococcygeus lM. coccygeus!
Plica umbilical is medialis -;::;-�ML,--�'
ffiE��I-- • • A.; V. rectailS medIa
Vesica urinana ...:t;���.--
Ductus deferens sinister
Ureter sinister
Glandula vesiculosa
Funiculus spermaticus
Corpus cavernosum penis
Fig. 1 1 65
• • A ; V. pudenda interna, Rr. scrotales posteriores
B lood sup ply of the male pelvis.
2 2 8·
�
Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
K i d n ey
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
Vessels of the female pelvis
Rectum, Tunica muscularis, Stratum longitudinale
• • A; V. rectalis media Ovanum dextrum
Plica rectouterina Ureter sinister
Tuba uterina
Lig teres uteri
• • A.; V. uterina
A; V iliaca externa • •
Vagina Uterus
• • A.; V. rectalis media
Vesica urinaria
"�----:if-"';"'- • A. vaginalis
• A. vesicalis inferior
• Plexus venosus vaginalis
Bulbus vestibuli • Lig. teres uteri
Fig. 1 1 66
Blood supply of t h e fem a le pelvis.
G e n italia
Rectum
To pogra p hy
S e ct i o n s
Vessels of the female pelvis Nodi Iymphoidei preaortici, aortici laterales et retroaortici Nodus Iymphoideus precavalis
• A. iliolumbalis • • A ; V. rectalis superior
Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci interni
Rectum
Nodus Iymphoideus iliacus externus
• • A.; V uterina
N genitofemoralis N. obturatorius
Nodus Iymphoideus rectalis superior
A.; V iliaca externa • • A ; V obturatoria • •
• A. vaginalis
Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci externi mediales et laterales
• A. pudenda interna
• A. rectalis media
A ; V epigastrica • • inferior
Lig. sacrospinale
Chorda arteriae ....� .. �;-'O'�.....; umbilicalis
Nodi Iymphoidei pararectales
Excavatio rectouterina'. Plica rectouterina
Lig teres uteri ..
Anulus femoralis
• • A.; V. rectalis media
Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci externi obturatorii
Lig teres uteri
Fig. 1 1 67 Lym p hatics, Vasa lym phatica, and lymph nodes, Nodi lym phoidei, of t h e pelvic wall of t h e fem a le.
umbilicale medianum
The lymph nodes are freq uently much smalle r than i llustrated but they a re a lways present. Tu m o u r cells fro m the uteru s can reach the superficial i n g u i nal lym p h nodes via lym phatics of t h e round l i g a m e n t of uterus.
* Clinical term: pouch of DOUGLAS *. Clinical term: round ligamen t
A. lllaca --l� commu�ls A. iliaca --1----#' interna A. obturatoria --t'--v·....... Foramen obturatum
Fig. 1 1 68 a-c Va riabi lity of the origin of the obturator a rtery, A. obturatoria; medial view. a Orig i n fro m the a nterior branch of t h e internal iliac artery, A. i liaca i nterna [ "textbook case"]
A epigastrica Inferior
b Origin as an independent b ranch fro m t h e internal iliac a rtery, A. i liaca i nterna c Origin from t h e external iliac a rtery, A. i liaca exte rna O n ly i n 75% of the cases, the obturator a rtery originates fro m t h e trunk of the i n t e r n a l i l i a c a rt e ry.
2 3 0,
�
Pelvic visce ra a n d ret ro p e ritoneal s pace
K i d n ey
S u p ra re n a l g l a n d
U ri n a ry b la d d e r
Female pelvic diaphragm
Tuberculum pubicum
pubicum inferius
Urethra feminina, Tunica muscularis
transversus perinei profundus
Spina iliaca anterior superior
Fossa acetabuli
Crista iliaca
Lig. transversum acetabuli
Os Ilium Fascia perinei [Fascia investiens perinei superficialis] M. transversus perinei superficial is Fascia inferior diaphragmatis pelvis Fascia obturatoria Lig. sacrotuberale puborectalis Spina ischiadica
Facies lunata M obturatorius internus _-ro...,..... Tuber ischiadicum Fascia obturatoria
M levator ani, M. iliococcygeus M. ischiococcygeus [M coccygeus] M. sphincter ani extern us
lIg
Lig. sacrotuberale Spina iliaca posterior superior Corpus anococcygeum [Lig. anococcygeum]
M sphincter ani externus
Fig. 1 1 69 Peri neal muscles, M m . peri n e i , and t h e pelvic dia p h ra g m , D i a p h ra g ma pelvis, of t h e female; i nferior vi ew. Tuberculum pubicum
Linea terminalis
Eminentia iliopubica
Corpus ossis pubis ---+-�"-"'�
•
Probe in the pudendal canal [ALCOCK's canal]
Symphysis pubica Canalis obturatorius
M. levator ani, M. pubococcygeus
M. rectococcygeus
Os sacrum
Ligg , sacroiliaca anteriora _-\-..n-.,.-:.. ....,,� .
Os ilium -...liilW\9;,\'If.i
Proc articularis superior
Fig. 1 1 70 Pelvic d i a p h ra g m , D i a p hragma pelvis, of the fe m a le ; superior vi ew.
Foramen ischiadicum Lig sacrotuberale ug sacrococcygeum anterlus: 1M. sacrococcygeus) * Clinical term: levator hiatus [ H iatus u rogen italis et a n i )
G e n italia
Rectum
To p o g ra p h y
Sections
Female pelvic diaphragm
A.; V, iliaca interna • • N
obturatorius
M. transversus . abdominis
M obliquus . --," " 1 internus abdominis
• M. Ischiococcygeus
[M. coccygeus]
M obliquus . ----l\,1i;I\1 externus abdominis M iliacus .
A,; v, iliaca externa • • A ; V, circumflexa • • ilium profunda
Rectum
A ; V, epigastrica inferior • • N obturatorius Pecten ossis pubis A ; V. obturatoria • •
Corpus anocoooygeum lUg, anococcygeum]
M. obturatorius • Internus (Arcus tendineus musculi levatoris ani) Clitoris, Corpus clitoridis
• M, sphincter ani externus
V, dorsalis profunda . clitoridis
• M. sphincter ani internus
Ostium urethrae externum Labium majus pudendi
Centrum perinei
Fig. 1 1 71 M uscles of the pelvic diaph ra g m , Diaphragma pelvis, of the fe m a le .
• M. sphincter ani externus
23'2'
I �
K i d n ey
PeLvic vi scera a n d ret ro p e ri t o n e a L space
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry b la d d e r
Male pelvic diaphragm
Corpus spongiosum penis
bulbospongiosus
Glandula bulbourethralis
M. ischiocavernosus
•
M. gracilis
M transversus perinei superficial is
perine. [Fascia mvestlens
Fascia
perlnei supert.clallsj
Tuber
Ischiadlcum
Tela subcutanea, Panniculus adiposus
----��'1i'jl1W1...,1:
Lig sacrotuberale
Fossa Ischloanalis
M
M_ gluteus maximus
M, levator ani
Os coccygis
Corpus anococcygeum [Lig anococcygeum]
Fig. 1 1 72 Peri n e u m , Peri n e u m , and pelvic diaphra g m . Diaphra g m a pelvis. of the m a le ; i nferior view. •
Clinical term: COWPER's gland
sphincter ani externus
Gen italia
R ec t u m
To pogra p hy
Sections
Female pelvic diaphragm
M gracilis
Ostium urethrae externum
Rugae vaginales Glandula vestibularis major. (Ostium) '
M. ischiocavernosus M. bulbo spongiosus
M. bulbo spongiosus
Raphe pennel
Fascia perinei [Fascia investiens perinei superficial is]
Tuber
perinel superficial is
ischiadlcum
Ug . ---"":;':=;"-.,.-4"';
saorolubemle
Fascia obturatoria
FascIa obturatorla
Fossa ischioanalis
M. sphincter ani externus M.
gluteus maximus
Mm. transversi perinei superficialis et profundus
Fig. 1 1 73 Peri neum. Peri n e u m ; peLvic diaph ra g m . Diaphragma peLvis. and femaLe externaL g e n itaLia. Organa g e n itaLia fe m i n i n a externa; i nferior view.
* C li nical term:
BARTHOLlN's g la n d
O s coccygis
Corpus anococcygeum lUg. anococcygeum]
The va g i n a L and the anaL orifices a re Located i n close prox i mity. D u ri n g deLivery the skin and m uscles of the peri neum can rupture u p to the sphincter m uscles of the a n u s [ I . I I I . degree peri neaL Lacerations). These can be prevented by s u rgicaL i n c isions d i rected either Laterally o r i n the median pLane [perineaL incision Latera L or mediaL episiotomy). -
=
Pe lvic vi sce ra a n d ret ro pe r i t o n e a l space
K i d n ey
Su prare n a l g la n d
U ri n a ry b La d d e r
Urogenital diaphragm
Lig. inguinale Symphysis publca
Glandula bulbourethralis'
M. transversus perinei profundus .
Ductus glandulae bulbourethralis
A ; V bulbi penis • •
• M. transversus perinei profundus
A ; V perinealis • • N. perinealis A.; V. pudenda interna • • N.
Fascia perinei [Fascia investiens perinei superficial is] Ramus ossis ischii
pudendus
• M. transversus
perinel superficialis
Fig. 1 1 74 U rogenital diap h ra g m , Diaph ragma u rogenitale, of the male; i nferior view. * C l i n i cal term: COWPER's gland
Tuberculum pubicum
Lig. inguinale
Os pubis, Ramus superior
Symphysis pubica
• V. dorsalis profunda clitoridis
Lig pubicum inferius
�..JI..--'r - - Urethra feminina
Os pubis, Ramus inferior
__....- • M transversus perinei profundus _ -;--_
Tuber ischiadicum
perlnel superficial is Fig. 1 1 75 U rogen ital diaph ra g m , Diaph ragma u rogenita le, o f t h e female ; i nferior view.
Fascia perinei [Fascia investiens perinei superficialis]
G e n it a l i a
R e c u rn
To p o g ra p hy
Sections
Female external genitalia
Tuberculum pubicum
::��;...:::f;;:��)
Ug. suspensorium clitoridis
�����iii;::'::::� Lig. inguinale
Labium minus pudendi -...,��..
Ostium vaginae; Columna rugarum anterior -7,i....�rJI�t..IJLl Glandula vestibularis major', (Ostium)
M. transversus
Fascia perinei [Fascia investiens perinei superficialis]
perinei profundus
Tuber ischiadicum M.
sphincter ani externus, Pars subcutanea Corpus anococcygeum lUg. anococcygeum] Fig. 1 1 76 Female external genitalia, Organa genitalia fem i n i na extern a ; ventroi nferior view. Clinical term : BARTHOLlN's g land •
Preputium clitoridis Frenulum clitoridis
(Ductus paraurethralis) Ostium urethrae externum
Glandula vestibularis malor, (Ostium)
Fossa vestibuli vaginae
Commissura labiorum posterior Fig. 1 1 77 Fe male external genitalia, O rgana genitalia fem i n i na externa ; i nferior view.
Commissura labiorum r1���""""--;-:�]Iil;��- anterior Commissura labiorum anterior
Glans clitoridis
Labium majus pudendi
Labium minus pudendi
lIL'-:''::'--::''::r-
Preputium clitoridis
Labium majus pudendi
- Rima pudendi 1l� !lLj�":!':'-f;�"-r
. 1IH::.I��.z.--l--
Ostium vaginae
Labium minus pudendi
Hymen
Frenulum labiorum pudendi
Perineum, Raphe perinel
_t:-�...,....;...-- Perineum
i::::=�::::=- Anus Fig. 1 1 78 Fem a le external genitalia, O rg a n a genitalia fem i n i n a externa; i nferior view.
�
Pelvic visce ra a n d retro p e ritoneal space
K i d ney
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry b la d d e r
Male pelvic organs and retroperitoneal space
-
Fossa supravesicalis
Plica umbilicalis median a (Lig, umbilicale medianum, Chorda urachi)
Plica umbilicalis medialis (Chorda arteriae umbilicalis) • • Plica umbilicalis lateralis (A,; V. epigastrica inferior)
Plica vesical is transversa
Vesica urinarla
M,
psoas major .
A ; V iliaca externa • • -------!1...,:>I!l
'-='+l�;!-- Fossa inguinalis medialis
Ductus deferens ----11i'flli,�'Wii&'lH.:7 Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci externi
��o;r��!.n.,,"
-
N. obturatorius •
A.; V. obturatoria • •
Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci externi
� ����i�ii�ij
Ductus deferens
M.
obturatorius internus •
M
obturatorius externus • Excavatio rectovesicalis
Ampulla ductus deferentis
• Plexus venosus vesicalis; Plexus venosus prostaticus
�r1��7Ir- Fossa ischioanalis
A ; V, pudenda interna; N, pudendus • • • M,
transversus perinei profundus .
Fig. 1 1 79 Pelvic d i a p h ra g m , Diaphragma pelvis; pelvic o rg a n s and a nterior abdominal wall, O rgana abdominis et pelvis , of the male; frontal section t h rough the head of the femur and the urinary b ladder o n the left ; dorsal view.
Genitalia
R e ct u m
To p o g ra p hy
S e ct i o n s
Female pelvic organs and retroperitoneal space
J"J' _.::---- Fascia pelvis visceralis Excavatio v8sicouterina
M.
obturatorius internus •
N.
-����-f,f.jl\���� Vesica urinaria
pudendus internus '
• Plexus venosus
vesical is
Diaphragma urogenitale
Crus clitoridis
Glandula vestibularis major
Urethra feminina
Labium minus pudendi
Ostium urethrae externum
Fig. 1 1 80 Pelvic diaphra g m , Diaphragma pelvis . a n d pelvic o rgans, Organa pelvis. o f the female; frontal section Ion the rightl combined with a median sect i o n ; ventra l view.
�
Pelvic viscera a n d ret roperitoneal space
Ki d n ey
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
Male external genitalia
A dorsalis penis .
Lig fundiforme penis
Lig. sl)SpenSOMum pems
• V. dorsalis profunda penis
Anulus inguinalis superficialis
FunlcLlius sperm"t'�us
N.
V. testicularls •
ilioinguinalis
Funiculus spermaticus
N. genitofemoral is, R. genitalis
• A. cremasterica; • (V. cremasterica)
N. dorsalis penis Plexus pampiniformis •
• Rr scrotales anteriores • V. dorsalis profunda penis • V. dorsalis superficialis penis
Fascia penis (profunda)
Fig. 1 1 81 M a le external g e n italia, Organa g e n italia masculina externa.
U r i n a ry blad d e r
Gen italia
Rectum
To p o g ra phy
Sect i o n s
Male external genitalia
Anulus inguinalis superficialis, Crus mediale Tela subcutanea, Panniculus adiposus
obliquus externus abdominis, Aponeurosis
• N. ilioinguinalis
Canalis
Ingulnalls
Ug. suspensoriurn
Anulus inguinalis --�dr:;-...,.c:= superficiaiis, Crus lalerale
penIs
Fascia spermatica externa • --""'�""''''':r'� Fascia cremasterica; • M cremaster
• V. dorsalis profunda
penIs;
• • A.; N. dorsalis penis
�::'-���\l�1I1r:n��'1
Plexus pampiniformis •
--i��������iI��
�--- • A. profunda penis
Corpus cavernosum penis
Ductus deferens ----:--7'";'1
l
Urethra masculina
A. testicularis • Epididymis
Corpus spongiosum penis
Caput
(Appendix)
Appendix testis
• Fascia cremasterica; M
Tunica vaginal is testis, Lamina visceralis
cremaster
• Fascia spermatica externa
Tunica vaginalis testis, LamIna parietalis
Fascia spermatica interna Fascia spermatica externa •
Fig. 1 1 82 M a le g e n italia, O rgana gen italia masculina.
I � 1 1 05. 1 1 1 7 1
�
Pelvic visce ra a n d ret ro p e ritoneal space
K i d n ey
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry b la d d e r
Male perineal region
Nn. scrotales posterrores
• A. perineal is, Rr scrotales posteriores
A. dorsalis penis .
• M. bulbospongiosus
A. bulbi penis .
N dorsalis penis
• M sphincter ani extemus • A. perinealis
Rr perineales (N. cutaneus femoris posterior)
• M. transversus
perinel superfieialis
Nn. clunium inferiores (N. cutaneus femoris posterior)
N.
N. dorsalis
pennealis
penis
N. dorsalis penis
Nn. anales [rectales] Inferiores
• • A.: V. pudenda
interna
N. perinealis
Lig. saerospinale
• A. reetalis inferior
N pudendus
Nn. elunium inferiores (N. cutaneus femoris posterior)
Corpus anococcygeum [Lig anococcygeum]
Nn. anococcygei
Fig. 1 1 83 Vessels a n d nerves of the peri n e u m , R e g i a perinealis, a n d the m a le external g e n italia, O rgana gen italia masculina externa.
Gen italia
Rectum
To p o g ra p hy
Sections
Female perineal region
M.
V. bulbi . vestibuli
bulbospongiosus •
•
A. pudenda interna, Rr. labiales posteriores •
Bulbus vestibuli
M,
ischiocavernosus
A dorsalis .
clitoridis
A. perineal is •
Nn. labiales posteriores
N dorsalis clitoridis
A pudenda .
interna
•
Rr perineales (N cutaneus femoris posterior)
(D;aphragma urogenlialeJ
• M transversus
penne; superficialis
N. dorsalis clitoridis
Nn clunlum inferiores (N. cutaneus femoris posterior)
•
Nn. perineales
N pudendus
A
M
sphincter ani extern us • Corpus anococcygeum (Lig, anococcygeum]
Nn anococcygei
M. gluteus
maxlmus
N n. anales (rectales] inferiores Nn. clunium inferiores (N. cutaneus femoris posterior)
Fig. 1 1 84 Vessels and nerves of the peri neum, Reg i o perinealis, a n d the female exte rnal g e n italia . Organa g e n italia fem i n i na externa.
�
Kid ney
Pelvic viscera a n d retro p e ritoneal space
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry b la d d e r
Abdomen, median section
-
Oesophagus
Plexus venosus . vertebralis intern us anterior, V. basivertebralis
Hepar, Area nuda Sternum, Corpus Sternum, Proc. xiphoideus
���-+-- Gaster, Cardia
'I'!!-r-"";H-- Fornix gastric us
A. gastroduodenalis •
��rlIf----Ir+-- Pancreas,
Ductus pancreaticus
A. mesenterica superior .
"lfr----:ff-rt-- Colon transversum ... ctft.-....-"I
Pars lumbalis . ---;i-"'-;rb:rfitlWllIol diaphragmatis
Linea alba
V. renalis dextra •
,.__--��.. ���r_-- Jl eILnUm
Filum termlnale '
-'1,:-�-- Omentum majus "'�"T"."�-1-_- Peritoneum viscerale
V. mesenterica superior .
A il,aca communis • ----E--f1h'r=-4!.' -iF==-='9:..-t�• • dextra V iliaca communis • ---I"--f-,H';c,(,I�� dextra Cauda equina Promontorium --+��'"
Colon sigmoideum
Glandula vesiculosa ---r.-'-'-�:l!t..JJl
Ampulla recti ---H"':'--�JIr.I Os coccygis
M sphincter ani . extern us M levator ani, • M, pubococcygeus M transversus perinel • profundus
-f-"--- Anulus umbilicalis rf.�".:.t'--ii-'-':'F--- Cavltas per�onealis
;."'--7filrilfo=o.....l-q--- • A. jejunalis
--'�,..�n:::::'t-g--
Plica transversa recti Os sacrum
Prostata
tll"'.,..-';'/--- Peritoneum parietale
Ileum
�-:r.t--- • M rectus abdominis
=r--- Vesica urinaria ,�,;O-'":tb-:l---- . M pyramidalis
"':;�r-fI�r-z..:.�--- Os pubis
I. f��i--- Lig fundiforme penis
t;Jli*'liiI.fJ�-- Corpus spongiosum penis
Corpus cavernosum penis
Tunica albuginea corporum cavernasarum
.,---- Septum scroti Preputium penis
Tunica vaginalis testis, Lamina visceralis cremaster • Tunica dartos
Fig. 1 1 85 Abdomen, Abdo m e n , a n d pelvis , Pelvis, of the m a le ; median sect i o n .
Genitalia
R ectum
To p o g ra p hy
Sections
Abdomen, sagittal section
Pulmo dexter. Lobus inferior Lig falciforme
Recessus phrenicomediastinalis
Hepar. Lobus sinister
M. rectus abdominis
•
•
Pars sternalis . diaphragmatis Gaster
•
A hepatica propria . ---r-Ii--,wL Caput pancreatis; Ductus pancreaticus
-I"it--..lj��::!!!!
;,:5o"i",...= ., -1,
_-1L\!-�}f-���--1,-�!
Ductus choledochus [biliarls) V. portae hepatis • Ornentum majus, _--:''-'I---:r-:Lig. gastrocolicum \ Colon transversum
1�����
Omentum majus
Caput pancreatis, Proc uncinatus V mesenterica . superior A
V. cava inferior
Nodi Iyrnphoidei retrocavales • •
V. renalis dextra
A. renalis dextra
Ouodenl.1m
•
Linea alba
--�lQ�\I��·
Nodi Iymphoidei ileocolici ---t:-:::*� lIel.1m M
Pars lumbalis diaphragmatis
• •
M.
A. iliaca communis
V. iliaca comml.1nis
Os sacrum
N. sacralis [81 )
Rectum
--.3r��
•
rectus abdominis • ---''tr..�,. Cavitas peritonealis
erector spinae
_..J\f!�����Oii!!I�i!i!l�
Vesica urinaria --��� ii'lt"-;-o:--:-,�III:!III
Corpus ossis pubis --l��"':':'�"&,!1
Lig fl.1ndiforme penis ----.:y.:.�.
Corpl.1S cavernosum penis
Fig. 1 1 86 Abd omen, Abdomen, and pelvis, Pelvis, of the male; sag i tta l section to the right of the median pla n e .
piriformis
Excavatio rectovesicalis Dl.1ctl.1s deferens
Glandula vesicl.1losa Rectum • (M sacrococcygel.1s) � ---�1.flJ R. dexter Pars costal is; Diaphragma . Pars lumbalis, Crus dextrum
Recessus splenicus Hilum splenicum; Nodi Iymphoidei splenici
HeJ'HIfrlf-- Splen [Lien]
Lobus hepatis dexter
V. cava inferior .
Cauda pancreatis
Ductus thoracicus
Pleura parietalis, Pars costal is V. hemiazygos; N. splanchnicus major Aorta; Diaphragma; N. splanchnicus minor N. thoracicus [T12]
M serratus posterior inferior . N. splanchnicus minor � M, longissimus thoracis •
•
Vertebra thoracica XII, Proc. spinosus Mm multifidi
Fig. 1 1 9 3 Abd o m e n , Abd o m e n ; transverse secti o n t h ro u g h the upper abdomen at the level of the i nterve rtebral disc between the eleven t h thoracic and fi rst lumbar vertebra; with the exce ption of the omental bursa hig hlighted i n yellow g reen the perito n e u m is coloured in blue.
Colon transversum
Lig falciforme
Lig. teres ne�)atls -
Jejunum
� _ _
Pancreas
Hepar, Lobus caudatus
Colon descendens
Hepar, Lobus dexter ---V. portae hepatis ---
- Aorta
_ _ _
V. cava inferior ----
Pars lumbalis diiaphrclgnlatlis -----
____
Costa X ------'
---- Splen [Lien] ---- Ren sinister
M. latissimus dorsi ---Costa XI
---- M. erector spinae
Ren dexter Costa XII
Vertebra lumbalis, Corpus vertebrae
Fig. 1 1 94 Abdomen, Abd o m e n ; computed tomog raphic sectio n l eT) at the level of the fi rst lumbar vertebra. The i ntestine is partia lly fi lled with a cont rast m ed i u m .
�
Pelvic visce ra a n d ret ro p e ritoneal space
K i d n ey
S u p ra re n a l g la n d
U r i n a ry b la d d e r
Upper abdomen, transverse sections Vesica blliBns
Hepar, Lobus sinister V, portae hepatis • Lig, teres hepatis
Gaster
Nodus Iymphoideus pancreaticus Jejunum
Pleura parietalis, Pars costalis
Costa IX Hepar, Lobus dexter Cosis X
"�ff!ic'�--I- Colon
descen dens
-I--�
A, 'li ��r:pr-:t"JjMf--t-- . renalis � C
Reglo lemons poslerlor
Fossa poplitea
.t---- Caput fibulae
Tuberositas tibiae---;FofI
Regio cruris ----.. anterior
Sulcus glutealis
--4---- Regio genus posterior,
Regio genus anterior, ---t.... Patella Caput fibulae----i
-A.-..... -- M. gastrocnemius ... ....:. -1' --
Margo anterior (Tibia) ----'!,01
Regio cruris posterior, Sura
Malleolus medialis (Tibia)
Malleolus medialis (Ti
Malleolus lateralis (Fibula)
Malleolus lateralis
+-i8!:--- Dorsum pedis
Digitus minimus [quintus] Digitus quartus
Fig. 1 2 1 5
M. gluteus maxim us
Lower l i m b , M e m brum i nferi us.
Fig. 1 2 1 6
Lower limb, Membrum i nferi u s .
I
Mu scles
Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Knee
Sections Leg
Foot
Skeleton of the lower limb, overvIew
Cingulum pelvicum
� , -:-----=="'-----:-;'--- Articulatio sacroiliaca
Os �oxae Coxa
�--'--t--- Substantia spongiosa
Fossa intercondylaris
Epicondylus medialis
Condylus lateralis
Labium meciale
Labium laterale
Fig. 1 247 Femur, Fem u r ; m e d i a l view.
}
Cavitas medullaris Linea aspera
Fig. 1 249 Fem u r, Fe mur; c ross-section t h rough the m i d d le of the shaft; d istal view.
�
Lowe r L i m b
S k e leton
S u rface � ��
Overview Pelvis
Hip joint
M rectus femoris. Tendo ---�,.. '>.c _�_
Llg lliofemorale
{
Pars descendens Pars
fransversal':;:::"2�l
Membrana obturatoria
Trochanter major --��
Trochanter minor
Fig. 1 250 H i p j o i nt. Artic u Latio coxae; ventrod istaL view.
Lig sacrospinale ----........
}
Caput reflexum
-\----- Caput rectum
Lig iliofemorale
Lig sacrotuberale ---..;:...
Collum femoris
Trochanter major
Trochanter minor
Tuberositas glutea
Fig. 1 25 1 H i p joint. ArticuLatio coxae ; d o rsaL view.
M u scles
M. rectus femoris. Tendo
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Knee
S e ct i o n s Leg
Foot
Hip joint
Caput rectum
M. rectus femoris, Tendo
iliofemorale
Caput reflexum ----�
Canalis obturatorius Os pubis, Facies symphysialis
Caput femoris ---ff:?-':5IH.-
Lig pubofemorale
Lig, capitis femoris
Membrana obturatoria
)
caput rectum M. reClus
Fig. 1 252 H i p joint. Articulatio coxa e ; t h e articular capsule has b e e n opened a n d the h ead of the fe m u r has been pa rtly exart i c u late d ; laterod istal view.
Caput rellexum
femoris, Tendo
Lig, lIiofemorale;
capsula articularls Facies lunata
Fossa acetabuli
"1,J"'k�r--�r--- Lig. capitis femoris
=:!:::::;;;;;,1��_ ::>�:'-'-- Canalis obturatorius
Fig. 1 253 H i p joint, Articulatio coxa e ; aspect o f the a cetabulum after removal o f t h e a rti c u la r capsule a n d exarticu lation o f t h e head of t h e fem u r ; laterodistal view.
M tensor fasciae latae
M. gluteus medius
transversum acetabuli Lig ischiofemorale; Capsula articularis
Facies lunata Cavitas articularis Caput femoris .....;"':"..\11":"",1..--- Fossa acetabuli l�";';�Mlr--- Lig, capitis femoris
--...�mrJ .:;IT'�f-E\"11ti� Jj�J , .fl "''''•.·'J
M. gluteus mlnimus
--��:::lW:�frfl�'-If.�H'¥�;'I,' �a-:-::HfGI�f.lfTJ,�I1f.-l..,J-:;'"
II
-
Zona orbicularis ---1�J.1a:lJ.jrH�t"7�7-�;:,jr.J.'" Fossa trochanterica --1�1Lt� Trochanter maior --........ ..j ��I!f.-1li�H\���:I••,{
.. ���i-'-* M gluteus maximus, Tendo' --....h Bursa trochanterica musculi ---ti":1i+.tI-�H glutei maximi Bursa trochanterica musculi glutei medii
-1��f.lHr;-n
_ _
Tractus iliotibialis _--1I7"p'!k\T'T" ti
,�*-+r"""&�..... -- Fovea capitis femoris \',.,;"llr�--- M. obturatorius
�;;����E�g�����--
internus
-+T...-'!in:;:;,.�I\!01�+-- Collurn femoris ;. #�:..:..:....:;;:;...;.--r �
I
Labrum acetabuli
!!!__!P'"---- M. obturatorius extern us
M, Iliopsoas, Tendo (j�1Jiut..::,o;�:i;����;---
�i;?;n;,H.1-JoI-":"��1!Iy.��---- Trochanter minor
M. vastus lateralis
Fig. 1 254 H i p joint, Articulatio coxae; vertical section at the plane of the a n g le of a ntetorsion Radiations into the iliotibial t ract •
.
�
Lowe r L i m b
S ke Leton
S u rface ���
O v e rview
Hip joint, radiography
Articulatio sacroir.aca
Corpus ossis ilium
Unea terminalis
Fossa acetabuli
Caput femoris
Fovea capitis femoris
Collum femoris
Trochanter major
Foramen obturatum
Tuber ischiadicum
Femur, Corpus
Fig. 1 255 H i p joint, Art i c u latio coxae ; AP-ra d iogra p h ; upright position o n both legs.
Trochanter minor
Clin ical term: acetabular roof � tangenlial p rojection of the lu nate surface .. Clinical term : edge of the acetabular roof the most lateral projection of the acetabulum **. Clinical term: KOHLER's t eard rop � projection of the acetabular fossa �
E:--:.;....!�- Os ilium Incisura ischiadica major
Caput femoris
. -I-- Cavitas articularis' -......:J .. �-=::--:-;;��-!:��-----p..._-t!-_ Spina ischiadica
_ _ ...:. ...
Trochanter major
...�--
-+--_ Incisura ischiadlca
__ _
-�--'---.lI-- Foramen obturatum
Trochanter minor -4';-=�,:.o;-.i!'
Fig. 1 256 H i p joint, Art i c u latio coxa e ; AP-ra d iogra p h ; supine position with the t h i g h abd ucted and flexed Iso-ca lled LAUENSTEIN projection!.
minor
-= -"-o_____�_
_ _ _
•
Tuber ischiadicum
Due to m i nimal absorption o f X-rays b y cartilage, the a rticular cleft a ppears a bnorma lly broad
M us c l e s Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Knee
S e ct i o n s Leg
Fo ot
Femur
Epicondylus lateralis Condylus laleralis Sulcus popliteus --it::'-'':''''
Fig. 1 257 Fem u r, Fem u r ; d i stal extrem ity; lateral view.
Epicondylus medialis
Epicondylus lateralis
Condylus medialis
Condylus lateralis
Fig. 1 258 Fem u r, Fem u r ; d istal extre m i ty; d istal view.
Cavitas meduliaris
Substantia spongiosa Linea epiphysialis
Epicondylus lateralis
Sulcus popliteus --���"\
Condylus lateralis - _____ -
Epicondylus medialis - Condylus medialis ........ .. iiII . ..."----
Fig. 1 259 Fem ur, Femur; frontal sect i o n thro u g h the d ista l part ; ve ntral view.
�
Lowe r l i m b
S u rface
I S keleton I
���
Overview Pelvis
Tibia
Condylus lateralis
Facies artlcularls
Condylus medialis
fibularis
Corpus tibiae
Margo anterior
Foramen nutricium
Facies lateralis Margo
n Ulrlclum Foramen
Facies lateralls
Facies posterior
Facies medialis
inlerosseus
Facies articularis fibularis
Eminentia intercondylaris Area intercondylaris posterior Linea musculi solei
Facies posterior
Ma;.ll0
Margo
Margo
anlerior
Inlerosseus
Margo interosseus
madi is
Facias laleralls
Corpus tibiae
Incisura fibularis
Facies articularis malleoli
medialis
--I.�'.���
Facies articularis
inferior
Fig. 1 260 T i b i a , T i b i a ; ventral view.
Facies articulans inferior
Facies articularis malleoli medialis
Facies articularos malleoli medialis
Fig. 1 262 Tibia, Tibia; d o rsal view.
Fig. 1 26 1 Tibia, T i b i a ; lateral view.
Area intercondylans anterior
Tuberositas tibiae
Tuberculum intercondylare laterale
Condylus medialis' ----l:--
Condylus lateralis'
Tuberculum intercondylare mediale
Fig. 1 263 Tibia, Tibia, a n d fibula, Fibula; prox i m a l view. * The a rticular surfaces of the condyles together are referred to as superior a rticula r s u rface
Caput fibulae
Articulatio tibiofibularis
M u s c le s
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Knee
Sec t i o n s Leg
Foot Tibia and fibula
Apex capitis fibulae
Facies articularls capitis fibulae
Apex capitis fibulae
Caput fibulae
Caput fibulae
Collum fibulae Crista medialis
Margo interosseus
Facies medialis Margo � anterior
Linea
musculi
solei
Margo posterior
Foramen nutricium Corpus fibulae
Margo anterior Facies lateralis
Co;eus
Corpus libiae
fibu ae
Facies posterior
Facies articularis malleoli lateral is
Sulcus malleolaris
Fossa malleoli
lateralls
Fig. 1 264 Fibula, Fibula; med ial view.
Malleolus lateralis
- -..-- Sulcus malleolaris
Fig. 1 266 Tibia, Tibia, a n d f i b u l a , Fibula; d o rsal view.
Fig. 1 265 F i b u la , F i b u la ; latera l view.
Facies lateral is Membrana Interossea cruris
Facies medialis
Margo anterior Corpus fibulae Facies posterior Crista medialis
Fig. 1 267 T i bia, Tibia, a n d f i b u la , F i b u l a ; c ross-section with the i n terosseous membrane of leg ; d istal view. • Opening for the a nterior tibial artery
Corpus tibiae
�
S keleto n
S u rface
Lowe r l i m b
���
Overview Pelvis
PateLLa and knee joint
Basis patellae
-------..,.A'l- Facies articularis
Facies anterior
Apex patellae
Apex patellae
Fig. 1 268 Patella, Patella ; ve ntral view.
Bursa subcutanea prep,,(ellarts
Fig. 1 269 Patella, Patella ; dorsal view.
Facies articularis, Cartilago articularis Retinaculum patellae mediale
Articulatio genus (Articulatio femoropatellaris)
��IIII �����r--
Retinaculum patellae laterale
(Plica synovial is mediopatellaris)
��:>..,l�lLI,'l,-- Facies patellaris, Cartilago articularis ���'rt-':':'--li:-,,"---
Epicondylus lateralis ---IJ""'ffff
M biceps femoris
M
{
collaterale
tiblale
----!Mt-?t.I.!\_ M . sartorius, Tendo
gastrocnemius, -----'�IUII�fi Caput laterale A poplitea
N. ischiadicus
Eplcondylus medialis
Ug
V. saphena magna
V poplitea
semimembranosus, Tendo
N fibularis communis N. tibialis
M. semitendinosus, Tendo
M . gastrocnemius, Caput mediale
Fig. 1 270 Knee j o i nt, Art i c u latio genus; c ross-secti o n . * M e d i a l border facet
M u s c le s
Hip
To p o g r a p h y Thigh
Knee
Sections Leg
Foot
Knee joint
Fe mur
M. articularis genus
Plica synovial is infrapatellaris
Condylus lateral is
Patella, --,t:�...:.... Facies
anterior
Lig collaterale fibulare
Retinaculum --IH-... patellae laterale Corpus adiposum infrapatellare
---l�-l-r-x�!;if;fiirim·�
Retinaculum patellae mediale
Facies
artlcularis
Capsula --'''--1articularis
Lig.
collaterale
fibulare
Bursa Infrapalellarls profunda
r:--:-Hi....- Patella.
lig, patellae
Fig. 1 27 1 Knee j o i nt, Articulatio genus; i ntact a rticular capsule ; ventral view,
Fig. 1 272 Knee j o i nt. Art i cu latio g e n u s ; the a nterior part o f the a rticular ca psule h a s b e e n reflected downwards after d issection of the q u a d riceps m u scle; the s u p rapatellar b u rsa has been o pened ; ve ntral view,
�
Lowe r L i m b
S u rfa ce
S keleton ���
Overview Pelvis
Knee joint
Facies patellaris
Lig. cruciatum posterius ** Condylus medialis
Condylus lateralis
Meniscus medialis
Meniscus lateralis Lig. capitis fibulae anterius ---iHH'l
Lig. cruciatum anterius *
Lig. transversum genus
Caput fibulae
Tuberositas tibiae
Fig. 1 273 Knee j o i nt. ArticuLatio genus; i n 90° flexio n ; the a rticuLa r capsuLe a n d t h e LateraL Ligaments have been removed ; ve ntraL view.
* Clinical term: ACl [= anterior cruciate ligamentl ** Clinical term : PCl [= po steri o r cruciate liga mentl
M. adductor magnus, Tendo M. gastrocnemius. Caput laterale
M. gastrocnemius, Caput mediale
Lig. collaterale fibulare
Lig popliteum obliquum
Lig. popliteum arcuatum
Lig. collaterale tibiale
M biceps femoris, Tendo
M. semimembranosus, Tendo
M. popliteus
Tibia
Fig. 1 274 Knee j o i nt, Art i c u Latio genus; i ntact a rt i c u La r ca psuLe with muscuLar origins; dorsaL view.
Membrana Interossea
cruris
M u s c le s
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Knee
Sections Leg
Foot
Knee joint
M. adductor magnus, Tendo
M. gastrocnemius, -----;l..rjj��� Caput mediale, Tendo
Femur, Condylus medialis ----+tf---
Lig meniscofemorale posterius - -....,,,......
-t-fiA�--- Lig. patellae
-,\:\t
-
.Il-----j.".,--- Meniscus lateralis
....+.--- Bursa infrapatellaris profunda
Lig. popliteum arcuatum M biceps femoris, Tendo
Fig. 1 278 Knee joint, Articulatio g e n u s ; synovial mem bra n e tightly fi lled after i njection of plastic materia l ; lateral view. Su bpopliteal recess n ot shown [compare Fig. 1 2791.
M, adductor magnus, Tendo
Lig. collaterale tibiale*
M, semimembranosus, Tendo -- ""'o:Ir..�. Meniscus medialis
Lig popliteum obliquum
Fig. 1 279 Knee j o i nt, Art i c u latio genus; synovial mem brane thig htly fi lled after i njection of plastic material; dorsal view. * Clinical term: M C l 1= medial collateral ligamentl ** C linical term: lCl 1= lateral collateral ligamentl
Lig. cruciatum posterius
Lig. meniscofemorale posterius M. gastrocnemius, Caput laterale Lig. collaterale fibulare** Meniscus lateralis
ofiIllilr.'it-- M. popliteus, Tendo
M. biceps femoris, Tendo Lig, popliteum arcuatum
M u s c le s
Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Knee
Sections Leg
Foot
Knee joint
Bursa infrapatellaris
Lig. cruciatum anterius
Meniscus medialis
A. media genus, (R. posterior)
Ug.
collate raja tiblale
Lig. cruciatum anterius
M. popliteus, Tendo
poplitea Ug. cruciatum posterius A.
Fig. 1 280 Menisci of the knee j oint, Articulatio genus, and cruciate ligaments, Ligg. cruciata ; proximal view.
Ug. collaterale fibulare A. inferior lateraJis genus
Fig. 1 28 1 Menisci of the knee joint, Articulatio genus; a rterial supply; proxi m a l view.
a Fig. 1 282 a, b lateral view.
D isplacement of the menisci d u ring flexio n ;
a Extended position
b Flexed position
Fig. 1 283 D i splacement of the menisci during flexio n ; proximal view. I n flexion, both menisci a re displaced posteriorly over the edges of the tibial condyles. The g reater mobility of the lateral men iscus accounts for its lesser risk of damage.
�
S u r face
Lower li m b
I
Skeleton
���
Overview
Knee joint, sections
�1!i-'�+-+-li!r----"'-2""I----- M. vastus medialis
M. vastus lateralis -----t-n-'-\\\rfHII
·""'t-'�ttt---'--'\l�J----- M. adductor mag�us. Tendo
Epicondylus lateralis -----'A-'-'o14!1foI
Lig. cruciatum anterius ----�-:tW���7"ilf.r:�ti". M. popliteus, Tendo ------ItHPr+;
Femur, Condylus lateralis
------\lr.-'It;\"it���
�\�·�.n�;[tfl,,1t---- Epicondylus medialis ""=-+11---- Lig. collaterale tibiale
����!i�����W��===
" �r..:--'-in,I-'n"---- Lig. cruciatum posterius ��.,.x;""�
Capsula articularis
Femur, Condylus medialis
Meniscus medialis
Tibia, Condylus medialis
Meniscus lateralls
Tibia, Condylus lateralis
Eminentia Intercondylaris M. soleus
M tibialis anterior
Fig. 1 284 Knee joint, Art i c u latio g e n u s ; frontal section .
Bursa suprapatellaris
[ FBaaCsIeispatelae FacAiepsex
M. quadriceps femoris, Tendo Femur, Facies patellaris
Patella
anteroor - --,...-'lw,;� -
artocularis ----i1If'-�#*_�.,�.
patellae ---' *I""�'iIr-�
Corpus adiposum infrapatellare ---- -\'t;....-t[
Meniscus lateralis, (Cornu anterius)
----1�1tr:1 :_�::::;;. ; - .:::
lig patellae Tibia, Condylus lateralis
M. tibialis anterior
Femur, Condylus lateral is Capsula articularis, Lig. popliteum arcuatum _-L�+--- Meniscus lateral is, (Cornu posterius)
-'1'----- M popliteus, Tendo I�+----- Recessus subpopliteus
Lig. capitis fibulae posterius Articulatio tibiofibularis M soleus
Fig. 1 285 Knee joint, Art i c u latio genus; sagittal section t h ro u g h the lateral part of the j o i nt.
I
M u s c le s
Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Knee
S e ct i o n s Leg
Foot
Knee joint, radiography
Corpus femoris
Basis patellae
Eplcondylus lateralis
Epicondylus medialis
Fossa intercondylaris Sulcus popliteus
Apex patellae
Femur, Condylus lateralis
Femur, Condylus medialis
Tibia, Condylus lateralis
)
Tibia, Condylus medialis Tuberculum intercondylare mediale
Apex capitis fibulae
Tuberculum intercondylare laterale
Articulatio tibiofibularis
Caput fibulae
Linea epiphysialis
Corpus fibulae
Corpus tibiae
Fig. 1 286 Knee joint, Articulatio g e n u s ; AP-ra d i o g ra p h w i t h the central b e a m d i rected onto the middle of the joint; subj ect rec lined.
Corpus femoris
Patella, Facies artlcularis
Facies poplitea
Apex patellae
Fossa intercondylaris
Femur, Condylus medialis Femur, Condylus lateralis
Eminentia intercondylaris
Linea epiphysialis
Apex capitis fibulae Articulatio tibiofibularis
Tuberositas tibiae
Caput fibulae
Corpus tibiae
Corpus fibulae
Fig. 1 287 Knee j o i n t , Art i c u latio genus; lateral rad i ograph with the centra l beam d i rected onto the m i d d le of the j o i n t ; s u bject reclined.
Eminentia intercondylaris
�
Lowe r li m b
Skeleton
S u rface ���
Overview
Knee joint, arthroscopy
Patella, Facies articularis '
Bursa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Arthroscope Inlet or outlet for the rinsing fluid Cold light source Ocular or connector for the video system Anterolateral access Anteromedial access Additional instrument
Fig. 1 288
suprapatellaris ••
Fig. 1 289 a-c Knee j o i nt, Art i c u latio genus; arthroscopy. a D i stal view i nto the femoro patellar j o i nt * Patellar roof ridge: ridge between the medial and lateral a rticular su rfaces ** CLinical term : suprapatellar recess
Accesses for a rt h roscopy.
Femur, Condylus lateralis
Femur.
Condylus lateralls
\ Femur
Condyius medialis
b
Medial view of the free inner edge of the lateral m e n iscus; retra ctor 1 * 1 slightly depressing the anterior part of the m e n iscus
c
Antero lateral view of the d istal part of the a nterior c ruc iate ligament. Lig. cruciatum anteri u s. The ligament is covered by a richly vascu larized synovia l mem b rane. I t i s d rawn media lly b y a retractor 1*1.
M u s c le s P e lv i s
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Knee
Sections Leg
Foot
Knee joint, imaging
M
Femur.
Condylus lateraUs
Condylus lateralis
Fossa intercondylaris
Capsula articularis; M gastrocnemius, Tendo
Meniscus lateralis, (Cornu posterius)
Femur. Condylus medialis Lig. coliaterale tibiale
M popliteus, Tendo
Meniscus medialis
Tibia, Condylus medialis
Facies a mcul arl s
superior.
Caput fibulae Articulatio tibiofibularis Tibia
Condylus lateralls
Memscus lateralis, (Comu anterlus) Corpus adiposum infrapatellare Llg. patellae
Llg cO llate rsl s fibulare
Fig. 1 290 Knee joint, Articulatio g e n u s ; m a g n e t i c resonance tomogra p h i c i mage [ M R l i ; frontal section; knee i n the extended position. I n this imaging technique. compact bone a p pears b lack.
Fig. 1 29 1 Knee joint, Articulatio genus; magnetic resona nce tomogra p h i c i mage [ M R l i ; sagittal section t h ro u g h t h e lateral part o f t h e j o i n t ; k n e e i n the exte nded position. 1 291 1 292a 1 292b
Fossa intercondylaris
Capsula articularis, Lig popliteum obliquum Lig cruciatum anterius
Capsula articularis, Lig. popliteum obliquum
Lig. cruciatum posterius '
Lig cruciatum posterius Area intercondylaris anterior
a
Area intercondylaris posterior
b
Corpus adiposum Inlrap a lellare
Fig. 1 292 a, b Knee j o i nt, Articulatio g e n u s ; m a g n e t i c resonance tomogra p h i c i mage [ M R l i ; sagittal sections t o demonstrate t h e cruciate ligaments; knee i n the extended position.
a Anterior cruciate ligament, Lig. cruciatum anterius, b •
[ACLi
Posterior c ruc iate ligament, Lig. cruciatum posteri us, i P C Li The i n homogeneity is d u e to oblique sectioning of the fibre bundles.
�
Lower L i m b
Surface
Skeleton ���
Joints of the bones of the leg
Articulatio tibiofibularis, Lig. capitis fibulae anterius Caput fibulae Tuberositas tibiae
��.-- Membrana interossea cruris
Malleolus lateralis
Malleolus medialis
Syndesmosis tibiofibularis, Lig. tibiofibulare anterius
Fig. 1 293 J o i nts of the bones of t h e leg ; ventral view.
Facies articularis inferior Facies articularis malleoli medialis
Malleolus lateralis Facies articularis malleoli lateralis
Malleolus medialis
Fig. 1 294 Tibia, Ti bia. a nd f i b u la , Fibula; d ista l view.
Overview
M u sc le s Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Knee
Sections Leg
Foot
Skeleton of the foot
Phalanx distalis
Fig. 1 295 Skeleton of the foot, Ossa pedis; p roximal view.
Phalan� media Phalanx proximal is Caput phalangis
Corpus phalangis
Caput ossis metatarsI
Basis phalangis
Corpus ossis metatarsi BasIs ossis metatarsi __Ik-- Os cuneiforme
laterale
Hallux [Digitus primus] Digitus secundus III Digitus tertius IV Digitus quartus V Digitus minimus [quintus]
Tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti Caput tali Talus
Proc. lateralis tali Trochlea tali
Caput phalangis 1-111
Calcaneus
Phalanx distalis Phalanx media Phalanx proximalis
BaSIS phalangis 1-111
Ossa dlgilarum
[Phalanges)
Ossa metatarsi I-V
Ossa sesamoidea
"' o.l!F-'--'''' - Tuberositas ossis metatarsi primi
Basis ossis -1--4-....., metatarsi III-V
Os cuneiforme medlale
Os cuneiforme intermedium
Tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti
Os cuneiforme laterale
Sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi
Proc lateralis tuberls calcanei
Tuberositas ossis navicularis
ProC.
Sustentaculum tali medialis
tuberis calcanei
Fig. 1 296 Skeleton of the foot, Ossa ped i s ; plantar view.
�
Lowe r L i m b
I
Su rface
���
S keleto n Overview
I
Skeleton of the foot
Caput tali
Collum tali
O s cuneiforme Inlermedlum
Talus
·�f�I:::ij!�
..
J/ ...._.'.r
_
-... .. _ ..... . _
Proc. posterior
Tuberculum -\-�mtali,:ediale
_ _
Sustentaculum tali
•'---1--- Calcaneus, Proc. medi alis luberls calcanei
SulCUs lendlms musculi llexoris hallucis
Basis ossis metatarsi hallucis
longi
Os cuboideum, Tuberositas ossis cuboidei
Fig. 1 297 Skeleton of the foot, Ossa pedis; medial view.
Ossa tarsi Articulatio tarsi transversa'
Talus
Collum
Os cuneiforme intermedium
, _ lall ---:---- � -T =_
Trochlea lall-_
_ _ _ _ _ _
Faoles malleolarls ---t'-----�:.. laleralis
r-
Proc. poslenor lall,-, TuberCUlum laterale
.
_ _
�
- � � -i
Ossa digitorum [Phalanges]
Calcaneus ---+-�::. Trochlea l�bIJlans'--+-\---';'':-'�=Tuber calcanei ---+--'....�.
Tuberositas essis metatarsi V
Articulationes tarsometatarsales"
Fig. 1 298 Skeleton of the foot, Ossa pedis; lateral view. * s o C H O PART's joint ** s o LlSFRANC's oint
Al : Al :
j
Caput ossis metatarsi V
M u s c le s P e lv i s
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Knee
Sect ions Foot
Leg
Talus and calcaneus
Caput tali
Facies articularis navicularis Caput tali --....,.l1li
Corpus tali Proc. posterior tali. Tuberculum medials
Sulcus tendinis muscutl flsxorls hallucis longi
!
-
ealcanea anterior
Proc lateralis tali
Facies malleolaris medialis
Facies artlcularis
calcanea media
Facies artlculans - -,.;;......
��-+-- Collum tali
, l l " ---E-''--- Facies malleolaris lateralis Trochlea tali, Facies superior Proc posterior tali . Tuberculum laterale
Collum tali
-
-.. t--�
_ _
Corpus tali
Proc lateralis tali
Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi
Facies articularis calcanea posterior
Proc posterior tali
Fig. 1 300 Ta lus, Ta lus ; plantar view.
Fig. 1 299 Ta lus, Talus; proximal view.
Facies articularis talaris posterior
Facies articularis talaris anterJor-----t�
Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi
Facies articularis cuboidea -----J�
Proc. medialis tuberis calcanei
Fig. 1 30 1 Calcaneus, Calcaneus; medial view.
Facies articularis talaris
Facies articularis talaris media Facies articularis talaris anterior Sulcus calcanei Facies articularis cuboidea Sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi
Tuber calcanei ---"'It:-=
Fig. 1 302 Ca lca neus, Ca lca neus; latera l vi ew.
�
Lowe r L i m b
Skeleton
Surface ���
Overview Pelvis
Tarsal bones
as metatarsi II
as metatarsi III
as metatarsi I ----t-�
as metatarsi IV
II
Caput ossis metatarsi Tubero�ltas ossi$ metatarsi prim I
V
as cuneiforme mediale ----:-...;..:..:;y � as cunelforme intermedium ---P�IIi!I"'--.H�-.I� as cuneiforme laterale
Basis OSSIS metatarsi
Tuberositas 05sls metatarsi qulnti
---'"-c,.-"='-'----�--'..:-"'!!:.... .!!..:;:;, . ..
-
as naviculare ----'::c;;,
Tuberositas ossis navicularis --�k'
Caput tali --�-"I� ' Collum tali --E"'-::II
Facies malleolaris medialis Talus
as metatarsi V
Corpus os sis metatarsi
(Facies articularis calcanea)
---
Trochlea tali ----'r----�
Facies malleolans lateralis
1
Os cuboideum*
Facies artlcularis cuboidea
__��
Facies articularis talaris anterior
Facies artlcularis talaris media
��...;� ;. -""-�-- Sulcus calcanei
Tuberculum mediale . . musculi. Proc, tendlnls posterior Sulcus flexons hallucls long I tali Tuberculum laterale
Facies articularis talaris posterior
Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Fig. 1 303 Ta rsa l bones, Ossa tarsi, a n d metatarsal bones, Ossa metatars i ; proximal view, * The cuboid bone is shown In a medial view.
)
Proc. lateralis tuberis calcanei Tuber . Proc. medialis calcanei tuberis calcanei
M u s c le s
Calcaneus
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Knee
Sections Foot
Leg
Skeleton of the foot
Ossa cuneiformia --�1"-7
.-\.._�""'-- Ossa cuneiformla
Os naviculare ---#--
Os cuboideum ---+-
--\-- 05 naviculare
Talus
Calcaneus ------.J--
Calcaneus
The heads of aLL metatarsaL bones Lie i n the pLantar pLane. The cuneiform bones, the navicuLar bone a n d the taLus rest upon the LateraL pa rts of t h e skeLeton, especiaLLy i n the posterior p a rt of the foot. The taLus i s therefore situated a bove the caLcaneus and the LongitudinaL a rch i s formed. The wedg e-shaped cross-section of the c u neiform bones and the bases of t h e metatarsaL bones contribute t o the format i o n of the t ra n sverse vauLt.
Fig. 1 304 a, b SkeLeton of the foot, Ossa ped is; struct u ra L o rg a n isation. a Proxi m a L view b PLantar view
Ta l us
Hallux
{
Phalan� proximalls
--rr-t-- Calcaneus
Phalanx dislalis
Aponeurosis plantaris
Fig. 1 30 5 S upporting structures of t h e mediaL a rch of the LongitudinaL vau Lt of the foot; mediaL view.
abductor hallucis, Fascia M.
Lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare
The Ligaments s h own i n t h i s i llustration are mostly directed i n t h e LongitudinaL axis o f t h e foot a n d s u p po rt passiveLy the LongitudinaL va u Lt of the foot. The short m u scles of t h e foot prima riLy support t h is construct i o n .
�
Lowe r l i m b
Ske Leton
S u r face ���
Overview Pelvis
Joints of the foot
Lig.
coliateraJe mediaI e [deIIOldeum]
M. tibialis anterior, Tendo
M. tibialis posterior, Tendo
(
Fibula
Pars tibiotalaris posterior Pars tlblocalcanea Pars tlbiatalans antenor Pars tibionavicularis
""':-"'011'--- Tibls
Lig. tibiofibulare posterius Sustentaculum tall
Ligg. tarsometatarsalia plantaria
Lig calcaneo naviculare plantare
Sulcus tendlnis musculi fibularis longi
Lig plantare longum
Fig. 1 306 J o i nts of the foot, Art i c u lationes pedis; ligaments a n d tendons; medial view.
Lig. tibiofibulare anterius Lig. talofibulare anterius
talocalcaneum interosseum
Malleolus lateralis
Lig. cuboideonaviculare dorsale
Ligg_ cuneonavicularia dorsalia
Tendo calcaneus*
Lig calcaneo naviculare
Lig . bifurcatum
fibularis [peroneus] brevis, Tendo
Fig. 1 307 J o i nts of the foot, Articulationes pedis; ligaments a n d tendons; lateral view. * ALso: Achilles tendon
M u s c le s
Ligg metatarsalia transversa profunda
Hip
To p o g r a p h y Thigh
Knee
S e ct i o n s Leg
Foot
AnkLe joint
Lig tibiofibulare posterius
Lig , talofibulare posterius
Malleolus medialis
Lig. collaterale mediale, Pars tibiotalaris posterior
Malleolus lateralis
Lig. collaterale mediale, Pars tibiocalcanea ---H'D\ Lig. talocalcaneum posterius Talus Lig calcaneofibulare
Lig. talocalcaneum mediale
Tendo calcaneus'
Tuber calcanei
Fig. 1 308 J o i nts of the foot, Art i c u lationes ped i s ; ligaments a n d tendons o f t h e posterior part o f t h e foot. * Also: Achilles tendon
Membrana interossea cruris ---I""","""....
Lig, tibiofibulare anterius
Facies articularis inferior
---,""''::''''fo-y''"'/
Facies articularis malleoli medialis Facies articularis malleoli lateralis
--+--4"-
Malleolus lateralis -.-..,..- ..
Malleolus medialis
.: '�ii..L_- Sulcus malleolaris Lig tibiofibulare posterius
Fig. 1 309 An kle j o i nt, Art i c u latio talocrura l i s ; proximal a rticular surfaces; d i stal vi ew.
Lowe r li m b
�
Skeleton
S u rfa ce ���
Overview
Joints o f the foot Fig. 1310
J o i nts of the foot, Articulationes ped i s ; plantar view. •
With t h e long plantar ligament t h e g roove for the tend on of the fi bularis lon g u s muscle is enclosed i n a c a n a l.
Ligg coliateralia
ligg. plantaria lig. metatarsale transversum profundum
---'I�_--lHllf>¥ Basis OSSIS metatarsi
I
Ligg tarsometatarsalia plantaria Os cunelforme mediale Tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti
Ligg cuneonavicularia plantana lig. cuboideonaviculare plantare Tuberositas ossis navicularis
Lig. calcaneo· cuboideum plantare
Lig calcaneonaviculare plantare
Sustentaculum tali Llg coliaterale mediale, Pars tibiocalcanea Articulationes metatarsophalangeae Proc. medialis tuberis calcanei
Os sesamoideum
Lig. metatarsale transversum profundum
--tl.::t"I!:+ .....,,'"
ligg. metatarsalia plantana
M
-- "'4't"-:;,?
fibularis [peroneus] brevis, Tendo Tuberositas ossis cuboidei
"tMoL__ Llgg tarsometa· tarsalia plantaria
i1llit--- ligg. tarsi plantana
lig. cuboideo· naviculare plantare
lig calcaneonavlculare plantare
Fig. 131 1
J o i nts of the foot, Art i c u lationes pedis; ligaments a n d tendons of the tarsus a nd metata rsu s ; plantar view.
Ltg. calcaneocuboideum plantare
M u sc l e s
Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Knee
S e ct i o n s Leg
Foot
Talotorsal joint
Ligg. tarsometatarsalia dorsalia Os metatarsi I I
O s metatarsi
O s metatarsi I
Ligg intercuneiformia dorsalia
IV
Os metatarsi
"'�f76�nt1�
_ _
V
Tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti Lig. cuneocuboideum dorsale
Ligg . cuneonavicularia dorsalia
Os cuboideum Lig calcaneonaviculare Lig. calcaneocuboideum
Os naviculare
} Lig. bifurcatum
M. flbularis [peroneus] brevis, Tendo Lig , calcaneonavlculare plantare
Facies articularis talaris anterior
Ug. talocalcaneum interosseum Lig talofibulare anterius
Facies articularis talaris media Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum Facies articularis talaris posterior
�"",",1!-- Lig. deltoideum
Lig. calcaneofibulare Calcaneus
Fig. 1313
Fig. 1312
Ta lotarsa l jo i nt, Art i c u latio talotarsa lis; p rox i m a l a rt i c u la r s u rfaces; d istal vi ew.
Ta lotarsal j o i nt , Arti culatio talotarsa lis; d i stal a rticular surfaces; p roxi m a l view.
Os naviculare (Facies articularis talaris) Lig cuboideonaviculare dorsale
Facies articularis talaris media Facies articularis talaris posterior
Lig. talocalcaneum Tnterosseum
Fig. 1314
Ta lotarsa l j o i nt, Art i c u latio talotarsa lis; the talus a n d the lateral liga ments have been removed; latera l vi ew. The two a rrows point out the helical d istorsion of the ta loca lca neal i nterosseous ligament.
Lig calcaneonavTculare Lig, calcaneocuboideum
•
. I Lig. bifurcatum
Tight connective tissue layer between the plantar calcaneonavicula r ligament a n d t h e tibionavicular part o f t h e deltoid ligament l i m i t i n g a medially directed g l i d i n g o f the head o f the t a l u s ; slacke n i n g o f this layer results i n flattening of the long itudinal vault [flat-foot, pes valgusl
�
S keleton
S u rfa ce
Lowe r li m b
� ��
Ove rview
Ankle and talotarsal joint, sections
Metaphysis, Linea epiphysial is Articulatio talocruralis
Syndesmosis
Ubiofibularis
Tibia, Malleolus medialis
Metaphysis, Linea epiphysial is
Lig collaterale mediale, Pars tibiocalcanea
Corpus tali
M tibialis posterior, Tendo
Fibula, Malleolus lateralis
Vagina tendinis musculi tibialis posterioris
Lig, talofibulare posterius
M. flexor digitorum longus, Tendo Va\l ina tendinis musculi flexoris digltorum longi Retinaculum musculorum flexorum
Lig. calcaneofibulare
Articulatio subtalaris
Retinaculum musculorum fibularium [peroneorum) superius M. fibularis [peroneus) brevis, Tendo
Articulatio subtalaris
Lig, talocalcaneum interosseum
--'\rt�r.;
_ _
Vagina communis tendinum _--m'(\] musculorum fibularium [peroneorum)
N.
M, fibularis [peroneus) longus, Tendo
plantaris medialis
(V plantaris medialis)
A plantaris medialis
Retinaculum musculorum fibularium [peroneorum) inferius
M abductor hallucis
Calcaneus
M. quadratus plantae A.; N, plantaris lateralis; (V. plantariS lateralis)
M abductor digiti minimi Aponeurosis plantaris
flexor digitorum brevis
Fig. 1315
Ankle a n d talotarsal joint, Articulationes talocruralis et ta lotarsa lis; fronta l section,
M. flexor hallucis longus extensor hallucis longus M. triceps surae, --4/04Tendo calcaneus
Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum
Articulatio talocruralis
Articulatio subtalaris Articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis
}
.....",.. .. ",......,. . -'.i'I . hi,...= . ...:....,. . .... .
(Articulatio talotarsalis)
M, fibularis [peroneus) longus, Tendo
-
-r.'':'_ ''' �IA
�;lfI�i.1
Calcaneus --�4�"'-"':,:-J:.!'"
Tuber calcanei
Aponeurosis plantaris M, flexor digitorum brevis
Lig plantare longum M quadratus plantae
Fig. 1316
M adductor hallucis, Caput obliquum
An kle a n d talotarsa l joint, Articulationes talocruralis et talotarsalis ; sagittal sect ion. • Fat pad of the heel
Articulatio metalarsophalangea (Digitus II)
M u sc les P e lv i s
Hip
To p o g r iJ p h y Thigh
Sec t i o n s
L eg
Foot
Ankle and talotarsal joint, radiography
Fibula 1lbia
Linea epiphysialis
Syndesmosis tibiofibularis Trochlea tali
Articulatio talocruralis
Malleolus medialis
Talus
Malleolus lateralis
Fig. 1317
Ankle j o i nt, Art i c u latio talocru ralis; AP-radiogra p h with the s u bj ect recli ned a n d the central beam d i rected tangentia lly onto the troch lea of talus.
•
Clinically, the posterior border of the fibular notch is a lso referred to as the third ma lleolus.
Fibula
TIbia
Linea epiphysial is"
Articulatio talocruralis Trochlea tali Malleolus medialis Proc. posterior tali Malleolus lateralis Articulatio subtalaris
•
Collum tali Sinus tarsi
Caput tali Articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis
Sustentaculum tali
•
==. �-- Os naviculare
Tuber calcanei
Fig. 1318
Ankle and talota rsa l j o i nt, Art i c u lationes talocruralis et ta lotarsa lis; AP-ra d i o g ra p h with the s u bject rec li ned a n d the central beam d i rected tangentia lly onto the apex of the troch lea of talus.
•
**
Due to their helical d l storsio n , the joint clefts are not displayed orthogonally. Overlapping epi physeal lines of the t i b i a and fibula
1 -7 1428, 1429 1
�
Lower li m b
S ke le t o n
S u rface ���
Fasciae of the lower limb
Spina iliaca anterior superior
,
/
M tensor fasciae latae
r Margo falciformis l
Cornu superius Cornu inferius
Lig. inguinale
Funiculus spermaticus
---1H:-----;:----\;K
V saphena magna
Tractus iliotibialis
Retinaculum ---r- patellae laterale Caput fibulae
�"""I""'-_ Hiatus saphenus, Fascia cribrosa
--;:--;:,If--- Patella I..I��"""-- Bursa subcutanea prepatellaris
-�"I--- Lig, patellae �"'.,,1Jf--- Bursa subcutanea infrapatellaris
Fascia cruris nbia, Margo anterior
_.-- nbia. Facies medialis .;r.."':::II--- M tibialis anterior, Tendo
Retinaculum musculorum extensorum superius M. extensor digitorum longus, Tendines
----1;...,.,::-
"7Mf--- Retinaculum musculorum
extensorum inferius M. extensor hallucis brevis
M, extensor hallucis longus, Tendo Fascia dorsalis pedis
Fig. 1319
Fascia lata, Fascia lata , a n d deep fascia of leg, Fascia cruris. The transition zone between the a po neurosis of the external oblique abdomina l muscle a nd the fascia lata is known a s i n g u i n a l liga ment. T h i s l i g a m e n t extends latera lly from the a nterior superior iliac spine to its atta c h ment on the pubic tubercle media lly. •
Ope n i n g s in the fascia for the perforator v e i ns [DODD's veinsl
Overview
M uscles
Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Th i g h
Leg
S e ct i o ns Foot
Fasciae of the Lower Limb
Crista
lIIaca
---:::-�r.iit[!:;'lI .-t--- (Fascia glutea)
M tensor fasciae latae ;:"-:=-�I-- Sulcus glutealis Tractus
IlIotiblalis
_�-- Fascia lata
Fossa poplitea
(Fascia poplitea)
M gastrocnemius
-,!II'-- M. gastrocnemius, Tendo
Malleolus medialis
Fig. 1320
Fascia lata , Fascia lata, and deep fascia of leg , Fascia c ru ris.
�
S ke leton
S u rfa ce
Lower li m b
���
Muscles of the lower limb, overview
M. Iliopsoas
(
M I liacus M psoas major ---'-'-�"'"
M. tensor fasciae latae
...��"...-- M pectineus M. sartorius
;.,HI-:--;.,.-!p....
-
fr::,+tI1....--- M. adductor longus M vastus lateralis
_J"_�
-
M. gracilis M.
quadriceps femoris
M. rectus femoris
--"'�
M vastus medialis ---'-Il�..tK4
M fibularis [peroneus] longus
---f-'
M tibialis anterior --�H M . soleus
M. extensor digitorum longus ---l,\t...
M. extensor haliucis longus ---'".-1-1
-7 T 42, T 44, T 47, T 48
T 45,
Fig. 1321
overview.
M uscles of the lower l i m b , M m. extrem itatis i nferiori s ;
Overview
Muscles Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Leg
Sect i o n s Foot
Muscles of the lower limb, overview
M. gluteus medius
M gluteus maximus
M
M.
semitendinosus
---tl1IIi
...'!'if----
M.
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
M
soleus
H---- Tendo calcaneus
Fig. 1322 overview.
M uscles of the lower limb, M m . extre m itati s i nferi oris;
1-7 T
43,
T 46, T 49
1
�
Lowe r L i m b
S u rfa ce
S k e le t o n ���
Origins and insertions of the muscles of the hip, the thigh and the leg
M obliquus internus abdominis
':!��;J��- M. psoas major
M. transversus abdominis M. iliacus
....,........;..;..
-
M. sartorius
M. obturatorius internus M. piriformis
(Bursa iliopectinea)
Ltg, sacrospinale; M. anococcygeus
-----7---7'-4,,-':--
M. pectineus
M. gluteus minimus
M. obturatorius externus
M . vastus laterahs
M. adductor longus
M. gracilis M. vastus intermedius
M , adductor magnus quadratus femoris biceps femoris M. semimembranosus
M, articularis genus M. quadriceps femoris M. vastus medialis M. biceps femoris Lig. collaterale fibulare Retinaculum patellae 'Iaterale
-�WlI-+·:i
M. sartorius
Tractus iliotibialis M extensor digitorum longus
Lig patellae
M. fibularis [peroneusj longus
1-7 T 42 -T4SI
Fig. 1 323
Ori g i n s a n d i nsertions of the m uscles at the lower lumbar vertebrae , the pelvic bones, the femur and the prox i m a l extremities of t h e bones of t h e leg ; ve ntra l view.
Overview
M uscles Pelvis
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Leg
S e ct i o n s Foot
Origins and insertions of the muscles of the hip, the thigh and the leg M. obliquus extern us abdominis M. gluteus minim us M. piriformis
M tensor fasciae latae
M gluteus maximus M. rectus femoris --if:��
-t---t'----.i!��,
M. obturatorius extern us
-
M . gluteus medius
M. gemellus superior --J!L'Y�r-....;r.. .J
M. gluteus minimus
M. obturatorius internus ---""�"""'1-."\"' �
Bursa trochanterica musculi glutei medii
M. levator ani
M. quadratus femoris
M. transversus perinei profundus
Bursa subcutanea trochanterica
Bursa ischiadica musculi obturatorii interni
M gemellus inferior M.
M. vastus intermedius
M adductor magnus
M. vastus lateralis
Bursa subtendinea musculi gastrocnemii medialis M. semimembranosus M. sartorius M graciliS
M. semitendinosus
M. semimembranosus
Foramen nutricium M. flexor digitorum longus
Fig. 1 324
"[111'-1'-- M. popliteus
M. soleus
Arcus tendineus musculi solei M tibialis posterior
Origins a n d i nsertions of the muscles at the pelvic bones, t h e femur a n d the proximal extremities of the bones of the leg ; d orsal view.
1 -7 43- 46, 49, T
T
T
T 50
I
�
Lower l i m b
S u rfa ce
S k e lE:� t o n ���
Overview
M uscles P e lv i s
Hip
Muscles of the thigh
M . vastus medialis
...._ ... - M. vastus intermedius
. ....--'W-l..-- M vastus laterans '
Lig. patellae
Fig. 1 325
Fig. 1326
Te nsor fasciae latae m uscle, M . tensor fasciae latae. a n d sarto rius muscle. M . sa rtori us.
Quadriceps femoris muscle , M . q u a d ri ceps femoris.
M pectineus .. ...-- M. adductor longus M. adductor brevis
M. adductor mag nus
M. gracilis
M.
Fig. 1327
Adductor muscles, Mm. a d d uctores.
Iliacus
Fig. 1 328
I lio psoas muscle, M i l i opsoas.
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
Leg
S e ct i o n s Foot
Muscles of the thigh
M, Iliopsoas
(
M, psoas major M Iliacus ------,U/,--'
Lig inguinale ---j':?fli!-+-��U M, iliopsoas ---All
M. tensor fasciae latae ---.H."
-;.-:+-- (M, psoas minor)
.,......;.",---- Arcus iliopectineus
1t....--- M. flexor hallucis brevis
Mm , lumbricales pedis IV-I
-+.-::111---- M. flexor digitorum longus, Tendo
M. flexor digiti minimi brevis
�I---- Vagina plantaris tendinis
musculi fibularis [peronei] longi
M abductor digiti minimi
�I---- M. flexor hallucis longus, Tendo
M, interosseus plantaris III M. interosseus dorsalis pedis IV
M, fibularis [peroneus] longus, Tendo M, abductor hallucis
M quadratus plantae
M. abductor digiti minimi
Fig. 1366
M flexor digitorum brevis
M u scles of the foot; m i d d le layer after almost com plete removal of the flexor dig itorum brevis muscle .
1-7 T 50, T 5 2 -T 541
�
Lowe r l i m b
S ke le t o n
S u rfa ce ���
Overv i ew
Muscles of the foot
M. flexor digitorum longus, Tendines
--f-r.--;H---- M. flexor hallucis longus, Tendo
� :ItIt""t--'rtt-1-"""':H;---JJl..o,4�+\-\---- M , flexor digitorum brevis, Tendines
Mm. lumbricales pedis IV-I capul lransVersum M. interosseus dorsalis pedis I I I
":"';"�I!IIf+-'-"''''---- Caput obhquum
M m interossei plantares I I I e t I I M interosseus dorsalis pedis IV ---+-11..,-.�
j
M. adductor hallucls
-j---- M, flexor hallucis brevis
(M , opponens digiti minimi) ---.... 1.,\ M. flexor digiti minimi brevis
M abductor hallucis
M. abductor digiti minimi
--�;,.:--
M. fibularis [peroneusj longus, Tendo
M. flexor halluc is longus, Tendo
-----'.,....-
M. quadratus plantae
��o:--'-'i"'--- M flexor digitorum longus, Tendo' M. tibialis posterior, Tendo
Vj'tl---- Retinaculum musculorum flexorum Lig. plantare longum M. flexor hallucis longus, Tendo' M. abductor digiti minimi Aponeurosis plantaris
1-7 T 50, T 5 2 -T 541
M. flexor digitorum brevis
Fig. 1 367 M us c les of t h e foot ; deep layer.
* The site where the tendon of the flexor dig itorum longus muscle c rosses the tendon of the flexor hallucls longus muscle is commonly referred to as plantar chiasm, Chiasma p la nta re
M uscles P e lv i s
Hip
To p o g ra p hy Thigh
Leg
Sec t i o n s Foot
Muscles of the foot
Mm. interossei dorsales pedis I -IV
Fig. 1368
d o rsa l view.
--v-------�aI�-I
Dorsal interossei muscles, M m . inteross e i dorsa les ped i s ;
lWDlI--H--r-"I"-- Mm. interossei plantares 1 1 1 - 1
Fig. 1369
Plantar i nterossei muscles, Mm. i nterossei plantares; p lantar view.
�
Lower l i m b
S u rfa ce
I
S k e leton
���
Lumbosacral plexus
T1 2
N. iliohypogastricus (T1 2 , L 1) ----"y
N. ilioinguinalis (T1 2 , L 1) ---���
L2
Plexus lumbalis
L3
L4
N. femoralis (L2- 4) ------,:;;F'�". N. obturatorius (L2-4)
L5
....4 .
-
��
N. gluteus superior (L4, 5; 8 1 ) ---1C::::::C
S1
Truncus lumbosacral is
N. gluteus inferior (L5; 81 , 2) --"'7='rr---
N culaneu� dorsalis medialis
dorsallS
'100","':"'+-- N. plantaris lateralis N, fibularls
prolundus
N plantaris medialis
Fig. 1379
Tibial n e rve, N . tibialis; overview; cutaneous i n n e rvation i llustrated with pu rple.
Fig, 1380
Fibular nerve, N. fibularis; overview; cutaneous i n nervation illustrated with p u rp le,
M uscles P e lv i s
Hip
S e ct i o n s
To pog ra p hy Thigh
P o p li t e a l fossa
Leg
Foot
Arteries of the lower limb
...ri...UI------- A. femoralis
A.
A. glutea inferior
""'-....::cIIIFr---+-- A. circumflexa
circumflexa femoris lateralis
femoris medialis
R ascendens --�--����
A profunda femoris
R descendens
I-l-ll- �-+-- Aa. perforantes (1; 1 1 ; 1 1 1)
Aa perforantes ( 1 ; 11; 111)
\---1-- A. descendens genus
R. saphenus
\-----4-- R. articularis A. superior lateralis genus
A. inferior lateralis genus A. recurrens liblalis anterior
A superior medialis genus
LS����f}t- Rete articulare genus
_ _
-+-+41
A. inferior medialis genus
A. poplitea
A superior medialis genus A. suraOs A inferior medialis genus A tibialis posterior
A. tibialis anterior
A tibialis anterior
A. fibularis, R. perforans
A. malieolaris anterior lateralis
A tarsalis laterahs
(A. arcuata)
Fig. 1381
A. fibularis
A malieolaris anterior medialis A dorsalis pedis
metatarsales tll!MfHlt"l'tt-- Aa. dorsales
Arteries of the lower l i m b ; overview; ventral view. The segment of the femoral a rtery between the point where the deep a rtery of t h i g h branches off a n d the point of entry i nto the add uctor canal 1'1 is known clin ically as superfic i a l fe mora l a rtery.
�.jl.,il-- R communicans Rr. mall eo lares mediales A. plantaris medialis
Rr. malieolares laterales
1iiIIr..�H--- A. plantaris lateralis
jfJi::.·l.j��IM,lI.._ Arcus plantaris profundus
Fig. 1382
Arteries of the lower li m b ; overview; d orsal view.
�
S keleton
S u rface
Lowe r li m b
���
Overview
Veins and lymphatics o f the lower limb
k�--- Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales
/l('l-H�f\+.--- v, saphena magna
iE---:--!-f7--- V. saphena parva
a
Fig. 1383 a, b
b
Vei n s a n d lymphatics of the lower limb;
a Medial view b Dorsal view
overview.
a
b
__
-
7
2
V. superficialis --";--l-"1Il"�
"i'__�"--+--- V. communicans
Valvula --��
1IIIr------'- 3
5
Fig. 1 384
9
1 DODD's veins 2 HUNTER's vein 3 BOYD's vein 4 V. arcuata cruris posterior 5 SHERMAN'S vein 6 COCKETT'S veins 7 Deep perforating vein of HACH 8 Popliteal perforating vein 9 MAY'S vein 10 Lateral perforating vein
a, b Perfora t i ng veins, Vv. perfora ntes; overview (accord i n g to HAC H , 1 986 1 . a Medial view b D o rsal view
V. perforans ----:--r-::.ft,J"',
V. profunda
�t-:--io
-'-:-i
Fig. 1385
-.
1-+--- Valvula ...;--- Fascia
Vei n s of the lower limb; princi ple of o rg a n isation. D i st u rbances of the venous flow of the lower limb, especia lly varicosis, a re a common cause of vascular d isord e rs . I f one of the v e n o u s systems i s enti rely occluded, the perforati n g veins may be of crucial i m p o rtance to maintain the venous d rainage.
M uscles Pelvis
Hip
To pog ra p hy Thigh
S e ct i o n s
Popliteal fossa
Leg
Foot
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
R. cutaneus anterior (N. iliohypogastricus) A ; V. epigastrica superficialis • •
•
N. Ilioinguinalis
• V. femoralis
N cutaneus femoris lateral IS
• • Aa.; Vv. pudendae externae
R. femoralis (N genitofemoralis)
.---IoIIiWW"-,--i-- • V. saphena accessoria (Iateralis)
A ; V. circumflexa ilium superficialis • •
• V. saphena magna
Rr. cutanei anteriores (N femoral is)
Rr. cutanei (N. obturatorius)
R. infrapateliaris (N saphenus)
860
Fig. 1386
Epifascial vessels and nerves of the i n g u i na l reg i o n , Regio i n g u i nalis, t h e a nterior region o f t h i g h , Regio femoris anterior, and the a nterior reg i o n of knee, Regio genus a nterior.
t /� 1403
1 39 1
�
Lowe r l i m b
S ke le t o n
S u rfa ce ���
Ove rview
Lymphatics of the inguinal region
Lig inguinale V. circumflexa ilium superficial is
V. epigastrica superficiali s Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales superficiales
...._ . -- Funiculus spermaticus
V. saphena magna
Vv. pudendae externae
�,----- V. saphena accessoria (medialis)
1':.li------ V saphena magna M adductor longus
Fig. 1 387
Superfi c i a l lym phatics, lymph nodes a n d major ve ins of the i n g u i na l reg i o n , Regia i n g u inalis .
M. psoas major
.:-;>----++-- Nodi Iymphoidei iliaci interni
---+�:fiII\"':'r'r�
p........ . .; ..;..,I=--fqj:f-- A.; V. iliaca interna
Nodi Iymphoidel Iliaci externi, ---f-,� Nodi laterales
Nodi Iymphoidel iliaci externi, ---¥r'�� Nodi mediales A ; V iliaca externa
Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales superficiales, Nodi superolaterales Lig. inguinale Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales superficiales, Nodi superomediales
Rectum
--+��:--'
Ovanum Uterus
-lr----1s:::��110...
_J-----%-l��� _-l�----"ir\�� Hiatus saphenus --'-----1r-�� ., _c"'l _ ...
Vesica urinaria
Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales, (Nodi profundi) Nodi Iymphoidei inguinales superficiales, Nodi inferiores
Fig. 1 388
D ra i n i n g areas of the lymph nodes in the i n g u i n a l region, Regia i n g u i nalis, of the female ; overview. The arrows i n d icate poss i b le d i rections of the flow of lymph . •
I n some rare cases, the medial parts of the uterine tube and the fundus of the uterus may be d rained by superficial lymph nodes in the i n g u i n a l region via the round ligament of uterus.
M u s c le s Pelvis
Hip
To pog raphy Thigh
S e ct i o n s
P o p l i t e a l fossa
Leg
Foot
Vessels and nerves of the inguinal region
• M psoas major
M iliacus .
• (M. psoas minor), Tendo
N fernoralis
Arcus iliopectineus
Lig. inguinale ----"-'
Fascia lata ----::-""'_
Cornu superius -----�"" Margo falcijormis
• • A.; V. femoralis
(Nodus Iymphoideus lacunaris medialis)' Lig. lacunare**
• V. circurnflexa iliurn superflcialis
qfi::����i=== Lig pubicum superius
• V. epigastrica superficial is
��ti���--- Fascia lata
Cornu inferlus ---..:....---�
• Vv. pudendae externae
V. saphena magna .
Fig. 1389
Saphenous opening, H iatus saphenus, a n d va scular space, Lacuna vaso ru m ; after removal o f t h e a nterior abdom i n a l wa ll a n d t h e contents o f t h e abdomen, as well as d issection of the i liac fascia a n d the femora l sept u m [ CLO Q U ET ) . Al s o : R O S E N M U LLER's node Al s o : G I M B E R NAT's ligament
* **
Vagina musculi recti abdominis, Lamina anterior
M . obllQuuS extemus • ----.J�����;__;�!1� abdomlnls N cutaneus femoris lateral is Spina iliaca anterior superior
---.J�k-....,.:�9i" : .� ----1!2.��",. .:;;..--.:���iJ"\l\i .,:r::
Lig. inguinal e M. iliopsoas •
N femoralis Arcus iliopectineus --.-;...,-tI ....; H-mr.-... (Bursa iliopectinea)
Lig. pectineum
(Nodi Iymphoidei lacunares) Lig lacunare Funiculus spermaticus
Lig. inguinale �::Ii�����j���#C="C Tuberculum pubicum Symphysis pubica
Membrana obturatoria
Canalis obturatorius N obturatorius
Fig. 1390
M u scula r a n d vascular space, Lacunae musculorum et va soru m ; oblique section at t h e level o f t h e i n g u i n a l ligament.
�
Lower li m b
S ke le t o n
S u rface ���
Ove rview
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
N femoralis
N. cutaneus femoris lateralis
Lig inguinale
• A. iliaca interna
--n�lM��
A. circumilexa ilium profunda . --tr.rt-'k-�.;I M. iliacus . ---,H'Ill-�"'':'
• M. pectineus
N . femoralis
m,.---....-- • V saphena magna
A profunda femoris • _�--ft-"'r�
R. muscularis (N femoralis)
A. femoralis' •
• V. femoralis
M. tensor fasciae latae •
• M. adductor longus M rectus femoris .
• M. gracilis
• M. sartorius
R articularis . (A. descendens genus) 1 1 54 1 1 56 1 1 59
1 386
Fig. 1 39 1
�
1 407
Rete patellare • 1 3 92
Lig. patellae
Vessels a n d nerves of the anterior reg ion of thig h , Regio fe moris anterior; after removal of the fascia lata except for the iliotibial tract.
•
Clinica lly the femoral artery is commonly referred to as superficial femoral a rtery to d isti n g u i s h it from the deep a rtery of thigh.
M u scles P e lv i s
Hip
To pog ra p hy Thigh
Secti o n s
P o p li t e a l fossa
Leg
Foot
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
N. obturatorius
N cutaneus femoris lateralis
• M pectineus
N. femoralis
• R acetabularis (A obturatoria)
M. iliacus .
• R. anterior (A. obturatoria) N. obturatorius
A. circumflexa femoris lateralis •
;;,..._W_-- • A. circumflexa femoris medialis
A. profunda femoris .
r.I""''''.--- • R. superficialis
(A. circumflexa femoris medialis)
M. sartorius • ---l�Ir.!
R descendens . --- ��J,l� (A. circumflexa femoris lateralis)
• V femoralis
• A. femoralis
M rectus femoris • ------'M�
R.
N. saphenus
R muscularis (N. femoralis)
Septum intermusculare vastoadductorium*
N saphenus
M vastus medialis • --""�"'�:"';".J R. articularis (A descendens genus)
cutaneus (N. obturatorius)
• --+�"'�N�
1 1 54 1 1 56 1 1 5?
1 39 1
Fig. 1 392 Vessels a n d nerves of t h e anterior reg i o n of t h i g h , R e g i o fe moris a nterior; after partial removal of the sarto rius muscle a n d d issectio n of the pectineus muscle.
*
t /,
1 393
1 408
The entra nce i nto the adductor canal is formed by the vastus medialis and adductor longus muscles as well as by the a nteromedial I nterm uscular septum spanning between them.
�
S ke le t o n
S u rfa ce
Lowe r L i m b
���
Overv i ew
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
N
obturatorius •
A
femoralis
N
N. obluratonus •
M. iliacus .
•
A. profunda femoris . A circumflexa
femoris lateralis
A_ circumflexa femoris medialis
A obturalDria
V. femoral is
�..--- • V profunda femoris
{R. ascendens •
HMt-- • M. adductor brevis
R descendens .
•
-"-=--
Rr musculares (N femoralis)
•
M. adductor longus
A. perforans
R. cutaneus (N. obturatorius) • M. adductor longus
•
A_ perforans .
•
M vastus lateralis •
��rJ\'k�"�'fjlJl--
R muscularis (N femoral is)
M
A. descend ens genus, Rr. artlcular6S
1 1 54 1 1 56 1 1 59
1 408
•
A. femoralis
Fig. 1393
A. descendens genus. R saphenus
•
Rete ar1lCuiare genus .
1 392
• M. adductor magnus
•
N saphenus
�..
M. gracilis
� "H.-- Hiatus adductorius
M. rectus femoris .
l ·t4'
V femoralis
A poplitea
IIII� II ""'--- • A. inferior medialis genus
Vessels and nerves of the a nterior reg i o n of t h i g h , Reg i o femoris a nterior; deep layer after part i a l removal of the sartorius and rectus femoris muscles, the pect i neus a n d adductor lon g u s muscles have been d i ssected; the adductor canal is alm ost entire ly opened.
M uscles P e lv i s
Hip
Topography Thigh
Sect i o n s
Poplitea L fossa
Leg
Foot
Arteries of the pelvis and the hip
Aorta, Bifurcatio aortae A, iliaca communis
A. iliaca interna
A, IIlaca eXll;lma
A. clrcumflexa Ilium profunda
" ��E�=========
A epigastrica superficialis A . circumflexa ilium superficialis
'III
R. ascendens
A. profunda femoris
R. pubicus
---!l�===f!rr�-------- Aa. pudendae externae """'iiiJI�""""IIii;:=---- R. acetabularis
-==�t=�:S�==�; �:I'�
R. anterior
R. posterior
A. circumflexa femoris lateralis -
R. transversus
R. obturatorius
-'.----- Lig. inguinale
A. femoralis
R. ascendens et R. transversus
A. epigastrica inferior
----\-----..... �.
A. obturatoria
A�A"
_ _
R. acetabularis
A. circumflexa femoris medialis
R. profundus
R. descendens
R. superficialis
Aa perforantes
R. descendens Fig. 1 394
The branching pattern of these a rt e ries varies considera bLy. This type of origin and a rborisation of the deep a rtery of thigh occurs i n approximateLy 58% of cases.
Arteries of the h i p a n d the thigh;
overview.
Pars abdominalis aortae [Aorta abdominalisj
A. iliaca communis
---:--r-�::"",-�----:r-:.=- ..."
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1-
_ _
A. iliaca extern a
--------:;;It7'f
A iliaca interna
--------:--.�
_----�C--I-- A. lumbalis V
Jl------.;....--��--
;,....::-=-:---
A. sacralis mediana
A. glutea superior
A. obturatoria
A lemoralls
A profunda lemorls
Fig. 1 395 Arteries of the peLvis a n d the thigh; d ig itaL s u btraction angiography [ DSA! .
�
Lower L i m b
S keleton
S u rface •••
Overview
Veins and nerves of the thigh
Nn clunium superiores (L 1 -L3) R. cutaneus lateralis (N. iliohypogastriCuS)
Nn. clunium medii (51 -53)
Sulcus glutealis
.. _f.£ Nn. clunium inferieres (N. cutaneus femoris posterior) _-I-A-i'li-..I-
't..� .rtlf-- N. cutaneus femoris lateralis
Fascia lata R cutaneus (N. obturatoriusl
IHh-'i;f-�J-- N. cutaneus femoris posterior
V saphena magna 812
t � 1 404
V saphena parva
1 398
Fig. 1 396
EpifasciaL veins and nerves of the posterior reg i o n of t h i g h , Reg i o femoris posterior, the g LuteaL reg i o n , R e g i o g LuteaLis, and the popLiteaL fossa , Fossa popLitea.
Crista iliaca Spina iliaca anterior superior
Spina iliaca posterior superior
Crista sacralis mediana
N gluteus superior
Foramen ischiadicum majus
==�������i7.9
N. ischiadicus
N gluteus inferior,
--T-""7:-�::J.'::L
N. pudendus Lig sacrospinale
Tuber ischiadicum
Lig. sacrotuberale
Tuber ischiadicum
M piriformis Trochanter major
N cutaneus femoris posterior
Fig. 1397
SkeLeton contour and sciatic nerve, N. ischiadicus. proj ected onto the s u rface of the gLuteaL reg ion. Reg i o g Lutea Lis.
}
(Foramen supraPiriformel Foramen ischiadicum (Foramen infrapiriforme) maJ us
M u sc le s P e lv i s
Hip
To pography Thigh
Sections
P o p l i t e a l fossa
Leg
Foot
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
•
M gluteus medius, Fascia
Nn. clunium medii (St -S3)
M. gluteus maximus •
Nn clunium inferiores (N. cutaneus femoris posterior) l�--- Tractus iliotibialis
N. cutaneus femoris posterior
M gracilis .
M semitendinosus . ---It:-;IIIf.H-H.. ,mll M. semimembranosus . V. poplitea .
M. semimembranosus .
A. poplitea •
--���...:;jJ..
--iH=1RhlJJf,1 ,
M. gastrocnemius . __-+IIrl=MIL:lIo
N cutaneus surae medialis
N. tibialis
N. fibularis communis
N. cutaneus surae lateralis (N. fibularis communis) •
M. biceps femoris, Tendo 1 399
Fig. 1398
Vessels and nerves of the g luteal reg i o n , Regio g lutealis, the poste rior reg ion of t h i g h , Regio femoris posterior, and the popliteal fossa, Fossa poplitea.
1 396
?�
1 ':; 1 1
�
S k eleton
S u rfa ce
Lowe r l i m b
���
Overv i ew
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
Nn. clunium superiores (L 1 -L3)
Nn clunium medii (81-83)
(Fascia glutea)
+-rl--- • M. gluteus maximus . ... ....:.,�,...'---H ....� Nn clunium inferiores (N. cutaneus femoris posterior) N. ischiadicus N. cutaneus femoris posterior
....--ihtf-l.-fl'l---- • A. periorans �1ffl1H1-h1rli""'--- • M biceps femoris. Caput longum
N tibialis ' M. semitendinosus . ----I...
11:.:>11"""--- • Aa. periorantes N fibularis communis
M. semimembranosus .
-jM7-iI
-
M. sartorius . ---j'" V poplitea .
---+---+''''fJ'-j�''
A superior medialis genus • --�-iI--I+i...JI Rr. musculares (N. tibialis)
M. gastrocnemius, • ----I�.,.. Caput mediale
N. cutaneus surae lateralis N. cutaneus surae medialis
N. suralis
.;,. --- . M. gastrocnemius, Caput laterale ;: ,.M:;...-
1 40 0
Fig, 1 399
1 398
Vessels a n d nerves of the g luteal reg i o n , Reg i o g lutealis, the posterior region of t h i g h , Reg i o femoris poste rior, a n d t h e popliteal fossa , Fossa poplitea ; the long head of the biceps femoris m uscle has been retracted latera lly. I n t h i s spec i m e n , the medial and lateral s u ra l cutaneous nerves branch off q u ite fa r proximally.
M u s c le s P e lv i s
Hip
To p o g ra p h y Thigh
S e ct i o n s
P o p l i t e a l fossa
Leg
Foot
Vessels and nerves of the thigh
A glutea superior, R superficialis .
M. gluteus maximus •
• M obturatorius internus • M gemellus inferior
N gluteus inferior
A. glutea inferior .
A.; V. pudenda interna •
---1*""'11
• R. ascendens (A. circumflexa
-
femoris medialis)
• R. superficialis (A circumflexa femoris medialis)
•
• M. quadratus femoris
N cutaneus femoris posterior
----- •
R. profundus (A. circumnexa lemoris medialis)
.---- . A. perforans
N ischiadicus
1----- . M. adductor magnus
Rr. musculares (N tibialis)
M biceps femoris, Caput longum
•
----__
M semitendinosus . ----�••fH-':JifH
M. semimembranosus .
V poplitea .
-till-'
1::H1fIlf---- • Aa. perforantes
'----- • M. biceps femoris, Caput longum
• M biceps femoris, Caput breve
-
------,...Hh
-
N fibularis communis
N tibialis
N. cutaneus surae medialis
N . outaneus suras lalerails
�
Fig. 1400
Vessels and nerves of t h e g luteal region. Regio g lutealis, the posterior region of t h i g h , Regio femoris posterior. and the popliteal fossa , Fossa poplitea ; after d issection of the g luteus max i m u s m u scle and the long head of the biceps femoris muscle .
1 399
,
141 1 1413 1414
�
S keleton
S u rface
Lowe r l i m b
���
Overview
Vessels and nerves of the gluteal region
.,..---- Trigonum lumbale Rr profundi • (A.; V. glutea superior)
R cutaneus lateral is (N. iliohypogastricus)
•
•
M. obliquus externus abdominis
N. gluteus superior
N gluteus inferior A.; V. glutea inferior •
•
M. gluteus maxim us . --;?i:=
iI'iIIl---
N. cutaneus femoris posterior
M gluteus maximus M. piriformis
:21.......-- • M. gemellus superior
N. ischiadicus
A ; V. pudenda interna •
•
•
•
M. obturatorius internus
• •
Lig. sacrotuberale •
M. obturatorius extern us
M quadratus femoris
Trochanter minor Rr. profundi (A circumflexa femoris medialis)
•
Fig. 1401
Vessels a n d nerves of the g luteal reg i o n , Regio g lutealis; after d issection and partial removal of the g luteus maximus and medius m uscle s ; the sciatic nerve has b e e n removed after i t s passage t h ro u g h the i nfra pi riform fora m e n .
--------f- Crista iliaca �\--+--- Spina iliaca anterior superior N. gluteus superior
---;--l----'''---1----------1--- • V. poplitea
Vasa Iymphatica superficialia
----
Os cuneiforme intermedium M. fibularis [peroneusj longus, Tendo
...."'3-''r----'i++--- Articulatio subtalaris
Os metatarsi II M interosseus dorsalis pedis I
Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum
M extensor digitorum longus, Tendo
Phalanx proximalis
Calcaneus
Phalanx media
Phalanx d,stalls M. quadratus plantae
M. flexor dig ito rum longus, Tendo
N. plantaris lateralis
Lig plantare longum
Fig. 1428
Foot, Pes; sagittal section t h ro u g h the second toe.
M. tibialis anlerior, Tendo
Aponeurosis plantaris
1 -7 1315, 131 6 1
M. flexor hallucis longus
Tibia Linea ep'physialis Articulatio talocruralis
M. triceps surae, Tendo calcaneus
Talus Articulatio subtalaris
(Articulatio talonavicularis)
Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum
Os naviculare
Calcaneus
Lig. plantare longum
Fig. 1429
Foot, Pes; magnetic resonance tomog ra phy image I M R l i ; sagittal section .
1 7 1317, 13181
�
Lowe r l i m b
. . . To p o g ra p hy ���
Thigh
Sections Leg
Foot. cross-section and pedograms
M interosseus dorsalis pedis II _
Mm. extensores hallucis longus et brevis, Tendines
Mm. extensores digitorum longus et brevis, Tendines
M, interosseus dorsalis pedis I
Fascia dorsalis pedis M interosseus dorsalis pedis III
M. interosseus plantaris I
M. interosseus dorsalis pedis IV (M opponens digiti minim
i) --��
M abductor digiti minimi M. flexor digiti minimi brevis
����I��I���i�����[=�,
M. adductor hallucis, Caput obliquum
�t#--- M. abductor hallucis M. flexor hallucis longus, Tendo
(Eminentia plantaris lateralis) M Interosseus plantaris III M. interosseus plantaris II AponeurosIs plantaris
(Eminentia plantaris medialis) M. flexor hallucis brevis Mm. flexores digitorum longus et brevis, Tendines
(Eminentia plan tans Inlermedla)
Fig. 1430
Osteofibrous tubes of the foot ; f rontal sectio n thro u g h the metatarsu s.
b
Fig. 1431 a - c
a b c
Normal foot Pes cavus Flat foot
Foot prints, pedograms.
Foot
I nd ex
I nd ex
The numbers refer to the page numbers. The numbers with .r refer to the numbers of the tables in the separate booklet enclosed in Volume 1 .
A Abdomen - computed tomography 248-249, 251 , 255 - cross-section 248-251 - frontal section 244-245 - median section 242 - sagittal section 243, 246-247 Abdominal viscera 1 58, 1 62, 1 66, 1 72 - arteries 1 68 Abdominal wall 58, 66, 69-7 1 - anterior, viewed from inside 5 9 , 71 - innervation, segmental, sensory 67 - muscles 52, 54, 56-58, 60-6 1 , 66, 72-73, T 1 4-T1 6 - posterior 220-221 - skeleton projection 47 - surface anatomy 46 Acetabular floor 274 Acetabular roof 274, 280 Aceta bulum 256, 261 , 266 Achilles tendon s. Tendo calcaneus Acini pancreatici 1 53 Acromion 1 -2, 26, 47-48, 1 22 Adductor canal 357-358 Ala - ossis ilium 72, 254, 264, 266-267, 273 - - sacri 1 0 ALCOCK's canal 230, 258 Ampulla - ductus deferentis 7 1 , 1 9 1 , 1 95-1 96, 236 - IDuodenum) 1 30, 1 32, 1 34- 1 35, 1 79 - hepatopancreatica 1 35, 1 54 - recti 2 1 0, 2 1 5, 242, 252-253, 257-258 - tubae uterinae 1 40, 1 67, 201 , 203, 209, 253 Anal hiatus 230 Anastomoses, portocaval 1 8 1 , 213 Angle - between neck and shaft of the femur 276 - of antetorsion, femur 277 Angulusl-il - costae 49, 1 0 1 - inferior 1 -2, 26-27 - infrasternalis 46-47 - mandibulae 1 2 - ossis pubis 266 - sterni 46, 50 - subpubicus 268 - superior 2 Ansa subclavia 1 1 7, 1 20 Anteflexio IUterus) 203 Anteversio IUterus) 203 Antrum pyloricum 1 30, 1 33 , 1 35, 247 Anulus - femoralis 229 - fibrosus 24-25, 29, 42 - - dexter ICor) 77, 84 - - ID iscus intervertebralis) 45 - - sinister ICor) 77, 79, 84
Anulus - ing uinalis profundus 60, 7 1 , 225 - - superficialis 56-58, 60-6 1 , 70, 238-239 - umbilicalis 46, 52, 56, 58, 66, 70, 72-73, 1 40, 1 59, 242 Anus 2 1 0, 2 1 2-21 4, 230, 232-233, 235 Aorta 29, 35, 76-77, 83, 87, 1 22, 1 26, 1 74, 242, 249, 359 - abdominalis s. Pars abdominalis aortae - ascendens s. Pars ascendens aortae - congestion, collateral c i rcula tion 69 - descendens s. Pars descendens aortae - thoracica s. Pars thoracica aortae Apertura - pelvis inferior 264-265 - - superior 264-265 Apex - capitis fibulae 283, 291 - cordis 74-80, 84-85, 98-99, 101 - dentis 6 - ossis sacri 1 0- 1 1 - patellae 284, 290-291 - pulmonis 94-95, 98-99, 1 1 0, 1 23 - vesicae 1 90-1 9 1 , 252 Aponeurosis - musculi obliqui externi abdo minis 60-61 - plantaris 299, 304, 338, 340, 342, 376-379, 383-384 Appendixl-cesl - epididymidis 1 93 , 239 - epiploicae s. Appendixl-cesl omentales - fibrosa hepatis 1 42- 1 43 , 1 60, 1 66 - omentales 1 38-1 39, 1 62, 1 65, 226, 258 - testis 1 92-1 93, 239 - vermiformis 1 38-1 40, 1 63- 1 66, 1 75, 209, 251 - - projection 1 40 - - variations in position 1 40 - vesiculosae 200-20 1 , 204 Arachnoidea mater - crania lis 40 - spinalis 40-4 1 , 43-45 Arcus - anterior atlantis 6, 1 2 , 1 9 - aortae 74-75, 84-85, 89, 98-99, 1 0 1 , 1 04-1 05, 1 07-1 08, 1 1 4- 1 1 5, 1 1 8- 1 20, 1 22, 1 24 - - AP-radiograph 1 1 4 - - branches 1 1 4 - - variations 1 1 4 - cartilaginis cricoideae 90 - costa lis 3, 46-47, 52, 207 - iliopectineus 7 1 , 269, 3 1 3 , 3 1 7, 355 - plantaris profundus 35 1 , 375, 378 - posterior atlantis 6, 1 2, 1 8- 1 9 , 33, 39-40 - pubicus 268
Arcus - tendineus musculi levatoris ani 230-23 1 , 3 1 7 - - - solei 3 1 1 , 329, 350, 370 - venae azygos 1 1 6 - venosus dorsalis pedis 365, 373 - - jugularis 1 1 0 - vertebrae 5-8, 1 5, 1 7, 20, 22, 29, 32, 4 1 , 45 Areal-ael - crib rosa IRenl 1 83 - gastricae 1 30 - intercondylaris anterior 282, 293 - - posterior 282 - nuda 1 1 9, 1 42, 1 45, 242 Areola mammae 64 Arterial-ael - appendicularis 1 68, 1 74 - arcuata 1 83, 2 1 6, 35 1 , 374 - ascendens 1 76 - auricularis posterior 38 - axillaris 54, 1 1 3, 1 20, 1 22, 1 24 - bulbi penis 234, 240 - - vestibuli 234 - caecalis posterior 1 74 - carotis communis 69, 74-75, 89, 98-99, 1 04-1 07, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 3- 1 1 4, 1 1 7- 1 1 8, 1 20-1 24 - - externa 1 1 4 - - interna 1 1 4 - caudae pancreatis 1 68 - cervicalis profunda 39, 1 1 5 - - superficialis 66 - c i rcumflexa femoris lateralis 261 , 35 1 , 357-359 - - - medialis 260-261 , 35 1 , 357-359, 363-364 - - humeri poste rior 37, 1 22 - - ilium profunda 1 79, 2 2 1 , 227, 231 , 356, 359 - - - superficialis 66, 353, 359 - - scapulae 37, 1 22 - colica dextra 1 52, 1 68, 1 74-1 75 - - media 1 52, 1 6 1 , 1 63-1 64, 1 68, 1 74-1 77 - - sin istra 1 67-1 68, 1 75-1 77, 1 79, 2 1 7 - coronarial-ae) 84, 86 - - dextra 74-75, 78-80, 82, 84-87, 98, 1 1 9- 1 20, 1 27 - - - coronary angiography 87 - - sinistra 74-75, 79-80, 82, 84-87, 98, 1 1 9- 1 20, 1 27 - - - coronary angiography 87 - cremasterica 1 93 , 225, 238 - cystica 1 42, 1 49, 1 68, 1 70, 1 72 - descendens genus 35 1 , 353, 356-358, 369 - digitales dorsales IPesl 374 - - plantares communes 375, 377 - - - propriae 375-377 - dorsalis clitoridis 234 - - pedis 351 , 368, 374-375, 379, 382 - - penis 1 99, 227, 234, 238-240, 244 - ductus deferentis 60, 193, 197, 227
Arteria{-ael - epigastrica inferior 60-61 , 66, 69, 7 1 -72, 1 58-1 59, 1 73 , 1 75, 1 7� 1 96, 2 1 7, 221 , 225, 227, 229, 23 1 , 236, 253-254, 359 - - - collateral circulation 69 - - superficialis 66, 353, 359 - - superior 66, 69-70, 72 - - - collateral c i rculation 69 - femoralis 62, 69, 73, 2 1 8, 244, 256-257, 3 1 4, 3 1 7, 351 , 353, 355-359, 380-381 - - superficialis 3 5 1 , 356 - fibularis 351 , 366, 368-372, 381 -382 - gastrical-ael breves 1 3 1 , 1 66, 1 68, 1 70, 1 73 - - dextra 1 3 1 , 1 68, 1 70, 1 72 - - posterior 1 70 - - sinistra 1 06, 1 3 1 , 1 52, 1 55, 1 60, 1 68, 1 70-1 73, 1 78- 1 79, 2 1 8, 244, 247, 249 - gastroduodenalis 1 52, 1 68, 1 70-1 73, 242, 244 - gastroomentalis dextra 1 3 1 , 1 67-1 68, 1 70-1 73 - - s inistra 1 3 1 , 1 60, 1 68, 1 70-1 73, 247 - glutea inferior 2 1 2, 224-225, 256-257, 351 , 363-364, 380 - - superior 2 1 2, 224-225, 25� 359, 363, 380 - helicinae 1 98 - hepatica communis 1 3 1 , 1 52, 1 68, 1 70-1 73, 1 78-1 79, 2 1 8, 249 - - - AP-radiograph 1 71 - - propria 1 3 1 , 1 42, 1 46, 1 52, 1 55, 1 67-1 68, 1 70-1 72, 1 79, 243-244, 249 - - variability 1 70 - ileales 1 52, 1 68, 1 74-1 75, 251 - ileocolica 1 68, 1 74-1 75, 255 - iliaca communis 1 67, 1 79, 2 1 2, 2 1 4, 2 1 7-21 8, 221 , 224-229, 23 1 , 242-243, 254, 359 - - externa 69, 7 1 , 1 79, 1 96, 2 1 2, 221 , 224-225, 227-229, 23 1 , 236, 253, 3 1 7, 354, 356, 358-359 - - interna 2 1 2, 2 1 7, 224-225, 227-229, 23 1 , 354, 356, 359 - - - variations 224 - iliolumbalis 2 1 7, 2 2 1 , 224-225, 229 - inferior latera lis genus 289, 35 1 , 368-369 - - medialis genus 289, 3 5 1 , 358, 369-372 - intercostalisl-es) 70, 99, 1 20, 1 27 - - posteriores 45, 54, 73, 75, 1 04- 1 05, 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 5- 1 1 6 - - suprema 1 1 5 - interlobares (Ren) 1 83- 1 84, 2 1 6 - interlobula res IHeparl 1 45 - jejunales 1 52, 1 68, 1 74-1 75, 1 77, 242, 244 - lienalis s. Arterial-ael splenica - lobaris{-es) inferiores 98-99, 1 0 1 , 1 26 - - media 98 - - superiores 98, 1 25
I n d ex
Arterial-ae/
- lobi caudati 1 42 - lumbales 4 1 , 1 79 , 2 1 7, 221 , 245, 359 - malleolaris anterior latera lis 351 , 368, 374 - - - medialis 35 1 , 374 - marginalis coli 1 68, 1 74-176 - media genus 289, 351 , 369 - mesenterica inferior 1 52, 1 67-1 68, 1 74, 1 76-1 77, 1 79, 2 1 2, 2 1 4, 2 1 7, 221 , 225, 227, 250-251 - - - AP-radiograph 1 76 - - - variations 1 76 - - superior 1 1 5, 1 52- 1 54, 1 67-1 68, 1 70, 1 73-1 79, 1 87, 2 1 7-218, 221 , 242-244, 250-251 , 255 - - - AP-radiograph 1 74 - - - variations 1 74 - metatarsales dorsales 351 , 368, 374 - - plantares 375-376 , 378 - musculophrenica 69 - obturatoria 7 1 , 2 1 2, 224-225, 227, 229, 23 1 , 236-237, 256-257, 261 , 31 7, 355, 357-359 - - variability 229 - occ ipitalis 37-39 - ova rica 1 52, 1 67, 201 , 204, 209, 223, 228-229, 253 - pancreatica dorsalis 1 68, 1 7 1 - - inferior 1 7 1 - - magna 1 68 - pancreaticoduodenalis inferior 1 68, 1 73 , 1 77 - - superior anterior 1 7 1 , 1 73 - - - posterior 1 68, 1 70-1 7 1 , 1 78 - perforantes 35 1 , 358-359, 362-363, 369 - pericardiacophrenica 69, 89, 1 1 2-1 1 3 , 1 1 8 - perinealis 234, 240 - phrenica inferior 63, 1 04, 1 72- 1 73, 1 89, 2 1 7-218, 221 - plantaris lateralis 304, 35 1 , 375, 377-378, 382 - - medialis 304, 35 1 , 375, 378, 382 - - profunda 374-375 - poplitea 284, 289, 320, 329, 35 1 , 358, 361 -363, 366, 369-372 - - variations 370 - prepancreatica 1 68 - profunda brachii 37 - - femoris 256-257, 261 , 35 1 , 356-359, 380 - - penis 1 98-1 99, 226-227, 239, 244 - pudenda externa 66, 238, 353, 359 - - interna 2 1 0, 2 1 2 , 224-225, 227-229, 23 1 , 234, 236-237, 240-24 1 , 256-258, 260-2 6 1 , 363-364 - pulmonalis[-esl 1 1 2 - - dextra 74-76, 84-85, 88-89, 95, 98- 1 0 1 , 1 05, 1 07, 1 1 9, 1 25 - - sinistra 74-75 , 84-85, 88-89, 95, 98-99, 1 05, 1 07, 1 1 3, 1 24 - rectalis 2 1 2 - - inferior 1 68, 2 1 2, 227-228, 240-241 - - media 2 1 2, 224-225, 227-229 - - superior 1 67-1 68, 1 76-1 77, 1 79, 2 1 0, 2 1 2 , 2 1 7, 227-229, 254
Arterial-ae/
- recurrens tibialis anterior 35 1 , 368 - - - posterior 35 1 , 369-370 - renalis 1 52, 1 82- 1 83 , 1 85, 1 87, 1 89, 2 1 6-218, 2 2 1 , 242-243, 245-246, 250 - - accessoria 2 1 7 - - arteriography 2 1 6 - - polaris inferior 2 1 6 - - - superior 2 1 6 - - variations 2 1 6 - sacralis lateralis 224-226 - - mediana 1 77, 1 79, 2 1 2, 2 1 7, 221 , 225, 227-229, 253, 359 - segmentalis basalis anterior 98 latera lis 99 - - - medialis 99 - - - posterior 99 - segmenti [A renalisl 2 1 6 - - anterioris hepatici 1 24 - - - renalis 1 7 1 - - posterioris hepatici 1 24 - - - renalis 1 7 1 - sig moideae 1 67-1 68, 1 76-1 77, 1 79, 2 1 2, 2 1 7, 254, 258 - spinalis anterior 45 - splenica 1 52, 1 54-1 56, 1 6 1 , 1 67-1 68, 1 70- 1 73 , 1 78-1 79, 2 1 8, 245, 248-249 - subclavia 74-75, 89, 98-99, 1 04-1 07, 1 1 1 - 1 1 3, 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 23 - - dextra 69, 99, 1 1 4, 1 1 8, 1 20 - - sin istra 99, 1 1 4, 1 20, 1 24 - subcostalis 1 1 5-1 1 6 , 245 - subscapularis 1 24 - superior latera lis genus 351 , 366, 368-369 - - medialis genus 35 1 , 358, 362, 368-369 - supraduodenalis 1 68 - suprarenalis 1 89 - - infe rior 1 82, 1 89, 2 1 7 - - media 1 82, 1 89, 2 1 7 - - superior 1 82, 1 89 - - variations 1 89 - suprasca pu laris 1 20 - surales 35 1 , 369-370 - tarsalis[-esl lateralis 351 , 374 - - mediales 351 , 374 - testicularis 70-7 1 . 1 52, 1 79, 1 93-1 94, 1 97, 2 1 7, 221 -222, 238-239, 243, 251 , 254, 256 - - variations 2 1 7 - thoracica interna 63, 66, 69, 88, 1 1 0, 1 1 2, 1 1 4- 1 1 5, 1 1 8, 1 20, 1 24, 1 26 - - - collateral circulation 69 - - lateralis 66 - thoracoacromialis 1 20 - thoracodorsalis 1 24 - thyroidea inferior 1 06 - - su perior 1 1 0 - ti bialis anterior 283, 3 5 1 , 366-370, 372, 374, 381 - - posterior 35 1 , 366, 369-372, 375-378, 381 -382 - transversa colli 38-39 - u m bilicalis 70-7 1 . 1 59, 1 85, 207, 224-225, 227-229, 236 - urethralis 1 99 - uterina 204, 224, 228-229 - - Va riabilitat 204 - - variability 204 - vaginalis 204, 228-229 - vertebralis 24, 34, 37, 39-40, 1 06, 1 1 4, 1 20
Arterial-ae/
- vesicalis[-esl inferior 225, 227-228 - - superiores 70, 224, 227, 229, 260 Arteries, hip 359 Arteriography 2 1 6 Arthroscopy, Articulatio genus 292 Articulatio[-nesl - acromioclavicularis 1 22 - atlantoaxialis lateralis 1 7- 1 9 - - mediana anterior 1 9 - - - posterior 1 9 - atlantooccipitalis 1 7- 1 9 - calcaneocuboidea 263, T39 - capitis costae 8, 1 4, 20, 22 - costotransversaria 8, 1 4, 20 - costovertebrales 20-22 - coxae 257, 263, 268-27 1 , 273, 278-279, T39 - - AP-radiograph 280 - - LAUENSTEIN projection 280 - cu neocuboidea 263, T39 - cuneonavicularis 263, T39 - femoropatellaris 263, 284 - genus 263, 284-289, 292, 323, T39 - - AP-radiograph 291 - - arthroscopy 292 - - cross-section 284 - - frontal section 290 - - lateral radiograph 291 - - M R I 293 - - sagittal section 290 - humeri 1 22-1 23, T39 - intercune iformes 263, T39 - intermetatarsales 304, T39 - interphalangeae pedis 263, T39 - lumbosacralis 268-2 7 1 - membri inferioris 2 6 3 , T39 - - - liberi 263, T39 - men iscofemoralis 263 - meniscotibialis 263 - metatarsophalangea[-ael 263, 302, 304, T39 - - hallucis 336 - pedis 300-303 - sacrococcygea 226, 252, 264 - sacroiliaca 1 , 1 6, 1 76 , 205, 230, 254, 263-264, 268-269, 271 -273, 280, 3 1 7, T39 - sternoclavicularis 46, 5 1 , 1 1 9 - sternocostales 5 1 - subtalaris 263, 304-305, 383, T39 - talocalcaneonavicularis 263, 303-305, T39 - - AP-radiograph 305 - - frontal section 304 - - lateral radiograph 305 - - sagittal section 304 - talocruralis 263, 30 1 , 304-305, 383, T39 - - AP-radiograph 305 - - frontal section 304 - - lateral radiograph 305 - - sagittal section 304 - talonavicularis 383, T39 - talotarsalis 263, 304, T39 - tarsi transversa 296, T39 - tarsometatarsales 263, 296, 304, T39 - t ibiofibularis 263, 282, 290-29 1 , 293-294, T39 - zygapophysialis 1 2 , 1 5- 1 6 , 23, 25, 29, 35, 272
Atlas 4-7, 1 2 , 1 7- 1 9 , 3 1 , 33-34, 39-40 Atrium - cordis dextrum 74-76, 78, 82, 84-85, 89, 99, 1 0 1 , 1 1 4, 1 1 9- 1 2 1 , 1 27, 243-244, 255 - - sinistrum 75-76, 79, 82, 84-85, 89, 99, 1 0 1 , 1 1 4, 1 1 9, 1 26- 1 27 Auricula - dextra 74, 78-80, 84, 98, 1 1 4 - sinistra 74-76, 79, 84-85, 98, 1 01 , 1 1 4, 1 26 Axilla 1 22- 1 23 Axis 4, 6-7, 1 2, 1 7- 1 9 , 33 - pelvis 265 B
Back 1 , 37 - cutaneous innervation, segmental 36 - dermatomes 36 - lines of orientation - muscles 26-34 - regions 1 - surface anatomy BARTHOLIN's gland 200, 233, 235 Basis - ossis metatarsi 295, 298, 302 - - - hallucis 296 - - sacri 1 0- 1 1 , 1 5, 273 - patellae 284, 290-291 - phalangis [Pesl 295 - prostatae 1 95 - pulmonis 95 - pyramidis 1 83 Bifurcatio - aortae 1 77, 1 79, 359 - tracheae 90-9 1 , 99, 1 02, 1 04-1 05, 1 07, 1 1 9, 1 25 - trunci pulmonalis 75-76, 85, 89 BOCHDALEK's triangle 63 BOYD's vein 352 Bronchi, segmental s. Bronchus[ -il segmentalis[-esl Bronchiolus[-il 98 - terminalis 98 Bronchography/Bronchoscopy 93 - Bifurcatio tracheae 1 02 - segmental bronchi 1 02 Bronchus[-iJ 90-92, 98 - arterial supply 99 - bronchography 93 - bronchoscopy 1 02 - intrasegmentalis 1 20, 1 24 - lingularis inferior [B VI 90, 93, 1 02 - - superior [B IVI 90, 93, 1 02 - loba ris[-esl 92, 1 07 - - infe rior 1 26 - - - dexter 90-9 1 , 95, 1 20- 1 2 1 - - - sinister 90-91 , 93 , 98 - - medius 90-91 , 95, 1 2 1 , 1 26 - - superior 1 25 dexter 90-9 1 , 95, 99, 1 04, 1 25 sinister 90-9 1 , 93, 98-99, 1 02 - principalis dexter 88, 90-9 1 , 95, 99, 1 0 1 - 1 02, 1 04-1 05, 1 07, 1 09, 1 1 2, 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 1 9- 1 20, 1 25 - - sinister 90-9 1 , 93, 95, 99, 1 02, 1 04- 1 05, 1 1 3, 1 1 5 , 1 1 7, 1 1 9, 1 25 - projection 90
I ndex
Bronchus{-i!
Canalis{-es!
Cartilago{-ines!
Cingulum
- segmentalisl-esl 90-92, 99 - - anterior [B IIi] 90, 93, 1 02, 1 22, 1 24-1 25 - - a picalis [B I] 90 - - apicoposterior [B I + I I] 90, 93, 1 02 - - basalis anterior [B VIII] 90, 93, 1 02 cardiacus [B VI I ] s, B ronchusl-il segmentalis basalis medialis [B VII] lateralis [B IX] 90, 93, 1 02, 1 27 medialis [B VII] 90 posterior [B X] 90, 93, 1 02, 1 26 - - bronchoscopy 1 02 - - lateralis [B IV] 90 - - medialis [B V] 90 - - posterior [B I i ] 90, 1 24- 1 25 - - superior [B VI] 90, 93, 1 02 B R U N N E R's glands 1 36 Bulbus - aortae 79, 87 - penis 1 96, 1 98, 236, 252 - vestibuli 200, 228, 235, 237, 241 , 261 Bursa[-ael - a nserina 3 1 6 - iliopectinea 3 1 0 , 355 - i nfrapatellaris profunda 285, 288-289 - ischiadica musculi obturato rii interni 3 1 1 - musculi semimembranosi 329-331 - omentalis 1 57, 1 6 1 , 1 66-1 67, 247-249 - subcutanea calcanea 338 - - coccygea 3 7 - - infrapatellaris 306, 3 1 3 - - prepatellaris 284, 306 - - sacralis 37 - - spinae iliacae posterioris superioris 3 7 - - trochanterica 3 1 1 - subfascialis prepatella ris 288 - subtendinea i liaca 256, 3 1 5-3 1 6, 380 - - musculi gastrocnemii media lis 3 1 1 , 329-331 - - - obturatorii i nterni 256-257 - - - sartorii 3 1 6 - - prepatellaris 3 1 3 - suprapatellaris 285, 288, 290, 292 - trochanterica musc u l i g lutei maximi 279, 3 1 9-3 2 1 - - - - m e d i i 256, 279, 3 1 1 , 3 2 1
- ingui nalis 239 - nervi hypog lossi 1 8 - obturatorius 2 1 2-2 1 3, 230, 268, 278-279, 3 1 6-3 1 7, 355 - pudendalis 230 - pyloricus 1 30, 1 35, 1 52 - sacralis 1 0- 1 1 , 24, 227, 252, 271 , 31 7 - vertebralis 3, 24, 4 1 -43, 45, 3 1 7 - - veins 42 Capsula - adiposa 1 82, 1 88, 2 1 7, 245-247, 249 - articularis IArticulatio atlantoaxialis lateralisl 1 7- 1 8 - - [Articulatio atlantooccipitalisl 18 IArticulatio costovertebralisl 2 1 -22 - IArticulatio coxael 268, 270-27 1 - - [Articulatio genusl 285, 290, 293, 323 - - IArticulatio metatarsopha la ngea hallucisl 336 [Articulatio sternoclavicu lansl 5 1 IArticulatio zygapophysialisl 25 - - [Columna vertebralisl 42 - fibrosa I Renl 1 8 2 - 1 84, 246-247 Caput - breve 1M biceps brachiil 54 - - [ M , biceps femorisl 3 1 8 , 320-323, 363, 3 8 1 , T40, T46 - costae 8, 1 4, 22, 49 - epididymidis 1 92-1 94, 239, 252 - femoris 256, 259-26 1 , 27 1 , 273, 275-277, 279-280, 359 - fibulae 262, 282-283, 285-287, 29 1 , 293-294, 306, 3 1 3, 322, 332, 367 - humen 1 22- 1 23 - laterale 1M gastrocnemiusl 284, 286-288, 320-323, 326, 328-330, 362, 369-370, T49 - - 1 M, triceps brachiil 52 - longum 1M. biceps bra c h i i l 1 22 - - 1M biceps femorisl 3 1 7-323, 362-363, 380-38 1 , T46 - - 1 M , triceps brachiil 37, 52 - mediale 1M. gastrocnemiusl 284, 286-287, 308, 320-32 1 , 323, 326, 328-33 1 , 362, 369-370, 381 , T49 - obliquum 1M adductor hallucisl 304, 339, 342, 378, 383-384, T52 - ossis metatarsi 295, 298 - - - q u i nti 296 - pancreatis 1 34, 1 40, 1 52-1 53, 1 67, 1 73 , 1 79, 243-244 phalangis I Pesl 295 - rectum 278-279, 3 1 5 , T44 - reflexum 278-279 , 3 1 5, T44 - tali 295-298, 305, 382-383 - transversum 1M add u ctor hallucisl 339-342, 378, T40, T52 Cardia 1 09, 1 30- 1 3 1 , 1 60, 242, 247 Carina tracheae 1 02, 1 1 9 Cartilagol- inesl - articularis 284 - arytenoidea 91 - bronchiales 90, 1 02 - corniculata 9 1 - costalis 5 1 , 55, 57-58, 70, 1 1 5, 1 25, 1 27
- cricoidea 1 2, 1 1 9 - epiphysia lis 274 - fibrosa I Discus intervertebralisl 272 - hyalina [Discus i ntervertebralisl 272 - thyroidea 35, 58, 90-9 1 , 1 04, 1 1 0, 1 1 9- 1 2 0 - tracheales 90-9 1 , 1 04-1 05, 1 1 9 Carunculae hymenales 233, 235 Cauda - epididymidis 1 92-1 94, 252 - equina 24, 29, 4 1 , 43-44, 242, 250-25 1 , 254 - pancreatis 1 34, 1 52, 1 54- 1 55, 1 6 1 , 1 66-1 67, 1 79, 244, 249 Cave of RETZIUS 207, 252 Cavea - thoracis 48, 55 - - AP-radiograph 1 0 1 Caverna l -ael - corporis cavernosi 1 98- 1 99 - - spongiosi 1 99 Cavltasl-tesl - articularis IArticu latio coxael 2 7 1 , 273, 279-280 - glenoidalis 48, 1 22 - i n fraglottica 1 1 9 - medullaris 277, 281 - nasi 1 2 - pericardiaca 1 1 9, 1 25 - peritonealis 1 57, 1 67, 242-244, 247-25 1 - - development 1 57 - pleuralis 1 1 2-1 1 3, 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , 1 26, 1 55, 248-249 - serosa scroti 61 - symphysialis 272 - thoracis 1 1 9, 1 24- 1 25, 1 27 - CT 1 29 - frontal section 1 20-1 22 - median sagittal section 1 1 9 - M R I 1 20- 1 21 - transverse section 1 23 , 1 25-1 26 - uteri 201 -203, 237, 253, 259 Cavum serosum scroti 6 1 , 1 94 Centrum - perinei 230-23 1 - tendineum 55, 62-63, 73, 1 04, 1 06, 1 1 2- 1 1 3 , 242, 246 Cerebellum 40 Cerebrospinal fluid, p u n cture 44 Cervical part of the vertebral column 1 7, 43 - AP-radiograph 1 3 - CT 35 - lateral radiograph 1 2 Cervix - uteri 203-205, 237 - vesicae 1 95 Chiasma - crurale 326 - plantare 342 - tarsale 326 CHOPART's joint 296, T39 Chorda [-ael - arteriae umbilicalis 6 1 , 66, 7 1 -72, 1 58, 1 96, 229, 236, 253 - tendi neae 79-81 - urachi 6 1 , 72, 236 Cingulu m - membri inferioris s, Cingulum pelvicum - - superioris s, Cingulum pec torale
- pectorale 3, 48 - pelvicum 3, 263-264 Cisterna - cerebellomedullaris 40 - chyli 1 1 6, 2 1 8 Clavicula 3, 46-48, 5 1 -52, 90, 1 01 , 1 08, 1 1 0, 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 8, 1 20, 1 22- 1 23 , 1 59 Cleft, uncovertebral 24 Clitoris 207, 223 , 231 Clivus 1 8 COCKETT's veins 352 Coeliacography 1 71 Colliculus seminalis 1 90, 1 98 Collum 257 - costae 8, 20, 49 - femoris 259, 273, 275-280 - fibulae 283 - tali 296-298, 305 - vesicae biliaris 1 49- 1 5 1 Colon 1 38-1 39, 1 88 - AP-radiograph 1 4 1 - ascendens 1 3 8-1 4 1 , 1 58, 1 6 1 - 1 62, 1 65- 1 66, 1 80, 1 86, 244, 251 , 254 - descend ens 1 38, 1 40, 1 59, 1 65-1 66, 1 77, 1 80, 1 86, 244-245, 249-251 , 254-255 - layers of the wa ll 1 39 - projection 1 3 8 - sigmoideum 1 38, 1 40, 1 57-1 58, 1 62, 1 64-1 67, 1 75, 1 77, 1 79, 207, 209, 21 2-2 1 3 , 2 1 5, 2 1 7-2 1 8, 226, 242, 244, 251 -254, 258 - transversum 1 38- 1 40, 1 49, 1 57-1 58, 1 60- 1 62, 1 64- 1 66, 1 75, 242-244, 246-247, 249-250 - - variations i n position 1 4 1 Colonoscopy 1 41 , 2 1 1 Columnal-ael - anales 2 1 0- 2 1 1 , 242, 252, 258 - ren a les 1 83, 246 - rugarum anterior 235 - vertebralis 2-4, 42 - - nerves 42 Commissura - la biorum a nterior 235 - - posterior 235 Compartimentum - cruris anterius 366 - - laterale 366 - - posterius 366 Complexus stimulans cordis 82-83 Computed tomography [CTI - abdomen 249, 251 - cervical part of the vertebral column 35 - lumbar part of the vertebral column 35 - Mm abdomi n i s 73 - Mm dorsi 29 - pelvis 254 - - of the female 257 - - of the male 256 - thoracic cavity 1 25 Cond ucting system 82-83 Condylus - lateralis [Femurl 275, 277, 281 , 285-287, 290-293 - - [Tibial 282, 287, 290-293 - medialis I Femurl 275, 277, 28 1 , 285-287, 290-293 , 3 1 3-3 1 4 - - ITibial 282, 290-29 1 , 293, 327, 329, 33 1 -332 - occipitalis 6
c
Caecum 1 38-1 40, 1 58, 1 62- 1 66, 1 75, 209, 25 1 , 254 - projection 1 40 Calcaneus 295-30 1 , 303-304, 383 Calices renales 2 1 6 - majores 1 83, 1 86, 245 - mi nores 1 83- 1 84, 1 86, 246, 250 Calx 262 Canal of ALC O C K 230, 258 Canalisl-esl - adductorius 3 1 4 , 3 5 1 - a n a l i s 2 1 1 , 2 1 5, 252 - cervicis uteri 201 -203, 253
-
I ndex
Conjugata - anatomica 265 - diagonalis 265 - vera 264-265 Conus arteriosus 74, 84, 98 Cor 67, 74-75, 98, 1 1 4, 242 - a rterial supply 85 - atrium, left 79 - - right 78, 82 - balanced coronary artery supply 85-86 - conducting system 82-83 - coronary arteries 84, 86-87 - - coronary a ngiography 87 - dominant left coronary artery supply 85-86 - dominant right coronary artery su pply 85-86 innervation 83 - position 77 - - during exspi ratlon/inspiration 88 - projection 1 0 1 - ultrasound image 1 26 - valves, poi nts of auscultation 77 - - projection 77 - ventricle, left 79-82 - - right 78, 80-82 Cornu - anterius IMeniscus lateralisl 290, 293 - coccygeu m 1 1 - inferius I M a rgo falciformisl 306, 355 - posterius IMeniscus lateralisl 290, 293 - sacrale 1 0- 1 1 - superius IMarg o falciformisl 306 , 355 Corona g landis 1 96 , 1 98-199, 252 Coronary a n g iography 87 Coronary arteries 84, 86 Corpusl-oral - adiposum infrapatellare 285, 290, 293, 323 - - pararenale 1 88 - - IRenl 1 83 - albicans 201 - anococcygeum 207, 226, 230-233, 235, 240-241 , 252, 257 - cavernosum clitoridis 207, 235, 253 penis 1 92 , 1 96- 1 9 7, 1 99 , 222, 227, 239, 242-243, 252, 259 recti 2 1 1 - IClaviculal 46-47 - clitoridis 23 1 , 253 - costae 49, 1 0 1 - epididymidis 1 9 1 , 1 94 - femoris 2 1 5 , 275, 277, 2 9 1 - fibu lae 283 , 2 9 1 - gastricum 1 2 1 , 1 28 , 1 30, 1 32-1 33, 1 58, 1 60-1 6 1 , 245 - luteum 201 -202 - - menstruationis 202 - mammae 52 - ossis ilium 259, 267 - - ischii 266-267 - - metatarsi 295, 298, 334 - - pubis 230, 243, 266-267 - pancreatis 1 34, 1 52- 1 55, 1 6 1 , 1 66 , 1 73 - penis 1 97 - phalangis I Pesl 295 - spongiosum penis 1 92 , 1 9 6- 1 99 , 222, 232, 239, 242, 252, 259-260 -
Corpusl-orai
- sterni 3, 47, 50-5 1 , 55, 90, 1 1 9 , 1 24-1 26, 242 - tali 296-297, 304 - tibiae 282-283, 2 9 1 - uteri 201 , 203-204, 237, 253, 259 - vertebrae 5-9, 1 2-25 , 29, 35, 4 1 , 45, 72, 1 25, 1 55 , 1 88, 249, 251 - vesicae 1 90- 1 9 1 - - biliaris 1 49- 1 5 1 - - cystoscopy 1 90 Corpusculum renale 1 84 Cortex - IGlandula supra renalisl 1 89 - renalis 1 83-1 84, 1 88, 246-247, 250 Costa l-ael 2-3, 5, 8, 1 4 - 1 6 , 20-22, 27, 2 9 , 3 1 -32, 34, 4 1 , 48-49, 54, 58, 63, 69, 73, 1 03, 1 1 0, 1 1 3, 1 1 5- 1 1 6 , 1 1 8- 1 20, 1 2 2, 1 24- 1 27, 1 32 , 1 44, 1 83, 1 88 , 2 1 6-2 1 7, 220, 245-250 - fluctuantes [XI : XII] 48 - spuriae [VI I I - X I I J 48 - verae [I-VIIJ 48 COWPER's g land 226, 232, 234 Coxa - valga 276 - vara 276 Craniocervical junctions 1 7- 1 9 - AP-radiogra ph 1 9 Crista - capitis costae 49 - colli costae 49 - I liaca 1 -2, 1 5, 26-27, 37, 44, 47, 62, 73, 1 03 , 1 76 , 1 83, 2 1 6 , 220, 230, 254, 264, 266-26 7, 27 1 , 273, 307, 3 1 7 , 3 1 9-320, 322, 360, 364 - intertrochanterica 273, 275-276 - med ialis 283 - obturatoria 266-267 - occipitalis externa 6 - pubica 266 - sacralis lateralis 1 0 - - medialis 1 0 - - mediana 1 0- 1 1 , 1 5, 360 - urethralis 1 90, 1 98 C rusl-ral 263 - clitoridis 200, 235, 237, 2 6 1 - compartments 366 - cross-section 381 -382 - cutaneous innervation 350 - dextrum IFasciculus atriovent ricularisl 82-83 IPars lumbalis, Dlaphragmal 62-63, 68, 1 04, 1 06 , 1 1 6 , 1 5 5, 249, T21 - extensors 326 - flexors 326 - laterale IAnulus inguinalis superficialisl 56, 58, 60, 239 - mediale IAnulus inguinalis superficiallsl 56, 58, 60, 239 - muscles 324-332, T47-T50 - - latera l 366 - - origins and insertions 3 1 0-31 1 , 324-325 - osteofibrous tubes 366 - penis 1 96 , 1 98, 226, 236, 260 - sinistrum IFasciculus atrioventricularisl 82-83 - - I Pa rs lumbalis, Diap h ragmal 63, 1 04, 1 06 , 1 1 6, 248, T2 1 Cryptae intestinales s. G landulae i ntestina les
Cumulus oophorus 202 Cupula pleurae 1 03, 1 22 Curvatura - major 1 28- 1 30, 1 32 , 1 58-1 6 1 - m i n o r 1 28- 1 30, 1 32 , 1 35 , 1 60- 1 6 1 Cuspis - a nterior IValva atrioventricularis dextral 77-78, 8 1 -82 - - IValva atrioventricularis sinist ral 77, 79-80, 82, 1 26 - commissuralis dextra 77 - - sinistra 77 - posterior IVa lva atrioventricularis dextral 77-78 , 80-8 1 - - IValva atrioventricularis sinis tral 77, 79-8 1 , 1 26 - septalis IValva atrioventricularis dextral 77-78, 80 Cutaneous innervation, segmental - back 36 - lower limb 346 Cutaneous nerves, lower limb 349 Cutis 70, 1 88, 2 1 0 Cystoscopy 1 90- 1 9 1 o
Defaecography 2 1 5 Dens axis 6-7, 1 2, 1 8- 1 9 Dermatomes - back 36 - lower limb 346 Dia meterlsl - obliqua I 264 - obliqua II 264 Diameterlsl - lof the pelvis i n the female 265 - sagittalis 265 - transversa 264-265 - tuberalis 265 Diaphragma 54-55, 59, 62-63 , 67, 69, 73, 87, 1 0 1 , 1 04- 1 1 2 , 1 1 6- 1 2 1 , 1 42 , 1 44, 1 48- 1 49 , 1 52 , 1 57, 1 59 - 1 6 � 255, T21 - pelvis 1 88, 237, 242, 245-246, 249-250, T22 - - of the female 230-23 1 , 233 - - of the male 232, 236 - urogenitale 237, 24 1 , 243, 26 1 , T22 - - of the female 234-235 - - of the male 234 Digitusi-il - minimus IPesl 262, 295 - pediS 263 - primus IPesl s. Hallux - qua rtus I Pesl 262, 295 - quintus IPesl s, Digitus minimus - secundus I Pesl 262, 295 - tertius I Pesl 262, 295 Discus - articularis IArticulatio stern oclavicularlsl 51 - interpubicus 207, 268, 271 -272, T39 - i ntervertebralis 4, 1 2, 1 7, 1 9-25, 29 , 35 , 42, 45, 1 78 , 259, 268, 2 7 1 Distantia - intercristalis 265 - interspinosa anterior 265 - - posterior 265 - pubococcygea 265
Diverticuluml-al - a mpullae 1 9 1 - cervical 1 09 - e p l p h renic 1 09 - i lei 1 3 7 - mid-oesophageal 1 09 - of MECKEL 1 37 - of ZEN KER 1 09 DODD's veins 306, 352 Dorsum - lines of orientation 1 - of the foot, muscles 333-337, T51 -T52 - pedis 262, 368, 373-374 - penis 1 97 - regions 1 - surface a natomy 1 DOUGLAS, Pouch of 1 57, 1 67, 207, 229, 253 Duct - of MULLER 1 92 , 200 - of SANTO R I N I 1 52 - of WIRSUNG 1 52 - of WOLFF 1 92, 200 Ductulusl- i l - aberrans inferior 1 92 , 1 94 - efferentes testis 1 94, 252 - prostatici 1 90, 1 98 - transversi 200-201 Ductusl-usl - alveolares 98 - arteriosus [BOTALLO] 75 - b i liaris s. Ductus choledochus - bilifer interlobularis 1 45 - choledochus 1 42 , 1 46 , 1 50-1 54, 1 70, 1 72 , 1 79 , 243, 249 - - AP-radiograph 1 5 1 , 1 54 - - variability 1 50, 1 53 - cysticus 1 3 1 , 1 50-1 54, 1 67, 1 70, 1 79 , 249 - deferens {Vas deferensl 60-61 , 70-7 1 , 1 66 , 1 79 , 1 90- 1 92 , 1 94- 1 97, 2 2 1 -222, 226-227, 236, 238-239, 243, 252, 256, 258 - - AP-radiogra p h 1 95 - ejaculatorius 1 90, 1 92 , 1 95 - 1 9 6 , 1 98 - epoophorontis longitudinalis s, Ductus longitudinalis - excretorius 1 53 , 1 96 - g landulae bulbourethralis 1 92 , 1 98, 234 - hepaticus communis 1 3 1 , 1 50- 1 54, 1 67, 1 70, 1 79 - - dexter 1 46 , 1 50- 1 5 1 - - sinister 1 50 - 1 5 1 - lactiferi 64 - longitudinalis 200-20 1 - mesonephricus 1 92 , 200 - omphaloentericus 1 3 7 - pancreaticus 1 50, 1 52-1 54, 242-243 - - accessorius 1 52 - 1 53 - - AP-radiograph 1 54 - - variability 1 53 - paramesonephricus 1 92 , 200 - paraurethralis 235 - thoracicus 63, 1 1 3 , 1 1 5- 1 1 6, 1 2 1 , 1 24-1 27, 245, 248-249 - venosus [ARANTIUSJ 1 43 Duodenum 1 1 7, 1 28 - 1 30, 1 33- 1 36 , 1 40, 1 49- 1 54, 1 57, 1 60- 1 6 1 , 1 63 , 1 65-1 67, 1 70, 1 79- 1 80, 243-244, 255 - AP-radiograph 1 32, 1 35 - endoscopy 1 35 - layers of the wa ll 1 36
I n dex
Duodenum
Facies articularis
Fascia
Fissural-ae}
- projection 1 34 Dura mater - c ra n ialis 1 9 - spinalis 1 9 , 40-4 1 , 43-45, 1 1 9
- - -
- i nvestiens perinei superficialis s Fascia perinei - lata 306-307, 3 1 3-3 1 5 , 3 1 9, 355, 360, 381 - nuchae 39 - obturatorla 230, 232-233, 3 1 7 - pedis 382 - pelvis parietalis 253 - - visceralis 237, 252 - penis profunda 1 97, 1 99 , 238 - - superficialis 1 99 - perinei 230, 232-235, 260 - rectoprostatica 252 - rectovaginalis 207, 253 - renalis 1 88, 246-247 - spermatlca externa 60-6 1 , 70, 1 97, 239 - - i nterna 6 1 , 70, 1 93-1 94, 1 9 7, 239 - superficlalis ICanalis inguinalis) 61 - thoracolu m balis 22, 24-32, 35, 52, 72, 3 1 9 - transversalis 3 1 , 58-62 , 69, 72-73 - vesicovagmalis 207 Fasciculus[- i ) - atrloventricularis 82-84 - latera lis 1 22 - longitudinales [Lig. cruciforme atlantis] 1 8- 1 9 - medialis 1 22 - posterior 1 22 - transversi [Aponeurosis plantaris] 338 Fat pad, parathymic 111 Fem u r 3, 2 1 5 , 256-257, 262-263, 273-277, 280-28 1 , 284-287, 290-293, 3 1 3-3 1 6, 323, 328, 330, 369 , 381 - a n g le between neck and shaft of the femur 276 - - of ante torsion 277 - AP-ra diograph 274 - arteries 35 1 . 359 - - dig ital subtraction angiography [oSA) 359 - cross-section 380-381 - fascia 306-307 - muscles 3 1 0-323, T42-T46 - - origins and i nsertions 3 1 0-3 1 1 - structure o f the tra becular bone 276 - veins 352 Fi brae - intercrurales 56, 58, 60 - obliquae 1 29 Fibula 262-263, 282-283, 285-287, 294, 300-30 1 , 304-305, 330-33 1 , 335, 366, 381 -382 Filuml-a] - rad icu laria IN. spinalis] 45 - - posteriora 40 - terminale 43, 242, 252 Fimbrial-ae) - ovarica 201 - tubae uteri nae 201 , 209, 253 Fissura[-ae) - horizontalis pulmonis dextri 94-95, 1 20 - ligamentl teretis 1 42 - obliqua 94-95, 99, 1 20 - 1 2 1 , 1 24- 1 27
- portalis dextra 1 47 - - principalis 1 47 - umbilicalis 1 47 Flatfoot 303, 384 Flexio [Uterus) 203 Flexura - anorectalis 2 1 0, 226 - coli dextra 1 38, 1 55 , 1 60-1 63, 1 65-1 66, 1 75 - - sinistra 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 32, 1 38, 1 62, 1 6 5- 1 66, 1 75 - d uodeni inferior 1 3 1 , 1 53, 1 75 - - superior 1 53 - duodenojej unalis 1 34- 1 35, 1 52, 1 66- 1 6 7, 1 77, 244 - perinealis s Flexura anorectalis - sacralis 2 1 0, 226 Foetus, ultrasound i mage 206 Fold of KOHLRAUSCH 2 1 0, 252 FoUiculus[ - i ) - atreticus 2 0 2 - ovaricus[-i1 maturus 202 - - vesiculosi 20 1 , 253 - primarii 202 Foot s. Pes Foot prints 384 Foramen[-ina) - costotransversarium 8, 2 1 - epi ploicum s Foramen omentale - infrapiriforme 3 1 7, 3 1 9-32 1 , 360, 364 - intervertebrale 4, 1 2 , 1 4- 1 5 , 22, 25, 29, 35, 4 1 , 45, 271 - ischiadicum majus 230, 265, 269-27 1 , 3 1 9 , 360 - - m i nus 265, 269-27 1 , 3 1 7, 3 1 9, 321 - magnum 6, 40 - nutricium 282-283, 3 1 1 - obturatum 229, 265-266, 269, 27 1 , 273-274, 280 - omentale 1 60, 1 66- 1 67 - ova Ie ICori 78 - papilla ria 1 83 - sacralia anteriora 1 0 , 1 6 . 3 1 7 - - posteriora 1 0- 1 1 - suprapi riforme 3 1 7, 3 1 9-320, 360 - transversarium 6-7, 35 - venae basivertebralis 9 , 2 5 - - cavae 55, 62-63, 1 04, 1 06, T21 - vena rum m in i m arum 78 - vertebrale 6-9, 35, 1 25 - W I N SLOWI 1 60 Fornix - gastricus 1 30, 1 32, 242, 247 - vag inae 202, 205, 207, 253 Fossa - acetabuli 7 1 . 230, 256, 260, 266-267, 273, 279-280 - iliaca 264, 266, 2 7 1 - inguinalis lateralis 59, 6 1 , 7 1 , 236 - - medialis 59, 6 1 , 7 1 , 236 - intercondyla ris 275, 277, 281 , 29 1 , 293 - ischioanalis 232-233, 236, 256-258 - maUeoli lateralis 283 - navicularis urethrae 1 98-1 99, 252 - ovalis 78 - paravesicalis 59, 260-261 - poplitea 262, 307, 321 , 360-363, 366, 369-372
E
Embryo, u ltrasound image 206 Eminentia - i liopubica 230, 264, 266-267, 273 - intercondylaris 282, 290-291 - plantaris intermedia 384 - - lateralis 338, 384 - - medialis 338, 384 Endocardiu m 80 Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreaticography [ERCP) 1 54 Epicardium s. La mina visceralis (Pericardium serosum) Epicondylus - lateralis [ Femur) 275, 281 , 284, 290-2 9 1 - medialis [Femurl 275, 277. 28 1 , 284, 287, 290-29 1 , 3 1 5 Epididymis 6 1 , 1 85, 1 9 2- 1 94, 222, 239, 242-243 Epiglottis 1 2 Epineuri u m 43 Epiorc h i u m 1 94 Epiphysis - anularis 5, 7-9 , 24-25 - of the head of the fem u r 274 Episiotomy 233 Epithelium 1 05, 1 30, 1 36, 1 39 Epoophoron 200 Erection 222 Excavatio - rectouterina 1 57, 1 67, 2 0 1 -202, 205, 207, 229, 253, 257 - rectovesicalis 1 66, 1 90, 1 96, 2 1 0 , 2 1 7, 226, 236, 243 , 252 - vesicouterina 1 57, 1 67, 202, 205. 207, 209, 237, 253 Extremitas - acromialis 47. 1 22 - a nterior [Splen) 1 56, 1 59 - inferior [ Ren) 1 64, 1 67, 1 86, 1 88, 2 1 6 - - [Testis] 1 93 - posterior [Splen] 1 56 - sternalis 3, 47, 1 08 - superior [ Ren] 1 60, 1 66, 1 88, 216 - - [Testis) 1 93 - t u baria 201 - uterina 201
F Facies - anterior [Glandula suprarenalis) 1 89 - - [ PateUa) 284-285, 290-29 1 - - [ Ren) 1 88 - anteroinferior 1 64 - anterosuperior 1 6 1 - articularis anterior [Axis) 6 calcanea 298 anterior 297 - - - media 297 - - - posterior 297 - - capitis costae 49 - fi bulae 283
c u boidea 297-298 fibularis 282 inferior (Atlas) 6 - [Tibia) 282, 294, 301 - [Vertebra lumbalis) 9 malleoli lateralis 283, 294, 301 - medialis 282, 294, 301 - - navicularis 297-298 [PateUa) 284-285 , 290, 292 - - posterior [Axis] 6 - - superior IAtlas) 6, 1 9 - - - ITibia] 282, 293 - - talaris 303 anterior 297-298 , 303 - - - media 297-298, 303 - - - posterior 297-298 , 303 - - tuberculi costae 49 - auricula ris 1 0- 1 1 , 266 - colica 1 56 - contacta hepatis 2 1 7 - costalis IPulmo] 94-95 - d i a p h ragmatica [ Hepar] 1 42 , 1 45, 1 60- 1 6 1 - - I Pulmo) 95 - - [Splen) 1 56 - dorsalis IDs sacrum] 26 - gastrica ISplen) 1 56, 1 66 - 1 67 - g lutea 267 - intervertebralis 7-9, 1 2, 1 4 - 1 6, 25 - intestinalis 201 -202 , 209, 229, 253 - lateralis [Fibula] 283 - - [Testis] 1 93 - - [Tibia] 282-283 - lunata 230, 266-267, 279 - maUeolaris lateralis 296-298 - - medialis 296-298 - medialis [ Fibula] 283 - - [Ovarium] 201 - - [Tibia) 282-283, 306, 327, 367 - pateUaris 275, 28 1 , 284-286, 290, 292 - pelvica 1 1 - poplitea 275, 277, 29 1 , 323, 328, 330, 369 - posterior IFibula] 283 - - [ Prostata] 1 9 1 - - I Ren] 1 88 - - ITibia) 282-283 - renalis [Splen) 1 56 - sacropelvica 266 - superior (Talus] 297 - symphysialis 3, 266, 27 1 , 279 - vesicalis 202, 209, 253 - visceralis [ Hepar] 1 45 , 1 60 - - (Splen] 1 56 Falx septl 79 Fascia - axiUaris 58 - bra c h i i 58 - cervicalis 1 1 0, 1 1 9 - clavi pectoralis 58 - cremasterica 6 1 , 1 93- 1 94, 1 97, 239 , 252 - c ribrosa 2 1 8, 306 - cruris 306-307, 328, 365-366, 38 1 -382 - deltoidea 26-27 - dorsalis pedis 306, 379, 384 - glutea 5 2 , 307, 3 1 9, 362 - i liaca 1 79 - i nferior d i a p h ragmatis pelvis 230 - infraspinata 26-28
I n d ex
- su pravesicalis 6 1 , 71 , 236 - trochanterica 275-277 , 279 - vestibuli vaginae 235 Fovea[-ae] - capitis femoris 273, 275-277, 279-280 - costalis Inferior 8, 20 - - processus transversi 8-9, 2 1 , 45 - - superior 8-9, 20-21 - dentis 6 , 1 9 Foveolae gastricae 1 30 FRANKENHAuSER's ganglion 223 Frenulum - clitoridis 235, 253 - labiorum pudendi 235 - ost i i ilea lis 1 39 - preputii 1 99 Fundus - gastricus 1 20, 1 28-1 30, 1 32, 1 49, 1 60 - uteri 1 67, 201 -204, 207, 209, 253 - vesicae 1 67, 1 95- 1 96 , 1 98 - - biliaris 1 49-1 50, 1 58, 1 63 , 1 66 Funiculus - spermatic us 56-58, 60, 68, 1 93 , 1 97, 2 1 8, 226-227, 238, 256, 306, 354-355 - u m b i licalis 70, 206, 208
Gland[s] - of BARTHOLIN 200, 233, 235 - of B R U N N E R 1 36 - of COWPER 226, 232, 234 Glandula[-ae} - areolares 64 - bulbourethralis 1 92 . 1 96 , 1 98, 222, 226, 232 . 234, 236 - d u odenales 1 36 - gastricae 1 30 - intestinales 1 36 , 1 39 - mammana 1 25 - 1 27 - oesophageae 1 0 5 - supra renalis 1 52 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 7, 1 79 , 1 82 , 1 85 . 1 89 , 2 1 7, 245, 249 - thyroidea 1 04- 1 05, 1 07, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 8- 1 1 9 - tracheales 9 1 - vesiculosa 1 9 1 - 1 92, 1 95-1 96, 222, 226-227, 236, 242-243, 256, 258 - - AP-radiograph 1 95 - vest i b ularis major 200, 233, 235. 237 Glans - clitoridis 200, 207, 233 , 235 - penis 1 92 . 1 96 - 1 99 , 222, 242-243 , 252 GLISSON, Triad of 1 45 Glomus coccygeum 253 G RAAFian follicle 2 0 1 Gubernaculum testis 7 0 , 1 9 2
G
H
Ganglion[-ia} - cardiacum 1 20 - cervicale medium 83, 1 1 7, 1 20 - - superius 83 - cervicothoracicum 83, 1 1 7 , 1 20 - coeliaca 2 1 4, 249 - of FRANKEN HAUSER 223 - mesentericum inferius 2 1 4 - pelvica 2 1 4 , 222-223 - sacralia 225 - sensoria nervorum spinalium 24, 40-43, 45 - stellatum s. Ganglion cervi cothoracicum - thoracica 1 1 3- 1 1 4, 1 1 7, 1 20- 1 2 1 - trunci sympathici 41 -43, 45, 2 1 4 , 222-223 Gaster 63, 67, 1 04. 1 06 , 1 08- 1 09 , 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , 1 28-1 35, 1 40, 1 5 5, 1 5 7- 1 6 1 , 1 66 , 1 70, 1 72 , 1 79-1 80, 2 1 7. 242-244, 246-250, 255 - AP-radiograph 1 32 , 1 7 1 - arteries, variability 1 70 - forms 1 32 - layers of the wall 1 30 - projection 1 32 Gastroscopy 1 33 Genital organs - female 223 - - development 200 external 233, 235, 241 innervation 223 i nternal 204, 209 - male 222, 239 - - development 1 92 - - external 1 97, 238. 240 - - innervation 222 Genu 263 - muscles 323 G I M B E R NAT's ligament 355
HACH. deep perforating vein of 352
Fossa
H aemorrhoids 2 1 1 Hallux 262, 295, 299 H austra coli 1 38- 1 39 , 1 4 1 , 1 63 HEAD, zones of 67 Heart - aXIs 80 - shadow 1 0 1 - shape 1 0 1 - - a o rtic knob 1 0 1 - - - o f p u lmonary artery 1 0 1 - - - o f the left/right atrium 1 0 1 - - arch o f t h e ventricle 1 0 1 - veins 85 H EISTER'S valve 1 50 Hepar 54, 67, 1 1 9- 1 2 1 . 1 3 1 , 1 42- 1 46 , 1 49- 1 50 . 1 54- 1 55, 1 57, 1 80, 1 88, 242-244. 246-250, 255 - AP-radiograph 1 7 1 - arteries, variations 1 70 - form variations 1 44 - laparoscopy 1 49 - microscopic structure 1 45 - porta hepatis 1 42 - projection 1 44 - segments 1 47 - veins, projection 1 46 - - ultrasound image 1 48 Hiatus - add uctorius 3 1 5-3 1 6 , 323, 358, 362 - aortic us 62- 63, 1 04. 1 79 , T21 - oesophageus 62-63, 1 04-1 0 5 . 1 07, 1 09, 1 79 , 2 1 7, 22 1 , T21 - sacralis 1 0- 1 1 - saphenus 306, 354-355 - u rogenitalis et a n i 230 H ilum - [Glandula suprarenalis} 1 82 - renale 1 82 - splenicum 1 56, 1 6 1 , 249
Hip - arteries 359 - muscles 3 1 0-322, T42-T43 H o rseshoe kid ney 1 85 H u merus 3, 1 24 HUNTER's vein 352 Hydatid, stalked 201 Hymen 235 Hysterosalpingography 203
I leum 1 37- 1 40, 1 57- 1 58, 1 62- 1 63, 1 66, 1 75 . 209. 2 1 5 , 242-244, 251 , 254-255 I mpotentia - coeundi 222 - generandi 222 Impressio - cardiaca 9 5 - collca 1 42 - d uodenalis 142 - gastrica 1 42 - oesophagea 1 42 - renalis 1 42 - suprarenalis 1 42 InCisura - acetabuli 266-267 - angularis 1 28 , 1 30, 1 32 , 1 35 , 1 60 - a picis cord is 84-85 - cardiaca p u lmonis sinlstri 94-9 5 , 1 03 , 1 1 0 - cardialis 1 28, 1 30 - clavicu laris 50 - costalis 50 - fibularis 282 - ischiadica major 266-267 - - m inor 266-267, 280 - jugulans [Sternum] 46, 50 - ligamenti teretis 1 42 - pancreatis 1 52 - vertebralis inferior 8, 1 2, 1 5 - - superior 1 2 , 1 5 I nfundibulum - ductus paramesonephrici 1 92 - tubae uterinae 200-201 , 204, 209, 228, 253 I n g u i n a l canal 6 1 - walls 60 I ng u i nal hernia 61 - d i rect, medial 61 - i n d i rect, lateral 61 Injection, ventrogluteal 364 I nsula pancreatlca 1 53 Interacetab u la r line 265 Interarticular portion 8 , 1 5 I ntermetatarsal joints s Articulatio[ -nesl i ntermetatarsales Intersectio tendl nea 46, 56-58 Interspinal line 265 I ntestinal development 1 57 I ntestin u m - crassum 67, 1 63- 1 6 5 - tenue 67, 1 36 , 1 59, 1 63-1 64, 252-253 - - layers of the wall 1 36 I ntroitus vaginae 223 Isthmus 8, 1 5 - g landulae thyroldeae 1 04 - tubae uterinae 201 , 209, 229, 253 - uteri 201 -202, 253
J
Jej u n u m 1 32 , 1 34-1 35, 1 37, 1 52, 1 54. 1 57, 1 6 2- 1 63 , 1 65 , 1 75 , 1 79 , 242, 244, 247, 249-25 1 , 255 Joint - of C H O PART 296, T39 - of LlSFRANC 296, T39 Junctio anorectalis 2 1 0 Juncturae cinguli pelvici 268-271 , T39 K KOHLER's teardrop 280 KOHLRAUSCH's fold 2 1 0, 252 KRISTELLER, mucous plug of 207
L Labium - anterius 202, 205 - externum 264, 266-26 7, 322 - i nternum 264, 266-267 - laterale 275, 277 - majus pudendi 207. 231 , 235, 253, 2 6 1 - mediale 275-277 - m i n u s pudendi 207, 223, 23 1 , 233, 235, 237, 24 1 , 253, 2 6 1 - posterius 202, 205 Labrum acetabuli 279 Lacuna[-ae] - musculorum 269, 355 - urethrales 1 98 - vasorum 62, 68, 269, 355 Lamina[-ael - anterior [Vagina musculi recti a bdominis} 52, 56-58, 70, 72, 355 - arcus vertebrae 7-9, 2 1 -23. 25, 29. 35, 4 1 , 44 - cartilaginis cricoideae 1 2, 9 1 , 119 - c ribrosa 68 - dextra \Cartila g o thyroidea ] 90-91 , 1 04 - hepatocyticae 1 45 - muscularis mucosae 1 05 , 1 30 , 1 36 , 1 39 - parietalis [Pericard i u m sero sum] 74-75, 85, 89, 1 1 9- 1 20 - - [Tunica vaginalis testis] 70. 1 93-1 94, 239 - posterior [Vagina musculi recti abdom i nis] 58, 69-70 - profunda [ Fascia thoracolum ba lis] 29, 32 - p ro p ria mucosae 1 05 , 1 30, 1 36 . 1 39 - superficialis [Fascia cervicalis} 1 1 0, 1 1 9 - - [Fascia thoracolumbalis} 29 - visceralis [Pericardium sero sum} 74-75, 78-80, 1 1 9- 1 20 - - [Tunica vag inalis testis] 1 94, 239, 242 v LAN Z 's polnt 1 40 Laparoscopy 1 49 Larynx 35. 90-91 , 1 09 LAU ENSTEIN projection 280 Leg s. Crus Lien s . Splen Ligament of G I M B E R NAT 355
I nd ex
Ligamentum(-al - alare 1 8 - anococcygeum s. Corpus anococcygeum - a nularia 90-91 - apicis dentis 1 8- 1 9 - arcuatum laterale 62-63, 6 8 - - mediale 62-63 - - medlanum 63 - a rteriosum 74-75 , 84, 88, 99, 1 04-1 05, 1 1 3-1 1 4 - atlantooccipitale laterale 1 7 - bifurcatum 300, 303 - calcaneocuboideum 300, 303 - - plantare 302 - calcaneofibulare 300-304 - calcaneonavic u lare 300, 303 - - plantare 299-300, 302-303 - capitis costae intraarticulare 22 - - - radiatum 20-21 - - femoris 236, 256, 260, 271 , 279 - - fibulae anterius 286, 294 - - - posterius 287, 290 - cardinale 201 , 205 - collaterale ( -Ial - - (Articulationes interphalangeae pedisl 302 - - fibula re 285-289, 293, 3 1 0-31 1 - - latera Ie 288 - - mediale (Articulatio genusl 287-288 - - - (Articulatio talocruralisl 300-304, 382 - - tibiale 284-290. 293 - coronarium 1 42- 1 43, 1 45, 1 60 , 1 67 - costoclavicu lare 5 1 - costotransversarium 20-2 1 , 32 - - latera Ie 20-22 - - superius 2 1 -22, 3 1 - costoxiphoidea 5 6 , 58 - cricothyroideum medianum 90 - cruciatum anterius 286-287, 289-290, 292-293 - - posterius 286-290, 293 - cruciforme atla ntis 1 8- 1 9 - c uboideonaviculare dorsale 300 - - plantare 302 - cuneocuboideum dorsale 303 - cuneonavicularia dorsalia 300, 303 - - plantaria 302 - deltoideum s. Ligamentum collaterale mediale (Articulatio talocru ralisl - denticulatum 40, 43, 45 - epididymidis inferius 1 93 - - superius 1 93 - falciforme 59, 7 1 -72, 1 42-1 43, 1 47, 1 50, 1 58-1 60, 1 66, 243, 248-249 - flavum 20-23, 25, 29, 32, 35, 4 1 , 43-45, 254 - fund iforme penis 58, 60, 238, 242-244, 252 - gastrocolicum 1 57-1 58, 1 60- 1 61 , 1 66, 1 73, 243, 247 - gastrophrenicum 1 67 - gastrosplenicum 1 56, 1 60- 1 6 1 , 1 66-1 67, 245, 247 - hepatoduodenale 1 3 1 , 1 50, 1 60-1 6 1 , 1 66-1 67 - h e patogastricum 1 3 1 , 1 57, 1 60-1 6 1 , 1 66, 247, 249 - iliofemorale 268-269, 278-279, 3 1 5. 380
Ligamentuml-al
Ligamentuml-al
Lineal-ael
- iliolumbale 3 1 , 4 1 , 2 1 7, 268-270, 272 - infundibulopelvicum 209 - inguinale 57, 60, 62, 69, 1 96 - 1 97, 234-235, 262, 268-270. 306, 3 1 3 , 3 1 7, 354-356, 359 - interclaviculare 5 1 - intercuneiformia d o rsalia 303 - interfoveolare 71 - interspinalia 25, 3 1 , 35, 44, 1 1 9 - intertransversarium 2 1 -22, 3 1 -32, 41 - ischiofemorale 278-279 - lacu nare 62, 3 1 7, 355 - latum uteri 20 1 , 209 - longitudinale anterius 1 7, 20-22, 24-25, 29, 42, 45, 55, 72, 1 1 6, 1 24, 268 - - posterius 20, 23-25, 42-43, 45 - lumbocostale 63 - meniscofemorale posterius 287-288 - metatarsale { -ial dorsalia 300 - - plantaria 302 - - transversum profundum 300, 302 - - - superficiale 338 - nuchae 25, 28, 34 - ova rii proprium 200-20 1 , 204, 209 - patellae 285, 287-290, 293, 306, 3 1 0, 3 1 2-3 1 5, 322-323, 327, 332, 356, 368 - pectineum 3 1 3 , 355 - phrenicocolicum 1 60, 1 66 - phren icosplenicum 247 - plantare { - ial 302 - - lon g u m 299-300, 302, 304, 342, 379, 383 - popliteum arcuatum 286, 288, 290, 329 - - obliquum 286-288, 293, 329-330 - pubicum inferius 230. 234, 268, 270- 272. T39 - - superius 234, 256-257, 268-269, 272, 3 1 4 , 355, T39 - pu bofemorale 278-279 - puboprostaticum 226, 252 - pulmonale 95, 1 1 2 - rectouterin u m 205 - reflexum 56, 58, 60 - rotundum 1 67, 201 , 204, 229 - sacrococcygeum anterius 230-231 - - posterius profu ndum 270 - - - superficiale 252, 270 - sacroiliaca anteriora 230, 268-269, 271 -272, 3 1 7, T39 - - i nterossea 230, 254, 270-272, T39 - - posterlora 270-271 , T39 - sacrospinale 224-225, 229, 240, 265, 269-271 , 278, 3 1 0, 3 1 4 , 360, T39 - sacrotuberale 3 1 , 224, 230, 232-233, 240, 265, 269-27 1 , 278, 3 1 7, 3 1 9-32 1 , 360, 364, T39 - sacrouterinum 201 , 253 - splenorenale 1 56, 245 - sternoclaviculare anterius 51 - sternocostale intraarticulare 51 - - radiatum 5 1 - supraspinale 2 2 , 2 5 , 3 1 , 33, 270
suspensorium c litoridis 235 - ova rii 1 67, 20 1 , 204, 209, 253 - penis 58, 238-239 talocalcaneum interosseum 300, 303-304, 383 laterale 300 - - mediale 301 - - posterius 3 0 1 - talofi b u lare a nterius 300, 303 - - posterius 301 , 304 - tarsi plantaria 302 - tarsometata rsalia dorsalla 300, 303, 334 - - p lantaria 300, 302 - teres hepatis 59. 7 1 -72, 1 42, 1 44, 1 47, 1 54, 1 58, 1 60-1 6 1 , 1 66, 1 70, 1 72, 249-250, 255 - - uteri 1 67, 200-20 1 , 204, 209, 228-229, 253 - ti biofi b u lare a nterius 294, 300-30 1 , 334 - - posterius 300-301 - transversum 23 - - acetabuli 230, 279 - - {Articulatio zygapophysialisl 23 - - atlantis 1 8- 1 9 - - cervicis s. Ligamentum cardinale - - genus 286, 289 - - perinei 230, 234 - triangulare dextrum 1 42 - - slnistrum 1 42, 1 47, 1 67, 244-245 - umbi licale medianum 6 1 , 72, 1 58, 1 90 - 1 9 1 , 1 96, 207, 229, 236, 252-253 - venae cavae 1 42 - 1 43, 1 47 - venosum 142, 147 - vocale 1 1 9 Li m b, lower 263 - a rteries 351 - compa rtments 366 - cross-section 381 -382 - cutaneous i nnervation, segmental 346 - cutaneous ne rves 349 - dermatomes 346 - innervation, segmental, ind icator muscles T41 - lymphatics 352 - m u scles 306-309, T42-T54 - - origins a n d insertions 3 1 0-31 1 , 324-325 - nerves 345 - skeleton 263 - surface anatomy 262 - veins 352 Limbus - acetabuli 256, 266-267 - fossae ovalis 78 Li nea{-ael - alba 46, 56, 58, 60, 72-73, 207, 242-243, 248-249, 251 -254 - anocutanea 2 1 0 - a rcuata 7 1 , 2 7 1 , 273 - - {Os iliuml 264, 266 - - {Vagina musculi recti abdominisl 58, 70, 1 58 - aspera 275-277, 323 - axillaris posterior 1 - epiphysialis 281 , 29 1 , 293, 304-305, 383 - glutea anterior 267 inferior 267 - - posterior 267
-
-
intercondylaris 275 intermed ia 264, 266-267 intertrochanterica 275 mediana posterior 1 musculi solei 282-283 paravertebralis 1 pectinea 275-276 scapularis 1 seml lunaris 58 supracondylaris lateralis 275 - medialis 275 terminalis 1 67, 230, 236, 264-265, 271 , 280 - transversa 1 0 Lingua 1 2 Lingula pulmonis sinistri 94-95, 110 LlSFRANC's joint 296, T39 Liver puncture 1 44 Lobar b ronchi 92 Lobulus{-il - g landulae mammariae 64 - testis 1 93-1 94. 252 - thymi 1 1 1 Lobus{-il - caudatus 1 42 - 1 43, 1 54, 1 6 1 , 1 66, 1 72, 244, 249 - {Glandula thyroideal 1 04-1 05, 1 07, 1 1 0 - g landulae mammariae 52 - hepatis dexter 1 3 1 , 1 40, 1 42 - 1 44 , 1 49-1 50, 1 58-1 6 1 , 1 63, 1 66, 1 72, 1 88, 244-246, 248-250, 255 - - sinister 1 20, 1 31 , 1 42-1 44, 1 49-1 50, 1 54, 1 58-1 6 1 , 1 66, 1 70, 1 72, 242-243, 245, 247-250, 255 - inferior 94-96. 98-99, 1 03, 1 1 0, 1 1 8, 1 2 1 , 1 24-1 27, 1 48, 1 59, 243, 245-247 - medius (Prostatal 1 95 - - pulmonis dextri 94-96, 98, 1 03, 1 1 0, 1 1 8, 1 26-1 27, 1 59, 245 - prostatae dexter 1 9 5 - - sinister 1 95 - pyramidalis 1 1 0 - q u a d ratus 1 42, 1 60- 1 6 1 , 1 72. 249 - superior 94-96, 98-99, 1 03, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 8, 1 24-1 27, 1 59, 245 - {Thymusl 1 1 1 Lower abdomen, vessels 1 75, 1 77 Lower limb s, Limb, lower Lumbar part of the vertebral column 43 - AP-radlograph 1 6 - CT 35 - lateral radiograph 1 5 - ligaments 23 - MRI 24 - vertebral joints 23 Lumbar puncture 44 Lunula valvulae semilu naris 79 Lymphatics, AP-radiogra ph 2 1 9 Lymphogra phy 2 1 9 M
Malleolus - lateralis 262, 283, 294, 300-30 1 , 304-305, 327-328, 332, 334, 336-338, 367, 370-371 , 373
I n d ex
fvlalleolus
- medialis 262, 282, 294, 301 , 304-305, 307, 327-330, 334, 336, 338, 37 1 , 373 - tertius 305 Mamma 64-65, 1 27 - lymphatic drainage 65 - radiography 65 Mammography 65 Manubrium sterni 3, 47, 50-5 1 , 55, 69, 1 08, 1 1 9, 1 24 Margo - acetabuli s. Limbus aceta bull - anterior [Fibula} 283 - - I Pulmo} 94-95, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 - - ITestis} 1 93 - - ITibia} 262, 282-283, 306 - falciform is 306, 355 - inferior [Hepa r} 1 42, 1 45, 1 63 - - [Pulmo} 94-95, 1 1 0 - - ISplenl 1 56 - interosseus IFibula} 283, 330-331 - - [Tibial 282-283 - lateralis [ Ren} 1 82, 2 1 6 - liber IOvariuml 201 - medialis [Glandula suprarenalis} 1 82, 1 89 - - [ Renl 1 82, 2 1 6 - - [Scapulal 2 - - ITibial 282-283 - mesova ricus 201 , 209 - posterior I Fibula} 283 - - ITestis} 1 93 - superior IGlandula suprarenalisl 1 82, 1 89 - - [Splenl 1 56, 1 6 1 , 1 66-1 67 Massa lateralis atlantis 6, 1 7, 1 9 MAY's vei n 352, 365 MCBURNEY's point 1 40 MECKEL'S diverticulum 1 37 Mediastinum 1 1 2-1 1 3 , 1 1 6, 1 1 9 - anterius 1 1 9 - Inferius 1 1 9 - medium 1 1 9 - organisation 1 1 9 - posterius 1 1 9, 1 2 1 - superius 1 1 9 - testis 1 93-1 94, 252 Medulla - [Glandula suprarenalisl 1 89 - renalis 1 83-184, 1 88, 246-247, 250 - spina lis 40-41 , 1 1 9, 1 23, 222-223, 248-249 Membrana - atlantooccipitalls anterior 1 7. 19 - - posterior 1 7 . 1 9 , 34 - intercostalis interna 3 1 , 55 - i nterossea cruris 283, 286, 294, 301 . 366, 381 - obturatoria 236, 260-26 1 , 268, 271 . 278-279 , 355 - perinei 252 - tectoria 1 8 - 1 9 Membrum - inferius 206, 263 - - surface anatomy 262 Meniscus[ -il - IArticulatio genusl 289 - lateralis 286-290, 292-293 - medialis 286-290 Mesenteri um 1 36-1 37, 1 64- 1 66, 252 - diverticuli 137 Mesoappendix 1 63- 1 67
Mesocolon - sigmoideum 1 64, 1 66-1 67, 1 79, 2 1 7- 2 1 8. 226 - transversum 1 39, 1 57, 1 60-1 6 1 , 1 63. 1 65-1 67, 1 73, 1 75. 1 77 Mesosalpinx 201 . 209 Metaphysis 304 Metatarsus 263. 298 Mons pubis 235 Motion segment - cervical 25 - lumbar 25 Mucous plug of KRISTELLER 207 M U LLERian d uct 1 92, 200 Muscles - origins and insertions of - of the abdominal wall 52, 54, 56-58, 60-62, 66, 72-73 - - C rus 3 1 0-3 1 1 , 324-325 - - CT 73 - - Femur 3 1 0-3 1 1 - - PelvIs 3 1 0-31 1 - - Pes 339 Muscles of the back 26-34 - autochthonous 28, 30-33, T20 - - lateral tract 29-30, 34, T20 - - medial tract 29-30, T20 - - suboccipital muscles 32-34 - deep 28-34 - superficial 26-27 M usculusl-i1 308, 3 1 2, 3 1 9 , 1 040- 1 04 1 , 1 045, 1 052 - abdominis 52, 56-58, 62. 66, 72-73, 1 88 - - CT 73 - abductor d igiti minlmi 304. 333-334, 336-337, 339-342, 377-378, 384, T40, T54 - - hallucis 299, 304, 333, 335, 338-342, 377-378, 384, T40-T4 1 , T52 - adductorl-esl 243, 259 - - brevis 244, 26 1 , 3 1 0-3 1 2, 3 1 5-3 1 6, 358, 380, T40-T4 1 , T45 - - ha llucis 304, 339-342, 378, 383-384, T40-T41 , T52 - - longus 244, 26 1 , 308, 3 1 0-3 1 7, 354, 356-358. 380-38 1 , T40-T41 , T45 - - magnus 260, 286-288, 290, 3 1 0-3 1 2, 3 1 5-3 1 7, 3 1 9-32 1 , 323, 358, 363-364, 380-38 1 , T40-T41 , T45 - - m i n i mus 260, 3 1 6 . 3 1 9-32 1 , T40 - articularis genus 285, 3 1 0, T44 - a rytenoideus transversus 1 1 9 - biceps brachii 52, 54, 1 22 - - femoris 258, 284, 286, 288, 309-31 1 , 3 1 7-324, 328-332, 36 1 -363, 369-370, 380-38 1 , T40-T41 , T46 - brach l alis 52 - bronchooeso phageus 99 - bulbospongiosus 222-223, 226, 232-233, 235, 240-242, 260-26 1 , T22 - coccygeus s. Musculus ischio coccygeus - colli 34 - constrictor pharyngls inferior 1 04, 1 20 - coracobrachialis 54, 1 22 - cremaster 56-58, 60-6 1 . 70, 1 93 - 1 94, 1 97, 226, 239, 242-243, 252
fvlusculusl-i}
fvlusculusl-i)
- cricothyroideus 1 04. 1 1 0, 1 20 - dartos 70. 226. 232, 239, 252 - deltoideus 1 , 37, 46, 52, 54, 58, 1 22-1 23 - d igastncus 3 1 , 33-34 - dorsi 26-33, 35, 4 1 - - CT 2 9 - - lateral tract 34 - epicranius 39 - erector spinae 1 , 27-29, 32, 73, 1 22, 1 25, 1 88, 243, 246-25 1 , 253-254, 3 1 9 - extensor dig itorum brevis 327, 332-337, 368, 374, 379, 382, 384, T40-T4 1 , T51 longus 306, 308, 3 1 0, 324, 326-327, 332-337, 367-368. 374, 379, 381 -384, T40-T4 1 , T47 - - halluc is brevis 306, 327. 332-337. 374. 384, T40-T41 , T51 longus 304, 306, 308, 324, 326-327, 332-337, 366-368, 374, 379, 381 -382, 384, T40-T4 1 , T47 - extremitatis inferioris 308-309 - fibularis brevis 300, 302-304, 324-325, 327, 33 1 -337, 366. 368, 370, 372, 381 -382, T40-T41 . T48 - - longus 302. 304, 308, 3 1 0 , 324-327, 329-330 , 332. 335, 339, 341 -342, 366-368, 370, 372. 381 -383, T40-T4 1 , T48 - - tertius 327. 332-337, 366, 368, 382, T47 - flbularis [peroneus] brevis 326 - flexorl-esl accessorius s. Musculus q uadratus plantae - - digiti m i n i m i brevis I Pes} 339-342, 384, T40-T4 1 , T54 - - d i g itorum 379 brevis 304, 335, 339-342, 377-378. 383-384, T40-T41 , T53 longus 304. 31 1 , 325-326, 329-33 1 , 339, 34 1 -342. 366, 371 -372, 377-378, 381 -384. T40-T41 , T50 - - hallucis brevis 339-342, 377-378, 384, T40-T41 , T52 longus 304, 325-326, 329-331 , 339-342, 366, 371 -372, 377-379, 381 -384. T40-T41 , T50 - gastrocnemius 262, 284, 286-288, 293, 307-309, 3 1 1 , 320-323, 326-332, 361 -362. 366, 369-370, 38 1 , T41 , T49 - gemellus i n ferior 3 1 1 , 3 1 8-32 1 , 363-364, 380, T43 - - superior 31 1 , 3 1 8-32 1 , 363-364, 380, T43 - g luteus maximus 1 , 37, 52, 2 1 5, 226, 232-233, 240-24 1 , 243, 254, 256-257, 259, 262, 279, 309, 3 1 1 , 3 1 7-322, 361 -364, 380, T40-T41 , T43 - - medius 72. 254, 256, 259. 279, 309. 3 1 1 , 3 1 4-3 1 6, 31 8-32 1 , 36 1 , 363-364, 380, T40-T41 . T43 - - - i njection 364 - - minimus 256, 279, 3 1 0-3 1 1 , 3 1 8, 320-32 1 . 364, 380, T40-T41 , T43
- gracilis 232-233, 26 1 , 284, 308, 3 1 0-31 7, 31 9-32 1 , 323-324, 328, 356-358, 361 -362, 369, 381 , T40-T41 , T45 - i liacus 62-63, 71 -72, 2 1 7, 220, 231 , 244, 254, 257, 259, 308. 3 1 0, 31 2-3 1 4, 3 1 7 , 348, 355-358. T42 - iliococcygeus 230, 243, T22 - iliocostalis cervicis 28, 30, 33-34, T20 - - lumborum 28, 3D, 72, T20 - - thoracis 28. 30, 37. 249. T20 - Iliopsoas 7 1 , 73, 256-257, 260-26 1 , 279, 308, 3 1 0-3 1 6, 32 1 , 355, 380, T40-T41 - infraspinatus 26-28, 37, 52, 1 23- 1 25 - intercostales 55, 72, 2 1 7, 248 - - externi 3 1 , 54-55, 57-58, 60, 1 06, 1 1 5. 1 24, 1 26-1 27, 1 44, 249, T 1 3 - - interni 3 1 , 54-58, 60, 1 06, 1 1 5- 1 1 6, 1 20, 1 22, 1 44, 249, T13 - interossei, compartments 379 - - dorsales I Pesl 304, 333-334, 336-337, 339, 341 -343. 383-384. T53 - - plantares 333, 339-343. 384, T53 - interspi nales cervicis 30-31 , 33, 40, T20 - - lumborum 30-3 1 , T20 - - thoracis 30, 1 1 9, T20 - intertransversarii anteriores cervicis 33, T20 - - laterales lumborum 31 -32, 4 1 , T20 - - mediales lumborum 3 1 -32, 4 1 , T20 - - posteriores cervicis 3 1 , 34, T20 - - - lumborum 30 - - thoracis 34. T20 - ischiocavernosus 222-223. 226, 232-233, 235. 237, 240-242, 260-26 1 , T22 - ischiococcygeus 225, 227, 230-23 1 , 256. 3 1 7 , T22, T40 - ischiocrurales 260 - latissimus dorsi 1 , 26-29, 37-38, 52. 54, 57-58, 63, 72, 1 26-127, 248-251 , 31 9 , T 1 8 - levatorl-es} a n i 2 1 0, 2 1 2-214, 226-233, 236-237, 240-243, 256-258, 260-26 1 , 3 1 1 , T22, T40 - - costa rum T20 - - - breves 31 -32 - - - longi 3 1 -32, T20 - - scapulae 27-28, 34, 37-38, T17 - longissimus capitis 28, 30-3 1 , 33-34, 37-39. T20 - - cervicis 28, 3D, 33-34. T20 - - thoracis 28, 30, 37, 72, 249, T20 - longus colli 55, T 1 2-T 1 3 - lumbri cales lPesl 340-342. T40, T53 - multifidusl-il cervicis 30, 33-34, 39, 1 020 - - lumborum 30-32, 249, T20 - - thoracis 30-32, 37, T20 - obliquus capitis inferior 3 1 , 33, 39-40, T20 - - - superior 3 1 , 33, 39-40, T20
I nd ex
Musculus!-i/ obllquus
Musculus!-I'} rectus
Musculusl-i/
Nervus!-il cutaneus
- - externus abdominis 26-29, 3 1 , 37, 46, 52, 54, 56-58, 60-6 1 , 63, 66, 68, 70-73, 1 1 0, 1 58, 2 1 7, 23 1 , 239, 248, 251 , 254, 31 1 , 322, 355, 364, T 1 5, T40 - - i nternus abdominis 27-28, 3 1 , 56-58, 60-6 1 , 66, 68, 70-73, 1 58, 2 1 7, 23 1 , 239, 251 , 254, 3 1 0, T1 5, T40 - obturatorius extern us 236, 256-257, 259-26 1 , 279, 3 1 0-3 1 1 , 3 1 6, 32 1 , 364, 380, T40-T41 , T45 - - internus 2 1 2-2 1 3, 225, 230-23 1 , 236-237, 256-261 , 279, 3 1 0-31 1 , 31 7-32 1 , 363-364, 380, T40-T4 1 , T43 - occipitofrontalis 39 - omohyoideus 1 1 0, 1 23 - opponens d i g iti m i n i m i [Pes] 334, 342, 384, T40, T54 - papi llaris anterior 78-82 - - posterior 78-81 - - septalis 78 - pectinati 78 - pect i neus 244, 256-257, 308, 3 1 0-3 1 6, 355-357, 380, T40-T41 , T45 - pectoralis major 46, 52, 54, 56-58, 60, 64, 1 1 0, 1 1 9, 1 23-1 27, T26 - - minor 54, 60, 1 20, 1 24, T26 - perinei 230 - peroneus brevis, longus bzw. tertius s. Musculus fibularis brevis, longus bzw tertius - pharyngis 1 09 - piriformis 224, 226-227, 23 1 , 243, 3 1 0-31 1 , 3 1 4-32 1 , 360, 363-364, 380, T40-T4 1 , T43 - plantaris 286, 3 1 1 , 323, 328-33 1 , 366, 369-372, 382, T40, T49 - popliteus 286-290, 293, 3 1 1 , 325, 330-33 1 , 369-370, 372, T40-T41 , T50 - psoas major 29, 35, 4 1 , 62-63, 68, 72. 1 52, 1 85-1 86, 1 88, 2 1 7, 221 , 236, 245-247, 2 5 1 , 254, 257, 259, 308, 3 1 0 , 31 2-3 1 4, 3 1 7, 348, 354-355, T42 - - minor 62-63, 72, 1 79, 2 1 7, 3 1 3, 3 1 7, 355, T42 - pubococcygeus 230, 242-243, T22 - puborectalis 230, 256, 258 - pyramidalis 56-58, 66, 70, 72, 242. T 1 4 - q uadratus femoris 260, 3 1 0, 3 1 8-32 1 , 363-364, 380, T40, T43 - - lumborum 29, 3 1 . 62-63, 66, 68, 72-73, 1 2 1 , 1 52, 2 1 7, 220-221 , 246-247, 251 , 3 1 0, T16 - - plantae 304, 339, 34 1 -342, 377-378, 382-383, T40, T53 - quadri ceps femoris 262, 285, 287-288, 290, 306, 308, 3 1 1 -3 1 2, 3 1 4, 324, 332. T40-T41 , T44 - rectococcygeus 230-231 - rectouterinus 201 - rectus abdominis 46, 56-59, 6 1 -63, 66, 69-73, 1 1 0, 1 1 9, 1 55, 1 58, 2 1 7, 226, 242-243, 246-254, 256, T 1 4, T40
- - capitis anterior T 1 2 latera lis 34, T20 - - - posterior major 3 1 , 33, 39-40, T20 - - - - m inor 3 1 . 33, 40, T20 - - femoris 244, 256-257, 269, 278-279, 308, 31 0-3 1 7, 322, 356-358, 380-38 1 , T44 - rhomboideus major 26-28, 37-39, T 1 7 - - minor 27, 38-39, T 1 7 - rotatores breves 30-3 1 , T20 - - lon g i 30-3 1 , T20 - sacrococcygeus 230-23 1 , 243 - sartorius 52, 244, 256-257, 262, 284, 308, 3 1 0-31 7, 322-324, 356-358, 362, 380-381 , T40-T41 , T44 - scalenus anterior 55, 1 1 0, 1 1 2, 1 1 7- 1 1 8 , 1 23, T1 1 - - medius 34, 40, 55, 1 20, 1 22, T1 1 - - posterior 28, 3 1 , 34, 55, T l l - semimembranosus 258, 284, 286-288, 309-3 1 1 , 3 1 7-3 1 8 , 320-323, 325, 328-330, 3 6 1 -363, 369-370, 380-38 1 , T41 , T46 - semispinalis capitis 28, 30-3 1 , 33-34, 38-40, T20 - - cervicis 28, 30-31 , 33, 39, T20 - - thoracis 3 1 , 33-34, T20 - semitendinosus 258, 284, 309-3 1 1 , 3 1 6-32 1 , 323-324, 328, 361 -363, 369-370, 380-38 1 , T4 1 , T46 - serratus anterior 27-28, 46, 52, 54, 56-58, 63-64, 70, 1 20, 1 22-1 27, T 1 7 - - posterior inferror 27-28, 37, 249, T 1 9 - - - superior 27-28, 37, T 1 9 - soleus 290, 308-309, 3 1 1 , 325-332, 369-372, 381 , T41 , T49 - sphi ncter a n i externus 207, 2 1 0, 2 1 2-2 1 4, 226, 230-233. 235, 240-242, 252, 258, T22, T40 - - - i nternus 207, 2 1 0, 23 1 , 242, 252, 258 - - pyloricus 1 35, 1 52 - - urethrae 207, 226, 23 1 , 234, T22 - - vesicae 222 - spinalis 30 - - capitis 30-3 1 , T20 - - cervicis 30, T20 - - thoracis 28, 30, T20 - splenius capitis 26-28, 30-3 1 , 33-34, 38-39, 1 22, T20 - - cervicis 27-28, 30, 33-34, T20 - sternalis 54, 60, T 1 3 - sternocleidomastoldeus 26-28, 35, 38, 54, 58, 1 1 0 , 1 1 9, 1 23 - sternohyoideus 1 1 0, 1 23 - sternothyroideus 55, 1 1 0, 1 1 9, 1 24 - subclavius 54, 60, 1 1 0, 1 1 2-1 1 3 , 1 20, 1 22-1 23, T26 - subcostales 60, T 1 3 - suboccipitales 3 1 -34, 40 - subscapularis 60, 1 22, 1 24, T26 - su praspinatus 1 22-1 23 - suspensorius d uodeni 1 35, 1 52 - tensor fasciae latae 52, 73, 244, 256-257, 262, 279, 306-308, 3 1 1 -3 1 4, 320, 322, 356, 380, T40-T41 . T44
- teres major 1 , 26-28, 37, 52, 1 22, 1 24-1 25 - - minor 37, 52 - thoracis 3 1 , 52, 54, 60 - thyrohyoideus 1 1 0 - tibialis anterior 290, 300, 302, 306. 308, 3 1 0 , 324, 326-327, 332, 334, 336-337 , 339, 366-368, 374, 381 -383, T40-T4 1 , T47 - - posterior 300, 302, 304, 3 1 1 , 325-326, 3 29-33 1 , 339, 342, 366, 370-372, 381 -382, T40-T4 1 , T50 - trachealis 9 1 - transversospina lis 29 - transversus abdominis 3 1 , 58-63, 66, 68, 70-73, 1 58, 21 7, 221 , 23 1 , 249, 2 5 1 , 254, 3 1 0, T 1 5, T40 - - perinei profundus 207, 226, 230, 232-236, 242, 252, 260, 31 1 , T22, 1 040 Ta b superficialis 230, 232-235, 240-24 1 , 260, T22, 1 040 Tab - - thoracis 55, 69, 1 1 0, 1 27, T1 3-T 1 4 - trapezius 1 , 26-28, 33-34, 38, 52, 1 22-1 26, T 1 7 - triceps brachii 37, 52 - - surae 304, 326, 333, 366, 383, T40, T49 - vastus i ntermedius 3 1 0-3 1 2, 3 1 5-3 1 6, 381 , T44 - - lateralis 257, 259, 279, 290, 293, 308, 3 1 0-3 1 6, 320-323, 332, 356, 358, 36 1 , 381 , T44 - - medialis 290, 308, 3 1 0-3 1 6 , 323, 356-358. 3 8 1 , T44 Myocard i u m 76, 78-80. 1 1 9
- - dorsaliS intermedius 345, 349, 365, 373, T40 lateralis 345. 349-350, 365, 373, T40 medialis 345, 349-350, 365 - - femoris lateralis 36, 68, 7 1 , 73, 1 79, 2 1 7, 220-22 1 , 3 1 7, 344-345, 348-349, 353, 355-357, 360, T40 posterior 36, 240-24 1 , 257, 344-345, 349, 360-364, 380, T40 - - surae lateralis 345, 349-350, 361 -363, 365, 369, T40 - - - medialis 345, 3 6 1 -363, 365-366, 369. 373, T40 - d i g itales dorsales pedis 345, 349, 368, 373-374, T40 - - plantares communes 376-378, T40 - - - proprii 376, 378, T40 - dorsalis clitoridis 223, 234, 241 , T40 - - penis 222, 234, 238-240, T40 - - scapu lae 38-39, T 1 7 - e rigentes s. Nervus[-i] splanchnici pelvici - femoralis 66, 68, 73, 1 79, 2 1 7-2 1 8, 220-22 1 , 236, 244, 256-257, 31 7, 344-345, 348-349, 353, 355-358, 380-381 , T40, T44-T45 - fibularis communis 284, 344-345, 349-350, 361 -363, 365, 368-37 1 , T40, T51 - - profundus 345, 349-350, 366, 368, 373-374, 379, 381 -382, T40, T47, T51 - - superficialis 345, 349-350, 365-366, 368, 373, 379, 381 -382, T40, T48 - gen itofemoralis 60, 66, 68, 1 79, 1 97, 2 1 7, 220-22 1 , 225, 229, 236, 238, 256, 3 1 7 , 344-345, 348-349, 353, 355, T 1 5 , T40 - gluteus inferior 257, 344-345, 349, 360, 363-364, 380, T40, T43 - - superior 344-345, 349, 360, 364, 380, T40, T43-T44 - hypogastricus 2 1 4 , 222-223 - iliohypogastricus 36-37, 66, 68, 73, 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 79, 2 1 7, 220-22 1 , 344-345, 348-349, 353, 364, T 1 5, T40 - ilioinguina lis 60, 66, 68, 73, 1 79, 2 1 7-2 1 8, 220-22 1 , 238-239, 344-345, 348-349, 353, T 1 5 , T40 - i ntercostales 36, 38, 4 1 , 54, 66, 70, 73, 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 5-1 1 7, 1 20, 1 24, 1 27, 220, 247-248, T 1 3-T1 7 - intercostobrachialis 37 - interosseus c ruris T40 - ischiadicus 256-257, 284, 344-345, 347, 349-350, 360, 362-364, 380-38 1 , T40, T43, T46-T50 - - projection 360 - labiales 223 - - anteriores T40 - - posteriores 223, 241 , T40 - laryngeus recurrens 83, 88-89, 1 1 1 - 1 1 3, 1 1 5, 1 1 7-1 1 8, 1 20 - lumbales 66, 226, 349
N
Neck. m u scles 34 Neck-shaft angle of the femur s. Angle between neck and shaft of the femur Nephros s. Ren Nervous system, autonomous 1 1 7, 1 20- 1 2 1 Nervus!-i] - accessorius [XI) 38-39, T 1 7 - anales 2 1 4 - - i nferiores 225, 240-241 , 344, T40 - anococcygeus 225, 240-241 , 344, T40 - a u ricularis m a g nus 36-38 - axillaris 36-37, 1 22 - card iacus cervicalis inferior 83 - - - medius 83, 1 20 - - - superior 83 - cavernosi clitoridis 223 - cervi calis 1 9 , 40, 1 20, T19-T20 - clunium inferiores 36, 240-241 , 349, 360-362. T40 - - medi i 36, 349, 360-362 - - superiores 36-37, 349, 360, 362 - coccygeus 225, 344, T40 - cutaneus brachii lateralis inferior 36-37 - - superior 36 posterior 36-37
I n d ex
Nervusl-iJ
Nodusl-il lymphoideusl-il
- obturatorius 68, 7 1 , 220-22 1 , 225, 229, 23 1 , 236-237, 256-257, 2 6 1 , 3 1 7, 344-345, 348-349, 353, 355, 357-358, 360, 380, T40, T45 - occi pitalis major 37-40 - - minor 36-38 - - tertius 37, 40 - pectoralis latera lis 60, T26 - - medialis 60, T26 - perineales 234, 240-241 , 260-26 1 , T40 - phrenicus 63, 89, 1 1 0- 1 1 3, 1 1 5, 1 1 8, 1 20-1 2 1 , 1 24- 1 27, T21 - - course 1 1 8 - plantaris latera lis 304, 345, 350, 376-378, 382-383, T40, T52-T54 - - medialis 304, 345, 350, 376-378, 382, T40, T52-T53 - pudendus 2 1 4, 222-223, 225, 234, 236, 240-24 1 , 257, 260-26 1 , 344-345, 349, 360, T22, T40 - radialis 36-37 - rectales i nferiores s. Nervusl-il a nales inferiores - sacrales 223, 225-226, 243, 349, T22 - saphenus 345, 348-349, 353, 357-358, 365-366, 373, 381 -382, T40 - scrotales a nteriores T40 - - posteriores 222, 240, T40 - spinales 36, 41 , 43, 45, 251 - spinalis 24, 29 - spina lisl-esl 24, 35, 40-4 1 - splanchnici lumba les 2 1 4 - - pelvici s Radix parasympathIca - splanchnicus major 63, 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 5-1 1 7, 1 20- 1 2 1 , 220-22 1 , 245, 249 - - minor 63, 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , 245, 249 - subcostalis 68, 73, 1 1 5- 1 1 7, 2 1 7, 220-22 1 , 344 - suboccipitalis 37, 39-40, T20 - subscapulares 37, T26 - supraclavicula res 66 - - laterales 36-37 - suprasca pularis 1 23 - suralis 345, 349-350, 362, 365, 382, T40 - thoracici 37, 60, 66, 70, 1 1 2-1 1 3, 1 1 5- 1 1 7, 1 20-1 2 1 , 220, 249, T 1 5, T 1 9-T20 - thoracicus longus 1 22, 1 24- 1 26, T17 - thoracodorsalis 1 22, T 1 8 - tibialis 284, 344-345, 349-350, 361 -363, 365-366, 369-373, 376, 381 -382, T40, T49-T50, T52-T53 - vag i nalls 223 - vagus [Xl 83, 88-89, 1 1 1 - 1 1 3, 1 1 5, 1 1 7 - 1 1 8, 1 20-1 2 1 , 1 23- 1 27, 220 Node of RosEm,,1(j L LER 355 Nodulusl-il - lymphoideusl-il aggregati 1 37, 1 39 - - solitarii 1 30, 1 36-1 37, 1 39, 1 50, 2 1 0 - valvulae semi lunarls 79 Nodusl-il - atrioventricularis 82-83 - lymphoideusl-iJ aortici laterales 229 - - axi llarisl-esl 65, 1 22, 1 24 - - - a picalls 1 24
-
-
bra c h i a les 65 bronchopulmonales 1 25-1 27 cervicales anteriores 65 - - profun d i 65 - laterales 1 20 - - profundi i nferiores 1 20 deltopectorales 65 gastrici 1 3 1 , 2 1 8 gastroomentales 1 3 1 , 249 hepatici 1 3 1 i leocolici 243 iliaci commu nes 2 1 8, 229 externi 2 1 8, 229, 236, 354 - laterales 229, 354 - mediales 229, 354 interni 2 1 8, 229, 354 - - i nfraclaviculares 65 - - i n g u i na les 352 profundi 2 1 8, 354 superficiales 2 1 8-21 9, 354 inferiores 2 1 8, 354 superolaterales 2 1 8 , 354 superomediales 2 1 8, 256, 354 - - j uxtaoesophageales 1 07, 1 27 - - lacu narisl-esl 355 - - - medialis 355 - - ligamenti arteriosi 88 - - lumbales dextri 2 1 8 - Intermedii 2 1 8 - - mediast i n a les anteriores 88, 1 1 1 , 1 13 - - - posteriores 1 07, 245 - - obturatorii 229 - - pancreaticus 250 - - para mammarii 65 - - pararectales 1 22, 229 - - parasternales 65 - - paratracheales 88, 1 20, 1 24 - - parietales 2 1 8 - - phrenici i nferiores 2 1 8 - - - superiores 88, 1 1 9 - - popliteus profundus 366 - - - superficialis 366 - - preaortici 229, 251 - - precavales 229 - - promontorii 2 1 8 - - pylorici 1 3 1 - - rectalis superior 229 - - retroaortici 229 - - retrocavales 243 - - splenici 245, 249 - - submammarii 65 - - supraclaviculares 65 - - thoracis 1 07, 1 20 - - tibialis anterior 367 - - tracheobronchiales 95, 98-99, 1 1 3, 1 22 i nferiores 88, 95, 1 07 , 1 1 9, 1 27 superiores 88, 1 07, 1 1 9 - sinuatrialis 82 N u cleus pulposus 24-25, 29 o
Oesophagoscopy 1 08, 1 33 Oesophagus 62-63, 67, 1 04- 1 09, 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 5- 1 1 7, 1 1 9- 1 2 1 , 1 23- 1 30, 1 32-1 33, 1 57, 1 80, 220, 242, 245 - constrictions 1 08-1 09 - d iverticulum 1 09 - radiography 1 08
Olisthesis 9 Omentum - majus 1 2 1 , 1 3 1 , 1 39-1 40, 1 49, 1 57-1 66, 1 72, 242-243, 245-247, 249, 252, 254 - minus 1 60-1 6 1 , 1 66, 247, 249 Orchis s, Testis O rganuml-al - gen italia femlnina externa 223, 233, 235, 241 - - - interna 204, 209 - - masculina 222, 239 - - - extern a 1 97, 238, 240 - pelvis in the female 237 - - i n the male 236 - u rogenitalia fem i n i na, development 200 - - masculina, development 1 92 Orifi c i u m d uctus pancreatici 1 50 Osl-sal - coccygis 2-4, 1 1 , 207, 2 1 5, 230, 232-233, 242, 252, 256-257, 271 , 273 - coxae 2, 1 6, 4 1 , 263, 266-267 - - AP-radiograph 1 6 - - development 267 - c u boideum 295-296, 298-299, 303, 383 - cuneiformel - i a l 299 - - i ntermed i u m 295-296, 298, 304, 383 - - laterale 295, 298 - - mediale 295-296, 298, 302 - d i g itorum I Pesi 263, 295-296 - hyoideum 1 2 - i l i u m 3, 1 5-1 6, 4 1 , 7 1 , 73, 230, 244, 258, 264, 272, 274, 280 ischii 236, 256, 264, 274 - metatarsi 263, 295-296, 298-299, 303-304, 379, 383 - navicu lare 295-296, 298-299, 303-305, 383 - occi pitale 6, 1 2, 1 7- 1 9 - ped is 295-296, 299 - - structure chara cteristics 299 - pubis 1 96, 2 1 5, 226, 234, 242, 244, 256-257, 264, 274, 279 - sacrum 2-5, 1 0-1 1 , 1 5, 23, 26, 4 1 , 2 1 5, 226, 230, 242-243, 252-254, 262, 264, 271 -273, 3 1 7 - - sex d ifferences 1 1 - sesamoidea I Pesi 295-296, 302, 339 - tarsi 263, 295-296, 298 - tempora le 40 Ost i uml-ai - abdominale tu bae uterinae 20 1 , 204, 209 - appendicis vermiformis 1 39 - atrioventriculare dextrum 78 - - sinistrum 79, 1 26 - cardiacum 1 08, 1 2 1 , 1 30, 1 66- 1 67, 244-245, 247 - i leale 1 39 - pyloricum 1 35 - sinus coronarii 78, 82, 84 - ureteris 1 90-1 91 , 195, 1 98, 205, 252-253, 260 - urethrae externum IUrethra fem i n i n a i 200, 23 1 , 233, 235, 237, 241 , 253, 261 - - - I U rethra masculinal 1 98 - 1 99, 252 - - internum IUrethra femininal 205, 253 I U rethra masculinal 1 90, 1 95, 1 98, 252. 260 -
Ostium{-al
- uteri 201 -202, 205, 207, 253 - uteri n u m tubae uterinae 20 1 , 203 - vaginae 200, 233, 235, 237 - venae cavae inferioris 82 - - - superioris 82 Ovarium 1 40, 1 67, 200-202, 204, 209, 223, 228, 253, 354 p
Palatum osseum 1 2 Pancreas 1 2 1 , 1 3 1 , 1 34, 1 52 - 1 53, 1 57, 1 63-1 64, 1 72, 1 77, 242-243, 245, 249-250 - computed tomography 1 55 - low magnitude enlargement 1 53 - projection 1 34 - ultrasound image 1 54 Pancreatocyticus exocrinus 1 53 Panniculus a d i posus 58, 72, 2 1 0, 232, 239 Papillal-ael - duodeni major 1 35, 1 50, 1 52-1 53 - - m i nor 1 52- 1 53 - i lealis 1 39 - mamma ria 52, 64, 1 27 - rena les 1 83-1 84, 1 86, 245 - of Vater s. Papillal-ael duodeni major Paracystium 260-261 Paradidymis 1 92 Parametriu m s. Ligamentum card i na le Paraproctium s. Spatium pararec tale Parasympathetic nervous system 2 1 4 , 222-223 Paries - anterior IGasterl 1 33, 1 60 - 1 6 1 - membra naceus ITracheal 9 1 , 99, 1 07, 1 1 9 - posterior IGasterl 1 33, 1 55 Paroophoron 200 Pars - a bdomi nalis aortae 35, 62-63, 69, 1 04, 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 48, 1 54-1 55, 1 57, 1 68, 1 72, 1 74, 1 77- 1 79, 1 85, 1 87- 1 89, 2 1 2, 2 1 4 , 2 1 6-21 8, 221 , 225, 227, 229, 242, 245, 250-251 , 359 - - - u ltrasound image 1 78 - - autonomica 220 - - 1M. pectoralis majorl 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, T26 - - 10esophagusi 62-63, 1 04, 1 06, 1 08-1 09, 1 1 7, 1 28, 1 30 - - IUreteri 1 63, 2 1 6 - a nterior I Facies diaphragmatica hepatisl 1 45 - - IFornix vaginael 202, 205 - a n u laris vaginae fibrosae 340 - ascend ens aortae 75, 78-80, 84, 1 09, 1 1 4- 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 1 9-1 2 1 , 1 25-1 26, 255 - - IDuodenuml 1 34, 1 39-1 40, 1 52, 1 65, 1 67 - - 1 M . trapeziusl 26, T1 7 - atlantica IA. vertebralisl 34, 40 - basalis IAa . lobares i nferiores dextrael 98 - - iAa. lobares i nferiores sin is traei 98-99 - basilaris lOs occipita lei 1 7-1 9
I nd ex
Pars
- card iaca 63, 1 04, 1 2 1 , 1 30- 1 3 2, 1 79, 2 1 7, 242 - cervicalis [Columna vertebralisl 2 - - [Oesophagusl 1 04, 1 06-1 08, 119 - clavicularis [ M pectoralis ma jorl 54, T26 - costalis diaphragmatis 54, 62-63, 73, 1 48, 1 79 , 246-250, T21 - - [Ple u ra parietalisl 54, 1 1 0, 1 1 2- 1 1 3 , 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 24, 1 59 , 246-250 - cruciformis vaginae fibrosae 340 - descendens aortae 75, 1 0 7, 1 09 , 1 1 4, 1 25 - 1 27 [Duodenuml 1 28, 1 30, 1 32, 1 34- 1 35 , 1 40, 1 52- 1 54, 1 6 7, 1 79 [Lig. i liofemoralel 278 [M. trapeziusl 26, T 1 7 - d iaphragmatica 54, 63, 89, 1 1 0- 1 1 3, 1 1 8 , 1 59 , 245, 248-250 - horizontalis [ D uodenuml 1 34-1 35, 1 52-1 53, 1 63, 1 65 , 1 6 7, 1 79 - i n fraclavicu laris 54, 1 1 2- 1 1 3 - i ntermedia [ U rethra mascu linal 1 9 5 - 1 9 6 , 1 98 , 252 - i ntramuralis [ U rethra masculinal 1 98 - i ntrasegmentalis 1 20, 1 22 - lateralis [Os occi pitalel 1 7 - - [Os sacruml 1 0- 1 1 , 4 1 , 254, 264, 273 - llbera membrl Inferioris 263 - lumba lis [Columna vertebralisl 2 diaphragmatis 62-63, 68, 1 04, 1 06 , 1 1 5-1 1 6 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 1 , 1 48, 1 5 5, 1 72, 242-243, 245, 248-250, T 2 1 - mediastinalis 89, 95, 1 1 1 - 1 1 3, 1 25, 1 59 - mem branacea [Septum i nterventricularel 79-80 [ U rethra mascu linal s. Pars i ntermed ia [ U rethra masculi nal - muscularis [Septum i n terventricu larel 78-80 - occlusa 229, 236 - patens 225, 227-229 - pelvica [Ureterl 7 1 , 1 66-1 67, 221 - posterior [ Fornix vaginael 202, 205, 207, 253 - profunda [Compa rtimentum cruris posteriusl 366 - prostatica 1 90, 1 9 5, 1 98 - pylorica 1 1 7, 1 30, 1 3 2- 1 35 , 1 58, 1 60, 1 66 , 247, 255 - spong iosa 1 98- 1 99 , 252 - sternalis d i a p h rag matis 62-63, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 9, 243, T21 - sternocostalis [M . pectoralis majorl 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, T26 - subcutanea [ M , sphi ncter a n i externusl 2 3 5 , T22 - superficialis [Compartimentum c ruris posteriusl 366 - superior [Duodenuml 1 28, 1 30, 1 34- 1 36 , 1 49 , 1 53, 1 60-1 6 1 , 1 66- 1 67, 1 79 , 244 [Facies d l a p h ragmatica hepatisl 1 42
Pars
- terminalis 1 3 7, 1 63 - thoracica aortae 63, 69, 87, 99, 1 04- 1 06 , 1 09 , 1 1 3- 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , 1 24, 1 52 , 1 57, 1 78, 248 - - autonomica 1 1 7, 1 20-1 2 1 - - [Columna vertebralisl 2 - - [ Ductus thoracicusl 1 1 3 , 1 1 5-1 1 6 - - [Oesophagusl 63, 1 04- 1 09 , 1 1 3, 1 1 5- 1 1 7, 1 1 9, 1 2 1 , 245 - t i biocalca nea 300-302, 304 - t ibionavic u laris 300 - ti biotalaris anterior 300 - - posterior 300-301 - transversa [Lig. iliofemoralel 278 - - [ M. trapeziusl 26, T 1 7 - transversaria [A. vertebralisl 40 - uterina [Tuba uterinal 201 Patella 262-263, 284-285, 287, 290-293, 306, 3 1 4-3 1 5 , 322-323, 327, 332, 365 - ridge of the 292 Pecten - analis 2 1 0 , 23 1 , 252 - ossis pubis 62, 23 1 , 264, 266-267, 271 , 3 1 4-3 1 5 , 3 1 7 Ped iculus a rcus vertebrae 5, 7-9, 1 2, 1 4- 1 6 , 20-2 1 , 23-25, 29, 35, 273 Pedograms 384 Pelvic aperture 264 Pelvic a rteries, d igital su btraction angiography [DSAI 359 PelvIc constriction 265 Pelvic diaphragm T22 - of the female 230-23 1 , 233-235 - of the male 232, 234, 236 Pelvic organs - in the female 228 - in the male 226-227 Pelvic width 265 Pelvis 264, 268 - AP-rad lograph 273-274 - CT 254 - of the female 265 - - cross-section 257 - - CT 257 - - median section 253 MRI 253, 259 - - oblique section 261 - - pelvic d imensions 265 - joi nts of pelvIc g i rd le 268-271 - lum bosacral passage 268-269, 271 - major 264 - of the male. cross-section 254, 256 - - CT 256 - - frontal section 258 - - median section 242, 252 - - MRI 252, 259 - - oblique section 260 - - sagittal section 243 - minor 1 67, 264 - muscles, origins and I nsertions 3 1 0-3 1 1 - renalis 1 7 1 , 1 82 - 1 84 , 1 86 , 1 88, 1 9 2, 200, 2 1 6, 245-246, 250 - - ampu llar type 1 86 - - AP-radiograph 1 86 - - dendritic type 1 86 - sex d ifferences 264, 268-2 71 Penis 1 9 7, 1 99, 222, 244, 260 Perforating vein, lateral 352
Pericard i u m 63, 74-75, 85, 89, 98-99, 1 1 0, 1 1 8, 247 - fl brosum 74, 89, 1 07, 1 1 1 - 1 1 3 , 1 2 1 , 1 59 - serosum 74-75, 78-80, 84, 89, 1 1 9- 1 20 Perineal laceration 233 Perineum 235 - of the female 230, 233, 241 - of the male 232, 240 Periorc h i u m 1 94 Periosteum 43 Peristalsis 1 3 2 Peritoneum 1 43 - parietale 54, 59, 6 1 -62, 75, 1 20, 1 49 , 1 58, 1 67, 1 79 , 1 90, 1 96 , 2 1 7 , 226, 242, 248-25 1 , 253, 258 - u rogenitale 202, 2 1 0 , 260-2 6 1 - viscera Ie 5 4 , 7 0 , 1 20, 1 36 , 242, 246, 248-249 , 2 5 1 Pes 263 - anserinus superficialis 3 1 3 , 323 - cavus 384 - compartments 379 - cross-section 382 - frontal section 384 - joi nts 300-303, T39 - ligaments 302 - longitudinal section, MRI 383 - muscles 333-343, 384, T 5 1 -T54 - - origins and Insertions 333, 339 - osteofibrous tubes 384 - sagittal section 383 - tendon sheaths 334-335 - valgus 303 - vault 299 PEYER·s patches 1 37 Phalanx[-gesl - dlstalis[-esl [Pesl 263, 295-296, 383 - media[-ael [Pesl 263, 295-296, 383 - [Pesl 263, 296, 299, 304 - proximalis [ Pesl 295-296, 383 Pharynx 1 33 Pia mater spinalis 4 1 , 43 Placenta 207-208 Planta 262, 375-378 - arteries 375 - - va riations 375 Plantar aponeurosis s. Aponeurosis plantaris Platysma 58 Pleura - parietalis 54, 63, 89, 95, 1 1 0- 1 1 3 , 1 1 8, 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 23- 1 2 5, 1 59, 245-250 - p u lmonalis s, Pleura viscera lis - visceralis 54, 1 1 2, 1 20-1 24, 246-247 Pleural borders, projection 1 03 Pleurocentesis, puncture of the pleural cavity 54 Plexus - a o rticus thoracicus 89, 1 1 3, 1 1 7, 1 2 1 - brachia lis 54, 60, 1 1 1 - 1 1 3, 1 20, 1 22- 1 23, 1 28, T l l , T 1 7 - cardiacus 83, 1 1 3, 1 1 7- 1 1 8 - caroticus communis 1 1 0 - cervicalis 36-37, 40, T l l -T 1 2 , T 1 7 . T21 - coccygeus 225, 344, T40 - coeliac us 2 1 � 220 - deferentialls 1 97. 222
Plexus
- hypogastricus inferior 222-223 - - superior 2 1 4 , 222-223 - lumbalis 29, 36, 66, 68, 254, 344, T1 5 , T40, T42, T45 - lumbosacralis 68, 220, 344, T40 - mesentericus inferior 220, 222 - - superior 222-223 - oesophageus 1 1 2, 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , 220 - ovaricus 223 - pampiniformis 60, 70, 1 93-1 94, 1 97, 238-239, 243 - prostati cus 222 - pulmonalis 1 1 2- 1 1 3 , 1 20-1 2 1 - recta l i s i nferior 2 1 4 - - medius 2 1 4 - - su perior 2 1 4 - renalis 223 - sacralis 68, 2 1 4 , 220, 223, 225, 344, 349, T22, T40, T43, T46 - testicula ris 1 97, 222 - uterovaginalis 223 - venosus areolaris 66 prostaticus 236, 260 - - recta lls 2 1 3 - - submucosus 1 06 , 1 8 1 - - vag inalis 228 - - vertebralis externus anterior 42 - - - - posterior 42 i nternus 1 23 - - anterior 4 1 -43, 45, 242 - - posterior 4 1 -44, 1 1 9 - - veskalis 227, 236-237, 256 Plica[-ael - alares 285 - circu lares 1 30, 1 32 , 1 3 5, 1 3 7, 1 50, 1 52 - d uodenalis inferior 1 65, 1 67 - gastricae 1 30, 1 33 - gastropancreatica 1 6 1 , 1 66- 1 67 - ileocaecalis 1 62- 1 63, 1 67 - interureterica 1 90- 1 9 1 , 1 98, 260 - longitudinalis d uodeni 1 50, 1 52 - m ucosae 1 50, 1 90, 1 98 - pa lmatae 20 1 , 253 - rectouterina 20 1 , 228-229 , 253 - semilunares coli 1 39 , 1 4 1 , 1 63 - spiralis 1 50- 1 5 1 - synovialis 301 - - infra patellaris 285 - - mediopatellaris 284 - transversa recti 207, 2 1 0-2 1 1 , 242, 252-253 - tuba riae 201 - umbilicalis lateralis 59, 7 1 -72, 1 58- 1 59, 227, 236 medialis 59, 7 1 -72, 1 58-1 59, 1 96 , 209, 2 1 7, 227, 236, 253 mediana 59, 7 1 -72, 1 58-1 59, 1 96 , 209, 2 1 7, 236, 252-253 - vesicalls transversa 7 1 , 236 Point - of v. LANZ 1 40 - of M C B U R N EY 1 40 - of SUDECK 1 76 , 2 1 2 Polus urinarius 1 84 Popliteal perforating vein 352 Porta hepatis 1 42 Portio - supravagi nalis cervicis 201 -202 - vaginalis cervicis 20 1 , 205, 207, 253 - - - n ullipara 205 Portocaval a nastomoses 1 8 1 , 2 1 3 Positio [Uterusl 203
I n d ex
Preputium - cLitorid is 233, 235 - penis 1 97 - 1 9 9 , 242-243 , 252 Processusl-usl - accessorius 5 , 8-9 - a rticula ris i nferior 6, 8-9, 1 2, 1 5- 1 6 , 22-23, 25, 29, 35, 254
- - superior 105 sacruml 1 0- 1 1 , 4 1 , 230 , 254
IVertebrael 5-9, 1 2, 1 5- 1 6 , -
-
20-2 1 , 23 , 25, 29, 35, 4 1 , 45, 248, 273 caudatus 1 42 coracoideus 47-48, 1 22 costalls 5, 9 , 1 6 , 23, 30, 32, 35, 48, 63, 2 1 6, 269, 272-273 falciformis 270 lateralls tali 295, 297-298, 382 - tuberis calcanei 295, 297-298 mamillaris 8-9 , 3 5 mastoideus 1 2 , 3 3 , 40
- medialis tuberis calcanei 295-298, 302
- papillarls 1 42 , 1 66, 249 - posterior tali 296-298, 305 - spi nosus 1 , 5-9, 1 2- 1 6 , 1 9 , -
22-26, 28-29, 32-35, 4 1 , 44, 1 1 9, 1 23-1 24, 1 27, 1 88, 249, 25 1 , 273 styloideus 105 temporalel 33-34 tra nsversus 6-8, 1 3- 1 4, 20, 22 , 3 1 , 34-35 , 40, 1 2 5 - IAtlasl 34, 40 - IAxisl 34 u ncinatus I Pancreasl 1 52-1 53, 1 73, 1 79, 243
- [Vertebral 5 U ncus corporis vag inalls peritonei 61 - - persistens 61 x i phoideus 47, 50, 55, 63, 70, 1 1 9 , 1 27, 1 32, 207, 242, 248
Promontorium 105 sacruml 3-4, 1 0- 1 1 , 1 5, 6 2, 1 77, 1 85 , 2 1 7, 227, 242, 253, 264, 3 1 4
Pronatio IArticulatio talotarsalisl T39
Prostata 7 1 , 1 90 - 1 9 1 , 1 95- 1 96, 1 98, 222, 226-227, 236, 242-243, 252, 259-260
Protuberantia occipitalis externa 2 6 , 39
Psoas arcade 63 Pu bes 1 97 Pulmo 54, 92, 94- 1 00, 1 1 0 - a rteries 1 00 - dexter 89, 94-98, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 8, 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 23 - 1 27, 1 48, 1 59 , 243, 245-246 - organisation 98 - sinister 89, 94-99, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 8, 1 20-1 22, 1 24, 1 26-1 27, 1 59 , 2 4 5 , 247 - veins 1 0 0 Pulmonary angiogra phy 1 00
Pulmonary borders, projection 1 03
Pulpa splenica 1 56 Pyelography, intravenous 2 1 6 Pylorus 1 28- 1 3 1 , 1 35 , 1 60- 1 6 1 Pyramides renales 1 83-1 84, 1 88 , 245
a
Quadra ngular space 37
R
Radixl-cesl - anterior I N spinalisl 4 1 , 43 , 45,
Ramus{-il cutaneus{-il
- - medialisl-esl lN spinalisl 36, 41
- - I N . obturatoriusl 349, 353, 357-358, 360, T40
214
- mesenterli 1 40, 1 63, 1 66- 1 67, 1 77 - motoria s. Radix anterior [N spinalisl - parasympathica 2 1 4, 222-223 - posterior [N. spinalisl 4 1 , 43, 45 Ramusl-il - acetabularis [A. circumflexa femoris medialisl 359 - - IA. obturatorial 357, 359 - anterior [A. media genusl 289 - - IA. obturatorial 357, 359 - - IA. renalisl 1 82 - - I N. cervicalisl 1 20 - - IN lumbalisl 4 1 , 226 - - [N. obturatoriusl 68, 348, T39-T40
- - [N. sacralisl 226 - - [ N . spinalisl 40-41 , 45 , T20 - - [Truncus n spinalisl 42-43, 45
- - [V. portae hepatisl 246 - articulares [A. descendens genusl 35 1 , 356-358 - ascendens [A. c i rcumflexa femoris lateralisl 35 1 , 358-359 - - [A. c i rcu mflexa femoris medialisl 363 - atriales [A. coronaria dextral 84, 86
-
- [A. corona ria sinistral 86 atrioventriculares 86-87 bronchiales 99 - [Aortal 1 05- 1 06, 1 1 2, 1 1 5 , 121
- - I N . vagusl 1 1 5, 1 1 7, 1 20- 1 2 1 - calcanei IA. t i bialis posteriori 372
- - med iales IN tibialisl 376, T40
- cardiacus cervicalis inferior 376 - - - - [N vagusl 83 - - thoracicus i nferior IN vagusl 83, 1 1 8
[ N vagusl 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 8 - - - [Truncus sympathicusl 113 - c l rcumflexus IA. corona ria sinis tral 74-75 , 84-87 - comm unicansl-tesl lA fibularisl 351
-
-
albus 42 fibularis 345, 365, T 40 griseus 42 ITruncus n. spinalisl 4 1 , 43, 45
- - [Truncus sympathicusl 45, 1 1 2- 1 1 3, 1 1 6- 1 1 7, 222
- coni arteriosi 84, 86-87 - cutaneus[-il anterior{-esl a b dominales 66 IN femoralisl 66, 68, 348-349, 353, T40
[N iliohypogastricusl 66, 349, 353
- - c ru ris mediales IN saphenusl 349, 365, T40 - - lateralisl-esl [ N . i liohypogastMcusl 36, 349, 360, 364 I N , spinalisl 36, 4 1 I N n. thoracicil 344 pectorales I N n . inter costalesl 38. 66
- - I N . plantaris media lisl 377 - - posteriorl-esI INn. cervicales, Rr. posterioresl 38 - - - [ Nn. thoracici, Rr. posteri oresl 38 - descendens IA c i rcumflexa femoris lateralisl 35 1 , 357-359 - - IA. c i rcumflexa femoris m e d i alisl 359 - dexter IA. hepatica proprial 1 46, 1 7 1 , 249
Ramus{-il
- oesophageales lA, gastrica sinistral 1 06, 1 3 1 , 1 68 IA. thyroidea inferiorl 1 06 - - [Aortal 1 06, 1 1 5 - - IGanglion thoracicuml 1 20 - - [ N, laryngeus recurrensl 1 1 5, 1 21
- - [V. gastrica sinistra l 1 69 , 1 8 1 - omentales IAa. gastroomentalesl 1 3 1 , 1 72 - - [Vv. gastroomentalesl 1 3 1 , 1 60 - ossis ischii 234, 257, 26 1 , 266-267, 273, 3 1 7, 3 1 9 - ovaricus 204
- perforansl-tesl [A. fibularisl 3 5 1 , 368, 374
- - [V portae hepatisl 1 46, 244, 246, 248-249
- dorsalis IA. lumbalisl 41 - - [V. lumbalisl 4 1 - femoralis 66, 68, 2 1 7, 2 2 1 , 3 1 7,
- - [A thoracica internal 69 - - [Arcus plantaris profu ndusl 378
- pericardiacus [ N phrenicusl 1 18
344, 349, 353, 355, T40
- fundi uteri IA. uterinal 204 - gastrici anteriores ITru ncus vagalis a nteriorl 1 1 7 - - IV gastroomentalis dextral
- perinea les 240-241 - p h renicoabdominales [ N. p h renicusl 63, 1 1 8 - posteriorl-esl IA. media genusl 289
1 60
- gen italis 60, 68, 1 97, 2 1 7, 22 1 , 225, 238, 256, 344, 349, T40 - helicini 204 - iliacus 2 1 7, 2 2 1 - i nferior OSSIS pubis 1 96, 2 1 5, 234, 260, 266-267, 272-273, 3 1 7, 319 - infrapatellaris 348-349, 353, 365, T40 - intercostales a nteriores 69, 247 - interganglionares 45
- I nterventricularisl-esl anterior IA coronaria sinistral 74, 79-80, 84, 86-87, 98, 1 27
- - posterior IA. coronaria dex tral 75, 80, 84-87, 1 20 - - septales IA coronaria dextral 86
- - - [A. coronaria s i nistral 86-87
- labiales posteriores 2 4 1 - lateralis [A. coronaria sinistral 86
- - [ N . spinalis, R posteriori 4 1 -43
- I N . thoracicusl 37 malleolares laterales 35 1 , 372 - mediales 351 , 372 mandibulae 1 2 marginalis dexter 80, 84, 86-87 - sinister 80, 84, 86-87 mastoideus IA occipitalisl 38 medialis IN spinalis, R posteriori 41 -43 - - [N. thoracicusl 37 - meningeus [Truncus n spinalisl
-
4 1 -43, 45
- muscula ris[ -esl I N . femoralisl 356-358, T40
- - I N . fibula ris profu nd usl 374 - - [N. plantaris medialisl 377 - - I N. t iblallsl 362-363, 369-370
- nodi atrioventricularis 86 - - slnuatrialis 84, 86 - obturatorius IA. epigastrica i n feriorl 2 2 5 , 359 - occi pitalisl-esI IA. a uricularis posteriori 38 - - [A occipitalisl 38
-
-
- -
- - -
IA, obturatorial 359 IA. renalisl 1 82 laterales I N n . thoracicil 37 mediales [ N n. thoracicil 37 I N , a uricu laris magnusl 36 I N, cervica lisl 37-40 I N, obturatoriusl 348, T40 IN, sacralisl 37 [N, spinalisl 36-3 7, 40-41 , 45 [ N n. thoracicil 37-38, T20 ITruncus n spi nalisl 4 1 -43 , 45
- [V. portae hepatisl 248 - ventriculi sin istri 85-86 posterolateralis dexter 86-87 profu ndus IA. c i rcumflexa femoris medialisl 359, 363-364 - - IA. g lutea superiorl 364 [A. plantaris medialisl 375 IA. transversa colli I 38-39 - - [N plantaris lateralisl
-
377-378
- - IV glutea superiorl 364 - pubicus [A. epigastrica inferiorl 225, 359
- - [A. obturatorial 225 - rad icularis anterior [A. spinalis anteriorl 45 - saphenus [A. descendens genusl 351 , 358 - scrotales anteriores 238 - - posteriores 227, 240 - sinister IA. hepatica proprial 1 46 - - IV. portae hepatisl 1 46, 1 54 - spinales [A, intercostalis posteriori 45 - - [A. sacralis lateralisl 226 - splenici 1 73 - subendocardiales 83 - superfici a lis IA. c i rcumflexa femoris medialisl 357, 359, 363 - - IA. g lutea superiorl 363 - - IA. plantaris medialisl 375, 378
- - IA transversa collil 39 - - I N plantaris lateralisl 376-378
- - [ N . tibialisl T40 - superior ossis pubis 1 96, 234, 264 , 266-267, 272-273, 3 1 7
I n d ex
Ramusl-i/
- tracheales I N. laryngeus recurrensl 1 20 - transversus 359 - tubarius IA uterinal 204. 228 - vag inales IA. uterinal 204 Raphe - perinei 232-233. 235 - scroti 1 94. 239 Recessus - axillaris 1 2 2 - costodiaphragmaticus 54. 1 0 1 , 1 03, 1 1 0, 1 1 8, 1 20-1 2 1 , 1 60, 246-248, 250 - costomediasti nalis 1 1 0, 1 1 3, 1 24, 1 27 - duodenalis inferior 1 64, 1 66 - 1 67 - - superior 1 64, 1 66- 1 67 - ileocaecalis inferior 1 63-1 67 - - superior 1 63, 1 65-1 67 - inferior bu rsae omentalis 1 6 1 - intersigmoideus 1 64, 1 67 - p h ren lcomed iastinalis 1 2 1 , 243 - pi riformis 1 08 - retrocaecalis 1 66 - splenlcus 1 61 , 1 67, 249 - subpopliteus 290, 331 - superior bu rsae omenta lis 1 6 1 , 1 67, 249 - suprapatellaris 292 - vertebromediastlnalls 1 24, 1 26 Rectoscopy 2 1 1 Rectum 62, 1 38, 1 65-1 67, 1 77, 1 80, 1 85, 1 90, 205, 209- 2 1 4, 220-22 1 , 226, 228-229, 23 1 , 237, 243 , 256-257, 354 - AP-radiograph 1 4 1 - arteries 2 1 2 - colonoscopy 2 1 1 - i n n e rvation 2 1 4 - lateral radiograph 2 1 5 - rectoscopy 2 1 1 - vei n s 2 1 3 Reglol-nesl - calcanea s. Calx - cervicalis posterior 1 , 38-40 - cruris 365 - - a nterior 262, 367-368 - - posterior 262, 370-372 - deltoidea 1 - femoris anterior 262, 353, 356-358 - - posterior 262, 360-363 - genus anterior 262, 353 - - posterior 262 - g lutealis 1 , 262, 360-364 - infrascapularis 1 - ingulnalis 262, 353-354 - lumbalis 1 , 41 - - AP-ra d i o g raph 2 1 9 - occipitalis 38-39 - pedis 365 - perinealis of the female 241 - - of the male 240 - sacralis 1 - sca pu laris 1 - vertebralis 1 Ren 29, 35, 67, 1 52, 1 54- 1 55, 1 60, 1 64, 1 66 - 1 67, 1 77, 1 79, 1 82- 1 86, 1 88, 1 92, 200, 2 1 6- 2 1 7 , 245-247, 249-250, 255 - AP-radiog ra p h 1 86, 2 1 6 - computed tomography 1 88 - development 1 88 - projection 1 83 , 1 85 - u ltrasound image 1 88
Rete - articulare genus 35 1 , 358, 368 - calcaneum 372, 377-378 - malleolare laterale 368, 374 - - mediale 374 - patellare 353, 356 - venosum dorsale pedis 365 Retinaculuml-al - musculorum extensorum in ferius 306, 332, 334-337, 367-368, 373 - - - superius 306 - - fibula r i u m inferius 304, 332, 334-336 - - - superius 304, 327, 329-332, 335, 370-371 - - flexorum IPes] 304, 329-33 1 , 335, 342, 370-3 71 , 376-378 - - peroneorum inferius/su peri us s. Retinaculum m us c u lorum fibularium inferius/superi us - patellae latera le 284-285, 306, 3 1 0-3 1 1 - - mediale 284-285, 323 Retroflexio IUterusl 203 Retroperitoneal organs 1 52 Retroperitoneal space 1 79 Retroperitoneal structures, position of the 2 1 7-2 1 8 Retroversio IUterus] 203 RETZIUS, Cave of 207, 252 Rima - g lottid i s 1 1 4 - pudendi 235 Rims 5, 25 ROSEN M O LLER's node 355 Rugae vag i n a les 201 , 205, 233 5
Sacral puncture 44 Sacroiliac joint s. Articulatio sacro i liaca Sacrum, width of the 265 Salpinx s. Tuba uterina SANTO R I N I 's d uct 1 52 Scalenus muscles Tl l Sca pula 1 -3, 26-27, 48, 1 0 1 , 1 08, 1 22- 1 25 Scrotu m 1 94, 1 97, 252 Segmentuml-a] - anterius i nferlus lRenl 1 87 - - laterale dextrum [VI] I Hepar] 1 47 - - - sinistru m [ l 1 1 ] I Hepar] 1 47 mediale dextru m [V] I Heparl 1 47 - - [S 1 I 1 ] I Pulmo] 96 - - superius I Ren] 1 87 - a picale [S I] 96 - apicoposterius [S 1 -IIl IPulmo] 96 - basale anterius [S VIII] IPulmo] 96 - - laterale [S IX] [Pulmol 96 - - mediale [S VIIl I Pulmo] 96 - - posterius [S X] [Pulmol 96 - bronchopu lmonalia 96-97 - cardiacum s, Segmentum basale mediale [S VII] [Pulmol - [1] I Heparl 1 47 - inferius IRenl 1 87 - laterale [S IV] [Pulmol 96 - lingulare inferius [S V] [Pu lmo] 96 - - superlus [S IV] [Pulmol 96
Segmentuml-a/
Spinal-ae/
- mediale [S V] [Pulmo] 96 - - sinistrum [IV] 1 47 - posterius laterale dextrum [VI I] [Hepa r] 1 47 - - - sinistrum [ I I ] [ Hepar] 1 47 - - mediale dextrum [VI I I] [ Hepar] 1 47 - - IRen] 1 87 - - [S I I] [ Pulmo] 96 - renalia 1 87 - superius [ Renl 1 87 - - [S VI] I Pu lmo] 96 Septula testis 1 93- 1 94, 252 Septum[-a] - atrioventriculare 82 - femorale 355 - glandis 1 99 - interatriale 78-79, 1 1 9 - i ntermuscu lare cruris anterius 327, 332, 366, 381 - - - posterius 329, 366, 381 - - vastoadductorium 3 1 4, 357 - i nterventriculare 78-80, 83, 1 26 - longitudinalia 379 - penis 1 99, 243 - rectovaginale s, Fascia rectovag i nalis - scroti 6 1 , 1 94, 239, 242 - vesicovaginale 207, 253 SHERMAN's vein 352 Sinus - anales 2 1 0- 2 1 1 , 252 - aortae 79-80, 82, 1 27 - coronarius 75-76, 85, 99 - epididymidis 1 93- 1 94 - lactiferus 64 - maxillaris 1 2 - obllquus pericardii 75, 89 - prostaticus 1 90 - renalis 1 83- 1 84, 1 88, 250 - sag lttalis superior 40 - tarsi 296, 305 - transversus 40 - - pericard i i 75, 84, 89, 1 1 9, 1 26 - trunci pulmonalis 76, 82, 98 - vena rum cavarum 85 Situs - cordis 88 - retroperitonealis 1 79, 2 1 7-2 1 8 - viscerum 1 58- 1 59, 1 62, 1 66, 1 72- 1 73, 1 75 Sole of the foot, muscles 338-343, T53-T54 Spatium[-al - e p i d u rale 24, 4 1 , 43, 248, 252 - pararectale 205, 2 1 0 - paravesicale 205 - retropubicum 70, 205, 207, 252, 257 - retrorectale 205 - subarachnoideum 4 1 , 43, 45, 1 1 9, 1 23, 252 - subdurale 4 1 , 43 Spina [-ae] - l liaca anterior inferior 230, 264-267, 271 , 273 superior 3, 46-47, 52, 56-58, 7 1 , 1 32, 1 40, 1 97, 207, 230, 255, 262, 264-269, 2 7 1 , 273, 306, 3 1 5, 3 1 7, 322, 355, 360, 364 - - posterior i nferior 266-267, 273 superior 2, 3 1 , 52, 1 83, 230, 254, 264, 266-267, 270, 273, 360
- ischiadica 3 , 2 1 2-2 1 3 , 230, 256, 264, 266-267, 273, 280, 3 1 9 - scapulae 1 -2, 26, 52, 1 03 , 1 23 Spinal anaesthesia 44 S p le n 1 40, 1 55-1 57, 1 59-1 6 1 , 1 66 - 1 67, 1 70, 1 72, 1 80, 245, 247-249, 255 - AP-radiograph 1 71 - H i lum 1 56 SpondylolistheSIS 9 Spondylolysis 9 Squama occipitalis 1 9 Sternoclavicular joint s , Articu latio sternoclavicu laris Sternum 5, 48, 50-52, 1 1 1 , 1 1 9, 1 25, 1 27, 1 32, 207, 242 Stratum - basale endometriale 202 - circulare 1 05, 1 29-1 30, 1 36, 139 - functionale endometriale 202 - long itudinale 1 05, 1 29-1 30, 1 36, 1 39, 2 1 0, 228 Stroma ovarii 201 Suboccipital muscles 3 1 -34, 40, T20 Substantia - com pacta 277 - spongiosa 277, 281 Subtraction angiography, d i g ital IDSA] 359 - a rteries of femur 359 SUDECK's point 1 76, 2 1 2 Sulcus[-i] - a nalis 262 - a rteriae splenicae 1 53 - - su bclaviae 49 - - vertebralis 6, 1 7 - calcanei 297-298 - coronarius 75-76, 85 - costae 49 - g lutealis 262, 307, 3 1 9 , 360 - interventricularis a nterior 76, 80 - - posterior 76, 80, 85 - malleolaris 282-283, 301 - nervi spinalis 7 - obturatorius 266 - paracolici 1 62- 1 64 - popliteus 281 , 29 1 , 293 - sinus sigmoidei 1 8 - s u p raacetabularis 266-267 - tall 297 - tendinis m usculi fibularis longi 295, 297-298, 300, 302 flexoris hallucis longi ICalcaneus] 296-298, 302 - - longi ITalus] 297-298 - terminalis cordis 75, 85 - venae subclaviae 49 Sura 262 Sustentaculum tali 295-298, 300, 302, 305, 382 Sympathetic nervous system 2 1 4 , 222-223 Symphysis - manubriosternalis 50-51 - pubica 73, 1 90, 205, 207, 225, 230, 234-235, 244, 252-253, 256-257, 264, 268, 271 -274, 3 1 7, 355, T39 - xiphosternalis 50 Synchondrosis costae 51 Syndesmosis t i biofibularis 263, 294, 304-305, 382, T39
I n dex
Systema - conducente cordis 82-83 - skeletale IColumna vertebralisl 2
T
Taenia - libera 1 38 - 1 4 0 , 1 58, 1 6 1 - 1 65 - mesocolica 1 39 , 1 6 1 - omentalis 1 39, 1 58, 1 60- 1 6 1 , 1 63 Talus 295-299, 30 1 , 304-305, 383 Tarsal joint - s Articulatio cuneonavicularis, Articulatio cuneocuboidea, Ar ticulatlol- nesl intercunellormes - transverse s. Articulatio talocalcaneonavic u la ris, Articulatio calcaneoc u boidea Tarsal tunnel 377 Tarsometatarsal joints s. Articulatiol-nesl tarsometatarsales Tarsus 263 Tela - subcutanea 58, 74, 2 1 0 , 232, 239 - submucosa 1 0 5, 1 30 , 1 36 - 1 37, 1 39
- su bserosa 1 30 , 1 36, 1 39 Tendo calca neus 300-30 1 , 304, 307, 309, 328-333 , 335, 370-372, 382-383 Testis 61 , 67, 1 85. 1 92- 1 94, 222, 242-243. 252
Thigh s. Femur Thoracic muscles 52-55. 57-58. T 1 3 Thoracic organs 1 1 8 Thoracic part 0 1 the vertebral column - AP-radiograph 1 4 - lateral rad iograph 1 4 Thoracic wall 58, 66, 69 - i n n e rvation, segmental 67 - muscles s. thoracic muscles - skeleton projection 47 - su rlace a natomy 46 Thorax - c ross section 1 2 5 - lrontal section 1 1 8, 1 2 1 - median section 1 1 9 Thymus 1 1 0 - 1 1 3 , 1 1 9 , 1 59 T i b i a 262-263, 282-283, 285-287, 290-294, 300-30 1 , 304-306, 327, 329-33 1 , 366-367, 3 74, 3 8 1 -383
Trabeculal-ael - carneae 79-80 - corporum cavernosorum 1 98 - septomarginalis 78, 80-81 - splenicae 1 56 Trachea 1 3 , 89-9 1 , 98-99, 1 0 1 . 1 04, 1 06- 1 07, 1 09 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 4- 1 2 1 , 1 23-1 24 - bifurcation 9 0 - cross-section 9 1 - projection 9 0 Tractus I llotibialis 279, 306-307, 3 1 2-3 1 3 , 3 1 8-3 1 9 , 322, 324, 327, 332, 36 1 , 3 8 1 TREITZ, M uscle of 1 35 , 1 52 Triad of GLISSON 1 45 Triangle of BOCHDALEK 63 Triangular space 37
Trigonuml-al - clavI pectora Ie 58 - fibrosum dextrum 77, 84 - - sinistrum 77, 84 - lumbale 26-27, 37. 52. 364
Trigonum/-a}
- lumbocostale 63, T21 - sternocostale 63, T21 - vesicae 1 90- 1 9 1 . 1 95. 1 98 Trochanter - major 256, 262, 268. 273-280, 3 1 9-3 2 1 , 360, 364
- minor 273-280. 3 1 6. 3 2 1 . 364 - tertius 275 Trochlea - fibularis 296-297 - tali 295-298, 305 Truncusl-il - brach iocephalicus 74-75 , 89, 98-99, 1 04- 1 05 , 1 07, 1 09 . 1 1 1 , 1 1 4- 1 1 5, 1 1 8- 1 2 1 , 1 24 - coeliacus 62, 1 04, 1 06, 1 1 5 , 1 52 , 1 55 , 1 68, 1 70 - 1 73, 1 78- 1 79 , 1 87, 2 1 4 , 2 1 7- 2 1 8 , 220-221 - - variations 1 78 - costocervicalis 1 1 5 - IEmbryol 206 - gastrosplenicus 1 78 - hepatomesentericus 1 78 - i ntestinalis 2 1 8 - lumbalis 2 1 8-2 1 9 - lumbosacralis 68, 220-22 1 , 225, 344 - nervi spinalis 4 1 -43 , 45 - pulmonalis 74-76, 79, 82, 84, 98, 1 0 1 , 1 1 4, 1 20 - 1 2 1 , 1 25- 1 26 - sympathicus 4 1 , 45, 63, 68, 83, 1 1 2- 1 1 3 , 1 1 5- 1 1 7, 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 24- 1 25, 1 27, 220-223, 225, 245, 248, 250-251 - tlbiofibularis 369 , 372 - vagalis anterior 63, 1 1 7 - - posterior 63, 1 20- 1 2 1 Tru nk-arm muscles 26-27, T 1 8 - deep layer 2 7 - superficial layer 26
Tru nk-shoulder g i rd le muscles 26-27, T 1 7
- pubicum 47, 230, 234-235, 264, 266-267, 27 1 , 273, 355 - q u a d ratum 275-276
Tuberositas - g lutea 275-276. 278, 3 1 9 - iliaca 264, 266 - musculi g lutei maximi 267 - - serrati anterioris 49 - ossis c u boidei 295-296, 298, 302 - - metatarsi primi 295, 298 - - - q U l nti 295-296, 298, 302-303, 334
-
- navic u la ris 295, 298, 302 - sam 1 0- 1 1 phalangis distalis I Pesl 295 tibiae 262, 282, 285-287, 29 1 , 294, 327, 332, 367
Tubulus - d istalis 1 84 - proximalis 1 84 Tunica - adventitia 1 05 - - ITracheal 9 1 - albuginea 1 93 , 244 - - corporis spong iosi 1 99 - - corporum cavernosorum 1 97 - 1 9 9 , 242, 252
- dartos 70, 1 94, 1 97, 226. 232, 239, 242, 252
- II brosa 1 53
- mucosa 1 05 , 1 2 1 , 1 30 , 1 36, 1 39 ,
1 50, 1 90 , 2 0 1 -202 - - IGasterl 1 08 - - ITracheal 9 1 - muscularis 1 05, 1 1 9 , 1 29 - 1 30, 1 35-1 37, 1 39 - 1 40 , 1 90-1 9 1 , 2 0 1 -202, 2 1 0 , 226, 228, 230, 2 6 1 - serosa 1 30 , 1 36-1 37, 1 43 , 1 50 , 1 53, 2 0 1 -202 , 226 - - IColonl 1 39 - vaginalis testis 70, 1 93-1 94, 239, 242
- deep layer 2 7 - superficial layer 26 Tuba - uterina 1 6 7, 200-20 1 , 203-204, 209, 223 , 228, 259
- - AP-radiogra p h 203 Tuber - calcanei 296-298, 300-302. 304-305 , 328-330, 332, 340-341
- ischiadicum 3 , 2 1 2- 2 1 3, 2 1 5 , 230, 232-235, 257-258, 265-268, 270, 273, 280, 3 1 7, 3 1 9-320, 360 - omentale 1 42 , 1 6 1 Tubercle o f VATER 1 35 , 1 50 , 1 52
Tuberculuml-al - adductorium 275, 277 - a nterlus IVertebra cervicalisl 6-7, 35, 55
- costae 8, 20, 22, 49 - iliacum 264, 267 - intercondylare laterale 282, 291
-
- mediale 282, 2 9 1 i ntervenosum 78 latera Ie ITalusl 296-298 majus I H umerusl 47 mediale ITa lusl 296-298 minus I H umerusl 47 musculi scaleni a nterioris 49 obturatorium anterius 267 - posterius 266-267 posterius IAtlasl 34 IVertebra cervicalisl 6-7, 1 2, 1 7, 3 1 , 33, 35
v
Tuberculum{-al
Vaginal-ael 200-205. 207. 223, 228, 230-23 1 , 234. 237. 253, 257 - communis tendinum musculo rum fibularium 304. 334-335 - musculi recti a bdominis 52, 56-58. 69-70. 72. 249. 355
- plantaris tendinis musculi flbularis longi 341 - tendi nis/tendinum dig itorum pedis 335, 340-341 - - muscu li/-orum extensoris d i gitorum longi 334-335 - - - - hallucis longi 334-335 flexoris d l g itorum longi 304. 335
- - - - hallucis longi 335. 340 tibi a lis anteriorls 334-335 - - - - posterioris 3 04. 335 - - I Pesl 334-335 Valval-ael - aortae 77, 80, 82. 85. 1 1 4. 1 1 9- 1 20, 1 26-1 27
- atrioventricula ris dextra 77-78, 80-82, 1 1 9- 1 20 , 1 27
- - sinistra 77. 79-82. 1 26 - 1 2 7 - cordis 7 7 - m itralis s. Valva atrioventricu la ris sinistra - tricuspidalis s. Va lva atrioventricularis dextra - trunci pulmonalis 77. 82. 84 Va lye of HEISTER 1 50 Valvulal-ael - a n a les 2 1 0 - fora minis ovalis 79 - fossae navicularis 1 98 - semilunaris a nterior 77 - - - IValva trunci pulmonalisl 84 - - dextra IVa lva a o rtael 77, 79, 82, 84, 1 1 9 , 1 26
- - - IValva trunci pu lmonalisl 77. 84
- - posterior IVa lva aortael 77, u
U mbilical cord 208 Umbilicus 59, 72, 1 97 Uncovertebral clefts 24 Uncus corporis 7, 1 3, 24-25, 35 Upper abdomen - vessels 1 72- 1 73 - viscera 1 60 Urachus 70, 1 59 , 1 85 , 1 92 . 200 Ureter 7 1 , 1 52 , 1 63 - 1 64, 1 66 - 1 67, 1 7 1 , 1 79 , 1 9 1 - 1 92, 2 1 6-2 1 8, 236, 245,
1 82- 1 83, 1 85 - 1 87, 1 96, 200-20 1 , 205, 209, 2 2 1 -222, 226-229 , 231 , 2 5 1 , 253-254, 258 - AP-radiograph 1 86 Urethra 1 90 , 1 96, 1 98 , 252-253 - feminina 200, 207, 230, 234, 237. 2 6 1 - masculina 1 90 , 1 95-1 96. 1 98-1 99. 222, 234, 239, 244, 259-260 Uterus 1 40 , 200-203, 205, 207, 209, 223, 228-229 , 253, 354 - AP-radiograph 203
- mucosa, phase of proliferation 202
- position 203 - pregnant 206-207 - - u ltrasound image 206 - ultrasound image 206 Utriculus prostaticus 1 90 . 1 92 , 1 98 Uvula vesicae 1 90. 1 98
79-80, 82, 84. 1 1 9 . 1 26
- - sinistra IValva aortael 77, 79-80 . 82. 84. 1 1 9 . 1 26
- - - IValva trunci pulmonalisl 77. 82. 84
- sinus coronarii 78. 82. 84 - venae cavae i nferioris 78. 82 Vasl-al - deferens s. D u ctus deferens - lymphaticuml-al 1 97. 2 1 9 - - afferentia 2 1 9 - - AP-radiog raph 2 1 9 - - centra le 1 36 - - efferentia 2 1 9 - - profunda 367 - - su perficialia 366 - testiculares 7 1 VATER, Papilla o f 1 35. 1 50 . 1 52-1 53 Veinlsl - deep perforating of HACH 352 - of BOYD 352 - of COCKETT 352 - of DODD 306, 352 - of H U NTER 352 - of MAY 352, 365 - of S H E RMAN 352 Venal-ael - anterior IV. pulmonalis dextra su periorl 98, 1 20. 1 22 - apicalis 98 - a p icoposterior 98 - appendicularis 1 69 . 1 80
I n d ex
Venal-aef
-
a rcuata cruris posterior 365 atriales s i nistrae 75 auricularis posterior 38-39 axillaris 54, 1 1 3, 1 20 , 1 22 , 1 24 azygos 63, 75, 99, 1 05 - 1 07, 1 1 2,
1 1 5- 1 1 6 , 1 2 1 , 1 24-1 27, 1 8 1 , 249 - basalis inferior 1 27 - basivertebralis 42, 1 1 9, 242 - brachiocephalica 75, 89, 98, 1 05- 1 06 , 1 1 0- 1 1 3, 1 1 6, 1 1 8- 1 1 9 - bronchialis 1 1 2 - bulbi penis 234 - - vesti buli 241 - cardiaca magna 74-75 , 79-80, 84-85, 1 27 - - media 75, 84-85, 99, 1 1 9 - - parva 74, 8 5 - cava i nferior 35, 63, 75-76, 78, 83, 85, 89, 99, 1 0 1 , 1 0 5-1 07, 1 1 4, 1 1 6, 1 2 1 , 1 42- 1 43, 1 46- 1 48 , 1 52 , 1 54- 1 55 , 1 67, 1 69, 1 72-1 73, 1 79- 1 8 1 , 1 85 , 1 87 - 1 89, 2 1 0, 2 1 3, 2 1 7- 2 1 8, 22 1 , 243-244, 248-25 1 - - superior 74-78, 82, 84-85, 89, 98-99, 1 0 1 , 1 05-1 07, 1 1 1 - 1 1 2, 1 1 4, 1 1 � 1 1 8, 1 20, 1 24- 1 26 - centralis 1 45 , 1 89 - - [Glandula suprarenalisl 1 89 - cephalica 58, 66, 1 22 - cervicalis profunda 39 - - superficialis 66 - c i rcumflexa femoris latera lis 261 - - - medialis 256, 260-261 - - humeri posterior 37 - - ilium profunda 1 79 , 2 2 1 , 227, 231 - - - superficialis 66, 353-355 - - scapulae 37 - colica dextra 1 5 2, 1 69, 1 75, 1 80 - - media 1 52, 1 6 1 , 1 63- 1 64, 1 69, 1 75 , 1 77, 1 80 - - sinistra 1 6 7, 1 69, 1 75 , 1 77, 1 80- 1 8 1 - cordis 8 5
-
- media s Vena cardiaca media cremasterica 238 cystica 1 49, 1 69, 1 72 , 1 80- 1 8 1 digitales dorsales pedis 373 dorsalis profunda clitoridis 23 1 , 234
- - - penis 1 99, 227, 234, 238-239, 252
- - superflcialis penis 1 99, 238, 252
- duodenales 1 69 - epigastrica i nferior 60, 66, 69,
-
-
-
71 -72, 1 58-1 59, 1 73, 1 75 , 1 79, 1 8 1 , 1 96, 2 1 7, 2 2 1 , 227, 229, 23 1 , 236, 253 - superficia lis 66, 1 8 1 , 353-355 - superior 66, 69-70 , 72 femoralis 62, 73, 2 1 8, 244, 256257, 3 1 4 , 353, 355-358, 380-381 femoropoplitea 366 fibularis 366 gast rica[-ae[ breves 1 3 1 , 1 66, 1 69, 1 80 - dextra 1 3 1 , 1 69 , 1 80 - sinistra 1 06, 1 3 1 , 1 52 , 1 60, 1 69, 1 72 . 1 79-1 8 1 , 244, 249 gastroduodenalis 1 5 2 gastroomentalis dextra 1 3 1 , 1 60, 1 67, 1 69 , 1 72 - 1 73, 1 80 - sin istra 1 06, 1 3 1 , 1 60 , 1 69, 1 72 - 1 73, 1 80 glutea inferior 2 1 3, 256, 364, 380
Venal-aef glutea - - superior 2 1 3, 254, 380 - hemlazygos 63, 1 06, 1 1 6, 1 1 9, 1 8 1 , 245, 249 - - accessoria 1 06, 1 1 3, 1 1 6 - hepaticae 63, 89, 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 43 , 1 48 , 1 6 7, 1 69, 1 79- 1 8 1 , 2 1 7-2 1 8 - dextrae 1 46, 1 48, 243, 246, 248 - - intermediae 1 46, 1 48 - - projection 1 46 - - sinistrae 1 46, 1 48, 243-244 - - ultrasound image 1 48 - ileales 1 69 , 1 75 , 1 80, 2 5 1 - ileocolica 1 69, 1 80 - iliaca communis 1 6 7, 1 79, 1 8 1 , 2 1 0, 2 1 3, 2 1 7-2 1 8 , 22 1 , 225, 227-228, 23 1 , 242-243, 254 - - externa 7 1 , 1 79 , 1 96, 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 22 1 , 226-229, 23 1 , 236, 253-254, 3 1 7, 354, 356, 358 - - i nterna 1 8 1 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 2 1 7 , 226-228, 23 1 , 254, 258, 354 - iliolumballs 2 1 7 - i ntercostalis[-esl 70, 1 26- 1 27 - - anteriores 247 - - posteriores 54, 73, 1 06, 1 1 2- 1 1 3 , 1 1 5-1 1 6 - interlobularis 1 45 - interventricu laris a nterior 74, 80, 84 - - posterior 75, 80, 84-85 - i n tervertebralis 42 - jejunales 1 52 , 1 69, 1 75 , 1 77, 1 80 - jugularis a nterior 1 1 9 - - extern a 38 - - interna 89, 1 05-1 06, 1 1 0, 1 1 8, 1 2 1 - 1 22 - lobi medii 98 - lumbales 4 1 , 1 79, 2 1 7, 243, 245 - lumbalis ascendens 42, 1 1 5- 1 1 6 , 221 - marg i nalls coli 1 69 - - lateralis 365, 373 - - medialis 365, 373 - mesenterica inferior 1 52, 1 67, 1 69, 1 77, 1 79 - 1 8 1 , 2 1 3 - - superior 1 52- 1 53 , 1 6 7, 1 69, 1 73, 1 75, 1 77, 1 79- 1 8 1 , 242-244, 2 5 1 - musculo phrenica 69 - obliqua atrii sinistri 85 - obturatoria 7 1 , 2 1 3 , 227, 229, 23 1 , 236, 256-257, 2 6 1 , 3 1 7, 355 - occipitalis 37-39 - oesophageae 1 06, 1 69, 1 80 - ovarica 1 52 , 1 67, 1 82 , 1 87, 20 1 , 209, 228-229, 253 - pancreaticae 1 69
- pancreaticoduodenalisl-esl
Venal-ae} portae hepatis
- - - ultrasound image 1 48 - posterior IV. pulmonalis dextra superiorl 98 - prepylorica 1 72 - profunda[-ael brachii 37 - - femoris 26 1 , 352, 358 - - interna 2 1 3 , 227-228 - pudenda[-ael externae 66, 1 97, -
-
-
1 69 , 1 80
-
- superior posterior 1 69 paraumbilicales 66, 72, 1 8 1 perforantes 306, 352, 365, 373 pericardiacophrenica 89,
1 1 1 - 1 1 3, 1 1 8 - perinealis 234
- phrenicae inferiores 63, 1 06, 181 , 21 7
- plantaris lateralis 304 - - medialis 304 - poplitea 284, 329, 3 6 1 -363 , 366, 369-371
- portae hepatis 1 06, 1 3 1 , 1 42 - 1 43 , 1 46, 1 48 , 1 52 - 1 54, 1 67, 1 69- 1 70 , 1 72 - 1 73 , 1 79-1 8 1 , 243-244, 246, 248-250 - - - projection 1 46
-
-
238, 353-355 - interna 227, 23 1 , 234, 236, 240-24 1 , 256-258, 260-26 1 , 363-364 pulmona lis[-esl 1 1 2, 1 20 - dextra[-ael 75-76, 78-79, 85, 88-89, 95, 98, 1 00, 1 05, 1 07, 1 1 2, 1 2 1 , 245 i nferior 99, 1 26 - 1 2 7 - - superior 98-99, 1 20, 1 24, 1 26 - sinistra[-ael 75-76, 85, 89, 1 05 , 1 07, 1 1 3, 1 1 9, 245 i nferior 79, 88, 95, 98-99, 1 26- 1 27 superior 79, 88, 95, 98-99, 1 0 7, 1 25 rectalis[-es} inferiores 1 69, 1 8 1 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 227-228 - mediae 1 69, 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 227-229 - superior 1 69, 1 77, 1 80- 1 8 1 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 227-229 renalis 1 52, 1 54, 1 8 1 - 1 85 , 1 87-1 88, 2 1 7, 2 2 1 , 242-243, 245-246, 250 sacralis lateralis 226 - mediana 1 79 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 7, 22 1 , 229 saphena accessoria lateralis 353 - - medialis 354 - magna 66, 68, 2 1 8, 257, 284, 306, 352-356, 358, 360, 365-366, 373, 379, 381 -382 - parva 284 , 352, 360-36 1 , 363, 365-366, 369-370, 373, 381 -382 sigmoldeae 1 69, 1 77, 1 79- 1 8 1 , 2 1 0, 2 1 3 spina lis posterior 4 1 splenica 1 52-1 56, 1 6 1 , 1 67, 1 69, 1 73 , 1 77, 1 79- 1 8 1 , 244-245, 248-250 subclavia 89, 1 05-1 06, 1 1 1 - 1 1 2, 1 1 6, 1 1 8, 1 2 1 , 1 23 subcostalis 1 1 5- 1 1 6 subcutaneae abdominis 66 su prarenalis 1 82 , 1 87, 2 1 7 suralis 370 testicularis 7 1 , 1 5 1 , 1 79, 1 82 , 1 87, 1 93, 2 1 7 , 2 2 1 , 238, 2 5 1 thoracica interna 6 3 , 6 6 , 6 9 , 88-89, 9 8 , 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 24 - latera lis 66 thoracoepigastricae 66 thyroidea inferior 88-89, 1 06, 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 1 6 - superior 1 1 0 tibiales a nteriores 366-367 - posteriores 366 , 370 transversa colli 38 u m b i licalis 70-7 1 , 1 43, 1 59, 207 uterina 228-229 ventriculi dextri anteriores 84 - sinistri posteriores 75, 85 vertebralis 39, 75, 1 06 vesicalisl-es} 70, 228 - inferior 227
Venal-ae} vesicalisl-es} - - su perior 227
Venter - occipitalis 39 - posterior 3 1 , 33-34 - superior 1 1 0 Ventriculusl-i} - cordis dexter 74-76, 78, 80-82, 85, 98-99, 1 1 4, 1 20-1 2 1 , 1 26-1 27, 244 - - sinister 74-76, 79-82, 85, 98, 1 0 1 , 1 05, 1 20- 1 2 1 , 1 26 - 1 2 7 Versio IUterus} 203
Vertebra[-ae} - cervicales 3-5, 7, 1 2- 1 3 , 1 7- 1 9 , -
35, 40, 4 8 , 55, 1 03, 1 1 9 - AP-radiograph 1 3 - lateral rad i o g raph 1 2
coccygeae s Osl-sa} coccygis development 5, 2 4 epiphyses 5, 25 lumbales 1 , 3-5 , 8-9, 1 5- 1 6,
23-24, 32 , 4 1 , 44, 48, 62-63, 72, 1 54, 1 78 , 2 1 6 , 249-252, 254, 268-269, 2 7 1 -273, 3 1 7 - - AP-radiogra p h 1 6 - - lateral radiogra p h 1 5 - ossification centres 5 - prominens 1 -4, 7, 26, 34, 1 03, 1 1 9 - regional characteristics 5 - sacrales 2 , 274 - structure characteristics 8 - thoracicae 3-5, 8-9, 20, 26, 48, 1 2 1 - 1 27, 1 86, 248-249 - - AP-ra d io g raph 1 4 - - lateral radiograph 1 4 Vertebral column 3-4 - ligaments 20-2 1
Vesica - biliaris 67, 1 40 , 1 42 , 1 44 , 1 46-1 47, 1 49 - 1 5 1 , 1 54, 1 60- 1 6 1 , 1 70, 1 72 . 1 80, 250 - - AP-ra d i o g raph 1 5 1 , 1 54 - - laparoscopy 1 49
- fellea s. Vesica biliaris - urinaria 62, 67, 70-7 1 , 1 40, 1 59, 1 65-1 67, 1 98, 200, 226-229, 252-253,
1 79, 1 85, 205, 207, 236-23 7, 256-257, - - puncture 1 90
1 90 - 1 92, 1 96, 209, 2 1 7, 222, 242-243, 259-26 1 , 354
Vestibulum - bursae omentalis 1 6 1 , 1 66 - vaginae 235 Villi intestinales 1 36 Viscera - of the neonate 1 59 - upper a bdomen 1 60- 1 6 1 Vortex cordis 76 w WINSLOW, Foramen of 1 60 WIRSU N G , Duct of 1 52 WOLFFian d uct 1 92, 200
z ZENKER, Diverticulum of 1 09
Zona - fasciculata 1 89 - orbicularis 256, 27 1 , 279 - reticularis 1 89 Zygapophysis s. Processus articu laris superior/inferior IVertebra}