Hip Pain: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References

A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N. P ARKER , ...

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A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Hip Pain: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84453-4 1. Hip Pain-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on hip pain. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HIP PAIN ................................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Hip Pain........................................................................................ 4 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 5 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2. BOOKS ON HIP PAIN ................................................................................................... 27 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 27 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 27 Chapters on Hip Pain................................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 3. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON HIP PAIN ..................................................................... 29 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 29 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 29 Newsletter Articles ...................................................................................................................... 30 Academic Periodicals covering Hip Pain ..................................................................................... 31 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 35 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 35 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 35 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 37 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 39 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 41 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 41 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 41 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 48 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 51 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 51 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 51 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 57 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 58 HIP PAIN DICTIONARY............................................................................................................... 59 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 73

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with hip pain is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about hip pain, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to hip pain, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on hip pain. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to hip pain, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on hip pain. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HIP PAIN Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on hip pain.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and hip pain, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Hip Pain in a Golfer Source: Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 13(6):11; June 1996. Summary: This journal article describes one doctor's description of a patient, who frequently golfed, complaining of hip pain and the diagnostic process that led to a provisional diagnosis of tendinitis involving the posterior rotators of the hip. The author indicates that this type of hip pain complaint is not common among golfing injuries. Typically, golfers get trochanteric bursitis. The author indicates that treatment with rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is often effective.

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Investigating the Subtle and Obvious Causes of Hip Pain Source: Patient Care. 76-78,83,87-90,95-96,98-99; November 15, 1997.

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Summary: This journal article for health professionals offers guidelines for diagnosing the causes of acute hip pain. It presents an overview of the possible causes of acute hip pain, including fractures, dislocations, contusions, sprains and strains, growth plate injuries, inflammatory disorders, and infection. The article provides guidelines for obtaining a medical history, performing a physical examination and a musculoskeletal assessment, and using imaging studies and laboratory tests. In addition, it presents methods for treating fractures; sprains and strains; dislocations; contusions; inflammatory disorders such as bursitis, synovitis, and arthritis; and infection. 1 reference and 2 figures. •

Hip Pain in Athletes Source: American Family Physician. 61(7): 2109-2118. April 1, 2000. Contact: American Academy of Family Physicians. 11400 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Leawood, KS 66211-2672. (800) 274-2237 or (913) 906-6000. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.aafp.org. Summary: This journal article provides health professionals with information on the evaluation of hip pain in athletes. Hip pain in athletes involves a wide differential diagnosis. For all age groups, an accurate diagnosis depends on a careful history. A methodical physical examination that specifically tests the various muscle groups that move the hip joint can help determine a more specific diagnosis for the often vague complaint of hip pain. The physical examination of the hip is similar for athletes of all ages. Using a stepwise approach, including observation, palpation, and testing for range of motion and strength, will help ensure that important findings are not missed. Adolescents and young adults are at particular risk for various apophyseal and epiphyseal injuries due to lack of ossification of these cartilaginous growth plates. Older athletes are more likely to present with tendinitis in these areas because their growth plates have closed. Several bursae in the hip area are prone in inflammation. The trochanteric bursa is the most commonly injured, and the lesion is easily identified by palpation of the area. Iliotibial band syndrome presents with similar lateral hip pain and may be identified by provocative testing. A number of hip conditions are more prevalent in athletes of certain ages. Transient synovitis is a common diagnosis in the very young, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease causes bony disruption of the femoral head in prepubescents, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis is seen most commonly in obese adolescent males. Femoral neck stress fractures are seen in adult athletes, especially those involved in endurance sports, and can progress to necrosis of the femoral head if not found early. Older athletes may be limited by degenerative joint disease but, nonetheless, should be encouraged to stay active. 11 figures, 1 table, and 18 references. (AA-M).

Federally Funded Research on Hip Pain The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to hip pain. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to hip pain. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore hip pain.

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to fulltext articles. The following is a sample of items found for hip pain in the PubMed Central database: •

Hip Pain in a High School Football Player: A Case Report. by Bolgla LA, Jones DL, Keskula DR, Duncan JB.; 2001 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155407

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with hip pain, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “hip pain” (or synonyms)

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Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 6 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for hip pain (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

“Hip pain”. Author(s): Johnson PH. Source: J Ark Med Soc. 1983 March; 79(10): 348-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6222027

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“Pseudotrochanteric bursitis”: the differential diagnosis of lateral hip pain. Author(s): Traycoff RB. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1991 December; 18(12): 1810-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1665523

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59-year-old man with right hip pain. Author(s): Nijhawan PK, Elkin PL. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1998 June; 73(6): 541-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9621863

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A 10-year-old boy with hip pain. Author(s): Hosalkar HS, Shaw BA, Siongco A, Ceppi C. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2002 April; (397): 434-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11953638

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A 2-year-old girl with right hip pain. Author(s): Chen CJ, Lin CY. Source: Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2002 March-April; 43(2): 63-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12041617

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A 39-year-old man with hip pain and respiratory failure. Author(s): Dooley KE, Sinha SR, Haponik E, Conwit R, Sevransky JE. Source: Chest. 2002 April; 121(4): 1345-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11948073

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A 43-year-old woman with right hip pain. Author(s): Yin Y, Gilula L. Source: Orthop Rev. 1993 August; 22(8): 943-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8265233

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A 55-year-old man with fever, renal failure, and hip pain. Author(s): Clay AS, Behnia M. Source: Chest. 2001 January; 119(1): 281-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11157616

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A 7-year-old girl with hip pain and leg weakness. Author(s): Biasotti S, Garaventa A, Gambini C, Stella G, De Bernardi B. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 2001 April; 160(4): 255-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11317651

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A 90-year-old woman presenting with hip pain. Author(s): Banaszkiewicz P, Moir S, Johnston P, Ewen S, Maffulli N. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1999 January; (358): 250-4, 257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9973998

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A ballet dancer with chronic hip pain due to a lesser trochanter bony avulsion: the challenge of a differential diagnosis. Author(s): Quarrier NF, Wightman AB. Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1998 September; 28(3): 168-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9742474

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A boy with bilateral hip pain. Author(s): Yamamoto T, Fujita I. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2002 October; 75(898): 853-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12381696

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A case of hip pain in an elderly woman. Author(s): Guillem P, Bounoua F, Duval G. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2000 November; 73(875): 1233-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11144806

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A case of hives and hip pain following steroid injection. Author(s): McCroskey DJ, Brown NJ, Morgan HJ. Source: J Tenn Med Assoc. 1991 October; 84(10): 494-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1758178

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A comparison of two different methods to treat hip pain in runners. Author(s): Cibulka MT, Delitto A. Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1993 April; 17(4): 1726. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8467341

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A review of the diagnoses of hip pain presentation in the adolescent. Author(s): Hughes RA, Tempos K, Ansell BM. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1988 December; 27(6): 450-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3203187

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Acetabular labrum tears: a cause of hip pain and degenerative arthritis. Author(s): Altenberg AR. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1977 February; 70(2): 174-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=841394

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Acute spinal epidural abscess presenting as hip pain. Author(s): Donowitz LG, Cole WQ, Lohr JA. Source: Pediatr Infect Dis. 1983 January-February; 2(1): 44-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6835853

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Adductor myositis as a cause of childhood hip pain. Author(s): Thomas S, Tytherleigh-Strong G, Dodds R. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. Part B / European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. 2002 April; 11(2): 117-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11943984

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Adolescent hip pain after Perthes' disease. Author(s): Catterall A. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1986 August; (209): 65-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3731618

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An unusual cause of hip pain in a child. Author(s): Hynes M, Lam F. Source: Emergency Medicine Journal : Emj. 2001 July; 18(4): 320. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11435385

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An unusual cause of hip pain in a child. Author(s): Phillips D, Walling AD. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1988 November 15; 84(7): 56-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3186566

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Anterior hip pain in the adult: an algorithmic approach to diagnosis. Author(s): Mansour ES, Steingard MA. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1997 January; 97(1): 32-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9029877

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Anterior hip pain. Author(s): O'Kane JW. Source: American Family Physician. 1999 October 15; 60(6): 1687-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10537384

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Arthrodesis for disabling hip pain in children and adolescents. Author(s): Fulkerson JP. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1977 October; (128): 296-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=598168

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Arthrography in the diagnosis of unexplained chronic hip pain with regional osteopenia. Author(s): Murphy WA, Siegel MJ, Gilula LA. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1977 August; 129(2): 283-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=409164

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Atypical hip pain origin in a young athletic woman: a case report of giant cell carcinoma. Author(s): Wakeshima Y, Ellen MI. Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001 October; 82(10): 1472-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11588755

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Avulsion fracture of the ischium following complex total hip arthroplasty: an unusual cause of hip pain. Author(s): Smith PN, Gie GA. Source: The Journal of Arthroplasty. 1998 August; 13(5): 603-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9726330

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Back and hip pain in pregnancy due to chordoma. Author(s): Creasman WT. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1967 December 15; 99(8): 11656. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4294346

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Bilateral pleural-based densities in a patient with hip pain. Author(s): Benditt JO, Celli B. Source: Chest. 1990 February; 97(2): 467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2298073

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Case 03-1994: an adolescent with fever and hip pain. Author(s): Schroeder LL, Marble RD, Jackson MA. Source: Pediatric Emergency Care. 1994 June; 10(3): 183-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8058566

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Case of a school-aged child with a limp and hip pain. Author(s): Cadou SG. Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners. 2000 September-October; 14(5): 250-1, 259-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11005889

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Chronic hip pain and limp in a 3-year-old girl. Author(s): Salzman AL, Hoffer FA, Burns JC. Source: Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 1989 March-April; 11(2): 341-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2704930

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Chronic hip pain. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Author(s): Berquist TH, Dalinka MK, Alazraki N, Daffner RH, DeSmet AA, el-Khoury GY, Goergen TG, Keats TE, Manaster BJ, Newberg A, Pavlov H, Schweitzer ME, Haralson RH 3rd, McCabe JB. Source: Radiology. 2000 June; 215 Suppl: 391-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11037453

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Clinical reasoning in the evaluation and management of undiagnosed chronic hip pain in a young adult. Author(s): Zimny NJ. Source: Physical Therapy. 1998 January; 78(1): 62-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9442197

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Clinical reasoning in the management of a 21-year-old physical therapist student with chronic hip pain. Author(s): Fagerson TL. Source: Physical Therapy. 1998 April; 78(4): 436-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9555925

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Clinico-pathologic conference. Hospital for Joint Diseases and Medical Center. June 10, 1972. “Hip pain with generalized skin lesions”. Presentation of case. Author(s): Mankin HJ, Norman A, Dorfman HD. Source: Bull Hosp Joint Dis. 1972 October; 33(2): 116-29. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4648252

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Clubbing and hip pain in a long-term smoker. Author(s): Brodzik FA. Source: Jaapa. 2003 March; 16(3): 55-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14968526

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Combined lumbar and sacral plexus block for the management of long-standing hip pain. Author(s): De Cordoba JL, Marqueta CG, Bernal J, Asuncion J. Source: Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2002 March-April; 27(2): 226-7; Author Reply 227. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11915077

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Diagnosis of hip pain in children. Author(s): Maroo S. Source: Hosp Med. 1999 November; 60(11): 788-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10707188

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Diagnosis of hip pain, an anatomic approach. Author(s): Hodges DL, McGuire TJ, Kumar VN. Source: Orthop Rev. 1987 February; 16(2): 109-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3453961

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Differential diagnosis and management of hip pain in childhood. Author(s): Hollingworth P. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1995 January; 34(1): 78-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7881844

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Do elderly patients with hip pain following trauma require hospital admission? Author(s): O'Dwyer FG, Harper WM, Finlay DB. Source: Injury. 1992; 23(5): 295-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1644454

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Endometrioma of the pubis: a differential in the diagnosis of hip pain. A report of two cases. Author(s): Pellegrini VD Jr, Pasternak HS, Macaulay WP. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1981 October; 63(8): 1333-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6985559

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Endometriosis of the pelvis presenting as hip pain. A case report. Author(s): Silver MD, Jokl P. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1999 November; (368): 207-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10613170

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Endometriosis: a part of the differential diagnosis of hip pain. Author(s): Kozakowski SM. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1993 November-December; 6(6): 597-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8285100

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Enlarged iliopsoas bursa. An unusual cause of thigh mass and hip pain. Author(s): Binek R, Levinsohn EM. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1987 November; (224): 158-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3665236

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Evaluation and management of hip pain: an algorithmic approach. Author(s): Margo K, Drezner J, Motzkin D. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 2003 August; 52(8): 607-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12899815

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Evaluation and treatment of hip pain. Author(s): Kalb RL. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1998 September 15; 33(9): 131-2, 135-6. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9750558

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Evaluation of hip pain following cemented total hip arthroplasty. Author(s): Horne G, Rutherford A, Schemitsch E. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 April; 13(4): 415-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2333255

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Five-year-old boy with hip pain. Author(s): Hudkins M, Dowling AM, Neitzschman HR. Source: J La State Med Soc. 2002 May-June; 154(3): 113-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12139353

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From the RSNA Refresher Courses. Radiological Society of North America. Adult chronic hip pain: radiographic evaluation. Author(s): Manaster BJ. Source: Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2000 October; 20 Spec No: S3-S25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11046159

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From the RSNA Refresher Courses. Radiological Society of North America. Chronic adult hip pain: MR arthrography of the hip. Author(s): Petersilge CA. Source: Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2000 October; 20 Spec No: S43-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11046161

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Groin and hip pain due to fractures at or near the pubic symphysis. Author(s): Nicholas JJ, Haidet E, Helfrich D, Herndon JH, Cooperstein L. Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1989 September; 70(9): 696-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2774889

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Hip pain after twisting leg. Author(s): Swischuk LE. Source: Pediatric Emergency Care. 1996 December; 12(6): 445-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8989796

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Hip pain and childhood malignancy. Author(s): Wong M, Chung CH, Ngai WK. Source: Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. 2002 December; 8(6): 461-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12459605

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Hip pain and its variants: radiological aspects. Author(s): Oestreich AE. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1974 May; 66(3): 208-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4827924

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Hip pain as a presenting symptom of acetabular metastasis. Author(s): Graham DF. Source: The British Journal of Surgery. 1976 February; 63(2): 147-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1252718

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Hip pain caused by buttock claudication. Relief of symptoms by transluminal angioplasty. Author(s): Smith G, Train J, Mitty H, Jacobson J. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1992 November; (284): 176-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1395290

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Hip pain caused by cystic deformation of the labrum acetabulare. Author(s): Ueo T, Hamabuchi M. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1984 August; 27(8): 947-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6466398

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Hip pain during adolescence after Perthes' disease. Author(s): Grossbard GD. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1981; 63B(4): 572-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7298687

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Hip pain in 234 non-ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional multicentre study. Author(s): Hodgkinson I, Jindrich ML, Duhaut P, Vadot JP, Metton G, Berard C. Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2001 December; 43(12): 806-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11769266

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Hip pain in a 12-year-old boy. Author(s): Hosalkar HS, Gill IP, Monsell F, Sau I, Ramsay A. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2003 November; (416): 325-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14646776

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Hip pain in a 13-year old boy with a pelvic mass. Author(s): Khan M, Pawel B, Meyer J, Dormans J. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2003 April; (409): 332-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12671519

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Hip pain in a 13-year-old girl. Author(s): Ekberg F. Source: Minn Med. 1968 May; 51(5): 661-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5649350

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Hip pain in a 21-year-old man. Author(s): Johnston JO, Genant HK, Rosenau W. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1995 February; (311): 276-7, 287-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7634586

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Hip pain in a 24-year-old woman. Author(s): Horowitz SM, Rubin DA, Dalinka MK, Gannon FH. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1995 March; (312): 271-4, 295-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7634614

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Hip pain in a 45-year-old man. Author(s): Johnston JO, Genant HK, Rosenau W. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1994 November; (308): 281-3, 287-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7955694

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Hip pain in a 45-year-old woman. Author(s): Horowitz SM, Uri DS, Dalinka MK, Gannon FH. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1995 October; (319): 327-9, 331-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7554646

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Hip pain in a 56-year-old female patient. Author(s): Horowitz SM, Dalinka MK, Dorfman HD. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1994 August; (305): 293-4, 296. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8050241

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Hip pain in a case of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Author(s): Esterberg J, Kassim RA, Redmon J, Coad J, Macari GS, Saleh KJ. Source: Am J Orthop. 2003 September; 32(9): 455-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14560828

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Hip pain in a patient with an earlier fall. Author(s): Falen SW, Monu JU. Source: J South Orthop Assoc. 1995 Summer; 4(2): 124-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7552683

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Hip pain in adolescence. Author(s): Wedge JH. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1987 December; (225): 93-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3677517

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Hip pain in an adolescent. Author(s): Pear BL, Kilcoyne RF. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1997 March; 40(3): 583-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9082949

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Hip pain in an anticoagulated patient. Author(s): Krumholz HM. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1988 February 15; 23(2): 87-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3125206

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Hip pain in athletes. Author(s): Adkins SB 3rd, Figler RA. Source: American Family Physician. 2000 April 1; 61(7): 2109-18. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10779252

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Hip pain in children. Author(s): Murtagh J. Source: Aust Fam Physician. 1992 July; 21(7): 1018-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1510620

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Hip pain in children: an anatomic approach. Author(s): Hodges DL, McGuire TJ. Source: Orthop Rev. 1988 March; 17(3): 251-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3050809

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Hip pain in late pregnancy. Author(s): Brooks GG, Thomas BV, Wood MJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1990 October; 35(10): 969-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2246765

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Hip pain in patient with Crohn's disease. Occult retroperitoneal abscess as cause. Author(s): Anderson RB, Gatter RA. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1984 April; 75(5): 117-8, 120, 124. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6369283

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Hip pain in the elderly: evaluation and diagnosis. Author(s): Schon L, Zuckerman JD. Source: Geriatrics. 1988 January; 43(1): 48-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3335337

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Hip pain in the third trimester of pregnancy. Author(s): Hockings M, Surwaliwala KH. Source: Hosp Med. 1999 November; 60(11): 836-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10707201

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Hip pain in the young adult: diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the acetabular labrum and acetabular dysplasia. Author(s): Hickman JM, Peters CL. Source: Am J Orthop. 2001 June; 30(6): 459-67. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11411872

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Hip pain in three children accompanied by transient abnormal findings on MR images. Author(s): Pay NT, Singer WS, Bartal E. Source: Radiology. 1989 April; 171(1): 147-9. Erratum In: Radiology 1989 December; 173(3): 881. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2928519

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Hip pain onset in relation to cumulative workplace and leisure time mechanical load: a population based case-control study. Author(s): Pope DP, Hunt IM, Birrell FN, Silman AJ, Macfarlane GJ. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2003 April; 62(4): 322-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12634230

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Hip pain. Author(s): Garcia-Porrua C, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Corredoira J, Vazquez-Caruncho M. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1999 March; 58(3): 148-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10364911

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Hip pain. Author(s): Roberts WN, Williams RB. Source: Primary Care. 1988 December; 15(4): 783-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3068695

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Hip pain. Don't throw away the cane. Author(s): Brady LP. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1988 June; 83(8): 89-90, 95-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3375161

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How common is hip pain among older adults? Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Author(s): Christmas C, Crespo CJ, Franckowiak SC, Bathon JM, Bartlett SJ, Andersen RE. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 2002 April; 51(4): 345-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11978258

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Importance of the early diagnosis of hip pain: new approaches to hip preservation in osteonecrosis. Author(s): Aaron RK. Source: Medicine and Health, Rhode Island. 1998 May; 81(5): 157-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9617091

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Increasing hip pain after a fall. Author(s): Tully J. Source: Jaapa. 2003 April; 16(4): 67-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14968519

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Is diagnostic arthroscopy of the hip worthwhile? A prospective review of 328 adults investigated for hip pain. Author(s): Baber YF, Robinson AH, Villar RN. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1999 July; 81(4): 600-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10463728

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Isotope bone scans in the assessment of children with hip pain or limp. Author(s): Bower GD, Sprague P, Geijsel H, Holt K, Lovegrove FT. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1985; 15(5): 319-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3162147

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Joint distension arthrography for disabling hip pain. A controlled clinical trial. Author(s): Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Meinicke J, Christiansen B, Karle AK, Stage P, Uhrenholdt A. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1985; 14(2): 179-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3890160

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Joint space narrowing and relationship with symptoms and signs in adults consulting for hip pain in primary care. Author(s): Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Oster JD, Bernsen RM, Verhaar JA, Ginai AZ, Bohnen AM. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2002 August; 29(8): 1713-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12180735

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Labral lesions: an elusive source of hip pain case reports and literature review. Author(s): Byrd JW. Source: Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association. 1996 October; 12(5): 603-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8902136

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Laterality of hip pain. Author(s): Wroblewski BM, Siney PD. Source: Lancet. 1993 March 20; 341(8847): 761. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8095662

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Laterality of hip pain. Author(s): Soothill JF, Knowles M. Source: Lancet. 1993 March 20; 341(8847): 760-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8095659

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Left hip pain in a 7-year-old girl. Author(s): Sankar WN, Guttenberg ME, Dormans JP. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2002 October; (403): 274-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12360037

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Location of hip pain. Author(s): Johnson EW. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1979 October 26; 242(17): 1849. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=480615

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Magnetic resonance imaging as the primary imaging modality in children presenting with acute non-traumatic hip pain. Author(s): White PM, Boyd J, Beattie TF, Hurst M, Hendry GM. Source: Emergency Medicine Journal : Emj. 2001 January; 18(1): 25-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11310457

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Magnetic resonance imaging in children with acute hip pain. Author(s): Ranner G, Ebner F, Fotter R, Linhart W, Justich E. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1989; 20(1-2): 67-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2602019

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Mid-third femoral stress fracture with hip pain. Author(s): O'Kane JW, Matsen LJ. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 2001 January-February; 14(1): 64-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11206695

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MR of soft tissue chloroma in a patient presenting with left public and hip pain. Author(s): Turner RM, Peck WW, Prietto C. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1991 July-August; 15(4): 700-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2061495

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Myth: an elevated leukocyte count distinguishes septic arthritis from less serious causes of hip pain. Author(s): Yamanaka L, Herbert ME. Source: The Western Journal of Medicine. 2001 October; 175(4): 275-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11577065

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Normal radiographs in patients with persistent “hip pain”--value of magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Lopez-Ben R, Tolwani A, Chatham W, Pitt MJ, Alarcon GS. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2002 November; 29(11): 2463-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12415610

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Obturator internus tendinitis as a source of chronic hip pain. Author(s): Rohde RS, Ziran BH. Source: Orthopedics. 2003 April; 26(4): 425-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12722916

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Occult infection as a cause of hip pain in a patient with metastatic breast cancer. Author(s): Mackey JR, Birchall I, MacDonald N. Source: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 1995 October; 10(7): 569-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8537700

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Older patients' perceptions of quality of chronic knee or hip pain: differences by ethnicity and relationship to clinical variables. Author(s): Ibrahim SA, Burant CJ, Mercer MB, Siminoff LA, Kwoh CK. Source: The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2003 May; 58(5): M472-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12730259

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Osteoid osteoma as a cause of hip pain in a young athlete. Author(s): Gisselbaek M, Kirchoff R, Jorgensen U. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 1998 February; 8(1): 50-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9502310

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Osteoid osteoma as a cause of hip pain. Author(s): Grevitt MP. Source: J R Army Med Corps. 1990 June; 136(2): 109-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2388186

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Osteopathic medical component missed in treating anterior hip pain. Author(s): Fuller DB. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1997 September; 97(9): 514-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9313347

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Predictors of hip joint replacement in new attenders in primary care with hip pain. Author(s): Birrell F, Afzal C, Nahit E, Lunt M, Macfarlane GJ, Cooper C, Croft PR, Hosie G, Silman AJ. Source: The British Journal of General Practice : the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 2003 January; 53(486): 26-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12564273

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Primary omental torsion presenting as hip pain and limp. Author(s): Crandall WV, Langer JC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 1999 January; 28(1): 95-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9890477

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Pseudotrochanteric bursitis in the differential diagnosis of lateral hip pain. Author(s): Russell AS. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1992 October; 19(10): 1648. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1464885

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Psoas hematoma presenting as hip pain. Author(s): Ankarath S, Campbell P. Source: Orthopedics. 2001 July; 24(7): 689-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11478557

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Radiograph evaluation in children with acute hip pain. Author(s): Nnadi C, Chawla T, Redfern A, Argent J, Fairhurst J, Clarke N. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 2002 May-June; 22(3): 342-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11961451

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Radiographic change is common in new presenters in primary care with hip pain. PCR Hip Study Group. Author(s): Birrell F, Croft P, Cooper C, Hosie G, Macfarlane GJ, Silman A. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2000 July; 39(7): 772-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10908697

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Radiology clinic. Generalized osteosclerosis in an 83-year-old man with hip pain. Author(s): Porter D, Braunstein EM. Source: Indiana Med. 1988 November; 81(11): 953-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3230294

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Radionuclide patterns in pediatric hip pain. Author(s): Sty JR, Simons GW, Rieser TT. Source: Wis Med J. 1980 August; 79(8): 21-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7415198

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Referral patterns of hip pain in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Author(s): Khan NQ, Woolson ST. Source: Orthopedics. 1998 February; 21(2): 123-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9507264

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Repeated psoas compartment blocks for the management of long-standing hip pain. Author(s): Goroszeniuk T, di Vadi PP. Source: Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2001 July-August; 26(4): 376-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11464361

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Retroperitoneal endometriosis causing unilateral hip pain. Author(s): Rana S, Stanhope RC, Gaffey T, Morrey BF, Dumesic DA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 November; 98(5 Pt 2): 970-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11704226

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Retro-peritoneal haemorrhage presenting as hip pain. Author(s): Wan A. Source: Arch Emerg Med. 1988 December; 5(4): 246-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3148304

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Retroversion of the acetabulum. A cause of hip pain. Author(s): Reynolds D, Lucas J, Klaue K. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1999 March; 81(2): 281-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10204935

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Risk factors predicting hip pain in a 5-year prospective cohort study. Author(s): Tuchsen F, Hannerz H, Burr H, Lund T, Krause N. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003 February; 29(1): 35-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12630434

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Roentgen examination of groin and hip pain in the athlete. Author(s): Pavlov H. Source: Clinics in Sports Medicine. 1987 October; 6(4): 829-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3333929

Studies

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Rupture of the labra acetabularis as a cause of hip pain detected arthroscopically, and partial limbectomy for successful pain relief. Author(s): Ueo T, Suzuki S, Iwasaki R, Yosikawa J. Source: Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association. 1990; 6(1): 48-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2310450

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Scrotal pathology as the cause for hip pain. Diagnostic findings on bone scintigraphy. Author(s): Sheafor DH, Holder LE, Thompson D, Schauwecker DS, Sager GL, McFarland EG. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1997 May; 22(5): 287-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9152525

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Shoulder, knee, and hip pain as initial symptoms of juvenile ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. Author(s): Law LA, Haftel HM. Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1998 February; 27(2): 167-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9475141

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Slipped capital femoral epiphysis without hip pain leads to missed diagnosis. Author(s): Ledwith CA, Fleisher GR. Source: Pediatrics. 1992 April; 89(4 Pt 1): 660-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1557247

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Some common causes of hip pain. Physical diagnosis is the key. Author(s): McBeath AA. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1985 June; 77(8): 189-92, 194-5, 198. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4001038

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Sonography for hip joint effusion in adults with hip pain. Author(s): Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Bohnen AM, Verhaar JA, Prins A, Ginai-Karamat AZ, Lameris JS. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2000 March; 59(3): 178-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10700425

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Streptococcal gangrene presenting as hip pain: two case reports and review of the literature. Author(s): Ricketts D, Teale G, Roberts J, O'Malley R. Source: Injury. 1992; 23(2): 134-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1572712

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Stress fractures of the pelvis as a cause of hip pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty. Author(s): Cracchiolo A. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1981 May; 24(5): 740-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7236330

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Tendinosis and tears of gluteus medius and minimus muscles as a cause of hip pain: MR imaging findings. Author(s): Kingzett-Taylor A, Tirman PF, Feller J, McGann W, Prieto V, Wischer T, Cameron JA, Cvitanic O, Genant HK. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1999 October; 173(4): 1123-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10511191

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The differential diagnosis of hip pain using radionuclide imaging. Author(s): Fogel JP, Forrester DM, Brown JC. Source: Clin Rheum Dis. 1983 August; 9(2): 387-401. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6653076

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The 'Entlastungsgang'. A hip unloading gait as a new conservative therapy for hip pain in the adult. Author(s): Schroter J, Guth V, Overbeck M, Rosenbaum D, Winkelmann W. Source: Gait & Posture. 1999 July; 9(3): 151-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10575075

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The influence of total hip replacement on hip pain and the use of analgesics. Author(s): Visuri T, Koskenvuo M, Honkanen R. Source: Pain. 1985 September; 23(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3877266

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The occurrence of falls among patients with a new episode of hip pain. Author(s): Nahit ES, Silman AJ, Macfarlane GJ. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1998 March; 57(3): 166-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9640133

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The scintigraphic evaluation of hip pain in children. Author(s): Heyman S, Goldstein HA, Crowley W, Treves S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1980 March; 5(3): 109-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7357765

Studies

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The superiority of magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating the cause of hip pain in endurance athletes. Author(s): Shin AY, Morin WD, Gorman JD, Jones SB, Lapinsky AS. Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996 March-April; 24(2): 168-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8775115

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The value of dynamic enhanced MRI in the early diagnosis of hip pain in patients having received marrow transplantation. Author(s): Tan CF, Yen PS, Wong HF, Ng KK, Wan YL. Source: Transplantation Proceedings. 2001 November-December; 33(7-8): 3670-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11750561

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Thigh emphysema and hip pain secondary to gastrointestinal perforation. Author(s): Nicell P, Tabrisky J, Lindstrom R, Peter M. Source: Surgery. 1975 November; 78(5): 555-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1188597

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Three common causes of childhood hip pain. Author(s): Koop S, Quanbeck D. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1996 October; 43(5): 1053-66. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8858073

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Transient ischaemia of the proximal femoral epiphysis in the child. Interpretation of bone scintimetry for diagnosis in hip pain. Author(s): Wingstrand H, Bauer GC, Brismar J, Carlin NO, Pettersson H, Sunden G. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1985 June; 56(3): 197-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2930993

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Triage decisions: fever, hip pain, and hematuria in a patient with a Hickman catheter. Author(s): Molitor L. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1988 May-June; 14(3): 192-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3131567

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Ultrasound examination early in evaluation of acute and chronic hip pain in children. Author(s): Golden S. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 1993 May-June; 13(3): 407-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8496380

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Unexplained hip pain: look beyond the obvious abnormality. Author(s): Hedger S, Darby T, Smith MD. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1998 March; 57(3): 131-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9640126

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Unsuspected fractures of the femoral neck in patients with chronic hip pain due to rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Williams PL, Amin NK, Young A. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1986 April 26; 292(6528): 1125-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3084026

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Walking patterns of patients with unilateral hip pain due to osteo-arthritis and avascular necrosis. Author(s): Murray MP, Gore DR, Clarkson BH. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1971 March; 53(2): 259-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5546699

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X-ray conference. An eleven-year-old boy with right hip pain. Author(s): Wilcox WA. Source: Minn Med. 1974 June; 57(6): 487-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4846067

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CHAPTER 2. BOOKS ON HIP PAIN Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to hip pain. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on hip pain include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “hip pain” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “hip pain” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “hip pain” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

Knees and Hips : A Troubleshooting Guide to Knee and Hip Pain [DOWNLOAD: PDF]; ISBN: B0001A21SI; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0001A21SI/icongroupinterna

Chapters on Hip Pain In order to find chapters that specifically relate to hip pain, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and hip pain using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box.

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CHAPTER 3. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON HIP PAIN Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover hip pain.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on hip pain is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to hip pain. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “hip pain” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for hip pain: •

Genzyme Biosurgery gains EU approval to market Synvisc for hip pain Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: July 02, 2002

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “hip pain” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to hip pain, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “hip pain” (or synonyms).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly

Periodicals and News

31

to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on hip pain: •

Strength Training for Runners Source: Running and FitNews. December 1998. Contact: American Running and Fitness Association, 4405 East West Highway, Suite 405, Bethesda, MD 20814. (800) 776-ARFA (2732). Summary: Lentz discusses weight training as an additional form of exercise for runners. According to Lentz, weight training can prevent and reduce many injuries common to runners, such as knee and hip pain. In addition, it strengthens the ligaments and tendons. Lentz offers suggestions on setting up a program, such as training regularly, working through the full range of motion, and allowing recovery time. A sample program is given.

•

Hip-Area Pain Source: Mayo Clinic Health Letter. 18(5): 4-5. May 2000. Contact: Available from Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. (800) 291-1128 ext. 250. Summary: This newsletter article provides the general public with information on hip pain. The hip includes the hip joint and the area surrounding the joint from the waist to the upper leg. The location of the pain in the hip area can help determine whether the problem is related to the joint. The groin area is the most common location for pain related to hip joint disorders. However, pain from hip joint disorders can also occur on the side of the hip, the upper thigh, the buttock, and, occasionally, the knee. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of hip joint pain. Other causes include inflammatory arthritis, avascular necrosis, fractures, infection, tumor, and congenital defects in the hip joint structure. Hip area pain not related to the joint can be caused by various conditions, including trochanteric bursitis, ischial bursitis, pinched sciatic nerve, sacroiliac joint pain, and hernia. A person needs to see a physician for a physical examination if hip pain causes a limp or significantly interferes with daily activities. Treatments vary depending on the cause of the pain. 1 figure.

Academic Periodicals covering Hip Pain Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to hip pain. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering hip pain that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the

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name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute7: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

7

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

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National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

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Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.8 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

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Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

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Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

8

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 9 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

38

Hip Pain

•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway10 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.11 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 5624 34 946 46 65 6715

HSTAT12 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.13 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.14 Simply search by “hip pain” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

10

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

11

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 12 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 13 14

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

Physician Resources

39

Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists15 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.16 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.17 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

15 Adapted 16

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 17 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

41

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on hip pain can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to hip pain. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to hip pain. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “hip pain”:

42

•

Hip Pain

Other guides Arthritis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/arthritis.html Hip Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html Knee Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html Osteoarthritis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteoarthritis.html Osteonecrosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteonecrosis.html

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The National Guideline Clearinghouse™ The National Guideline Clearinghouse™ offers hundreds of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines published in the United States and other countries. You can search this site located at http://www.guideline.gov/ by using the keyword “hip pain” (or synonyms). The following was recently posted: •

(1) Best practice evidence-based guideline for the appropriate prescribing of hormone replacement therapy. (2) Guideline update: hormone replacement therapy Source: Effective Practice Institute, University of Auckland - Academic Institution; 2001 May (revised information released on 2002 September 30); 185 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3107&nbr=2333&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for acute trauma to the knee Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1998 (revised 2001); 8 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3261&nbr=2487&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

Patient Resources

•

43

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for bone metastases Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1996 September (revised 2000); 27 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2569&nbr=1795&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for chronic hip pain Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1998; 6 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2435&nbr=1661&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for diagnostic imaging of avascular necrosis of the hip Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1995 (revised 1999); 8 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2416&nbr=1642&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for evaluation of the patient with painful hip or knee arthroplasty Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1995 (revised 1999); 4 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2422&nbr=1648&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

ACR Appropriateness recommendations

Criteria

for

hip

arthroplasty--radiography

procedure

Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1998; 2 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2434&nbr=1660&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain •

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for metastatic bone disease Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1995 (revised 1999); 11 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2421&nbr=1647&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for non traumatic knee pain Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1995 (revised 1999); 10 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2425&nbr=1651&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

44

•

Hip Pain

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for stress/insufficiency fractures (excluding vertebral) Source: American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society; 1995 (revised 1999); 8 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2419&nbr=1645&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Acute pain management Source: University of Iowa Gerontological Nursing Interventions Research Center, Research Dissemination Core - Academic Institution; 1997 (revised 1999 April 6); 38 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=1888&nbr=1114&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Adult low back pain Source: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1994 June (revised 2002 Sep); 61 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3498&nbr=2724&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for growth hormone use in adults and children--2003 update Source: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists - Medical Specialty Society; 1998 (revised 2003); 13 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3726&nbr=2952&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Ankle sprain Source: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1997 August (revised 2002 Mar); 24 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3356&nbr=2582&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Clinical practice guideline for the management of postoperative pain Source: Department of Defense - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]; 2001 July (revised 2002 May); Various pagings http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3284&nbr=2510&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

Patient Resources

•

45

Clinical practice guideline for the management of rheumatoid arthritis Source: Advanced Research Techniques in the Health Services - Private For Profit Research Organization; 2001; 170 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3683&nbr=2909&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Deep venous thrombosis Source: Finnish Medical Society Duodecim - Professional Association; 2001 April 30 (revised 2002 Apr 20); Various pagings http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3384&nbr=2610&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Diagnosis and treatment of adult degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the knee Source: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1996 June (revised 2002 May); 42 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3355&nbr=2581&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in children Source: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1995 May (revised 2002 Dec); 28 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3667&nbr=2893&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Disorders of the ankle and foot Source: Work Loss Data Institute - Public For Profit Organization; 2003; 76 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3798&nbr=3024&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Nursing care of the woman receiving regional analgesia/anesthesia in labor Source: Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses - Professional Association; 2001 January; 36 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2928&nbr=2154&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Guidelines for lumbar fusion (arthrodesis) Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries - State/Local Government Agency [U.S.]; 1999 (revised 2001); 6 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3423&nbr=2649&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

46

•

Hip Pain

Hammertoe syndrome Source: Academy of Ambulatory Foot and Ankle Surgery - Medical Specialty Society; 2000 (revised 2003 Sep); 9 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=4242&nbr=3242&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Knee Source: Work Loss Data Institute - Public For Profit Organization; 2003; 46 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3806&nbr=3028&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Management of patients with stroke. Rehabilitation, prevention and management of complications, and discharge planning. A national clinical guideline Source: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network - National Government Agency [Non-U.S.]; 1998 April (revised 2002 Nov); 48 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3538&nbr=2764&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: position statement of The North American Menopause Society Source: The North American Menopause Society - Private Nonprofit Organization; 2002 March; 18 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3179&nbr=2405&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus Source: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1996 March (revised 2002 Sep); 77 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3499&nbr=2725&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Osteoporosis: prevention and treatment Source: University of Michigan Health System - Academic Institution; 2002 March; 12 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3541&nbr=2767&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Pain in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile chronic arthritis Source: American Pain Society - Professional Association; 2002; 179 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3691&nbr=2917&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

Patient Resources

•

47

Prevention and management of hip fracture in older people. A national clinical guideline Source: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network - National Government Agency [Non-U.S.]; 2002 January; 40 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3184&nbr=2410&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury Source: Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1997 February (updated 1999 Sep); 29 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2965&nbr=2191&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update Source: American College of Rheumatology - Medical Specialty Society; 2000 September; 11 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2935&nbr=2161&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Recommendations regarding selected conditions affecting women's health Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]; 2000 March 31 http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2277&nbr=1503&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Role of progestogen in hormone therapy for postmenopausal women: position statement of The North American Menopause Society Source: The North American Menopause Society - Private Nonprofit Organization; 2003 Mar-April; 20 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3736&nbr=2962&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

•

Ultrasonographic examinations: indications and preparation of the patient Source: Finnish Medical Society Duodecim - Professional Association; 2000 April 18 (revised 2001 October 24); Various pagings http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3385&nbr=2611&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain

48

•

Hip Pain

VHA/DOD clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Source: Department of Defense - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]; 1999 August; Various pagings http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2584&nbr=1810&a mp;string=hip+AND+pain The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to hip pain. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to hip pain. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with hip pain. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about hip pain. For more information, see the

Patient Resources

49

NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “hip pain” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “hip pain”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “hip pain” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “hip pain” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

51

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.18

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

18

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

52

Hip Pain

libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)19: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

19

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries 53 •

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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Hip Pain

•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

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Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

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Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

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Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries 55 •

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

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New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

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New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

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New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

57

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on hip pain: •

Basic Guidelines for Hip Pain Hip pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003179.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Hip Pain Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Low back pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003108.htm Muscle Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003193.htm

•

Background Topics for Hip Pain Exercise Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001941.htm

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Necrosis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002266.htm Pain medication Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002123.htm Physical activity Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001941.htm Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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HIP PAIN DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Age Groups: Persons classified by age from birth (infant, newborn) to octogenarians and older (aged, 80 and over). [NIH] Age of Onset: The age or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual. [NIH] Aged, 80 and Over: A person 80 years of age and older. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Analgesics: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anesthesia. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Angioplasty: Endovascular reconstruction of an artery, which may include the removal of atheromatous plaque and/or the endothelial lining as well as simple dilatation. These are procedures performed by catheterization. When reconstruction of an artery is performed surgically, it is called endarterectomy. [NIH] Ankle: That part of the lower limb directly above the foot. [NIH] Anorexia: Lack or loss of appetite for food. Appetite is psychologic, dependent on memory and associations. Anorexia can be brought about by unattractive food, surroundings, or company. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble

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substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arthrography: Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium. [NIH] Arthroplasty: Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion. [NIH] Arthroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint. [NIH] Articular: Of or pertaining to a joint. [EU] Avulsion: The forcible separation, or tearing away, of a part of an organ. [NIH] Back Pain: Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the trunk, including the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, or adjacent regions. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bone metastases: Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. [NIH]

Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Bronchitis: Inflammation (swelling and reddening) of the bronchi. [NIH] Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, occasionally accompanied by a calcific deposit in the underlying supraspinatus tendon; the most common site is the subdeltoid bursa. [EU] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic

Dictionary 61

weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from intubation in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions. [NIH] Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Palsy: Refers to a motor disability caused by a brain dysfunction. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Character: In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chordoma: A type of bone cancer that usually starts in the lower spinal column. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Collective term for chronic bronchitis and emphysema. [NIH] Claudication: Limping or lameness. [EU] Clinical study: A research study in which patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility. Reports of clinical studies can contain results for single patients (case reports) or many patients (case series or clinical trials). [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and

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theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Consciousness: Sense of awareness of self and of the environment. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Controlled clinical trial: A clinical study that includes a comparison (control) group. The comparison group receives a placebo, another treatment, or no treatment at all. [NIH] Contusions: Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Diagnostic Imaging: Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dislocation: The displacement of any part, more especially of a bone. Called also luxation. [EU]

Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Dysplasia: Cells that look abnormal under a microscope but are not cancer. [NIH] Effusion: The escape of fluid into a part or tissue, as an exudation or a transudation. [EU] Emphysema: A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. [NIH] Endarterectomy: Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called atherectomy. [NIH] Endometrial: Having to do with the endometrium (the layer of tissue that lines the uterus).

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[NIH]

Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue more or less perfectly resembling the uterine mucous membrane (the endometrium) and containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity. [NIH] Endometrium: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymes: Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however catalytic RNA and catalytic DNA molecules have also been identified. [NIH] Epidural: The space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. An epidural injection is given into this space. [NIH] Epiphyseal: Pertaining to or of the nature of an epiphysis. [EU] Exogenous: Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. [EU] Extravasation: A discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. [EU] Extremity: A limb; an arm or leg (membrum); sometimes applied specifically to a hand or foot. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Femoral: Pertaining to the femur, or to the thigh. [EU] Femur: The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee. [NIH] Gait: Manner or style of walking. [NIH] Gangrene: Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gas exchange: Primary function of the lungs; transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Glomerular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a glomerulus, especially a renal glomerulus. [EU]

Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Groin: The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. [NIH]

Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH]

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Growth Plate: The area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis within which bone growth occurs. [NIH] Haematoma: A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. [EU] Haemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. [EU] Hematoma: An extravasation of blood localized in an organ, space, or tissue. [NIH] Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hernia: Protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. [NIH]

Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hormone Replacement Therapy: Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency. [NIH] Hormone therapy: Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called endocrine therapy. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU] Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Innervation: 1. The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. [EU] Insulin: A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU]

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Intervertebral: Situated between two contiguous vertebrae. [EU] Intervertebral Disk Displacement: An intervertebral disk in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Ischial: A pointed projection on the posterior margin of the ischium. [NIH] Joint: The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Leukocyte Count: A count of the number of white blood cells per unit volume in venous blood. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Loop: A wire usually of platinum bent at one end into a small loop (usually 4 mm inside diameter) and used in transferring microorganisms. [NIH] Low Back Pain: Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous sprains and strains; intervertebral disk displacement; and other conditions. [NIH] Lumbar: Pertaining to the loins, the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis. [EU] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH]

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Metastatic: Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Mineralization: The action of mineralizing; the state of being mineralized. [EU] Mitochondrial Swelling: Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Musculature: The muscular apparatus of the body, or of any part of it. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Myositis: Inflammation of a voluntary muscle. [EU] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Ossification: The formation of bone or of a bony substance; the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. [EU] Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. [NIH] Osteomalacia: A condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia, and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium. [EU]

Osteonecrosis: Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic. [NIH] Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related (or senile) osteoporosis. [NIH] Osteosclerosis: An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue. [NIH] Otitis: Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain, fever, abnormalities of hearing, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. [EU] Otitis Media: Inflammation of the middle ear. [NIH] Palpation: Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine

Dictionary 67

consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs. [NIH] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Peroneal Nerve: The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot. [NIH] Petechiae: Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Plaque: A clear zone in a bacterial culture grown on an agar plate caused by localized destruction of bacterial cells by a bacteriophage. The concentration of infective virus in a fluid can be estimated by applying the fluid to a culture and counting the number of. [NIH] Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Plexus: A network or tangle; a general term for a network of lymphatic vessels, nerves, or veins. [EU] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postmenopausal: Refers to the time after menopause. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently; also called "change of life." [NIH] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH]

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Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progestogen: A term applied to any substance possessing progestational activity. [EU] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projection: A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, whereby that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is rejected and attributed (projected) to others. [NIH] Prone: Having the front portion of the body downwards. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Putrefaction: The process of decomposition of animal and vegetable matter by living organisms. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radionuclide Imaging: Process whereby a radionuclide is injected or measured (through tissue) from an external source, and a display is obtained from any one of several rectilinear scanner or gamma camera systems. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph. [NIH]

Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Renal failure: Progressive renal insufficiency and uremia, due to irreversible and progressive renal glomerular tubular or interstitial disease. [NIH] Respiratory failure: Inability of the lungs to conduct gas exchange. [NIH] Retroperitoneal: Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Rheumatism: A group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU]

Dictionary 69

Rheumatoid arthritis: A form of arthritis, the cause of which is unknown, although infection, hypersensitivity, hormone imbalance and psychologic stress have been suggested as possible causes. [NIH] Sacroiliac Joint: The immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the sacrum and ilium. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Sciatic Nerve: A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the tibial nerve and the peroneal nerve. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secondary tumor: Cancer that has spread from the organ in which it first appeared to another organ. For example, breast cancer cells may spread (metastasize) to the lungs and cause the growth of a new tumor. When this happens, the disease is called metastatic breast cancer, and the tumor in the lungs is called a secondary tumor. Also called secondary cancer. [NIH] Senile: Relating or belonging to old age; characteristic of old age; resulting from infirmity of old age. [NIH] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU]

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Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spondylitis: Inflammation of the vertebrae. [EU] Sprains and Strains: A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH] Stromal: Large, veil-like cell in the bone marrow. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Synovial: Of pertaining to, or secreting synovia. [EU] Synovial Membrane: The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid. [NIH] Synovitis: Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. Synovitis is qualified as fibrinous, gonorrhoeal, hyperplastic, lipomatous, metritic, puerperal, rheumatic, scarlatinal, syphilitic, tuberculous, urethral, etc. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments. [EU] Thigh: A leg; in anatomy, any elongated process or part of a structure more or less comparable to a leg. [NIH] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thorax: A part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; the chest. [NIH] Thromboembolism: Obstruction of a vessel by a blood clot that has been transported from a distant site by the blood stream. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH]

Dictionary 71

Thrombus: An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. Some authorities thus differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. [EU] Tibial Nerve: The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot. [NIH] Tinnitus: Sounds that are perceived in the absence of any external noise source which may take the form of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Torsion: A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Type 2 diabetes: Usually characterized by a gradual onset with minimal or no symptoms of metabolic disturbance and no requirement for exogenous insulin. The peak age of onset is 50 to 60 years. Obesity and possibly a genetic factor are usually present. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Uremia: The illness associated with the buildup of urea in the blood because the kidneys are not working effectively. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, and mental confusion. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Venous blood: Blood that has given up its oxygen to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide back for gas exchange. [NIH]

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Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a thrombus within a vein. [NIH] Vertebrae: A bony unit of the segmented spinal column. [NIH] Vertebral: Of or pertaining to a vertebra. [EU] Vertigo: An illusion of movement; a sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient (objective vertigo) or as if he himself were revolving in space (subjective vertigo). The term is sometimes erroneously used to mean any form of dizziness. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

73

INDEX A Abdominal, 59, 62, 67, 68 Abscess, 8, 16, 59 Adolescence, 14, 15, 59 Age Groups, 4, 59 Age of Onset, 59, 71 Aged, 80 and Over, 59 Algorithms, 59, 60 Alternative medicine, 30, 59 Analgesics, 24, 59 Anesthesia, 11, 22, 45, 59, 62 Angioplasty, 13, 59 Ankle, 44, 45, 46, 59 Anorexia, 59, 66 Antibody, 59, 64 Antigen, 59, 64 Anti-inflammatory, 3, 60 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 3, 60 Arteries, 60, 62, 66 Arthrography, 9, 13, 18, 60 Arthroplasty, 9, 12, 24, 43, 60 Arthroscopy, 18, 23, 60 Articular, 60, 66 Avulsion, 7, 9, 60 B Back Pain, 57, 60 Base, 9, 60, 62, 65 Bilateral, 7, 9, 60 Bile, 60, 70 Biochemical, 60, 66 Biotechnology, 5, 30, 37, 60 Blood vessel, 60, 61, 64, 69, 70, 71 Bone metastases, 43, 60 Bone scan, 18, 60 Branch, 55, 60, 67, 69, 71 Bronchitis, 60, 61 Bursitis, 3, 4, 6, 21, 31, 60 C Calcium, 60, 66 Carcinogenic, 61, 70 Carcinoma, 9, 61 Cardiac, 61, 66, 70 Case report, 9, 11, 18, 23, 61 Catheterization, 59, 61 Caudal, 61, 67 Cell, 9, 60, 61, 65, 66, 70, 72 Cerebral, 14, 61 Cerebral Palsy, 14, 61

Cerebrum, 61 Character, 61, 62 Cholesterol, 60, 61, 70 Chordoma, 9, 61 Chronic, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 20, 25, 26, 43, 46, 48, 60, 61, 64, 65, 70 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 48, 61 Claudication, 13, 61 Clinical study, 61, 62 Clinical trial, 5, 37, 61 Cloning, 60, 61 Computational Biology, 37, 61 Consciousness, 59, 62 Contraindications, ii, 62 Controlled clinical trial, 18, 62 Contusions, 4, 62 Coronary, 62, 66 Coronary Thrombosis, 62, 66 D Databases, Bibliographic, 37, 62 Degenerative, 4, 8, 45, 62, 66 Density, 62, 66 Diagnostic Imaging, 43, 62 Diagnostic procedure, 30, 62 Diaphragm, 62, 67 Dilatation, 59, 62 Direct, iii, 62, 68 Dislocation, 62, 70 Distal, 62, 68 Dorsal, 62, 67 Dysplasia, 16, 62 E Effusion, 23, 62, 70 Emphysema, 25, 61, 62 Endarterectomy, 59, 62 Endometrial, 62, 63 Endometriosis, 11, 12, 22, 63 Endometrium, 62, 63 Environmental Health, 36, 38, 63 Enzymes, 63, 66 Epidural, 8, 63 Epiphyseal, 4, 63 Exogenous, 63, 71 Extravasation, 63, 64 Extremity, 63, 69 F Family Planning, 37, 63

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Fat, 63, 68, 69 Femoral, 4, 19, 23, 25, 26, 63 Femur, 63 G Gait, 24, 63 Gangrene, 23, 63 Gas, 63, 68, 71 Gas exchange, 63, 68, 71 Gastrin, 63, 64 Gastrointestinal, 25, 63, 70 Gene, 60, 63 Glomerular, 63, 68 Gonadal, 63, 70 Governing Board, 63, 67 Groin, 13, 22, 31, 63 Growth, 4, 44, 59, 63, 64, 69 Growth Plate, 4, 64 H Haematoma, 64 Haemorrhage, 22, 64 Hematoma, 21, 64 Hematuria, 25, 64 Hemorrhage, 62, 64, 68, 70 Hernia, 31, 64 Hormone, 42, 44, 47, 63, 64, 68, 69 Hormone Replacement Therapy, 42, 64 Hormone therapy, 47, 64 Hypersensitivity, 64, 69 I Id, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 56, 64 Indicative, 27, 64, 67, 71 Infant, Newborn, 59, 64 Infarction, 62, 64, 66 Infection, 4, 20, 31, 64, 65, 69, 70, 72 Inflammation, 4, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70 Innervation, 64, 67, 69, 71 Insulin, 64, 71 Interstitial, 64, 68 Intervertebral, 65 Intervertebral Disk Displacement, 65 Intestines, 59, 63, 65 Intracellular, 64, 65 Invasive, 65 Ischial, 31, 65 J Joint, 4, 10, 11, 14, 18, 21, 22, 23, 26, 31, 45, 60, 65, 66, 69, 70 K Kb, 36, 65 L Lesion, 4, 65 Leukocyte Count, 19, 65

Library Services, 54, 65 Ligament, 65, 70 Localized, 59, 64, 65, 67 Loop, 64, 65 Low Back Pain, 44, 65 Lumbar, 11, 45, 60, 65, 69, 71 Lymphatic, 64, 65, 67 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 20, 25, 65 Malignancy, 13, 65 MEDLINE, 37, 65 Membrane, 63, 65, 67, 70 Menopause, 46, 47, 65, 67 Metastasis, 13, 65, 66 Metastatic, 20, 43, 66, 69 MI, 9, 58, 66 Mineralization, 66 Mitochondrial Swelling, 66 Molecular, 37, 39, 60, 62, 66 Musculature, 66, 70 Myocardium, 66 Myositis, 8, 66 N Necrosis, 4, 26, 31, 43, 58, 64, 66 Need, 3, 27, 30, 49, 66 Nerve, 59, 64, 66, 67, 69, 71 Nuclear, 23, 24, 66 Nuclei, 65, 66 O Ossification, 4, 66 Osteoarthritis, 31, 42, 46, 47, 66 Osteomalacia, 15, 66 Osteonecrosis, 17, 42, 66 Osteoporosis, 46, 66 Osteosclerosis, 21, 66 Otitis, 45, 66 Otitis Media, 45, 66 P Palpation, 4, 66 Parietal, 67 Pathologic, 10, 62, 64, 67 Pelvic, 14, 63, 67 Perforation, 25, 67 Peritoneal, 22, 67 Peritoneum, 67, 68 Peroneal Nerve, 67, 69 Petechiae, 64, 67 Pharmacologic, 59, 67, 71 Physical Examination, 4, 31, 67 Physiologic, 62, 67 Plaque, 59, 67 Pleura, 67

Index 75

Pleural, 9, 67 Plexus, 11, 67, 69 Posterior, 3, 60, 62, 65, 67 Postmenopausal, 46, 47, 66, 67 Postoperative, 44, 67 Practice Guidelines, 38, 42, 67 Progesterone, 68, 70 Progestogen, 47, 68 Progressive, 63, 66, 68 Projection, 65, 68 Prone, 4, 68 Protein S, 60, 68 Proximal, 25, 62, 68 Public Policy, 37, 68 Publishing, 5, 68 Purpura, 64, 68 Putrefaction, 63, 68 R Radioactive, 60, 66, 68 Radiography, 43, 68 Radiological, 12, 13, 68 Radiology, 7, 10, 16, 18, 19, 21, 42, 43, 44, 68 Radionuclide Imaging, 24, 68 Refer, 1, 68 Renal failure, 6, 68 Respiratory failure, 6, 68 Retroperitoneal, 16, 22, 68 Rheumatism, 13, 15, 24, 68 Rheumatoid, 26, 45, 46, 68, 69 Rheumatoid arthritis, 26, 45, 46, 69 S Sacroiliac Joint, 31, 69 Saponins, 69, 70 Sciatic Nerve, 31, 67, 69, 71 Screening, 61, 69 Secondary tumor, 65, 69 Senile, 66, 69 Septic, 19, 69 Sex Characteristics, 59, 69 Shock, 69, 71 Skeleton, 63, 65, 69 Small intestine, 64, 65, 69 Soft tissue, 19, 69 Somatic, 59, 69 Specialist, 49, 69 Species, 69, 71 Spinal cord, 47, 61, 63, 69, 70 Spondylitis, 23, 70

Sprains and Strains, 4, 65, 70 Steroid, 7, 69, 70 Stomach, 59, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70 Stress, 4, 19, 24, 44, 69, 70 Stroke, 36, 46, 70 Stromal, 63, 70 Subacute, 64, 70 Subclinical, 64, 70 Substance P, 68, 70 Symphysis, 13, 70 Synovial, 70 Synovial Membrane, 70 Synovitis, 4, 70 Systemic, 64, 70 T Tendinitis, 3, 4, 20, 70 Thigh, 12, 25, 31, 63, 70 Thoracic, 60, 62, 67, 70 Thorax, 65, 70 Thromboembolism, 47, 70 Thrombosis, 68, 70 Thrombus, 62, 64, 71, 72 Tibial Nerve, 69, 71 Tinnitus, 66, 71 Tissue, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71 Torsion, 21, 64, 71 Toxic, iv, 71 Toxicology, 38, 71 Toxins, 60, 64, 71 Transfection, 60, 71 Transplantation, 25, 71 Trauma, 11, 42, 66, 71 Type 2 diabetes, 46, 71 U Unconscious, 64, 71 Uremia, 68, 71 Urine, 64, 71 V Vascular, 64, 71 Vein, 66, 71, 72 Venous, 45, 65, 68, 71, 72 Venous blood, 65, 71 Venous Thrombosis, 45, 72 Vertebrae, 65, 70, 72 Vertebral, 44, 72 Vertigo, 66, 72 Veterinary Medicine, 37, 72 W White blood cell, 59, 65, 72

76

Hip Pain

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