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About Thomson Peterson’s Thomson Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Thomson Peterson’s serves 110 million education consumers annually.
For more information, contact Thomson Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about. © 2005 Thomson Peterson’s, a part of The Thomson Corporation Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Acknowledgments: Head Writer: Drew D. Johnson; Contributing Writers: Maria Hong, Cameron Scott, Teresa Diaz, and Keith Cox. Editor: Wallie Walker-Hammond; Production Editor: Alysha Bullock; Manufacturing Manager: Judy Coleman; Composition Manager: Gary Rozmierski; CD Producer: Carol Aickley; CD Quality Assurance: Jeff Pagano and Viral Modi. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at www.thomsonrights.com Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to
[email protected] ISBN 0-7689-1431-0 Printed in the United States of America 10
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Contents
2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901123456789012345678901 12 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 22 ABOUT THIS TOOL KIT 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Your Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 INTRODUCTION 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 About the Sidebars in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 PART I: UNDERSTANDING THE SAT 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 22 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, It’s the 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 New SAT! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 22 Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Standardized Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 22 PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 WEAKNESSES 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 Chapter 3: The Diagnostic—Test Driving the 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 New SAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Diagnostic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 1 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 22 PART III: REVIEWING THE SECTIONS 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Words You CAN Win . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 1 Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 22 Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Grammar Rules Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said . . . . . . . . 263 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 PART IV: TAKING THREE PRACTICE TESTS 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 Chapter 8: Preface to the Practice Tests . . . . . . . . 370 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 Practice Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890111 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 1 Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 1 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 Chapter 9: A Final Word—Whew!. . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 1 2 2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 v
About This Tool Kit 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your Tools 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Peterson’s Ultimate New SAT Tool Kit provides the complete package you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to score your personal best on the SAT and get into your top-choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 college. Unlike any book previously published, this tool kit contains many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 features that used to be available only to those who purchased expensive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-prep classes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 e-Tutoring 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the CD to go on line to register for one-on-one math help from a live 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expert whenever you need it. Tutoring is offered using an on-line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whiteboard shared by you and the tutor, which allows you to communicate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with one another in real time. However, if you prefer, you can submit your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 math question in writing instead and receive a written answer within 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hours. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The free tutoring offered with this product is limited to 30 minutes, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 although you may purchase more time if you need it. A written response to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a submitted question counts as 20 minutes. The tutoring service is available 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for six months from the date you register on line. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Note: The e-tutoring service offered to purchasers of this 2005 edition will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expire on January 1, 2006. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week for most of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 year. During the summer the service is available from 9 a.m. to 1 a.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eastern Standard Time. Due to low demand, the service is not available 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 during several holiday periods, including Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Labor Day, and Memorial Day. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 vii
About this Tool Kit
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember, to register for this service, you will need the CD that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accompanies this book. You will also need to refer to this book to provide 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the access code when prompted. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The CD that accompanies this book allows you to write 1 practice test essay 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on line and receive a score on it, which approximates your performance on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the essay in the actual SAT. In addition to a score, you will also receive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 constructive feedback on your essay, including tips to improve your score. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With this tool kit, you get scoring for 1 practice test essay. If you wish, for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fee, you may obtain scoring information and feedback for additional 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practice essays you write on line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To register for the essay-scoring service you need the CD that accompanies 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this book. In addition, you will need to refer to this book to provide the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 access code when prompted. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Note: The scoring of the 1 essay is offered free to purchasers of this edition 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and this offer will expire on December 31, 2005. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The CD 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are 2 full-length practice tests for the SAT on the CD-ROM that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accompanies this book. These tests, along with the 3 full-length practice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tests in this book, provide a total of 5 simulated tests you can incorporate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 into your test-prep plan. Since the actual SAT is a paper-and-pencil test, be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure to go through at least one of the tests printed in this book. (The CD 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 version will automatically time your test and compute your score.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Flash Cards 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vocabulary flash cards are bound into the back of this book. Separate these 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the perforations to create a deck of 216 SAT vocabulary flashcards to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 help you expand your vocabulary. While no questions on the SAT will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specifically ask you to provide definitions of any words, building a better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary will improve your performance on the SAT, especially the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Critical Reading and the Writing sections. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 viii 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Introduction 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 About This Book 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Most colleges require applicants to take the SAT, the standardized test that’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 been around for decades. If you haven’t already taken an SAT, you may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have taken the PSAT, which is like the SAT’s cousin. Both tests are primarily 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 timed multiple-choice tests that cover math and English skills. Your SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score is an ingredient colleges add to the mysterious soup known as the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 admissions process. In this respect the SAT is like salt, since almost every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 soup uses salt to some degree or another. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes your SAT score is a big factor in your selection, and sometimes it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 isn’t. There’s no way to tell one way or the other, but all you really need to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know is that a good SAT score helps your chances of getting into a college. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might think it’s unfair that a single standardized test has such an impact 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on your chances of getting accepted, and you’re not alone. Other people 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have questioned why a single exam given one morning could matter as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much as twelve years of schoolwork and grades. The debate about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 merits of the SAT has gone on for decades, but one thing hasn’t changed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT is the only standard measure that colleges can use to compare one 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 potential student to another. Every high school is different, so an A in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebra from Lawrence High School might mean something different than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an A in algebra from Pennington Prep. Even the algebra classes themselves 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might cover different topics, so it’s impossible to say which A student is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better at algebra. But the SAT is a standardized test, which is supposed to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mean that a math score of 590 equals a score of 590 equals a score of 590 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no matter where you come from or when you took the test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is the practical reason that colleges like the SAT. It makes wading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through a mountain of applications much easier. For instance, some public 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 schools will let students enroll if their SAT scores are over a certain number. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes the SAT score is combined with GPA to help decide automatic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 1
Introduction
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enrollment. At very competitive schools, having a high score gets you into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the pile of applications that is examined first. You still might not get in to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that school, but a high score gives you a better chance than a lower score 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would. SAT scores help admissions people slice the mountain of applica123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions into smaller piles, and this makes their tough job a little easier. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What Does SAT Stand For? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT is such a well-known test that most people refer to it by its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 initials. There’s a reason for this. For most of its life the letters S.A.T. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stood for Scholastic Aptitude Test, and people referred to the test by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 name or initials. Since 1993, however, the College Board—the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organization that administers and controls the test—has taken to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 referring to the test only as “the SAT.” The reason for the change lies in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the middle letter “A.” It used to stand for aptitude, but the College 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Board doesn’t want the SAT to be thought of as an aptitude test 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anymore. (Aptitude tests are supposed to test intelligence or a person’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ability to learn.) The College Board doesn’t want to change the name 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of its most famous product, either, so the SAT is still the SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This Isn’t Your Parents’ SAT— It’s Not Even Your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Older Brother’s SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A new version of the SAT debuts in 2005. All the known details of the new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT are covered starting in the next chapter, but here are the main changes: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. A new section, Writing, will be introduced. Writing will be given its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own 200–800 score, so there are now three sections in which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 students will get a 200–800 score. (Mathematics and Critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading are the other two sections.) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. There is an essay, which will be graded by professional readers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since readers will be needed, the cost of the SAT is increasing by 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 roughly ten dollars, give or take a buck. The essay will count as 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 percent of your Writing score. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Analogy questions will no longer be used on the new SAT. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 never learned how to do analogies, you don’t have to start now. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A new version of any test puts all test-takers at a disadvantage. Previous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 versions of a test can often give you a good idea of what to expect. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t have that option with the new SAT. Even so, there’s no need to freak 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out. Just because the new SAT is different doesn’t mean that it’s harder or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that it’s been completely created from scratch. Let’s use the Writing section 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as an example. Even though this section is new to the SAT, the question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Introduction
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 types are not unique by any means. The same type of multiple-choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar questions that will appear on the new SAT can be found in many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other standardized tests. Similar questions appear on the SAT II: Writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test, the Stanford Series of standardized tests, as well as some state exams 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like Texas’s TAKS. Many state exams also require an essay, so for many of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you the idea of a graded essay won’t seem like it came from the moon. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Basic elimination strategies can be found in Chapter 2, while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section-specific strategies (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing) can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 found beginning in Chapter 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT differs from the old one, but in the end it’s just another 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 version of a standardized test. As with all standardized tests, the key to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 success is to know what to expect on the exam so that you can prepare for it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ahead of time. The book you have in your hands, Peterson’s Ultimate New 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT Tool Kit, can help you do just that. Included in this book are general 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test strategies, specific question strategies, and a great deal of the factual 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowledge you will need to get a good score. There are also three sample 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tests with explanations, as well as an early diagnostic that will give you an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea of how you might do if you were to take the new SAT without 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preparing. We can give you the vital information, skills, and strategies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessary to blow the SAT out of the water, “new” test or not. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Peterson’s Approach to the New SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some students only want a decent score on the SAT, while others are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shooting for a great score. This book takes these different goals into 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 account. Throughout each of the main three subject-review chapters, there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are “Take It to the Next Level” sections that cover harder material. People 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bucking for a 7001 on all sections will want to pay attention to these 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tougher problems. Others might want to focus on the basic knowledge and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not worry about hard topics that may or may not even appear on the new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT. The book gives you the flexibility to make this decision for yourself. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This book is divided into three main parts. The first part gives you the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 details of the new SAT, the basic strategies needed to master it, and a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagnostic test to give you an idea of what you need to work on. Chapters 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 2 cover general test-taking strategies and give you a Big Picture idea of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the new SAT. You’ll learn what changes were made and why, and get 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information that will help you approach the test with the right mental 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 framework. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Introduction
Note
Alert!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After learning about the new SAT, you will take a diagnostic test. This exam 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is based on the new SAT, and should give you a rough idea of how you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would fare on the actual exam. You can take the results of your diagnostic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and use them to tailor your approach to the middle chapters of this book. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Chapters 4 through 7—the middle part of the book—cover the Reading, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing, and Mathematics portions of the test, respectively. These chapters 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provide you with the basic facts every test-taker should have. More 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important, they give you a clear picture of the techniques needed to handle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 each question type effectively. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Finally, the last part of the book is devoted to three full-length practice tests 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (with explanations). We suggest you hold off on taking these practice exams 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 until you cover all of the material in the book. The tests will allow you the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chance to try out the techniques and strategies discussed in Chapters 1–2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 By the time you are finished with all three practice tests, you will have a very 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good idea of what taking the new SAT will be like for you. You will also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know what techniques and strategies you’ll need in each section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Combining factual knowledge with a sound strategic approach is the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way to score well on any standardized test, not just the new SAT. This book 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will provide you with the facts and strategies you need to succeed. The first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 step is to learn about the new SAT, covered in the next chapter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 About the Sidebars in This Book 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Throughout this book you’ll encounter four different iconic symbols. (Flip 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through this book, and you’ll see oodles of each one.) Here’s what these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 symbols are and what they mean: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This sidebar warns you about a common blunder or testing trap, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trick, or ploy that might trip you up during the test if you’re not 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 careful. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This sidebar signals information that, although isn’t a “need-to9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know” fact, you might find interesting and that rounds out your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowledge of the topic at hand. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
4
www.petersons.com
Introduction
X-Ref
Tip
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PART
I
Understanding the SAT Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, It’s the New SAT! 8 Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests 14
PART I
Chapter
1 Straight from Jersey, It’s the New SAT! 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whenever SAT scores are released, the following scene happens somewhere 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in America: A student with average grades gets a high score, while a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straight-A student does not do as well as she wanted. Usually the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 student is described as a “good test-taker,” while the straight-A student 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either had a “bad test day” or “didn’t test well.” What are the differences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between these two test-takers? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes the only thing that separates a good test-taker from a poor one is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a feeling of confidence. Good test-takers feel confident about their chances, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even if they have no reason to feel that way. Poor test-takers are often 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nervous and anxious. There’s a lot of pressure surrounding the SAT, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 feeling that pressure during the test can cause you to rush problems and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make careless mistakes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So how do you gain confidence and reduce anxiety? For starters, you should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 learn everything you can about the format of the new SAT. The more you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know what to expect, the less mysterious the test will be. Once you learn all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about the test, you’ll realize that the SAT is not really that different from 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other standardized tests you have taken. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Format of the New SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Total Time: about 3 hours and 45 minutes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Scoring: There will be three scores from 200–800 in the areas of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mathematics, Critical Reading, and Writing. The Writing score will factor 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in your essay score, which is graded on a scale of 0 (low) to 6 (high). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 8
Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, It’s the New SAT!
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sections 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mathematics has three sections—two 25-minute sections and one 209 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 minute section. Typically, the 25-minute sections contain five-choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple-choice questions, while the 20-minute section requires student9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 produced responses. The questions in the Mathematics sections are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 short-answer and fill-in-the-blank type problems. Calculators are allowed, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as long as they are not the super-brainy calculators that can surf the ‘Net 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and do your laundry for you. Four-function, graphing, and scientific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculators are the ones to use. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Critical Reading also has three sections. Two sections are 25 minutes long, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the other one is 20 minutes. All sections consist of five-choice multiple123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice questions. Analogies have been eliminated from the new test, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence Completion problems will still make an appearance. Reading Com9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prehension passages on the SAT are still long (500–800 words), but the new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT will have shorter passages as well. These “paragraph-length” passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will be around 100 words. Whatever the length, it’s still about reading a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 passage and then answering questions about it. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Writing portion of the SAT is the big new wrinkle. The total time for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this section is 50 minutes, probably divided into two 25-minute sections. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One section uses multiple-choice questions to test your grammar skills. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are three different types of multiple-choice grammar questions, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you will learn more about each type starting on page 14. The other section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contains an essay prompt. This prompt will ask a very broad question like, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “What is the importance of education?” in order to give you a lot of leeway 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to decide what to write. Your essay score is factored into your overall 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 200–800 score in a way that has not yet been revealed by ETS. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These are the facts about the new SAT at the time this book was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 printed. Any new updates about the test format can be found at 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Peterson’s Web site at: www.petersons.com/testprep. This site will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 keep track of any changes that might give you more information about 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the new format. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Understanding the basic format of the test should reduce some anxiety. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Many kids show up to take the SAT knowing only that it’s a timed test that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can mess up their chances of getting into college. As you might expect, these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kids are pretty nervous about the exam and likely to make careless errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 once it starts. You can avoid this pitfall by memorizing the test format you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 just read. Sure, the SAT is still important, but at least you know what to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expect in each section and for the whole test in general. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part I: Understanding the SAT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Mysterious Section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT should take: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 70 minutes Math 1 70 minutes Critical Reading 1 60 minutes Writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 200 minutes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This works out to three hours, 20 minutes. But earlier, we stated that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 total testing time is about three hours, 45 minutes. There’s a difference of 35 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 minutes that’s unexplained. Before you dash off to the computer and check 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out some Web conspiracy sites, you should know that the eight SAT sections 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 described in the chart are the eight sections that will count towards your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score. There will be a Section 9, though, containing only “sample or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 experimental” questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In one sense, this “sample” section helps ensure some fairness in future 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SATs. In another sense, it is a waste of time that uses you as a guinea pig. It 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all depends on your point of view. Educational Testing Service—the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 company that writes the SAT questions—uses the sample section to “test” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions for future SATs. The results help ETS to identify and discard 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions that are bad and determine which questions are easy, medium, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard. So the sample section does help ensure equanimity between tests from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 year to year, decreasing the chance that one SAT will be much harder than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 another. That levels the playing field from one SAT to the next. And, that’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a good thing. The sample section also means that you will have to answer a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bunch of questions that will have no impact on your score. There’s no way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to tell which section is the sample section, so you have to approach them all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as if they count. For example, if you have four math sections, then you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know that one of them is the sample section, since only three count toward 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your score. But which one? You could guess, but it would be a foolish 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 maneuver on your part. You need to tackle every section as if the questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are real. In the back of your mind, though, you know that one of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sections will not count toward your score. Having to expend mental energy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on problems that do not count is a bad thing, for you at least. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Knowing that there is a sample section won’t translate directly into a higher 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score, but it does help you understand the SAT testing process better. Place 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this in your rapidly growing “Knowledge is Power” file on the SAT along 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with everything else. Whenever you start to feel anxious about the test, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 review the facts in this file until you calm down and realize that the new SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is just another test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 10 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, It’s the New SAT!
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sample section could be in Math, Critical Reading, or Writing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes different standardized tests will have different sample 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sections, so the person next to you might get a sample Math section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 while you’re stuck with a sample Writing section. This allows ETS to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test a greater number of sample questions. Both of you get the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eight sections that count, of course. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 At this point, you should have a good idea about how the SAT has changed. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It will also help your cause if you understand why the SAT has changed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are a host of reasons why the SAT changed formats, and some of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them have a direct impact on how the new SAT will look. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some Reasons the SAT Changed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT Has Always Changed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Like fashion, the field of education has trends and fads. Some educational 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas get hot while others get pushed to the back of the closet next to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parachute pants. Classrooms today are very different from the high school 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 classrooms of America in the 1920s, when the SAT first was introduced. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT kept the exact same form every year, it would run the risk of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 becoming outdated and irrelevant in about a decade. So the test is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 constantly being tweaked or modified to remain topical. The next big 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change might be to a computerized SAT, since this is already being done 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with other standardized tests. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The New SAT Is More about Mastery of Subject Skills than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Aptitude 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The changes to the SAT might allow it to become more than just a college 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 admissions test. Theoretically, some time in the future the new SAT could be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used to see how well students have mastered a basic curriculum of math and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 English. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As it now stands, many states require high school students to take a state 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 standardized test in order to graduate. These exams—such as the MCAS in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Massachusetts, TAKS in Texas, and FCAT in Florida—are designed to see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how well students have mastered their state’s learning objectives. The new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT is going to be like these tests, since it will try to accurately gauge how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 well students meet some basic learning standards. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So the new SAT is poised to be more of an achievement test than an aptitude 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test. To illustrate this key difference, imagine a high school biology 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 textbook. A biology aptitude test would ask questions to see how well a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 11 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part I: Understanding the SAT
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 student could learn biology. In theory, Jill Student would not have to know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 biology beforehand. The question would be designed to see how well she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could learn biology. The aptitude test is like an intelligence test. In contrast, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a biology achievement test would test the material in the textbook. Students 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 who had read the material would likely do well on this test, while students 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 who did not know biology would probably score poorly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aptitude—1. an inherent ability to learn; a talent. 2. quickness in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 learning or understanding. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All of this doesn’t mean that the new SAT is going to be a radical departure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the previous version. At the end of the day, the new and old SATs are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both standardized tests of basic math and English. Fundamentally, the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tests will be similar, and there’s a good reason for this. A balance between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the old and new versions is necessary so that older SAT scores can still be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compared to the new scores. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT is going to be more of an achievement test, and it’s true that it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will have some different questions and sections, but it’s still primarily a test 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of high school math and English. That won’t change, regardless of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 introduction of “paragraph-length” reading passages. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The proposed shift from aptitude to achievement does a good job of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explaining why the test has changed the way it has. A writing portion can 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 now be added because grammar is an important subject you should have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 learned. You can’t have a grammar aptitude test, since grammar is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intuitive. But you can have a grammar achievement test that tracks how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 well students know their grammar rules. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Analogy questions were a standard aptitude question, so they’re gone. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence Completion problems are a form of vocabulary question, so they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remain to test your achievement level in vocabulary. New SAT reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages might contain questions that ask you about metaphors or similes. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These are basic literary terms that most high school English students are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 required to know. The same holds true for the Math section. Instead of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions designed to see if you could master algebra, you’ll be given 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straight algebra problems like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 12 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, It’s the New SAT!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 =144, what is the value of x? If, x 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 12 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 36 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 144 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 1728 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There’s not a lot of aptitude here. What’s needed is a firm knowledge of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how to manipulate variables, radicals, and exponents. These skills are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 achieved in a high school algebra class. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The transformation from an aptitude test to an achievement test obviously 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 affects the way you should prepare for the new SAT. This book provides you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with three entire practice tests. The CD that accompanies it will provide you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with two additional practice tests. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should have a pretty good idea of what the new SAT is about by now. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the framework for understanding the new SAT is in place, the next 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 step is to learn some general strategies to help you on the test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 13 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Chapter
2 Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Think of the general test-taking strategies in this chapter as the hammer, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 screwdriver, and pliers of test preparation. They are the basic tools that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 every good test-taker should carry in his or her test-prep utility belt. More 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific tools are needed for certain jobs, but you always need the essential 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 items at some point. Like a good carpenter, a good test-taker comes up with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clever ways to use these tools in order to complete a task well. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pacing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are three major ways in which the new SAT can cause anxiety: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The mysterious, unknown factor of the exam. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The fact that the test effects your college admissions hopes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The timed nature of the test, which means that as you answer each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem TIME IS RUNNING OUT! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s look at the points above. Hopefully, the last chapter has addressed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number 1 and helped reduce your anxiety about the test. There’s nothing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can do about number 2, so there’s no point in worrying about it. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaves number 3. This problem can be solved by pacing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are circumstances under which extended test-taking time might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be granted. These usually have to do with special conditions regarding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the test-taker. In order to be eligible to take a test with extended time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 periods, a number of conditions must be met. If you feel you might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 qualify for one of these exams, visit the College Board Web site at: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 http://www.collegeboard.com/disable/students/html/indx000.html. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 14
Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pacing is the deceptively simple idea that you should give yourself an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adequate amount of time to attempt every question. It sounds easy, but in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practice good pacing is harder to accomplish than you might think. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem is that most people are stuck with the idea that they must answer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 every question. To achieve this, they rush through the early questions in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 order to have more time to answer the harder questions at the end. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are many pitfalls with this plan. First, rushing through the easy and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 medium problems often leads to careless errors. You don’t get extra credit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the harder questions, so if you miss the first question and get the last 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question right, you’ve done yourself little good. You would get the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score as someone who got the first (easy) question right and missed the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 really tough problem at the end. Second, the hard problems are hard for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reason. You could stare at some of them for three hours and still not come 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up with the right answer. This is especially true with some achievement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tests. If the question is testing you on negative exponents, and you don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know how to handle negative exponents, then it’s unlikely you’ll solve this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem in the regular manner. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might be wondering what constitutes an easy, medium, or hard test 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. A lot of this depends on you, since everyone has strengths and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weaknesses. If you find a question tough, then it’s a tough question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Previous SATs have had questions that progress in order from easiest to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hardest. The first third are easy, the middle third are medium, and the final 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 third are the toughest problems. This may still be the case on the new SAT, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but it doesn’t apply neatly to every section. The Math sections are the best 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fit, and you can expect a nice progression from easy to hard. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple-choice Writing section might be different, since there are three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distinct question types. Each group of similar questions might go from easy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to hard, although at this point there’s no definitive word from ETS or the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 College Board about this. The situation is a little different in the Critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading section as well. The questions don’t vary in difficulty, but the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages do. There will be some passages that are tougher or longer than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 others. For the Critical Reading sections, it’s a good idea to flip through a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section at the beginning and glance at each of the passages. You might want 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to start with the passage that’s closest to your interests. You can also start 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the passage that has the most questions attached to it. Whatever you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do, don’t believe that you must start with Question 1 and answer every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question in order. The bottom line is: Whether or not a question is tough 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 often boils down to your personal opinion. You should take charge and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer the questions in a way that works best for you. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 15 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part I: Understanding the SAT
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A standard pacing technique is the “two-pass” method where you go 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through a section twice. On the first pass, the goal is to answer all the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions that do not pose too much difficulty. On the first pass, you want 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to spend at least 20 seconds on every question, since you don’t want to cut 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corners and answer something too quickly. However, you don’t want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spend too long on any problem, either, since there might be simpler 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems after it. Therefore, spend a minute on a problem, and if you can’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrangle an answer in that time, mark it for later and move on. You want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look for easier problems before spending more time on difficult ones. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you might expect, pacing is impossible if you can’t tell the time. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best plan is to use a small, non-beepy digital clock, since there’s no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guarantee that there will be a clock in plain view when you take the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 real exam. Make sure, though, that you check the list of approved 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 timers from The College Board. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second pass is where you go back and tackle the harder problems that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were giving you grief. You can take extra time on the second pass. Again, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 though, there’s no point in spending ten minutes on a single question. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stare at a problem for two minutes and still cannot get anywhere, take a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 qualified guess and move on. Sometimes the extra time on the second pass 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will help you solve the problem, but sometimes it won’t. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ideally, you will finish your second pass with about three minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remaining. This will give you time to go over the section and check your 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers. Use the opportunity to make sure you didn’t fill in the wrong oval 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 somewhere or make some other simple mistake. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That explains pacing. Many of you probably do it a bit naturally. On every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practice section you take in this book, work on refining your pacing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 approach. Use the two-pass system and see how many easy questions you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer after you leap over that first hard problem. Students who are good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pacers give themselves the best chance to answer the greatest number of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now, suppose you come to a problem on the second pass and still can’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 figure it out. You don’t want to spend any more time on it, but you don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to leave it blank either. What should you do? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 16 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Process of Elimination 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using the process of elimination (POE) is probably not a new concept to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you. The idea is that you can eliminate some answer choices that you know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are wrong and then take a guess from the remaining choices. You might not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guess correctly on every problem, but you do increase your chances on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scoring higher over the course of the whole test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a guessing penalty for incorrect answers. This often discour9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ages students from being aggressive with their guessing. The guessing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 penalty does negate points if you are simply taking a one-in-five stab at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a question. But if you can eliminate even a single answer choice and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then guess, the law of averages should translate into more points over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the course of the whole test. So if you can eliminate even a single answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice, you should take a guess on that problem. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Even though people understand POE, that doesn’t mean they actually use it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the test. Once the pressure gets cranked up, POE is one of the first things 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be jettisoned. Part of the problem lies in the “one question-one solution” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea that is fixed in people’s minds. Before jumping into an SAT example of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 POE, let’s first talk about multiple-choice tests and the mistake behind the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “one question-one solution” concept. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Suppose your history teacher stood in front of the class and asked, “Who 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 won the naval Battle of Tsushima in 1905? Write your answer down on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sheet of paper.” There’s only one answer to this question, and you must 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 search through your brain to come up with it. Either you have the right fact 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in your head, or you don’t. This is a typical one question-one solution 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem, and it’s what you often experience in school. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yet six out of eight sections of the SAT consist of multiple-choice problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With a multiple-choice test, the correct answer is given to you for every 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. It’s already there, every time. The only problem is that it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surrounded by four incorrect answer choices. Still, since all the answers are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there in front of you, you have ways of getting the correct answer other than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simply pulling the right fact from your head. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Who won the naval Battle of Tsushima in 1905? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) The United States 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Japan 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Russia 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Mongolia 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) China 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 17 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part I: Understanding the SAT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It would be great if you could pull the right fact out of your head, but it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not the end of the world if you can’t. Many students mistakenly get 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discouraged at this point, believing that there is only one way to answer it. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you get nothing else from this section, you should walk away with the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowledge that there is always more than one way to tackle an SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you can’t pull the correct fact out of your head, try some POE. The United 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 States wasn’t at war in 1905, so it’s unlikely that (A) is the answer. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might not know much about the history of the other four countries, but you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probably know some U.S. history, and a naval battle during a time when our 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nation was at peace would stick out a bit. Choice (A) can be crossed out. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Take a guess at this point, or look over the other choices and search for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 faults. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you know geography, you’ll realize that Mongolia is a landlocked nation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It’s doubtful a landlocked country would have a navy, isn’t it? Choice (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can be crossed out. It’s down to three choices. At this point, you can go a bit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 further and say that the word “Tsushima” does not sound very Russian, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can eliminate (C). That leaves two remaining choices, (B) and (E), both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of which are pretty good. Take a qualified guess and move on. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Say you had it down to two choices and picked (B). The person next to you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was named Bill, so he picked (B) because it’s the first letter of his name. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 girl next to Bill actually knew that the Japanese defeated the Russians at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Battle of Tsushima, so she picked (B) also. All three of you got the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer, but you took different paths to get there. However, the path you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take doesn’t matter on a multiple-choice test. All that matters is marking in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the correct oval, and POE can help you do that. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s an SAT math question from earlier. The number 24 has been placed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in front of it, but otherwise the question is the same. The question number is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important, since it shows that this is one of the later, and, theoretically, more 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficult questions in a section. On a tougher question, finding the correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer will NOT be as easy as simply looking at the numbers in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question and picking an answer choice that has the same number. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 24. If x 5 144, what is the value of x? = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 36 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 144 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 1728 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 18 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests
Alert!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s look at the answer choices. Choice (D) is out, since it just takes the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number 144 from the question itself and places it in the answer choice. Also, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 if you multiply 3 144 you get 36, choice (C). But the whole problem is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 filled with exponents and square roots, so the answer will not be found by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simply multiplying the two numbers you do have together. Choice (C) can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be eliminated. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To earn your new SAT merit badge, you must understand why choice 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) is there. It has been placed there as a trap for students looking for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a quick answer. On easy questions, many times the correct answer can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be found very simply. But on a hard question, the opposite is true. Any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers that appear in the question itself are very likely to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrect. If you have to guess, cross these choices out and then pick 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the ones remaining. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Many of you might stop and take a guess right here, which would be fine. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Others might pull out their calculators and figure out what the square root 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of 144 ( 144) is. It works out to 144 5 12, which is answer (B). You = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could pick (B) if you’re willing to forget that freaky exponent above the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variable x. Keep in mind that mathematicians aren’t allowed to forget 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things they don’t like, which means that (B) is probably not the right answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either. Take a guess from the two remaining choices. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is just one way you can use POE on a math problem. There are other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 POE techniques for the Math, Reading, and Grammar sections, and they’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be discussed throughout the book. For now, just be sure to move away from 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the one-problem one-solution mindset. Keeping this rigid idea around does 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no good. Instead, if you find yourself unsure of how to proceed on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question, snap down to the answer choices. Your goal is to separate the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct answer from the four impostors, so if you can eliminate any choices, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you are on the right path. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using POE in the Reading section is often about looking for the bland while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminating the spicy. In general, correct answers are: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Vaguely positive and upbeat 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Vaguely worded 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A nice paraphrase of what was written in the passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 19 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part I: Understanding the SAT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT is taken by bazillions of students each year, and the College Board 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can’t afford to be controversial or edgy in any way. So the reading passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are on safe, noncontroversial topics, and the answers are similarly bland 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and noncontroversial. With this in mind, in many instances you can look 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 over the answer choices and eliminate any that are too negative or strongly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 worded. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The experiment described in the third paragraph helps the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prove that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) the scientists are unwilling to accept new ideas. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) mainstream opinion had little effect on people’s feelings 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) educators were not interested in the subject. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) the old popular belief actually had some basis in fact. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) the new theory was wholly original. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It doesn’t matter that you have no idea what the “experiment” is. All you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to do is peruse the answer choices and get rid of the answers that are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative, radical, or controversial. Take choice (A). This statement is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 very pro-education, is it? It claims that scientists, people devoted to learning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new truths, are unwilling to accept new ideas. This radical, anti-education 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stance is not going to be the right answer on a national standardized test like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT. You can cross it out. Choice (C) can be crossed out for the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anti-educational stance. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (E) and (D) provide a good contrast, and they show the difference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between a likely answer and an unlikely one. Choice (E) uses strong 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wording, claiming the theory was “wholly original.” That means if only one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tiny, tiny part of the theory was NOT original, then answer choice (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would be incorrect. Since it would be hard to prove that every single facet of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the theory was wholly original, choice (E) can be eliminated for being too 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extreme. In contrast, choice (D) uses the phrase “some basis in fact.” It 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t say it was totally, completely based in fact. Saying this would make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it hard to prove. However, saying only that it has some basis in fact makes it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much easier to prove. It means that if you can find a single thing that has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basis in fact, you have some basis in fact. This means choice (D) is a nice, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vaguely worded answer that doesn’t say anything too radical or controver9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sial. If you had to choose between (B) and (D), choice (D) would be your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best guess. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using POE on the Math and Reading portions of the SAT is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straightforward process. You will find and can eliminate extreme answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices on the SAT Reading, and answers that consist of numbers exactly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like those in the question in the SAT Math section. Using POE in the Writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 20 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section is not quite so helpful for two main reasons. One is that half of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing section is an essay, and there’s no way to use the process of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elimination on an essay. The second problem deals with the fact that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing portion of the test is very new. This makes it impossible to spot any 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 common incorrect choices that appear time and time again. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yet although POE is not as helpful on the Writing section, it still can be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used. Many incorrect choices in the multiple-choice portion of the SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing section are based on the idea that “grammar is hard, so the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard-looking answer must be correct.” Very few Americans—and this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 includes some English teachers—truly believe that they are good at taming 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the seven-headed monster known as English Grammar. These individuals 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might fall for the very, very complicated answer simply because they believe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar is difficult and complicated. However, extremely complicated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers are often incorrect and should be eliminated using POE. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember, most of us are better at grammar than we think, and we use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right word even when we can’t explain exactly why that word is right. So if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you don’t know the exact answer to a grammar problem you should always 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trust your ear, and it will guide to the right answer more often than not. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We were hoping to catch the opening act of the concert, but car 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 troubles cause us to be 30 minutes late to the show. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) cause us to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) are causing us to have been 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) caused us to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) will be causing us to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) are having to cause us to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is one of the new SAT question types known officially as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “improving sentences.” You are given a sentence with an underlined 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 portion that may or may not contain a grammatical error. If you think 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there’s no error, you pick choice (A), which is an exact copy of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 original underlined phrase. If you think there is an error, your goal is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose the answer that corrects the grammatical mistake. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 This sentence probably doesn’t sound right to you, so trust your ear and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate choice (A). Choices (B), (D), and (E) are all filled with many small 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words and they sound impressive, or at least complicated. But none of them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are the right answer. The tense of the verb cause is incorrect, since cause is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 present tense and the troubles happened in the past. All you need to fix the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence is the past tense, caused, which is choice (C). The other choices 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 21 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part I: Understanding the SAT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 create complicated verb tenses by using have, having, will, and -ing, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar isn’t always that complicated and wordy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Therefore, if you find yourself struggling on a tough grammar problem, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cross out one or two of the most complicated answer choices, and then take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your best guess. With POE, you won’t always get the right answer, but over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the course of the whole SAT you will increase your chances of scoring 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 higher. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now that we’ve reviewed some of the most basic test-taking strategies and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considered how they apply to the three main sections of the new SAT, you’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ready to take the diagnostic test in Chapter 3. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 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Part
II Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses Chapter 3: The Diagnostic—Test Driving the New SAT 24
PART II
Chapter
3 The Diagnostic— Test Driving the New SAT 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 At this point, you should have a good general idea about what the new SAT is like. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should know the basic format of the test and understand the idea behind 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pacing and process of elimination. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Before diving into the subject-review sections, in chapters 4–7, it’s a good idea to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take a sample SAT at this point. There are four reasons for this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. You’ll get a rough idea of how you might do if you were to take the real 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new SAT without studying anything. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. You can determine your SAT strengths and weaknesses. There will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some sections you ace, and others you have a lot of trouble with. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowledge can be used to fine-tune your study plans. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. No matter how you do on the diagnostic, it doesn’t count. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Really, it doesn’t count. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Points 3 and 4 are there for a reason. Some people take a practice test, don’t do as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 well as they had hoped, and then freak out. It’s just a practice test, nothing more. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The diagnostic is like a photographic snapshot, giving you an idea about your 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relative SAT strengths and weaknesses at this one moment in time. You can then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use this information to help guide your studying. Simply put, you want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine your weak points, and then focus on shoring up your knowledge in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these areas. Improving your weaker points will translate to a higher score on the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 real test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 24
Chapter 3: The Diagnostic—Test Driving the New SAT
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Where Did We Get This New SAT? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We made this practice test up, but that doesn’t mean we just took a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wild guess. The College Board has released some morsels of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information about the new SAT, and every morsel was used to create a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test that closely resembles the real SAT in as many ways as possible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Information about the relevant SAT II tests was also included in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 creation of this diagnostic, along with decades of experience in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-preparation field. The result is a diagnostic exam that will give you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a very good—but not perfect—idea of what it will be like to take the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Quiet on the Set 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should try to take this diagnostic under actual SAT conditions. It would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be nice to get up during a section and chat with your friends on the phone, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but you don’t get to do that on the real test. Ideally, you will block out three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hours of time on a weekend morning in a place where you won’t be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bothered or interrupted. Then you can take the exam exactly as you will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take the real SAT. This sounds like torture, but you will be amazed at how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much this can help prepare you for the real test. Most students aren’t used 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to getting up early on a Saturday morning and taking a long test, so getting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some practice at doing this really does a great deal of good. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, while taking the whole test on a Saturday is ideal, many people 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have such busy lives that this is impossible. You might not be able to take 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the whole SAT in one shot, but you should still try to take each section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 under timed conditions. This will give you an accurate idea of the time you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to answer the questions in each section. Timing yourself on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagnostic gives you a chance to work on your pacing, so remember to use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the two-pass system for every section. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you finish the entire diagnostic, turn to page 72 and check 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your answers. Use the results to formulate a study plan that best suits 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you. Here are some of the kinds of questions you can ask about each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 25 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Questions to Ask Yourself about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your Critical Reading Diagnostic Score 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. How did I do on the Sentence Completions problems? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a. Did I do better or worse on the two-blank problems? If you did worse 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the two-blank problems, you might be looking at both blanks at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same time. Looking over the techniques described starting on page 87 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will help you correct this approach. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. How did I do on the Reading passages questions? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a. Did I do better or worse on the longer passages? Suppose you answered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many of the paragraph-length questions right, but missed questions on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the longer passages. This could mean that you are skimming through the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 longer passages too quickly and not spending enough time on these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems. To correct this, you would want to spend more time on these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages. This might mean you skip reading one passage and just guess 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on those questions, but overall it will help you answer more problems 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b. Which passage did I enjoy reading the most? How well did I answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those questions? Most people pay more attention to subjects they like, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so they end up answering questions about it correctly. If this is the case 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with you, make it a point to go through every subsequent Reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section and start with the passages you like the most. Of course, there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might not be any passages that you like, but there should be some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subjects that you hate less than others. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. How many questions did I answer on the first pass? How many of these did 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I get correct? If you missed a lot of questions you thought you answered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly, your problem is one of speed. You are probably going too fast and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 picking wrong answers that look great but are actually traps meant to snare 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people in a rush. Slow down, take the time to do the work needed (like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looking back in the passage for the right answer), and don’t worry so much 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about speed. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. How much time did I have for the second pass? Did I have enough time to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 review the section? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. How often did I use POE when forced to make an educated guess? If the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is “never,” you should go back and look at the problems you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 missed. Think about the answer choices and decide if there were any you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could have eliminated for being too extreme. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Was I better at Sentence Completions or the Reading questions? You can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look at being “better” as either having more correct answers or a greater 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 percentage of correct answers. There might not be a big difference between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the two question types. If there is a big difference, spend some extra time on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the question type you had trouble with. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 26 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 3: The Diagnostic: Test Driving the New SAT
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should ask similar questions for the other two sections. For Math, look 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at where your mistakes occurred. Were your mistakes in the easy, medium, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or hard section? If you have more than two wrong answers in the easy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section, you need to look over those problems. It is likely that you are going 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 too fast or not doing enough work on these problems. Remember that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best way to improve your math score is to eliminate mistakes on the easy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and medium problems, not get more hard questions correct. Your score will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 increase if you make no errors on the easy problems, get most of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 medium problems correct, and then attack the hard questions with some 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tough work and a sprinkling of educated guesses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For Math, you can also look to see if there is any particular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject—like geometry or algebra—that you are having trouble with. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes this is not easy to determine, since there are few SAT 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions that draw on concepts from only one math area. Solving 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most questions requires knowledge of several subjects. Even so, over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three Math sections you should be able to look at the problems you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 missed and spot a pattern if there is one. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Writing section is the hardest one to diagnose. You can always take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your essay and ask someone to review it for you. This person could be a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 teacher, a fellow student, or a parent. Just ask nicely and understand that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 any criticism you receive will help you to write a better essay for the real 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT. The multiple-choice Writing section is only approximately 25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, so it won’t be as easy to determine if there’s a pattern to your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mistakes. Look over this section in two ways. First, the section has three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different question types, so look to see how well you did with each question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 type. Is there a question type you are strongest at, or one that you have the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most trouble with? Modify your study plans accordingly. Second, look over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your incorrect answers and see if there’s a connection. For example, do all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your mistakes concern pronouns, or do you have trouble with verbs? Again, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this information can help you modify your study plans to shore up any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weak areas. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you’re ready to take the test: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Grab some scratch paper and some Number 2 pencils. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Unplug/turn off the phone. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Get out your timer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Start the Diagnostic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 27 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Answer Sheets
1
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
11
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
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A O
B D E C O O O O
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A O
B D E C O O O O
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A O
B D E C O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
18
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
14
A B D E C O O O O O
19
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
15
A B D E C O O O O O
20
A B D E C O O O O O
1
A B D E C O O O O O
7
A B D E C O O O O O
12
A B D E C O O O O O
17
A B D E C O O O O O
SECTION
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8
A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
2
3
A O
E O
9
A O
E O
14
A O
E O
19
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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11
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
6
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
9
A B D E C O O O O O
17
A B D E C O O O O O
24
A B D E C O O O O O
2
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
25
A B D E C O O O O O
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A O
E O
11
A O
E O
19
A O
E O
26
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
12
A B D E C O O O O O
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27
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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21
A B D E C O O O O O
28
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
14
A B D E C O O O O O
22
A B D E C O O O O O
29
A B D E C O O O O O
7
A O
E O
15
A O
23
A O
E O
30
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
1
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
15
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22
A B D E C O O O O O
2
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16
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3
A B D E C O O O O O
10
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17
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24
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A O
B D E C O O O O
11
A O
B D E C O O O O
18
A O
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25
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
12
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
7
A B D E C O O O O O
14
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A B D E C O O O O O
1
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7
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17
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8
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5
3
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E O
9
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6
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Answer Sheets
SECTION
1
A B D E C O O O O O
5
A B D E C O O O O O
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For Questions 1–13: Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored. You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.
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Diagnostic
Test Section 1 20 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 outside knowledge to answer the questions—all the material you will need will be in the passage 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 1. The passage makes clear that writers other 1–2 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12passage. than Homer describe Achilles’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) childhood as different than Homer’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 Iliad, one of the great works of the ancient 12The 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1Greek description. poet Homer, relates the story of Achilles. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12As (B) closest friend as not being Patroclus. Homer tells it, Achilles was the son of 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) succession to the Myrmidonian 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Peleus, king of the Myrmidons of Phthia in 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 throne as going unchallenged. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Thessaly. His paternal grandfather Aeacus was, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) primary instructors as his mother 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1according to the legend recounted in the Iliad, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and father and not Phoenix and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1the son of Zeus himself. The story of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Chiron. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12childhood of Achilles in Homer differs from 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) childhood in more detail than does 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1that given by later writers. According to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Homer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1Homer, Achilles was brought up by his mother 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12in Phthia with his cousin and intimate friend 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. According to the passage, Peleus’s father was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Patroclus. Achilles learned the arts of war and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (A) Phthia 12eloquence from Phoenix, while Chiron (a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Patroclus 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Centaur) taught him music and medicine. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Aeacus 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Chiron 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Zeus 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 30
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Questions 5–10 are based on the following “The Address” is an English parliamentary 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passage. term for the reply to the speech of the sovereign 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 at the opening of a new parliament or session. In this passage the author, a historian, argues 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 There are certain formalities that distinguish that the construction of Egypt’s pyramids is 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 this stage of parliamentary proceedings. The 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 readily explainable. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 speech of the sovereign, or the “king’s speech,” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 Line Even though thousands of years have 12 itself is divided into three sections. The first, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passed since their construction, the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 addressed to “My Lords,” touches on foreign 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pyramids of Egypt’s Nile basin still evoke 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 affairs. The second, to the “Gentlemen of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 awe and wonder at their magnitude and 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 House of Commons,” discusses financial issues 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 majesty. The pyramids prove that the (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 related to the Treasury. The third, to “My 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Egyptians of that early day had attained 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Lords and Gentlemen,” outlines the proposed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 a knowledge of practical mechanics 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 legislation for the session. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 which, even from the twentieth-century 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 point of view, is not to be spoken of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. According to the passage, “The Address” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lightly. It is amazing to think that until (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 is the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the introduction of skyscrapers in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 twentieth century, these ancient pyramids (A) sovereign speaking to the Parliament 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ranked as some of the tallest manmade (B) House of Lords addressing the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 structures ever built. House of Commons 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 It has sometimes been suggested that 7 (15) (C) Parliament replying to a speech of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 these mighty pyramids, built as they are the sovereign 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of great blocks of stone, speak to an (D) Parliament addressing the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 almost miraculous knowledge on the part 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 public 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of their builders. Theories about extrater- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (E) House of Commons replying to the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 restrial help have been put forth to (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inquiries of the House of Lords 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 explain the Egyptians’ accomplishment. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Which of the following might be included These theories make for good storytell7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in the third section of the “king’s speech?” ing, but have absolutely no basis in truth. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 A saner assessment of the conditions can 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) trade relations with France 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 be found in the writings of Diodorus. A (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) foreign debt 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Sicilian, Diodorus lived centuries after 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) the appointment of a new head of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Great Pyramids were constructed, so 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Treasury 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 he does not provide an eyewitness 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) business growth in urban settings 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 account. Even so, his explanation strikes 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) a newly proposed bill to readjust 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 many as being very plausible. (30) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 education spending 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 In his famous World’s History 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 written nearly two thousand years ago, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Diodorus explains the building of the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pyramids by suggesting that great 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 quantities of earth were piled against the 7 (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 side of the rising structure to form an 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 inclined plane. The massive blocks of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 31 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. It is clear from the passage that the author 7 stone used to build the pyramids were 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 views the Egyptian pyramids as then dragged up this slanted surface. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(40) Diodorus gives us certain figures, based, (A) a great feat of engineering. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 doubtless, on reports made to him by (B) easily reproducible with current 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Egyptian priests, who in turn drew upon 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 technologies. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the traditions of their country, perhaps 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) the supreme expression of the Egyp7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 even upon written records no longer 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tian exaltation of their pharaohs. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(45) preserved. He says that as much as 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) a mechanical failure since they are 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 120,000 people were employed in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 losing their original shape. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 construction of the largest pyramids, and 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) a marked advance in the use of sand 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that, notwithstanding the size of this host 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 materials in ancient construction. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of workers, such tasks still required 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(50) twenty or more years to complete. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. The author uses Diodorus’s writings 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Of course, we must not place too primarily to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 much dependence upon such figures as 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) argue that the Egyptian priests were 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 these. Ancient historians were not as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 instrumental in the construction of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 fastidious as contemporary historians in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the pyramids. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(55) recording numbers and figures. But this 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) help date the building of the pyramids. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does not mean Diodorus is not an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) illustrate the imprecision of ancient 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important source of information on the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 historians. construction of the pyramids. We need 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) argue that the building of the not doubt that he is generally accurate in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(60) pyramids is explainable in terms of his outlines of the methods used to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the technologies available to the construct the pyramids. Imagine a host of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ancient Egyptians. workers numbering in the tens of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) argue that the obelisks were the most 7 thousands. Their combined weight and 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 difficult of the ancient structures to strength could be applied to the task and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(65) build. supplemented with the aid of ropes, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pulleys, rollers, and levers. With the help 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. The word “saner” line 24, without 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the inclined plane, these workers could 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 changing the meaning of the sentence, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 undoubtedly move, elevate, and place in 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 could be replaced with 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 position the largest blocks that were used 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(70) (A) more stable to construct the pyramids. Using simple 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) more articulate human muscle aided by basic tools, these 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) more reasonable workers could even raise the most 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) hardier gigantic obelisks, without the aid of any 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) more elusive other kind of mechanism or occult 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(75) power. These same human hands could, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as Diodorus suggests, remove all trace of 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the debris of construction and leave the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pyramids and obelisks standing in weird 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 isolation, as if sprung into being through 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(80) a miracle. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 32 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Questions 11–20 are based on the following 8. The author’s attitude towards the hypoth34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passage. esis that the construction of the pyramids 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 is unexplainable is one of The following excerpts have been adapted from 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 an autobiography of Theodore Roosevelt, an 7 (A) tentative acceptance 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 American president from the early twentieth 7 (B) firm denial 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 century. (C) mild skepticism 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) stated indecision 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line Sometime around 1644, Klaes Martensen 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) exclusive allegiance 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 van Roosevelt came from Holland to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 New Amsterdam, now New York City. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. All of the following are problems regard34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 For the next seven generations, every one 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ing the credibility of Diodorus that the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 of us was born on Manhattan Island. On 7 (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 author of the passage addresses EXCEPT 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 October 27, 1858, I was born at No. 28 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Diodorus’s work took over twenty 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 East Twentieth Street, New York City. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 years to complete. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Diodorus’s work was written centuries 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the best man I ever knew. He combined 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 after the pyramids were constructed. strength and courage with gentleness and 7 (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Diodorus does not provide mathgreat unselfishness. He would not 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ematical detail. tolerate in his children selfishness, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Diodorus’s history was based on the idleness, cowardice, or untruthfulness. As 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 writing of priests’, which was based we grew older he also made us under34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 on oral history. stand that the same standard of clean (15) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Some of Diodorus’s descriptions are living was demanded for boys as for girls. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 exaggerated. With great love and patience, he com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 bined insistence on discipline. He never 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 10. Based on the author’s beliefs about the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 physically punished me but once, yet he 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 construction of the Egyptian pyramids the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 was the only man of whom I was ever (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 author would most likely view the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 really afraid. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 building of other pyramids by ancient 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 My father worked hard at his 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 civilizations as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 business, and he died when he was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 forty-six. He was interested in every (A) explainable by undiscovered 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 social reform movement, and he did an (25) technologies. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 immense amount of charitable work 12 (B) unexplainable since we do not have 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 himself. He was a big, powerful man, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 direct evidence of their building 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with his heart filled with gentleness for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 techniques. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 those who needed help or protection, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) mysterious since we know of no com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 with the possibility of much wrath (30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 munication between the Egyptians and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 against a bully or an oppressor. these other ancient civilizations. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 My father was particularly interested (D) explainable by use of the technolo7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in a lodging house for underprivileged gies we know they possessed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 boys and in getting the children off the (E) explainable by reference to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 city streets and out on farms in the West. (35) governmental systems of these 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 At very early ages we children were taken 7 civilizations. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 33 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 By the time I left college and entered with him to help at the lodging house. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the big world, I owed more than I can When I was President, the Governor of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 express to the training I had received, Alaska under me was one of these boys (80) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(40) especially in my own home. But I still who had been sent from New York out 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 had much to learn if I were to become West by my father. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 really fitted to do my part in the work While still a small boy I began to take 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that lay ahead for my generation of an interest in natural history. At once, I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Americans. I had, consciously or unconbegan to write a natural history. It was (85) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(45) sciously, been taught that socially and written down in a blank book wholly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 industrially pretty much the whole duty unscientifically and in simplified spelling. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the man lay in thus making the best of 7 After that, my two cousins and I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 himself—that he should be honest in his promptly started what we ambitiously 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 dealings with others and charitable to the called the “Roosevelt Museum of (90) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) unfortunate, but that it was no part of Natural History.” The collections were at 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 his business to join with others in trying first kept in my room, and later moved 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to make things better for the many by up to a bookcase in the back hall. My 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 curbing the excessive development of father and mother encouraged me 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 individualism in a few. Now I do not warmly in this, as they always did in (95) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12(55) mean that this training was by any means 7 anything that could give me wholesome 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 all bad. But such teaching, if not corpleasure or help to develop me. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rected by other teaching, means acquiesQuite unknown to myself, I was, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 cence in a riot of lawless business while a boy, under a hopeless disadvan7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tage in studying nature. I was very (100) individualism which would be as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(60) destructive to real civilization as the near-sighted. I realized it when one day 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lawless military individualism of the my friends read aloud an advertisement 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Dark Ages. in huge letters on a distant billboard. Not 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 only was I unable to read the sign, but I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 could not even see the letters. I spoke of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11. From the sentence beginning “He was a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(65) this to my father, and soon afterwards 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 big . . .” (lines 27–28), it can be inferred 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 got my first pair of spectacles, which 7 that Theodore Roosevelt’s father 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 opened an entirely new world to me. I 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) got a thrill from his power 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 had been a clumsy and awkward little 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) was physically large, but sweet7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 boy, and a good deal of it had been due 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tempered 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(70) to the fact that I could not see. The 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) had a great deal of money 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 recollection of this experience gives me a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) was provoked by weakness 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 keen sympathy for those who are trying 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) could be frightening when he had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in our public schools and elsewhere to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 good reason to be remove the physical causes of deficiency 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(75) in children, who are often unjustly 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 blamed for being obstinate or unambi7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tious. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. It can be inferred from the passage that 12. Which of the following best describes 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 which of the following was a lesson Roosevelt’s tone in the passage? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Roosevelt learned from his father? (A) genuine 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) It is especially important for men to 7 (B) somber 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have strong morals. (C) adamant 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Society must have safeguards to (D) reactionary 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 protect the poor. (E) self-important 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Individuals have a moral duty to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. The word “ambitiously” in line 48, strive to their highest possible level 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph 5 primarily serves to convey of achievement. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Children who struggle in school (A) the strength of Roosevelt’s desire to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 deserve patience and compassion. become an important man 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Intellectual pursuit is more important (B) the young age at which Roosevelt 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 than sport. planned to found a museum 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Roosevelt’s admiration for his 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 17. Roosevelt’s ultimate purpose in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 father’s successes 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passage is to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) the insignificance of Roosevelt’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) provide an explanation for having collection 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ideas that might otherwise seem (E) Roosevelt’s love of adult vocabulary 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 contradictory 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. The purpose of paragraph 5 is to show (B) demonstrate that he is an average 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 that Roosevelt’s interest in natural history American 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) celebrate his father (A) was an outgrowth of his love of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) justify his establishment of a school reading 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 for underprivileged boys (B) was unschooled and naïve 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) explain his shift from natural (C) was a precursor to his passion for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sciences to politics politics 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) was rigorous from the outset 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 18. In line 94, paragraph 7, “curbing” most 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) was an expression of genius 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 nearly means 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15. Roosevelt includes the detail about the (A) supplanting 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 governor of Alaska in order to emphasize 12 (B) sidetracking 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) curtailing (A) how successful his father’s program 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) spurring was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) condemning (B) how connected his father was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 politically 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) how far west they sent the boys 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) how humble the governor’s back34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ground was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) how generous Roosevelt was as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 president 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 35 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1219. 20. The author includes the phrase “conThe main idea of paragraph 7 can best be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sciously or unconsciously” (lines 85–86, expressed as 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph 7) to emphasize that (A) Roosevelt would later reject the idea 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) he was still too young to have a that all business dealings must be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 concrete understanding of these honest. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 opinions (B) Roosevelt had concluded that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) his teachers had been very insistent individual enterprise was ruthless. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 on the value of the individual (C) Roosevelt would later conclude that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) his desire to be successful was an individual success was not as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unconscious attempt to please his important as his father thought. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 father (D) Roosevelt would later decide that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) he had been taught in a variety of government has to limit individual 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ways profit to protect the poor. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) his mentors were not heartless (E) Roosevelt had established all of his 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important views by the time he 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 finished college. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 36 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Section 2 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Notes: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2s r 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2x w r s x 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 c h h h b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 w 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 s 2 b 3x a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A 5 pr 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2 2 2 2 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. If a bolt machine makes three bolts every 7 1. If 3(x 1 y 1 z) 2 y 5 3z 1 2y 1 12 then 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 seconds, how many bolts will the x5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 machine make in ten minutes? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 100 (B) 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 160 (C) 4 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 240 (D) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 360 (E) 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 600 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. 7. What is the area of a right triangle with 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 one side of length 6 and a hypotenuse of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 length 10? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 20 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 24 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 30 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 36 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If the measure of ∠A is 50°, what is the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 48 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 value of y? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. (A) 40 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 50 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 80 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 85 O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 100 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Which of the following numbers is a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 multiple of 3 and 9? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 Circle O in the above figure has a diam1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 127 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 eter of 6. If the central angle formed 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 231 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measures 60°, what is the length of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 267 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 intercepted arc? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 684 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 775 p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. What is the distance between P (3, 2) and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 B. p 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Q (0, 1)? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 2 C. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 3 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D. 2p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) =10 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E. 3p 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 (D) = 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 (E) 4 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. A stock’s price went up 25 percent in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 first half of a year and then went down 20 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. If f(x) 5 3 2 x then which of the following 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 percent in the second half of the year. For 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 values are outside the range of f(x)? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the entire year, the price 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 24 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) decreased by 10 percent. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 22 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) decreased by 5 percent. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 0 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) did not change. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2 (D) increased by 5 percent. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 4 (E) increased by 10 percent. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 38 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 10. In a certain school there are x halls each 13. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 with y classrooms. Each classroom has 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 z desks. Which of the following correctly 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 expresses the number of desks in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the school? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) x 1 yz 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) y(x 1 z) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) xyz 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 In the figure above the line is tangent to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) x(y 1 z) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the circle. If m∠a is 45° degrees, and the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) x 1 y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 radius of the circle is 5, what is the = 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 length of the hypotenuse of the triangle? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11. The perimeter of a square is 20. What is 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the shortest distance between opposite (A) =2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 corners? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) =3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 5 (C) 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 5=2 (D) =10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 8 (E) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 5=3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. x4 2x 5 x4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 In the figure above if AC is 3x 1 7, what 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 is CD? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) x 1 3 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) x 1 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15. There are three routes from Stuben to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If in the figure above A and B are squares, Tejanos. There are three routes from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and the area of A is sixteen. What is the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Tejanos to Verona. There are four routes 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 area of B? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 from Verona to Galson. If a driver is to go 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 0.25 from Stuben to Galson, only passing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 1 through Tejanos and Verona once, how 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 2.25 many different possible routes are there? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 10 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 9 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 16 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 24 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 36 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 39 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 19. If 3, 6, 12 . . . is a geometric sequence, 16–18 refer to the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12definition. what is the 13th term in this sequence? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 122A34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 palindrome is a positive integer that reads the (A) 156 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12same forward as it does backward. For instance, (B) 892 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12662 is a palindrome but 2626 is not. Also, zero (C) 3,024 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12cannot be the first or last digit of a palindrome. (D) 12,288 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 24,576 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 16. Which of the following is a palindrome? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20. If p, q, and n are distinct digits, how many 7 (A) 360 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 different 4-digit numbers that only include 7 (B) 306 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 p, q, and n, but always uses all three, (C) 3636 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 could they possibly form? (D) 26336 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 3663 (A) 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 30 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1217. If 9A6B9 is a palindrome, and 3A43 is a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 36 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 palindrome, what is the value of B? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 54 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 3 (E) 104 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 21. If x is the set of positive even integers 0 to 7 (C) 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 100 inclusive, and y is the set of positive (D) 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 odd integers 0 to 100 inclusive, and the (E) It cannot be determined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 elements in y are subtracted from the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1218. What is the difference between the next elements in x the total difference is 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 greatest and next smallest palindrome in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 0 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 relation to 4554? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 1 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 20 (C) 25 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 22 (D) 49 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 200 (E) 50 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 220 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 322 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 40 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
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Section 3 30 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Identifying Sentence Errors 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 correct answer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 word usage, word choice, and idioms. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 than one error. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. Mrs. Thompson did not go with Smythe 3. Modern art, though often used as a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and I on the trip because her plane arrived catch-all term for all contemporary art, is 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B C B 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 late, and she missed her connecting flight. generally defined as having a definite 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D C 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 No error. beginning in the early decades of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E D 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 twentieth century. No error. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. It is likely that the first day of the race, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 originally set for September 20, would be 4. Thomas had, in the past, stated that Alicia 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A B C A B 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 postponed on account of bad weather. was a more natural speaker than him. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D C D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 No error. No error. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 41
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. In 1953 Watson and Crick unlocked the 8. Recent, studies on the topic of biodiversity 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A A B 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 structure of the DNA molecule and in aquamarine settings have raised 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 set into motion the modern study of concerns related to the rising levels of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 genetics, which was currently one of the oxygen in the Pacific Ocean. No error. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C D E 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 most vibrant fields of scientific research. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. The report unambiguously stated that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 No error. A B 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in respect of the new regulations, the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. Enrique Fermi, one of the great physicists company would not be in compliance. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the last century, was a good friend of No error. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Albert Einstein; they met after one of his 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. Many of the employees thought that filing C D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lectures at Princeton. No error . A B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the paperwork was more time consuming 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. The group, including the speakers, were than the computer entries . No error . 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A B D E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ready for the second half of the conference 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which was going to be held 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in the main amphitheater. No error. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D E 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 42 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Improving Sentences 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choice, sentence construction, and punctuation. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. If you 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Answer choices (B), (C), (D), and (E) contain alternative phrasings of the underlined 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 13. Philosophy, as an academic discipline, had 7 11. With all the receipts in hand, it was not 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 unclear how many people had bought its inception over twenty-four centuries 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ago in ancient Greece with Plato’s tickets. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Academy. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) was not unclear 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) as an academic discipline (B) was clearly 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) a discipline which is academic (C) was clear 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) as a discipline academically (D) was not unclearly 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) as a discipline for the academic (E) wasn’t unclear 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) as a discipline which is practiced 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. The Cours Mirabeau, a wide thoroughfare academically 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 planted with double rows of plane-trees 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. As the team of geologists began their and bordered by fine houses, divides the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 descent into the canyon, it became really town into two portions. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 most clear to them that previous dating 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) planted with double rows of plane7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 schemes of the canyon formation were 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 trees 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inaccurate. (B) which has been planted with double 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rows of plane-trees (A) it became really clear 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) that was planted in the past with (B) it became really clearer 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 double rows of plane-trees (C) it had become really clear 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) with double-rows of plane-trees (D) it had become clearer 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 which were planted in the past (E) it became clear 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) in the past was planted with a double 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 row of plane-trees 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 43 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1215. 17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an The medical establishment under pressure 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important figure in twentieth century from government regulators stopped the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 America, he was president during the relaxation of standards for earning a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Great Depression and the Second World medical license. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 War. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) establishment under pressure from 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an government regulators stopped the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important figure in twentieth century relaxation 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 America, he was president during the 7 (B) establishment, under pressure from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Great Depression and the Second government regulators, it stopped the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 World War. relaxation 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an (C) establishment—under pressure from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important figure in twentieth century government regulators—stopped, the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 America, and he was president relaxation 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 during the Great Depression, and (D) establishment, under pressure from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 also the Second World War. government regulators; stopped the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an relaxation 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important figure in twentieth century 7 (E) establishment, under pressure from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 America. He was president during government regulators, stopped the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Great Depression and the Second 7 relaxation 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 World War. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1216. Large numbers of geese migrate along the (D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 southern route to the milder climates of important figure in twentieth century 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexico grouping together to form super America: president during the Great 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 flocks. Depression and the Second World 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 War. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) geese migrate along the southern 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 route to the milder climates of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important figure in twentieth century 7 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexico grouping together 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 America; was president during the (B) goose migrating along the southern 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Great Depression and the Second route to the milder climates of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 World War. Mexico and grouping together 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) geese migrate along the southern 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 18. It is vital for success in college both to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 route to the milder climates of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 employ good study skills and being a good 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexico and group together 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 listener in class lectures. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) geese migrate along the southern 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 route to the mildest climates of (A) being a good listener 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexico, grouping together (B) listening well 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) geese, migrating along the southern (C) to listen good 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 route to the milder climates of (D) to listen well 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexico, and then grouping together (E) being a goodly listener 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 44 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 20. Unlike many of his colleagues, Thompson 7 19. To this day, the Yamato clan can trace its 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 did not think that the Houghton space imperial lineage to the pre-history of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ancient Japan. Project was going to be a scientifically 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 fruitful endeavor. (A) its imperial lineage 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) it’s imperial lineage (A) did not think that the Houghton 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) their line of imperialism space Project was going 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) they’re imperial lineage (B) did not think the Houghton Space 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) their imperial lineage of the YaProject was going 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 mato clan (C) did not think the Houghton space 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 project would be going 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) did not think that the Houghton 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Space Project would be 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) did not think that the Houghton 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Space Project will be 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Improving Paragraphs 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 errors. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentence’s word choice, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 word usage, or overall structure. Other questions will ask about the paragraph itself. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 paragraph writing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Questions 21–25 refer to the following passage. nity provide fundamental themes for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 several of his volumes. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The following is the first few paragraphs of an 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Military service during when he was 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 early draft of an essay on Yusuf Komunyakaa, an 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 a young man also proved to be a (10) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 African-American poet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 formative thing to the budding poet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line On April 29 1947, Yusef Komunyakaa 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 After graduating from Bogalusa’s Central 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 was born in Bogalusa, Louisiana. He is 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 High School in 1965, Komunyakaa 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the eldest of five children. Komunyakaa 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 enlisted in the United States Army to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 employs his childhood experiences in his 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 begin a tour of duty in Vietnam. While (15) 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 works: his familial relationships and his (5) there, he started writing, sometime 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 maturation in a rural Southern commubetween 1969 and 1970. As a correspon- 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 45 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 22. Which of the following sentences would dent for and later editor of the military 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 be the best revision of the first sentence in 7 newspaper, The Southern Cross, Komu1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(20) the second paragraph? nyakaa mastered a journalistic style 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which he would later use in poetic efforts (A) Military service during young 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to assess objectively his time spent 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 adulthood also proves formative for 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 engaged in warfare. He was awarded the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the budding poet. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Bronze Star for his work with the paper. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Military service when as a young 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(25) Komunyakaa enrolled at the Univer7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 adult proved to be really formative 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sity of Colorado and received a B.A. in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for the budding poet. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1975. While at Colorado, he discovered 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Although a young adult, military 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 his undiscovered abilities as a poet in a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 service proved to be really formative 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 creative writing workshop. The work7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for the budding poet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(30) shop, notes the author, was the first 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Military service during his youthful7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 chance he had to write for himself. Even 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ness was really important to his 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 though he had long been an avid reader 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 formation as a budding poet. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of poetry and a lover of literature, his 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Military service as a young adult also 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 attempts to write creatively—mainly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 proved formative to the budding 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(35) short stories—had been unsuccessful. He 7 poet. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 had tried numerous times to write short 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 stories but he had never felt that he had 23. Which of the following is the best 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 succeeded in this task. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 transitional phrase to place in the begin7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ning of the third paragraph? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1221. What is the best way to revise the first 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) After leaving the army in the early 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sentence of the first paragraph? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1970s, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Since he left the army in the early (A) Omit the comma after “1947” 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1970s, (B) Omit the comma after “Bogalusa” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) While leaving the army in the early (C) Change the comma after “1947” to a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1970s, semicolon 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Because he left the army in the early (D) Insert a comma after “29” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1970s, (E) Change the capitalization of the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) On account of his leaving the army word “April” to “april“ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in the early 1970s, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 24. Which of the following is the best choice 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to replace the word “undiscovered” in the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 second sentence of the third paragraph? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) basic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) nascent 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) complex 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) unusual 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) waxing 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 46 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 mile in length. At each corner stood a 25. The essay would be stronger if the last 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 solid brick pagoda about 100 feet high. sentence were 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The most remarkable edifice was a (A) omitted entirely. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 celebrated temple, adorned with 250 (B) split into two smaller sentences. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 lofty pillars of gilt wood. The remains of 7 (30) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) moved so that it became the second 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the former palace of the Burmese 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sentence of the paragraph. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 monarchs still survive in the center of the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (D) revised to, “He had tried numerous 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 town. During the time of its prosperity 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 times to write short stories but never 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Amarapura was defended by a rampart 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 felt that he succeeded in this task.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and a large square citadel, with a broad (35) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) revised to, “He had tried numerous 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 moat, the walls being 7000 feet long and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 times to write short stories but had 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20 feet high; with a bastion at each 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 never felt successful at it.” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 corner. The Burmese now refer to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Amarapura as Myohaung, “the old city.” 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Questions 26–30 refer to the following passage. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 It has a station on the Rangoon(40) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Mandalay railway, and is the junction for 7 The following is a short piece on Amarapura, a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the line to Maymyo and the Kunlong historic Burmese city. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ferry. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line Once in the past the capital of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Burmese kingdom, Amarapura is now a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 26. The opening words of the passage “Once 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 suburb of Mandalay, Burma. The town 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in the past” would best be replaced by 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 was founded in 1783 to form a new 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 capital about six miles to the northeast of (5) (A) A long time ago 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Ava. It increased rapidly in size and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Formerly 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 population, and in 1810 was estimated 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Once upon a time 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to contain 170,000 inhabitants; but in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) In the past 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that year the town was destroyed by fire, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Millenia ago 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and this disaster, together with the (10) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 27. The third sentence in the first paragraph removal of the royal court to Ava in 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 might be revisable because it 1823, caused a decline in the prosperity 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the city. In 1827 its population was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) has subject-verb disagreement 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 estimated at only 30,000. It suffered 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) does not flow with the previous 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 severe calamity from an earthquake, (15) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sentence 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which in 1839 destroyed the greater part 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) is very long 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the city. It was finally abandoned in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) contains too many numbers and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1860, when king Mindon occupied 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 figures 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mandalay, roughly five miles farther 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) contains vague pronoun references 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 north. (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Amarapura was also laid out on 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 much the same plan as Ava. The ruins of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the city wall, now overgrown with 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 jungle, show it to have been a square 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with a side of about three-quarters of a (25) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 47 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1228. 30. Which of the following is the best way to 7 The entire rough draft suffers from the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 revise the sentence in the second paragraph 7 fact that 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 shown below? (A) the town of Ava is repeatedly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 During the time of its prosperity Amaramentioned, but its overall impor7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pura was defended by a rampart and a tance or relationship to Amarapura 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 large square citadel, with a broad moat, is never explained. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the walls being 7000 feet long and 20 feet (B) no explanation is given for why 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 high; with a bastion at each corner. Amarapura waned in importance. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) the city of Mandalay is never 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Amarapura defended itself with a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 described in sufficient detail 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rampart and a large square citadel 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the rituals of the ancient Burmese 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with a broad moat. The walls were 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 royal court are not delineated 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7000 feet long and 20 feet high with 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) No mention is given to Amarapura’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 a bastion at each corner. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 current state. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Amarapura was defended by a 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12229. rampart and a large square citadel The word “edifice” in line 28 could most 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with a broad moat. The citadel walls 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 reasonably be replaced with 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 were 7000 feet long and 20 feet high 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) structure and had a bastion at each corner. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) place (C) Amarapura was defended by a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) location rampart and a large square citadel, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) construction site with a broad moat, the walls being 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) architect 7000 feet long and 20 feet high, with 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 a bastion at each corner. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Amarapura was defended by a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rampart, a large square citadel, a 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 broad moat, walls measuring 7000 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 feet long and 20 feet high with a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 bastion at each corner. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Amarapura was defended by a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rampart and a large square citadel 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with a broad moat. Amarapura, with 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 walls being 7000 feet long and 20 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 feet high, had a bastion at each 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 corner. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 48 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Section 4 27 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choices, labeled (A) through (E). These choices represent words or phrases that have been left 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the sentence as a whole. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Example: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Canine massage is a veterinary technique 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 for calming dogs that are extremely __________. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) inept 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) disciplined 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) controlled 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) stressed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) restrained 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A O B O C Þ O E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O Þ Þ Þ Þ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The most __________ factor in the 1. Though thought __________, recently a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 computer revolution was size: the greatly 7 small number of living lingis terracotis 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 diminished size of more modern comput- 7 organisms were discovered. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ers has made them far more __________. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) defunct 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) irrelevant. .common (B) exiled 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) complex. .unpredictable (C) deserted 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) salient. .indispensable (D) extinct 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) concrete. .valuable (E) overpopulated 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) essential. .practical 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 49
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. Thomas was __________ the business deal 7 3. Though many traditional forms of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 since he had been swindled in a similar medicine have been practiced for centu1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 situation in the past. ries, members of the modern medical 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 establishment still often view these (A) enthusiastic about 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 treatments as __________, since many 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) terrified of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have not been tested scientifically. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) prideful of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) leery of (A) dubious 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) nonchalant about (B) dogmatic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) ineffective 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. Maintaining the integrity of the soil (D) surreptitious 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 specimens was __________, and ultimately 7 (E) disingenuous 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the scientists were __________ in their 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 attempts to keep the soil free of for4. The Barbary Pirates __________ the Strait 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 eign particles. of Gibraltar for centuries, attacking 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passing ships and impeding trade. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) straightforward. .triumphant 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) challenging. .unsuccessful (A) menaced 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) laborious. .inundated (B) cultivated 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) vexing. .victorious (C) arraigned 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) problematic. .reticent (D) appropriated 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) disclaimed 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. Though considered a traditionalist by 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 many of her critics, the artist saw her 5. The specks of paint were small, nearly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 work as __________ new techniques __________ in fact, but they still were 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and forms. __________ by the inspector. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) undermining (A) minuscule. .ignored 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) enforcing (B) microcosmic. .upbraided 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) precluding (C) infinitesimal. .detected 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) rejecting (D) inestimable. .noticed 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) employing (E) ignominious. .rejected 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. Although normally __________, the 6. The __________ play was __________ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 teacher became __________ when the even to its author, who later disavowed it. 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 students expressed frustration with the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) bland. .anathema 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 assignment. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) vulgar. .offensive 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) impassive. .defensive (C) heinous. .maladroit 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) serene. .irritable (D) crafty. .fearsome 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) conscientious. .irreverent (E) inarticulate. .comprehensible 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) impatient. .understanding 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) volatile. .heated 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 50 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. Clark Gable, the legendary movie actor, 11. The __________ between the politicians 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 was famous for his __________ and social 7 originated with a deeply __________ piece 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 savvy, two characteristics with which he of legislation. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 __________ many adoring fans. (A) rapprochement. .ideological 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) obtuseness. .ingratiated (B) tension. .meaningful 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) sanctimony. .cultivated (C) rift. .controversial 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) earnestness. .accosted (D) argument. .visceral 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) acumen. .disgusted (E) tedium. .complex 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) panache. .charmed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. Though the author’s prose was natural 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and fluid, her speech at the press club was Questions 16–27 refer to the following passage. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 halting and __________. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 This is an excerpt from Mark Twain’s speech 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) condescending 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 entitled “Compliments and Degrees,” a speech 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) florid 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 in which he discusses receiving compliments. 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) stilted 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Widely considered one of America’s greatest 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Intricate novelists, Twain also won great acclaim as a 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) elegant humorist in his own day. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line It is very difficult to take compliments. I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. Caught in indecision, the customer 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 do not care whether you deserve the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 __________ between purchasing the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 compliments or not, it is just as difficult 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 laptop or the desktop. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 to take them. The other night I was at the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) struggled 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Engineers’ Club, and enjoyed the (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) determined 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sufferings of Mr. Carnegie. They were 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) vied 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 complimenting him there; there it was all 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) vacillated 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 compliments, and none of them deserved. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) protracted 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 They say that you cannot live by bread 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 alone, but I can live on compliments. (10) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. The candidate’s platform __________ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 I do not make any pretence that I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greater fiscal responsibility and improve7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 dislike compliments. The stronger the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ments in education, but few in the better, and I can manage to digest them. I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 electorate believed the candidate would think I have lost so much by not making 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 __________ these goals. 12 a collection of compliments, to put them 7 (15) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) promised. .critique away and take them out again once in a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) eschewed. .uphold while. When in England I said that I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) advocated. .prioritize would start to collect compliments, and I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) rejected. .abhor began there and I have brought some of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) proclaimed. .satirize them along. (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The first one of these lies—I wrote 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 them down and preserved them— I think 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 they are mighty good and extremely just. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 It is one of Hamilton Mabie’s compli7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 ments. He said that La Salle was the first 7 (25) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 51 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was that some newspapers said I talked one to make a voyage of the Mississippi, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with the Queen of England with my hat but Mark Twain was the first to chart, (70) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 on. I don’t do that with any woman. I light, and navigate it for the whole 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 did not put it on until she asked me to. world. If that had been published at the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(30) Then she told me to put it on, and it’s a time that I issued that book Life on the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 command there. I thought I had carried Mississippi, it would have been money in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 my American democracy far enough. So I 7 my pocket. I tell you, it is a talent by (75) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 put it on. I have no use for a hat, and itself to pay compliments gracefully and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 never did have. have them ring true. It’s an art by itself. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(35) The happiest experience I had in W. D. Howells spoke of me as first of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 England was at a dinner given in the Hartford, and ultimately of the solar 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 building of the Punch publication, a system, not to say of the universe. If it (80) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 humorous paper which is appreciated by can be proved that my fame reaches to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 all Englishmen. It was the greatest Neptune and Saturn, that will satisfy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(40) privilege ever allowed a foreigner. I even me. You know how modest and 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 entered the diningroom of the building, retiring Howells seems to be, but deep 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 where those men get together who have down he is as vain as I am. Mr. Howells (85) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 been running the paper for over fifty had been granted a degree at Oxford, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 years. We were about to begin dinner whose gown was red. He had been 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(45) when the toastmaster said: “Just a invited to an exercise at Columbia, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 minute; there ought to be a little cerupon inquiry had been told that it was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 emony.” Then there was that meditating usual to wear the black gown. Later he (90) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 silence for a while, and out of a closet had found that three other men wore 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 there came a beautiful little girl dressed bright gowns, and he had lamented that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) in pink, holding in her hand a copy of he had been one of the black mass, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the previous week’s paper, which had in not a red torch. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 it my cartoon. It broke me all up. I could 7 Now here is a gold-miner’s compli(95) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not even say “Thank you.” That was the ment. It is forty-two years old. It was my 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 prettiest incident of the dinner, the introduction to an audience to which I 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12(55) delight of all that wonderful table. When 7 lectured in a log schoolhouse. There were 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 she was about to go, I said, “My child, no ladies there. I wasn’t famous then. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 They didn’t know me. Only the miners (100) you are not going to leave me; I have 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hardly got acquainted with you.” She were there, with their breeches tucked 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 replied, “You know I’ve got to go; they into their boot-tops and with clay all 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(60) never let me come in here before, and over them. They wanted someone to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 they never will again.” That is one of the 7 introduce me, and they selected a miner, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 who protested, saying: “I don’t know (105) beautiful incidents that I cherish. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 anything about this man. Anyhow, I only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 know two things about him. One is, he 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(65) has never been in jail, and the other is, I 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 don’t know why.” 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 There’s one thing I want to say about 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that English trip. One thing that I regret 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 52 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19. In lines 32–34, the author implies that 16. The word “sufferings” in line 6 refers to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Mr. Mabie made both an eloquent (A) the physical illness which ailed Mr. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and well-timed compliment. Carnegie. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) a truly fine compliment can have (B) the difficulty of listening to others 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 monetary value. complimented deservedly. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) he would pay money to be able to (C) the difficulty of receiving compli34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 make such a fine compliment ments well. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 himself. (D) the hardships he had overcome, for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) if Mr. Mabie had praised the book which the engineers complimented 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sooner, more copies would have been him. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sold. (E) the difficulty of devising false 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) it is distasteful to think of complicompliments. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ments in economic terms. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 17. The passage as a whole indicates that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. Twain’s response to W. D. Howells’s Twain thinks compliments are 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 compliment in paragraph 4 suggests that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) always profoundly flattering. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Twain thinks the compliment is (B) an important social function. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 excessive. (C) difficult to receive well but easy to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Twain believes every compliment give well. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 should be met with another. (D) easily recorded but remembered only 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) Twain thirsts for greater and greater 7 with difficulty. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 compliments. (E) often grossly exaggerated. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Twain prides himself on the univer34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 18. When Twain says of compliments, “The 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sality of his themes. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 stronger the better, and I can manage to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Twain has little regard for people 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 digest them,” he means to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 who pay him compliments. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) sardonically depict loving compli34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 21. The phrase “red torch” lines 51 is used to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ments as a noble act. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 emphasize 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) adamantly maintain that one can live 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) the importance of the role Mr. off compliments only with difficulty. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Howells played in the ceremony. (C) earnestly encourage the audience to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) the flamboyance of Mr. Howells’s come up with great compliments for 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 wish. him. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) the garish hue of the gown. (D) mournfully compare his present 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the colorfulness of the ceremony. successes with his past struggles. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) the drabness of the other gowns. (E) indignantly insist that he is better at 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 receiving compliments than Mr. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Carnegie. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 53 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1222. 25. The author includes the little girl’s remark 7 In line 41 of paragraph 4, “retiring” most 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in the last paragraph in order to closely means 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) show how young the girl really was. (A) elderly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) criticize the hosts for not allowing (B) humble 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 her to stay. (C) aloof 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) reveal that he can pay pleasant (D) lethargic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 compliments in conversation. (E) arrogant 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) demonstrate that children also enjoy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1223. Twain relays the anecdote of the miner’s his work. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 introduction lines 62–66 to (E) emphasize what a special occasion it 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was. (A) show how a spontaneous compli7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ment can be the best kind. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 26. In lines 95–96, the author conveys 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) illustrate what a backhanded 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that he 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 compliment is. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) couldn’t help laughing at the hosts’ 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) provide a humorous example of how 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 surprise. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 he was received before he became 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) was taken completely off guard. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 famous. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) was too moved by the gesture to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) provide a contrast with how the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 speak. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Queen of England welcomed him. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) was flattered, but forgot to say thank 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) show the nobility of the miner’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 you. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 intentions. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) was flustered that his presentation 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1224. had been interrupted. The underlying sentiment in Twain’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 remark that “I thought I had carried my 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 27. This speech would best be compared to a American democracy far enough” (lines 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 speech in which a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 74–75) is best described as 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) politician spoke on her platform. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) mild affront at having been ordered 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) comedian performed his routine. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 by the Queen. 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) journalist offered personal reflections 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) self-satisfaction at having proved a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 on her career. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 point to the Queen. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) novelist spoke on the issues his latest 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) bashful humility in the Queen’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 novel addressed. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 presence. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) writer reflected on the reception of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) bold patriotism in a foreign setting. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 her writing. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) indifference to what the Queen 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 wanted. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 54 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Section 5 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Notes: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2s r 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2x w r s x 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 c h h h b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 w 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 s b 3x a 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A 5 pr 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 2 2 2 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. If 5=x 1 14 5 20 then x equals 2. A class has x students. Four students join 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the class and the class size increases 20%. 7 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A. What was the original class size? 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 B. (B) 18 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 20 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 48 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 22 C. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 24 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D. 25 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E. 900 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. 6. A bag of marbles contains 6 red marbles, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8 green marbles, and 10 black marbles. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 What is the probability of picking out a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 red marble on one random try? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C. What is the value of x? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 2 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D. (B) 3 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 5 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 2 5 (D) = 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 5=3 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. If j is an integer divisible by 2, 3, 6, 9, and 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 what is the next integer divisible by 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. If |x 2 5| . 3 then which of the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 these numbers? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is true? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) j 1 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 28 . x . 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) j 1 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 23 . x . 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) j 1 24 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 22 . x . 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) j 1 30 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2 . x . 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) j 1 36 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 5 . x . 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. For how many integer values of x will 5. If 3x 5 12 then 32 1 x 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 1 (A) 6 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 be less than but greater than ? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 5 (B) 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 36 (A) 9 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 108 (B) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 144 (C) 6 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 4 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) an infinite number 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 56 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11. If y is a multiple of x by a factor of k, 9. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 where k is a positive integer, and x , y 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 then 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5k A. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3x 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5 3k B. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 C. 2(x 2 y) 5 2k 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D. (x 2 y)(y 2 x) 5 k 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ~x 2 y! 5 k 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E. If a best fit line were fitted to the scatter7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y 2 x ~ ! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 plot above, its slope would be 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2x 21 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. If 2 5 (8) then x 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) negative 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 24 (B) nearly 0 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 23 (C) 0.05 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 2 (D) 0.50 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 3 (E) about 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 10. What is the midpoint between P (4, 2) and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. Jorge has 6 square tiles that are nine 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 Q (0, 8)? 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inches square each. If Jorge cuts each tile 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) (0, 5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 into the largest circle possible, what will 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) (2, 5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the area of the left over tiles be in square 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) (2, 6) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inches? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) (3, 4) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 54 2 7p (E) (3, 5) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 6(9 2 p) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 9(6 2 p) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 54 2 13.5p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 12(9 2 p) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 14. In a coordinate plane, if distinct points A 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (2, p) and B (p, 2) lie on a line with a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 slope of negative one, which of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 following could be values of p? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 1, 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 1, 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 2, 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2, 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 2, 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 57 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1215. Which of the following numbers is a 18. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 relative prime of 27? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 24 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 35 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 45 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 54 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 60 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1216. A rectangular solid has a height and width 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of 4. If the solid can be cut in half, across 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 its length, such that two cubes result, what The above figure is a pyramid with a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is the volume of the original solid? square base. If the height of the pyramid is 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 64 4, then what is the area of the base of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 78 pyramid? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 92 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 3=2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 110 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 128 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 18 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (D) 25 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6x 1 16x 1 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1217. If 5 0 then x 5 3 2 (E) 36 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 2 4x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 19. 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 21, 2 A. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B. 22, 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3, C. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D. 1, 3 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E. 2, 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If the area of the sector is 6p, and the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measure of angle a is 60°, what is the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 volume of the cylinder? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 120p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 140p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 160p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (D) 180p 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 200p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 58 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. A circular dart board is divided into 20 21. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 equal sectors. One dart is thrown ran1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 domly at the board and lands in one of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sectors. What is the probability that a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 second dart, also thrown randomly, will 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 land in the same sector? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 400 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 380 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 1 In the figure above, l1il2, A is at (23, 22), 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 C. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20 B is at (22, 23), and C is at (2, 21). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 What is the y-intercept of IlO1? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 23 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 (B) 22 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 20.5 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 59 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 6 16 Questions j Time—20 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 answer the accompanying questions, basing your answers on what is stated or implied in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12The 1. The passage argues that question of whether the ancient Greeks 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12borrowed their algebra from the ancient 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the Greek algebraists were more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Hindus or vice versa has been the subject of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 advanced than the Hindus. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12much discussion. There is no doubt that there (B) Hindu and Greek algebraists were 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12was constant traffic between Greece and India equally influenced by one another. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12beginning over three millennia ago, and it is (C) Hindu algebraists definitely influ- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12very likely that an exchange of produce would 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 enced the Greeks more than vice versa. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12be accompanied by a transference of ideas. In 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Greek algebraists definitely influenced 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12certain respects it appears that Hindu solutions 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Hindus more than vice versa. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122to some basic algebraic equations were influ7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the Hindu algebraists were influ34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1enced by the Greeks. This is thought to be the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 enced by the Greeks, but attained 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1case because Greek notation is employed in a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 greater successes. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12few ancient texts of Hindu mathematics. Even 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122so, it is certain that the Hindu algebraists were 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The United States Department of Agriculture 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12far in advance of the Greek algebraists. Hindu 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 dates its rank as an executive department from 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122algebraists solved complex problems involving 1889. It was first established as a department in 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122negative numbers, a feat not attained by the 1862, ranking as a bureau, with a commis7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122ancient Greeks. sioner in charge. In addition to the commis7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sioner, there was a statistician, a chemist, an 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 entomologist, and a superintendent of experi7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 mental farming. The bureau’s scope was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 initially somewhat limited, but its work was 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gradually enlarged by the appointment of a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 botanist in 1868, the creation of a forestry 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 department in 1877, and the establishment of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 60
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The Alder genus of plants comprises a few agricultural experiment stations throughout the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 species of shrubs and trees, most of which do country in 1887. In 1889 the department 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 not reach a large size. They are geographically became an executive department, the principal 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 distributed throughout the north temperate official being designated Secretary of Agricul34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 zone of South America, which stretches along ture, with a seat in the president’s cabinet. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Andes southward to Chile. One of the rare 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 exceptions to the small size of the Alder genus 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. The passage describes the United States 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is the Tuvian tree. Under favorable circum34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Department of Agriculture as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 stances Tuvian trees will grow to a height of 40 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) becoming more bureaucratic through or 50 feet, dwarfing the other members of its 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the late nineteenth century. genus. Other than size, the Tuvian tree pos34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) becoming more specialized in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sesses the major characteristics of the Alder 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 experimental farming through the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 genus: the large wedge-shaped leaf, the saplike 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 late nineteenth century. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 secretions at the base of the plant, and the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) growing in political clout through 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 production of large seeds. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the early twentieth century. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) growing in size through the late 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Which of the following questions is not 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 nineteenth century. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 explicitly answered in the passage? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) narrowing its scope of operations in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (A) What are the characteristics of leaves 7 the late nineteenth century. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of plants in the Alder genus? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 3. It can be inferred from the passage that (B) Do plants other than the Tuvian tree 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the U. S. Department of Agriculture in the Alder genus produce sap? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 becoming an executive department 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) How large are other plants in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Alder genus? (A) was beneficial for the farmers of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Where do plants other than the American Midwest. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Tuvian tree in the Alder genus grow? 7 (B) earned the department a seat on the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) How large is a Tuvian tree? president’s cabinet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) meant the department could hire a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 chemist and an entomologist. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) was a decision made by the future 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Secretary of Agriculture himself. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) made the Department of Agriculture 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 a part of a different branch of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 government. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 61 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions neural diseases, but also holds the 5–16 refer to the following passage. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12The possibility of enhancing the abilities of following two passages discuss neuroscience, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 122the healthy brains. New neural drug regimes 7 study of the brain. Specifically, they address 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12the could increase memory or even heighten (40) notion of progress in the field of neuroscience. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 our powers of perception, such as sight. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 These exciting possibilities remain, for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Passage 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the present, shrouded in mystery like 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1Line When NASA put a man on the moon the brain itself, but the exploration of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 some four decades ago, a new frontier of the inner space of our brain has begun (45) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 human endeavor began: the exploration in earnest. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of outer space. In the last decade, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(5) humanity again has entered into a new 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Passage 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 frontier: the exploration of inner space. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line The 1990s were the “Decade of the This new frontier is the brain, and its 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Brain.” In that illustrious decade of brain 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 heroes are not astronauts but neuroscien7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 investigations, we were told of the great 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tists. Just as outer space holds vast 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 promise of neuroscience. The end of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(10) expanses to be explored, so also the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 brain ailments from Alzheimer’s disease (5) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 human brain holds great promise for 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to depression, it was heralded, was just 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 human exploration and discovery in its 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 around the corner. But the “Decade of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 vast uncharted domains. The great strides 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Brain” has ended, and brain diseases 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 made in neuroscience in the last decade 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have not. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(15) and the promise of future discoveries 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Depression is a good case study in the 7 (10) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 make neuroscience arguably the most 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 progress of neuroscience. The history of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important scientific field of our time. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 depression extends at least as far back as 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 One example of the promise of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Hippocrates, the founder of medicine in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 neuroscience is the progress already made 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ancient Greece. He prescribed herbal oral 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(20) with neurogenesis, the growth of new 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 remedies for depression and theorized (15) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 neurons. Neurons are the basic cellular 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that depression was the result of imbalbuilding blocks of the brain. It had long 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 anced brain “biles.” The herbal treatbeen dogma in neuroscience that adult 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ments were thought to help balance the brains could not grow new neurons, but 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 brain biles. His theory might sound crude 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1(25) recent research has shown that the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to modern ears, but we should not be so (20) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 human brain has an incredible ability to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 quick to suppose that our understanding 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 generate all kinds of new brain cells, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and treatment regimes are much in 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 including neurons. Our increasing 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 advance of Hippocrates. Like him, we 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 understanding of the processes of 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 prescribe oral remedies for depression, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(30) neurogenesis augurs an astounding 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and like him, we have only a vague sense 7 (25) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 potential for medical application. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of how these chemicals alter the balance 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Researchers are already setting their 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of chemicals in the brain. We have even 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sights on the myriad neural diseases, such 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 less idea of how or why these remedies 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 work when they do. There are various 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(35) The advancement of neuroscience 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 explanations for why oral treatments— (30) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does not just anticipate the elimination of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the earlier tricyclics to the iconic 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 62 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7. In Passage 1, the author’s attitude toward 7 1990s medication, Prozac—are beneficial 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 enhancing normal brains is to the depressed patient, but none of the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 explanations are ultimately satisfactory. (A) markedly less enthusiastic than his or 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 For the most part, neither doctors nor (35) her response to possible cures for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pharmaceutical researchers have a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 diseases. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 fundamental grasp of how these medica34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) indicative of his or her unconditional 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tions work. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 embrace of scientific advances. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Before we scientists can declare 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) clinical and objective. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neuroscience the harbinger of the end of (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) defensive about the moral value of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 mental illness and brain disease, we need 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 such advances. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to have a better grasp of the whys and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) skeptical, in contrast to his or her 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 wherefores of our discoveries. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 general optimism about scientific 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 advances. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. NASA is mentioned in the first paragraph 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 8. Neurogenesis is important to the arguof Passage 1 to illustrate 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ment of Passage 1 primarily because it 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) the spatial dimensions of the brain. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) provides concrete evidence to (B) the relation of brain research to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 support the author’s claim that astronomical research. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neuroscience has made important (C) the importance of neuroscience, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 advances. according to NASA. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) disproves the suggestion in the first (D) the importance of pursuing more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 paragraph that the brain is “unthan one kind of scientific inquiry at 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 charted territory.” once. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) provides a contrast to the view that (E) the comparable importance of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neuroscience will enhance our neuroscience in the present to space 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 perceptions. exploration in the past. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) demonstrates that neuroscience was 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6. The author of Passage 1 believes that relatively undeveloped before the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neuroscience is “arguably the most 1990s. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important scientific field of our time” (E) poetically extends the metaphor of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 because it the brain as the new frontier. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) has important political implications. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. The word “dogma” in line 23 of Passage 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) seeks to explain something we know 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 most closely means 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 virtually nothing about. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) strongly held belief. (C) has the potential to improve the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) question of faith rather than intellect. 7 quality of human life. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) anathema. (D) can tell us more about the origin and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) loosely held tenet. meaning of life. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) tangential consideration. (E) is the only science primarily devoted 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to understanding how humans work. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 63 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1210. 13. The author probably calls Prozac an For Passage 2, which of the following best 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “iconic 1990s medication” primarily to describe the author’s attitude toward 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 convey that neuroscience? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the importance of Prozac, like the (A) hopeful expectation 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 other 1990s antidepressants, was (B) moral opposition 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 more about hype than effectiveness. (C) begrudging acceptance 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Prozac is indicative of the develop(D) moderate anticipation 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ments of the 1990s. (E) forceful rejection 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) the author is disinterested in discuss- 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11. The author of Passage 2 suggests that real ing the specifics of the different oral 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 progress toward curing mental illness and medications. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 brain disease should be characterized by a (D) Prozac represented a drastic shift in 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 approach from the earlier medica(A) firmer notion of what causes various 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tions. illnesses. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Prozac is particularly overrated as a (B) decreased reliance on oral medica7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 treatment for depression. tions for brain-related conditions. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) deeper consideration of the side 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. The authors of Passages 1 and 2 would be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 effects of medical treatments. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 most likely to agree that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) more methodical understanding of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the last decade saw breakthrough how current treatments work. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 developments in neuroscience. (E) greater sense of creativity in ap7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) neuroscientists will soon find a cure proaching problems. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for Alzheimer’s disease. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1212. The author compares Hippocrates’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Alzheimer’s disease is a more 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 approach to depression with modern 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important disease than depression. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 approaches primarily suggest that 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the discovery of neurogenesis will 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have practical applications. (A) oral remedies for depression are 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) neuroscientists are the appropriate 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unlikely to work. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 people to search for a cure for 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) doctors suffer from depression as 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Alzheimer’s disease. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 much as their patients. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) neuroscience has made no progress 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 since Hippocrates’s time. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) modern doctors’ claim to balance 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 chemicals they don’t understand is 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unconvincing. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) today’s methods are far more 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 technologically sophisticated than 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Hippocrates’s. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 64 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. The author of the second passage would 15. Which of the following questions is not 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 probably describe the author of the first answered by either passage? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passage as (A) How does the discovery of neurogen34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) too simplistic in his or her assumpesis promise treatment for brain 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tion that theoretical discoveries and diseases? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 practical applications go hand in (B) Which developments made the 1990s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 hand. an important decade for neuroscience? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) overly critical about the state of (C) What recent advances have been 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neuroscience prior to the 1990s. made to treat Alzheimer’s disease? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) unaware of the complete lack of new (D) What aspect of brain functioning do 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neuroscience research. antidepressants affect? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) not attentive enough to the practical (E) How is the development of neuro1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 developments neuroscience research 7 science likely to affect healthy 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 has already made possible. people? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) too focused on the importance of 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 65 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 7 13 Questions j Time—20 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Directions for Student Produced Responses 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. All numbers used are real numbers. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Enter your responses to questions 1–13 in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Answer: 1.4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12special grids provided on your answer sheet. Either position is correct. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Input your answers as indicated in the directions 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12below. 1 . 4 1 . 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O Þ O O Þ O O 4 Decimal → 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Answer: or 4/9 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O point O O O 9 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ O O Þ O O O 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Write answer → 4 / 9 O O O O O O O O 7 12in34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 boxes. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O Þ O O Þ O Þ O ← Fraction line 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O ⎧O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 umn, space permitting. Leave blank any columns O O O O 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O ⎪ not needed. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Þ O O O Grid in → 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O ⎨ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • Writing your answer in the boxes at the top result. O O O O 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the columns will help you accurately grid 7 O O O O ⎪ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O your answer, but it is not required. You will 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ⎩ O OÞO 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 only receive credit for an answer if the ovals 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 are filled in properly. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • Only fill in one oval in each column. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 /
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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 • If a problem has several correct answers, Decimal Accuracy 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 just grid in one of them. Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 • There are no negative answers. rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 must be gridded as .333. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 • Never grid in mixed numbers. The answer 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 1 Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 acceptable. 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is gridded, it will be read 3 1 / 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 1 31 Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . . 7 O Þ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 as , not 3 . 3 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 . 3 3 3 1 / 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O Þ O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O Þ O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Þ O O O Þ O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O Þ O O O O Þ O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ Þ Þ O O Þ O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. A fair six-sided die has a number on each 5. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 side one through six. If the die is cast, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 what is the probability of rolling a prime 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 number? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. Five lines intersect at one point forming 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ten congruent angles. What is the sum of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the measures of two of those angles? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. If (3x2 1 6x 1 4)(2x 1 4) 5 ax3 1 bx2 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cx 1 d, what is the value of b for all 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If the radius of the above circle is 8, = 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 values of x? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 what is the hypotenuse of the triangle? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 4. If f(x) 5 x 1 2 then f(3) equals 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. Car sales in County X jumped 10% from 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 May to June. If in June 220 cars were 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sold, how many were sold in May? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 67 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 /
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. 11. The average (arithmetic mean) of four 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 distinct positive integers is 45. What is the 7 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (0, b) 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 greatest possible value of one of those four 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 integers? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 3 3 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If b4b4b2 5 8 then what does b equal? 12. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (0, 0) (8, 0) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 13. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 m 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 In the figure above, lines l and m are 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 perpendicular and are tangent to the circle. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 What is the value of b? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 In the figure above DABD is congruent to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. If n is an integer whose cube root is an DCBD, and m∠B 5 60. If AD 5 3, what 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 integer, and 7n . n , what is n? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is the perimeter of DABC? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. If a gallon of paint covers 400 square feet 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of wall space and costs $4.50, what is the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 cost, in dollars, of the paint required to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paint ten rooms each with 600 square feet 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of wall space to be painted? (disregard 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 dollar sign in gridding in answer) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 10. The variable a is an integer. If 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2a , 2 6 , 23, what is a possible 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 value of a? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 68 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Section 8 Essay Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Consider the following statement. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Because of technological advances, the world is becoming ___________. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Assignment: Write an essay in which you complete the preceding statement. Explain the reasons behind 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 how you completed the statement. Develop your point of view on this statement and be sure to support 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 your stance with sufficient details. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 69
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 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DIAGNOSTIC 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 time allotted is over. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 71 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Critical Reading Math Writing Critical Reading 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15. E 1. B 12. B 1. D 1. C 11. E 16. C 1. A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 16. C 2. C 13. D 2. E 2. D 12. A 17. C 2. C 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 17. E 3. E 14. A 3. A 3. B 13. D 18. D 3. C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 18. A 4. D 15. E 4. A 4. D 14. B 19. A 4. E 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 19. D 5. D 16. E 5. C 5. C 15. A 20. B 5. A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20. A 6. D 17. B 6. B 6. E 16. C 21. D 6. D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 21. B 18. D 7. D 7. B 17. A 22. E 7. C 7. B 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 22. B 19. D 8. B 8. B 18. C 23. A 8. B 8. A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 23. C 20. C 9. E 9. C 19. D 24. B 9. A 9. C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 24. A 21. E 10. B 10. C 20. E 25. A 10. A 10. D 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25. E 11. C 11. B 26. B 11. C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 26. C 12. C 27. C 12. A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 13. D 28. A 13. A 27. B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. C 29. A 14. E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 30. B 15. E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Math Critical Writing Math 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. 1 1. 0.5 or 1/2 9. A 1. E 12. D 1. B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. 2. 72 10. C 2. D 13. D 2. C 67.5 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. 24 11. D 3. B 14. B 3. C 10. 5, 6, or 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. 11 12. D 4. C 15. B 4. D 11. 174 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. 4 13. B 5. E 16. E 5. D 12. 2 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. 200 14. E 6. C 17. A 6. B 13. 18 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. 4 15. D 7. B 18. C 7. E 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 16. A 8. A 19. D 8. A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20. C 9. E 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 21. C 10. B 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11. A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Section 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Essay 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 As you might expect, answers will vary. If possible, politely ask a teacher, fellow student, or some 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 other person knowledgeable about formal essay writing to review your essay and provide 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 feedback on ways in which your essay is commendable and on areas where it could be improved. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Or, you can go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge for scoring and review of your essay. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 72 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Answer Key
www.petersons.com
PART
III Reviewing the Sections Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section— A Game of Words You CAN Win 74 Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
147
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section— Where Grammar Rules Rule 193 Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
263
PART III
Chapter
4 Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Critical Reading section on the new SAT was known as the Verbal 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section on the old tests. Although the name has changed, most of the section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remains the same. It is still composed of reading passages (500–800 words) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 followed by questions. Sentence completion problems are still around but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 analogy questions are no longer part of the SAT. To replace the analogy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, the College Board added spunky paragraph-length critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading passages (approximately 100 words) with corresponding questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Think of these passages as Chihuahuas and the 500–800 words passages as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Great Danes. They’re the same animal—just different sizes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To review, the new Critical Reading (CR) section is made up of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following three sub-sections: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence Completions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Paragraph-length Critical Reading: Short reading passages (100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words approximately) and corresponding questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Reading Comprehension: Long reading passages (500–800 words) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and corresponding questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this chapter, we’ll take a close look at each of the question types you’ll see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the Critical Reading section and offer strategies to use when faced with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the real thing at test time. Please note, this chapter focuses on reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comprehension questions as they appear on the new SAT, but it is doubtful 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that this will be the last time you ever face a reading comprehension 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. In fact, following the reading guidelines here might just make you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a better reader on the whole, which is something that will help you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throughout the rest of your life. For now, though, the focus remains on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 74
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A Leg Up on Reading Comprehension 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Preparing for the Critical Reading section is similar to preparing for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 marathon—work early, slowly, and consistently to achieve the best results. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How soon you start studying depends on how many other activities you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have going on in your life. The goal is to work through this book on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consistent basis so, if you are a member of four different charities and three 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sports teams, you might want to open this book six months ahead of when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you plan to take the test. The same is true if you have a job that requires you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to work a lot. On the other hand, if you are able to clear your schedule and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 focus solely on the new SAT, two months is probably a good amount of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time. It will allow you to cover all the information at a nice pace and then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take the SAT while your preparation is still fresh in your mind. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Figuring out how much time you need to prepare effectively might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 require you to make a schedule. Many people are schedule-phobic, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it is very helpful if you can devote a specific number of hours each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 week to studying, and then stick to that schedule—“plan.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t fret if you’re just cracking open this book two weeks before you face 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the test for real. There are some simple and potentially entertaining 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 activities you can do to help boost your reading fluency. These are most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 helpful when mixed in with the drill-and-practice methods most people 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 focus on when thinking about test preparation. The drill stuff is necessary, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but it can be mentally tiresome. In contrast, the activities below are not so 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dully “test-preppy,” so they present a nice change of pace if you find 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself tired of working multiple-choice questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Activities to Increase Your Reading Comprehension 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Read books, Web sites, CD covers, the backs of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cereal boxes . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Without a doubt, anything you read makes you a better reader, even if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 read gossip rags and monster truck magazines. Read whatever you want, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but if you want to gain an advantage over your “test-mates,” reach for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something other than the latest issue of Bubblegum Pop Weekly. Why? The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more experience you have reading about stuff like science, social issues, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 humanities, and current events, the more comfortable you’ll be with the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kind of subjects you’ll encounter on the exam. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The newspaper is a great, all-in-one resource for pumping up your reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prowess. It’s like one-stop shopping for readers, providing texts in different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 75 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formats, covering different topics, perspectives, and purposes. If you read 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an article from each newspaper section on a daily or weekly basis, you’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expose yourself to new information and practice reading different types of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 texts similar to those in the CR section. For example, a cover story might be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 informational, an editorial will express an opinion, an article from the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 business section may reveal a cause-effect relationship, and a movie review 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will analyze a film with a critical eye. All of these types of articles are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reflected in the reading passages you’ll see on the test. Seeing them often in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different contexts will increase your comfort level and skill for the real thing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 later. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Regardless of what you read, make it a habit. You may need to shift your 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 schedule and cut out some of your preferred pastimes, like watching 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 television or shopping with friends, but hey, this is not just any test. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cut out television a few weeks before the test, you can also console yourself 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the fact that there are always reruns. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another way to work reading into your daily schedule is to do it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 online. Choose a local or national newspaper and make a point to read 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one or two articles from it everyday before checking e-mail or surfing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Internet. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Get Classic! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 While you read whatever you can get your hands on, don’t leave out good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ol’ literature. Even if you think you read enough novels in your language 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arts class, it never hurts to read a book or two on your own. The new SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will include literary fiction passages for the first time ever. Of course, there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are hundreds of books the College Board will choose from, but alternating 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 your reading workout between simple periodical fare and more substantial 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 novels touches on all of your “reading muscles” with equal weight. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Hey Stripling, Augment Your Lexicon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When it comes to preparing for the CR section, reading comprehension and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary development go hand in hand. A natural part of improving your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own reading comprehension is also increasing (augmenting) your working 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary. A working vocabulary is exactly that—it works for you, not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 against you. To get your lexicon (stock of words that you know) into shape 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the SAT, incorporate one or more of these verbal activities into your 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-preparation routine. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 76 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Keeping Track of New Words 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To really know a word, experts say you must encounter it and use it in more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than one instance. You have to see it, hear it, and use it all in context. Pause 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to look up any unknown words you come across while you read. If you read 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 online, it’s easy to open an online dictionary and type in the word. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could also jot it down to look up later. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, if you don’t want to interrupt your reading flow, try to come up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a definition of the word on your own by looking at the context and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparing your definition to the real thing at a later time. You can use this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 process to answer sentence completion and reading comprehension 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Learn Words Directly through Word Study 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are lots of great SAT vocabulary books available if you want to take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the direct approach to vocabulary study. Some titles include Get Wise! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mastering Vocabulary Skills and Ultimate Word Success, which just happen 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be published by the same company that publishes this book. There is also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Ultimate Word List (Chapter 5), which does its best to include words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that tend to appear frequently on standardized tests. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 But, how do you do it? How do you move a new word from your mental 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 desktop to your long-term hard drive? Well, you have to activate your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 memory by connecting the new with the old. In this case, mentally connect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the new word with stuff you already know or have experienced. A simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way to accomplish this is by making up sentences using the new vocabulary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words. These sentences should apply to you in some way. For example, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suppose you’ve just encountered the word lugubrious, and you have a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cousin named Willy who’s always sad and depressed. You could write the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 My cousin is so lugubrious we should call him, “Weeping Willy.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word lugubrious and its meaning are now attached to something that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already existed in your mind. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Study the Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some vocabulary study books emphasize the study of word parts, such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 roots, bases, prefixes and suffixes. Studying word parts is a great way to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 maximize your time and effort on vocabulary development. Knowledge of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the root words of Latin, Greek, and French will help you recognize those 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word parts in other SAT words and will increase your vocabulary simply by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 77 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 association. If you know a root word and recognize it in a SAT word, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aren’t sure of the exact meaning, you should be able to more easily infer the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning than if you had no prior knowledge of the root. For example, if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you come across the word malevolent and recognized the Latin root male, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which means “badly,” you can safely guess that malevolent has a negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Word Play 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another way to boost your vocabulary is to do some crossword puzzles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You’ll learn to see words in new contexts and exercise your synonym 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replication skills which are handy and necessary for taking the CR section. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Check out the numerous free online sites that offer word games, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary-building activities and crossword puzzles for other ways to play 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with words and build your lexicon. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 You’ll begin to increase your vocabulary just by reading, even if you’re 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 too lazy to stop and think about words you don’t know. The more you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 read, the greater the chance of encountering unknown words. Even if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ve only seen the word once, it’s better than never, and your recall 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the initial encounter of the word might be enough prior knowledge 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to help you answer a question correctly when you see the word again 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence Completion: More than Meets 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the _______ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One of the best tricks to help you be comfortable and save time on the SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is to familiarize yourself with the directions for the Sentence Completion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (SC) section before you take the test. The directions will look something like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Each of the following questions consists of an incomplete 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence followed by five words or pairs of words. Choose that word 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or pair of words which, when substituted for the blank space or spaces, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best completes the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence completions are no great mystery. They’re just a sentence with one 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or two missing words followed by five answer choices. In previous years, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 the questions in this section were organized from easiest to most difficult 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and they appeared in groups of approximately 10 questions. The odds are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 78 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good that the questions in this section will still be ranked from easiest to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficult on the new exam and that they will also appear in a group. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probability that the new SAT will have sentence completion questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sprinkled throughout a section exits, but it is slight. Remember that the new 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test is not, in all sections, a radical departure from the old. It’s just a slight 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tweaking. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence completion questions focus on two things: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Do you know the meaning of words in the sentence and answer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Do you understand the basic logic of the sentence? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pacing is important on the SAT. Try spending about 1 minute on every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practice SC question on the first pass. If you have a good idea of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence’s meaning and recognize all the words in the answer choices, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you may find you need only 30 seconds to answer. If 1 minute goes by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and you’re still looking for the word, skip over that question and come 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 back to it later. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you can identify the structure and meaning of each sentence, you’ll find 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the best words to complete it. Vocabulary is an important part of this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section. You may understand all of the words in the sentence but have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trouble with the hard words in the answer choices. On the other hand, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 may know the meaning of all of the answer choices, but not understand the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. Combining points 1 and 2 above will provide you with the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chance for success. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “Sentence logic” describes the way the sentence is organized—its building 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blocks—and the main idea of the sentence. Understanding the sentence’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 logic means you’re looking at both the structure and the meaning. With SC 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, the word that does not appear is often critical to the meaning of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. The words that do appear offer clues to the missing word, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you must follow these clues to determine the missing word. The missing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word’s location in the overall structure of the sentence also provides a clue 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the meaning of the missing word. Where a word appears in relation to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 other words in a sentence is known as context. Context plays a huge part in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 figuring out what word goes where. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SC questions with two blanks compound the task by requiring you to also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine the relationship between the two words that should be there, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aren’t. Before learning more about these double-blank delights, let’s first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look at the basic steps you can use to answer an SC question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 79 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Basic Steps for Answering a Sentence Completion 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 Question 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Read For the “Gist” of the Sentence 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every sentence has a purpose. For example, some sentences state an opinion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or viewpoint, others inform, and still others compare and contrast (to name 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 just a few types). You must understand the main point, or gist, of a sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completion sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In any SC question, use the sentence structure to help spot the type of word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’re looking for. Read the sentence to get a basic understanding of what it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is about. When reading, make note of: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Clue words that tip you off to the structure of the sentence and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words that will best fit in the blanks. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Punctuation that helps with emphasis and word choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Make Up A Word that Would Fit In Each Blank 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the stem sentence and think of the type of word that would best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complete it WITHOUT looking at the choices. Make a prediction based on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what you infer from the stem sentence. You don’t have to use a fancy word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to make your prediction, since the goal is to capture the right meaning, not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the exact word. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Read through the sentence again with your own word(s) inserted to get a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basic idea of what the sentence needs to make it logically plausible and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatically correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Compare Your Word with the Answer Choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at all five answer choices and pick one that most closely matches the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word you inserted on your own. Eliminate choices that contrast with your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prediction. Sometimes the right answer will simply be a difficult synonym of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word you imagined. For example, suppose you read a sentence, judged 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the clues, and decided that the missing word meant “sad” or something 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 along the lines of “really depressing.” You then look at the answer choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and spot the word lugubrious, which you know from earlier in this chapter, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is a tough vocabulary word that means “extremely sad or depressing.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There’s your answer! It doesn’t matter that you didn’t come up with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word lugubrious to start with. What’s important is that you had the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea, and you used that correct meaning to find the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 80 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Alert!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Put Things into Perspective—or Context, Rather 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use clues within a sentence to determine the context of that sentence. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 miss these subtle clues, then more than one answer choice may seem to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work. This is no unlucky coincidence. The sentences and choices are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deliberately close in meaning in order to make sure you read carefully and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 closely. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every question will have its own context-specific clue words that you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use to find the right answer. Some sentences may also be written in a way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that allow you to maximize the context of the sentence in order to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine (or at least begin to determine) the meanings of words that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should go in the blanks. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The most frequently used context clues for SC questions will come in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 form of: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Contrast/antonym clues 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Definition/explanation clues 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. General/inference clues. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s take a closer look at these common SC clues. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All practice questions in this SC section will have a number in front of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them ranging from [1] to [10]. This is done to simulate an actual SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence Completion section with ten questions ranging from easiest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to hardest. The question here is number 5, meaning that should be of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about medium difficulty. Looking at the answer choices, you can see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that some of these words are tough, but that’s pretty normal for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one-blank-only medium question. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Contrast/Antonym Clues 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Contrast/antonym clues indicate a change or contrast between one thing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the other. Here’s an example: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 [5] Unlike his earlier paintings, which attracted lukewarm response and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were considered ______, his mid-career retrospective has received 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 praise for its energetic originality and complexity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this SC question, your first clue is the first word of the sentence, “unlike.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you read on, you see that the sentence is basically contrasting an artist’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 earlier work to his later work. Since the artist’s later work was considered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 energetic, original, and complex, your job is to think of the opposite of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 81 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those words to fill in the blank. Some contrasting words might be boring, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bland, unoriginal, and simplistic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With one of these possible words in mind, you can zero in on the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choice can be done by eliminating words that don’t match your own 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 [5] Unlike his earlier paintings, which attracted lukewarm response and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were considered ______, his mid-career retrospective has received 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 praise for its energetic originality and complexity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) insipid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) laconic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) novel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) prudish 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) profuse 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The words boring, bland, or simplistic would seem to fit in the blank, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are not among the answer choices. So, which of these words is close in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning to boring, bland or simplistic? Answer choice (C) is a positive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word that means “original” or “new,” so it is the opposite of what you’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looking for. It’s there to catch students who didn’t get the fact that the word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unlike created a contrast between the artist’s new work and his old. Choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A), insipid, has similar meaning to boring and unoriginal. It’s your answer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and you can feel good about picking it because you anticipated it—or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something like it—would be in the answer choices. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Definition/Explanation Clues 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes you’ll see an SC question that actually defines or explains the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word you’re looking for. These often come with helpful punctuation in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 form of colons or semicolons which break the flow of the sentence and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indicate elaboration of some kind, usually on the missing word. The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 structure is loosely based on a common dictionary format, which presents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 the word followed by a colon and its explanation. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 [8] Mrs. Crumb has long been considered a __________; she always 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insists that her students follow her classroom procedures without 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exception. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) hypocrite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) dilettante 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) martinet 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) martyr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) sycophant 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 82 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this question, you can see how the semicolon breaks the sentence between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the missing word and its explanation. Looking at this context, the missing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word should be something that indicates strictness and unwavering 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attitude, based on the description of Mrs. Crumb as a pretty inflexible 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 person. Equipped with this description, you can bet that the answer won’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be martyr, which means, “someone who makes sacrifices to further a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cause,” since that doesn’t make any sense whatsoever given the sentence’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 setting. You can eliminate choice (D) right off the bat. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Hard SC problems can have some tough words in the answer choices, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this can be a bit frustrating. You might approach a sentence, decipher the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clues well enough to divine the sentence’s meaning, and then come up with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a good word. But then you look down at the answer choices and find five 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words you’ve never seen before. This illustrates how your knowledge of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary plays an important part in your overall reading score. Before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you snap your Number 2 pencil in fury, know that there are still techniques 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can use to answer an SC question even if you don’t know what some of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer choice words are. These techniques will be covered later in this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chapter. Until then, keep learning vocabulary! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It turns out Mrs. Crumb is a martinet, someone very strict about rules. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Inference/General Context Clues 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another aspect of answering sentence completions involves your ability to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make inferences. Making inferences can be tricky, because the process 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 involves combining evidence you see in the sentence in combination with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your own experiences and knowledge. Words or phrases will not be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 immediately clarified in these SC questions, because it’s your job to infer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their meanings and relationships to each other and the sentence as a whole. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You’ll have to draw on your prior knowledge of the sentence’s key words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and how you’ve seen them used in the past. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In these instances, you have to rely on your own powers of inference—the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ability to piece together meaning from contextual clues in the sentence and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what you already know or can deduce. The process is complicated by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 types of words missing. These absent words are often forms of verbs or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adjectives, which can be used in a variety of contexts and aren’t bound to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular subject or topic. Careful reading is key here, and you must also be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aggressive and take a guess or two about the missing word. You might guess 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrong at first, but taking charge of the question will lead you to the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer more often than not. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 83 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 [4] Due to destructive fishing practices, such as bycatch, certain seafood 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 populations are in __________ decline. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) steep 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) temperate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) voluminous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) erratic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) halting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With this SC question, you can see how inferring meaning comes from the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clues plus your own prior knowledge. The first word clues are Due to, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which tells you that one thing caused another—due to this, that is the result. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The next clue is the phrase destructive practices. This is the actual cause of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something, and it wasn’t positive, since the word destructive means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something negative. Having prior knowledge of the fishing term bycatch 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could help you here, but you don’t need to know what it means. You can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 infer that it’s not a good method, simply from the way it’s used as an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example of destructive fishing. The last clue comes at the end—decline. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Usually a decline indicates something negative, too. So based on your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowledge of these words, and the cause/effect pattern of this sentence, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word you’re looking for should be something negative. It might be a word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like dangerous, scary, or depressing, or it might be an adjective that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reinforces the word decline. Answer choice (A), steep, reinforces the severity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the decline, and it’s the best answer of the lot. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Clue in to Clue Words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence completion questions will often contain some type of signal or key 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word. These words sometimes reinforce the way a sentence is going, like the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word and in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Everyone on the tour was thrilled by the grand and __________ palace. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For such a small sentence, it’s got a ton of clues. You know that it’s a grand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 palace, and that everyone was thrilled. The word after and is going to keep 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up the positive, gushy-gushy nature of this sentence. Think of something 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like magnificent or exquisite. They mean roughly the same thing, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exquisite is the less common word. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Words like and make things easier since they continue the flow of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. You won’t get too many of these on the softball SC questions on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT, but when you do, hit them out of the park. Words that change the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 direction of a sentence occur more often than words that continue the flow. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This makes sense, since it’s a simple way to make a sentence tougher to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decipher. The word Unlike in the previous example on page 82 is one word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 84 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that changes the flow. You saw how the artist started out as insipid, but then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ended up being energetically original. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The following words are all clue words that either continue or change the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 flow of a sentence. Review the words and determine for yourself if each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word is likely to change the flow or continue the flow. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 while until but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unlike so however 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before for and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 never because although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even though still despite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore but unfortunately 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as a result not regardless 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 due to by contrast actually 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 after 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look for these words whenever you read and you will see them in action, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 changing the context of a sentence faster than a speeding bullet. Once you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 start looking for them, you’ll find them everywhere, including the pages of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this book. (I confess that I am a big fan of however.) If you spend time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 learning how they work on non-SAT sentences, it will help you whenever 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you encounter them on an SAT sentence completion question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 By now, you should have a fairly good idea of how to approach a SC 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem. Here’s a sample question and step-by-step discussion of proper 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strategy in case you are a little fuzzy about anything. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 [4] Although no bigger than a bottle cap, the coqui frog emits a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ________ screech as loud as a vacuum cleaner. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) keen 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) malodorous 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) strident 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) subtle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) reticent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 1: Decode the Sentence for Meaning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t worry about whether you’ve ever heard of a coqui frog before. All 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you need to know about this little fellow is the kind of noise it makes. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wanted to restate the sentence in your own words, you could say something 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like, “The sentence deals with a little frog that makes a noise that sounds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like a household appliance.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 85 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now, focus on any clue words. The clue word although signals a contrast 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the appearance of the frog and what it can do. Even though the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frog is super small, it can be as loud as a vacuum cleaner. Vacuum cleaners 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are typically pretty loud. Adding the fact that this tiny creature’s call is being 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compared to a vacuum cleaner’s noise means it can’t be pleasant. How 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many vacuum cleaners purr like a kitten? Other contextual clue words are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 screech as loud as. A screech is an unpleasant sound. Taking all these clues 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 into account, what you’re looking for is a word that shows how loud, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 annoying, this frog can be. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 2: Supply Your Own Word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you were to supply your own word for the blank, what would it be? Say 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence aloud in your mind, including “blank” for the blank space. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Doing this can help activate your brain into substituting appropriate words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to complete the sentence. The question is asking for an adjective that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describes the quality of the sound the coqui frog makes. You’re looking for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a word that deals with sound, and an unpleasant sound at that. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some possibilities: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although no bigger than a bottle cap, the coqui frog emits a harsh, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 annoying, noisy, irritating screech as loud as a vacuum cleaner. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 3: Compare Your Word(s) to the Answer Choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the choices to see which word(s) works. Which of these choices best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 match your imagined word? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) wouldn’t work, since keen can mean “sharp” or “sensitive.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Neither definition is what you are looking for. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B) is out, because the frog isn’t stinky, just noisy, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 malodorous basically means “bad smelling.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C), strident, could work, and if you were unsure about its 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning, you’d have to go on to the other choices before making a final 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 selection. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (D) and (E) don’t work either, because they just plain don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make sense. Something subtle is something that’s hard to notice, and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frog doesn’t seem reticent, or “unwilling,” to belt out sound, especially 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 if it’s compared to a vacuum cleaner. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So, it’s back to choice (C), strident. Because everything else has been 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminated for good reason, that’s your answer. In this case, you didn’t find 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the right answer so much as cross out all the wrong answers and pick the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 86 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only answer remaining. That’s good, since it shows how using good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 technique can help you get a right answer even if you don’t know what a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word means. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Blankity-Blank: Sentence Completions with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Two Words Missing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A sentence completion with two blanks is both a blessing and a curse. It’s a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blessing since both words have to work in the sentence, which can make 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminating some answer choices easy. It’s a curse since you have to figure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out the relationship between the two words in the pair before determining 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which answer choices will most logically complete the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With these SC questions, it’s all about relationship. How do the missing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words relate to each other? Do they compare and contrast? Do they 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 establish a cause and effect? Are they synonyms or antonyms? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With two-blank sentences, there are two things to remember: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Figure out the relationship between the pair of words. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Both words in the answer choices have to work in the blanks. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although there are two blanks, these are still SC problems. This means you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should follow the same basic steps you did with a one-blank problem. Use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clues in the sentence and try to figure out which words best fit in the blanks. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes you’ll find clues in the pair of missing words in the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices rather than in the sentence. To describe this, think of this sentence 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about the weather. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The weather this afternoon was __________ and __________. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are no clues in the sentence to tell you how the weather is. However, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you do know the relationship between the two missing words. They’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 related, linked together by the continue-the-flow word and. If your choices 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hot. .cold wet. .muggy dry. .humid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer would have to be the words wet and muggy. The other two 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices contain words that are opposite in meaning, and you know from the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word and that the two words have to be similar in meaning. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 87 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 [9] Despite Nikolai Tesla’s contemporary status as a __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientist, people in the 1800s initially considered his ideas about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wireless communication highly __________. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) admirable. .plausible 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) frivolous. .spurious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) laudable. .farcical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) loathed. .licentious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) talented. .prescient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First read for the gist of the sentence. Basically, the sentence deals with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change in people’s perception and attitude toward Tesla over time. The clue 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words that indicate this transition are despite, contemporary, and people in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the 1800s initially. Despite signals a contrast between the way people think 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of him now (contemporary), and the way people in the 1800s initially 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thought of him in his own day. More specifically, people’s attitudes toward 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tesla have changed as a result of technological advances in the wireless 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 communications industry. In the 1800s, scientists were still working on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 getting electricity up and running, and wires were a big part of making this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 happen. So wireless communication back then may have seemed as wacky a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concept as sending a man to the moon, which we know is not such an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impossible feat, either. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you were to predict what words that might fill in the blanks, what would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they be? To do this, use your understanding of the sentence’s logic and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning. The relationship between the two blanks is one of contrast. Both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words will be adjectives describing that contrast, so the words will have 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposite meanings. Since Tesla’s status has changed for the better, the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word should be one indicating a positive attitude about his reputation. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second blank is negative in connotation, since Tesla’s own contemporaries 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were skeptical about anything so ahead of its time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Looking at the relationship between these missing words, generate your 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own words to fill in the blanks: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Despite Nikolai Tesla’s contemporary status as a great, smart, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 innovative, clever, respected scientist, people in the 1800s initially 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considered his ideas about wireless communication highly wacky, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 off-base, unbelievable, impossible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The best way to attack a two-blank SC problem is to go one blank at a time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember, both words need to work in their respective blanks equally well. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you work one blank at a time, you can use POE to help you eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices that are half-great, half-bad. All too often, students working a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two-blank SC problem pick an answer that has one word that works great 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 88 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even though the second word is not a good fit. They do this because they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t look at each blank individually. If you do, you will end up with an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer that has two words that work in the sentence, even if they’re not the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most spectacular pair. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Think of these as a pair of shoes—both should fit equally well in order 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to balance out the sentence’s logic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For this sample question, start with the first blank. (The order is not really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important, and you can start with the second word if you want that to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your “thing.”) You want a positive adjective to describe Tesla’s reputation, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so you are looking for a word along the lines of great, smart, innovative, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clever, respected. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) admirable. .plausible 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) frivolous. .spurious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) laudable. .farcical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) loathed. .licentious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) talented. .prescient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (B) and (D) are definitely out. Frivolous doesn’t make any sense; his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas in his heyday may have seemed frivolous, but not now. Also, Tesla 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 isn’t loathed today, he’s actually respected. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 By using POE and working one blank at a time, you give yourself an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 advantage on every two-blank question. If you had no idea what was in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second blank of this problem, you would still have a one-in-three chance of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 getting it correct now that (B) and (D) are crossed out. If you don’t know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 any of the vocabulary words in the remaining three answer choices, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could still take a guess. Odds of one-in-three might not sound great, but on 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a hard problem they’re pretty good. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Guessing aside, choices (A), (C), and (E) require some closer inspection. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first words of these pairs could all work, since they positively describe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tesla’s status. Move on to the second word in each pair and compare them 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 to your predictions for the second blank. Which word most closely matches 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wacky, off-base, unbelievable, or impossible? Plausible is the opposite of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impossible, so choice (A) can be eliminated. Your next choice is farcical, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which means “ridiculous,” based on the word farce. So choice (C) might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work, since you want a word that is close in meaning to wacky or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unbelievable. Before choosing (C), you have to look at choice (E). Prescient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means “to have foresight.” Someone who is prescient is someone who is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 89 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ahead of his time. Tesla was ahead of his time if he was able to come up with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wireless communication, but according to the sentence, people thought 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those ideas were ridiculous. So, (E) wouldn’t work. The best answer is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (C). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you didn’t know the meaning of plausible, you may have inferred 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what it means since that word has been used twice already in this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chapter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As the example shows, two-blank SC problems often contain a high number 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of difficult vocabulary words. That’s why working one blank at a time and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 using POE is such an important strategy for these problems. If you do this, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you should be able to eliminate some answer choices and then take a good 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guess. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Positives and Negatives of SC 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thinking in terms of positive and negative can help narrow down answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices when you’ve maxed out other techniques. The positive and negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meanings of words are based in their denotative and connotative meanings. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For instance, the word thrifty conjures up specific ideas and associations in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparison with those for the word stingy. If you were to give a positive or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative sign to these words, chances are thrifty would be positive, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stingy would be negative, although they are very close in meaning. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can determine whether the missing word is supposed to be positive or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative, you can use the “connotative vibe” of that word to generate your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own possible synonyms while eliminating those from the answer choices 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that don’t make sense. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Connotation and Denotation 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every word has at least one denotative and connotative meaning. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easiest way to remember which is which is to connect denotative to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word’s dictionary definition, and connotative to the “gut reaction” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 response you have to the word. Connotative meanings are more 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emotional and suggestive, whereas a word’s denotative meaning is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 literal. Because of the subjective nature of connotations, they can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 positive or negative. Denotations tend to be more neutral. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Use the fact that denote and dictionary both start with the letter “d” to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 link those two concepts together in your head. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 90 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To use the plus/minus method, you should have already gone through the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basic steps for answering a SC question, including coming up with your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own answer. Read the sentence again to see whether the blank or blanks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be filled by a positive or negative word. You can even write a minus 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sign (2) or a plus sign (1) in the blanks to represent the type of word that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should go there. Now, look at the answer choices and eliminate those that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t match the positive/negative connotations of your projected answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Be careful, however, of answer choices that may seem positive or negative, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but also have completely different meanings. If you’re looking for a word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that is positive, and there are three answer choices with positive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connotations, you can’t safely bet that your choice will be correct. You have 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to try some of the other sleuthing methods offered here in this chapter, such 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as looking at the roots/word parts while making connections between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words you know and similarities you see in the answer choices. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To be honest, using positive/negative will never be considered the world’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greatest technique. However, it is yet another tool you have at your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disposal, and can help you get closer to the right answer on certain 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SC problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading Comprehension: So Many Words, So 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Little Time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Most of your time on the Critical Reading section will be spent working on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the longer reading passages. These passages take the most time to read, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they have the most questions attached to them. It makes sense to learn 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about these lengthier passages first, and then move on to the morsel-sized 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (100-word) reading passages. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Long Reading Comprehension Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Reading Comprehension section of the SAT is typical of most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 standardized tests. There’s a passage composed of several paragraphs 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 followed by several multiple-choice questions. You may have one very long 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage, two shorter separate passages, or two paired passages. All of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variations will then have five to thirteen questions after them. The passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 themselves will range from 500 to 800 words. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 91 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This long reading comprehension passages make up a section that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appropriately named Critical Reading (CR), since you will be tested on how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carefully and keenly you read in a short period of time. Not only must you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand what’s happening in the passage, you also need to: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Figure out the meanings of words in context. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Isolate and connect details. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Determine the author’s perspective. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Understand the point of view. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Determine the main idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Those are the main items, but there are others, too. You’ll also be asked to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 infer meaning based on stated details, which is one of the more complex 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tasks of reading. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a nutshell, the CR section tests your reading fluency. It wants to see how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 well you can read for the details, meaning, and message of a text. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading passages are designed to measure your ability to identify genre, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relationships among parts of a text, cause and effect, rhetorical devices, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparative arguments. They will be crafted to more closely reflect the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 types of reading and critical analysis you’re already doing as part of your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 high school coursework. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The passages themselves will come from a range of fields: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Natural Sciences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Humanities 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Social Sciences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Literary Fiction—this is new! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The questions after each passage are NOT arranged by difficulty. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 means that the first question may be the most challenging to answer, rather 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than the last one. Instead, the questions are arranged in rough chronological 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 order as they relate to the passage. For example, a question that relates to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the first sentence in paragraph 1 will appear first in the set of questions that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 follows that passage. Most questions will also include a reference to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific paragraph or line number that corresponds to the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 92 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The directions for this section are quite simple and to the point. They will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look something like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Answer the questions below based on the information in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the accompanying passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Getting Into the Act of Active Reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It would be hard to describe the content of reading passages as “exciting” or 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “riveting.” It could be done, but probably only on a dare. You might find a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage about some historical figure or current trend that you’re really into, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but it’s doubtful. Instead, expect to encounter dry writing about bland 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 topics. Such bland safe writing can be a chore to read, since it can cause 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your mind to wander in search of better things to think about. Worse, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might groan and jump to the questions, randomly choosing answers to put 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself out of your misery. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The way to avoid this trap is to practice active reading, or reading with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purpose. The most obvious purpose is to read to answer the questions. To 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do this, you first want to actively search for the overall idea of the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Often the main idea is connected to the author’s purpose or perspective. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Each paragraph, linked together, forms the whole picture of the passage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the individual paragraphs hold the details that support that main idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you read, try to decipher the author’s main purpose for writing the text, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and what the overall idea might be. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every passage will have a brief italicized introduction before it. Don’t skip 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this! It can offer clues about the author’s purpose and possibly the main idea 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the passage. Besides clues, it will often flat out tell you the type of passage 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it is—an excerpt from a novel, a speech, a journal article, a descriptive essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s an example passage introduction: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The following passage analyzes one of Eudora Welty’s short stories. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You don’t need to know who Eudora Welty is, but note the word analyzes, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which is a word you do know. The purpose of this passage is to analyze the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 story. This means the author will be critical. Knowing this, ask yourself, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “What kind of argument does the author make about this story?” This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 point, or purpose, is basically the main idea of the passage. You want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 figure out the author’s thesis, then look and see what details support this 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 controlling idea—what evidence is there in the passage to back it up. There 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 93 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will only be one central idea in each passage, with lots of supporting details. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading actively will help you trace the development of an argument over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 several paragraphs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a great deal of overlap between actively reading a CR passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and creating your essay for the Writing section of the SAT. For the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading passages, you are analyzing existing writing to understand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how the main idea and supporting details fit together. When you get to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the essay section in Chapter 6, the process will be reversed. You will be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 creating the main idea and supporting details, and the SAT essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 readers will be analyzing your essay the same way you judged the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading passages. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using your pencil is another quality of active reading. Make notations or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underline key points as you read. Each paragraph should have its own main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea, usually conveyed in a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Underline these if you see them. This isn’t a failsafe method, though, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because some paragraphs make their point at the end or combine several 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences to get the idea across to the reader. What you can do is come up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a “main idea” word, phrase, or sentence for each paragraph and jot it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down in the margin. You can use those notes later when delving back into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage to answer specific questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fact vs. Fiction: Types of CR Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the past, the SAT’s reading passages were strictly expository nonfiction, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which means they were very information-based and fact heavy. The new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT will include passages of literary fiction, which is quite different from 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expository writing. Armed with this knowledge, you won’t be thrown by an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 excerpt from Hemingway, followed by an articles about erosion and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Grand Canyon—a juxtaposition (good vocabulary word!) that could 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 happen on the new test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Expository Writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Expository writing is used to explain, describe, give information or inform. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The basic intent is to expose the reader to new ideas, often with the intent to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 persuade or argue. It may include facts, statistics, research findings, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quotations as evidence to support a view. These passages may also include 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more specialized vocabulary. However, any unfamiliar technical words will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be defined in the margins of each passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 94 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Textual 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pattern Description Signal Words While Reading . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Author describes for example, Think about how Description 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a topic through characteristics are the description 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examples, listing supports the main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 features or idea 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 characteristics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Author lists on (date), not long Note how the Sequence/ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 facts, events, after, now, as, sequence connects Chronology 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concepts in before, after, when, to the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chronological or first, second, then, purpose 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerical order finally, during, until 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Author discusses despite, only...but Look for opposites/ Comparison9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contrasting sides similarities or also, meanwhile, Contrast 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the topics differences although, however, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about one or but, as well as, on discussed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more issues, or the other hand, not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aspects of a either...or, while, yet, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topic. unless, nevertheless, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 otherwise, similarly, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 NOTE: Paired 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compared to passages may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 show contrast9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing views on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Author lists cause, effect, Note the “chain Cause-Effect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because, since, reaction” effect of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore, consethe causes and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quently, as a result, effects. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this led to, so, so 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that, nevertheless, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accordingly, if . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then, thus 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Author traces a because, cause, since, Identify the Problem9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem and its therefore, conseproblems first and Solution 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resulting quently, as a result, see what solutions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this led to, so, so are offered. solution 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that, nevertheless, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accordingly, if123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ....then, thus 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 95 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Expository writing from three of the four fields—natural sciences, social 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sciences, and the humanities—will usually fall into one of these formats, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 textual patterns, described in the chart on page 95. These patterns will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 apply to the passages you’ll see from three of the four fields: natural 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sciences, social sciences, and the humanities. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literary Fiction 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A literary fiction passage is like a story. There is a beginning, middle, and an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 end, usually in that order unless the author gets all “artsy” and start things at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the end. The passages could be from a short story or from a novel. Even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 though they will be narrative in nature, the passages may be very descriptive or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 introspective rather than action-based. Most likely the selected passage will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 come from somewhere deep within the source novel or story, with just a simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 italicized blurb before it. The questions will ask you to reflect on and evaluate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some aspect of that passage, such as on a character’s decisions or motivations, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 just as you would the author’s purpose in an expository passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Basic Strategy for Tackling all the Long Critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can approach any text in the same way. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Read the Italicized Introduction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This can often clue you in to the author’s purpose and attitude 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 toward the subject. Note any words that suggest the type of pas9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sage, the kind of argument the author might make, and the pas9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sage’s overall main idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Read the Questions Next 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 People debate back and forth about whether you should read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage first or the questions first. In a perfect world, you would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 read the passage at your leisure and respond at length to any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question asked. Since a timed test is not a perfect world, you have 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to cut corners wherever you can. Read the questions before diving 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 into the passage. You can underline key words in the question 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stems and keep them in mind as you read. The questions will direct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you to the part of the passage that you’ll need to help answer them, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usually in the form of line or paragraph references. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you come across something in a paragraph that connects to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question, mark it in the passage. Often, a question connects to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 detail or issue in the passage that will change or develop through a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 series of paragraphs. If a reference line number is not given, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can use your notes to go back to the passage and double-check 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what the best possible answer may be. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 96 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Skim the Passage, (Keeping Questions In Mind). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Skimming the passage means reading with big but fast eyes— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading as quickly as you can while still understanding the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 material. You should have the questions in mind, and keep a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lookout for details that relate to those questions. At the same time, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’re also reading to get the gist of the passage as a whole. Don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mull over every little detail, since that will just slow you down, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might not be relevant to any of the questions. Think of it as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentally jogging. You’re not sprinting, but not lazily strolling, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Answer the Questions As You Skim the Passage 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Skip harder questions and come back to them after answering the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easier ones. If you come across a question that deals with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 general tone or summary of the passage, you may need to answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the other questions first, simply because the answers to the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions can help give you a good idea as to the overall picture of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the text and a better chance at answering the question correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you answer all the questions, stop reading. The goal is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer questions, not read the passage. Move on to the next 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage and repeat the four steps just described. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2gether 4ever: The Paired Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Most reading passages you encounter will be stand-alone essays, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 occasionally two passages will appear together. These are commonly known 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as the paired reading passages. Paired passages give you two different views 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on a related topic or theme. These views may be related, they may contrast, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or they may connect or support one another. Some questions will pertain to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a specific passage, and others will relate to both passages together. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Imagine two passages praising peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first passage talks about the history of peanut butter, while the second 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage focuses on how grape jelly is made. Both passages talk about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pb&j sandwiches, but they have different views about the same topic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Definitely answer all the questions on the first passage first and then answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all the questions about the second passage. Then move on to the questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that refer to both passages. Be mindful that since these questions are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arranged chronologically, those on both passages may not necessarily be the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hardest, but answering them last gives you the added advantage of having 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 97 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thought about the passages more by responding to them individually with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their own questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Paired passages may look strange, but you should handle them as you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would any other stand-alone RC passages. The only real difference is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dual-passage questions. Before tackling these problems it helps to ask 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself, “How are the two passages related to each other?” “Do they 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contrast viewpoints, or do they agree?” Understanding the similarities and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 differences between the two passages will help you answer the question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about both passages. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the dual passage questions seem tough to you, simply save the paired 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages until the end and answer all the other questions in the section first. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can then answer all the one passage questions first. If you don’t have a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 great deal of time to spend on the dual passage questions, look them over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and see if you can take an educated guess. These problems typically require 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some work to answer, and there are better ways to earn points than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spending large amounts of time answering them. Another way to state this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is to say, “Don’t rush through easier problems in order to have more time to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work on difficult, involved questions. Every question counts the same.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Critical Reading Question Types: Seeing the Forest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the Trees 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 According to the College Board, there are three categories of questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following the critical reading passages: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question Description 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vocabulary covers vocabulary used in a specific context in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in Context passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literal deals with supporting details and ideas, marked by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Comprehension the use of line or paragraph references. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Extended requires you to synthesize and analyze information. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reasoning These questions include identifying cause and effect, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 making inferences, recognizing implications, evaluat123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing the author’s assumptions and purpose, and follow9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing the logic of an argument. Most of the questions in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this section will be in this category. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 98 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are variations of these question types that we’ll break down further. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After learning about each of them, you’ll get a chance to see them in action 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in connection with the sample passage on page 106. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vocabulary-in-Context Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vocabulary-in-context questions are very direct. They ask you about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning of a vocabulary word within a specific context in the passage. They 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 include a line reference and five choices. The words usually have more than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one meaning, which can make the questions tricky. What’s important to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remember is that the most obvious definition of the word is not necessarily 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the best choice. The key is context, and the test-makers will intentionally 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose a word with shades of meaning that are dependent on the context of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vocab-in-Context questions will look something like: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word trifling in line 5 could best be replaced by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In line 53, the word inculcated means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When faced with a vocabulary question, you can apply techniques similar to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the ones used to answer a sentence completion question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Reread the line containing the word or phrase, along with the lines 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 above and below it, especially if the line is the first sentence in a new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. Another good way to state this is to read the sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before the word occurs, the sentence the word occurs in, and then the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence after the word occurs. This should give you sufficient 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context to understand the meaning of the word. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Think of your own word or phrase to replace the one in question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With your substitution in mind, read through the answer choices and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose the one that best matches your own word choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The fact that you use the same strategy on RC vocab questions and SC 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems illustrates an important point. Most strategies are recyclable. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more comfortable you get using them, the more opportunities you find to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use them. The process feeds on itself, and this is why it’s important for you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to try strategies and techniques on all the sample questions you encounter in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this book. The better acquainted you become with the strategies, the easier 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it will be for you to use them on the real SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 99 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Phrase/Expression Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Chances are good that you’ll see at least one of these questions. A common 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 phrase or expression is framed in quotation marks or italicized, and you’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 asked to either interpret its meaning or decide how or why it is used by the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author. In some cases, these questions are similar to vocabulary-in-context 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, because they ask you to paraphrase the highlighted phrase. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other situations, you have to first interpret its meaning, and then figure out 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what the author meant—the intention behind the expression, so to speak. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Phrase/Expressions questions will look like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In context, nail-biting experience (line 23) suggests that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The phrase back on his feet (line 49) most nearly means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To solve these questions, apply the same techniques you used to solve the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary-in-context questions. (Recycling at work again!) The phrase can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be translated into more common words with more obvious connotative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meanings. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literal Comprehension Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literal comprehension questions can be the most straightforward and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easiest of the types of questions you’ll see in this section. Some questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will focus on textual details. Others will involve the technical aspects of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage, such as its organization, the author’s techniques, and details that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support the main idea. Some of the answers to these are literally located 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 within the passage, and other answers are paraphrases of actual lines. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Answering other comprehension questions might involve rereading and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understanding the passage, but skimming can be your best tactic with literal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comprehension questions. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literal comprehension questions can look like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In line 5, the animal described is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All of these factors support the author’s point of view except— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The author’s point about the role of the media is made mainly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The last three sentences in the passage provide— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To answer these questions, use your notations and any key words in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question that direct you to a specific part of the passage. The answers can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 help with this, too. Use them to fact check against what was actually stated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the passage. If only part of the answer applies, then it isn’t a good choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 100 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literary Terms Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 On the new SAT, there will be some questions containing literary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terminology. These should be terms you’ve seen before in your English or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 literature classes, such as simile, personification, and metaphor. The more 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obscure or unusual terms won’t be included. Brushing up on the most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 popular literary terms is a good idea for two reasons—familiarity will make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it easier to deal with these types of questions and can save you time. Use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following chart as a reference for literary terms, their definitions, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examples of each. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literary Term Definition Example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Simile Comparison of two different Love is like a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things or ideas through the blooming rose. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use of the words like or as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Metaphor Comparison without the use Love is a rose. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of like or as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Personification A type of metaphor. It gives The rose spoke of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inanimate objects or abstract love. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas human characteristics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Hyperbole Extreme, outrageous She wore so much 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exaggeration used for effect makeup she had to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use a chisel to get it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 off. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Irony Statement that says one The roses lasted 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thing but means the opposite much longer than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their love. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Symbol An object that stands for The rose represents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something else love. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tone The attitude created by the The author’s tone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author, indicated through can range from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 optimistic and joyful word choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to pessimistic and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 depressing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sweet sorrow, Oxymoron Type of paradox that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 beautiful disaster. combines a pair of contrary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terms into a single 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expression 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 101 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Literary Term Definition Example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mood The atmosphere or tone of a The mood is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 literary work connected to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emotions—how the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reader feels when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In Dante’s Divine Allegory Any writing that has a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Comedy, the double meaning—the first 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 character Beatrice literal meaning, and a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 represents both the second more symbolic/ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actual woman Dante conceptual meaning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knew and his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concept of divine 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revelation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Standardized tests Allusion Reference to a mythological, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can be a person’s literary, historical, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Achilles heel. Biblical person, place, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Don Quixote is Parody A work that mimics the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Cervantes’s parody manner and characteristics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of a medieval of a particular literary work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 romance. in order to make fun of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those same features. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Paradox Contradictory statement Youth is wasted on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that seems absurd but the young. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reveals a truth 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Brushing up on these terms is the best way to arm yourself for literary terms 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. Simile, metaphor, and personification are easier to recognize than 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some of the others simply because they are so pervasive in speaking and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writing inside and outside of a literature class. If you can’t readily come up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with an example for a particular term in the chart, make learning the term a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 priority and learn it well so it doesn’t become your Achilles’ heel. (Ah ha! 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Allusion!) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Extended Reasoning Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A lot of extended-reasoning questions will have the word “author” in them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 They can be about a variety of things—the author’s purpose, opinion, tone, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you name it. What they’re really asking is for you to make inferences in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 order to answer the question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 102 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You have to draw a conclusion or make an assumption based on what is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 implied in the passage. In other words, you have to infer meaning by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading between the lines. Answering these questions is very much like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answering SC problems, since once again you have to find clues that will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lead you to the correct answer. The clues for an extended-response question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are found in the passage sentences. You have to analyze the connotative and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 denotative meanings of words, incorporating the other bits and pieces of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information you gleaned while reading, and consider the author’s purpose 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and attitude. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One trick when answering these questions is to disregard answer choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that repeat something that was mentioned explicitly in the passage. You’re 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looking for what is not said, rather than what is. Since the range of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions is larger in scope than in the other two question categories, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 major question stems you’re likely to see are discussed here so you can zone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in on those that are more challenging or sneaky, depending on your level of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preparedness and familiarity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Following are some variations of extended-reasoning questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Tone/Attitude Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tone questions will ask you to figure out the author’s attitude toward a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject, a character, or the reader. These questions could also involve a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 character’s attitude, since literary fiction passages will undoubtedly involve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 characters and their motivations or feelings. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Usually when you interpret tone, it involves words said aloud in tandem with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word choice. In these situations, you’re interpreting the tone of some9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one’s voice along with what is said. Unfortunately, in written work you can’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actually hear the author read aloud the passage to figure out how he feels 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about it, so all you can do is look carefully at the words the author uses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For an example of how voice affects tone, consider a science teacher 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 saying, “You did what?” Think about how this phrase would sound 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 after you told your teacher that you just melted down the lab because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you were napping. Now think about how those same words would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sound after you told your science teacher you just figured out a way to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 travel faster than light. The first statement would have an angry tone, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 while the second utterance would have a bewildered, incredulous tone. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 103 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Example of tone/attitude questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The author’s description of the tenement conditions in lines 47–53 is . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The character’s attitude toward the changes in her hometown since the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hurricane can best be described as one of . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which best describes the author’s view of the rights of teenagers? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Being prepared for tone/attitude questions is easier if you think about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author’s attitude as you skim, and try to categorize it as positive, negative, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or neutral. The attitude can be linked to the purpose. If the purpose is very 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 informational, then the author’s attitude may be neutral, especially if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can’t figure out how he feels one way or the other about the topic at hand. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are no hard-and-fast correlations between purpose and attitude, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowing that one influences the other, can help you identify clues such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word choice and supportive details to determine whether the author’s tone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is critical versus comical, for instance. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although there’s no trick to answering these questions, the right answer is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usually not the most radical or extreme of the choices. Regardless of how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emphatic an author may seem about the topic at hand, the correct answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will never be extreme or worded so strongly as to make the author sound 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 too wacky or irrational. If the question refers to a specific sentence or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph, concentrate on the connotative meanings of the words in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. If the question addresses a larger portion of the passage or the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage as a whole, keep in mind what the author said that gave you an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impression of how he/she feels about his/her topic. Especially note if the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tone changes throughout the passage, since that’s prime material for a juicy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. Probably the best tactic for solving these problems is to read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question and come up with your own answers, just as you would for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions about main idea and author’s purpose. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Author’s Purpose or Intent Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 You might think that you have to be a mind reader to figure out what the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author really means or suggests by saying something. Actually, you just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to be a careful reader. Author’s purpose questions involve asking you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to figure out why the author made the decisions he or she made in writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Questions of this type might resemble: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the third paragraph, the author mentions faded roses in order to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emphasize which point about the main character? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 104 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The information in lines 27–31 suggests that the author is very 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concerned about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the second example, the key word is suggests. From this, you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 immediately tell that you’re not looking for a specific fact or statement in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage. Instead, you’re supposed to make an inference about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author’s intention—the message behind the words. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With any variation of this type of question, the answers that seem the most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extreme are likely to be wrong. Think about what the author is advocating 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 overall in the passage, and use that to guide your process of elimination 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the answer choices. Often the italicized introductions to the passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provide more information than you might think about the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perspective, and thus what he or she implies by certain statements 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throughout the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Main Idea or Focus Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you’ve been actively reading, then main idea or focus questions are often 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ripe for the plucking. They’ll ask you to state the main idea that you’ve been 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 searching for while skimming through the passage. These questions may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deal with the main idea of the whole passage, or ask specifically about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 main purpose of a single paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Main Idea/Focus questions start out like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The primary focus of this passage is on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The primary purpose of this passage is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Both passages focus primarily on . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The passage as a whole is most concerned with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you like, you can skip these questions and answer the others first, since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those can help you come to a conclusion about the main idea or theme by 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examining the passage’s details. On the other hand, if you feel you’ve done 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a good job at determining the main idea of the passage, then go and look at 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer choices. If your main idea is stated in some form in the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices, pick that answer and move on. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If a question asks for the main idea of a specific paragraph, look back 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the first and last sentences, since those may provide a clearer picture 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of how an idea was introduced and then concluded in that particular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 105 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Watch out for answer choices that are partially correct. These choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mention smaller ideas or issues from the passage, but are too narrow if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 really step back mentally and think about everything the passage is about. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There will be distractor-like choices which may include an aspect of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage’s main idea, but just miss the mark a little. So, again, reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actively while you skim can help keep these diversionary choices out of your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line of vision when concentrating on the big picture of a passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Applying the Four-Step Process to Critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now it’s time to put your skills and strategies to work all at once. Read 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through this passage and then answer the questions that follow. After you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take a shot at answering each question, read through the explanations for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them, pinpointing any question types that you need more practice on. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Answer the questions below based on the information in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the accompanying passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The following passage is excerpted from a popular journal of humanities. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line Initially considered an indulgence for the affluent, the growing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trend in spa vacations in tandem with the burgeoning number of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 day spas sprouting up throughout metropolitan areas will soon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make them as ubiquitous as other traditional retreats. Yet, this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trend in relaxation and rejuvenation has its roots in an ancient (5) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and well-perfected form of bathing. The founders of this growth 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 industry were none other than the Romans, who merged together 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their mastery of intricate engineering, their love of cleanliness, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and their desire to dominate and convert conquered subjects to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their favored lifestyle through the establishment of bathing as a (10) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessary pastime. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The art of bathing has been practiced for centuries, dating 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 back to early Egypt; historians assert that Egyptian palaces 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contained bathing rooms, although scant physical remains exist 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 today. Bathing also played an important role in the lives of the (15) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Greeks, supported with archaeological evidence of bathing rooms 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 located in the palace of Knossos, circa 1700 B.C. Yet, it was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 during the heyday of the Roman Empire that bathing was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elevated to a level of sophistication and complexity yet to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replicated in even the most elite and fancy resorts. (20) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 106 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The intricate and systematic ritual of Roman bathing is most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revealing via the architectural structure of the baths, or thermae, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 themselves. Beyond each thermae’s entrance was usually an open 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 courtyard, called a palaestra, which could be considered the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forerunner to a modern gymnasium. In this courtyard, visitors (25) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would exercise to elevate body temperatures and perspire, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was seen as a prerequisite to entering the baths. While men 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 engaged in more vigorous forms of exertion, such as lifting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weights or wrestling, women usually swam or tried their hand at 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a more feminine pursuit called Trochus, a game involving rolling (30) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a metal hoop with a hooked stick. Post exercise, the apodyterium 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 allowed bathers space to change and prepare for bathing, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equivalent to today’s locker rooms. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The most noteworthy feature of the baths involved a series of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rooms with controlled air and water temperatures. The first in (35) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sequence, the tepidarium, or warm room, was a place for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 further bathing preparation; a slave would use a metal instru9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment called a strigil to scrape dirt, sweat, and oil from the body. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Depilation was also available for those more hirsute bathers, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reflecting the fashionable obsession with hairless bodies. After (40) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 having one or more of these “spa treatments,” bathers would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 submerge themselves in tepid, lukewarm water. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The hottest room in the bath’s labyrinth contained a large 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pool approximately three feet in depth. The calidarium served to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 create a very steamy atmosphere to open the pores and release (45) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 toxins from the body. The air and water remained a constant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 high temperature well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, heated by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the ingenious under floor heating system called the hypocaust. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Scholars still marvel today at the effectiveness of this brilliantly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 efficient furnace system below ground that transported water to (50) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the appropriate pool while drawing hot air underneath the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 flooring and through its hollow-brick walls. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The actual order of bathing activities has been a contentious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topic among scholars, since no actual documents remain that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 outline the order in which each room was used in the baths. (55) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Other steam rooms, such as the sudatorium or laconicum, may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have diverted bathers on their path to the final destination, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frigidarium. In this cold room, bathers would commence their 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cleansing practices by immersing themselves in cold water, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 closing their pores and leaving refreshed. (60) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 107 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The function of Roman baths served much more than to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cleanse the body. Baths were often the nexus of social interaction, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acting as a community center, fitness and health facility, and a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 source of public entertainment. The bathing complex often 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 included a performance area where local entertainment from (65) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 juggling to philosophical oratory was offered as icing on the cake 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the overall experience. Food and drink were available to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purchase, and often whole families would come to socialize and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recreate while attending to their personal hygiene. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The societal significance of these baths is also mirrored in (70) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their opulent decoration and extensive statuary, many of which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were plundered over time for use in later structures and monu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ments. The elaborate mosaics and frescoes that adorned the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 floors and walls of many bathing rooms stand as further cultural 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and architectural evidence of how the baths were revered for (75) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their form and function in ancient Roman society. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The word merged in line 7 most nearly means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) enhanced. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) combined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) separated. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) connected. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) compressed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. In paragraph 2, the author’s inclusion of the history of bathing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 primarily serves to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) discuss the evolution of an ancient practice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) explain why bathing is an important ritual. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) establish a basis/context for the rest of the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) compare ancient practices to modern methods. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) emphasize other cultures that practiced the ritual. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. According to paragraph 3, after entering each thermae, bathers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) change into their bathing clothes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) exercise in the open courtyard. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) play games such as Trochus. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) scrape their bodies with a strigil. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) elevate their body temperatures. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 108 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. In paragraph 5, the author’s description of the underground furnace 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 system is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) didactic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) enthusiastic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) pretentious. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) admiring. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) colloquial. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. The information in lines 56–60 primarily serves to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) illustrate the debate about the bathing sequence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) show the complexity of bathing structures. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) offer other alternatives to the bathing sequence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) refute the bathing sequence outlined by scholars. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) explain the importance of the final bathing room. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. In context, the phrase icing on the cake (line 66) means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) extra food. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) required activity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) free dessert. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) amusing bonus. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) open performances. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. The information in the last paragraph provides 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) a summary of the points made earlier. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) an additional aspect of the main topic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) a reason for the significance of the topic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) an explanation of the topic’s importance. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) a context for why baths were used. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. The primary focus of this passage is on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) the similarities between modern-day spas and ancient baths. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) the evolution of bathing over time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) the significance of bathing to the Romans. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) the ancient ritualized process of Roman bathing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) the architectural and cultural significance of Roman bathing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 109 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Explanation of Questions and Answers 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 1: Vocabulary-in-Context 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is B. This is a perfect example of a vocabulary-in-context 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. To find a synonym for merged that fits the context, go back to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actual sentence in the paragraph. You can see how merged is used to show 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how baths joined together three different elements considered important to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Romans—engineering, cleanliness, and converting/controlling their sub9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 jects. So B is the best replacement word. The Romans combined those con9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cepts, rather than keeping them separate, yet close together. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (A) and (E) don’t make sense in this context, because they didn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improve upon these things or compact them together. Choice (C) is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 antonym of the word’s meaning, so that can also be eliminated. Choices (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (D) are similar, yet (D) has connotations of three separate things placed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side by side, rather than being blended together. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 2: Author’s Purpose/Intent; Literal Comprehension 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is C. This question asks you to determine the purpose of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the historical background about bathing in relation to the passage as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whole. To see how this connects to the whole passage, you have to think 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about what the majority of the passage discusses. The passage is not just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about the history of bathing. It’s mostly about the layout and use of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 baths by the Romans. The background information about Egyptians and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Greeks helps establish a context for why the passage details Roman baths 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 instead of their predecessors’ versions. So, choice (C) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is true in general about the content of paragraph 2, but it’s not the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purpose of that paragraph. The paragraph states that bathing was impor9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tant, but it doesn’t mention why, so choice (B) is wrong, too. Choice (D) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 irrelevant, since the paragraph doesn’t make comparisons between the past 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the present, even though the last sentence makes reference to contem9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 porary spa resorts. Choice (E) is partially correct, since the paragraph men123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions other cultures that also believed bathing was important. However, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purpose of this information goes back to supporting the rest of the passage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which is about the development and importance of Roman baths. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 3: Literal Comprehension 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is B. This question involves asking you to sequence events 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the order mentioned in the passage. After thinking of the answer on your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own, compare your answer to what happens next in the paragraph. From 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lines 25–27, you can see that after entering the thermae, “visitors would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exercise to elevate body temperatures” before changing for the baths. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct answer is choice (B). Choices (A), (D), and (E) occur after the initial 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exercise, and choice (C) is specific only to women, according to the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 110 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4: Author’s Tone/Attitude 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is D. This question asks you to determine the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tone for a specific paragraph. To answer this, you have to look back at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words the author uses to describe the furnace. In lines 48–50, the adjectives 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “ingenious” and brilliantly efficient” are used to describe the furnace 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 system, which sounds like the author thinks as highly of this system as the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scholars who “marvel” at it even today. The author’s attitude seems very 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complimentary and flattering. Scanning the answer choices, the best match 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is choice (D) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (A) and (E) don’t match, since the author is not trying to moralize 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nor does he use very informal language. Even if the author seems a little 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formal or pretentious in other paragraphs, you’re concentrating only on one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 part of the passage—the description of the hypocaust, so choice (C) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrect. Although the author is very positive about the furnace system, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (B) is not as close to the author’s tone as is choice (D), since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enthusiastic has connotations related more to excitement than to admira9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion and respect, which is the effect created by the adjectives used in lines 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 48–50. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 5: Literal Comprehension 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is A. This question asks you to look at how one sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supports or explains another. The first sentence in the paragraph states that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scholars aren’t exactly sure in what order the ancient Romans used the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bathing rooms. The line referred to in the question is the next sentence in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the paragraph. That sentence mentions other rooms that were a part of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sequence, but the words “may have diverted” suggest that the author is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure about when bathers used these rooms or not. So, the ideas in this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence support the first, offering examples of what is mentioned in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 previous sentence. The correct answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In terms of the other choices, B and E are not supported in that specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. The complexity of the bathhouses comes from the passage as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whole, and only the purpose of the final bathing room is discussed. Choice 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) is partially accurate, since lines 56-60 point out other bathing rooms, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but don’t offer up a different bathing sequence that may have been used. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) is the opposite of what you want, since you’re looking for an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer that supports, not negates, the ideas already mentioned in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph’s previous sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 6: Phrase/Expression 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is D. This question is a variation of a vocabulary-in9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context question. To answer this one, look back at the sentence. Read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 111 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence with that phrase missing, and substitute your own answer. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should’ve come up with something like “interesting benefit.” Looking at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices, the closest in meaning to the phrase used in context is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (D) Choices (A) and (C) don’t make sense, since the only reference to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 food is in the next sentence. The juggling and other entertainment discussed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is not mandatory to watch, so choice (B) is wrong. Choice (E) is redundant, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and therefore doesn’t make sense if substituted for the phrase in question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 7: Literal Comprehension 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is B. The last paragraph raises the social importance of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the baths by mentioning the tile work and other art Romans used as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decoration in the baths. This is the first time it is discussed in the passage, so 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the best answer is choice (B). The paragraph doesn’t summarize any of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other points made, so choice (A) can be eliminated. Choices (C), (D), and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) don’t make sense if you think about what they are really saying. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 8: Main Idea/Focus 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is D. To answer this question, you have to think about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what the majority of the passage is about. What does the author focus on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most? The best answer is choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bathing is definitely significant to the Romans, but the passage concentrates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more on the layout and use of the bathhouses, and only toward the end 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 refers to the cultural and social importance of the baths, so you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate choice (C). Choice (A) is wrong, since modern-day spas are only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentioned in the first paragraph. The evolution of bathing is referred to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 early in the passage, but is not revisited, so choice (B) can also be eliminated. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E) only includes part of what the passage is about, so that’s not a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you look at the passage and simply count up the number of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraphs devoted to each answer choice, you’ll see how the middle 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4–5 paragraphs discuss the ritualized process of Roman bathing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Other choices, like (C) and (E), appear in single paragraphs, but they 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are not the larger focus of the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you had no problems answering any of these questions, you should feel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good about your chances on the long SAT reading passages. You’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obviously doing things like actively reading and going back to find the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer in the passage correctly. If you missed some questions, use this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 opportunity to learn from your mistakes. Look over the questions you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 missed and determine where you made the error. Did you forget to go back 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 112 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the passage to find the answer? Did you have a clear picture of the main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea when you finished skimming it? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Learning new techniques can take some time, and everyone is going to miss 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a question or two during the learning process. Take the time to practice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these techniques, since they will give you your best shot at a good score on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the real SAT, the only test that matters. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Paragraph-Length Critical Reading: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pint-sized but Feisty Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The College Board didn’t leave you empty-handed when they eliminated the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 analogies. Instead, the test now contains “snack-sized” versions of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 longer critical reading passages. These paragraph-length passages are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 approximately 100 words long, followed by two to four multiple-choice 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions in the same format and style as those for the longer reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although these compact passages are indeed shorter, they aren’t completely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 harmless. Because they are so short, your “critical eye” as a reader will have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be all the more aware of the stated and inferred meanings of the content. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The College Board refers to these questions as “discrete reading,” which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 translates as, “reading isolated paragraphs closely and carefully.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One thing to remember is that unlike the sentence completions, you don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to rely on experiences or knowledge outside of what is stated in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages. All you need to know to answer the questions will be within the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages themselves. However, you will have to make inferences, since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 directions clearly state that you should answer the questions on the basis of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “what is stated or implied” in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Internalize the directions for the short reading passage section to save 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time. The directions will look similar to this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: The passage below is followed by questions based on its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Types of Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Questions here will be similar to those for longer CR questions. They’ll cut 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the chase, specifically asking about the significance of a particular phrase, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the contextual use of a word, the reason behind an author’s word choice, as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 well as the author’s purpose or attitude. For these questions, you’ll 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 113 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definitely make inferences to help pinpoint the answer. Since the passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are short, the College Board wants to see how well you can make smart 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 assumptions rather than recall information. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some potential question stems are: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • The author most likely mentions the faded wallpaper in order to... 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • According to the passage, it can be most reasonably inferred that . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • According to the passage, Welty aimed to convey through her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writing . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • The reference to the “aging population” (line 3) primarily serves to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emphasize . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Dealing with the Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To answer these questions, apply the same process as that used for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 longer reading passages, EXCEPT for skimming. Skimming will be your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 downfall with these questions. Since you have so little to work with in terms 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of words, every word will count. Don’t memorize the paragraph, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definitely read it both line by line and for its overarching idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Keep in mind the following things when reading these short passages: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Follow the author’s reasoning carefully. Notice the style, the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attitude, and the tone. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • When answering the questions, do so based on what is either stated or 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 implied in the passage. Just because an answer choice is true on its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 own doesn’t make it a correct answer. Example: “Life is not easy.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We’d all agree that this is a true statement, right? Well, it may be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easier for some, but we won’t get into that. Even though you may feel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that this is a true statement, if it is not stated or implied in the passage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then it is not the right answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Try these. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Passage 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line American artist James McNeill Whistler may be best known for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his 1871 painting of his mother seated in a rocking chair, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 very few know of his talents beyond the canvas—that of an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exhibition designer. His monochromatic, spare approach initially 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 threw stuffy Victorian gallery-goers, who were accustomed to (5) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 darkly draperied rooms cluttered with wall-to-wall artwork, into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a tizzy. Dictating the décor of his exhibitions down to the wall 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 114 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 color and flower vases may seem beyond the norm for an artist, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but his nutty micromanaging tendencies actually caused a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 constructive ripple effect on exhibition design, which evolved (10) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 into standard practice for museums and galleries today. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The use of the phrase “threw . . . into a tizzy” (lines 5–7) primarily 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 serves to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) show a contrast between their expectations and the actual 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 experience. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) suggest that Victorians didn’t like change. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) introduce a controversial form of gallery exhibition. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) question a contemporary method of art display. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) challenge the way exhibitions were displayed then. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The author’s tone throughout the passage is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) critical. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 (B) playful. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) mocking. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) sentimental. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) detached 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The correct answer is A. The Victorian reaction to Whistler’s form of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exhibitions was in stark contrast to what they had previously experienced 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and therefore expected when going to see art. That’s Choice (A). Choice B is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrect, because it makes too big of an assumption about Victorian 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attitudes. Choices C, D and E are incorrect because they don’t make logical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sense. The last three choices all have words in them that relate to the overall 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage, but these words are not used in the proper “context.” That word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gets around, doesn’t it? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The correct answer is B. The overall attitude the author conveys is positive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and humorous in tone, through the use of words such as “tizzy” and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “nutty.” The author is not critical but complimentary of Whistler, so choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A is wrong. The author seems involved in the subject, so choice E is out. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices C and D are not supported by the words the author uses to describe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whistler’s impact, so those are also incorrect. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you can see, it’s really just like the long reading passages, only (1) the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages are shorter, and (2) the questions focus on inferences. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 115 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Passage 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line “For all serious daring starts from within,” Eudora Welty stated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in her autobiography’s conclusion. A self-proclaimed “sheltered” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writer, her stories dared to capture a vividly evocative view of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 human life via her zealous imagination. Her form of storytelling, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 steeped in description paired with the bittersweet truth of human (5) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nature and experience, continuously caused critics and admirers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 alike to query Welty’s muse, especially considering her simple, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quiet life in Mississippi. Yet this understated woman ventured 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 often into settings rich with life’s beauty and pain while docu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 menting the Great Depression in photographs for the WPA (10) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 during the 1930s. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. According to the passage, Welty aimed to convey through her writing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) an appreciation of human nature. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) an inventive yet accurate portrait of life. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) a readily accessible story. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) life’s hardships during the 1930s. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) strategies for vivid description. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. The author mentions Welty’s job as a WPA photographer to suggest that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) her work influenced her craft. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) photography was her first passion. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) storytelling is based in the visual realm. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) documenting life is a dual process. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) her daring nature grew from photography. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The correct answer is B. The passage states that Welty strove to combine her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 imagination with the reality of people’s lives. Choice A only contains one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aspect of what Welty strove for in her writing. C and E are incorrect because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage doesn’t indicate either of these assumptions. D is incorrect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it is too narrow and specific. Although Welty may have drawn upon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her experiences as a photographer in the 1930s when writing, there’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nothing in the passage that says her writing reflected only one time period. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. The correct answer is A. The author asks the reader to make the connection 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between how Welty’s writing was influenced by her work experience 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 without coming out and saying so. Choice B is not supported in the passage, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so it is incorrect. Although choices C, D and E may seem true, they have no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relevance to the question, and should be eliminated as wrong answers. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 116 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Take It to the Next Level 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What Makes for a Tough Sentence Completion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Most of the 19 sentence completions you’ll encounter on the SAT will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no-brainers for you. One feature that makes for a no-brainer question is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easy vocabulary. Another feature that makes for a “gimmee” question is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 short, simple sentence—an easily understood statement that doesn’t take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 too many twists or turns as it goes. Here’s an example of the kinds of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straightforward, easy-to-understand sentences and answer choices that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll find in comparatively easy sentence completion questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Many stage actors are intimidated by the __________ of drama 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 critics, whose reviews can determine the fate of a play in a single 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 night. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) tastes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) power 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) expertise 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) criticism 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 (E) reviews 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (B). Of the five word choices, the one that it makes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most sense to be intimidated by is power. And this word makes perfect sense 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the context of the sentence: The ability to determine the fate of a play in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a single night is a good description of a certain type of power. Just for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 record, here’s why none of the four wrong-answer choices can compete 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with (B): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) It makes no sense to be intimidated by tastes, so you can easily 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (A) without even considering the second part of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 117
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Although it might make sense to be intimidated by someone’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “expertise” (knowledge or skill gained from experience), this kind 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of intimidation doesn’t make as much sense as choice (B), when you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consider the second part of the sentence as well. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) It makes no sense to be intimidated by “criticism of drama critics,” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a phrase that suggests that it is the drama critics who are being 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criticized. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) This choice provides a completion that results in the redundant, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 very awkward, use of the word “reviews.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No knowledge of rocket science is needed to handle questions like this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 one! And, believe it or not, you’ll find some SAT sentence completions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be even easier! Don’t worry, we won’t waste any more time in this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lesson on no-brainers. From here on, we’ll handle only the tougher 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To crank up the difficulty level of the drama-critic question you just looked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at, the test-makers might: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Use more advanced vocabulary (in the sentence as well as the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Provide “runner-up” answer choices that require closer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 judgment calls 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Add a second blank 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s a souped-up variation on the drama-critic question, made tougher in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all three ways: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Friends of the theater have long decried the __________ of big-city 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drama critics, whose reviews can determine the __________ of a play 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in a single night. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) tactlessness. .popularity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) callous indifference. .outcome 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) incisive judgment. .attendance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) disingenuousness. .success 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) unfettered sway. .fate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 118 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Note
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (E). To handle this more difficult version of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question, it helps to know that the word decry means “to discredit or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criticize.” It wouldn’t make much sense for “friends of the theater” to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discredit or criticize a drama critic’s “incisive judgement.” (The word 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incisive in this context means “keen or sharp.”) So, you can at least 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate choice (C), without even considering the second blank. But the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remaining four choices for completing the first blank all make sense as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 characteristics of big-city drama critics as seen by friends of the theater. (Of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 course, it helps to know that disingenuousness means “insincerity” and that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unfettered sway means “unconstrained influence or power.”) So, you’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to consider the second blank. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B) doesn’t make sense for the second blank. It’s the playwright, not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the critic, that determines the outcome of a play. Therefore, you can narrow 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your choices to (A), (D), and (E), all of which make sense for completing the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second blank. (A drama critic’s review can determine a play’s popularity, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 success, or fate.) But of the three choices, (E) makes the most sense when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you consider the completed sentence. Regardless of which word (popular9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ity, success, or fate) you use to complete the second blank, the second part 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the sentence provides a better description of unfettered sway than either 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tactlessness or disingenuousness. In other words, with (E) the sentence as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whole is more consistent and cohesive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you were paying attention to the analysis of the preceding question, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 noticed some pretty subtle distinctions between the best answer choice and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the others. That’s exactly how many of the toughest sentence completion 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions earn their stripes. By tuning-in to these subtleties, you’ll be ready 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the toughest completions the test-makers can dish out. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Test-makers have another way to boost the difficulty level of sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completions: they construct longer, more complex sentences that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contain “signpost” words. These words connect the sentence’s parts 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 together to form a cohesive whole that makes sense with the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completion. We’ll examine the test-makers’ four favorite types of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connections, and their signposts, later in this lesson. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 119 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Strategies for Sentence Completion Questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here you’ll learn some strategies that you can use for handling sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completion questions. But first, attempt each of the following “tougher 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than average” sample questions. Then, carefully read the explanations, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which reveal some of these strategies. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Sleep researchers now view sleep as involving degrees of detachment 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the surrounding world, a __________ whose rhythm is as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unique and as consistent as a signature. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) realm 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) progression 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) science 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) restfulness 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) condition 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (B). The sentence as a whole seems to suggest that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sleep is a dynamic process involving a series of different stages defined by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 degree of detachment. Notice that the purpose of the second clause is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describe, or restate, what sleep is. This observation is key in getting to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct answer. The missing word refers to “sleep,” so perhaps a word such 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as state or condition might occur to you as a logical completion. Choices (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (D) make no sense as characterizations of sleep, so eliminate them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice also that “rhythm” is mentioned as a feature or trait of the missing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word (“__________ whose rhythm . . .”). To describe a “realm” as having a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rhythm makes no sense, so eliminate (A). You’ve narrowed the choices 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down to (B) and (E). Read the sentence with each word in turn. Ask yourself 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which word is more appropriate and effective in conveying the thrust of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence—that sleep is a dynamic process involving a series of different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stages. The word progression clearly drives home this notion more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pointedly and effectively than the word condition. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. African-American legislators today not only __________ their 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 constituencies but also serve as proxies in the democratic process for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all African Americans; yet the records of some of them __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their struggle to extend certain ideals to encompass all citizens. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) serve. .describe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) abandon. .affirm 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) promote. .criticize 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) represent. .belie 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) influence. .discredit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 120 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (D). Notice that the sentence changes direction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 midway through. This change is signaled by the key word yet, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provides a clue that the second part of the sentence sets up a contrast or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contradiction to the first part. The words “not only . . . but also” are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important clues that the first blank must complement the phrase “serve as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proxies . . . .” (Proxy means “substitute.”) A negatively charged word such 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as harm, ignore, or disagree with would make no sense in the first blank; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however, a word such as serve, represent, or aid would fit nicely. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning of the second clause should reflect a contrast to that of the first 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one. Therefore, a word such as ignore, de-emphasize, or trivialize would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make sense here. Here’s a good paraphrase of the sentence that shows the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea that it is probably trying to convey: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In doing their jobs, these legislators have helped (aided) all African 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Americans, yet the records of some of them don’t reflect (they ignore) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the efforts of these legislators as a group. Now analyze each answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice to see how effectively it conveys these ideas: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) Served fits nicely, but describe fails to establish the necessary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contrast between the two parts of the sentence. Eliminate (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Abandoned doesn’t fit, because it doesn’t complement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “served as proxies. . . .” You can eliminate (B) even without 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considering the second word (affirm). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Promoted and criticize each seem to make sense in context, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and together they set up a sense of contrast between the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clauses. So (C) is in the running. However, it is the goals or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interests of a constituency, not the constituency itself that an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elected representative promotes. So promoted sets up an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improper idiomatic expression. What’s more, for the word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criticize to establish a clear contrast, the first clause should at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 least suggest the opposing notion of approval, but it doesn’t. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Even though the “flavor” of criticize is in the right direction, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it is not a perfect fit in the context of the sentence as a whole. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Represented fits nicely. If you don’t know what belie means, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perhaps you can guess based on its root lie (falsehood), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which provides the sort of contrast between the two clauses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’re looking for. To belie is to misrepresent or contradict. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For example, a smile belies sadness. Similarly, a biography 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can belie the struggle described in the sentence, perhaps by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mis-describing it as an easier effort than it has in fact been. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) appears to be a logical answer choice. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 121 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) Influenced establishes a different meaning for the first clause 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than the one you’re inferring. But influenced does make some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sense in the first clause. Discredit makes sense as well and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sets off the necessary contrast between the two clauses. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, this version of the sentence inappropriately dis9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 credits a struggle, while it makes better sense to discredit the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strugglers. You can eliminate (E) based on this defect alone. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What’s more, although the word influence makes sense in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context, it doesn’t establish the close parallel in ideas that the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correlative phrases “not only . . . but also . . . “call for. (D) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better in this respect. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Strategies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you read the explanations for the preceding two questions, you already 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 picked up some valuable ideas for gaining a tactical advantage on SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence completion questions. Here, you’ll review those ideas, and pick up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some additional ones. These strategies will help you gain insights into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence completions so that you can handle them efficiently, while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 avoiding the kinds of blunders that average test-takers might make. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. First try to understand the sentence, paying 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular attention to “signpost” words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and phrases that connect parts of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence together. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Initially, read the sentence in its entirety, without worrying about how to fill 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the blanks yet. Try to get a feel for the topic and the “thrust” of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. Ask yourself about the point the sentence is trying to make. Pay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular attention to key, or “signpost,” words that indicate any of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A contrast (pointing out a difference, contradiction, or distinction) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A similarity (pointing out how two things are analogous or otherwise 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A restatement (paraphrasing, describing, or clarifying) An effect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (pointing out a conclusion, consequence, or result of a cause or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 influence) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 122 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “Signpost” words can tell you where the sentence is going. Is it continuing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 along one line of thought? If so, you’re looking for a word that supports 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that thought. Is it changing direction in midstream? If so, you’re looking for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a word that sets up a contrast between the thoughts in the sentence. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Words that signal blanks that go Words that signal blanks that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the flow: shift gears: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yet also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 although consequently 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the other hand as a result 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in contrast thus 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however hence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nevertheless so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sentence as a whole seems to suggest that sleep is a dynamic process 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 involving a series of different stages defined by degree of detachment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that the purpose of the second clause is to describe what sleep is. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This observation is key in getting to the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In reading this sentence, you should have noticed that it changes direction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 midway through. This change is signaled by the keyword yet, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provides a clue that the second part of the sentence sets up a contrast or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contradiction to the first part. You can bet that this structural clue will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 crucial in determining the best answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. As a starting point, complete the sentence with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your own words before looking at the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Filling in the blank(s) with your own words first will help get your mental 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wheels turning and get you into the question. If you use this approach, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll have a much easier time spotting “sucker bait” answer choices (and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll see plenty of them in sentence completions). If the question includes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two blanks, be sure that your two “home-grown” words make sense 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considered together. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Alert!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The words “not only . . . but also” provided clues that the first blank must 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complement the phrase “served as proxies . . . .” The word aided fit nicely. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the sentence’s second clause should set up a contrast to the first one, a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word such as ignore made sense. With these two words, you’ve made 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 overall sense of the sentence, and you can eliminate conflicting answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Don’t waste time trying to make sense of answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices that don’t fit. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For any sentence completion question, you’re bound to find at least one or 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two choices that make little or no sense in the context of the sentence. Clear 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those away first, so that you can focus your attention on the viable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 candidates. If the sentence contains two blanks, you can eliminate any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choice in which one of the words considered alone makes no sense. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer must make sense as a characterization of sleep. Choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) and (D) obviously make no sense, so you can easily eliminate them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since it makes no sense to describe a “realm” as having a rhythm, you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also eliminate choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can eliminate choice (B) because abandon doesn’t make sense in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first clause. You don’t even need to analyze the second word (affirm). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Don’t stop short of considering each and every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Okay, you’ve thought up your own answer first, and one of the five choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looks perfect. Should you select it and move on, without considering the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 others? No! Remember: The qualitative difference between the best and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 second best answer can be subtle. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Keep in mind that filling in the blanks with your own words is only a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 starting point. Don’t expect to find your answer verbatim among the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 choices because most SAT sentence completions are not that easy. For 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example, in question 3, if you were filling in the blank yourself 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (without the aid of the answer choices), what word would you use? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The missing word refers to “sleep,” so perhaps a word such as state or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 condition might occur to you as a logical completion. While choice (E) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provides the word “condition,” another choice turned out to be better. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 124 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If choices (B) and (E) were switched, you might have been tempted to select 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) without considering other choices. But you’d have been wrong! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) seemed to fit okay, but if you selected it and moved on without 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considering later choices, you’d have missed the best answer, choice (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Don’t choose an answer to a dual-blank question 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 just because one of the words is a perfect fit. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As often as not, one word that fits perfectly is paired with another word that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t fit well at all. When it comes to dual-blank questions, this is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-makers’ favorite trap. Don’t fall for it! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word serve in choice (A) is a perfect fit for the first blank; yet, (A) is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the correct answer choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Don’t choose an answer just because it contains 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a tough word. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Expect to encounter some tough vocabulary words in later sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completion questions. But don’t choose an answer just because it includes a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficult word. By the same token, don’t rule it out for this reason. That’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not how the test-makers design sentence completions. Instead, try to take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your best guess as to what the word might mean (perhaps it looks a bit like 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a familiar word). A reasoned guess is better than an unreasoned one, right? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word belie happened to be part of the best answer; but that’s just the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way this question turned out. Don’t generalize from this single example! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. Choose between the best choices by checking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for idiom, usage, and awkwardness. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t forget that the test-makers are covering not just overall sentence sense 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but also word usage (whether a word is used properly) and idiom (how 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas are expressed as phrases). If you’re having trouble deciding between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices, check for these two problems, and eliminate any answer choice that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes any part of the sentence confusing or awkward. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Question 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Both (C) and (E) contain subtle usage and idiom problems that distinguish 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them from the best answer choice (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 125 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Test-Makers’ Favorite Sentence 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Connections 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Earlier in this lesson, we looked at how advanced vocabulary and subtle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distinctions between best and second-best answer choices can make for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tougher sentence completion questions. Yet another feature that makes for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tougher question is a sentence with a complex logical structure. In this kind 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of sentence, signpost words are included to connect the sentence’s parts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 together to form a complete idea that makes sense (assuming the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words are used to fill in the blanks.) For the remainder of this lesson, we’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 focus on the test-makers’ four favorite types of connections and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “signpost” words used for each type. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers are rather predictable when it comes to how they construct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complex sentences that contain “signpost” words. Once you see enough of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these sentences, you’ll begin to recognize certain patterns in how parts of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentences connect together logically. Here are the types of connections 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that you’re most likely to encounter, and should learn to recognize: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Contrast 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Similarity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Restatement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Cause and effect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Not every tough sentence completion question will illustrate one of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these four connections; but most will. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Contrast 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part of a sentence contains an idea that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contrasts with, or is opposed to, an idea in another part of the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s an example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Whereas Wordsworth wrote his best poetry during __________, Yeats 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrote some of his finest poems when he was over 70-years old. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) illness 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) war 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) youth 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) marriage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) convalescence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 126 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (C). What is there about the sentence that tells you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look for a contrast? It’s the word “Whereas,” isn’t it? Without this word, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you couldn’t make the Contrast connection. If you doubt this, think about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how you’d fill in the blank without the word, as in this variation: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Wordsworth wrote his best poetry during __________, and Yeats wrote 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some of his finest poems when he was over 70-years old. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The single word “Whereas” makes all the difference. It tells you that a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contrast is coming. In other words, the first part of the sentence tells you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something about Wordsworth that should contrast with what the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 part of the sentence tells you about Yeats. Since the second part says that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yeats wrote his best poetry when he was old (“over 70-years old”), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Wordsworth must have written his best poetry when he was young. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only answer choice that provides this contrast is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here are some other “signpost” words used to signal a Contrast connection: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the other hand however although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unlike nevertheless but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yet nonetheless by contrast 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 despite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the sentence involving Wordsworth and Yeats, you could use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 almost any word from the preceding list instead of “whereas” to set up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same contrast. Some you’d use to introduce the first part of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence; others you’d use to introduce the second part of the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Try each one to see if it fits (and, if so, where). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Similarity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part describes something that is similar 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to something described in another part of the sentence. Here’s an example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Just as musicians in the 1970s were amazed by the powers of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 electronic synthesizer, musicians during the time of Bach __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the organ, the technical wonder of its day. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) were reluctant to play 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) marveled at 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) were intimidated by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) were anxious to master 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) misunderstood 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 127 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (B). In this sentence, the words “Just as” tell you that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two parts of the sentence are describing similar situations. In other words, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 musicians during Bach’s time reacted to the organ in the same way that mu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sicians in the 1970s reacted to the synthesizer. Since the sentence indicates that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 musicians of the 1970s “were amazed by” the synthesizer, the words for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blank should express something similar about the reaction to the organ. Only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (B), “marveled at,” provides the similarity, so it’s the best answer choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here are some other words and phrases that act as Similarity “signposts”: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as like similarly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the same way likewise 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Try redrafting the sentence about synthesizers using each of these signposts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 instead of the words “just as.” You’ll notice that some words work only to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 begin the first clause, whereas others work only to begin the second clause. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Restatement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part paraphrases, defines or clarifies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what is said in another part of the sentence. Here’s an example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. Public attitudes toward business __________ are somewhat 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 __________; most people resent intrusive government rules, yet they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expect government to prevent businesses from defrauding, endanger9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing, or exploiting the public. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) ethics. .divided 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) investment. .confused 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) practices. .emotional 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) regulation. .ambiguous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) leaders. .skeptical 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (D). As you read the sentence as a whole, you get the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distinct idea that the second part is intended to elucidate (clarify or explain) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the first part. What provides the clue for this connection? In this sentence, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there are two keys: the semicolon and the syntax. The first part is much 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 briefer than the second, and there are no connecting words that signal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anything but restatement. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Think of the brief phrase as a dictionary entry, and the longer phrase as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 its definition. A dictionary might separate the entry from its definition 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a colon; here a semicolon serves a similar purpose. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 128 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this sentence, the second part (following the semicolon) describes in some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 detail the public’s attitude about government rules for business. As you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see, the attitude described is self-contradictory in that the same person 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 typically has conflicting expectations when it comes to government rules for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 business. (Notice the keyword “yet,” which signals the contradiction.) Try 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 starting with the second blank. You’re looking for a word that accurately 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 captures the public attitude. Choices (A), (B) and (D) work best; “divided,” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “confused,” and “ambiguous” all convey the general idea that the public 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wants two things that don’t go together very well. For the first blank, you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want a word that describes what the second part of the sentence also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describes. Choice (D) appears to be the best fit; the sentence as a whole has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to do with “business regulation,” that is, the rules laid down by government 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for business. Two other choices, (A) and (C), work okay for the first blank. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 But “ethics” is a bit too specific, while “practices” is a bit too vague. (You 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already eliminated choice (C) based on the second missing word.) So, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best answer choice is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you just saw, the semicolon without a connector word might provide a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wordless warning that a Restatement might be taking place. Also, look for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these keywords and phrases, which often mark Restatement connections: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in fact in short that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in other words namely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Three of these markers could easily be inserted into the sentence about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 business regulation to strengthen the signal that a Restatement is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 taking place. Try redrafting the sentence with the addition of each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 marker in turn, and you’ll find out which three work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 129 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Cause and Effect 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part describes something that causes, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 produces, or influences what’s described in another part. Here’s an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. When waging election campaigns against challengers, most incum9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bent politicians have significant __________ as a result of the power 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and recognition that are typically part and parcel of holding pub9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lic office. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) propensities 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) expenses 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) contributions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) budgets 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) advantages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (E). In this sentence, the operative phrase is “as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 result.” What precedes this phrase describes the effect, or result, of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “power and recognition” that goes with holding an official position in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 government. Or, put another way, the power and recognition of public 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 office causes or influences what the earlier part of the sentence intends to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describe. Logically, what effects would be caused by the power and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recognition of public office? One natural effect would be to make it easier to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 run for reelection, if only because the current office holder is already well 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 known. So, “advantages” is an apt expression of this natural effect. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most tempting wrong answer choices are probably (C) and (D). However, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 significant “contributions” or “budgets” wouldn’t necessarily be logical, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 natural, effects of having power and recognition, would they? A candidate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a lot of power and recognition could perhaps spend as much, or as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 little, as he would like. What’s more, the phrase “have . . . contributions” is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an awkward idiom. (A more effective and clearer phrase is “receive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contributions.”) So, on this count as well, choice (C) cannot be the best one. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To understand the preceding sentence, it helps to know that an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “incumbent politician” is one who is already in office. Even if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t know what “incumbent” means, you can still make an educated 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guess based on the sentence as a whole. “Incumbent politicians” are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 depicted here as running against “challengers,” and a “challenger” is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 typically a person who goes up against a current title holder. So, it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would be a good guess that an incumbent candidate is the current 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 office holder. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 130 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the preceding example, the words “as a result” marked the Cause-and9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Effect connection. Here are some other “signposts” that mark this kind of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connection: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since leads to because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore produces hence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thus results in consequently 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 due to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can redraft the sentence about incumbent candidates using any of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “signposts” instead of “as a result.” You’ll find that you can plug in some as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 substitutes for “as a result,” but others require that you restructure the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading Passages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As SAT reading passages go, this next one is not especially difficult to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand. What you’ll be focusing on here are not tough passages, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rather tough questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Francis Bacon was a sixteenth-century philosopher of science. The passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 below explores the link between his thinking and that of the modern-day 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientific establishment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line Francis Bacon contributed to the scientific enterprise a prophetic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understanding of how science would one day be put to use in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 service of technology, and how such a symbiosis between the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would radically impact both man and his surroundings. As 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inseparable as they are today, it is hard to imagine science and (5) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 technology as inhabiting separate domains. But in Bacon’s world 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the sixteenth century, science was not generally viewed as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practical instrument for improving the physical conditions of life. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Anticipating Jules Verne and H.G. Wells* by three hundred years, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bacon foresaw not only the extent to which science would (10) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contribute to the enlargement of technology, but also how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 technology would come to be seen as the ultimate justification 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of science. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is little doubt that others before Bacon understood that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discovering the mysteries of air, water, fire, and earth could lead (15) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to useful applications. But Bacon’s systematic elaboration of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 * Nineteenth-century science fiction writers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 131 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 promise of joining science with technology was a major leap 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forward in closing the gap between the two endeavors. He, more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than any before him, stressed the need for collective organiza9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions for scientific inquiry and application—the forerunners of (20) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 our vast government, academic, and corporate-sponsored 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 research and development departments. Bacon did not ignore the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessity for creative and dedicated individuals to spur science 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 onwards. Rather, he declared that such individuals would need 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the help of state aid, corporate organization, official conferences (25) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and publications, and regulated social and pecuniary incentives in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 order for their experiments and insights to have the widest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possible application. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The danger that Bacon did not foresee was that corporate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 influences could restrict the opportunities of the individual (30) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientist, and that a time could come when no scientific work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would be possible without corporate support. The most impor9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tant ramification of these new conditions is that the judgment 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and moral grounding possible of individual scientists must now 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compete with the concerns of industrial collectives. Entangled (35) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 within the scientific/technological system, the modern scientist 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 has jeopardized the qualities once exalted as the very hallmarks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of science: the detachment from worldly gains and the disinter9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ested pursuit of truth. Influenced by political and economic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pressures, scientists have less and less power to enact any (40) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 controls over the scientific establishment that pursues the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Baconian ideals of riches and power over another of his stated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 uses for science, “the relief of man’s estate.” Scientists are losing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the power to say “No.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No one questions the immense benefits already conferred by (45) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 science’s efficient methodology. However, since individual 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientists must now choose between improving standards of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 living and obtaining financial support for their research, there is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cause for concern. In light of current circumstances, we must ask 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 certain questions about science that Bacon, from a sixteenth(50) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 century perspective, could not possibly have put to himself. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 132 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assumption Questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assumption questions ask you to fill in gaps in the author’s argument or in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a position put forth by some other character in the passage. An assumption 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is an unstated yet necessary part of an argument. These questions can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficult because, in order to recognize the assumption required to hold the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 argument together, you must understand both the conclusion that’s drawn 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the evidence offered in support of it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An SAT assumption question usually contains some form of the word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 assumption or assume. Here are a few typical examples: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “The author’s discussion about . . . assumes that” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “The author’s argument is based on the assumption that” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An assumption in a passage will not necessarily be the author’s. It 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might instead be an assumption made by a character or other person 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discussed in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see an assumption question, you should follow these three steps: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Focus on the point established (the conclusion) and the evidence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used to support it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Look for a link between the evidence and the conclusion that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessary to the logic yet not explicitly stated in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Eliminate choices that are outside the scope of the argument. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 order for something to be necessary to an argument, it must first be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relevant. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now apply these steps to a question that relates to the passage about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Francis Bacon. Use the line reference to find the phrase in question, and read 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the entire sentence carefully. As you read it, try to figure out what the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is NOT saying that nevertheless must be true for the argument in that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence to make sense. That unstated premise is the assumption. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 133 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. In stating the case for his “cause for concern” (line 29), the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 assumes that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) individual scientists have sacrificed all power of choice with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 regard to the direction of their research. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) it is not in the financial interest of the scientific establishment to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improve standards of living. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) science’s efficient methodology has led to the solution of most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of society’s problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) no scientists will choose to devote their time to improving 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 standards of living. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) non-scientists are incapable improving their own standard 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of living. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (B). The author is concerned that scientists will have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to choose between improving standards of living and getting money from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the scientific establishment for their research. But if scientists receive money 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the establishment for projects that will improve the standards of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 living, then this concern is not so well founded. In making his argument, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author must assume that the scientific establishment does not have an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interest in improving standards of living. If it did, then the author’s concern 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would make less sense. Let’s examine the other four choices to see why none 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can compete with choice (B): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A): The author need not assume that scientists have sacrificed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all control over their work. In fact, the argument in question indicates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that scientists still have a choice regarding what they do. The author is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concerned because it is a choice that may not bode well for society, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his concern does not rely on the notion in choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C): The reference to “science’s efficient methodology” comes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the previous sentence and is just there to acknowledge science’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 achievements before the author states his concern. This concern does 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not rely on the notion that science has solved most of society’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems, so choice (C) is not the assumption we’re looking for here. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D): The argument in question indicates that scientists still have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a choice regarding what they do. The author’s concern does not rely on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the idea that not one single scientist will choose to improve standards of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 living. A handful may, and the author would still be concerned because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the nature of the choice that has arisen in the modern scientific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 community does not bode well for society overall. So, choice (D) is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the necessary assumption we seek. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 134 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E): This choice is not the assumption you’re looking for because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 non-scientists are outside the scope. The passage, and the specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concern that’s the focus of this question, concerns only the situation of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientists. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Additional Information Questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Additional Information questions ask you to recognize an additional fact 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that would make an argument within the passage either more or less 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 convincing—that is, stronger or weaker. These two question types are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tougher than average because they require you to challenge the text and to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 think for yourself as an active reader rather than passively assimilate what’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the page. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An SAT strengthen question typically contains a word such as support or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strengthen, as in these two question stems: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following, if true, would provide the most direct support 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the author’s assertion that ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a specific claim made by the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following statements, if true, would best strengthen the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contention that ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a specific point mentioned in the passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To identify a Weaken question on the SAT, look for a word such as weaken, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 undermine, contradict, or refute, as in these two question stems: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following statements, if true, would contradict most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 directly the author’s claim that ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a specific claim made by the author 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author’s argument that ? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a specific conclusion made by the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To handle a strengthen or weaken question, follow these steps: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Make sure you’re clear on the argument. You won’t have much 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 luck strengthening or weakening an argument that you don’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Look for assumptions in the argument. Often, the key to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strengthening or weakening an argument lies in building up or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 breaking down an author’s central assumption. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 135 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Beware of choices that are true but that don’t have the desired 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effect. A choice may perfectly reflect what’s in the passage, but if it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t strengthen or weaken the argument (whichever you’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 asked to do), then it cannot be correct. Don’t select a choice simply 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it seems “true”; that may not be good enough. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Apply these steps to the following weaken question about the Francis Bacon 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage. To handle the question, find the relevant text and reread what the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author says about what Bacon didn’t foresee—that is, what Bacon missed in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his analysis. Keep in mind that you’re being asked to weaken the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 point, not any arguments that Bacon himself makes. Therefore, get into the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mindset of challenging the author as you go back to read this part of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The author’s assertion regarding what “Bacon did not foresee” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (line 18) would be most seriously weakened if it were determined 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that Bacon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) outlined the mechanisms of corporate support necessary to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adequately fund scientific research. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) stated in his writings that the economic and political require9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ments for a stable society were intertwined with the efficient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 functioning of the scientific establishment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) suggested that passionate and creative people were indispens9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 able to the advancement of the scientific enterprise. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) was generally perceptive regarding most scientific topics. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) warned of the dangers to scientific inquiry that would result if col9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lective organization became an integral part of scientific research. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (E). Paraphrasing the text, the author says that Bacon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 didn’t realize that corporate/institutional support would become so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essential to science that no science would be possible without it. If, however, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 we find that Bacon did in fact warn of the dangers to science of such 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corporate control (“collective organization”), then the author’s argument 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 here would carry much less weight. Choice (E) is the best “weakener” of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bunch. Let’s examine the other four choices to see why none can compete 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with choice (D): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A): The author credits Bacon with the idea that corporate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support would be necessary for science to flourish. If it were determined 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that somewhere Bacon spells out just what that support would consist 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of, that would still do nothing to damage the author’s claim that Bacon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 missed the point that such corporate control of science could have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative consequences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 136 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B): It wouldn’t be surprising to find the claim stated in choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) in Bacon’s writings, considering what we know about his ideas from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage. However, this wouldn’t in any way damage the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 claim that Bacon missed the point that corporate control of science 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could have negative consequences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C): The author states that “Bacon did not ignore the necessity 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for creative and dedicated individuals to spur science onwards,” so it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wouldn’t be surprising to find the suggestion described in choice (C) in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bacon’s writings. However, this wouldn’t in any way damage the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author’s claim that Bacon missed the point that corporate control of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 science could have negative consequences. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D): Based on the passage, Bacon seems to be a fairly perceptive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fellow, so we wouldn’t be surprised to find he was totally up on his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 science. However, as with all the other wrong choices here, this in no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way hurts the author’s argument that Bacon missed the point that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corporate control of science could have negative consequences. That’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the claim we’re trying to weaken, and choice (D) doesn’t do it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Application Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Application questions ask you to relate ideas and situations described in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage to outside scenarios. In other words, they test whether you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand how examples represented in the passage might be applied in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different context. Application questions are inherently difficult because the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices involve situations foreign to the topic of the passage, and a leap is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 required on your part to connect the correct choice to the relevant idea or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example in the passage. Here is what application questions typically look 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “As described in the passage, is most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something the author describes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nearly analogous to which of the following?” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following best exemplifies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something mentioned in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following would the author consider to be most similar to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something mentioned in the passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 137 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see an application question, you should follow these three steps: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Go back to the example or idea in question and reread it to make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure you have a firm grasp of it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Put the example or idea into general terms. This helps because it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the general logic of the example that will somehow relate to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct answer choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Test the choices to see whether each one matches the example or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea in question. Beware of choices that distort the meaning of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now, try to answer an application question about the Francis Bacon 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage. Remember that the key to an application question is to generalize a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 situation and recognize it in another context. Think about the plight of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modern scientist and try to put it into general terms. Then, check the choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to see which one corresponds best to such a scenario. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 3. The situation of the modern scientist as described in the passage is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most nearly analogous to that of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) a painter who participates in an artistic community in order to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gain exposure for his works. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) a doctor who is required to attend a yearly conference in order 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to keep up with developments in her field. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) a musician who needs to alter her vision for a recording project 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in order to maintain the support of her record company. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) an executive who is fired for disobeying company policy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) a union member who organizes a strike to protest against poor 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 working conditions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (C). According to the author, the modern scientist 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 depends on support from a large organization that forces him to conduct his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work according to the demands of the organization. Similarly, the musician 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in choice (C) depends on a record company that forces her to change what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 she wants to create in order to please the company. Choice (C) offers the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best analogy to the author’s description of the modern scientist’s plight. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s examine the other four choices to see why none can compete with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (C): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A): According to the author, the modern scientist depends for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support on a large organization that forces him to conduct his work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 according to the demands of the organization. This results in a problem 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 138 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the scientist, whereas the painter in choice (A) benefits from his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attachment to the artistic community. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B): According to the author, the modern scientist depends for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support on a large organization that forces him to conduct his work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 according to the demands of the organization. A doctor required to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attend a conference is not in the same situation, since nothing implies 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the doctor must alter, against her will, the way she goes about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practicing medicine. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D): According to the author, the modern scientist depends for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support on a large organization that forces him to conduct his work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 according to the demands of that organization. A fired executive need 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not fit into the same general category. Maybe he deserved to be fired, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 maybe not, but either way a company has a right to determine how its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 employees should behave. However, the scientist, according to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author, was once independent and needs to be independent for society 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to benefit. The predicament of the scientist that the author laments is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore not similar to the situation of a fired executive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E): According to the author, the modern scientist depends for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support on a large organization that forces him to conduct his work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 according to the demands of the organization. That’s the situation we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to mirror. A union worker organizing a protest doesn’t match the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scenario in the question stem. We never hear about scientists fighting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 back—the author simply voices his concern regarding their ability to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work independent of corporate influence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Method Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Method questions ask you to recognize what the author is doing in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage, or, how the author goes about making her points. Some method 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions ask for the author’s overall approach in the passage, while others 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ask about how a specific point is made or about the structure of a particular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. Method questions can be difficult because the answer choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are usually stated very generally, and it’s up to you to connect the general 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wording of the choices with what’s going on in the passage. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A Method question can come in many different forms. Here are just a few 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examples of what the question stem might look like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following best describes the approach of the passage? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the last paragraph, the author proceeds by . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 139 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How does the fourth paragraph function in relation to the third 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the second paragraph? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following techniques is used in the last sentence of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph 3? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see a method question, you should follow these steps: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Let the question guide you to the appropriate area of the passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and reread that section carefully. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Focus on what the author is doing—don’t get bogged down in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 details. Method questions concern how the author makes his/her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 points, not what those points are. The latter is the subject of Detail 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and Inference questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Test the choices rigorously. Every word in the correct choice must 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 be consistent with what’s going on in the passage. Wrong choices 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will contain elements that go against the author’s approach, or that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are simply not represented in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now apply these steps to a Method question about the Francis Bacon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage. The final paragraph is short enough to skim quickly before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 checking out the choices. But read it with a very specific goal in mind—to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see what the author is doing in these few lines. Don’t get bogged down in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 details—they really won’t help you here. Test the choices, making sure every 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word of the choice you select matches what’s going on in this part of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the last paragraph of the passage? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) An assertion is made and is backed up by evidence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) A viewpoint is expressed and an opposing viewpoint is stated 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and countered. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) An admission is offered and is followed by a warning and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recommendation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Contradictory claims are presented and then reconciled. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) A problem is outlined and a solution is proposed and defended. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 140 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is C. The notion that no one questions the benefits of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 science does qualify as an admission in the context of the paragraph; that is, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the author admits that science has given humankind enormous benefits, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then goes on to voice his concern regarding the current state of the scientific 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enterprise. Note how the contrast signal word “however” screams at us that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some kind of change must come after the author admits that science has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conferred immense benefits, and indeed, what comes next is, as choice (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 puts it, a warning: there is cause for concern. The recommendation that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rounds out choice (C) appears in the final sentence, highlighted by the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words “we must ask certain questions . . .” Every element in choice (C) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 present and accounted for, so choice (C) correctly describes the organization 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the paragraph. Let’s examine the other four choices to see why none can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compete with choice (C): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A): This choice says that the paragraph begins with an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 assertion, and we can surely accept that: the assertion that no one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions the benefits of science. Is this then backed up by evidence? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No. The contrast signal word “however” alerts us that some kind of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change is coming, not evidence for the statement in the first sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 And indeed, the rest does go off in a different direction. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B): This choice doesn’t reflect what’s going on here. It says that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the final paragraph begins with a viewpoint, and we can surely accept 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that: the view that no one questions the benefits of science. But does an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposing viewpoint follow—that is, an argument against the benefits of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 science? No, the author doesn’t go there. He is concerned about the way 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 science is now conducted. He doesn’t mention or counter the position 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that tries to downplay what science has already accomplished. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C): The contrast signal word “however” offers a promising 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 start for the organization described in choice (C): it flags some kind of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 upcoming change, so it would certainly sound reasonable for an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposing viewpoint to enter the story here. But it doesn’t—the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 goes in a different direction from what is described at the end of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D): This choice is incorrect because there are no contradictory 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 claims here. The author admits that science has given humankind 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enormous benefits, but then goes on to voice his concern regarding the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 current state of the scientific enterprise. These things aren’t contradic123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tory, and nothing in the paragraph contradicts either of these things, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (D) can’t be correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 141 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Alert!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E): It’s fair to say that a problem is outlined—the problem that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 securing financial support for scientific work might get in the way of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientists improving standards of living. But does the author propose a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solution? No. He recommends that serious questions be asked about the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem, but offers no solution of his own. Even if you viewed his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recommendation as a solution, you’d still have to bog down on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “defended” part of choice (E). The passage ends before any kind of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 defense of his recommendation is offered. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Six Next Level Techniques for Effective 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reading 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You’re a voracious reader who’s already developed the kinds of effective 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading habits that will serve you well in SAT critical reading. So, there’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 certainly no need here for an ad nauseum discourse on how to read 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effectively. But it can’t hurt to review the basic reading techniques that apply 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most directly to the SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t expect to just walk into the SAT testing room and apply the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 techniques you’ll learn about here without practicing them first. You’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to try them out first, during your SAT practice testing, until you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 become comfortable with them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Most test-takers approach critical reading passages passively. They give 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equal time and attention to every sentence in a passage, reading the passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from beginning to end without interruption and with very little thought as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to what particular information is most important in order to respond to the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific questions. This strategy is actually better characterized as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 non-strategy. What’s the result? The test-taker might remember some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scattered facts and ideas, which will help him/her respond correctly to some 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easier questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 But the passive mind-set won’t take the test-taker very far when it comes to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tougher questions. As you’re no doubt aware by now, tougher critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading questions are tougher because they measure your ability to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand the ideas in the passage rather than to simply recall information. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In order to understand a passage, you must be able to (1) identify the thesis 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (or main idea) and the author’s primary purpose and (2) follow the author’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line of reasoning from paragraph to paragraph. Both tasks require an active 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frame of mind in which you constantly interact with the text as you read. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 142 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Mark up the passage. (That’s what your pencil is for!) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Selective annotating (e.g., circling and underlining key words and phrases) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 serves three important purposes: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. It helps you to maintain an active frame of mind since you are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shopping for ideas and information that are sufficiently important 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to earmark. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. It provides a pre-written outline. After you read (and annotate) the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 entire passage, reviewing the annotated words and phrases can be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an effective way to recap the passage for yourself. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. If you need to refer to the passage as you answer the questions, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effective annotating will help you quickly locate the information 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you need. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What sort of information should you annotate? If you under-annotate, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will not be able to effectively recap the passage by reviewing your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 annotations. On the other hand, if you over-annotate, your annotations lose 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their meaning, and you might as well not have annotated at all. Here are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some suggestions for finding just the right balance: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Mark areas of discussion that you may need to locate again to answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one or more of the questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Instead of underlining complete sentences, select keywords or phrases 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that “trigger” for you the idea or point that is made in this sentence or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this part of the paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Mark structural connectors—keywords that connect the logical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 building blocks of the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • In chronological passages, mark historical benchmarks and divisions— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 centuries, years, decades, or historical periods—that help to form the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 structure of the author’s discussion. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Use arrows to physically connect words that signify ideas that are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connected; for example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • To clarify cause and effect in the natural sciences or in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context of historical events 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • To indicate who was influenced by whom in literature, music, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 psychology, etc. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • To connect names (philosophers, scientists, authors, etc.) with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 dates, events, other names, theories, or schools of thought, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 works, etc. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 143 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • To indicate the chronological order in which historical events 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 occurred 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Create your own visual cues to earmark possible thesis statements, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 major supporting points, and points of author disagreement. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Make margin notes and (for some passages) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 outlines. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the left-hand margin, make shorthand notes to summarize paragraphs, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 earmark areas of discussion, and otherwise provide signals for yourself so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that you can locate details more quickly and recap the passage more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effectively. Keep your notes as brief as possible; two or three words should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provide a sufficient cue. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t bother constructing a formal outline of the passage. This takes more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time than it’s worth. Instead, rely on your margin notes and annotations to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indicate the flow of the discussion. For certain high-density passages, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however, some organized notes—a “mini-outline”—may be necessary to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organize information. Shorthand notes at the bottom of the page may help 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to keep particular details straight in your mind. The following scenarios 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 typically call for the mini-outline: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • If the passage categorizes or classifies various phenomena, notes may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 help clarify which phenomena belong in which categories. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • If the passage mentions numerous individual names (e.g., of authors, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 artists, political figures, etc.), use notes to link them according to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 influence, agreement or disagreement, and so forth. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Pay attention to the overall structure of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Different types of reading passages are organized in different ways. For 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A passage that traces historical causes or consequences will probably 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be organized chronologically. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A passage that critiques a theory will probably describe the theory 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first, and then explain its problems, one at a time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A passage that draws a comparison (pointing out similarities and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 differences) between two things might first list similarities, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 differences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 144 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section—A Game of Words You CAN Win
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A passage that describes a classification system will probably begin by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 defining the main class, then branch out to each sub-class level. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Understanding how the passage is organized—in other words, recognizing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 its structure—will help you to articulate the passage’s main idea and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 primary purpose, to understand the author’s purpose in mentioning various 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 details, and to distinguish between main points and minor details—all of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which will help you answer the questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Look for structural clues or “triggers.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Triggers are key words and phrases that provide clues about the structure and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organization of the passage and the direction in which the discussion is flow9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 ing. The lists below contain many common trigger words and phrases. Un123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 derline or circle trigger words as you read the passage. Review your annota9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions to help you recap the passage and see its structure and organization. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • These words precede an item in a list (e.g., examples, classes, reasons, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or characteristics): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first, second (etc.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in addition, also, another 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • These words signal that the author is contrasting two phenomena: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 alternatively, by contrast, however, on the other hand, rather 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than, while, yet 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • These words signal a logical conclusion based upon preceding material: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consequently, in conclusion, then, thus, therefore, as a result, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accordingly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • These words signal that the author is comparing (identifying 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 similarities between) two phenomena: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 similarly, in the same way, analogous, parallel, likewise, just as, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also, as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • These words signal evidence (factual information) used to support the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author’s argument: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 because, since, in light of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • These words signal an example of a phenomenon: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for instance, e.g., such as, . . . is an illustration of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 145 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Don’t get bogged down in details as you read. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT reading passages are packed with details: lists, statistics and other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers, dates, titles, and so forth. If you try to absorb all of the details as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you read, you’ll not only lose sight of the main points but also lose reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 speed. Don’t get bogged down in the details; gloss over them. In the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 left-hand margin, note where particular examples, lists, and other details 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are located. Then, if a particular question involving those details is included, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can quickly and easily locate them and read them more carefully. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Sum up the passage after you read it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After reading the entire passage, take a few seconds to recap it. What was 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the author’s main point and what were the major supporting points? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remind yourself about the flow of the discussion without thinking about all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the details. Chances are, you’ll be able to answer at least one or two of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions based just on your recap. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In Conclusion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Many passages have a conclusion, so it’s only right that our chapter about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passages has one, too. Most of the techniques discussed here are things that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you already do in some form already. This chapter has shown how strategies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 such as “using context” and “finding the main idea” apply to the reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section of the SAT. When you work the sample passages in this book, focus 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on using the techniques. Cover the answer choices of a sentence completion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem while you come up with your own word. Jot down quick 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 summaries of a passage while you’re reading it. The techniques are highly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effective, and all you need to do is practice them to the point where they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 become second nature. When you get to that level of comfort, you will see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how beneficial they are in answering easy, medium, and hard problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 146 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter
5 The Ultimate Word List 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the Words You Learn 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vocabulary as such is not tested on the SAT. But there are plenty of indirect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and hidden vocabulary questions on the SAT: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Reading comprehension passages include vocabulary-in-context 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. These focus on particular words in the passage and ask 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you to determine their meaning in the passage. Sometimes the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words chosen are obviously hard words (latent, replete, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eminent, to name three real examples). More often they are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seemingly easy words that are tricky because they have many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possible meanings (camp, idea, and hard, for example). In both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cases, the broader, more varied, and more accurate your vocabu123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lary knowledge, the better your chances of answering these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions quickly and correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The better your vocabulary knowledge, the easier you’ll find it to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand both critical reading passages and sentence completion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 items (which are, in effect, mini-reading passages, each one 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence long). Even an occasional math item is made a little more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complicated by the use of a challenging vocabulary word. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So vocabulary knowledge makes a clear and significant difference in your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 performance on the SAT. Fortunately, the kinds of words that regularly 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appear fall into definite patterns. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT is written and edited by bookish people for the benefit of the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bookish people who run colleges and universities. They’re designed to test 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your ability to handle the kinds of bookish tasks college students usually 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to master: reading textbooks, finding information in reference books, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deciphering scholarly journals, studying research abstracts, and writing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impressive-sounding term papers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 147
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So the hard words on the tests are hard words of a particular sort: bookish 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard words that deal, broadly speaking, with the manipulation and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 communication of ideas—words like ambiguous, amplify, arbitrary, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arcane. The better you master this sort of vocabulary, the better you’ll do on 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your exam. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Happily, you don’t need to find these words on your own. We’ve done the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spadework for you. We’ve been able to come up with a list of the words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most commonly used in reading passages and sentence completions, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 including both the question stems and the answer choices. This list has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 become the Ultimate Word List. It includes about 500 primary words that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are most likely to appear in one form or another on the SAT. It also includes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hundreds of related words—words that are either variants of the primary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words (ambiguity as a variant of ambiguous, for example) or that share a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 common word root (like ample, amplify, and amplitude). Many of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words have already been covered in this book; some even appear in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 flashcards at the back. By placing them all in a single location, however, we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hope to give you one more tool to enhance your vocabulary study. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 148 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abbreviate (verb) to make briefer, to shorten. Because time was running 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out, the speaker had to abbreviate his remarks. abbreviation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abrasive (adjective) irritating, grinding, rough. The manager’s rude, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abrasive way of criticizing the workers was bad for morale. abrasion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abridge (verb) to shorten, to reduce. The Bill of Rights is designed to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prevent Congress from abridging the rights of Americans. abridgment 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 absolve (verb) to free from guilt, to exonerate. The criminal jury absolved 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O. J. Simpson of the murder of his ex-wife and her friend. absolution 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abstain (verb) to refrain, to hold back. After his heart attack, he was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 warned by the doctor to abstain from smoking, drinking, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 overeating. abstinence (noun), abstemious (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accentuate (verb) to emphasize, to stress. The overcast skies and chill 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 winds accentuated our gloomy mood. accentuation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acrimonious (adjective) biting, harsh, caustic. The election campaign 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 became acrimonious, as the candidates traded insults and accusations. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acrimony (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adaptable (adjective) able to be changed to be suitable for a new purpose. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some scientists say that the mammals outlived the dinosaurs because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they were more adaptable to a changing climate. adapt (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adaptation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adulation (noun) extreme admiration. Few young actors have received 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greater adulation than did Marlon Brando after his performance in A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Streetcar Named Desire. adulate (verb), adulatory (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adversary (noun) an enemy or opponent. When the former Soviet Union 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 became an American ally, the United States lost its last major adversary. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adversity (noun) misfortune. It’s easy to be patient and generous when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 things are going well; a person’s true character is revealed under 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adversity. adverse (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aesthetic (adjective) relating to art or beauty. Mapplethorpe’s photos may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be attacked on moral grounds, but no one questions their aesthetic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value—they are beautiful. aestheticism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 149 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 affected (adjective) false, artificial. At one time, Japanese women were 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 taught to speak in an affected high-pitched voice, which was thought 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 girlishly attractive. affect (verb), affectation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aggressive (adjective) forceful, energetic, and attacking. A football player 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 needs a more aggressive style of play than a soccer player. aggression 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 alacrity (noun) promptness, speed. Thrilled with the job offer, he accepted 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with alacrity—“Before they can change their minds!” he thought. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 allege (verb) to state without proof. Some have alleged that Foster was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 murdered, but all the evidence points to suicide. allegation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 alleviate (verb) to make lighter or more bearable. Although no cure for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 AIDS has been found, doctors are able to alleviate the suffering of those 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the disease. alleviation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ambiguous (adjective) having two or more possible meanings. The phrase, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “Let’s table that discussion” is ambiguous; some think it means, “Let’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discuss it now,” while others think it means, “Let’s save it for later.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ambiguity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ambivalent (adjective) having two or more contradictory feelings or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attitudes; uncertain. She was ambivalent toward her impending 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 marriage; at times she was eager to go ahead, while at other times she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wanted to call it off. ambivalence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 amiable (adjective) likable, agreeable, friendly. He was an amiable lab 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 partner, always smiling, on time, and ready to work. amiability (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 amicable (adjective) friendly, peaceable. Although they agreed to divorce, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their settlement was amicable and they remained friends afterward. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 amplify (verb) to enlarge, expand, or increase. Uncertain as to whether 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they understood, the students asked the teacher to amplify his 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explanation. amplification (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anachronistic (adjective) out of the proper time. The reference, in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, to “the clock striking twelve” is anachro9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nistic, since there were no striking timepieces in ancient Rome. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anachronism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anarchy (noun) absence of law or order. For several months after the Nazi 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 government was destroyed, there was no effective government in parts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of Germany, and anarchy ruled. anarchic (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 150 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anomaly (noun) something different or irregular. The tiny planet Pluto, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 orbiting next to the giants Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune, has long 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appeared to be an anomaly. anomalous (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 antagonism (noun) hostility, conflict, opposition. As more and more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reporters investigated the Watergate scandal, antagonism between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Nixon and the press increased. antagonistic (adjective), antagonize 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 antiseptic (adjective) fighting infection; extremely clean. A wound should 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be washed with an antiseptic solution. The all-white offices were bare 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and almost antiseptic in their starkness. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 apathy (noun) lack of interest, concern, or emotion. American voters are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 showing increasing apathy over politics; fewer than half voted in the last 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 election. apathetic (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arable (adjective) able to be cultivated for growing crops. Rocky New 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 England has relatively little arable farmland. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arbiter (noun) someone able to settle dispute; a judge or referee. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 public is the ultimate arbiter of commercial value; it decides what sells 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and what doesn’t. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arbitrary (adjective) based on random or merely personal preference. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Both computers cost the same and had the same features, so in the end I 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 made an arbitrary decision about which one to buy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arcane (adjective) little-known, mysterious, obscure. Eliot’s Waste Land is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 filled with arcane lore, including quotations in Latin, Greek, French, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 German, and Sanskrit. arcana (noun, plural). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ardor (noun) a strong feeling of passion, energy, or zeal. The young 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revolutionary proclaimed his convictions with an ardor that excited the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 crowd. ardent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arid (adjective) very dry; boring and meaningless. The arid climate of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Arizona makes farming difficult. Some find the law a fascinating topic, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but for me it is an arid discipline. aridity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ascetic (adjective) practicing strict self-discipline for moral or spiritual 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reasons. The so-called Desert Fathers were hermits who lived an ascetic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 life of fasting, study, and prayer. asceticism (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 assiduous (verb) working with care, attention, and diligence. Although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Karen is not a naturally gifted math student, by assiduous study she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 managed to earn an A in trigonometry. assiduity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 151 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 astute (adjective) observant, intelligent, and shrewd. Safire’s years of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 experience in Washington and his personal acquaintance with many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 political insiders make him an astute commentator on politics. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 atypical (adjective) not typical; unusual. In The Razor’s Edge, Bill 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Murray, best known as a comic actor, gave an atypical dramatic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 performance. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 audacious (adjective) bold, daring, adventurous. Her plan to cross the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Atlantic single-handed in a 12-foot sailboat was audacious, if not 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reckless. audacity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 audible (adjective) able to be heard. Although she whispered, her voice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was picked up by the microphone, and her words were audible 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throughout the theater. audibility (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 auspicious (adjective) promising good fortune; propitious. The news that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a team of British climbers had reached the summit of Everest seemed an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 auspicious sign for the reign of newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 authoritarian (adjective) favoring or demanding blind obedience to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaders. Despite Americans’ belief in democracy, the American govern9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment has supported authoritarian regimes in other countries. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 authoritarianism (noun) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 belated (adjective) delayed past the proper time. She called her mother on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 January 5th to offer her a belated “Happy New Year.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 belie (verb) to present a false or contradictory appearance. Lena Horne’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 youthful appearance belies her long, distinguished career in show 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 business. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 benevolent (adjective) wishing or doing good. In old age, Carnegie used 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his wealth for benevolent purposes, donating large sums to found 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 libraries and schools. benevolence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 berate (verb) to scold or criticize harshly. The judge angrily berated the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two lawyers for their unprofessional behavior. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bereft (adjective) lacking or deprived of something. Bereft of parental 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 love, orphans sometimes grow up to be insecure. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 152 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bombastic (adjective) inflated or pompous in style. Old-fashioned bom9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bastic political speeches don’t work on television, which demands a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more intimate style of communication. bombast (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bourgeois (adjective) middle-class or reflecting middle-class values. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Dadaists of the 1920s produced art deliberately designed to offend 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bourgeois art collectors, with their taste for respectable, refined, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 uncontroversial pictures. bourgeois (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 buttress (noun) something that supports or strengthens. The endorsement 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the American Medical Association is a powerful buttress for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 claims made about this new medicine. buttress (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 C 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 camaraderie (noun) a spirit of friendship. Spending long days and nights 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 together on the road, the members of a traveling theater group develop 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a strong sense of camaraderie. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 candor (noun) openness, honesty, frankness. In his memoir about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vietnam War, former defense secretary McNamara describes his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mistakes with remarkable candor. candid (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 capricious (adjective) unpredictable, whimsical. The pop star Madonna 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 has changed her image so many times that each new transformation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 now appears capricious rather than purposeful. caprice (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carnivorous (adjective) meat-eating. The long, dagger-like teeth of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tyrannosaurus make it obvious that this was a carnivorous dinosaur. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carnivore (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carping (adjective) unfairly or excessively critical; querulous. New York is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 famous for its demanding critics, but none is harder to please than the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carping John Simon, said to have single-handedly destroyed many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acting careers. carp (verb). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 catalytic (adjective) bringing about, causing, or producing some result. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The conditions for revolution existed in America by 1765; the disputes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about taxation that arose later were the catalytic events that sparked the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 rebellion. catalyze (verb). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 caustic (adjective) burning, corrosive. No one was safe when the satirist 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 H. L. Mencken unleashed his caustic wit. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 153 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 censure (noun) blame, condemnation. The news that Senator Packwood 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 had harassed several women brought censure from many feminists. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 censure (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chaos (noun) disorder, confusion, chance. The first few moments after the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explosion were pure chaos: no one was sure what had happened, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the area was filled with people running and yelling. chaotic (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circuitous (adjective) winding or indirect. We drove to the cottage by a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circuitous route so we could see as much of the surrounding countryside 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as possible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumlocution (noun) speaking in a roundabout way; wordiness. Legal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 documents often contain circumlocutions which make them difficult to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumscribe (verb) to define by a limit or boundary. Originally, the role of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the executive branch of government was clearly circumscribed, but that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 role has greatly expanded over time. circumscription (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumvent (verb) to get around. When Jerry was caught speeding, he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tried to circumvent the law by offering the police officer a bribe. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clandestine (adjective) secret, surreptitious. As a member of the under9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ground, Balas took part in clandestine meetings to discuss ways of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sabotaging the Nazi forces. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cloying (adjective) overly sweet or sentimental. The deathbed scenes in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 novels of Dickens are famously cloying: as Oscar Wilde said, “One 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would need a heart of stone to read the death of Little Nell without 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 laughing.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cogent (adjective) forceful and convincing. The committee members were 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 won over to the project by the cogent arguments of the chairman. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cogency (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cognizant (adjective) aware, mindful. Cognizant of the fact that it was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 getting late, the master of ceremonies cut short the last speech. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cognizance (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cohesive (adjective) sticking together, unified. An effective military unit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must be a cohesive team, all its members working together for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 common goal. cohere (verb), cohesion (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 collaborate (verb) to work together. To create a truly successful movie, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 director, writers, actors, and many others must collaborate closely. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 collaboration (noun), collaborative (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 154 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 colloquial (adjective) informal in language; conversational. Some expres9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sions from Shakespeare, such as the use of thou and thee, sound formal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 today but were colloquial English in Shakespeare’s time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 competent (adjective) having the skill and knowledge needed for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular task; capable. Any competent lawyer can draw up a will. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 competence (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complacent (adjective) smug, self-satisfied. During the 1970s, American 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 auto makers became complacent, believing that they would continue to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be successful with little effort. complacency (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 composure (noun) calm, self-assurance. The president managed to keep 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his composure during his speech even when the Teleprompter broke 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down, leaving him without a script. composed (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conciliatory (adjective) seeking agreement, compromise, or reconciliation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As a conciliatory gesture, the union leaders agreed to postpone a strike 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and to continue negotiations with management. conciliate (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conciliation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concise (adjective) expressed briefly and simply; succinct. Less than a page 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 long, the Bill of Rights is a concise statement of the freedoms enjoyed by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all Americans. concision (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 condescending (adjective) having an attitude of superiority toward 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 another; patronizing. “What a cute little car!” she remarked in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 condescending style. “I suppose it’s the nicest one someone like you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could afford!” condescension (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 condolence (noun) pity for someone else’s sorrow or loss; sympathy. After 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sudden death of Princess Diana, thousands of messages of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 condolence were sent to her family. condole (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 confidant (noun) someone entrusted with another’s secrets. No one knew 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about Janee’s engagement except Sarah, her confidant. confide (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 confidential (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conformity (noun) agreement with or adherence to custom or rule. In my 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 high school, conformity was the rule: everyone dressed the same, talked 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same, and listened to the same music. conform (verb), conformist 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consensus (noun) general agreement among a group. Among Quakers, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 voting traditionally is not used; instead, discussion continues until the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 entire group forms a consensus. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 155 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consolation (noun) relief or comfort in sorrow or suffering. Although we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 miss our dog very much, it is a consolation to know that she died 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quickly, without suffering. console (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consternation (noun) shock, amazement, dismay. When a voice in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 back of the church shouted out, “I know why they should not be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 married!” the entire gathering was thrown into consternation. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consummate (verb) to complete, finish, or perfect. The deal was consum9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mated with a handshake and the payment of the agreed-upon fee. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consummate (adjective), consummation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contaminate (verb) to make impure. Chemicals dumped in a nearby forest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 had seeped into the soil and contaminated the local water supply. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contamination (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contemporary (adjective) modern, current; from the same time. I prefer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 old-fashioned furniture rather than contemporary styles. The composer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vivaldi was roughly contemporary with Bach. contemporary (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contrite (adjective) sorry for past misdeeds. The public is often willing to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forgive celebrities who are involved in some scandal, as long as they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appear contrite. contrition (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conundrum (noun) a riddle, puzzle, or problem. The question of why an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all-powerful, all-loving God allows evil to exist is a conundrum many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 philosophers have pondered. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 convergence (noun) the act of coming together in unity or similarity. A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remarkable example of evolutionary convergence can be seen in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shark and the dolphin, two sea creatures that developed from different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 origins to become very similar in form. converge (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 convoluted (adjective) twisting, complicated, intricate. Tax law has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 become so convoluted that it’s easy for people to accidentally violate it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 convolute (verb), convolution (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corroborating (adjective) supporting with evidence; confirming. A pass9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 erby who had witnessed the crime gave corroborating testimony about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the presence of the accused person. corroborate (verb), corroboration 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corrosive (adjective) eating away, gnawing, or destroying. Years of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 poverty and hard work had a corrosive effect on her beauty. corrode 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb), corrosion (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 156 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 credulity (noun) willingness to believe, even with little evidence. Con 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 artists fool people by taking advantage of their credulity. credulous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criterion (noun) a standard of measurement or judgment. (The plural is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criteria.) In choosing a design for the new taxicabs, reliability will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 our main criterion. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 critique (noun) a critical evaluation. The editor gave a detailed critique of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the manuscript, explaining its strengths and its weaknesses. critique 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 culpable (adjective) deserving blame, guilty. Although he committed the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 crime, because he was mentally ill he should not be considered culpable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for his actions. culpability (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cumulative (adjective) made up of successive additions. Smallpox was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminated only through the cumulative efforts of several generations of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doctors and scientists. accumulation (noun), accumulate (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 curtail (verb) to shorten. Because of the military emergency, all soldiers on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leave were ordered to curtail their absences and return to duty. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 debased (adjective) lowered in quality, character, or esteem. The quality of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 TV journalism has been debased by the many new tabloid-style talk 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shows. debase (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 debunk (verb) to expose as false or worthless. Magician James Randi 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 loves to debunk psychics, mediums, clairvoyants, and others who claim 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supernatural powers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decorous (adjective) having good taste; proper, appropriate. The once 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reserved and decorous style of the British monarchy began to change 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when the chic, flamboyant young Diana Spencer joined the family. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decorum (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decry (verb) to criticize or condemn. Cigarette ads aimed at youngsters 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have led many to decry the marketing tactics of the tobacco industry. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deduction (noun) a logical conclusion, especially a specific conclusion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 based on general principles. Based on what is known about the effects 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of greenhouse gases on atmospheric temperature, scientists have made 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 several deductions about the likelihood of global warming. deduce 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 157 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 delegate (verb) to give authority or responsibility. The president delegated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the vice president to represent the administration at the peace talks. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 delegate (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deleterious (adjective) harmful. About thirty years ago, scientists proved 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that working with asbestos could be deleterious to one’s health, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 producing cancer and other diseases. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 delineate (verb) to outline or describe. Naturalists had long suspected the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fact of evolution, but Darwin was the first to delineate a process— 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 natural selection—through which evolution could occur. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 demagogue (noun) a leader who plays dishonestly on the prejudices and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emotions of his followers. Senator Joseph McCarthy was a demagogue 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 who used the paranoia of the anti-Communist 1950s as a way of seizing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fame and power in Washington. demagoguery (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 demure (adjective) modest or shy. The demure heroines of Victorian 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fiction have given way to today’s stronger, more opinionated, and more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 independent female characters. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 denigrate (verb) to criticize or belittle. The firm’s new president tried to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explain his plans for improving the company without seeming to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 denigrate the work of his predecessor. denigration (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 depose (verb) to remove from office, especially from a throne. Iran was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formerly ruled by a monarch called the Shah, who was deposed in 1976. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 derelict (adjective) neglecting one’s duty. The train crash was blamed on a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 switchman who was derelict, having fallen asleep while on duty. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dereliction (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 derivative (adjective) taken from a particular source. When a person first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writes poetry, her poems are apt to be derivative of whatever poetry she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most enjoys reading. derivation (noun), derive (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 desolate (adjective) empty, lifeless, and deserted; hopeless, gloomy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Robinson Crusoe was shipwrecked and had to learn to survive alone on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a desolate island. The murder of her husband left Mary Lincoln 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 desolate. desolation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 destitute (adjective) very poor. Years of rule by a dictator who stole the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wealth of the country had left the people of the Philippines destitute. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 destitution (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 158 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deter (verb) to discourage from acting. The best way to deter crime is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insure that criminals will receive swift and certain punishment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deterrence (noun), deterrent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 detractor (noun) someone who belittles or disparages. Neil Diamond has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many detractors who consider his music boring, inane, and sentimental. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 detract (verb). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deviate (verb) to depart from a standard or norm. Having agreed upon a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spending budget for the company, we mustn’t deviate from it; if we do, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 we may run out of money soon. deviation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 devious (adjective) tricky, deceptive. Milken’s devious financial tactics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were designed to enrich his firm while confusing or misleading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 government regulators. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 didactic (adjective) intended to teach, instructive. The children’s TV show 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sesame Street is designed to be both entertaining and didactic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diffident (adjective) hesitant, reserved, shy. Someone with a diffident 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 personality should pursue a career that involves little public contact. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diffidence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diffuse (verb) to spread out, to scatter. The red dye quickly became 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diffused through the water, turning it a very pale pink. diffusion (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 digress (verb) to wander from the main path or the main topic. My high 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 school biology teacher loved to digress from science into personal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anecdotes about his college adventures. digression (noun), digressive 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dilatory (adjective) delaying, procrastinating. The lawyer used various 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dilatory tactics, hoping that his opponent would get tired of waiting for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a trial and drop the case. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diligent (adjective) working hard and steadily. Through diligent efforts, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the townspeople were able to clear away the debris from the flood in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 matter of days. diligence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diminutive (adjective) unusually small, tiny. Children are fond of Shetland 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ponies because their diminutive size makes them easy to ride. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diminution (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discern (verb) to detect, notice, or observe. I could discern the shape of a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whale off the starboard bow, but it was too far away to determine its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 size or species. discernment (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 159 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disclose (verb) to make known; to reveal. Election laws require candidates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to disclose the names of those who contribute money to their 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 campaigns. disclosure (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discomfit (verb) to frustrate, thwart, or embarrass. Discomfited by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interviewer’s unexpected question, Peter could only stammer in reply. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discomfiture (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disconcert (verb) to confuse or embarrass. When the hallway bells began 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to ring halfway through her lecture, the speaker was disconcerted and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 didn’t know what to do. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discredit (verb) to cause disbelief in the accuracy of some statement or the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reliability of a person. Although many people still believe in UFOs, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 among scientists the reports of “alien encounters” have been thoroughly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discredited. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discreet (adjective) showing good judgment in speech and behavior. Be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discreet when discussing confidential business matters—don’t talk 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 among strangers on the elevator, for example. discretion (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discrepancy (noun) a difference or variance between two or more things. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The discrepancies between the two witnesses’ stories show that one of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them must be lying. discrepant (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disdain (noun) contempt, scorn. Millionaire Leona Helmsley was disliked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by many people because she treated “little people” with such disdain. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disdain (verb), disdainful (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disingenuous (adjective) pretending to be candid, simple, and frank. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When Texas billionaire H. Ross Perot ran for president, many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considered his “jest plain folks” style disingenuous. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disparage (verb) to speak disrespectfully about, to belittle. Many political 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ads today both praise their own candidate and disparage his or her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opponent. disparagement (noun), disparaging (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disparity (noun) difference in quality or kind. There is often a disparity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the kind of high-quality television people say they want and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 low-brow programs they actually watch. disparate (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disregard (verb) to ignore, to neglect. If you don’t write a will, when you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 die, your survivors may disregard your wishes about how your property 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be handled. disregard (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 160 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disruptive (adjective) causing disorder, interrupting. When the senator 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spoke at our college, angry demonstrators picketed, heckled, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 engaged in other disruptive activities. disrupt (verb), disruption (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dissemble (verb) to pretend, to simulate. When the police questioned her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about the crime, she dissembled innocence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dissipate (verb) to spread out or scatter. The windows and doors were 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opened, allowing the smoke that had filled the room to dissipate. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dissipation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dissonance (noun) lack of music harmony; lack of agreement between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas. Most modern music is characterized by dissonance, which many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 listeners find hard to enjoy. There is a noticeable dissonance between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two common beliefs of most conservatives: their faith in unfettered free 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 markets and their preference for traditional social values. dissonant 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diverge (verb) to move in different directions. Frost’s poem The Road Less 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Traveled tells of the choice he made when “Two roads diverged in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yellow wood.” divergence (noun), divergent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diversion (noun) a distraction or pastime. During the two hours he spent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the doctor’s waiting room, his hand-held computer game was a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 welcome diversion. divert (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 divination (noun) the art of predicting the future. In ancient Greece, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people wanting to know their fate would visit the priests at Delphi, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supposedly skilled at divination. divine (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 divisive (adjective) causing disagreement or disunity. Throughout history, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 race has been the most divisive issue in American society. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 divulge (verb) to reveal. The people who count the votes for the Oscar 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 awards are under strict orders not to divulge the names of the winners. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dogmatic (adjective) holding firmly to a particular set of beliefs with little 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or no basis. Believers in Marxist doctrine tend to be dogmatic, ignoring 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evidence that contradicts their beliefs. dogmatism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dominant (adjective) greatest in importance or power. Turner’s Frontier 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thesis suggests that the existence of the frontier had a dominant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 influence on American culture. dominate (verb), domination (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dubious (adjective) doubtful, uncertain. Despite the chairman’s attempts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to convince the committee members that his plan would succeed, most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of them remained dubious. dubiety (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 161 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 durable (adjective) long lasting. Denim is a popular material for work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clothes because it is strong and durable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 duress (noun) compulsion or restraint. Fearing that the police might beat 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 him, he confessed to the crime, not willingly but under duress. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eclectic (adjective) drawn from many sources; varied, heterogeneous. The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mellon family art collection is an eclectic one, including works ranging 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from ancient Greek sculptures to modern paintings. eclecticism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 efficacious (adjective) able to produce a desired effect. Though thousands 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of people today are taking herbal supplements to treat depression, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 researchers have not yet proved them efficacious. efficacy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effrontery (noun) shameless boldness. The sports world was shocked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when a pro basketball player had the effrontery to choke his head coach 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 during a practice session. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effusive (adjective) pouring forth one’s emotions very freely. Having won 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Oscar for Best Actress, Sally Field gave an effusive acceptance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 speech in which she marveled, “You like me! You really like me!” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effusion (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 egoism (noun) excessive concern with oneself; conceit. Robert’s egoism 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 was so great that all he could talk about was the importance—and the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 brilliance—of his own opinions. egoistic (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 egregious (adjective) obvious, conspicuous, flagrant. It’s hard to imagine 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how the editor could allow such an egregious error to appear. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elated (adjective) excited and happy; exultant. When the Green Bay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Packers’ last, desperate pass was dropped, the elated fans of the Denver 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Broncos began to celebrate. elate (verb), elation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elliptical (adjective) very terse or concise in writing or speech; difficult to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand. Rather than speak plainly, she hinted at her meaning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through a series of nods, gestures, and elliptical half sentences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elusive (adjective) hard to capture, grasp, or understand. Though every9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one thinks they know what “justice” is, when you try to define the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concept precisely, it proves to be quite elusive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 162 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 embezzle (verb) to steal money or property that has been entrusted to your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 care. The church treasurer was found to have embezzled thousands of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dollars by writing phony checks on the church bank account. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 embezzlement (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emend (verb) to correct. Before the letter is mailed, please emend the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spelling errors. emendation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emigrate (verb) to leave one place or country to settle elsewhere. Millions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of Irish emigrated to the New World in the wake of the great Irish 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 famines of the 1840s. emigrant (noun), emigration (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eminent (adjective) noteworthy, famous. Vaclav Havel was an eminent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author before being elected president of the Czech Republic. eminence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emissary (noun) someone who represents another. In an effort to avoid a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 military showdown, Carter was sent as an emissary to Korea to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negotiate a settlement. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emollient (noun) something that softens or soothes. She used a hand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cream as an emollient on her dry, work-roughened hands. emollient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 empathy (noun) imaginative sharing of the feelings, thoughts, or experi9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ences of another. It’s easy for a parent to have empathy for the sorrow of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 another parent whose child has died. empathetic (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 empirical (adjective) based on experience or personal observation. Al123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 though many people believe in ESP, scientists have found no empirical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evidence of its existence. empiricism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 emulate (verb) to imitate or copy. The British band Oasis admitted their 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 desire to emulate their idols, the Beatles. emulation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 encroach (verb) to go beyond acceptable limits; to trespass. By quietly 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seizing more and more authority, Robert Moses continually encroached 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the powers of other government leaders. encroachment (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enervate (verb) to reduce the energy or strength of someone or something. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The stress of the operation left her feeling enervated for about two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weeks. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 engender (verb) to produce, to cause. Countless disagreements over the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proper use of national forests have engendered feelings of hostility 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between ranchers and environmentalists. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 163 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enhance (verb) to improve in value or quality. New kitchen appliances will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enhance your house and increase the amount of money you’ll make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when you sell it. enhancement (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enmity (noun) hatred, hostility, ill will. Long-standing enmity, like that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, is difficult 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to overcome. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enthrall (verb) to enchant or charm. When the Swedish singer Jenny Lind 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 toured America in the nineteenth century, audiences were enthralled by 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her beauty and talent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ephemeral (adjective) quickly disappearing; transient. Stardom in pop mu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sic is ephemeral; most of the top acts of ten years ago are forgotten today. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equanimity (noun) calmness of mind, especially under stress. Roosevelt 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 had the gift of facing the great crises of his presidency—the Depression 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the Second World War—with equanimity and even humor. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eradicate (verb) to destroy completely. American society has failed to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eradicate racism, although some of its worst effects have been reduced. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 espouse (verb) to take up as a cause; to adopt. No politician in American 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 today will openly espouse racism, although some behave and speak in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 racially prejudiced ways. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 euphoric (adjective) a feeling of extreme happiness and well-being; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 elation. One often feels euphoric during the earliest days of a new love 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 affair. euphoria (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evanescent (adjective) vanishing like a vapor; fragile and transient. As she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 walked by, the evanescent fragrance of her perfume reached me for just 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an instant. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exacerbate (verb) to make worse or more severe. The roads in our town 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already have too much traffic; building a new shopping mall will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exacerbate the problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exasperate (verb) to irritate or annoy. Because she was trying to study, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sharon was exasperated by the yelling of her neighbors’ children. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exculpate (verb) to free from blame or guilt. When someone else confessed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the crime, the previous suspect was exculpated. exculpation (noun), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exculpatory (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exemplary (adjective) worthy to serve as a model. The Baldrige Award is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given to a company with exemplary standards of excellence in products 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and service. exemplar (noun), exemplify (verb). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 164 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exonerate (verb) to free from blame. Although Jewell was suspected at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first of being involved in the bombing, later evidence exonerated him. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exoneration (noun), exonerative (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expansive (adjective) broad and large; speaking openly and freely. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 LBJ Ranch is located on an expansive tract of land in Texas. Over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dinner, she became expansive in describing her dreams for the future. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expedite (verb) to carry out promptly. As the flood waters rose, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 governor ordered state agencies to expedite their rescue efforts. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expertise (noun) skill, mastery. The software company was eager to hire 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new graduates with programming expertise. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expiate (verb) to atone for. The president’s apology to the survivors of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 notorious Tuskegee experiments was his attempt to expiate the nation’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guilt over their mistreatment. expiation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expropriate (verb) to seize ownership of. When the Communists came to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 power in China, they expropriated most businesses and turned them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 over to government-appointed managers. expropriation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extant (adjective) currently in existence. Of the seven ancient Wonders of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the World, only the pyramids of Egypt are still extant. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extenuate (verb) to make less serious. Karen’s guilt is extenuated by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fact that she was only twelve when she committed the theft. extenuating 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective), extenuation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extol (verb) to greatly praise. At the party convention, speaker after 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 speaker rose to extol their candidate for the presidency. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extricate (verb) to free from a difficult or complicated situation. Much of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the humor in the TV show I Love Lucy comes in watching Lucy try to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extricate herself from the problems she creates by fibbing or trickery. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extricable (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extrinsic (adjective) not an innate part or aspect of something; external. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The high price of old baseball cards is due to extrinsic factors, such as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the nostalgia felt by baseball fans for the stars of their youth, rather than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the inherent beauty or value of the cards themselves. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exuberant (adjective) wildly joyous and enthusiastic. As the final seconds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the game ticked away, the fans of the winning team began an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exuberant celebration. exuberance (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 165 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 facile (adjective) easy; shallow or superficial. The one-minute political 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 commercial favors a candidate with facile opinions rather than serious, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thoughtful solutions. facilitate (verb), facility (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fallacy (noun) an error in fact or logic. It’s a fallacy to think that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “natural” means “healthful”; after all, the deadly poison arsenic is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completely natural. fallacious (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 felicitous (adjective) pleasing, fortunate, apt. The sudden blossoming of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the dogwood trees on the morning of Matt’s wedding seemed a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 felicitous sign of good luck. felicity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 feral (adjective) wild. The garbage dump was inhabited by a pack of feral 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dogs, that had escaped from their owners and become completely wild. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fervent (adjective) full of intense feeling; ardent, zealous. In the days just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 after his religious conversion, his piety was at its most fervent. fervid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective), fervor (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 flagrant (adjective) obviously wrong; offensive. Nixon was forced to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resign the presidency after a series of flagrant crimes against the U.S. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Constitution. flagrancy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 flamboyant (adjective) very colorful, showy, or elaborate. At Mardi Gras, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 partygoers compete to show off the most wild and flamboyant outfits. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 florid (adjective) flowery, fancy; reddish. The grand ballroom was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decorated in a florid style. Years of heavy drinking had given him a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 florid complexion. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 foppish (adjective) describing a man who is foolishly vain about his dress 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or appearance. The foppish character of the 1890s wore bright-colored 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spats and a top hat; in the 1980s, he wore fancy suspenders and a shirt 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a contrasting collar. fop (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formidable (adjective) awesome, impressive, or frightening. According to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his plaque in the Baseball Hall of Fame, pitcher Tom Seaver turned the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 New York Mets “from lovable losers into formidable foes.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 fortuitous (adjective) lucky, fortunate. Although the mayor claimed credit 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the falling crime rate, it was really caused by several fortuitous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trends. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 166 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fractious (adjective) troublesome, unruly. Members of the British Parlia9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment are often fractious, shouting insults and sarcastic questions during 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 debates. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fragility (noun) the quality of being easy to break; delicacy, weakness. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Because of their fragility, few stained glass windows from the early 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Middle Ages have survived. fragile (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fraternize (verb) to associate with on friendly terms. Although baseball 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 players aren’t supposed to fraternize with their opponents, players from 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposing teams often chat before games. fraternization (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frenetic (adjective) chaotic, frantic. The floor of the stock exchange, filled 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with traders shouting and gesturing, is a scene of frenetic activity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frivolity (noun) lack of seriousness; levity. The frivolity of the Mardi Gras 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carnival is in contrast to the seriousness of the religious season of Lent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that follows. frivolous (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frugal (adjective) spending little. With our last few dollars, we bought a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frugal dinner: a loaf of bread and a piece of cheese. frugality (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fugitive (noun) someone trying to escape. When two prisoners broke out 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the local jail, police were warned to keep an eye out for the fugitives. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fugitive (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 G 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gargantuan (adjective) huge, colossal. The building of the Great Wall of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 China was one of the most gargantuan projects ever undertaken. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 genial (adjective) friendly, gracious. A good host welcomes all visitors in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 warm and genial fashion. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grandiose (adjective) overly large, pretentious, or showy. Among Hitler’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grandiose plans for Berlin was a gigantic building with a dome several 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 times larger than any ever built. grandiosity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gratuitous (adjective) given freely or without cause. Since her opinion was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not requested, her harsh criticism of his singing seemed a gratuitous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insult. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gregarious (adjective) enjoying the company of others; sociable. Marty is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 naturally gregarious, a popular member of several clubs and a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sought-after lunch companion. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 167 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guileless (adjective) without cunning; innocent. Deborah’s guileless per9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sonality and complete honesty make it hard for her to survive in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 harsh world of politics. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gullible (adjective) easily fooled. When the sweepstakes entry form arrived 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bearing the message, “You may be a winner!” my gullible neighbor tried 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to claim a prize. gullibility (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 H 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hackneyed (adjective) without originality, trite. When someone invented 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the phrase, “No pain, no gain,” it was clever, but now it is so commonly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 heard that it seems hackneyed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 haughty (adjective) overly proud. The fashion model strode down the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 runway, her hips thrust forward and a haughty expression, like a sneer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on her face. haughtiness (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hedonist (noun) someone who lives mainly to pursue pleasure. Having 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inherited great wealth, he chose to live the life of a hedonist, traveling 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the world in luxury. hedonism (noun), hedonistic (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 heinous (adjective) very evil, hateful. The massacre by Pol Pot of more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than a million Cambodians is one of the twentieth century’s most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 heinous crimes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 hierarchy (noun) a ranking of people, things, or ideas from highest to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lowest. A cabinet secretary ranks just below the president and vice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 president in the hierarchy of the executive branch. hierarchical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypocrisy (noun) a false pretense of virtue. When the sexual misconduct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the television preacher was exposed, his followers were shocked at 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his hypocrisy. hypocritical (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 iconoclast (noun) someone who attacks traditional beliefs or institutions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Comedian Dennis Miller enjoys his reputation as an iconoclast, though 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people in power often resent his satirical jabs. iconoclasm (noun), 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 iconoclastic (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 168 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idiosyncratic (adjective) peculiar to an individual; eccentric. Cyndi Lauper 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sings pop music in an idiosyncratic style, mingling high-pitched whoops 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and squeals with throaty gurgles. idiosyncrasy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idolatry (noun) the worship of a person, thing, or institution as a god. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Communist China, Chairman Mao was the subject of idolatry; his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 picture was displayed everywhere, and millions of Chinese memorized 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his sayings. idolatrous (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impartial (adjective) fair, equal, unbiased. If a judge is not impartial, then 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all of her rulings are questionable. impartiality (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impeccable (adjective) flawless. The crooks printed impeccable copies of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Super Bowl tickets, making it impossible to distinguish them from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the real ones. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impetuous (adjective) acting hastily or impulsively. Ben’s resignation was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an impetuous act; he did it without thinking, and he soon regretted it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impetuosity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impinge (verb) to encroach upon, touch, or affect. You have a right to do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whatever you want, so long as your actions don’t impinge on the rights 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of others. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 implicit (adjective) understood without being openly expressed; implied. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although most clubs had no rules excluding students, many had an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 implicit understanding that no students would be allowed to join. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impute (verb) to credit or give responsibility to; to attribute. Although 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sarah’s comments embarrassed me, I don’t impute any ill will to her; I 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 think she didn’t realize what she was saying. imputation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inarticulate (adjective) unable to speak or express oneself clearly and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understandably. A skilled athlete may be an inarticulate public speaker, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as demonstrated by many post-game interviews. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incisive (adjective) expressed clearly and directly. Franklin settled the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 debate with a few incisive remarks that summed up the issue perfectly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incompatible (adjective) unable to exist together; conflicting. Many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people hold seemingly incompatible beliefs: for example, supporting the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 death penalty while believing in the sacredness of human life. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incompatibility (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inconsequential (adjective) of little importance. When the stereo was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 delivered, it was a different shade of gray than I expected, but the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difference was inconsequential. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 169 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incontrovertible (adjective) impossible to question. The fact that Sheila’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fingerprints were the only ones on the murder weapon made her guilt 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seem incontrovertible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrigible (adjective) impossible to manage or reform. Lou is an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrigible trickster, constantly playing practical jokes no matter how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much his friends complain. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incremental (adjective) increasing gradually by small amounts. Although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the initial cost of the Medicare program was small, the incremental 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expenses have grown to be very large. increment (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incriminate (adjective) to give evidence of guilt. The fifth amendment to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Constitution says that no one is required to reveal information that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would incriminate him in a crime. incriminating (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incumbent (noun) someone who occupies an office or position. It is often 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficult for a challenger to win a seat in Congress from the incumbent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incumbency (noun), incumbent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indeterminate (adjective) not definitely known. The college plans to enroll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an indeterminate number of students; the size of the class will depend on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the number of applicants and how many accept offers of admission. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indifferent (adjective) unconcerned, apathetic. The mayor’s small pro9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 posed budget for education suggests that he is indifferent to the needs of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 our schools. indifference (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indistinct (adjective) unclear, uncertain. We could see boats on the water, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but in the thick morning fog their shapes were indistinct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indomitable (adjective) unable to be conquered or controlled. The world 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 admired the indomitable spirit of Nelson Mandela; he remained 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 courageous despite years of imprisonment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 induce (verb) to cause. The doctor prescribed a medicine that was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supposed to induce a lowering of the blood pressure. induction (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ineffable (adjective) difficult to describe or express. He gazed in silence at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sunrise over the Taj Mahal, his eyes reflecting an ineffable sense of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wonder. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inevitable (adjective) unable to be avoided. Once the Japanese attacked 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pearl Harbor, American involvement in World War II was inevitable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inevitability (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 170 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inexorable (adjective) unable to be deterred; relentless. It’s difficult to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 imagine how the mythic character of Oedipus could have avoided his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evil destiny; his fate appears inexorable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ingenious (adjective) showing cleverness and originality. The Post-it note 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is an ingenious solution to a common problem—how to mark papers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 without spoiling them. ingenuity (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inherent (adjective) naturally part of something. Compromise is inherent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in democracy, since everyone cannot get his way. inhere (verb), 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inherence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 innate (adjective) inborn, native. Not everyone who takes piano lessons 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 becomes a fine musician, which shows that music requires innate talent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as well as training. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 innocuous (adjective) harmless, inoffensive. I was surprised that Andrea 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 took offense at such an innocuous joke. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inoculate (verb) to prevent a disease by infusing with a disease-causing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organism. Pasteur found he could prevent rabies by inoculating patients 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the virus that causes the disease. inoculation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insipid (adjective) flavorless, uninteresting. Most TV shows are so insipid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that you can watch them while reading without missing a thing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insipidity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insolence (noun) an attitude or behavior that is bold and disrespectful. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some feel that news reporters who shout questions at the president are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 behaving with insolence. insolent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insular (adjective) narrow or isolated in attitude or viewpoint. Americans 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are famous for their insular attitudes; they seem to think that nothing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important has ever happened outside of their country. insularity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insurgency (noun) uprising, rebellion. The angry townspeople had begun 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an insurgency bordering on downright revolution; they were collecting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arms, holding secret meetings, and refusing to pay certain taxes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insurgent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 integrity (noun) honesty, uprightness; soundness, completeness. “Honest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Abe” Lincoln is considered a model of political integrity. Inspectors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examined the building’s support beams and foundation and found no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reason to doubt its structural integrity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 171 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interlocutor (noun) someone taking part in a dialogue or conversation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Annoyed by the constant questions from someone in the crowd, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 speaker challenged his interlocutor to offer a better plan. interlocutory 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interlude (noun) an interrupting period or performance. The two most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dramatic scenes in King Lear are separated, strangely, by a comic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interlude starring the king’s jester. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interminable (adjective) endless or seemingly endless. Addressing the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 United Nations, Castro announced, “We will be brief”—then delivered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an interminable 4-hour speech. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intransigent (adjective) unwilling to compromise. Despite the mediator’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attempts to suggest a fair solution, the two parties were intransigent, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forcing a showdown. intransigence (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intrepid (adjective) fearless and resolute. Only an intrepid adventurer is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 willing to undertake the long and dangerous trip by sled to the South 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pole. intrepidity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intrusive (adjective) forcing a way in without being welcome. The legal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 requirement of a search warrant is supposed to protect Americans from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intrusive searches by the police. intrude (verb), intrusion (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intuitive (adjective) known directly, without apparent thought or effort. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An experienced chess player sometimes has an intuitive sense of the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 move to make, even if she can’t explain it. intuit (verb), intuition (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inundate (verb) to flood; to overwhelm. As soon as playoff tickets went on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sale, eager fans inundated the box office with orders. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 invariable (adjective) unchanging, constant. When writing a book, it was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her invariable habit to rise at 6 and work at her desk from 7 to 12. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 invariability (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inversion (noun) a turning backwards, inside-out, or upside-down; a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reversal. Latin poetry often features inversion of word order; for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example, the first line of Virgil’s Aeneid: “Arms and the man I sing.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 invert (verb), inverted (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inveterate (adjective) persistent, habitual. It’s very difficult for an inveter9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ate gambler to give up the pastime. inveteracy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 invigorate (verb) to give energy to, to stimulate. As her car climbed the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mountain road, Lucinda felt invigorated by the clear air and the cool 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 breezes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 172 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 invincible (adjective) impossible to conquer or overcome. For three years 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the height of his career, boxer Mike Tyson seemed invincible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inviolable (adjective) impossible to attack or trespass upon. In the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 president’s remote hideaway at Camp David, guarded by the Secret 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Service, his privacy is, for once, inviolable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 irrational (adjective) unreasonable. Charles knew that his fear of insects 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was irrational, but he was unable to overcome it. irrationality (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 irresolute (adjective) uncertain how to act, indecisive. When McGovern 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first said he supported his vice presidential candidate “one thousand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 percent,” then dropped him from the ticket, it made McGovern appear 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 irresolute. irresolution (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 J 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 jeopardize (verb) to put in danger. Terrorist attacks jeopardize the fragile 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 peace in the Middle East. jeopardy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 juxtapose (verb) to put side by side. It was strange to see the old-time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actor Charlton Heston and rock icon Bob Dylan juxtaposed at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 awards ceremony. juxtaposition (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 L 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 languid (adjective) without energy; slow, sluggish, listless. The hot, humid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weather of late August can make anyone feel languid. languish (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 languor (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 latent (adjective) not currently obvious or active; hidden. Although he had 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 committed only a single act of violence, the psychiatrist who examined 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 him said he had probably always had a latent tendency toward violence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 latency (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 laudatory (adjective) giving praise. The ads for the movie are filled with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 laudatory comments from critics. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lenient (adjective) mild, soothing, or forgiving. The judge was known for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his lenient disposition; he rarely imposed long jail sentences on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criminals. leniency (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 173 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lethargic (adjective) lacking energy; sluggish. Visitors to the zoo are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surprised that the lions appear so lethargic, but, in the wild, lions sleep 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up to 18 hours a day. lethargy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 liability (noun) an obligation or debt; a weakness or drawback. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insurance company had a liability of millions of dollars after the town 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was destroyed by a tornado. Slowness afoot is a serious liability in an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aspiring basketball player. liable (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lithe (adjective) flexible and graceful. The ballet dancer was almost as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lithe as a cat. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 longevity (noun) length of life; durability. The reduction in early deaths 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from infectious diseases is responsible for most of the increase in human 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 longevity over the past two centuries. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lucid (adjective) clear and understandable. Hawking’s A Short History of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Universe is a lucid explanation of modern scientific theories about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the origin of the universe. lucidity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lurid (adjective) shocking, gruesome. While the serial killer was on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 loose, the newspapers were filled with lurid stories about his crimes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 M 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 malediction (noun) curse. In the fairy tale “Sleeping Beauty,” the princess 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 is trapped in a death-like sleep because of the malediction uttered by an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angry witch. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 malevolence (noun) hatred, ill will. Critics say that Iago, the villain in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Shakespeare’s Othello, seems to exhibit malevolence with no real cause. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 malevolent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 malinger (verb) to pretend incapacity or illness to avoid a duty or work. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 During the labor dispute, hundreds of employees malingered, forcing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the company to slow production and costing it millions in profits. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 malleable (adjective) able to be changed, shaped, or formed by outside 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pressures. Gold is a very useful metal because it is so malleable. A child’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 personality is malleable and deeply influenced by the things her parents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 say and do. malleability (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mandate (noun) order, command. The new policy on gays in the military 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 went into effect as soon as the president issued his mandate about it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mandate (verb), mandatory (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 174 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 maturation (noun) the process of becoming fully grown or developed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Free markets in the former Communist nations are likely to operate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 smoothly only after a long period of maturation. mature (adjective and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verb), maturity (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mediate (verb) to act to reconcile differences between two parties. During 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the baseball strike, both the players and the club owners were willing to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have the president mediate the dispute. mediation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mediocrity (noun) the state of being middling or poor in quality. The New 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 York Mets, finished in ninth place in 1968, won the world’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 championship in 1969, going from horrible to great in a single year and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 skipping mediocrity. mediocre (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mercurial (adjective) changing quickly and unpredictably. The mercurial 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 personality of Robin Williams, with his many voices and styles, made 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 him perfect for the role of the ever-changing genie in Aladdin. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meticulous (adjective) very careful with details. Repairing watches calls 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for a craftsperson who is patient and meticulous. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mimicry (noun) imitation, aping. The continued popularity of Elvis 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Presley has given rise to a class of entertainers who make a living 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through mimicry of “The King.” mimic (noun and verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 misconception (noun) a mistaken idea. Columbus sailed west with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 misconception that he would reach the shores of Asia. misconceive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mitigate (verb) to make less severe; to relieve. Wallace certainly commit9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ted the assault, but the verbal abuse he’d received helps to explain his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 behavior and somewhat mitigates his guilt. mitigation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modicum (noun) a small amount. The plan for your new business is well 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 designed; with a modicum of luck, you should be successful. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mollify (verb) to soothe or calm; to appease. Carla tried to mollify the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angry customer by promising him a full refund. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 morose (adjective) gloomy, sullen. After Chuck’s girlfriend dumped him, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 he lay around the house for a couple of days, feeling morose. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mundane (adjective) everyday, ordinary, commonplace. Moviegoers in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1930s liked the glamorous films of Fred Astaire because they provided 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an escape from the mundane problems of life during the Great 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Depression. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 175 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 munificent (adjective) very generous; lavish. Ted Turner’s billion-dollar 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 donation to the United Nations is probably the most munificent act of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 charity in history. munificence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mutable (adjective) likely to change. A politician’s reputation can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 highly mutable, as seen in the case of Harry Truman—mocked during 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his lifetime, revered afterward. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 N 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 narcissistic (adjective) showing excessive love for oneself; egoistic. Andre’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 room, decorated with photos of himself and the sports trophies he has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 won, suggests a narcissistic personality. narcissism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nocturnal (adjective) of the night; active at night. Travelers on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Underground Railroad escaped from slavery to the North by a series of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nocturnal flights. The eyes of nocturnal animals must be sensitive in dim 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 light. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nonchalant (adjective) appearing to be unconcerned. Unlike the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 players on the football team, who pumped their fists when their names 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were announced, John ran on the field with a nonchalant wave. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nonchalance (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nondescript (adjective) without distinctive qualities; drab. The bank 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 robber’s clothes were nondescript; none of the witnesses could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remember their color or style. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 notorious (adjective) famous, especially for evil actions or qualities. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Warner Brothers produced a series of movies about notorious gangsters 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 such as John Dillinger and Al Capone. notoriety (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 novice (noun) beginner, tyro. Lifting your head before you finish your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 swing is a typical mistake committed by the novice at golf. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nuance (noun) a subtle difference or quality. At first glance, Monet’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paintings of water lilies all look much alike, but the more you study 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them, the more you appreciate the nuances of color and shading that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distinguish them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nurture (verb) to nourish or help to grow. The money given by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 National Endowment for the Arts helps nurture local arts organizations 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throughout the country. nurture (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 176 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obdurate (adjective) unwilling to change; stubborn, inflexible. Despite the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many pleas he received, the governor was obdurate in his refusal to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grant clemency to the convicted murderer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 objective (adjective) dealing with observable facts rather than opinions or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interpretations. When a legal case involves a shocking crime, it may be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard for a judge to remain objective in his rulings. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 oblivious (adjective) unaware, unconscious. Karen practiced her oboe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with complete concentration, oblivious to the noise and activity around 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her. oblivion (noun), obliviousness (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obscure (adjective) little known; hard to understand. Mendel was an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obscure monk until decades after his death, when his scientific work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was finally discovered. Most people find the writings of James Joyce 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obscure; hence the popularity of books that explain his books. obscure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb), obscurity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obsessive (adjective) haunted or preoccupied by an idea or feeling. His 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concern with cleanliness became so obsessive that he washed his hands 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 twenty times every day. obsess (verb), obsession (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obsolete (adjective) no longer current; old-fashioned. W. H. Auden said 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that his ideal landscape would include water wheels, wooden grain 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mills, and other forms of obsolete machinery. obsolescence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obstinate (adjective) stubborn, unyielding. Despite years of effort, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem of drug abuse remains obstinate. obstinacy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obtrusive (adjective) overly prominent. Philip should sing more softly; his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bass is so obtrusive that the other singers can barely be heard. obtrude 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb), obtrusion (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ominous (adjective) foretelling evil. Ominous black clouds gathered on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the horizon, for a violent storm was fast approaching. omen (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 onerous (adjective) heavy, burdensome. The hero Hercules was ordered to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clean the Augean Stables, one of several onerous tasks known as “the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 labors of Hercules.” onus (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opportunistic (adjective) eagerly seizing chances as they arise. When 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Princess Diana died suddenly, opportunistic publishers quickly released 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 books about her life and death. opportunism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 177 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opulent (adjective) rich, lavish. The mansion of newspaper tycoon Hearst 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is famous for its opulent decor. opulence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ornate (adjective) highly decorated, elaborate. Baroque architecture is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 often highly ornate, featuring surfaces covered with carving, sinuous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 curves, and painted scenes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ostentatious (adjective) overly showy, pretentious. To show off his wealth, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the millionaire threw an ostentatious party featuring a full orchestra, a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 famous singer, and tens of thousands of dollars worth of food. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ostracize (verb) to exclude from a group. In Biblical times, those who suffered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the disease of leprosy were ostracized and forced to live alone. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ostracism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 P 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pallid (adjective) pale; dull. Working all day in the coal mine had given 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 him a pallid complexion. The new musical offers only pallid entertain9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment: the music is lifeless, the acting dull, the story absurd. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parched (adjective) very dry; thirsty. After two months without rain, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 crops were shriveled and parched by the sun. parch (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pariah (noun) outcast. Accused of robbery, he became a pariah; his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 neighbors stopped talking to him, and people he’d considered friends no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 longer called. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 partisan (adjective) reflecting strong allegiance to a particular party or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cause. The vote on the president’s budget was strictly partisan: every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 member of the president’s party voted yes, and all others voted no. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 partisan (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pathology (noun) disease or the study of disease; extreme abnormality. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some people believe that high rates of crime are symptoms of an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underlying social pathology. pathological (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pellucid (adjective) very clear; transparent; easy to understand. The water 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the mountain stream was cold and pellucid. Thanks to the professor’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pellucid explanation, I finally understand relativity theory. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 penitent (adjective) feeling sorry for past crimes or sins. Having grown 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 penitent, he wrote a long letter of apology, asking forgiveness. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 178 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 penurious (adjective) extremely frugal; stingy. Haunted by memories of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 poverty, he lived in penurious fashion, driving a twelve-year-old car and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wearing only the cheapest clothes. penury (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perceptive (adjective) quick to notice, observant. With his perceptive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intelligence, Holmes was the first to notice the importance of this clue. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perceptible (adjective), perception (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perfidious (adjective) disloyal, treacherous. Although he was one of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most talented generals of the American Revolution, Benedict Arnold is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remembered today as a perfidious betrayer of his country. perfidy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perfunctory (adjective) unenthusiastic, routine, or mechanical. When the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 play opened, the actors sparkled, but by the thousandth night their 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 performance had become perfunctory. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 permeate (verb) to spread through or penetrate. Little by little, the smell 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of gas from the broken pipe permeated the house. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 persevere (adjective) to continue despite difficulties. Although several of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her teammates dropped out of the marathon, Laura persevered. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perseverance (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perspicacity (noun) keenness of observation or understanding. Journalist 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Murray Kempton was famous for the perspicacity of his comments on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 social and political issues. perspicacious (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 peruse (verb) to examine or study. Mary-Jo perused the contract carefully 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before she signed it. perusal (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pervasive (adjective) spreading throughout. As news of the disaster 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reached the town, a pervasive sense of gloom could be felt. pervade 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 phlegmatic (adjective) sluggish and unemotional in temperament. It was 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surprising to see Tom, who is normally so phlegmatic, acting excited. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 placate (verb) to soothe or appease. The waiter tried to placate the angry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 customer with the offer of a free dessert. placatory (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plastic (adjective) able to be molded or reshaped. Because it is highly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plastic, clay is an easy material for beginning sculptors to use. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plausible (adjective) apparently believable. The idea that a widespread 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conspiracy to kill President Kennedy has been kept secret for over thirty 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 years hardly seems plausible. plausibility (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 179 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 polarize (adjective) to separate into opposing groups or forces. For years, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the abortion debate polarized the American people, with many people 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 voicing extreme views and few trying to find a middle ground. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 polarization (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 portend (verb) to indicate a future event; to forebode. According to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 folklore, a red sky at dawn portends a day of stormy weather. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 potentate (noun) a powerful ruler. Before the Russian Revolution, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tsar was one of the last hereditary potentates of Europe. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pragmatism (noun) a belief in approaching problems through practical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rather than theoretical means. Roosevelt’s approach toward the Great 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Depression was based on pragmatism: “Try something,” he said; “If it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t work, try something else.” pragmatic (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preamble (noun) an introductory statement. The preamble to the Consti9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tution begins with the famous words, “We the people of the United 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 States of America . . .” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 precocious (adjective) mature at an unusually early age. Picasso was so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 precocious as an artist that, at nine, he is said to have painted far better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pictures than his teacher. precocity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 predatory (adjective) living by killing and eating other animals; exploiting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 others for personal gain. The tiger is the largest predatory animal native 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to Asia. Microsoft has been accused of predatory business practices that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prevent other software companies from competing with them. preda9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion (noun), predator (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 predilection (noun) a liking or preference. To relax from his presidential 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 duties, Kennedy had a predilection for spy novels featuring James Bond. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 predominant (adjective) greatest in numbers or influence. Although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hundreds of religions are practiced in India, the predominant faith is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Hinduism. predominance (noun), predominate (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prepossessing (adjective) attractive. Smart, lovely, and talented, she has all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the prepossessing qualities that mark a potential movie star. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 presumptuous (adjective) going beyond the limits of courtesy or appropri9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ateness. The senator winced when the presumptuous young staffer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 addressed him as “Chuck.” presume (verb), presumption (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pretentious (adjective) claiming excessive value or importance. For a shoe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 salesman to call himself a “Personal Foot Apparel Consultant” seems 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 awfully pretentious. pretension (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 180 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 procrastinate (verb) to put off, to delay. If you habitually procrastinate, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 try this technique: never touch a piece of paper without either filing it, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 responding to it, or throwing it out. procrastination (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 profane (adjective) impure, unholy. It seems inappropriate to have such 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 profane activities as roller blading and disco dancing in a church. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 profane (verb), profanity (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proficient (adjective) skillful, adept. A proficient artist, Louise quickly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and accurately sketched the scene. proficiency (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proliferate (verb) to increase or multiply. Over the past 15 years, high-tech 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 companies have proliferated in northern California, Massachusetts, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other regions. proliferation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prolific (adjective) producing many offspring or creations. With more than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three hundred books to his credit, Isaac Asimov was one of the most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prolific writers of all time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prominence (noun) the quality of standing out; fame. Kennedy’s victory in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the West Virginia primary gave him a position of prominence among the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Democratic candidates for president. prominent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 promulgate (verb) to make public, to declare. Lincoln signed the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proclamation that freed the slaves in 1862, but he waited several 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 months to promulgate it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 propagate (verb) to cause to grow; to foster. John Smithson’s will left his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fortune for the founding of an institution to propagate knowledge, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 without saying whether that meant a university, a library, or a museum. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 propagation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 propriety (noun) appropriateness. Some people had doubts about the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 propriety of Clinton’s discussing his underwear on MTV. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prosaic (adjective) everyday, ordinary, dull. “Paul’s Case” tells the story 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of a boy who longs to escape from the prosaic life of a clerk into a world 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of wealth, glamour, and beauty. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 protagonist (noun) the main character in a story or play; the main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supporter of an idea. Leopold Bloom is the protagonist of James Joyce’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 great novel, Ulysses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provocative (adjective) likely to stimulate emotions, ideas, or controversy. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The demonstrators began chanting obscenities, a provocative act that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they hoped would cause the police to lose control. provoke (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provocation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 181 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proximity (noun) closeness, nearness. Neighborhood residents were angry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 over the proximity of the sewage plant to the local school. proximate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prudent (adjective) wise, cautious, and practical. A prudent investor will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 avoid putting all of her money into any single investment. prudence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun), prudential (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pugnacious (adjective) combative, bellicose, truculent; ready to fight. Ty 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Cobb, the pugnacious outfielder for the Detroit Tigers, got into more 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than his fair share of brawls, both on and off the field. pugnacity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 punctilious (adjective) very concerned about proper forms of behavior 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and manners. A punctilious dresser like James would rather skip the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 party altogether than wear the wrong color tie. punctilio (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pundit (noun) someone who offers opinions in an authoritative style. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sunday afternoon talk shows are filled with pundits, each with his or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her own theory about the week’s political news. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 punitive (adjective) inflicting punishment. The jury awarded the plaintiff 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one million dollars in punitive damages, hoping to teach the defendant a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lesson. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purify (verb) to make pure, clean, or perfect. The new plant is supposed to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purify the drinking water provided to everyone in the nearby towns. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 purification (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Q 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quell (verb) to quiet, to suppress. It took a huge number of police to quell 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the rioting. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 querulous (adjective) complaining, whining. The nursing home attendant 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 needed a lot of patience to care for the three querulous, unpleasant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 residents on his floor. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 R 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rancorous (adjective) expressing bitter hostility. Many Americans are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disgusted by recent political campaigns, which seem more rancorous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than ever before. rancor (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 182 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rationale (noun) an underlying reason or explanation. At first, it seemed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strange that several camera companies would freely share their newest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 technology; but their rationale was that offering one new style of film 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would benefit them all. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 raze (verb) to completely destroy; demolish. The old Coliseum building 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will soon be razed to make room for a new hotel. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reciprocate (verb) to make a return for something. If you’ll baby-sit for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 my kids tonight, I’ll reciprocate by taking care of yours tomorrow. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reciprocity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reclusive (adjective) withdrawn from society. During the last years of her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 life, actress Greta Garbo led a reclusive existence, rarely appearing in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 public. recluse (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reconcile (verb) to make consistent or harmonious. Roosevelt’s greatness 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as a leader can be seen in his ability to reconcile the demands and values 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the varied groups that supported him. reconciliation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recriminate (verb) to accuse, often in response to an accusation. Divorce 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proceedings sometimes become bitter, as the two parties recriminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 each other over the causes of the breakup. recrimination (noun), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recriminatory (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recuperate (verb) to regain health after an illness. Although she left the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hospital two days after her operation, it took her a few weeks to fully 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recuperate. recuperation (noun), recuperative (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 redoubtable (adjective) inspiring respect, awe, or fear. Johnson’s knowl9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 edge, experience, and personal clout made him a redoubtable political 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opponent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 refurbish (verb) to fix up; renovate. It took three days’ work by a team of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 carpenters, painters, and decorators to completely refurbish the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 apartment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 refute (adjective) to prove false. The company invited reporters to visit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their plant in an effort to refute the charges of unsafe working 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conditions. refutation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relevance (noun) connection to the matter at hand; pertinence. Testimony 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in a criminal trial may be admitted only if it has clear relevance to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question of guilt or innocence. relevant (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 183 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remedial (adjective) serving to remedy, cure, or correct some condition. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Affirmative action can be justified as a remedial step to help minority 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 members overcome the effects of past discrimination. remediation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun), remedy (verb). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remorse (noun) a painful sense of guilt over wrongdoing. In Poe’s story 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “The Tell-Tale Heart,” a murderer is driven insane by remorse over his 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 crime. remorseful (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remuneration (noun) pay. In a civil lawsuit, the attorney often receives 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 part of the financial settlement as his or her remuneration. remunerate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb), remunerative (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 renovate (verb) to renew by repairing or rebuilding. The television 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 program “This Old House” shows how skilled craftspeople renovate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 houses. renovation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 renunciation (noun) the act of rejecting or refusing something. King 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Edward VII’s renunciation of the British throne was caused by his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 desire to marry an American divorcee, something he couldn’t do as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 king. renounce (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replete (adjective) filled abundantly. Graham’s book is replete with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wonderful stories about the famous people she has known. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reprehensible (adjective) deserving criticism or censure. Although Pete 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rose’s misdeeds were reprehensible, not all fans agree that he deserves 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be excluded from the Baseball Hall of Fame. reprehend (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reprehension (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 repudiate (verb) to reject, to renounce. After it became known that Duke 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 had been a leader of the Ku Klux Klan, most Republican leaders 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 repudiated him. repudiation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reputable (adjective) having a good reputation; respected. Find a repu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 table auto mechanic by asking your friends for recommendations based 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on their own experiences. reputation (noun), repute (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resilient (adjective) able to recover from difficulty. A pro athlete must be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resilient, able to lose a game one day and come back the next with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 confidence and enthusiasm. resilience (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resplendent (adjective) glowing, shining. In late December, midtown New 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 York is resplendent with holiday lights and decorations. resplendence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 184 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 responsive (adjective) reacting quickly and appropriately. The new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 director of the Internal Revenue Service has promised to make the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 agency more responsive to public complaints. respond (verb), response 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 restitution (noun) return of something to its original owner; repayment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some Native American leaders are demanding that the U.S. government 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make restitution for the lands taken from them by white settlers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revere (verb) to admire deeply, to honor. Millions of people around the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 world revered Mother Teresa for her saintly generosity. reverence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun), reverent (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rhapsodize (verb) to praise in a wildly emotional way. That critic is such a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 huge fan of Toni Morrison that she will surely rhapsodize over the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writer’s next novel. rhapsodic (adjective). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 S 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sagacious (adjective) discerning, wise. Only a leader as sagacious as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Nelson Mandela could have united South Africa so successfully and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 peacefully. sagacity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 salvage (verb) to save from wreck or ruin. After the earthquake destroyed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her home, she was able to salvage only a few of her belongings. salvage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun), salvageable (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sanctimonious (adjective) showing false or excessive piety. The sanctimo9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nious prayers of the TV preacher were interspersed with requests that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the viewers send him money. sanctimony (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scapegoat (noun) someone who bears the blame for others’ acts; someone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hated for no apparent reason. Although Buckner’s error was only one 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reason the Red Sox lost, many fans made him the scapegoat, booing him 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mercilessly. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scrupulous (adjective) acting with extreme care; painstaking. Disney 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 theme parks are famous for their scrupulous attention to small details. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scruple (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scrutinize (verb) to study closely. The lawyer scrutinized the contract, search9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing for any sentence that could pose a risk for her client. scrutiny (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 secrete (verb) to emit; to hide. Glands in the mouth secrete saliva, a liquid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that helps in digestion. The jewel thieves secreted the necklace in a tin 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 box buried underground. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 185 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sedentary (adjective) requiring much sitting. When Officer Samson was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given a desk job, she had trouble getting used to sedentary work after 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 years on the street. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sequential (adjective) arranged in an order or series. The courses for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chemistry major are sequential; you must take them in the order, since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 each course builds on the previous ones. sequence (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 serendipity (noun) the ability to make lucky accidental discoveries. Great 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inventions sometimes come about through deliberate research and hard 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work, sometimes through pure serendipity. serendipitous (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 servile (adjective) like a slave or servant; submissive. The tycoon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 demanded that his underlings behave in a servile manner, agreeing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quickly with everything he said. servility (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simulated (adjective) imitating something else; artificial. High-quality 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simulated gems must be examined under a magnifying glass to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distinguished from real ones. simulate (verb), simulation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solace (verb) to comfort or console. There was little the rabbi could say to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solace the husband after his wife’s death. solace (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spontaneous (adjective) happening without plan or outside cause. When 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the news of Kennedy’s assassination broke, people everywhere gathered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in a spontaneous effort to share their shock and grief. spontaneity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spurious (adjective) false, fake. The so-called Piltdown Man, supposed to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be the fossil of a primitive human, turned out to be spurious, although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 who created the hoax is still uncertain. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 squander (verb) to use up carelessly, to waste. Those who had made 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 donations to the charity were outraged to learn that its director had 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 squandered millions on fancy dinners and first-class travel. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stagnate (verb) to become stale through lack of movement or change. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Having had no contact with the outside world for generations, Japan’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 culture gradually stagnated. stagnant (adjective), stagnation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 staid (adjective) sedate, serious, and grave. This college is no “party 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 school”; the students all work hard, and the campus has a reputation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for being staid. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stimulus (noun) something that excites a response or provokes an action. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The arrival of merchants and missionaries from the West provided a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stimulus for change in Japanese society. stimulate (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 186 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stoic (adjective) showing little feeling, even in response to pain or sorrow. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A soldier must respond to the death of his comrades in stoic fashion, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since the fighting will not stop for his grief. stoicism (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strenuous (adjective) requiring energy and strength. Hiking in the foothills 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the Rockies is fairly easy, but climbing the higher peaks can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strenuous. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 submissive (adjective) accepting the will of others; humble, compliant. At 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the end of Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, Nora leaves her husband and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abandons the role of submissive housewife. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 substantiated (adjective) verified or supported by evidence. The charge 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that Nixon had helped to cover up crimes was substantiated by his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comments about it on a series of audio tapes. substantiate (verb), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 substantiation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sully (verb) to soil, stain, or defile. Nixon’s misdeeds as president did 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much to sully the reputation of the American government. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 superficial (adjective) on the surface only; without depth or substance. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Her wound was superficial and required only a light bandage. His 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 superficial attractiveness hides the fact that his personality is lifeless and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his mind is dull. superficiality (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 superfluous (adjective) more than is needed, excessive. Once you’ve won 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the debate, don’t keep talking; superfluous arguments will only bore 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and annoy the audience. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suppress (verb) to put down or restrain. As soon as the unrest began, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thousands of helmeted police were sent into the streets to suppress the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 riots. suppression (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surfeit (noun) an excess. Most American families have a surfeit of food 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and drink on Thanksgiving Day. surfeit (verb). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surreptitious (adjective) done in secret. Because Iraq has avoided weapons 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inspections, many believe it has a surreptitious weapons development 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 program. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surrogate (noun) a substitute. When the congressman died in office, his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wife was named to serve the rest of his term as a surrogate. surrogate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sustain (verb) to keep up, to continue; to support. Because of fatigue, he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was unable to sustain the effort needed to finish the marathon. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 187 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 T 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tactile (adjective) relating to the sense of touch. The thick brush strokes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and gobs of color give the paintings of Van Gogh a strongly tactile 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quality. tactility (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 talisman (noun) an object supposed to have magical effects or qualities. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Superstitious people sometimes carry a rabbit’s foot, a lucky coin, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some other talisman. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tangential (adjective) touching lightly; only slightly connected or related. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Having enrolled in a class on African-American history, the students 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 found the teacher’s stories about his travels in South America only of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tangential interest. tangent (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tedium (noun) boredom. For most people, watching the Weather Channel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for 24 hours would be sheer tedium. tedious (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 temerity (noun) boldness, rashness, excessive daring. Only someone who 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 didn’t understand the danger would have the temerity to try to climb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Everest without a guide. temerarious (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 temperance (noun) moderation or restraint in feelings and behavior. Most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 professional athletes practice temperance in their personal habits; too 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much eating or drinking, they know, can harm their performance. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 temperate (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tenacious (adjective) clinging, sticky, or persistent. Tenacious in pursuit of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her goal, she applied for the grant unsuccessfully four times before it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was finally approved. tenacity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tentative (adjective) subject to change; uncertain. A firm schedule has not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 been established, but the Super Bowl in 2005 has been given the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tentative date of February 6. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terminate (verb) to end, to close. The Olympic Games terminate with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grand ceremony attended by athletes from every participating country. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terminal (noun), termination (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terrestrial (adjective) of the Earth. The movie Close Encounters of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Third Kind tells the story of the first contact between beings from outer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 space and terrestrial humans. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therapeutic (adjective) curing or helping to cure. Hot-water spas were 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 popular in the nineteenth century among the sickly, who believed that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 soaking in the water had therapeutic effects. therapy (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 188 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 timorous (adjective) fearful, timid. The cowardly lion approached the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throne of the wizard with a timorous look on his face. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 toady (noun) someone who flatters a superior in hopes of gaining favor; a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sycophant. “I can’t stand a toady!” declared the movie mogul. “Give 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 me someone who’ll tell me the truth—even if it costs him his job!” toady 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (verb). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tolerant (adjective) accepting, enduring. San Franciscans have a tolerant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attitude about lifestyles: “Live and let live” seems to be their motto. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tolerate (verb), toleration (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 toxin (noun) poison. DDT is a powerful toxin once used to kill insects but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 now banned in the U.S. because of the risk it poses to human life. toxic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tranquillity (noun) freedom from disturbance or turmoil; calm. She 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 moved from New York City to rural Vermont seeking the tranquillity of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 country life. tranquil (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 transgress (verb) to go past limits; to violate. If Iraq has developed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 biological weapons, then it has transgressed the United Nation’s rules 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 against weapons of mass destruction. transgression (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 transient (adjective) passing quickly. Long-term visitors to this hotel pay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at a different rate than transient guests who stay for just a day or two. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 transience (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 transitory (adjective) quickly passing. Public moods tend to be transitory; 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people may be anxious and angry one month, but relatively content and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 optimistic the next. transition (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 translucent (adjective) letting some light pass through. Blocks of translu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cent glass let daylight into the room while maintaining privacy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 transmute (verb) to change in form or substance. In the Middle Ages, the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 alchemists tried to discover ways to transmute metals such as iron into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gold. transmutation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 treacherous (adjective) untrustworthy or disloyal; dangerous or unreli9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 able. Nazi Germany proved to be a treacherous ally, first signing a peace 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pact with the Soviet Union, then invading. Be careful crossing the rope 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bridge; parts are badly frayed and treacherous. treachery (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tremulous (adjective) trembling or shaking; timid or fearful. Never having 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spoken in public before, he began his speech in a tremulous, hesitant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 voice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 189 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trite (adjective) boring because of over-familiarity; hackneyed. Her letters 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were filled with trite expressions, like “All’s well that ends well” and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “So far so good.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 truculent (adjective) aggressive, hostile, belligerent. Hitler’s truculent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 behavior in demanding more territory for Germany made it clear that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 war was inevitable. truculence (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 truncate (verb) to cut off. The manuscript of the play appeared truncated; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the last page ended in the middle of a scene, halfway through the first 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 act. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 turbulent (adjective) agitated or disturbed. The night before the champi9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 onship match, Martina was unable to sleep, her mind turbulent with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fears and hopes. turbulence (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 U 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unheralded (adjective) little known, unexpected. In a year of big-budget, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much-hyped mega-movies, this unheralded foreign film has surprised 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 everyone with its popularity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unpalatable (adjective) distasteful, unpleasant. Although I agree with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 candidate on many issues, I can’t vote for her, because I find her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 position on capital punishment unpalatable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 unparalleled (adjective) with no equal; unique. Tiger Woods’s victory in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Masters golf tournament by a full twelve strokes was an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unparalleled accomplishment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unstinting (adjective) giving freely and generously. Eleanor Roosevelt was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much admired for her unstinting efforts on behalf of the poor. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 untenable (adjective) impossible to defend. The theory that this painting is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a genuine Van Gogh became untenable when the artist who actually 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 painted it came forth. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 untimely (adjective) out of the natural or proper time. The untimely death 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of a youthful Princess Diana seemed far more tragic than Mother 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Teresa’s death of old age. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unyielding (adjective) firm, resolute, obdurate. Despite criticism, Cuomo 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was unyielding in his opposition to capital punishment; he vetoed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 several death penalty bills as governor. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 190 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usurper (noun) someone who takes a place or possession without the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to do so. Kennedy’s most devoted followers tended to regard later 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 presidents as usurpers, holding the office they felt he or his brothers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should have held. usurp (verb), usurpation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 utilitarian (adjective) purely of practical benefit. The design of the Model 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 T car was simple and utilitarian, lacking the luxuries found in later 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 models. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 utopia (noun) an imaginary, perfect society. Those who founded the Oneida 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 community dreamed that it could be a kind of utopia—a prosperous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 state with complete freedom and harmony. utopian (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 V 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 validate (verb) to officially approve or confirm. The election of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 president is validated when the members of the Electoral College meet 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to confirm the choice of the voters. valid (adjective), validity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variegated (adjective) spotted with different colors. The brilliant, varie9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gated appearance of butterflies makes them popular among collectors. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variegation (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 venerate (verb) to admire or honor. In Communist China, Chairman Mao 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Zedong was venerated as an almost god-like figure. venerable (adjec9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tive), veneration (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verdant (adjective) green with plant life. Southern England is famous for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 its verdant countryside filled with gardens and small farms. verdancy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vestige (noun) a trace or remainder. Today’s tiny Sherwood Forest is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 last vestige of a woodland that once covered most of England. vestigial 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (adjective). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vex (verb) to irritate, annoy, or trouble. Unproven for generations, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fermat’s last theorem was one of the most famous, and most vexing, of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all mathematical puzzles. vexation (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vicarious (adjective) experienced through someone else’s actions by way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the imagination. Great literature broadens our minds by giving us 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vicarious participation in the lives of other people. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vindicate (verb) to confirm, justify, or defend. Lincoln’s Gettysburg 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Address was intended to vindicate the objectives of the Union in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Civil War. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 191 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 virtuoso (noun) someone very skilled, especially in an art. Vladimir 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Horowitz was one of the great piano virtuosos of the twentieth century. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 virtuosity (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vivacious (adjective) lively, sprightly. The role of Maria in The Sound of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Music is usually played by a charming, vivacious young actress. vivacity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 volatile (adjective) quickly changing; fleeting, transitory; prone to vio9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lence. Public opinion is notoriously volatile; a politician who is very 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 popular one month may be voted out of office the next. volatility 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 W 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whimsical (adjective) based on a capricious, carefree, or sudden impulse 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or idea; fanciful, playful. Dave Barry’s Book of Bad Songs is filled with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the kind of goofy jokes that are typical of his whimsical sense of humor. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whim (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 zealous (adjective) filled with eagerness, fervor, or passion. A crowd of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 candidate’s most zealous supporters greeted her at the airport with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 banners, signs, and a marching band. zeal (noun), zealot (noun), 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 zealotry (noun). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 192 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter
6 The SAT Writing Section— Where Grammar Rules Rule 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lucky you—you get to be one the first to take the SAT’s Writing Test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Congratulations! Although the prospect of having to take yet another 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section of the test may not be thrilling, you can approach the latest addition 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the SAT with confidence and style. This chapter will tell you what to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expect on the Writing section and help you prepare for each type of question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll encounter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Words, Words, Words: What’s in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing Section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As mentioned earlier in the book, the Writing section comes in two parts. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One part is the essay, which will ask you to take a position on an issue of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 general interest and write an essay supporting your viewpoint with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examples. The second part consists of three different types of multiple9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Identifying Sentence Errors (ISE) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Improving Sentences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Improving Paragraphs 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first three types of questions—identifying sentence errors, improving 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences, and improving paragraphs—are multiple-choice questions that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test your knowledge of Standard Written English. To answer these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, you will have to identify grammatical errors and recognize how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to improve sentences and paragraphs. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Both the multiple-choice questions and the essay, will assess your command 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of English grammar, usage, and word choice. If your immediate reaction to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word grammar is to run away and hide, don’t panic. You can take 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 193
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comfort in the fact that only certain types of errors appear repeatedly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throughout every test and that you won’t be expected to know every rule of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar in the book. Check out the chart below: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The 13 Deadly Rules of Grammar, Usage, and Word Choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Subject-Verb Agreement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Verb Tenses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Noun Agreement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Pronoun Agreement, Case, and Reference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Using Modifiers 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Homonyms/Easily Confused Words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. Logical Comparison and Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. Double Negatives 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. Coordination and Subordination 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. Run-on Sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. Sentence Fragments 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. Eliminating Wordiness 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. Using Idioms and Correct Diction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The good news is that these 13 rules are by far the ones most frequently 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tested, and the even better news is that you will not be required to define any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatical rules on the test. You will simply be asked to identify when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 errors occur and which of the given choices best fixes the errors. If this still 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sounds overwhelming, don’t worry—the process will become clearer to you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as we examine each type of question on the test. The truth is, you probably 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already know more than you think about how to answer the Writing section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As with the Math and Critical Reading sections, the Writing section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will be scored on a scale of 200–800. Your ultimate score for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing section (between 200 and 800) will be based on two subscores: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one for the multiple-choice section on a scale of 20–80 and one for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essay section based on a scale of 2–12. We’ll further discuss how the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essays are scored in the essay section at the end of this chapter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 194 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Later in this chapter, we will take a closer look at each of the question types 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll see in the Writing section and offer strategies for the real thing during 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test time. For example, certain types of grammatical errors appear more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 frequently in certain sections of the test, like errors in subject-verb 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 agreement in the Identifying Sentence Errors section. To give you a good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grounding in the types of errors that commonly appear in each section of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the test, we will discuss each of the 13 Deadly Rules as we discuss strategies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can use to tackle specific types of question. A chart highlighting the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rules of grammar, usage, and word choice explained in each section appears 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the beginning of every section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, before scrutinizing (how’s that for an SAT word?) each type of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing section question, let’s quickly review the 13 Deadly Rules. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although this chapter focuses on strategies, familiarizing yourself with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 commonly tested rules of grammar, usage, and word choice will vastly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improve your scores in the Writing section and will decrease your anxiety 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about learning grammar period. Remember, words can’t hurt you! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A Quick Overview of the Most Commonly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tested Rules 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s a quick run-down of the 13 Deadly Rules of grammar, usage, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word choice most often found on the Writing test. While 13 rules may 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sound like a lot, chances are that you already know most of these rules 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already from you own reading and writing. Most people are much better at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar than they think they are—you’ll probably surprise yourself with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your grasp of grammar as you read about the following rules. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Subject-Verb Agreement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Subjects and verbs need to agree in number. In other words, singular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 general, your ear will tell you when there is disagreement between 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject and verb as in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 She are being stubborn. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this sentence, the singular subject she requires the singular verb is rather 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than the plural verb form are. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes, it’s a little tricky to identify errors in subject-verb agreement, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like when the subject and verb are separated by a phrase or when the subject 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appears to be plural but isn’t. These special cases are favorites of the SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-makers and will be discussed in detail in the Identifying Sentence 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Errors section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 195 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Verb Tenses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In addition to agreeing with their subjects, verbs need to be in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct tense. Here’s a sentence in which the verb is in the wrong tense: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In response to her rejection of his work, he written her a stinging letter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The writer of the sentence used the part participle form of the verb “to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 write,” written, instead of using the simple past tense of the verb, wrote. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This substitution of the past participle for the simple past tense is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 another favorite error of the crafty test creators, but it is one in which 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 again, you can trust your ear to pick out the error. You knew that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 written sounded wrong in the example sentence above! Sometimes, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-makers substitute other tenses for the correct tense, using the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 present perfect tense instead of the past perfect tense, for example. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another favorite maneuver is to shift verb tenses within a sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We’ll examine these kinds of errors in the ISE section as well. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you can already see, trusting your ear will often be your best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strategy for identifying errors. Another guessing strategy you can use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 throughout the multiple-choice section is to pick the simple past tense 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of a verb over the past perfect tense, as in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yesterday, Jo-jo had picked up the pinecone with his paws for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The past perfect tense isn’t necessary in the above sentence, and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shorter simple past form picked up works fine. In the Writing section, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choosing the more concise choice will often yield the right answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Noun Agreement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Nouns need to agree in number within a sentence. The following 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence contains an error in noun agreement: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Jean and Dean want to be a dancer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The subject of the sentence is plural: Jean and Dean. However, the noun 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that corresponds to the subject is singular: a dancer. To make the nouns 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 agree in number, a dancer should be changed to dancers. In looking for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 errors in noun agreement, trust your sense of logic and check to see that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nouns that should agree in number do agree. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 196 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Pronoun Agreement, Case, and Reference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A pronoun is a word such as me, myself, or I that is used in place of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 noun or nouns. Pronouns pop up in the Writing section in several ways. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You will probably be asked to identify pronouns in the wrong number 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or pronouns that do not agree with the nouns they refer to in number. A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 singular noun takes a singular pronoun; a plural noun takes a plural 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun. See if you can identify the mistake in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Susan enjoyed eating fish and lifted their fork with glee. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The pronoun their should be changed to the singular her to agree with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the antecedent (noun the pronoun refers to) Susan. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pronouns also need to be in the correct case, which shows how the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun is used. The test-makers like to throw in errors in pronoun case 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in compound noun phrases, as in the following sentence: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Her and Al brought fifteen different kinds of apples to the gathering. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the compound subject her and Al, the pronoun is incorrect because it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be acting as the subject and thus should be in the subjective 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 case, she. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You will also have to be on the lookout for pronoun shifts, in which the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronouns switch in number or person within a sentence, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If one is having trouble concentrating, they should try focusing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You may have noticed that consistency is very important in English 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar and that the switch from the singular pronoun one to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plural pronoun they is ungrammatical. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should also be prepared to encounter vague or ambiguous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronouns that do not clearly refer to antecedents, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sales clerk gave the customer a break after his hairpiece fell off. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whose hairpiece was it—the sales clerk’s or the customer’s? This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence needs to be rewritten to indicate clearly which person owns 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the hairpiece. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you can see, pronouns are a goldmine for the test creators. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are having difficulty understanding any of the four major pronoun 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems, ask your teacher to help you understand pronoun rules or 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practice pronoun problems using a grammar book such as Get Wise! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mastering Grammar Skills, published by Thomson Peterson’s. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 197 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Using Modifiers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Modifiers describe other words. You may be asked to recognize errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the use of the one-word modifiers known as adjectives and adverbs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Adjectives modify nouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other adverbs. Look at the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The actor read his lines slow. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word slow is an adjective, but since read, the word being modified, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is a verb, the modifier should be changed to the adverb slowly. In most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 errors of this nature, your ear will tell you that the adjective requires the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 addition of the -ly ending to become an adverb. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes, you’ll be asked to identify errors in the comparison of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifiers: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Of all the different flavors, Evan likes raspberry better. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word better is a comparative adverb showing comparison between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only two things, but the sentence requires the superlative adverb best, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since more than two things are being compared. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sneakiest way in which modifiers appear on the test is when they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are misplaced or dangling. The next sentence shows how misplaced 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifiers may appear on your test: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Gesturing wildly, the pencil flew out of Roberto’s hand. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The modifying phrase Gesturing wildly should be followed by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject it modifies but is instead followed by the pencil. This is wrong 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because the pencil is not gesturing wildly, and if it is, something’s going 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on that’s much worse than a simple grammatical error! The sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be revised to make more sense grammatically and logically: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Gesturing wildly, Robert let the pencil fly out of his hand. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You may also encounter dangling modifiers that don’t clearly modify 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 any word or group of words in the sentence, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 While slurping loudly, the clock struck midnight. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Who was slurping loudly? In this sentence, the missing information 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 needs to be supplied: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 While slurping loudly, we heard the clock strike midnight. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Misplaced and dangling modifiers will most likely appear in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Sentences section of the test. Be on the lookout for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifying phrases, which often contain adjectives or adverbs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 198 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Homonyms/Easily Confused Words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Be prepared to find a couple ISE questions that contain errors such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the following: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Orion was under the allusion that Jennifer was obsessed with him. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An allusion is a reference to something. The sentence requires the word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 illusion, which is a false idea or conception. Be on the lookout for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 similar pairs of easily confused words such as set/sit, emigrate/ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 immigrate, accept/except, to name a few. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. Logical Comparison and Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes, the test-makers present you with a sentence in which two 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things that cannot be logically compared are compared: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bethany grew more tomatoes than her neighbor’s garden. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The comparison is illogical, because Bethany (a person) is being 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compared to her neighbor’s garden (a thing). To make the comparison 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 logical, her neighbor’s garden should be changed to her neighbor did. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Comparisons can also be grammatically faulty. Parallel structure is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use of the same forms or structures to express equal ideas in a sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers may present you with an error such as the following: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Anuj likes running, swimming, and to bicycle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Carmela spends her free time at home, at the gym, and the movie 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 theater. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In both of the above sentences, the third item in the sentence is not in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same form as the previous items. Remember: Consistency is a key 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 element of English grammar. The correct sentences should read, “Anuj 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 likes running, swimming, and bicycling” and “Carmela spends her free 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time at home, at the gym, and in the movie theater.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. Double Negatives 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t fret no more about silly grammar problems! Did you hear the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 double negative in the preceding sentence? Using two negatives such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no, isn’t, hardly, without, no one, hardly, barely, or scarcely in one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence will cancel the meaning of each negative. Be prepared to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 encounter errors involving double negatives in the ISE section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 199 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. Coordination and Subordination 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentences containing two or more clauses need to be connected logically 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and grammatically. Coordinating conjunctions such as and, if, but, or, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and yet connect independent clauses that each have a subject and verb. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Errors in coordination occur when the coordinating conjunction that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used does not connect the ideas in a logical manner, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Harriet was renowned as a star basketball player, and she was best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 known as an amazing rock climber. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this sentence, the conjunction and should be replaced with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conjunction yet which implies contrast. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Subordinate clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since, because, although, whenever, after, unless, and until. Errors in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subordination occur in the Writing section when the test-makers present 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you with a bunch of words that contain two subordinate or dependent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clauses, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although Josh packed his toothbrush the night before, since he left 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his suitcase at home. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every sentence requires at least one independent clause containing a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject and a verb. In the above sentence, there is no clear subject, since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both clauses are subordinate. To make the second clause independent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and correct the error, you should eliminate the subordinating conjunc9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion since. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. Run-On Sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A run-on sentence consists of two or more complete sentences (or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 independent clauses) run together as one. Sometimes two or more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 independent clauses are joined erroneously by a comma, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Famke has an extensive CD collection, she also possesses a lot of old 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vinyl records. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Both clauses in the above sentence could stand alone as a sentence. One 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way to correct the run-on sentence is to replace the comma with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 semicolon. Another way is to join the clauses with an appropriate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 coordinating or subordinating conjunction: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Famke has an extensive CD collection, and she also possesses a lot 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of old vinyl records. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We’ll explore the different ways to correct run-on sentences in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Sentences section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 200 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. Sentence Fragments 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another favorite error in sentence structure is the sentence fragment, in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which there are no independent clauses. This problem can occur when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all the clauses in a sentence are dependent: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As we strolled obliviously through the forest. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What’s happening in this sentence? You don’t know, because there is no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clear verb and the clause begins with a subordinating conjunction. To 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct the sentence, information either needs to be added or deleted. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Check out the following solutions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As we strolled obliviously through the forest, a storm flattened 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 our castle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We strolled obliviously through the forest. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see a sentence fragment, a little voice should tell you to either 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 add something or take something away. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. Eliminating Wordiness 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the wordy sentence below: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Wei is of the opinion that the surrounding community in which she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resides is under threat from various forces. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The ideas in this sentence can be conveyed much more succinctly: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Wei believes that her community is under threat. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Avoiding wordiness or the use of unnecessary language is a good rule to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 follow when composing your essay and when choosing among various 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple-choice choices. Often the shortest, most elegant answer is the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correction to choose when you are asked to revise and combine 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences in the Improving Paragraphs section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Just by reading, you’ll improve your grasp of grammar, usage, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diction, whether you’re aware of the improvement or not. The more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you read, the greater the chance of encountering unknown words and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the more finely attuned your ear will be to nuances and peculiarities of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the English language. Reading works that employ Standard Written 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 English, whether they are novels or newspaper articles, will put you in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 position to recognize and correct errors with aplomb. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 201 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. Using Idioms and Correct Diction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Idioms refer to the peculiar expressions in a language. These expressions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do not necessarily follow grammatical rules. Idiomatic expressions are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct, because people think they are, and they’re defined by custom 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and usage. For example, the phrase, “How do you do?” is an idiomatic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expression, which may sound peculiar if you start to think about it too 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much, but it is accepted in Standard Written English. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers create questions that test your idiomatic knowledge of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prepositions that follow certain verbs. Notice the incorrect use of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preposition with in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bertrand voted with the candidate who won the race. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct idiomatic phrase is voted for. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers may also test your grasp of idioms by switching 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gerunds and infinitives in a sentence. A gerund is a verb form ending in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 -ing that acts as a noun, as in running or dodging. An infinitive is a verb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 form, usually preceded by to, that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an adverb, as to go or to be. Notice the confusion of the gerund for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 infinitive in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ava realized that Sam’s effort at learning Italian was wearing him 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Idiomatically, the phrase should be: effort to learn. With idioms, you’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to trust your ear to tell you what sounds right. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Diction is another area in which you’ll have to prick up your ears to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hone in on errors. Diction is word choice, and the test-makers may ask 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you to identify the incorrect usage of words as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Declan took a circulatory path around the lake. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word circulatory means “relating to the circulation of blood,” and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it should be replaced by the more apt circuitous, which means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “indirect.” (You could also replace it with the word circular, although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this is not as accurate as circuitous.) In your essay and in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple-choice questions, take care to use correct word choice. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rules Are Just Rules: A Few Last Words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bear in mind that you will not be asked to name any of the 13 Deadly Rules 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at any point in the Writing section. The test will never ask you to identify a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subordinating conjunction or a dangling modifier as such. The preceding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 202 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discussion of the 13 Deadly Rules should simply help you know what kinds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of grammatical errors to look for in the test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the next sections, we will look at the structure of the questions and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exactly how these grammatical issues come up in the test, but before we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 move on, here’s a final list of suggestions to help you prepare for the Writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section. As with the other sections, preparing early is always a good idea, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but even if the test is only weeks (perhaps days!) away, you can use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following activities to boost your grammatical fluency. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Strengthening Your Grasp of Grammar and Sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Ask your English teacher to help you clarify points of grammar, usage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or word choice about which you are unsure. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Are there particular areas of grammar that confound you? After 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reviewing the 13 Deadly Rules, you may want to pinpoint the ones that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 give you the most trouble and ask your teacher to clarify those rules 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with you. Your teacher can probably direct you to a number of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resources that will give you more practice with these types of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Ask your English teacher or another informed adult to show you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examples of grammar and sentence structure in your essays that could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be improved. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pull out an old essay or two and ask your teacher to circle and explain 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 errors you may have made. Try revising the essay by correcting those 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 errors and then have someone review the essay again. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Practice revising your essays on your own. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Keeping in mind the rules of grammar, usage, and word choice, reread 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an essay you’ve written. Identify and correct any errors you’ve made. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Revising your essays will give you great practice with grammar and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence structure, and the more you do it, the more finely tuned your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ear will be to hearing mistakes. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Identifying Sentence Errors (ISE): What’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Wrong with This Sentence? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first section of the Writing test consists of Identifying Sentence Errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (ISE) questions. In these multiple-choice questions, you’ll be asked to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 identify underlined errors in sentences. Here’s an example of a typical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISE question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 203 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Example 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It is likely that the festivities, previously scheduled for March 1, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would be postponed due to the expectation of poor weather. No error 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 C D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The directions for ISE problems will look something like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best corresponds to the correct answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notes: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 English grammar, as well as word usage, word choice, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idioms. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No sentence contains more than one error. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. Choose the letter underneath the error to indicate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the part of the sentence that must be changed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underlined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As in the example above, each of the ISE questions will feature a sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with four words or phrases underlined, with each of the underlined parts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 labeled (A) through (D). One of the underlined parts may contain an error. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If there is an error in an underlined part, you should mark the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corresponding oval (A), (B), (C), or (D). If there is no error, you should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mark oval (E) for “No error.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Note that the ISE questions ask only that you find the mistakes in each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. You do not have to explain what kind of error was made, as the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions never ask you to define grammatical terms. Remember too that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Writing section only tests your knowledge of grammar, usage, and word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice. The test does not test spelling or capitalization, and punctuation is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only tested as a secondary matter as it relates to sentence structure. Before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looking at the main types of errors that occur in the ISE section, let’s look at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 how to approach these questions. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 204 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pacing for ISE and Beyond 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the following three facts to give yourself the best chance of succeeding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the multiple-choice Writing section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. A good guess is that the total number of questions will be close to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or equal to the total number of minutes allotted for the section. So 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “one minute per question” is a very good rule of thumb. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Different amounts of reading is required for each of the question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 types. ISE questions will go the fastest, while improving para123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graphs questions will take the most time since they have some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading associated with them. Never rush through the ISE 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, because as always, careless errors must be avoided. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, you will probably get through these questions faster 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than the others, which is good, since you can use the extra time 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when answering the improving sentences and improving para9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graphs problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. A two-pass system is still a good idea, and you can use it two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different ways. One way is to make two passes within each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question type. In other words, you make one pass through all the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISE problems, skipping any you can’t answer immediately. Then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you do a second pass through the ISE section (guessing when you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to) before heading on to the next batch of problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The advantage to finishing the test section by section is that you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use the same set of techniques to answer all of the questions in a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular section before moving on-you don’t have to switch back 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and forth between strategies and question types. The drawback is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that you may spend time working a tough ISE question when you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could have been answering an easy Improving Paragraphs prob9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lem. You can avoid this problem if you do a first and second pass 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through the entire section. This means you have to switch back and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forth between strategies and question types, but you do eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the possibility of spending too much time on a hard ISE question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when you could be answering easier improving sentences or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improving paragraphs questions. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are pros and cons with each choice. You should decide what works 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best for you, and then follow that plan. Thinking about pacing and making 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a choice based on your own inclinations is another way you become a better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-taker. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 205 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Alert!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What’s My Error? How to Tackle the ISE Questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The ISE questions require you to pinpoint which, if any, underlined parts of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences need to be changed in order to make the sentences correct. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parts of the sentences that are not underlined are correct and can’t be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 changed. As with all the multiple-choice questions in the Writing section, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you should trust your ear to tell you where the mistakes lie. You can follow 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the steps below to tackle the ISE questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How to Tackle the ISE Questions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Read the sentence, trusting your ear to identify the error. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Read each of the underlined parts again, looking for possible errors. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Use POE to find the error, eliminating choices that are error-free. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Choose choice (E), “No Error,” if there are no mistakes. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Try following these steps to identify the error in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 The scientists, who convened in front of the statue, was excited about 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the discovery. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First, read the sentence—does the error jump out at you? If so, you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mark the appropriate circle and move on. If not, reread each of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underlined parts again, listening for the possible error. The word who seems 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 OK, so choice (A) does not contain the error. What about choice (B)? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Convened also seems to be error-free. Choice (C), however, sounds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 funny—was is a singular verb, but its subject scientists is plural. Choice (D), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 excited about, seems to be fine. Choice (C) contains the mistake, so you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should mark the oval for C as the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When eliminating choices in the ISE section, you can look for specific types 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of mistakes that occur frequently in the section. In the preceding example, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the error is in subject-verb agreement, a common mistake that you’re likely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to encounter. When examining the other choices in the sentence, you could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also check to make sure the verbs agree with their subjects and that they’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the correct tenses. (They are and they are.) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t hesitate to select choice (E), “No Error,” in answering the ISE 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. Choice (E) will be the correct answer about one-fifth of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time—the test-makers are very equitable in their distribution of possible 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers. Don’t be tricked into seeing errors where there aren’t any! 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 206 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The same kinds of mistakes occur repeatedly in the ISE section and luckily, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there are only a few of them. Knowing what kinds of errors to look out for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will help you identify the mistakes in the ISE section. The following chart 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shows the main types of errors to look for. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Common Errors in the ISE Section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Regular Errors More Advanced Errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Collective Nouns Subject-Verb Agreement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Inverted Order 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Subject and Verb Separated by a Phrase 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fake Compounds (when the subject 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appears to be plural but isn’t) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Verb Tenses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Confusion of Past and Past Participle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sequence of Tenses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Noun Agreement in Number 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ambiguous and Vague Pronouns 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pronoun Reference Agreement in Number with Antecedents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Case in Compound Noun Phrases 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pronoun Shifts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using Modifiers Comparison of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Adjectives and Adverbs Modifiers 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Logical Comparison Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Double Negatives 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Homonyms/Easily Confused Words Using Correct Diction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Idioms Non-idiomatic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Confusion of infinitive and gerund prepositions after 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verbs 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that we’ve listed the errors as “Regular” and “More Advanced.” For 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those of you who want to just review the basics, you can stick to the regular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 types of errors to look out for. For those of you aiming to score super-high 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the Writing section, you can review it all: the More Advanced category 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 includes some of the trickier grammatical errors the test-makers will throw 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at you. In the rest of this section, we will look closely at how each of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 common errors occurs in the ISE section. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 207 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Please Be Agreeable: Subject-Verb Agreement 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Subjects and verbs must agree in number. Singular subjects require singular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verbs, and plural subjects require plural verbs. Chances are that in a regular, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 everyday sentence, you’ll readily recognize when there is subject-verb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disagreement, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sandeep walk to the store to buy a newspaper. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word walk probably strikes you as incorrect, since the singular subject 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sandeep requires the singular verb form walks. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, the pesky test-makers create sentences in which errors in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject-verb agreement may not be so obvious. One way the test-makers do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this is by inverting the order of the subject and verb. Try to identify the error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although many students believe that carrots taste best raw, there is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many others who prefer them cooked. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The error lies in choice (C), since the plural subject others requires a plural 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verb are rather than the singular is. Notice how the verb follows the subject 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the above sentence. Tricky, isn’t it? Be on the lookout for errors in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject-verb agreement when the subject follows the verb, and remember 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that all you have to do is identify the subject and whether it takes a singular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or plural verb. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test creators also like to separate the subject and the verb with a phrase in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISE items. Look for the error in subject-verb agreement in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The soccer player, a favorite of the team’s legions of fans, have a strict 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 workout routine. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The error is in choice (D), since the singular subject player should take the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 singular verb has rather than the plural have. The phrase that comes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the subject and the verb, a favorite of the team’s legions of fans, has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no affect on the number of the verb. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When verbs are underlined as possible errors, double check to make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure that they agree in number with their subjects. To identify the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject of the verb, ask who is doing the action stated in the verb and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remember that the subject may appear far, far away from the verb. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Then figure out whether the subject is singular or plural, and make 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure that the verb agrees in number with the subject. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 208 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You may also see sentences in the ISE section in which the subject appears to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be plural but isn’t, as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Either Jeb or Trisha are going to the play with me tonight. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this sentence there are two separate singular subjects: Jeb and Trisha, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thus the verb should be in the singular form is. In sentences that use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 constructions either __________ or __________ and neither __________ nor 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 __________, the nouns and the verbs are singular. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fake Compound Subjects 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see the following constructions, be on the lookout for subjects 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that look plural but are not: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either __________ or __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 neither __________ nor__________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 __________ along with __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 __________ as well as __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 __________ in addition to __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Together with __________ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That Makes Tense: Getting Verb Tenses Right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another favorite category for the makers of the Writing section test is verb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tenses. Frequently, the test-makers will confuse the simple past and past 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 participle forms of a verb, as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The snow fallen all night long. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fallen is incorrect, because it is the past participle of the verb to fall, and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence requires the simple past tense form or fell. See if you can pick out 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the error in the next sentence: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We grabbed our jackets and run outside to make snow people. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you picked choice (C), you were right! Run is the part participle of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verb to run, but the sentence requires the simple past tense: ran. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 209 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expressed by the verb. Verbs in English have six tenses: present, past, future, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. The chart below explains 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 each of the tenses. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tense Definition Example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Present existing or happening Mimi has enough 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 now money. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mimi has worked all Present Perfect existing or happening 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 summer, and now sometime before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 she feels rich. now 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Simple Past existing or happening She saved nickels in her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the past piggybank. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Before she counted her Past Perfect existing or happening 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bills, Mimi had before a specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 taken them out of time in the past 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her purse. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Future existing or happening She will decide how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the future much to spend on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new notebook. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mimi will have Future Perfect existing or happening 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considered many before a specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices, and she will time in the future 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make an informed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decision. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see more than one verb in a sentence, be on the lookout for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use of the wrong tense in one of those verbs. Try to identify the error in the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After she shoveled the sidewalk, Tammie had taken a nap. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Does that sentence make sense to you? Of course it doesn’t, and if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 picked choice (D) as the culprit, you were dead-on correct. The verb in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first clause, shoveled, is in the simple past tense, while the verb in the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clause, had taken, is in the past perfect tense, which implies that the action 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 210 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was completed before another action in the past. However, Tammie has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obviously taken her nap after shoveling the sidewalk, so the verb should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the simple past as well: took. When dealing with sentences that involve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more than one verb, make sure that the time relation between the verbs 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seems logical. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s All Agree: Noun Agreement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The following sentence contains an error in noun agreement. Let’s see if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can spot it: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The rumor spread that Alexandra and Jane want to be an astronaut. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The error lies with choice (D), because two people (Alexandra and Jane) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cannot be one astronaut no matter how hard they try. They can, however, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 become more than one astronaut. The sentence should read: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The rumor spread that Alexandra and Jane want to be astronauts. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The original incorrect sentence contains an error in noun agreement, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since the nouns do not agree in number. Remember to identify the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subject of the sentence and check to see if the other nouns it relates to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 agree in number with it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pronoun Problems 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or nouns. Be on the alert when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you see a pronoun underlined, since pronouns are tested in a number of ways. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You will likely encounter a sentence in which the pronoun disagrees with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the noun it refers to in number. That’s right, pronouns need to agree in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number with the nouns they refer to. See if you can spot the error in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun number in the sentence below: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Students who read the novel thoroughly will be rewarded for her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 efforts. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) contains the error, since the pronoun her is singular while its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 antecedent (the noun referred to) Students is plural. The correct plural 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun is their. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another way in which the test-makers present pronoun errors is by putting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronouns in the wrong case. Case is the form of a pronoun that shows how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 211 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word is used, and pronouns may be in the nominative, objective, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possessive cases. In the next sentence, I is in the nominative case; me is in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 objective case; and my is in the possessive case: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I forgot to bring my sticker collection with me to the meeting. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t worry—it’s not important for you to name exactly which case a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun is in on the test! You just have to be able to recognize when a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun is in the wrong case. In addition, these errors in pronoun case will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 occur most often in compound noun phrases, in which the pronoun is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 linked with a noun or another pronoun, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Him and Jesse’s parents traveled for forty days and nights on a tiny ship 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 called Invincible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the compound noun phrase Him and Jesse’s parents, the pronoun Him is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the wrong case, because the pronoun should be acting as a subject. Who 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 traveled? He did. Him can’t travel, because him is in the objective not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subjective case. The trick with these questions is to isolate the pronoun and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make sure that it is in the right case. To check the pronoun’s case, try 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading the phrase without the other part of the compound noun phrase. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Him traveled for forty days . . . just doesn’t work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see a pronoun underlined, check to see if it represents an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 error in one of the following: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Number—Does it match the number of the noun it refers to? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Case—Is it in the right case? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Shift—Are the pronouns consistent in the sentence? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Reference—Does it refer clearly to something in the sentence? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A third way in which pronoun errors occur is in pronoun shifts. See if you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can identify the pronoun shift in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whenever one is bored, you should sing a little ditty. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you identified the pronoun you as the incorrect pronoun, you were right 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on target. The pronouns in the above sentence refer to the same performer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so they need to be consistent, and you should be replaced by the pronoun 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that was originally used one. The test-makers like to try to confuse you by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 creating pronoun shifts with words such as you, one, and they that are often 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used interchangeably in everyday speech but should be consistent in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Standard Written English. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Mod Squad: Using Modifiers Correctly 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Adjectives modify or describe nouns or pronouns. Adverbs modify verbs, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adjectives, or other adverbs and frequently end in -ly. When you see an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adjective or adverb underlined in the ISE section, check to see that it is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct modifier. Try to identify the error in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Edwin’s dog Co-Co, who was named for a fashion designer, ran joyful 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through the snow. No error 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Cut to the chase and look at choice (C), where the error lies. The word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 joyful is an adjective. However, joyful modifies the verb ran and should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 therefore be the adverb joyfully. Trust your ear to tell you when there’s a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mistake in one-word modifiers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Advanced Topic: Comparison of Modifiers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The next sentence contains an error in the comparison of modifiers: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is the better meal I have ever eaten. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assuming that the speaker has eaten more than two meals in her lifetime, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can say that she has used the wrong modifier. Since she is comparing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more than two things, she needs to use the superlative form of the modifier, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which is best. Superlative adjectives and adverbs usually end in –est and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 express comparison among more than two items. The comparative form, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usually ending in –er shows comparison between two things only. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Modifiers that have more than two syllables form their comparative and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 superlative degrees with more and most: more energetic and most energetic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Be alert to errors in comparison of modifiers, whenever they are underlined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Check to see how many items are being compared, and then make sure that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the modifier is correct. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Logical Comparison: Can I Compare Thee? Maybe, Maybe Not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Not all things can be compared with each other logically in a sentence, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sneaky test-makers may well try to slip an illogical comparison into your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test. Read the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vain and determined, Franklin aspired to be more admired than his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 co-host’s reputation. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When checking for logical comparison, first see what’s being compared. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this erroneous sentence, Franklin is being compared to his co-host’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reputation. This comparison doesn’t make sense, because you just can’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 213 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compare a person to a reputation. You can, however, compare a person to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 person. The sentence should read: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vain and determined, Franklin aspired to be more admired than his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 co-host. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sounds better, right? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Double Negatives: Two Wrongs Don’t Hardly Make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a Right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A double negative is the use of two negative words when one is enough. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Standard Written English, you should use only one negative, unless you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intend to cancel out the meanings of both negatives (and you won’t want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do that on the test). See if you can identify the error in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We wanted to splash in the puddles, but there weren’t none. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) contains the error, since it contains the second negative word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 none. In the sentence above, weren’t adequately conveys the negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here is a list of some common negative words: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Common Negative Words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nowhere nobody barely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only not (also look for the hardly 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scarcely contraction n’t) neither 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 without nothing no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Except What I Accept: Homonyms/Easily 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Confused Words 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In English, there are homonyms and other word pairs that sound alike but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have completely different meanings. Be prepared to identify errors in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usage of such words, as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Accept for never taking out the garbage, Hercules is a great roommate. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word accept means “to take or tolerate something.” In this sentence, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word should be Except, which means, “the thing that does not apply to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stated rule.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 214 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s a list of some other easily confused words that you may encounter on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Easily Confused Words 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lead/led accept/except 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leave/let advice/advise 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 peace/piece affect/effect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 principle/principal afflict/inflict 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 raise/rise allusion/illusion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 set/sit break/brake 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stationary/stationery compliment/complement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than/then emigrate/immigrate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there/their/they’re formally, formerly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to/too/two here/hear 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your/you’re lay/lie 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Advanced Topic: Using Correct Diction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Diction refers to word choice, and clearly, you should choose the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words whenever you write or speak. The tricky test-makers may give you an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISE question in which they try to confuse you by using incorrect diction. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These errors are along the lines of easily confused words, but they may be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 less common, as in the next example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Barton has translocated the book into five languages. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word translocated means to move from one location to another. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence calls for the word translated, so the sentence contains an error in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diction. There’s no real way to prepare for these types of errors, except to be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the alert for them whenever you see a strange word underlined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Idioms: Weird but True 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Idioms refer to the peculiar expressions in a language—expressions that do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not necessarily follow grammatical rules. Idiomatic expressions are correct, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because people think they are, and they’re defined by custom and usage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The ISE section often features a question in which an infinitive or gerund is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used unidiomatically. The infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by to, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that can be used as a noun, adjective, or an adverb, as in: to sleep, to eat, to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gesticulate. A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun, as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in: climbing, singing, castigating. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 215 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look for the error in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In spite of rising early every morning to run five miles, Sasha did not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 succeed to conquer her opponent. No error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) contains the error, because the infinitive to conquer should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replaced by the gerund in conquering. With idioms, there are no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatical rules to guide you. You simply have to let your ear tell you if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something does or doesn’t sound right. However, you should be on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lookout for non-idiomatic phrases whenever you see a gerund or an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 infinitive underlined on the test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Non-Idiomatic Prepositions After Verbs 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers also create questions that test your idiomatic knowledge of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prepositions that follow certain verbs. Notice the incorrect use of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preposition on in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After considering the situation for four days, Tefi told Moon-Jie that she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 had decided to agree on his proposal. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can agree on many things, but in the sentence above the phrase is used 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unidiomatically, and the preposition on should be replaced with to. That’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the correct idiomatic expression, and with idioms you’ll have to trust your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ear to tell you when a preposition is being used incorrectly. When you see a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preposition underlined, check to make sure that it’s being used correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Studying lists of idioms doesn’t make a lot of sense—you’ll just know them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when you see them. Reading works written in standard English will help 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you attune your ear to idioms and diction. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISE Review: Use the Steps to Identify the Error 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Congratulations! You’ve now synthesized the main types of errors you’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 likely to encounter in the ISE section. Before moving on to the Improving 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentences section, let’s see if you can use the steps outlined at the beginning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of this section to identify the error in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although no bigger than a thimble, the fiercely insect terrorized the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A B C 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 group of bird-watchers. No error 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 216 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 1: Listen for mistakes. If you hear the mistake right away, mark the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 oval, and move on. If not, go on to Step 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 2: Reread each underlined part, listening for the error. Choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) than appears to be fine. Choice (B), however, sounds funny—a fiercely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 insect? Knowing that you’ll be tested on the use of adjectives and adverbs, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (B) should come under some scrutiny. You might recognize that since 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word in choice (B) modifies a noun, it should be an adjective, not an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adverb. It should be a fierce insect, since dropping the –ly changes the word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from an adverb to an adjective. Or you might just realize that it sounds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrong and move on to the next question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 3: If none of the choices sounds funny to you, try the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 process of elimination. Does choice (C) seem correct? The verb terrorized 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seems to be in the correct tense and it agrees with its subject insect. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should probably eliminate choice (C) as a possible error. Complete the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 steps with the other choices, then make an educated guess. If the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 isn’t obvious to you, don’t forget that choice (E), “No error,” is always a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 viable choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Educated guessing can and should be used for all the questions in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Writing section, regardless of the question type. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Sentences: Finding the Correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Corrections 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second section of the Writing test consists of improving sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, which are a bit more elaborate than the ISE questions. Like the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISE questions, the improving sentences questions test your knowledge of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basic grammar, usage, and word choice. However, for these problems there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will be an emphasis on issues concerning sentence structure. Again, you will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not be tested on spelling or capitalization, and punctuation will only be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tested as it relates to sentence structure. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As with the ISE questions, you won’t have to name grammatical terms or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 identify exactly what the nature of the error is. You will simply need to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recognize when a sentence contains an error and identify the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correction among four given choices. You will not be asked to provide the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correction itself. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 217 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The directions for Improving Sentences will look something like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The following questions test your knowledge of English 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar, word usage, word choice, sentence construction, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 punctuation. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. If you believe there is an error, choose the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice that corrects the original mistake. Answer choices (B), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C), (D), and (E) contain alternative phrasings of the underlined 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 phrasings will correct it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 believe the underlined portion does not contain any errors, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 select answer choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underlined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tackling the Improving Sentences Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s look at a typical improving sentences question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other players were as equal in their support of the idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) were as equal in their support of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) held equal support of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) were equally supportive of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) had supported equally 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) held support equally of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the underlined portion of the sentence. You will be asked whether 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that underlined part contains an error, and if so, which of the choices best 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corrects that part of the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that choice (A) repeats the underlined portion of the sentence. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 think the underlined portion is fine as it is, you should choose choice (A), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which indicates “No correction.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 218 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t waste your time rereading choice (A), as it always repeats the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underlined portion exactly. Don’t be afraid to choose it as the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either. Since the test-makers distribute the possible answer choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evenly, choice (A) (and all the other choices) will be the right answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about one-fifth of the time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If, however, you think the underlined part sounds wrong, consider choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) through (E) as the possible correction. The correction should produce a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence that is grammatically correct, as well as clear and concise. You can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 follow these simple steps to tackling improving sentences questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Read the sentence, listening for an error. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. If the sentence sounds funny, read choices (B) through (E), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentally plugging in the choices into the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Use POE to eliminate obviously wrong answers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Don’t hesitate to select choice A if the sentence sounds right. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s try using the steps to find the answer to the example above. Reread the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. Something should sound a little odd to you. The phrase “were as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equal . . .” is awkward, and its form does not mirror the structure of the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 part of the sentence “were opposed to.” Since the sentence sounds funny, try 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentally plugging each choice into the sentence, to see if it works. When we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plug in choice (B), the sentence reads: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other players held equal support of the idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That phrasing still sounds odd. When we plug in choice (C), we get: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other players were equally supportive of the idea. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That sentence sounds good, and in fact, choice (C) provides the correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer, because it expresses the second part of the sentence in a way that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parallel, or in equal form, to the first part. You can quickly check the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices to see if they work better than this one. Choice (D) gives us: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other players had supported equally the idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 219 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) creates a sentence in which the two verbs are in different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forms—were is a linking verb and had supported is in the past perfect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tense—so that choice can be eliminated as incorrect. Choice (E) also yields a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence that sounds awkward: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other players held support equally of the idea. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thus, choice (C) is the best answer. You can double check your answer by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plugging it into the sentence again to see if it sounds the best. Since choice 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) provides the best correction, you would mark oval C on the test. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this sentence, two groups are being compared: players who were opposed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to riding the bus and players who were supportive of the idea. Choice (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 creates two phrases that have the same grammatical form. This question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tests your knowledge of parallel structure—a common error in the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Sentences section. Luckily, the section tests only a few 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatical rules, and by becoming familiar with these rules, you’ll be able 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to rule the Improving Sentences section. Here’s a chart showing the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatical problems we’ll cover in this section: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Common Errors in Improving Sentences Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Regular More Advanced 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With Connective Words 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a Series 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Subordinate Clauses: Choosing Coordination and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Most Concise Choice Subordination 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using the Correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Conjunction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Two Subordinate Clauses 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence Fragments 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Creating Independent Clauses 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Creating Compound Predicates Run-On Sentences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using Appositive Phrases Using Semicolons 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Creating Subordinate Clauses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using Modifiers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Misplaced and Dangling 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Modifiers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 220 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that we’ve presented “Regular” and “More Advanced” topics. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “More Advanced” issues are included for those of you who want to ace the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test. Those of you who are aiming for a good but not outstanding score can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 focus on mastering the regular topics. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since you’re a sharpie, you probably also noticed that there are fewer topics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to cover in this section than there were in the ISE section. Some of the same 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatical concepts that cropped up in the ISE section will occur in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Sentences section, but the Improving Sentences section is really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about the correct flow of sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You already have a good grasp of the basics of grammar, usage, and word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice, and you’ll probably be surprised at how good you are at pinpointing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 issues of sentence structure. Remember, you won’t have to use or name 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatical terms on the test. However, knowing what issues to look for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will help you know when there is an error and eliminate incorrect choices. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s look at the issues. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Equal Ideas in Equal Forms: Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The example question provides a typical improving sentences question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 involving parallel structure. Whenever items are compared, be sure that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they are expressed in the same grammatical forms, using the same verb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tenses and types of modifiers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers particularly like to create errors in parallel structure in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences that use pairs of connective words. Notice the connective words in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The more Carolyn advocated for the color green, the more Meg argued for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the use of blue. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The connective words, the more . . . the more, require you to use parallel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 structure with what follows them, since the connective words imply 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparison. The above sentence uses parallel structure effectively, since in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both parts of the sentence, there is a noun (Carolyn/Meg) followed by a past 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tense verb (advocated/argued) followed by a preposition (for/for). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Connective Words Requiring Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Neither/nor 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Either/or 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Both/and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Whether/or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • The better/the better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 221 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Not only/but also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • The more/ the more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Another way in which the test creators like to test parallelism is in lists of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 items. Lists require that all the items be in the same form, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Charles painted the house, cleaned the bathroom, and swept the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 front steps. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that all three items in the list are in the same form, as they all employ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verbs in the same tense (simple past). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now, see if you can answer the next question. (Guess what? There may be a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem involving parallel structure): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After working all day, Aditi likes to relax by listening to music, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lighting candles, and read poetry. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) and read poetry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) and reading poetry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) and be read poetry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) and finally in reading poetry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) as well as read poetry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Trying the steps to answering improving sentences questions, first read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. The underlined part should sound awkward to you. Since you’re a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 smartie, you probably recognized that the underlined part was not parallel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the other two items in the list. Identifying the error as faulty parallelism 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will enable you to speed through the next step. As you mentally plug in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other choices to see which one works best, you can look for words ending in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 –ing, which will make the last item parallel. (See how knowing just one 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar rule speeds up the process of elimination!) Choices (B) and (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contain that construction, but choice (D) also contains the extraneous word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 finally in, which keep the third item from being like the others. Choice (B) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see part of a list underlined, look to see if that item is like the others. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Joined at the Middle: Coordination and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Subordination 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You may recall that sentences containing two or more clauses need to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connected logically and grammatically. Coordinating conjunctions such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and, if, but, or, and yet connect independent clauses. An independent clause 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 has a subject and verb and can stand alone as a sentence. Errors in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 coordination occur when the coordinating conjunction that is used does not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 222 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connect the ideas in a logical manner. See if you can pick the correct answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the next improving sentences example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Samantha liked to think of herself as a tough cookie, yet she bravely 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ventured forth into the tiger’s cage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) cookie, yet she bravely ventured 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) cookie; yet, she bravely ventured 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) cookie; however, she bravely ventured 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) cookie, so she bravely ventured 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) cookie only while bravely venture 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Does the sentence sound correct to you? Samantha thinks of herself as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 brave, yet she does a brave thing. That does not make sense, so start looking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at choices (B) through (E). You may have surmised that the problem lies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the coordinating conjunction. Yet does not logically express the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relationship between the two clauses in the sentence, so you should look for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an choice that contains a conjunction that does. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B) merely changes the punctuation of the sentence, so you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate that choice right away. Choice (C) seems to be punctuated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly, but the connector however also does not express the correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relationship between the ideas, so you can cross that choice out. Choice (D), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the other hand, does express a logical relationship, since the conjunction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so is synonymous with therefore, and it makes sense that Samantha would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 venture into a tiger’s cage if she considered herself brave. Choice (E) gives us 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a verb that is in the wrong tense as well as a mystifying connector. Choice 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) is the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 Common Subordinating Conjunctions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 until if although 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when in order that as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whenever once as if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 where since as long as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wherever so that because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whether than before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 while unless even though 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Quite sensibly, subordinating conjunctions—like those in the preceding 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chart—introduce subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses cannot stand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 alone as a sentence, since every sentence needs a subject and a verb. Be alert 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 223 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to faulty subordination in which the only two clauses in a sentence are both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subordinate, as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 While Grace was brushing her teeth, when Janek ran outside. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The subordinating conjunctions at the beginning of each clause will be a big 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tip-off that something is wrong, and you should look for the correction that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 creates an independent clause. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence Fragments: Looks Like the Real Thing, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but Isn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This sentence fragment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The preceding group of words may be punctuated like a sentence, but it isn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one, because it lacks a verb. Sentences must express complete thoughts. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes, you will see a sentence fragment that consists of only a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subordinate clause as in: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whenever Geneva puts on her wig. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There’s no identifiable subject or verb in this group of words. The crafty 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-makers will sometimes present you with long sentence fragments 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 posing as sentences. Choose the answer to the next question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The struggles and triumphs of a class of third-graders, which are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 movingly depicted in the novel by Yi Munyol. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) The struggles and triumphs of a class of third-graders, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are movingly depicted in the novel by Yi Munyol. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) The novel by Yi Munyol movingly depicts the struggles and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triumphs of a class of third-graders. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Yi Munyol, in his moving novel, depicting the struggles and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triumphs of a class of third-graders. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) The struggles and triumphs of a class of third-graders being 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 movingly depicted in the novel by Yi Munyol. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) Yi Munyol, whose novel movingly depicts a class of third123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graders’ struggles and triumphs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You probably noticed that the original sentence is a sentence fragment 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since it is missing a verb. To determine which of the choices provides the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct revision, look for sentences with subjects and verbs that express 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complete thoughts. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 224 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Is It a Fragment? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the following questions to determine if an underlined sentence is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a fragment: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Does the sentence have a subject? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Does it have a verb? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Does it express a complete thought? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the answer is “no” to any of these, the sentence is but a mere fragment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the question above, only choice (B) provides a complete sentence, so it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the choice to choose. Use your trusty ear to eliminate choices that are also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence fragments. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 On and On and On: Run-On Sentences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Read the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the movie Super Comma, the hero saves the city, he is later engulfed by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hordes of clamoring fans. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This sentence is a run-on sentence, because it includes two independent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clauses that are joined incorrectly. Remember that independent clauses can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stand alone as sentences. In the above sentence, the clauses are erroneously 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 joined by only a comma. There are several ways to correct a run-on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. The most obvious way is to replace the comma (or the lack of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 punctuation) with a period, creating two sentences. However, the test9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makers will rarely give you that choice on the Writing test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Instead, they may offer the choice to change the comma to a semicolon. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 semicolon (;) is used to join two sentences that are closely related. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following correction is correct: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the movie Super Comma, the hero saves the city; he is later engulfed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by hordes of clamoring fans. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes the test-makers won’t give you the semicolon choice either. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those cases, you should look for an choice that makes one of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 independent clauses subordinate. Read the next run-on sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Gus was running late again, Sheila started getting impatient. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A good way to revise this run-on sentence would be to make the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clause subordinate: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 225 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Because Gus was running late again, Sheila started getting impatient. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To review subordinate clauses and subordinating conjunctions, see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pages 200 and 222–224. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now choose the answer to the next improving sentences question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You’re sure to find people eager to ski, there are snowy vistas. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) to ski, there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) to ski but there are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) to ski and are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) to ski, meanwhile there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) to ski, wherever there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since each clause in the sentence is independent, the sentence is a run-on and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (A) is out. Choice (B) doesn’t make any sense, and it is punctuated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrectly, as there should be a comma preceding the coordinating conjunc9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion but. Eliminate choice (B). Choice (C) offers a sentence in which the verb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 are is in the wrong number. It’s also illogical. Choice (D) provides a gram123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 matically correct choice, but it doesn’t make sense. That leaves us with choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E), which correctly supplies a subordinate clause. Choice (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ways to Fix a Run-On 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers may offer any of the following ways to fix a run-on sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Using a semicolon to join the clauses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Making one clause a subordinate clause. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Turning the clauses into one sentence with a compound predicate. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Using an appositive phrase. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Creating Compound Predicates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yet another way to fix run-on sentences is to create compound predicates. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 This is a fancy way of saying that the subject has two or more verbs. When 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the two independent clauses have the same subject, you can compress the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence into one clause in which the subject does more than one thing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the next run-on sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The letter O probably started as a picture of an eye in Egyptian 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hieroglyphic writing, it was later given a circular form. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 226 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the two clauses have the same subject, you can change them into a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence with a compound predicate: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The letter O probably started as a picture of an eye in Egyptian 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hieroglyphic writing and was later given a circular form. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Not too hard, right? Look out for compound predicates among the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices when you encounter run-on sentences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using Appositive Phrases 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s yet another way to correct run-ons. The test-makers may give you a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 run-on sentence in which the correction involves an appositive phrase. An 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appositive phrase consists of a noun or pronoun and its modifiers. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Appositive phrases give you extra information about the person, place, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thing being described. Here’s an example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Madonna Ciccone, a singer from Michigan, will appear in concert at 8 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The appositive phrase is a singer from Michigan. The test-makers may give 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 the choice of changing an independent clause into an appositive phrase to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct a run-on, so be on the look-out for these kinds of phrases. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mod Squad II: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember your friend the modifier? A modifier is a word or phrase that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describes another word in the sentence. Modifiers need to be placed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly in a sentence, so that it is clear which word is being modified. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Funny things happen when you place a modifier too far away from what it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should modify, as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Born two months ago, we happily adopted the adorable puppies. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The modifying phrase, Born two months ago, is misplaced, since as the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence now reads, the modifier appears to describe the people (we). Using 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your powers of rationality, you can identify that the phrase should modify 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the puppies, and the sentence should be changed to: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We adopted the adorable puppies born two months ago. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Dangling modifiers may also crop up on the test. Look at the next sentence: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Jogging in the park, the clouds move ominously overhead. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Who was jogging? We don’t know, because the modifier is missing the word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it ought to modify. To correct a dangling modifier, you need to add 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Jogging in the park, we noticed the clouds move ominously overhead. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 227 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you see an entire sentence underlined, you should be on the alert for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an error in modification. Now try answering the next question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Roland was pleasantly surprised when he found a package on his 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doorstep opening the door. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) Roland was pleasantly surprised when he found a package on 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 his doorstep opening the door. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Opening the door, Roland was pleasantly surprised to find a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 package on his doorstep. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Roland was pleasantly surprised when he found a package 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opening the door on his doorstep. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Roland, on his doorstep, was pleasantly surprised to find a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 package upon opening. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) On his doorstep opening the door, Roland was pleasantly 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 surprised to find a package. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The original sentence is incorrect, because it contains a misplaced modifier; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the doorstep appears to be opening the door. Choice (B) presents a logical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modification. In this choice, Roland is opening the door, and the package is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the doorstep. Choice (C) can be crossed out, since it presents another 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 misplaced modifier—in this case the package is opening the door! Choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) and (E) offer sentences that are within the realm of logic, but their word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ordering is awkward. Choice (B) is the best choice. Remember to take a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guess, after eliminating obviously wrong choices, if you’re not sure of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Summing Up: Improving Sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Phew! Congratulations again—you’ve finished reviewing the major gram9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mar points for the Improving Sentences section. Remember, there are only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 five key areas of grammar to keep in mind in this section: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Coordination and Subordination 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence Fragments 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Run-On Sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 And here’s the really good news: you’re done with learning about grammar 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and usage! Knowing what you know already will put you in an excellent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 position to tackle the Writing section. In the next section, we’ll look at a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 228 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 couple of finer points of writing such as avoiding wordiness, but mostly we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will focus on how to approach the improving paragraphs questions. Since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’re already a grammatical wizard, the next section will be a whiz. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Paragraphs: The (Slightly) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bigger Picture 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Give yourself a pat on the back. You’ve already mastered the basic tasks for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Writing test by learning how to find errors in sentences and how to fix 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them. The third and final type of multiple-choice questions, improving 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraphs, will take you one step further by asking you to consider errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the context of paragraphs and short essays. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Improving Paragraphs questions will present you with paragraphs or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 short essays, followed by a few questions. Those questions will ask you to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do one of three things: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Correct sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Combine sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Consider organization of the sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We’ll look at how to approach each of these types of questions in detail, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before doing that, let’s look at a typical improving paragraphs question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence construction. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 draft contains various errors. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some questions will focus on specific sentences and ask if there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are any problems with that sentence’s word choice, word usage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or overall structure. Other questions will ask about the para123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graph itself. These questions will focus on paragraph organiza9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion and development. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and proper essay and paragraph writing. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 229 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
X-Ref
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This question is based on the following paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (1) An estuary is a place where rivers meet the ocean. (2) Fresh 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 water from rivers mixes with salt water from oceans. (3) Estuaries are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 often shaped like funnels, with the rivers running down the middle of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the estuaries toward the ocean. (4) Bays are usually shaped like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 half-circles; however, some are really estuaries. (5) Any place where 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fresh water mixes with salt water is an estuary. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. In context, which is the best way to revise the underlined portion of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence 4 (reproduced below)? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Bays are usually shaped like half-circles; however, some are really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 estuaries. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) however, they are really estuaries 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) wherever there are really estuaries 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) and are really estuaries 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) however, it is really an estuary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) however, some bays are really estuaries 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is an example of the first type of improving paragraphs question, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which requires you to correct sentences. This type of question should strike 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you as familiar, as it similar to the improving sentences questions. The only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difference is that with the improving paragraphs questions, you need to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look at the context of the whole paragraph to figure out how to best revise 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the example above, the original sentence contains an error in ambiguous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reference, since it isn’t clear what exactly the word some refers to. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Theoretically, some could refer to either bays or half-circles. Logically, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know that the reference is probably to bays, and when you read sentence 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that instinct is affirmed, since sentence 5 tells you that any place where salt 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 water meets fresh water is an estuary. By reading the whole paragraph, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can correctly surmise that the correct answer is choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ambiguous or vague pronoun reference errors are common in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Paragraphs section. If you’re not sure how to handle these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 types of errors, see pages 211–212 in the ISE section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 230 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With any of the improving paragraphs questions, you’ll have to read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whole paragraph or essay to determine the correct answers. This portion of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Writing test tests your grasp of information and how sentences work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 together to effectively convey meaning. You’ll be looking for sentences that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are weak, redundant, or ambiguous. Often, however, you will have to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 identify the main idea of a paragraph or essay to arrive at the correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer. We’ll explore this strategy in depth when we discuss the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organizational types of questions at the end of this section. Before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discussing the three types of questions, let’s look at how to tackle the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improving paragraphs questions in general. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Basic Strategy for Tackling the Improving 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Paragraphs Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the following steps to successfully answer the Improving Paragraphs 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Read the paragraph or essay, noting any words that clue you in to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage’s main idea. Don’t be afraid to underline words as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you read. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Read the question stem or the part of the question that precedes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the five multiple-choice choices. The stem may direct you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific numbered sentences or it may ask you an organizational 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. Determining what kind of question you’re being asked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will help you hone in on the information you need to answer the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Reread the parts of the paragraph or essay that you need to reread 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to answer the question. With the correcting and combining 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences questions, you should reread the numbered sentences in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question for sure, but you may also need to reread the sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that surround them to arrive at the right answer. With the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organizational questions, you’ll probably have to reread the entire 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. The passages are short, so skimming them again 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shouldn’t take too long. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. When considering the choices, look for an answer that addresses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the problem you’ve identified. For example, if you’ve already 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determined that the problem lies with an ambiguous pronoun 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reference, look for the choice that provides a clear reference. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. If you come across a question that deals with the main idea or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organization of the passage, you may need to answer the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions first. The answers to the other questions can help you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 231 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand the main idea of the passage and may give you a better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chance at answering that type of question correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now let’s look at the three types of Improving Paragraphs questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Fix It Quick: Correcting Sentences 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One type of Improving Paragraphs question requires that you choose the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best revision to a given sentence. These questions strongly resemble the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Sentences questions from the previous section, but with the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Improving Paragraphs questions, you’ll have to consider the context of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence within the whole passage. Look at the next paragraph and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (1) Fish swim in schools to protect themselves from predators. (2) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is safety in numbers, and young and small fish are safer in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 group. (3) Swimming with hundreds or thousands of other fish 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 confuses potential predators, since a school of tiny fish can fool 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 predators by appearing to be a much larger creature. (4) An enemy is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 less likely to attack it than a single fish swimming by itself. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the context of the paragraph, which revision is most needed in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence 4? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) Insert “As a matter of fact” at the beginning. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Omit the word “less.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Change “it” to “a school.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Change “than” to “then.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) Change “itself” to “themselves.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After reading the paragraph, you can identify that the word it in sentence 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 refers to a school of fish, since the whole paragraph is about why fish swim 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in schools. You should also recognize that the pronoun it needs to be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 changed, because it doesn’t have a clear reference. Knowing the context and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 identifying the grammatical error will tell you that choice C is the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revision to the sentence. Pretty straightforward, right? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (B), (D), and (E) actually introduce grammatical errors into the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence, so they should all be eliminated. Choice (A) doesn’t introduce an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 error, but it does add unnecessary words to the sentence. Remember that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you should always pick the choice that yields the most concise correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 construction. We’ll say more about the importance of being concise in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 next section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 232 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. A Good Mix: Combining Sentences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some improving paragraphs questions will ask you to choose the best way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to combine sentences. Take a look at the next paragraph and question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (1) The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 famous for his intensely colored, highly textured paintings. (2) His 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 landscapes and portraits are marked by swirling brushstrokes and a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passionate sensibility. (3) While creating his artworks, van Gogh 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sometimes suffered from bouts of mental instability. (4) In 1889, he 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy. (5) He made some of his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greatest paintings while he was at the hospital. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 4 and 5? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In 1889, he admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy. He made 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some of his greatest paintings while he was at the hospital. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) In 1889, he admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 he made some of his greatest paintings while he was at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hospital. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Having admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy in 1889, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 he made some of his greatest paintings while there. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) He made some of his paintings, his greatest paintings, in 1889, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 while admitting himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Because he admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 made some of his greatest paintings in 1889. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) In 1889, he admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rémy where 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 he made some of his greatest paintings. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Upon reading the paragraph, you probably noticed that part of sentence 5 is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 redundant, as it repeats what is said in sentence 4. You can surmise that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there is a way to combine the ideas in one sentence, and you should look for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the choice that combines the ideas effectively and concisely. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E) offers the best way to combine the sentences, because it provides 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the most concise way to combine the ideas. Choices (C) and (D) should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminated, as they create sentences that are somewhat illogical. Choices (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (B) offer sentences that are in the realm of possibility, but choice (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 provides a more succinct and logical connection between the ideas. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the improving paragraphs questions, you want to choose the answer that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminates wordiness or unnecessary words. Although the shortest answer is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not necessarily the correct one all the time, you should look for the choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that expresses ideas most succinctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 233 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In order to combine sentences effectively, you should also know the basic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rules of punctuation. If you need to refresh your memory concerning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 commas and the like, take a moment to review the chart below. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Punctuation Review 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Punctuation 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mark How to Use the Mark Example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comma to separate items in a Jon is a runner, a lawyer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 list and a brother. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to separate two or Shabba nearly fell asleep 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more adjectives watching the tedious, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before a noun melodramatic play. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Niko, an excellent to set off clauses or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mathematician, loves to phrases that are not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 play the violin. essential to the main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea of the sentence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 after introductory Before leaving the house, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 phrases Howie checked to see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the lights were out. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Brianna interviewed 14 to separate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people for the job, yet independent clauses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 she didn’t find a suitable (the comma precedes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 employee. the conjunction) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 semicolon to join independent The iris is Ali’s favorite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clauses flower; he grows rows of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them in his yard. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Elena felt awkward about to connect independent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 barging in on the party; clauses joined by 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however, she managed to transitional 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make a grand entrance. expressions such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however, for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example, indeed, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 moreover, therefore, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and in addition 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
,
;
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Punctuation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mark How to Use the Mark Example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 colon before a list, definition, You will need to bring the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or explanation following items: a plastic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cup, a toothbrush, and a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 flashlight. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hyphen at the end of a line The party was organ9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ized by the president. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with compound words twenty-one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 self-made 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a well-written story 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dash to indicate an abrupt My pet Marcel—he’s a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 break in thought or pug—is the most popular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 speech dog in the neighborhood. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Apostrophe in contractions you’re, it’s, don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to show possession the boy’s friend 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the girls’ building blocks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Combining sentences questions are not much more involved than the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correcting sentences questions. When you encounter these types of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions, keep in mind the same grammatical rules you’ve learned while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preparing for other parts of the test and use your knowledge to eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 obviously wrong choices. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The Proper Place and Order: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Organizational Questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The third type of improving paragraphs question will require you to make 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decisions about paragraph development and organization. In these ques9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions you may be asked to: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Identify which choice would best conclude a paragraph 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Identify which choice would best begin a paragraph—i.e., which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence would make an appropriate topic sentence 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Identify what the author’s purpose is: to describe, analyze, explain, etc. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 235 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
:
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Identify which choice would best fit into the overall theme or idea of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a given paragraph 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you may have surmised, figuring out the main idea of the essay or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph in question will often be necessary when answering these types of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. Knowing the main idea will help you determine what’s needed to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complete a paragraph. Determining the main idea is a skill you’re probably 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adept at from tackling the critical reading questions, but if you want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 refresh your skills take a look at the following box. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How to Hone in on the Main Idea: A Review 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you’ve been actively reading, then organizational questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shouldn’t throw you for a loop. These questions will usually take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more time to answer, simply because they encompass more 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information. If a question asks which choice would make the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first or last line of a specific paragraph, look back at the first and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 last sentences, since those may provide a clearer picture of what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that paragraph is about. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look out for answer choices that are partially correct—they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 mention smaller ideas or issues from the passage. There will be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distractor-like choices that may include an aspect of the passage’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 main idea, but just miss the mark a little. So, again, reading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actively while you skim can help keep these diversionary choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out of your line of vision when concentrating on the big picture of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s take a look at a typical organizational question: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (1) The national sport of Korea, tae kwon do is a martial art 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 famous for its flying and spinning kicks. (2) Along with karate and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kung fu, it is one of the most popular martial arts in the world. (3) Tae 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kwon do means “the art of hand and foot fighting.” (4) The name 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comes from three Korean words: tae means “foot or kick;” kwon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means “fist or punch;” and do means “the art or way of life.” (5) The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 martial art involves dramatic kicks, which are often done while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 jumping and spinning. (6) Competitors score points by landing kicks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the body or the head, and students of tae kwon do learn sequences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of fighting moves. (7) Students also learn courtesy, determination, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 self-control, and tae kwon do emphasizes loyalty and respect for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 family, teachers, and elders. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 236 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which sentence would be most appropriate to follow sentence 7? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) Martial arts are becoming more and more popular in the U.S. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) I began studying tae kwon do when I was in the fourth grade. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) In conclusion, everybody should be familiar with at least one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 type of martial art. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) By studying tae kwon do, students learn many skills and values. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) In tae kwon do, the color of the belt shows the person’s rank. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To answer this question, you should first determine what the paragraph is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about. Reading it through once, you can probably assess that the paragraph 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describes the martial art tae kwon do. After reading the question, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should reread sentence 7, and determine that the question is asking you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose the sentence that best concludes the paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Then consider the choices. Choice (A) provides a sentence that is only 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tangentially related to the main idea. It is about martial arts in general, not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tae kwon do specifically. This is an example of a misleading choice, and you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should cross it out. Choice (B) relates to the main idea, but it introduces a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different voice or narrator than what was presented in the paragraph, as it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 uses the first-person I form. Choice (B) also offers information that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 irrelevant to the ideas in the paragraph. Since the shift in voice and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information is not appropriate, you should cross out choice (B). Choice (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 presents a conclusion that would be appropriate to a persuasive paragraph; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however, this paragraph is descriptive. It’s not trying to persuade you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take up martial arts in general. Choice (C) should also be eliminated. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) provides a sentence that does aptly conclude the paragraph, as it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describes the kinds of things students of tae kwon do learn. Checking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E), you can conclude that it adds information but doesn’t provide a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good summary of the ideas in the paragraph. Choice (D) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These types of improving paragraphs questions are the most complex 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple-choice questions you will encounter in the Writing section, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you will only be asked to answer a few organizational questions such as this 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one. Knowing how to identify what the writer is trying to do and what the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage is about will enable you to answer these questions successfully. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 237 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Collective Nouns 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A collective noun is singular in form but names a group of persons or things, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A crowd gathered to watch the paint dry. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Some examples of collective nouns are: group, audience, class, committee, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 family, team, and majority. When the group is acting as a unit, use a singular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verb, as in the sentence above. When the individuals in the group are acting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 separately, use a plural verb, as in: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The class have finished their assignments. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this sentence, the individual members of the class are acting indepen9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dently to finish their assignments. When you see a collective noun 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underlined, double check to determine whether it is acting as a singular or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plural subject. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ambiguous and Vague Pronoun Reference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A pronoun should always refer clearly to its antecedent. Sometimes, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-makers will create erroneous sentences in which the pronoun can refer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to more than one noun, as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When the dog chased the squirrel, it was happy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Who was happy, the dog or the squirrel? The pronoun it has ambiguous 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reference, since the pronoun can refer to either antecedent. When you see a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun underlined, make sure that the pronoun refers clearly to a noun in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test creators may also throw you a sentence in which the pronoun has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no clear antecedent, as in the next sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 On the radio show, they announced the release of Pedro’s new album. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Who does they refer to? We’ll never know, since they does not have an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 antecedent. When you see sentences such as the one above, check to make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure the pronouns have clear antecedents. There’s a good chance you’ll find 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your error there. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Parallel Structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes, you’ll see sentences in which the comparison is grammatically 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 faulty or unparallel, as in the following sentence: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the novel, red flowers require twice as much sun as pink flowers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 238 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This type of error can be particularly challenging to spot, since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparison between the two items is logical. The red flowers can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sensibly compared to the pink flowers. However, Standard Written English 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 requires that you use the same form to compare equal ideas, and in the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence above, the second item is missing a verb and thus does not match 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the form of the first item. To be correct, the sentence should read: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the novel, red flowers require twice as much sun as pink flowers do. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These types of errors test your grasp of parallel structure, which dictates 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that equal ideas are expressed in equal forms. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choosing the Most Concise Choice When 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Combining Clauses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes the test-makers will present you with a sentence in which an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 independent clause needs to be replaced by a subordinate clause. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sounds a bit trickier than it actually is, for as always you will not actually 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to create the solution. You need only choose the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, it is a good idea for you to know what to look for, and since that’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what this book is all about, consider the following example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Wallace wrote his second comic book and he was thirty-seven years 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 old then. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) and he was thirty-seven years old then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) upon reaching the age of thirty-seven years 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) at age thirty-seven years 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) when he was thirty-seven 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) at the time when he was thirty-seven 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you read the sentence, you probably noticed that the coordinating 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conjunction and does not provide the most logical connection between the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two clauses. In addition, the sentence is not punctuated correctly. There 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be a comma preceding the and. So, choice (A) is definitely out. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B) presents a logical alternative, but the resulting sentence is wordy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The ideas can be expressed more succinctly than that. Choice (C) provides 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an awkward and grammatically incorrect solution. People simply do not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 say “at age thirty-seven years” in English. Choice (D), however, is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammatically correct and succinct. Choice (E) is correct but like (B), quite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wordy. Given the choices presented, you should choose the one that is most 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concise and clear. Choose (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 239 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Concise and Precise—Very Nice: How to Write 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an Effective Essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the essay section of the Writing test, you will be asked to take a position 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on an issue and support it with examples from your studies and experience. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The question will be open-ended, so that you can answer it successfully in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many different ways. You will not have to have any prior knowledge about 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a specific topic to write an effective essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The essay portion of the test is designed to assess your ability to express 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas clearly and effectively. You will need to present a clear viewpoint on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topic, backed up by supporting details. The readers will consider your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essay’s content, organization, and grammar. By preparing for other sections 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the test (the multiple-choice questions), you’ve already developed a good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grasp of grammar, usage, and word choice. You also know how to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effectively improve paragraphs. With the essay, you can draw on these skills 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to write your own effective passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The essay will be scored using a holistic approach, meaning that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 readers will consider the essay as a whole and will judge it based on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 overall impression it makes. Errors in punctuation and spelling are of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 minor importance. Even with a few spelling and punctuation errors, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can score high on the essay. Handwriting will also not count 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 against you, although you do need to write legibly so that the readers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can read your essay and score it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s an example of the type of essay question you’ll encounter: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Think carefully about the issue presented in the following 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 excerpt and the assignment below. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “A century ago, the average American had little in the way of real 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 selection. From cornflakes to college, the choices available to most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people were limited. Today Americans have so many choices that we are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 often overwhelmed by too much of a good thing.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Gary Belsky, “A Logical Choice” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assignment: What is your view on the idea that having too many choices to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose from may be a bad thing? Plan and write an essay in which you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 observations. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 240 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that you are asked to respond to an issue of general interest and that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can draw on your knowledge of a specific subject such as literature or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 history or your own experience. The readers will be assessing your ability to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 express yourself, not your expertise in any particular subject. Now let’s look 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at how to successfully write an essay in response to a question like the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one above. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How to Improve Your Writing Skills 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The more you write, the better you will become at writing. Here are a few 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hints for improving your writing skills: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Practice writing on a daily basis. Try keeping a journal in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 notebook or online, and practice writing thoughtful entries on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific topics. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Write about what you read in English and other subjects. Keep a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “response journal” in which you write your opinions about what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ve read. Writing just a paragraph a day will enable you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clarify your thinking about something you’ve studied. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Explore which writing methods work best for you. For example, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 try outlining your essays before you write them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What the Scores Mean 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Each reader will give your essay a score from 1 to 6. Here’s what each of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers indicates: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 Outstanding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 Good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 Adequate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 Limited 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 Flawed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 Unacceptable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should aim to write the best essay you can, but a score of 4 or above is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good. To receive a score of 5 or 6, you will need to show a superior 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 command of grammar, usage, and word choice, as well as effective 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 development and logical organization of your ideas. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 241 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Steps to Writing an Effective Essay 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You may be wondering how long the essay should be. Content is, of course, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more important than length. You should never write extra sentences just to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make your essay appear longer. However, the ideal length of your essay is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three to five paragraphs. Each of those paragraphs should consist of at least 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three sentences, which develop the main ideas of those paragraphs. The first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph, as you may have guessed, should state the main idea of your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essay, your point of view on the given topic. The middle one to three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraphs should provide supporting examples to the main idea and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 develop the idea further. The concluding paragraph should sum up your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 main points and give the essay a sense of completion. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The test-makers and readers know that you will be writing under time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pressure, so they do not expect you to churn out a perfectly polished, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ingenious piece of writing on the spot. What they’re looking for is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effective expression of a viewpoint backed up by details. The test-makers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will give you enough time to plan the essay before you write it—in fact the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 word plan is in the directions. So, let’s look at this first step. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 1: Plan Your Essay. Before you begin actually writing the essay, take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a few minutes to plan what you will write. Writing down notes or an outline 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will make the task of writing the essay much easier. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first thing you should do is decide what your point of view is on the given 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topic. With the question above, you would need to figure out if you agree or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disagree with the statement: Can having too many choices be a bad thing? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Next, you will need to choose how to support your argument. Since you’ll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be able to draw supporting examples from any of your studies or your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 experience, you should choose the area in which you feel you know the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most. For example, if you’ve just read William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the details of the play are fresh in your mind, you will probably want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discuss the play in the essay. However, if you’re particularly knowledgeable 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about how candidates get elected to the Presidency of the United States, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will want to take your examples from this area. Remember, you can also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always draw on your personal experiences to support your argument. It 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t matter what you write about, as long as you can develop an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 argument using those examples. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In planning your essay, you may want to first brainstorm as many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supporting ideas an examples as you can, jotting them down on a piece of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scrap paper. Write down your topic statement, and then list every idea about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the subject that comes to you. For the question above, your brainstorming 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 notes might look like this: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 242 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yes, having too many choices can be a bad thing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 we have more choices now than ever before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 — hundreds of TV channels to choose from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —unlimited job choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 — varieties of jeans 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 waste time deciding among different choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —choosing cereal at the store 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —choosing what kinds of jeans to wear 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —even making bigger decisions like buying cars or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deciding what college to go to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 having more choices, doesnÓt necessarily mean better choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prefer quality over quantity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 feeling overwhelmed by too many choices—where to shop? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 once at the shop, what kind of jeans to get 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After brainstorming your ideas, you can decide which ideas and details you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to include in your essay, perhaps circling the ones that stand out to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you. Then, think about how to organize those ideas into the paragraphs that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will make up your essay. You may want to quickly write an outline such as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the one that follows: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Yes, too many choices can be bad. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —we have more choices than ever before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 — but we waste time choosing among too many choices 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —having so many choices can lead to misery 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Waste time choosing among too many choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —example: trying to buy jeans 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 — which store to go to? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —which types of jeans—low-riders, boot-cut, straight 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leg, flare, faded, dark, pre-washed? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Having too many choices can lead to misery 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —I ended up buying nothing, after having wasted four 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hours trying to find the perfect pair. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 — having more choices doesnÕt mean better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 —illusion of having choices creates pressure on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decision maker 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 243 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you outline, you should be thinking about how to organize your ideas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 into at least three paragraphs: the topic paragraph, a supporting paragraph, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and a concluding paragraph. Add any details that occur to you to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 outline and feel free to move your ideas around using arrows or whatever 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 method works for you. After outlining your ideas, you’ll be prepared to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 write the essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 2: Write the Essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With your notes and outline in hand, you should start writing the topic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. This paragraph should state your opinion and give the main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reasons why you have that viewpoint. As you write your essay, don’t obsess 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about punctuation and word choice. You should have time to go back and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revise your essay: and matters again are less important than the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 development of your ideas. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the question above, a topic paragraph might look like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Having too many choices can indeed be a bad thing. Today, we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have more choices than ever before. A typical consumer can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose among 10 different kinds of paper towels, dozens of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different cars, and hundreds of TV channels. However, having so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many choices can ultimately just be a waste of precious time. A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 larger array of choices doesnÕt necessarily translate into better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices, and having to choose among many choices can make a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 person feel pressured to make perfect choices all the time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With your introductory paragraph, you should include a topic sentence that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 clearly states your viewpoint, as in the first sentence above. The topic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence doesn’t necessarily have to come first in the paragraph, but it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should appear somewhere. The other sentences should support the main 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 idea by giving details or fleshing out the topic sentence. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can support a main idea with different kinds of details including: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Facts and statistics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sensory details appealing to the sense of touch, sight, smell, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 taste, or hearing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Examples 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Anecdotes or brief stories 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 244 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After writing the introductory paragraph, write one to three body 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraphs that extend or expand upon the ideas set forth in the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. You may use the supporting sentences from the first paragraph 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to start these body paragraphs. In the body of the essay, you should draw on 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your knowledge of a particular area or your experience to support your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 viewpoint. Here’s an example of a good supporting paragraph: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I recently had the experience of facing too many choices as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consumer. I wanted to buy a new pair of jeans, but when I went to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the store to find a pair, I was confronted with dozens of choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 covering three walls of the store. There were boot-cut jeans, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straight leg, and flared bottom. There were low-riders, high9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 waisted, and boy-cut pants. The textures of fabric offered still 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more choices: prewashed, dark blue, light blue, faded, even 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something called distressed. Faced with so many choices, I 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 randomly picked a few pairs and tried them on, yet none of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pairs I tried on seemed to fit me well. I left the store 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 empty-handed except for an increased sense of frustration. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this case, having more choices did not deliver a satisfactory 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 outcome. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Supporting paragraphs should contain lots of details to support your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 argument. Each paragraph should also contain a topic sentence summariz9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing the main idea of the paragraph. In this body paragraph, the topic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence is the last one. All the details in the paragraph should support the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph’s main idea, just as each of the body paragraphs should support 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the main idea of your essay. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 After fleshing out your ideas in the body paragraphs, you should sum up your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas in the concluding paragraph. The concluding paragraph should give 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your essay a sense of completeness. Here are some ways to conclude an essay: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ways to Conclude an Essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Restate the main idea in different words. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Summarize your major points. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. End with a final idea or example. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. End with a comment on the topic, such as a personal observation 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or a statement that points to larger related issues. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Ask the reader to take action or make a statement to persuade 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them to do something. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 245 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the concluding paragraph for the assignment above: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Having many choices can, in fact, lead to the opposite of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 satisfaction. When I left the store without any jeans, I felt not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only frustrated but incompetent. Surely with so many choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 available to me, I should have been able to find the perfect pair 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of jeans. Having an abundance of choices can make people feel 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pressured to make perfect choices all the time. However, that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simply was not the case in this situation, nor is it the case in many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 situations. What people need are good choices, not multitudes of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mediocre ones that create more misery. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the concluding paragraph, you should drive your points home by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 restating what you’ve argued in a clear and forceful manner. Summarizing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your points and taking them one step further is a good way to conclude 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your essay. After finishing a draft, you should also take the time to review 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your essay to make it as clear and precise as it can be. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 3: Proofreading Your Essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Take a few minutes to review what you’ve written. Keeping in mind the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rules of grammar that you’ve learned, look for grammatical mistakes or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 errors in spelling or punctuation and correct them. You may also want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replace some phrases with more forceful or concise wording. Proofreading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is your opportunity to make the essay as effective as it can be, so don’t be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 afraid to (neatly) cross out words and replace them with better ones. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pacing on the Essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assuming that you have 25 minutes for your essay, you should break 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down this time in the following manner: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 1, Planning —about 5 minutes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 2, Writing—roughly 15 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Step 3, Proofreading—about 5 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 246 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A Few Final Words about Your Essay 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You have all the skills you need to write a persuasive essay. Here are a few 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 final things to keep in mind while writing and proofreading your essay: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Be as concise as possible. Remember that avoiding wordiness is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always a good thing in writing—yours or someone else’s. When 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proofreading your essay, look for ways to say what you’ve said in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the shortest, most elegant way possible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Eliminate sentences or phrases that are redundant. Don’t include 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extra sentences just to make your essay appear longer. Chances are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that that strategy won’t fool your readers, and you want to make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sure that every sentence adds something to your essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Make sure that the voice you use is consistent. It’s fine to use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first-person I as in the paragraphs above, but make sure that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whatever voice you use is used throughout the essay. In other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words, if you start out using I or one, don’t switch to you half-way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through the essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Avoid using slang/use proper diction. To be on the safe side, avoid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 using slang or casual word choice. It’s possible that you will get a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reader who finds the use of slang charming, but chances are that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you won’t. When you proofread your essay, check to make sure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that your word choices are good. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Check for grammatical errors. Using your knowledge of grammar, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usage, and word choice, you can proofread your essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Colleges will be able to view and print your essay only if you send 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those colleges your test scores. Different colleges will use your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writing score in different ways. Colleges may consider your score in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 admissions decisions or for placement in English Composition 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 courses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 247 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Take It to the Next Level 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Scoring Rubric for the SAT Essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT essay is scored from 1 to 6 with 6 being the highest score. Two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 readers will assess your essay and the scores will be combined, so your final 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score will range somewhere between 2 and 12. If the scores from the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 readers differ by more than one point, a third scorer will read the essay. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two closest scores will then be used. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All the scorers read the essays against the same rubric developed by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 College Board and the Educational Testing Service, which administers the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT. This rubric guides the scorers in considering overall impression, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 development, organization, diction, sentence structure, grammar, usage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and mechanics. The score guidelines are similar to the following: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 6 (Outstanding) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Overall impression: develops a point of view with clarity and insight; uses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 excellent critical thinking in presenting the viewpoint; uses appropriate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supporting examples, reasoning, and details 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Organization: is well organized with a clear focus; coherent; clear and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 orderly progression of ideas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Diction: uses appropriate, varied, and accurate vocabulary for interest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and clarity 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence structure: varies sentence structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Grammar, usage, mechanics: is almost free of grammar, usage, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mechanics errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 248
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 5 (Effective) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Overall impression: develops viewpoint effectively; uses strong critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thinking in presenting viewpoint; most examples, reasons, and details are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appropriate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Organization: is well organized and focused; coherent; progression of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas present 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Diction: demonstrates skill in the use of appropriate language 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence structure: varies sentence structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Grammar, usage, mechanics: is mostly free of grammar, usage, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mechanics errors 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 4 (Competent) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Overall impression: develops viewpoint; shows competent critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thinking; provides adequate support through the use of examples, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reasons, and details 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Organization: is mostly organized and focused; coherent for the most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 part; has some clear progression of ideas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Diction: is inconsistent in the use of appropriate vocabulary; is generally 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adequate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence structure: uses some varied sentence structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Grammar, usage, mechanics: makes some grammar, usage, and mechan9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ics errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 3 (Inadequate) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Overall impression: develops a point of view; shows some use of critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thinking; may be inconsistent in reasoning; may provide insufficient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Organization: shows limited organization or some lack of focus; some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lack of coherence or progression of ideas 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Diction: shows some facility in language use; uses weak or inappropriate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence structure: uses little sentence variety; may have problems in use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of sentence structures 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Grammar, usage, mechanics: shows a number of grammar, usage, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mechanics errors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 249 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 2 (Limited) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Overall impression: develops a vague or limited viewpoint; weak critical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thinking; uses inappropriate supporting evidence or too few examples to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make the points 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Organization: poor or unfocused; serious weaknesses in coherence or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 progression of ideas 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Diction: shows little facility with language; limited word choice; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inappropriate vocabulary 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence structure: has numerous errors in sentence structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Grammar, usage, mechanics: has numerous errors in grammar, usage, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and mechanics; interfere with meaning 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay Scoring 1 (Fundamentally Flawed) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Overall impression: has no point of view on the issue or offers little or no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 support for the point of view 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Organization: lacks organization or focus; incoherent; no progression 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of ideas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Diction: has basic errors in the use of vocabulary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Sentence structure: has serious problems with sentence structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Grammar, usage, mechanics: has numerous errors in grammar, usage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and mechanics interfering with meaning 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Note that a score of 0 will be given if an essay is not based on the writing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prompt. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Read the rubric several times. As you practice writing essays for the SAT, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 keep this rubric in mind. When you write each essay, try to focus on one or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two qualities of good writing as measured by the rubric. After you have 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 finished writing your essay, come back to the rubric and see how your essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measures up. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 250 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the following tables to help you. Give yourself anywhere from 1 to 6 points for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 each quality of good writing. Then divide the total by 5 to get your score. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Practice Test 1 Practice Test 2 Practice Test 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Overall Overall Overall 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impression impression impression 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Organization Organization Organization 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Diction Diction Diction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Grammar, usage, Grammar, usage, Grammar, usage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mechanics mechanics mechanics 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Total points: Total points: Total points: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Divide by 5 final Divide by 5 final Divide by 5 final 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score: score: score: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Practicing Your Essay Skills 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Use the following two essays as practice and as a guide to writing an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 effective essay. First, read the writing prompt and then write an essay to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer it. Simulate the actual test and give yourself 25 minutes to read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question, plan, and write your essay. Then read the two sample responses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for each essay and the critique of each. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 251 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay 1A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assign9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment that follows it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Topic: Were the good old days actually all that good? We must remember 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that people living in the nineteenth century did not have all the modern 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conveniences that make our lives easier. There were no airplanes or cars, no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 washing machines, no television, and no computers. Therefore, it is better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to live today, in the modern world, than it was to live in the days of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 horse-drawn carriages. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assignment: What is your opinion of the idea that it is better to live today 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than it was to live in the nineteenth century? Plan and write an essay that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 develops your ideas logically. Support your opinion with specific evidence 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 taken from your personal experience, your observations of others, or your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reading. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 252 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Answers and Explanations 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sample Essay 1A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I prefer to be living today rather than when my grandparents were born in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the last century or before that even. Today young people can really enjoy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 themselves they have TV and movies and all sorts of entertainment. Not like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 long ago when all you did all day was work and then at night you were to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tired to do anything accept sleep. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Today we have greater opportunities to do things and to get ahead. There is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 less prejudism against people because of there race or color or religion. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can go to more kinds of colleges like a two year school or a four year school 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and there are even many programs to help you if you are financially unable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to pay the tuition costs and payments. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I don’t believe that the good old days were really that good. I’m very happy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be living today in today world. These are the good days. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Analysis of Sample Essay 1A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. There is a sense of organization. The essay is divided into three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraphsan introduction, a development, and a conclusion. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The author attempts to stick to the topic and provide examples. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Although there are technical errors in the third paragraph, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conclusion provides an interesting summary. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. There are some problems with sentence structure but the writer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attempts to vary sentences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. There are serious errors with grammar, usage, and punctuation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 253 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Suggestions for Improvement 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The essay lacks clarity and is wordy. The opening sentence could have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 been concluded after “born.” In the second paragraph, the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence is vague; “to do things” and “to get ahead” should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explained and clarified. The third sentence of the second paragraph 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 needs to be tightened: “There are two- and four-year colleges with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 various programs to assist those in financial need.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. There are sentence structure problems. The second sentence of the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph is a run-on sentence. A period should follow “themselves.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sentence that follows is a fragment. “Not like long ago” could be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 changed to add clarity and also to provide a subject for the sentence: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “This is different from times past when all people did. . . .” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. There are several errors in word choice. In the last sentence of the first 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph, to tired should be changed to too tired, and accept should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be except. In the second sentence of the second paragraph, prejudism 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be prejudice and there should be their. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. There is an error in the use of the possessive form. In the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence of the third paragraph, today world should be today’s world. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. The ideas could have been better developed had the writer used one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph for each idea that he or she introduced in paragraph 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 254 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sample Essay 1B 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Someone once said that for everything you gain you have to give up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something. I agree. We gained the subway, but we have to put up with being 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 crowded like sardines and herded like cattle, being pushed and shoved. We 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gained large buildings and big cities, but we lost our privacy and we are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forced to live in little cubby holes. We gained airplanes and automobiles and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with it comes all the dirty air and pollution. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 People in the nineteenth century worked hard and didn’t have time to relax 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but maybe they got real pleasure from their work. At least they ate the food 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that they grew and weren’t concerned about all the chemicals and sprays 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and sickness that came from the fruit and vegetables. Maybe they developed 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a real feeling of accomplishment too. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 They didn’t have TV or radios but they had good neighbors and they would 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enjoy visiting with friends and family. We gained television but we lost the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ability to have a good conversation and to enjoy the company of other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every century has its good points and its problems. I don’t want to go back 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to living in the 1800s but I do feel that we could learn from the way they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lived. Maybe we could adopt some of their customs and bring some of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good old days into today’s world. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 255 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Analysis of Sample Essay 1B 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. There is an excellent four-paragraph organization. The introduction is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fully developed with several pertinent illustrations. The body provides 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 several additional points that support the writer’s contention. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conclusion is a thought-provoking summary of the essay. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The use of contrast between past and present provides a fine frame for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the essay. The theme of “gain and loss” is carried through with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appropriate illustrations and a mature vocabulary. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. There are no errors in sentence structure. The writer uses both simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and complex sentences effectively. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. There is a consistent comma error, but no other mechanics errors. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Suggestions for Improvements 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The second sentence of the opening paragraph seems ineffective in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context of so many mature comments. It could be rewritten: “This is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 especially true in comparing our world with the world of our 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grandparents.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. There is a problem with pronouns and antecedents; this results in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lack of clarity. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the singular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pronoun “it” is incorrect since it does not agree with the plural 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “airplanes and automobiles.” It would be better to write: “We gained 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 airplanes and automobiles, but with modern means of travel we must 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suffer dirty air and pollution.” So too, the second sentence of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concluding paragraph could be rewritten to clarify the pronoun, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “they”: “. . . but I do feel that we could learn from the way our 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grandparents lived.” This change clarifies the use of the pronoun 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “their” in the subsequent sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 256 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Essay 2A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assign9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment that follows it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Topic: Our government is spending millions of dollars in the area of space 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exploration. This expenditure represents a misdirection of funds. It would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be far better to use these funds to improve our own society and to upgrade 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 our living conditions. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Assignment: What is your opinion of the idea that government funds should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not be spent on space exploration but used for domestic purposes? Plan and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 write an essay that develops your ideas logically. Support your opinion with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific evidence taken from your personal experience, your observations of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 others, or your reading. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 257 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Answers and Explanations 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sample Essay 2A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I can see the point of those who say that “this expenditure represents a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 misdirecting of funds.” However, I feel it is necessary for humans to explore 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the stars and outer space in order to acquire more knowledge of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 universe. Humans have always tried to learn more, even when it gets them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in trouble. Wouldn’t it be terrible if we bother some aliens and get destroyed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by strange creatures who don’t want us bothering them? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Anyhow, it is still important to send up rockets and space capsules to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explore. The pictures we got to see and rock samples that come back are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also fascinating. Someday maybe people will travel to far off countries and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 set up new civilizations. This would be a good chance to eliminate some of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the overcrowded life on earth. We could also learn alot about what kind of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gas or air, or surface other places have. This might help us back on earth 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 too. The space program is also good for people’s egos. It also may take their 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 minds off of problems in our own world, which is not so bad. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 We are spending far too much money on space travel and space exploration. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As the question points out it would be far better to use these funds to help 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 improve our own society and better our living conditions here on earth. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 258 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Analysis of Sample Essay 2A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. There are several weaknesses in the essay. First, the writer does not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 take a clear stand. Does this student support or reject the thesis that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 space travel is of value and should be funded by the government? The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first paragraph presents both views. The second paragraph basically 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 supports the need for space exploration. The third paragraph, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concluding one, rejects this view, pointing out that too much money is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 needlessly spent on “space travel and space exploration.” The essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tends to be confusing and disorganized. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The essay also contains many weaknesses in technical English. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Problems in spelling and diction appear throughout (humans instead 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of human beings in the third sentence of the first paragraph; alot 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 instead of a lot in the fifth sentence of the second paragraph; off of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 instead of off in the eighth sentence of the second paragraph). There 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are several awkward and ill-phrased sentences. In the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph, the first sentence ends with the infinitive “to explore,” but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 lacks an object of the infinitive. The second sentence of the second 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph has a poorly ended verb clause. A better sentence would be, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “The pictures and rock samples that came back to use . . . .” The word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good is used three times in the second paragraph and should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replaced by more specific words, such as valuable or important. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The writer appears to understand the basic elements of essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organization, and the essay contains an introduction referring to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question, a development of supporting details, and a summarizing 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conclusion. Unfortunately, the lack of coherence strongly detracts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the value of the piece. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 259 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sample Essay 2B 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In our own country we have so many people who are unemployed and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 without jobs. Their families are without proper shelter and often don’t have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the money to buy the necessary food and clothing. If we took a portion of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this money and provided employment for the jobless and homes for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 homeless we would be doing our citizens a service. We could also use this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 money to develop research in medicine and find the cures for fatal diseases 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like cancer and HIV. Then we would be using our money correctly. What 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good is it to read about a flight to the moon when you are hungry or out of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I know that many people say that we have to be first in everything. That our 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 national pride demands it. If we spend millions of dollars, we should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proud of the achievements of our scientists. Also we learn so many things 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about our vast universe and the world in which we live in. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Does this make good sense. I think that Charity begins at home. Lets not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 worry about what’s happening on the moon. Let’s be more concerned about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what’s happening here on the earth. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 260 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section—Where Grammar Rules Rule
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Analysis of Sample Essay 2B 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The writer has a point of view that is clear and consistent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Paragraph 1 provides excellent examples to support what is evidently 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the writer’s position: that the money for space exploration should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used on earth to help society. (See under “Suggestions for Improve9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment” for the major flaw in this paragraph.) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The conclusion provides a summary and reinforces the writer’s point 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of view. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Suggestions for Improvement 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The author of this essay appears to have begun the essay in the middle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is no introductory paragraph stating the issue or the writer’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 position. In the middle of the first paragraph the writer refers to “this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 money,” but the reader doesn’t know what “this money” is. While you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t need to restate the question word for word, you do need to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 include it in your introduction to provide the reader with a frame of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reference. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Unfortunately, the many errors in punctuation, grammar, and usage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seriously reduce the effectiveness of the essay and would doubtless 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lower the grade considerably. The writer should try to eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 redundancies such as “unemployed and without jobs.” End-stop 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 punctuation is weak. The author uses periods instead of question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 marks to conclude the interrogative sentence in the last sentence of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first paragraph and the first sentence of the concluding paragraph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is no reason to capitalize “Charity” (in the second sentence of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the third paragraph), and although “Let’s” is spelled correctly in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fourth sentence of the third paragraph, the necessary apostrophe is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 omitted in the same word in the preceding sentence. A careful 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proofreading of the essay might have helped the writer to locate and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct many of these errors. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 261 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 More Practice Essays 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For more practice, use the following quotations as writing prompts. Don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forget to: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Set a timer for 25 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Read each prompt 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Decide whether you agree or disagree with it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Then plan and write an essay within the 25 minutes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Score it against the rubric on pages 248–251, use the free essay scorer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on your CD, or use Peterson’s satessayedge service (www.petersons. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 com/satessayedge). For more information, see the ad at the back of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this book. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. “Life is not a spectacle or a feast; it is a predicament.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. “There is only one thing age can give you, and that is wisdom” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. “Not to know is bad; not to wish to know is worse.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Public employees should not have the right to strike. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Every young American should serve the nation, either in the armed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 forces or in community service. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 And now for a final congratulations! You’re well prepared to tackle all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sections of the Writing test! Put down your grammar book and pick up your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculator. Mathematics is next. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 262 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter
7 Math Section— Enough Said 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If f(Chapter) = A Bunch of Numbers, Then This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Is the Math Section 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first thing we need to do is clear away a few misconceptions. Just as the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT is not a measure of your intelligence, the SAT Math section is not an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indication of your IQ, or even your math IQ. In fact, your performance on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT Math section is not even a precise indicator of your general math 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 abilities. Some students who are not math whizzes in high school math 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 classes ace the SAT Math section, and some students who have a 4.0 in high 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 school math do not score as well as they would like on it. It’s certainly true 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that being a good math student helps, but being a good math student and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scoring well on the SAT Math section are not the same thing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Scoring well on the SAT Math section means you are good at SAT Math, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nothing more, nothing less. And being good at SAT Math is only important 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because many colleges like to use the SAT as part of their admissions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 criteria. Where you want to go to college plays a big part in determining 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how important the SAT Math section is for you. If you are planning on 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 applying to engineering schools, for instance, a high math score may be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more important than if you want to study English at a liberal arts college. In 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either case, colleges and universities do weigh the total score, so you should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 try your best on all three sections. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The New SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are two basic changes to the Math section on the new SAT. The first is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that one of the three question types is going the way of the dinosaurs. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 old Math section included multiple choice, student-produced responses, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and quantitative comparisons. The new Math section will only include 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple choice and student-produced responses. For many reasons, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 263
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT test-makers decided to get rid of Quantitative Comparisons, so you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t have to worry about them. (Unless, of course, you love the SAT so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much you want to know what it used to be like.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pacing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Spend about a minute on every question on the first pass. If you aren’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 getting anywhere in that time, move on and hit that problem again on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your second pass. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second change in the Math section is more important: more math 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concepts are being tested on the new test. On the old SAT you had to know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a little algebra, a little geometry, and some basic number properties. On the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new SAT you will need to know all the things from the old SAT plus some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more advanced geometry, a little algebra II, and a new grab bag of math 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concepts just to keep things interesting. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 On the whole, the new expanded topics are more complex and sophisticated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than the old basic set of required knowledge. Don’t run screaming into the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hills yet, though. Just because the number of topics is expanding and the com9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plexity of the topics is increasing does not mean that the Math section is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 actually going to be harder. Remember, the average score still has to be 500. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The problems on the Math section get harder as the section progresses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Awareness of this order of difficulty is very important on the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple-choice Math sections. On the second problem in a section, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers that are easy to find are probably right, since that question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appears early and, as such, is an easy question. Throughout this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section, sample questions will be based on a hypothetical 21-question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Math section. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Solving difficult problems on the old test involved knowledge of simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 math concepts, multiple steps, and a good dash of cleverness. These 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 convoluted, multi-step problems were no walk in the park. (Ask someone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 older about how easy the old Math section was.) The new Math section will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 still have some difficult questions that involve the simpler concepts, but it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will also use the more sophisticated expanded topics to make questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 harder. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The good news is that the problems involving knowledge of the harder 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topics won’t demand clever techniques to solve as well. Basically, the old 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test made questions harder by expecting you to do ingenious things with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 264 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simple concepts. The new test will make things harder by expecting you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do straightforward things with harder concepts. Therefore, if you grasp the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more sophisticated topics, then you should be in good shape to do really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 well on the new SAT. If some of the more sophisticated topics elude you, you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can still do well by mastering the basic materials. The bulk of this chapter is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 devoted to making sure you have a good grounding in both of these arenas, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the old topics and the new. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your Gear 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are two aids for test day: your calculator and the formula chart. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bring your calculator and the SAT provides the formula chart. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A Calculator Is Only as Accurate as the Fingers 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Punching the Buttons 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT would be a breeze if all the problems were just computation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems like 5235 4 2.6. You could just punch the numbers into your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculator and let it spit out the right answer. Of course, there won’t be any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems that easy on the SAT. You will be expected to do a few steps of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 math reasoning before you get to the step where you pull out your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculator. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 PEMDAS problems are the closest thing you will see to a straight 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 computation problem. PEMDAS is an easy to way to remember a confusing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 math idea. It means: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (Parentheses Exponents) (Multiplication Division) (Addition Subtraction) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That is the order in which you do math operations when a problem requires 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you to perform multiple math operations. First, simplify what is inside 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parentheses. Next, simplify all the exponents. After that do the multiplica9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion and division, then finally any addition and subtraction. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here is an example of a problem where applying PEMDAS correctly is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essential. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~3 1 4! @~2!~5 2 2!# 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Parentheses first: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 1 4 2 5 2 2 5 7 2 3 ~ ! ~ !~ ! ~ ! ~ !~ ! @ # @ # 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Then exponents: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 2 3 5 49 2 3 ~ ! ~ !~ ! ~ !~ ! @ # @ # 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 265 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Finally, multiplication: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 49@~2!~3!# 5 ~49!~6! 5 294 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you didn’t follow PEMDAS and did exponents before parentheses, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would have ended up with a different, wrong answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 ~3 1 4 !@~2!~5 2 2!# 5 ~9 1 16!@~2!~3!# 5 25@~2!~3!# 5 150 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For harder problems, the key will be to set up and manipulate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations properly. Once that’s done, you can use your calculator. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In solving all problems, it is a good idea to write your work out. First, it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes things a lot less complicated because you don’t have to do a bajillion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 steps in your head at once. And this, of course, will make it less likely that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you will make a careless mistake. Second, if you write your work out, it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easier to catch a mistake. For instance, if the answer you came up with is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one of the answer choices, you can review your written work to catch any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 careless errors. But if you did all the work in your head, you won’t have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 CAT scans to review your brain waves and catch your misstep. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are three kinds of calculators you can use on the new SAT: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A four-function calculator —adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A scientific calculator—performs radicals, exponents, etc. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • A graphing calculator—displays graphs on screen. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You CANNOT use a calculator that prints out calculations, has a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 typewriter keypad, or makes any noises. As you might expect, you also can’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bring a laptop or anything that needs to be plugged into the wall. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The best idea is to use a calculator you are comfortable working with. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t want to eat up precious test-taking time by looking for the = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 symbol. You might think that a snazzier graphing calculator will help you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more than a simple four-function one, but the SAT just isn’t designed to give 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an advantage to anyone with a fancy calculator. You can actually solve all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the problems on the SAT without a calculator. Calculators just make getting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer a little faster and easier. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 266 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What’s the Volume of a Cylinder Again? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 At the beginning of every Math section there is a set of formulas that show 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you how to determine the area of a circle or the volume of a cube. These 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formulas are the ones that the SAT tests the most, so it is nice to have them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 handy at the front of each section. This chapter will go over all these formu9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 las. You will save time on the test if you commit them to memory. This way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll avoid flipping back to the front of the section for every other problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, if on test day you’re not entirely confident about the side relation9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ships of a 30-60-90 triangle, it’s nice to know that you can look this up. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might take all three Math sections and never once use either the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formulas at the front of the section or your calculator. That’s fine. Realize, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 though, that you have these two tools at your disposal. Experiment with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them, and when you take the sample Math sections in the back of this book, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 try to use them whenever possible. The more techniques, tools, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strategies you have, the better your chances are of finding a way to answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the math questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 About Those Math Questions . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As stated earlier, the new Math section will contain two question types: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiple choice and student-produced response. You are probably very 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 familiar with the multiple-choice format by now, so there is no need to go 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 over it. Student-produced response, on the other hand, might sound a little 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vague and unclear. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The reality is very simple. Student-produced response just means you give the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer, instead of picking it from a list of multiple-choice answers. Undoubt9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 edly, you have taken math tests in school where you had to produce the answer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself. Most likely, you wrote your answer down on a sheet of paper. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The “sheet of paper” route won’t work on the SAT. Instead, student9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 produced responses are placed on a grid-in answer sheet. If you’ve never 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 done this before, some explanation of proper gridding-in is required. It’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better to learn it now than on test day. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The bulk of the problems on the Math section will be multiple choice, not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 student-produced response. This is good news, since guessing a right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer for a student-produced response is practically impossible, while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your chances are much better on a multiple-choice problem. Review the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “one question-one solution” discussion in chapter 2 to see why multiple9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice problems are preferable to student-produced responses. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 267 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here is what you will see on the answer sheet on the student-produced 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 responses: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here is how you would grid in , 3.4, and 409. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 0 9 4 0 9 3 . 4 5 / 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O Þ O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O O Þ O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Þ O O O Þ O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Þ Þ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O Þ O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Þ O O O O Þ O O O O O Þ O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O Þ O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O Þ O O O O Þ O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Points About Grid-Ins 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Only mark one oval in each column. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The answer sheets are machine scored, so only answers with correctly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 marked ovals will receive credit. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. It’s a good idea to write your answer in the boxes above the grid to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 help you fill in the ovals accurately. This is not a requirement, but a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 helpful practice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. There might be more than one answer to a grid-in problem. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 notice this in solving a problem, don’t fret about which one to put 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down. Just put down one of the correct answers because all correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers are acceptable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. There’s no way to record a negative number. Therefore, no correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer will be negative. If you get a negative answer, go back to the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drawing board. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 268 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 /
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Mixed numbers like 3 must be recorded as either an improper 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fraction, , or as a decimal, 3.25. Either the fraction or the decimal is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acceptable, but 3 is not. Since gridding in mixed numbers is a bit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tricky, you can expect at least one mixed number answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. If you get a decimal answer with a lot of digits, fill in the most accurate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value the grid will allow. For example, if you get the answer 0.34567, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 record the answer as .345 or .346. If you don’t fill in as many spaces as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possible, for instance by answering .34 or .35, your answer will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrong. (Notice on these examples that both the rounded and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 truncated responses are acceptable.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. Responses involving either fractions or decimals can be gridded in as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 either. For example, either of the following is an acceptable way to grid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in 0.5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1 / 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 . 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O Þ O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O Þ O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O Þ O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O Þ O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O Þ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That is a lot to take in at one time. But once you work through the examples 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the text and take the practice tests, you should be comfortable with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 student-produced response questions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Numbers, Variables, Circles, and all that Other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Math Stuff 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT places all math questions into one of the following four 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 categories: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Numbers and Operations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Algebra and Functions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Geometry and Measurement 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 269 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 /
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are different ways to describe general math categories, but since these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are the four categories the College Board uses, these are the four areas this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 book will use. The rest of this chapter will cover the basic and the Take it to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Next Level topics in each category to help you answer SAT math 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Numbers and Operations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT arithmetic is all about how numbers work. The fancy phrase for this is, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “number properties.” There are a lot of detailed number properties that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT likes to test, finer points like, “Is 1 a prime number?” If you don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know this answer definitively, read on. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Math Speak 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Math folks like math words because they have precise definitions. The SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test writers like math words because they like to test if you understand those 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 precise definitions. Fortunately, a precise definition is not necessarily a hard 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definition. In fact, almost all the math words on the SAT have pretty simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definitions. It is just a matter of knowing them well enough to be able to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work problems with them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Common Math Speak Terms 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Integer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Integers are like the numbers that you count with, such as 1, 14, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 28, but also include 0 and negatives of the counting numbers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Consecutive integers are integers that follow in sequence, like 19, 20, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 21 or 22, 21, 0, 1. If you want to get math fancy, and sometimes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT expects you to, you can represent consecutive integers like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this, n, n 1 1, n 1 2, and so on. If you plug in any integer for n, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will generate a sequence of consecutive integers. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Odd and Even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Odd numbers cannot be evenly divided by 2 while even numbers can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be evenly divided by 2. 29, 5, and 13 are examples of odd numbers, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 218, 4, and 102 are examples of even numbers. Tuck it away in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your brain that zero is an even number, since 0 4 2 5 0. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 270 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Working with Evens and Odds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Addition 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even 1 even 1 even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even 1 odd 5 odd 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 odd 1 odd 5 even 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Multiplication 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even 3 even 5 even 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even 3 odd 5 even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 odd 3 odd 5 odd 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you ever forget one of these rules you can always just plug in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers to remind yourself. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Prime Numbers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These are numbers divisible only by themselves and 1. Here’s the list: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, and so on. Notice that 1 is not a prime 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number and 2 is the only even prime number. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Digits 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 are all the digits. Distinct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 digits are two digits that are not the same. 7 and 4 are distinct digits, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but 6 and 6 are NOT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. Quotient 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is the end result after you divide two numbers. 4 is the quotient of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 4 3. Not every two numbers divide evenly, which is why you might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have a . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. Remainder 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is what is left over when a number is not divisible by another 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number. When you divide 5 by 2, you get: 5 4 2 5 2 remainder 1. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. Product 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The end result after you multiply two numbers together. 10 is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 product of 2 3 5. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. Factor 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Factors are whole numbers that multiply to give another whole 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number. Since 2 times 6 equals 12, 2 and 6 are factors of 12. (3 and 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are also factors of 12.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 271 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. Multiple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You start with a number, and then begin to multiply it by positive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whole numbers. All these products (a previous term) are multiples of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the original number. For example, 5, 10, 15, 20 are the first few 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiples of 5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now that all these terms are swirling around in your skull, here’s an SAT 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem heavy on the Math Speak: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. What is the difference between the number of positive integer factors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of 12 and the number of positive integer factors of 8? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 0 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a problem like this, the difficulty is figuring out what is being asked. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “Difference” means you are subtracting two things, but what exactly are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you subtracting? To figure this out, you need to discover the number of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 positive integer factors of 12 and the number of positive integer factors of 8. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Then you can subtract these two numbers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How many positive integer factors of 12 are there? The factors are: 1 3 12, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 3 6 , 3 3 4, which adds up to 6. How about for 8? 1 3 8, 2 3 4. This adds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up to 4. The difference between 6 and 4 is 2, choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you sort through the vocabulary, the problem becomes so simple you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could ask a preschooler for the answer to 6 minus 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 2 D 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If in the above addition problem D and E are distinct digits, how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many possible values of D are there? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) Zero 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Four 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Five 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) Nine 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 272 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Unpack the math terminology first. D and E are distinct digits, which means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that they are 0 through 9 and do not equal each other. Now look at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 addition problem. In the ones column, D 1 D could equal E or 1E. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D 1 D 5 E, because there is not a one carried over to the tens column. You 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know this because the tens column equals three and not four. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 From D 1 D 5 E you can also see that E must be an even digit because two 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equal digits cannot add up to an odd number. This means E could be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8, 6, 4, 2, which means D could be 4, 3, 2, 1. D can’t be zero because if it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were D and E wouldn’t be distinct. The answer is four, choice (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The last two problems were in the easy-medium range of difficulty. To see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how math terms show up on harder problems, take a look at the following 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem. This problem is typical of the way the old SAT used to make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems tough, and chances are good you will still encounter one or two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard math problems similar to this one. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a c e 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 ... 21. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b d f 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the above series is filled with positive consecutive increasing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 integers starting with a, such that a . b . c . d . e . f, then which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 e 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the following is less than ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a13 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 1 4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a15 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) None of the above. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The phrase positive consecutive increasing integers seems difficult, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unpacking it one term at a time takes the sting out of it. Positive means the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers are greater than zero. Consecutive numbers are in order like 3, 4, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 5. Increasing means the numbers are going up, and you know what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 integer means. Putting that together, the series starts with an integer at a, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and each succeeding letter increases by one integer. This means that b 5 a 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1, and c 5 a 1 2. Seeing this, you can rewrite all the terms in the series in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 e a14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terms of a, including e divided by f, 5 . Doing this is helpful since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f a15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices are all written in that manner. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 273 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now let’s look at those answer choices. Choices (A) and (B) are too great 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 e e 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 isn’t. Choice (D) equals , so it’s not because they are greater than 1, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f f 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what you’re looking for. If you plug in numbers that fit the criteria, a 5 2 for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example, you will see that choice (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Plugging in numbers from the get-go would have been another way to solve 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this problem. Once you unpacked the terminology, you could have made a 5 2, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or 3, or some other small integer since you don’t want to make the computa9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions too hard. Then you could have plugged in numbers for all the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variables. If you don’t mess up the math, you would get to choice (C) again. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There might even be other ways to solve this problem. Never forget that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there is usually more than one way to answer any SAT math problem. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can’t figure it out one way, try a different approach. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fractions and Decimals 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fractions and decimals are two related, slightly different ways to talk about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parts of a whole. For instance, if 5 of 10 pieces of a pizza have been eaten, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then or of the pizza is gone. You could also say that 0.50 of the pizza is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gone. You are saying the same thing because 5 0.50. The SAT will expect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you to understand fractions and decimals and how they relate. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A fraction is a number made up of two integers and it looks like this . The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number on top, a, is called the numerator, and the number on the bottom, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b, is called the denominator. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An important thing to remember about fractions is that they are actually 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 division problems in disguise. A fraction means you are dividing, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerator, by the denominator. The fraction really is the same thing as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 b. Since 5 a 4 b, b cannot equal zero because dividing by zero is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 undefined. Keep this little nugget lodged in your brain because it might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 come up on a function problem. (We’ll get to functions later.) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT will expect you to be able to perform math operations with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fractions, like adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying. If you don’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remember when you need a common denominator, or how to divide a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fraction by a fraction, check out an Algebra I textbook for a refresher. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 274 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. If 5 then x 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The standard, textbook approach to this problem is to solve for x. You do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that by isolating x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 3 Here, both sides are multiplied by to eliminate the 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 8 3 3 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fraction in the denominator under x. 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 3 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 8 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 5 3 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 4 5 5 1 x 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 24 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A second way to solve this problem is to plug in the answer choices for x. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Start with the middle value, 3, and see what you get. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 2 3 3 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 4 5 3 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 4 3 4 2 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 275 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you can see, Þ . That value for x is too great. Since you know that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (C) is too great, look at the remaining answer choices. Choices (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (E) are greater than (C), and since (C) is wrong, these will also be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrong. You can cross them out. All that remains are choices (B) and (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can plug in the value x 5 2, and if choice (B) is wrong, then you know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer must be (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Numerical answer choices are usually in order from greatest to least, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or vice versa. If you are plugging in, it makes sense to start with choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C), the middle value, and see where this leads you. Quite often, even if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) is the wrong answer, it will provide you with a clue to show what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value to plug in next. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fractions also come in a hybrid form called mixed fractions. They look like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this, 3 . This number is mixed because it has an integer and a fraction. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 longhand, 3 means 3 1 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What do you do if you need to rewrite this mixed fraction as an improper 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fraction? You could rewrite 3 as a fraction and add 1 . But there is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quicker way. Multiply the integer out front by the denominator (7 3 3 5 21), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then add that product to the numerator (21 1 2 5 23), and voila! You have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 . it. In our example 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the previous example, 3 was rewritten as a fraction. There is a simple way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to rewrite integers as fractions. Make 3 the numerator of a fraction and 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the denominator of a fraction. So 3 5 . You can see that this is true if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recall that 5 a 4 b. You can rewrite any integer as a fraction by simply 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 putting the integer into the numerator and 1 into the denominator. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As was said above, fractions and decimals express the same idea. To rewrite 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 a fraction as a decimal, just divide the numerator by the denominator; 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remember 5 a 4 b. With a calculator this computation is very, very easy. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 b 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rewriting a decimal as a fraction is equally easy. Say you need to rewrite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.19 as a fraction. First put 19 into the numerator. The denominator of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decimal equivalence is always going to be some multiple of 10. The question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is, “What multiple of ten goes in the denominator?” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 276 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You figure that out by counting the places to the right of the decimal, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that number is the number of zeros in the denominator. In 0.19 there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two places to the right of the decimal, 1 and 9; so there are two zeros in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 denominator, which means 0.19 5 . If you aren’t sure if you have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly rewritten a decimal as a fraction you can always plug the fraction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 into a calculator to see if you get the correct decimal back. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All of the place values to the right of the decimal have funny names with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “ths” at the end of them. Here is an example to refresh your memory about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 place values, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Take the number 934.167 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 is in the hundreds place, so the 9 means 900 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 is in the tens place, so the 3 means 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 is in the units place, so the 4 means 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 is in the tenths place, so the 1 means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 6 is in the hundredths place, so the 6 means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 9 7 is in the thousands place, so the 7 means 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Which of the following numbers has a value between 0.44 and ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 277 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The easiest way to approach this problem is to rewrite as a decimal, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then rewrite the likely answer choices as decimals. Plugging into your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ' 0.55, so you’re looking for something with a value calculator, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between 0.44 and 0.55. Considering the fact that 0.50 would be a value 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between these two values, and that 0.50 5 , you want a fraction around 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one-half. If you eyeball the answer choices, (B) looks the closest to one-half. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 0.45. So (B) is the answer. Try it first. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rewriting all the fractions in this problem as decimals using your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculator is one example of using your calculator to help you answer a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem. Note that it wouldn’t matter what kind of calculator you use. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Percents, or Why Giving 110% Is Impossible 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The concept of percent is related to decimals and fractions because it also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deals with parts of a whole. Percent means “per hundred” or “divided by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one hundred.” If you want to rewrite a percentage as a fraction you simply 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 put the number of the percentage in the numerator and 100 in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 34 17 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 denominator. So 34% is equivalent to , and simplifies to . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can also easily rewrite percentages as decimals. Recall that 0.10 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , and as we just saw 10% 5 . So 0.10 is the same thing as 10%. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you want to rewrite a percentage as a decimal, simply move the decimal 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 point two places to the left. For instance, 115% is equivalent to 1.15, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.5% is equivalent to 0.005. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An easy SAT problem with percentages might involve determining what 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 percentage one number is of another. For example, the problem might read, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “What percentage is 4 of 27?” The problem is asking how much of 27 is 4? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In math, you write this as . To find what percentage equals , first use a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27 27 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculator to divide 4 by 27. You get a decimal (0.148) which you can easily 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rewrite as a percentage (14.8% or 15%). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer to other percentage problems might not be so easy to see. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 . Since the However, you can always set up an equation like this, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 278 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right side of the equation is the fractional form of a percentage, if you find x, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you know what percentage 4 is of 27. Solve for x by cross-multiplying, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~27!~x! 5 ~4!~100! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27x 5 400 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 400 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 400 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 At this point your calculator comes in handy, ' 14.8. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Percentage increase and decrease problems can be a little harder. You might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see a problem where you are told that the price of bananas increased 10%, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and then increased 15% percent, and you have to determine the percentage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 change of the price. In percent-change problems you must keep straight 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what is increasing or decreasing. In our banana problem, the original price 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 increases 10%, and then the resulting second price increases 15%. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guess that the total percent change is 25%, you will have missed that it is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second price that increased 15%. Because there are two prices involved, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can’t just add up the two percentage increases. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is why it is important to always keep track of what exactly is increasing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or decreasing. Our banana problem might now seem like a real quandary, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but a test trick simplifies it. Since the original price is not given, we can pick 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one. For ease’s sake, pick 100 as the original price. This is a good number to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use, because it is easy to see that 10% of 100 is 10. If the first increase is 10, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then the price of the bananas is now: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 original price 1 increase 5 new price 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 1 10 5110 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This new price, 110, increased by 15%. You can see now why you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can’t simply add 10% and 15% together. The 10% increase was 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 related to the original price of 100, while the 15% increase is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connected to a different price, 110. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To determine the value of a 15% increase to 110, multiply 110 by 0.15, the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decimal equivalent of 15%. This gives you 110 3 0.15 5 16.5. Adding 16.5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 to 110 results in the final price of 126.5. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 279 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What is the percentage change in going from 100 to 126.5? It is a 26.5% 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 increase. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The ease of reading off this percentage increase is another reason why 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 starting with the value of 100 works well. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the example you just worked through, you were given the percentage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 increases and asked to find the percentage change. You might see a problem 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that asks the reverse; it will give you the percentage change and the final 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 price of the item, and you will have to find the original price. There are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 similar formulas that are helpful for either kind of problem, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Decrease in value: Increase in value: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 y y 2 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 z 5 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 where x is the original value, y is the second value, and z is the percentage 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. If the price of a computer is decreased by 25%, and after the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decrease the price is $1237.50, what was the original price of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 computer? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) $412.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) $927.75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) $1550.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) $1610.75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) $1650 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With the percentage change formula in hand, you don’t have to get tangled 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up in which way the price went. Plugging in the values for this problem (it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a decrease in value), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x2y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 $1237.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 0.25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 $1237.50 5 0.25x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 0.25x 2 $1237.50 5 0.25x 2 0.25x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.75x 2 $1237.50 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.75x 2 $1237.50 1 $1237.50 5 0 1 $1237.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.75x 5 $1237.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 $1237.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now calculate with your “electronic abacus,” x 5 5 $1650. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 280 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Of course, if you already have too many equations to keep track of, you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reason your way through this problem. You could reason that since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 price has decreased 25%, then $1237.50 equals 75% of the original price. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Translating this into algebra, you get 0.75x 5 $1237.50. Either way, the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Yet another way to approach the problem is to use common sense and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look at the answer choices. You know that the price decreased to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 $1237.50, so the original price must be greater than $1237.50. This 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminates choices (A) and (B), giving you a one-in-three chance of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 guessing correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ratios and Their Relatives 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A ratio is a way to compare two or more things and show how much of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thing 1 you have in comparison to Thing 2. For example, if you have 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new-wave CDs and 10 hip-hop CDs, the ratio of new-wave CDs to hip-hop 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 CDs is 15:10. Ratios, like fractions, can be simplified to simplist form, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which means the ratio of new wave to hip-hop CDs can be simplified: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15:10 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 4 5:10 4 5 5 (both sides are divided by 5 to simplify the ratio.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3:2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that with the ratio of your CDs it matters in which order you say the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 genres. The ratio of new wave to hip-hop is 3:2, but the ratio of hip-hop to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 new wave is 2:3. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ratios can also be compared to other ratios. Suppose you had to determine 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 which ratio was greater, 5:3 or 7:4 ? To accomplish this, first rewrite the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ratios as fractional forms by putting the first number in the numerator and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the second number in the denominator: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5:3 5 and 7:4 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 281 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are a couple of ways to determine which fraction, or , is greater. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can rewrite both numbers as mixed numbers, or look for a common 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 denominator: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 5 7 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 3 ? 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 4 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since 21 is greater than 20, the fraction . . This means 7:4 is greater 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than 5:3. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 From a technical standpoint, ratios and fractions are not interchangeable, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so your math teacher might quibble about rewriting a ratio as a fraction. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the SAT, though, you don’t have to worry about such technicalities. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rewriting a ratio as a fraction helps you solve a problem, rewrite away. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are 24 boys and 30 girls in the first grade class at Lakewood 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Elementary. What is the ratio of boys to first graders at Lakewood 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Elementary? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 4:5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 5:4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 4:9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 5:9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 8:9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With ratios you always need to pay attention to what you are comparing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This problem asks you to compare boys and first graders. Now it’s a matter 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of finding these two amounts and placing them in a ratio. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How many boys are there? 24. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How many first graders are there? 54, since it’s the total number of boys 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (24) and girls (30). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The ratio of boys to first graders is 24:54. But you should suspect that this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ratio can be simplified, especially since 24:54 is not an answer choice. 24 is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 divisible by 6 as is 54, 24:54 5 4 3 6:9 3 6 5 4:9. Choice (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 282 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Algebra and Functions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You are probably either in an algebra class right now or recently finished 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one, so formal introductions are not in order. You already know that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebra means working with variables, solving equations, and so forth. SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Algebra, though, is a little different from what you see in the classroom. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will have to do some basic algebra moves like factoring or simplifying, but 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you will not have to do any ten-step problems or work with really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complicated algebraic expressions. Since all math problems on the SAT have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to be workable in a reasonable amount of time, the algebra on the SAT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cannot be too involved. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That’s good news for you, but there is a catch: the test writers may tax your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ingenuity with problems that require clever applications of a concept. Or, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they may create problems that challenge your ability to identify the relevant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concepts. To combat this, we’ll make sure you are familiar with all the basic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebra concepts and also with the kinds of moves the SAT will expect you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to make with that basic knowledge. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s a test-taking tip before we get to the meaty stuff: algebra questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that appear early on in a Math section will often just require solving for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variable. Pretty straightforward stuff. Later in a math section—as the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems become more difficult—you should expect that an algebra 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem will require you to make a clever connection or see an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “un-obvious” way to solve it. But in either situation, the problems should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 require about the same number of steps to solve. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Exponents and Roots, or the Rads and the Squares 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Exponents are just shorthand for writing a number times itself. So instead of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writing 4 3 4, you can write 4 . The 4 is called the base, and 2 is the power, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or exponent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here is a condensed version of how exponents function. Look it over, plug 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in some numbers (just for grins), and make sure you are comfortable with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how exponents work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 283 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Working with Exponents 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Adding and Subtracting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can add and subtract numbers with exponents if they have the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same base and are raised to the same power. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4r 1 7r 5 11r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8t 2 t 5 7t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but 5k 1 8k Þ 13k or 13k since they are not raised to the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 power. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Multiplying and Dividing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can also multiply and divide numbers if they have the same base. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a b a 1 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y y 5y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 3 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For instance, s 3 s 5 s makes sense if you see that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 3 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 s 3 s 5 (s 3 s)(s 3 s 3 s) 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can count up the five s’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 xa a2b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 5 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 924 5 For example, 4. 5 f 5f . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Raising Powers to Powers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can also raise a number with an exponent to a power. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~za!b 5 zab 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So ~h ! 5 h 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s try a problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 4, then x 5 9. 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 O O O O 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 284 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The good news about a problem like this is that there are no hidden tricks. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You just have to solve for x. This should be simple after your review of how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponents work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 54 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 But don’t stop here. Since x is in the denominator, you need to move it to the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other side of the equation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x ! 2 5 4x ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 5 4x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 5 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might get stuck here if you don’t know how to take the square root of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a fraction. A little basic math can get things moving. What fraction times 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 itself gives you ? 3 5 . So is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 2 2 4 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Actually, there is another possible answer, 2 , since it is also true 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that 2 5 2 . But since you can’t grid-in a negative answer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 4 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the only answer for this problem. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The last problem illustrated something that you should always keep in mind 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when you are dealing with even exponents. When you see x 5 16, do not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 automatically assume that x has to equal 4, since it might also equal 24. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is the kind of trap that the SAT likes to lay for the inattentive student, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so beware of it. When you are working with odd exponents, the story is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different. If x 5 27, you know that 3 is the only true value for x because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (23)(23)(23) 5 227. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 285 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A relative of the exponent is the square root. It looks like this , and it’s = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the inverse of squaring a number. When you square 5, you multiply it by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 itself to get 5, but when take the square root of 25, you get the number that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 times itself gives 25. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 3 5 5 25, so =25 5 5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Square roots can also be written as exponents like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. y 5 y = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Getting to the Roots 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Adding and Subtracting Roots 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is similar to exponents. You can only add or subtract expressions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 1 6 5 5 with roots if what is under the radical is the same. 4 = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10=5, but there’s not much you can do with 3=3 1 2=4. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probably won’t see a problem like 3=3 1 2=4, but if you do, whip 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out your calculator and get busy with the = key. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Simplifying Square Roots 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Like fractions, square roots can be simplified. To do so, factor the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number under the radical, and factor any perfect squares out from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 underneath the radical. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 5 2 3 3 4 5 2 3 2 3 5 4 3 2 = = = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Multiplying Square Roots 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can multiply square roots together, and sometimes after you do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this, you find a perfect square underneath the radical that you can then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pull out. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 =24 3 =2 5 =24 3 2 5 =48 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 48 5 =16 3 3 5 4=3 = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since 16 is the square root of 4, you can factor it out from underneath 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the square root sign. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 286 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Dividing Square Roots 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Occasionally, you can find similar terms in both the denominator and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerator, which you can then divide out. Getting similar terms often 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 requires factoring like in the example below, where =34 is restated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as ~=2!~=17!. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 =34 5 ~=2!~=17! 5 =2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17 17 = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 More Algebra and Functions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You already have been using algebra throughout this chapter. Look at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preceding pages and note how many times a variable—usually a letter like 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x—was used to denote an unknown numerical quantity. In a nutshell, that’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebra. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Algebra employs variables to represent unknown quantities. That’s a simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definition, and some algebra problems are basic and straightforward: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 65 5 t 2 40 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here, if you add 40 to both sides, you find a numerical value for t. You’ve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solved an algebra problem, albeit an easy one. As you might expect, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebra problems on the new SAT will typically be more difficult. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Before discussing functions, it helps to have a good understanding of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basic algebra concepts such as variables, equations, and factoring. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Functions are covered starting on page 298 after these fundamental 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebraic ideas have been reviewed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If 5 4, then x 5 9. 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 287 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although you need a knowledge of fractions and exponents to answer this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 properly, there is an algebraic component as well. You have a variable, x, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and you need to solve the equation to determine an actual numerical value 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for it. In this sense your goal is the same as it was for the equation 65 5 t 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 40. Do the math necessary to determine the numerical value of the variable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since SAT algebra questions can come in bewildering shapes, it’s always 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 helpful to keep this goal in mind. If you encounter a tough question with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variables, and you’re not sure where to start, ask yourself, “How can I 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine the values of these variables?” Determining values for these 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unknown quantities is often the path to getting the right answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Equations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the earlier part of an SAT section, you might see a problem where you are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given an equation with one variable and have to solve for that variable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since you have already done that a number of times in this chapter, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be up to speed on that. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Things get a little more complicated if there are two equations and two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variables, yet you can still solve for both variables because you have two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations. The general math rule is you can solve for as many different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variables as you have equations. So if you have two equations and two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variables, you’re in business. If you have five variables and five equations, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’re still alright. Luckily, you will most likely not see more than two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations and two unknowns. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With two variables, solve for one variable in one equation and then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 substitute that result into the second equation. For example, consider the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x1y y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If 5 1 and 5 2, then what is the value of y 2 x 5 7. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 x 1 1 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 28 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 24 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 288 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To find the answer to this problem you have to find x and y. Deciding which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variable to start with is largely up to you. Solving for y in the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equation looks easiest: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 52 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 1 5 2 x 1 1 ~ ! ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 2 x 1 1 ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 2x 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now plug this value for y into the first equation, and you can solve for x, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since that is the only variable in the equation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x1y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 2x 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 2x 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 1 11 11 ~ ! ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 3x 1 2 5 11 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3x 1 2 2 2 5 11 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3x 5 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3x 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You find y by plugging into either equation 5 2 (the original one) or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 2x 1 2 (the equation you worked out first). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 52 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y58 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In both cases, y equals 8, so y 2 x 5 8 2 3 55. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 289 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Inequalities, When Things Aren’t Equal 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An equation is when the stuff on the left side equals the stuff on the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side. An inequality is when the stuff on the left does not equal the stuff on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the right side. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The same rules apply for solving an inequality as for solving an equation (if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you do something to one side you have to do the same thing to the other 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side). But there is one important difference between the two. If you multiply 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or divide by a negative number you have to switch the direction of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 inequality. There’s a good reason for this, but it’s not going to be covered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 here. The SAT doesn’t test whether or not you understand why you switch 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it. It just tests if you know to switch it. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For example, if you need to solve for x in the following inequality, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x 2 4 . 8, use the normal techniques but remember to switch the sign. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x 2 4 . 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x 2 4 1 4 . 8 1 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x . 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23 23 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x , 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you forget to do the ole’ switcheroo you get x . 24, and you can bet the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 farm that this incorrect answer will be lying in ambush somewhere in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. If 9 . 23x 2 3 . 6, which of the following statements is true? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 24 , x , 23 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 , x , 2 (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 23 , x , 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 2 , x , 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , x , (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 290 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The rule for working with a double inequality is the same: if you do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something to one side you have to do it to all three sides. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 . 23x 2 3 , 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1 3 . 23x 2 3 1 3 . 6 1 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 . 23x . 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 23x 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , , 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23 23 23 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 , x , 23 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Math section won’t be riddled with inequalities, but there will be at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 least one or two. Remember to flip the sign when multiplying or dividing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with negative numbers, and you should do well on these problems. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Absolute Value 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Absolute value sounds imposing and extreme, but the explanation is simple. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The absolute value of any number is how far it is from zero. The absolute 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value of 9 and 29 is the same (9) since both are 9 from zero. In math notation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 absolute value looks like two high straight fences surrounding a shy number. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 |29| 5 |9| 5 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The absolute value of something is always positive because distances, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the distance from zero in this case, are always positive. There’s no such 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thing as a negative mile, for instance. This means that whatever comes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out of the absolute value symbols will always be positive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Always do all the arithmetic inside the absolute value signs before 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 taking the absolute value. For example, |26 23| Þ |6 2 3| because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 |26 2 3| 5 |29| 5 9 and |6 2 3| 5 |3| 5 3. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. If |2(x 2 3) 1 x| 5 12, then what is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one possible value of x? O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 291 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 /
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This example might seem a bit strange since it asks for one “possible” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value instead of a single value. However, there is usually at least one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grid-in question on every test for which there is more than one correct 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer. If you don’t expect this, it can lead to uncertainty. Students are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accustomed to a single correct math answer, and are suddenly faced 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a question that yields more than one answer. They don’t know 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which answer to grid-in, mistakenly thinking that only one answer will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be counted correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t let this happen to you. When you encounter the more-than-one9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct-answer grid-in question, mentally say, “Oh, here’s the more9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than-one-correct-answer grid-in question.” Then find an answer—any 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct one will do—grid it in, and move on. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First simplify within the absolute value signs: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 |2 x 2 3 1 x| 5 12 ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 |2x 2 6 1 x| 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 |3x 2 6| 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Without the absolute values, you would simply solve for x at this point. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3x 2 6 5 12 → 3x 5 18 → x 5 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Plug this value for x back into the equation with absolute values. It works, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t it? That’s your answer. There is another possible answer, but there’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no reason to waste time finding it. (It also turns out to be a negative number, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so you couldn’t grid it in even if you wanted to.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you encounter absolute value lines, think “positive.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Quadratic Equations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you will see later in this chapter, equations can be graphed. Equations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that look like 4x 1 3y 5 13 are called linear equations because their graphs 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are lines. Linear equations only have variables that are not raised to a power 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other than one. In contrast, quadratic equations have variables that are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 squared, like x or y . Equations with a squared variable are quadratic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations, and their graphs will not be a line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Solving quadratic equations requires different techniques than the ones used 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when working with linear equations. Factoring is normally used. Check out 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the chart below to remind yourself how factoring works. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 292 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Factor Refresher 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ab 1 ac 5 a~b 1 c! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~a 1 b!~c 1 d! 5 ac 1 ad 1 bc 1 bd 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 1 2ab 1 b 5 ~a 1 b! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a2 2 2ab 1 b2 5 ~a 2 b!2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 2 b 5 a 2 b a 1 b ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you encounter an equation that looks like the left side of one of the equa123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions in the chart, “work it” until it resembles the corresponding equation on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the right. This isn’t always the key to solving the problem, but it often is, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 because it demonstrates your ability to factor and expand equations prop123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 erly—a skill that the test-writers are interested in measuring. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you expand an expression, you take away the parentheses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you factor an expression, you do the reverse by putting the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parentheses back. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second item in the chart involves FOIL, a method of expanding that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 used when you are multiplying two groups of variables like (a 1 b)(c 1 d). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 FOIL is a nice way to remember First, Outside, Inside, Last. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You multiply 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the First terms, ac 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Outside terms, ad 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Inside terms, bc 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Last terms, bd 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and then you add them all together: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (a 1 b)(c 1 d) 5 ac 1 ad 1 bc 1 bd 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 FOIL makes expanding simple, but factoring a quadratic expression like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 x 2 12 is not as straightforward. Putting the equation back into two 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sets of parentheses involves a little bit of guessing. To help guide your guess, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 think about FOIL and start with the first and last terms (the squared term 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the number). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 Beginning with the squared term, ask, “What would give x ?” The variable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x times itself is the answer, so the first terms in each parentheses is x. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 now know: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (x )(x ) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 293 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How about the 12? It is the Last term, and could be made with the factors 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 6, 3 3 4, or 12 3 1, since the product of all three is 12. The 12 also has a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative sign in front of it. This means one of the Last terms must be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative and the other positive because that is the only way to have 212 as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the product. Our parentheses, then, must look like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (x 2 )(x 1 ) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the final step, you must decide which set of factors to use. Since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 middle term of the expression is 2x, the Outside and the Inside terms must 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 add up to negative one. Which of the three factor sets of 12 has a difference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of one? Only 3 3 4. They must go in the Last places, and since adding up the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Outside and the Inside results in a 2x, the 4 must go with of the negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sign. Putting it all together: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 x 2 12 5 (x 2 4)(x 1 3) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can always to check to see if you have factored correctly by using 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 FOIL, (x 2 4)(x 1 3) 5 x 1 3x 2 4x 2 12 5 x 2 x 2 12. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Being able to factor and expand quickly is important for the SAT. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t feel comfortable with both operations, spend some time making up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your own expressions and working with them. Here are a few expressions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to get you started. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Factoring and Expansion Practice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Expand the following: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~y 1 4!~y 1 6! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 7 x 2 4 ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3x 2 1 2x 2 9 ~ !~ ! 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Factor the following: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x2 1 10x 1 16 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 2 7y 1 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10a 2 23a 2 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 294 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT problems will expect you to solve quadratic equations, but once you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have factored a quadratic equation, solving it is pretty easy. Suppose you are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given the quadratic equation y2 5 7 2 6y and asked to solve for y. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 presence of a squared term, y , is the clue that tells you that you must factor 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to get the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first thing to do is to get all terms on one side of the equation. The other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side will then equal zero. If possible, rearrange the terms so that the y is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 positive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 7 2 6y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 y 2 7 5 7 2 7 2 6y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 y 2 7 5 26y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 2 7 1 6y 5 26y 1 6y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 6y 2 7 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now you have to factor the quadratic equation so that you have two sets of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parentheses. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 6y 2 7 5 ~y 1 7!~y 2 1! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 y 1 6y 2 7 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 7 y 2 1 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How can you make this last equation true? Stated another way, for what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values of y would the product of the parentheses be zero? A product is only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 zero if one of the factors is zero, so find values for y that would make each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parenthesis zero. If y 5 27 then the first parenthesis would be zero, and so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the product would be zero. And, if y 5 1, then the second parenthesis would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be zero. Both y 5 27 and y 5 1 are correct answers. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Quadratic equations usually have two solutions for one variable, so if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a grid-in asks you for a solution to a quadratic equation, don’t worry if 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you get two answers. As mentioned earlier, grid-ins sometimes will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have more than one correct answer. Just pick one answer, grid it in, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 move on. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 295 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 2 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 y 0 23 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the above table gives the relationship between x and y at certain 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values, which of the following equations could describe the table? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 7 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2~x 2 4! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 2 x ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One way to solve this problem is to go through each answer choice and plug 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the values from the table. If you can’t identify another approach to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem, go ahead and start plugging in values. However, you might want 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to wait until the second pass because this process can be time-consuming. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a shorter way, but it takes a bit of math cleverness to spot it. Notice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that when x 5 2, y 5 0. Scan the answer choices. You’ll see that every one of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them has y on the left and a fraction containing x on the right. When x 5 2, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y is zero, so you’re looking for a numerator on the right side of the equation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that will be zero when x 5 2. Answer choice (E) fits the bill, because the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 term would be zero when x 2 2 5 0, which would make the entire 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerator zero. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you have some time, you could check the other answer values in the table 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to see if they also work. (They do.) Choice (E) is your answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 296 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Word Problems 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a word problem you are given a statement in regular old English. For 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. At Walt’s Haberdashery, cowboy hats are three times as expensive as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 baseball caps. Tennis visors are half as expensive as baseball caps. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a single tennis visor costs $6.50, how much, in dollars, does a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cowboy hat cost? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 11.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 13.00 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 36.00 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 39.00 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 52.00 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So far, the questions in this section have been littered with variables and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations. It was easy to see that algebra was involved. For word problems, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the algebra is there, but you have to create the variables and formulas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself. This may sound hard, but it’s actually pretty simple once you do it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a couple of times. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Start with the first sentence: “cowboy hats are three times as expensive as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 baseball caps.” If you had to translate this into an equation, it would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 cowboy hat 5 3 baseball caps ~in price! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1c 5 3b 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c 5 3b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The variable c stands for “cowboy hats,” and b stands for “baseball cap.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Move on to the next sentence: “Tennis visors are half as expensive as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 baseball caps.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 tennis visor 5 half a baseball cap 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1t 5 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2t 5 b 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Although you could use the variable x to stand for “tennis visor,” it’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much easier to use the first letter of the word, which is why we let t 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tennis visor. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 297 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you have translated the word problem into two algebraic equations, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the rest falls into place. The question states that a tennis visor costs $6.50, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2t 5 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2~6.50! 5 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13 5 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c 5 3b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c 5 3~13! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c 5 39 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Cowboy hats cost $39 dollars at Walt’s Haberdashery, choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes it’s hard to decide which strategy to use when faced with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular problem. This is something best learned through practice, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is why there are three full-length practice SATs awaiting you after this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chapter. However, spotting word problems is one of the easier tasks. Here 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are some clues: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • The problem has three to five text sentences. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • The sentences are filled with phrases like, “will be twice as old in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three year’s time,” “is two-thirds as tall as the next building,” or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “weighs as much as three smaller machines.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • At one point, a numerical value is given. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The numerical value is the actual number that you plug in to your created 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations. If you’ve set up your equations correctly, the answer will fall into 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your lap. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Functions, the Unappreciated Half of the “Algebra 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and Functions” Category 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the SAT, think of a function as a math machine. You will usually see the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function as equal to some algebra expression like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 f(x) 5 x 1 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you feed the “function machine” values for x, it spits out values for f(x). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Put x 5 2 into the function by replacing all the x’s in the function with 2’s: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~2! 5 22 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~2! 5 4 1 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~2! 5 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You put a 2 into the function machine, and it spits out a 6. In Math Speak, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when x 5 2 then f(x) 5 6, and this can also be written f(2) 5 6. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 298 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Functions are typically described using the symbol f(x). In some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebra classes, you may have talked about this symbol as “f of x.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can change the guts of the function machine, but even if you do, it stills 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 performs the same operation. It takes a value for x and gives you a value for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f(x). Suppose the function f is defined by f ~x! 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x. What is the value x22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of f(3)? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Replace all the x’s in the function with 3’s: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 322 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 f ~ ! 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~3! 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 328 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~3! 5 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A cardinal rule of functions is that for every x value that you put into the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function machine, only one y value can come out. If there is more than one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y value for one x value, then you are not dealing with a function. We’ll talk 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about this more when we discuss the graphing of functions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That’s all you need to know about basic functions. If a question gives you a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function and a value for x, then plug that value of x into the function 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 machine and see what comes out. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Geometry: Euclid’s Last Stand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thankfully, you will see no geometrical proofs, so you can immediately stop 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 worrying about why there are four interior right angles in a rectangle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Geometry on the new SAT focuses more on basic geometric figures and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formulae that accompany them. Like algebra, there is a limited amount of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 geometry that the SAT actually tests. This section will cover basic geometry 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information and ways in which it might appear on the SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 299 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lines and Angles 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The line is the basic building block of most of the geometric figures. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes it the best place to start. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 QB W is, of course, a line. Those arrows at the end of the line mean that in A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Theoretical Geometry World, each end of the line goes on forever. CD is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ↔ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line segment because it is only a segment, or part, of the infinite line CD. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Note that the arrowheads are missing from the line segment symbol. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An angle is defined by two lines. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the above figure, two lines intersect and form four angles. The sum of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measures of those four angles is 360 degrees. Since they are formed by two 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intersecting lines, the angles opposite each other are called vertical angles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Vertical angles are congruent to each other, so a 5 c and b 5 d. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you think 360 is an unwieldy number, build a time machine and go 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 back to ancient Babylon. You can blame this early civilization for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deciding that one complete circular revolution equals 360 degrees. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 300 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ninety-degree angles are a special angle in geometry. They have their own 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 name, right angles, and their own symbol: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When two lines intersect to form a right angle, the two lines are said to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perpendicular. The symbol for perpendicular lines looks like this l ⊥ l . In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the figure above, you also know that the measure of angle q must be 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 degrees. Think about that for a moment if you don’t see it right off. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Unlike perpendicular lines, parallel lines never cross, even if you follow 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them out forever. For a good mental image of parallel lines, think of railroad 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tracks. In “Math Write,” parallel lines look like this l i l . 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is only a small chance you will see a math problem focused 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exclusively on perpendicular or parallel lines. However, both these concepts 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will appear throughout the Math section as part of larger geometric 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagrams. For example, you might be given an intricate diagram and asked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to find the measure of a specific angle. Nestled within the diagram will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two perpendicular lines (l1 ⊥ l2). Realizing that these lines form a right angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will be one important step toward finding the right answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you cut across a pair of parallel lines with a third line, you create a juicy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagram with tons of congruent angles. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 301 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You know that ∠1 ≅ ∠4, ∠2 ≅ ∠3, ∠5 ≅ ∠8, and ∠6 ≅ ∠7 because they are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all pairs of vertical angles. Angles 3 through 6 are called interior angles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because they are on the insides of the two parallel lines. ∠3 and ∠6 are also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 called alternate angles, as are ∠4 and ∠5, because they are on alternate sides 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the line cutting through. Alternate interior angles are congruent, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ∠3 ≅ ∠6 and ∠4 ≅ ∠5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Angles 2 and 6 are called corresponding angles because their position at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two intersections corresponds to each other. Corresponding angles are also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent, so ∠1 ≅ ∠5, ∠3 ≅ ∠7, and ∠4 ≅ ∠8. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you put angles 3 and 4 together, you have a straight line. The angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measure of a straight line is 180, so m∠3 1 m∠4 5 180. But there’s more! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember that ∠4 ≅ ∠5, so it must also be true that m∠3 1 m∠5 5 180. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is actually a general rule: The measures of interior angles on the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side of the line cutting through always sum to 180. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The reason a straight line is 180 degrees has to do with those 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Babylonians again. Cutting a line through the center of a circle makes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two half-circles, and since a circle is 360 degrees, half a circle is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 360 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 180 degrees. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All these rules are important because some SAT questions will have you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 playing “Big Angle Hunter.” You’ll be given a diagram with intersecting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lines or figures and asked to find the measure of a particular angle. You need 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to know all the different rules to help you track down and capture the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessary angle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Angle A is written as ∠BAD. The letter of the angle is always placed in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 middle, and the letters from the two line segments that form the angle are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 put on the sides. Notice that with this convention for writing angles, ∠BAD 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the same as ∠DAB. It is not enough to just write ∠A because there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cases for which this method wouldn’t be specific enough. For instance, for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the figure above, if you wrote ∠B you could be referring to three different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles, ∠ABC, or ∠ABD, or ∠DBC. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 302 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If l1 i l2 then y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 15 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 35 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This problem requires a little bit of algebra and a little bit of geometry, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the geometry comes first. Looking at the angles on the left, you can see that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 5 110 because they are vertical angles. Solving for x, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 5 110 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 2x 110 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x5 55 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 On the right side of l2, you can see that x 1 y and the measure of the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angle sum to 180. The other angle measures 110 because it is an alternate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interior angle to the known angle 110. This means x 1 y 1 110 5 180, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can solve for y, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 55 1 y 1 110 5 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 165 1 y 5 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 165 2 165 1 y 5 180 2 165 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Way to go, Big Angle Hunter! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What You Can Figure from Figures 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whenever you encounter a figure, first see if there is a “Note: Figure not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drawn to scale” disclaimer. If there is, then the figure will not be helpful to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you in its present state, although you can sometimes redraw it to give you a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better idea of what the question is asking. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 303 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the disclaimer is not present, then the figure is drawn to scale. To cover all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the details of what this means, let’s compare a figure that is drawn to scale 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to one that isn’t. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can assume that: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. C is a point along BE and AD 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. x 5 y, since they are vertical angles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Even though this figure is drawn to scale, without further information, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should not assume anything else. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You shouldn’t assume that: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. AC 5 CD because it looks that way. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. t 5 60 because it looks about that big. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should assume that: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. ABD and DBC are triangles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. D is on AC. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. AD , AC 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. m∠ABD is less than m∠ABC 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You shouldn’t assume that: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. AD , AC because it looks that way. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. m∠BAD 5 m∠BDA 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. m∠ABD is greater than m∠DBC 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. ∠ABC is a right angle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 304 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When a figure is drawn to scale, you can sometimes use it to eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices that are definitely inaccurate. For instance, look back at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drawn-to-scale sketch. Suppose you were asked: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What is the measure, in degrees, of angle t? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 20 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 60 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 70 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 120 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Looking at it, you know that angle t is less than a right angle, so it must be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 less than 90 degrees. This means you can cross out choice (E), since there’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no way this could be the correct answer. This incorrect choice is there to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 catch students who make a mistake in computation. There’s no way that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angle is 120 degrees, and there’s also little chance that it’s as small as 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 degrees, either. Choice (A) is highly, highly unlikely to be the right answer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so it can be eliminated as well. This gives you a one-in-three chance of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answering the problem correctly simply by using your eyes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With figures drawn to scale, you can often use your eyes to get a rough idea 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the correct angle simply by comparing it to a known angle. If you’re given 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a distance measurement in a figure, you also use that measurement to get a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rough idea of the distances. Suppose that AB 5 8 in the drawn-to-scale 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagram. DE looks about the same length, so you know that its length is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 somewhere around 8. Put another way, you know the length of DE isn’t 24, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because that would mean it’s three times as long as AB, and that’s just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not true. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Triangles and You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You probably aren’t going to make a career out of triangles, though 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pythagoras seems to have. It is still good to know a little about them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because they are one of the SAT’s favorite geometric figures. There are a few 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 general triangle principles that the SAT tests, and there a few particular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kinds of triangles that the SAT likes to test. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The triangle is tri-angled, meaning it has three angles. It also has three sides. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is one universal trait for triangles: the sum of the measure of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 internal angles of all triangles is 180. That means if you know the measure 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 305 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of two angles of a triangle, you can always find the measure of the third. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is an important piece of knowledge when you are Big Angle Hunting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for an angle like x below. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You know two angles measure, 40 and 90, and the measures sum to 130. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the sum of the measures all three interior angles must equal 180, this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means there are 50 degrees left (180 2 130) for ∠x. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The formula for the area of a triangle is a second general rule that holds for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all triangles, A 5 base 3 height . The formula is simple enough, but it ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can be a little tricky to apply because problems usually won’t just come out 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and tell you the “base is 30” and “the height is 12.” The questions make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you work to find one or both of these values. Further complicating things, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the base and the height are not fixed values of a triangle. Only when you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choose one is the other nailed down. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The base is always going to be one side of the triangle, but it can be any of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the three. The height, on the other hand, will not necessarily be a side 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 length. Once you pick the base, the height is the length of a line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perpendicular to the base that runs to the angle opposite the base. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the three different triangles above, the base and the height are picked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 differently. There is no set rule for how to pick which side to be the base. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The only rule that should guide you is ease. Whichever base and height are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easiest to find, pick them. Remember, that once you designate a base there is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only one height that goes with it, or once you designate a height the base is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 locked in. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 306 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following is twice the area of the above figure? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) x2 1 2xy 1 y2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 (B) 2x 1 xy 2 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 (C) 6x 1 2xy 1 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 6x2 1 xy 2 y2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 (E) 6x 1 xy 1 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t let the combination of algebra and geometry throw you. Just deal with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one at a time. Start with the geometry: pick the two sides that define the right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angle as the base and the height. These two sides are x 1 y and 2x 2 y. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The question asks for double the area of the triangle, so we can drop off the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one-half in the area formula, and just multiply the base times the height: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (base) (height) 5 double the area 5 the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 y 2x 2 y 5 ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 xy 1 2xy 2 y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 1 xy 2 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is choice (B). You had to use your old friend FOIL to find the right 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer, illustrating once more how many SAT problems combine one or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more concepts. If you’re clear on the geometry and the algebra, this is one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 medium problem that you should have no trouble answering. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Well, Isn’t That a Special Triangle? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are many different triangles: acute ones, obtuse ones, big ones, little 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ones. On the SAT, though, a few different kinds of triangles show up again 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and again. These triangles are called “special triangles” because of their 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unique properties. The SAT likes to test you on these properties to see if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can identify and use them to solve problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember that crazy ancient Greek guy Pythagoras? He gets the credit for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discovering one of the most important special triangles, the right triangle. A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right triangle is a triangle with one angle that is 90 degrees. They are often 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easy to identify because they will have the box symbol for right angle ( ) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 307 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since there are 180 degrees in a triangle, that only leaves 90 degrees for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two other angles; so the measures of the two other angles in a right triangle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always sum to 90. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sides of a right triangle have a definite relationship that Pythagoras 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 summed up in his theorem a 1 b 5 c . a and b are the lengths of the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shorter sides of the right triangle, and c is the length of the side opposite the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right angle. c is also called the hypotenuse. With the Pythagorean theorem, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 if you know two sides of a right triangle, you can find the third. This is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 move that the SAT will expect you to be able to make (probably more than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 once). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that the lengths of the three sides are given for each of the three right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangles above. These triangles are common right triangles, the 3-4-5, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 6-8-10, and the 5-12-13. All three adhere to the Pythagorean theorem: 3 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 42 5 52, 62 1 82 5 102, and 52 1 122 5 13 2. Knowing these triangles can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be helpful because you can quickly determine the value of their sides . For 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 instance, if you see a right triangle with a hypotenuse of 10 and a second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side of 8, you know that the third side must be 6. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If a 5 45, then b 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 40 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 45 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 60 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 308 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The key to this problem is the angle between the two a’s on the bottom. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know that there are 180 degrees in a straight line. The two a’s take up 90 of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 those degrees, since . This leaves 90 for the angle in the triangle. Now you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know two of the three angles of the triangle, so you can find the measure of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the third, b. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 1 45 1 90 5 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 1 135 5 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 1 135 2 135 5 180 2 135 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 5 45 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The Mighty Isosceles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You probably won’t see the words isosceles triangle on the SAT, but you will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to know how to work with one. An isosceles triangle has two sides that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are congruent to each other. This is noted on a figure by putting little dashes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through the sides that are equal, like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s the Big Angle Hunter fact about isosceles triangles: the angles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposite the two congruent sides are also congruent. In the above figure, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this means m∠a 5 m∠b. There’s a good reason for this, and you might have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already slogged through the proof of it in your geometry class. For the SAT, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the reason is secondary. Just remember that if the sides are congruent, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the opposite angles are congruent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Isosceles triangles work the other way too. If you know two angles of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangle are congruent, you can infer that the opposite sides are also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The right isosceles triangle is so special that the SAT includes the formulas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for it at the beginning of every Math section. The measures of the three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles in an isosceles right triangle are always the same. The right angle is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 90, so that leaves 90 degrees for the other two. Since the other two angles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 309 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must equal each other, they must each be 45 degrees. Therefore, the three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interior angles of an isosceles right triangle are always 45-45-90. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Consider how much you know about the 45-45-90 triangle. You know the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angle measures and how the side lengths relate. Knowing how the sides 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relate is helpful since if you know one side, you can determine all three. For 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 instance, you might know that one of the sides opposite a 45-degree angle is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10, then you can simply read off that the hypotenuse is 10 2. = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you want to know where the side relationships came from, use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Pythagorean theorem on the 45-45-90 triangle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If a 5 b, then x 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) =6 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 2=2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 2=3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 2=6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) It cannot be determined. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since it is a right triangle, you should be on the lookout for a special kind of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right triangle. (And since you only know one kind of special right triangle at 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this point, you should have a good idea what to expect.) If you plug in what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you know about a and b, you can see that both top angles equal (2a)°. A 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 310 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right angle plus two equal angles can only mean one thing: a 45-45-90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You find the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 triangle by multiplying the shorter 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side length by =2, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~ !~ ! ~ !~ ! 2 6 5 12 5 4 3 5 2 3 = = = = = = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The 30-60-90 triangle is the next super special kind of right triangle. It doesn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have a fancy name like “isosceles right triangle,” but the SAT writers still like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it enough to give it regular cameos on the test. Again, the drill is the same as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the 45-45-90 triangle. You will be expected to be able to identify a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30-60-90 triangle and then use its properties to solve problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you can see, the shortest side (the side opposite the 30-degree angle) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 half the length of the hypotenuse. Stated the other way, the hypotenuse is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 twice the size of the smallest side. To find the length of the side opposite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the 60-degree angle, you take the length of the smallest side and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiply by =3. There are good reasons for these properties, but when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 preparing for the SAT concentrate on learning the properties, not the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proofs that explain them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The equilateral triangle is a triangle with three congruent sides. Since all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three sides are congruent, all three interior angles are also congruent. In this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sense, it’s just like the isosceles corresponding side-angle love fest. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If three angles of an equilateral triangle are congruent, what must the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measure of those angles be? You know they must sum to 180 degrees, so: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3s 5 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3s 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 s5 60 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 311 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The interior angles of an equilateral triangle always measure 60 degrees. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you split an equilateral triangle down the middle, you end up with two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30-60-90 triangles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If each line segment in the figure above is congruent, what is the area 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the entire figure? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A. 3=3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B. 12=6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 16 C. = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 D. 24=3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 24 E. = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This problem looks tough, but you know it must turn on the fact that each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line segment is congruent. What can you infer from this fact? Each side of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 triangle AEF is two line segments, so AEF is an equilateral triangle with side 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lengths of 2 3. To find the area, you need to pick a base and height. AE is = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 312 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as good a choice as any for the base, which means the height is the line from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F to C, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ACF is a 30-60-90 triangle, and you know two of the sides, AC 5 =3 and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 AF 5 2=3. You only need one of these sides to find length CF, the height. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If AC 5 =3, then the side opposite the 60-degree angle, CF, will be this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 length times =3. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 CF 5 ~AC!~=3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 CF 5 ~=3!~=3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 CF 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you have the height, plug in the values to the area formula for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangle: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 ~base!~height! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 ~AE!~CF! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 ~2=3!~3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 3 3 = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is not the only way to solve this problem. You also could have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 found the area of triangle ACF and then multiplied by 2 to find the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 area of the total triangle. Both methods lead to the same answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 313 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SOH-CAH-TOA 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SOH-CAH-TOA is the acronym for the trigonometric functions for sin, cos, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and tan. It stands for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposite adjacent opposite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sinu 5 , cosu 5 , and tanu 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT will include problems that can be solved by using these trig 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 functions. Don’t worry, though, if your trig isn’t polished. Using a trig 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function will always just be one method for solving (or checking) a problem. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 It won’t be the only method. If you are comfortable with the trig functions 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and you see a problem that you can easily solve using them, go ahead. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have never taken trig or have completely forgotten it, then don’t give it a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second thought. Just use the other methods outlined in this chapter to solve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems. There’s no point in learning all about trig functions when there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will always be an alternate method—involving a right triangle, typically— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that you can use to answer the problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “Polygon” Isn’t Slang for “Dead Parrot” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Any figure with three or more sides is a polygon. There are many polygons, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but only a few actually make appearances on the SAT. Besides triangles, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 squares, and rectangles (all three are test favorites), there is the occasional 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parallelogram. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is one rule that applies to all polygons. The measures of the interior 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles of an n-sided polygon sum to (n 2 2)(180). Try this formula out on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the one polygon we have worked with thus far, triangles: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (3 2 2)(180) 5 180 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You won’t need this formula for triangles, but it could come in handy if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to know the sum of the measures of the interior angles of an octagon. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rectangles are polygons. They have four sides so the sum of the meaqsures 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the interior angles is (4 2 2)(180) 5 360. Rectangles have two important 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 properties: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. All interior angles are right angles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 314 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All squares are rectangles. A square is a rectangle whose four sides are equal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in length. With a rectangle, opposite sides are equal in length, and the length 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of a rectangle is traditionally longer than its width. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The perimeter of a polygon is the distance around its edges. Some polygons 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have perimeter formulae that make it easier for you to determine the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perimeter. For a rectangle, the perimeter formula is P 5 2l 1 2w. This 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes sense because if you add up the four sides you get 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 P 5 l 1 w 1 l 1 w 5 2l 1 2w. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This perimeter formula is true for squares too, but since l 5 w for squares it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simplifies to P 5 4l. The area of a rectangle is A 5 l 3 w. Again, for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 square, replace the w with the l, and you get A 5 l 3 l 5 l . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since every side (s) of a square is the same, the area and perimeter 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 and P 5 4s, formula for a square are usually written as A 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 respectively. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The figure above is composed of a square and a rectangle. What is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the measure of the outer perimeter of the figure? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 18 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 26 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 28 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Be sure you understand what the phrase “outer perimeter” implies. It means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the parts of the figure’s perimeter that are not contained within the figure, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like the part of the square that is inside the rectangle and vice versa. Look at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the part of the square that is inside the rectangle. Two of the angles are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 315 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 marked as right angles, and we know that the other two angles are right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles because they are angles from the square and rectangle respectively. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This means all the sides opposite each other are parallel. If this is true, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sides opposite each other must also be congruent. Therefore, the part of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the square inside the rectangle is a square with side length 2. Once you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know this, you can determine all the lengths of the outer perimeter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now add them up. Moving clockwise from the 7, you have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 71 2 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 5 1 4 5 30 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The parallelogram is like a parent of the rectangle. Both have opposite sides 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that are congruent and parallel, but the parallelogram’s interior angles don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to be right angles. A parallelogram’s opposite interior angles are equal, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the measures of the angles adjacent to each other sum to 180 degrees. A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rectangle is a special case of a parallelogram. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The formula for the perimeter of a parallelogram is the same as for a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rectangle. The formula for the area of a parallelogram is a 5 base 3 height, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and this should remind you of another area formula. Remember how to find 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the base and height of a triangle? You do the same sort of thing with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parallelogram. Pick one side as the base, and the height is the length of a line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 perpendicular to the base running to the side opposite the base. The line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does not have to intersect with an angle as it does in the case of a triangle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The above figure is a square inside a parallelogram. What is the area 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the parallelogram? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 26 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 28 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 316 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You need to pick a base and height that you can find. If you designate one of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the vertical lines of the square as the height, then you at least know the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 height is 4. That makes the bottom (or the top) of the parallelogram the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 base. How can you find that length? Notice the two triangles. You can infer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that they are right triangles because a square’s interior angles are all right 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles. Here comes a special triangle! You have a right triangle with sides 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4, 5, and . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you recognize the triangle as a 3-4-5 triangle, you know the shortest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side is length 3. Add that to 4 and you get that the base of the parallelogram 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is length 7. The area is A 5 base 3 height 5 7 3 4 5 28. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It is not a coincidence that a 3-4-5 right triangle just happened to be created 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by the square and parallelogram. Every section of the SAT is loaded with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems that contain critical keys to unlocking them. For SAT Geometry, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the keys often come in the form of a special triangles. Once you learn all the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 keys to the SAT, you’ll start recognizing them throughout the test. Use them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 properly and you’ll get the right answer every time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Similar and Congruent: When Things Look Alike 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are two conditions that must be met before a mathematician will say 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that two polygons are similar: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The measure of all the corresponding angles must be congruent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The ratios of the corresponding sides must be equal. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 317 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It’s the word ratio in the second half that really distinguishes similar from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent. Here are two similar triangles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the two conditions for similarity. The smallest angles in the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangles are congruent. The same is true for the middle angles and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 largest angles. Thus, the corresponding angles are congruent. The first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 condition has been satisfied. As for the second condition, the smallest sides 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have a ratio of 3:1. The same ratio is true for the middle and long sides. It 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t matter that one triangle is much larger than the other one. As long 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as the ratio stays the same for each corresponding side, the figures are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 similar. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Congruent means congruent. Two geometric figures that are congruent are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not just similar—they are exactly the same. All corresponding angles are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent, and all corresponding lengths are equal. The symbol for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent is like an equal sign with a wavy hairpiece on top of it (≅). If line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 segments PC and AD are the same length, then PC ≅ AD. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If polygons ABCDEF and GHIJKL are similar and y 1 2x 5 32, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then x 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 10 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 16 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the polygons are similar, you know that corresponding sides have the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same ratio. AF is twice the size of GL (10 and 5, respectively), so the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 318 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corresponding lengths on ABCDEF are twice those on GHIJKL. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means y 5 2x. Plug this into the equation given in the problem, and you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solve for x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 2x 5 32 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~2x! 1 2x 5 32 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4x 5 32 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4x 32 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x58 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The concept of congruency is more inflexible than the idea of similarity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With similarity, you have to remember the whole “ratio of corresponding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sides” thing. If you have a problem dealing with similarity, expect the ratio 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 aspect to play a crucial part in determining the right answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So far, every geometrical figure discussed has been very linear. It’s time to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 get a bit “bendy.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fun with Circles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For at least two and a half millennia, geometers have thought pretty highly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of circles. Some have even gone so far as to worship them. The SAT test 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writers don’t worship circles, but they do expect you to know a thing or two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O is called the center of the circle. All the points along the edge of the circle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are the same distance from O. That distance, r, is called the radius. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 radius is any line that goes from the center to the edge of the circle. If a line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 starts at the edge of the circle, runs through O, and continues on to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposite edge, it is called the diameter. By definition, every diameter is made 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up of two radii, so diameter 5 2(radius). Any line segment whose endpoints 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 319 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are on the edge of the circle is called a chord, like MN. The diameter is one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular chord, the longest one. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle’s edge. It’s like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the perimeter of a polygon. Since the circumference is not made up of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straight lines, it’s a little harder to calculate. Luckily for you, ancient 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mathematicians came up with a little tool to make calculating the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumference a lot easier. It’s called pi (pronounced pie), and its symbol is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 p. Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle divided by its diameter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 p5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diameter 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The nice thing about p is that no matter how big or small the circle, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerical value of p stays the same. At least since that wacky Pythagoras, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mathematicians have been refining their calculations about the value of p. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the SAT, 3.14 is a good approximation of p (or just use the p button on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your calculator). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since p 5 , when you multiply both sides of the equation by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diameter 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the diameter you get: circumference 5 p 3 diameter. This is one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumference formula for a circle, which is usually written c 5 pd. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Recalling that the diameter is two times the length of the radius, you can see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 where another familiar formula for the circumference comes from, 2pr. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In addition to circumference, the other big circle formula is the area 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formula. Pi comes in handy again for finding the area of a circle, A 5 pr . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that in both the equations for circumference (c 5 pd 5 2pr) and for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the area, all you need is the radius, or the diameter. The test writers like to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exploit this fact. For instance, you might be given the area of a circle and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 asked for the circumference. Such a problem is solvable because if you know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the area, you can find the radius, and if you know the radius, you can find 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the circumference. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Arcs and Sectors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Arcs and sectors are related to circumference and area. You could say the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas are similar but not congruent. While circumference and area deal with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the entire circle, arcs and sectors cover portions of a circle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 320 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Any part of the circumference of a circle is called an arc. Consider the part, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or arc, that goes from A through B to C in the figure below. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This arc is called arc ABC, since it begins at A, goes through B, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ends at C. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a nice little formula for figuring out exactly what part of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumference an arc is. Recall that there are 360 degrees in a circle. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 60 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angle of the arc is 60 degrees, which is or of the degrees of the circle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 360 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The arc angle and the length of the arc are directly related. Since the arc 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angle is of the circle’s degrees, the arc length will be of the circle’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circumference. So arcABC 5 circumference. The general formula is: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 c 5 3 2pr, arc length 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 360 360 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 where n is the measure of the arc angle. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you cut up a circle into pie pieces, the pieces of the pie are called sectors. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 321 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You already know how to calculate the length of the arc of the sector; it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 depends on the measure of arc angle, ∠a. The area of the sector also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 depends on the arc angle. The formula for the area of a sector is A 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 pr . If you think about it, this formula makes sense. If ∠a is big, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 360 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sector would take up a large chunk of the pie. But if ∠a is small then the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sector would only take up a small sector of the pie. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the circumference of Circle T is 8p, what is the area of Circle S? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 4p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 9p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 16p 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 25p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 36p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a lot going on in the figure, but you need to focus on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information you have been given. Circle T has a circumference of 8p, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which means 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 C 5 2pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8p 5 2p x 1 2 ~ ! 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8p 2p~x 1 2! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2p 2p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 45x12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 2 2 5 x 1 2 2 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 Now you can find the area of Circle S, A 5 pr 5 p(2) 5 4p, choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 322 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
S D
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tangency is the last major circle concept to know. A tangent to a circle is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line that touches the circle at one point. The figure below gives an example 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of a tangent line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that the tangent line is perpendicular to the radius that shares a point 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with it. Keep that fact in mind, because you might just need it on test day. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Although many SAT-created categories have unwieldy and foreboding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 names, this one takes the cake. Yet the material covered under this heading 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is not as stiff as it sounds. When you look over a chart or graph in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 newspaper, you are conducting data analysis. If you keep track of how 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many miles per gallon your car consumes (on average), that’s statistics. As 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for probability, every student has pondered the question, “What is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probability that I could not study for this test and still get an excellent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 score?” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If that little pep speech didn’t get you fired up about this section, here’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something else that might cheer you. This is the last section of the level 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 math chapter. Stay diligent and soon you will have covered all the major 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 topics that might appear on the SAT. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Interpreting Data 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you go into a sandwich shop for the first time, you have to look at the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 menu to see what they offer and how much everything costs. Often, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 menu is a big board hung up somewhere behind the counter with all the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 items and prices. Glancing at it, you can quickly see that a small 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ham-and-Swiss is four bucks, and a chicken salad sandwich is four fifty. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You probably don’t think about it when you are ordering, but in looking at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the menu, finding what you want, seeing how much it costs, you have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 successfully read a table. The owners of the sandwich shop made the table 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (the menu up on the wall) to communicate their wares and prices, and you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 most likely had no problem correctly interpreting the table. That might not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sound like much of a skill, but it is one that the SAT thinks is important. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 323 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are a few basic rules to reading tables, graphs, and charts. First, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always read the title. If you are going to understand and interpret a graph 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly, you need to know what the graph is about. This is something that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people do regularly, but on a timed test, some people skip this step. It shaves 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 off a few seconds, but greatly increases the chances of making an error. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second, read the axes titles or the row and column headings, or whatever 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other descriptions there are of the material being presented. Ultimately, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to take a few seconds getting comfortable with what information is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 being presented. This way when you read the question about the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information, you will know what they are asking about, and also where to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 find the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The good news about these kinds of questions on the SAT is that all the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information you need to find the answer will be right in front of you in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 table, graph, or chart. Yes, you might have to do a little math to find the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer (you might have to do something like adding together the totals of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two columns), but the answer will most likely only be a few steps away from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what is right in front of you. Take a look at the graph and questions below: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The following two questions refer to the above graph. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. What month had the greatest decrease in the number of cars pro9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 duced compared to the previous month? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) February 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) March 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) April 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) May 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) June 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 324 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. How many cars were produced at the Franklin Plant in February and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 March? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 2,500 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 4,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 4,500 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 5,000 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 6,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The difficulty with the first question is untangling what it is asking. You are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparing each month with the previous month. Specifically, you are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparing the number of cars (not the percentage change). February and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 May were the only two months that were lower than the previous month. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Just by eyeballing the graph, you can see that May is the greatest decrease. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the second question, look to see how many cars were produced in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 February and March (2,000 and 2,500 respectively). Adding these together, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4,500 is the sum, choice (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Every graph, table, and chart you see on the SAT will present numerical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 data in a visual form. Regardless of how ordinary or strange it looks, that’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the fundamental purpose of this visual data. If you get a line graph like the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one in the car-production problem, the goal is to make sure you understand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what the question is asking, and then retrieve the necessary information 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from the graph. Harder problems might have stranger-looking graphs, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they might ask complicated questions about the information in the graphs, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but the basic strategy remains exactly the same. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. Determine what the question wants. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Look at the visual data to find the necessary information. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Chart reading is not rocket science. The more practice you get, the better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you will be at handling these questions. If you currently feel uncomfortable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 with visual data, get some practice! Your local librarian can recommend 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reference books filled with various charts, tables, and graphs. Many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 newspapers have charts, tables, and graphs sprinkled throughout them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Start reviewing those newspapers (you can increase your vocabulary skills 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the same time, if you recall.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Charts, tables, and graphs are everywhere. The next time you come across 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one, make up an SAT-like question about it on the spot. When you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 imitate the test and its questions, you will realize how knowledgeable about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT you have become. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 325 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Averages 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are four statistics words you will need to know for the SAT: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. average (arithmetic mean) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. median 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. mode 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. range 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you know these four terms, you’ll be good to go. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You’ll never see the first word, average, by itself on the SAT. The test writers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to make sure you know exactly what kind of average they are talking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about when they use the word, so it will appear as “average (arithmetic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mean).” Don’t let the stuff in the parentheses confuse you. What they mean 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by average is pretty simple, and it’s probably what you mean when you use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the word average. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The average (arithmetic mean) of a list of numbers is the sum of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers divided by the number of terms. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sum 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 average 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number of terms 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For instance, say you want to know the average (arithmetic mean) of your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test scores in American history. Your scores in this class are 90, 80, 82, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 78. First add them up to get the sum: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 90 1 80 1 82 1 78 5 330 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are four test scores, so divide the sum by four to get your average: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sum 330 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 average 5 5 5 82.5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number of terms 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your average (arithmetic mean) score is 82.5. It doesn’t matter that you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 never actually scored an 82.5. That’s the number produced by summing up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all the different tests and then dividing by the number of tests, so that’s the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 average. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Median and mode are less commonly used, so you will not have as much 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 experience working with them as you do with mean. Consider a set of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers, {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9, 3}. You find the median of this number set by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lining up the numbers from least to greatest {3, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10}. The median 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the number in the middle. Since there are seven numbers in the set, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fourth from the right, 5, is the middle number, and so it is the median. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 326 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 On a big highway, the strip of ground between the opposing lanes of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 traffic is called the median. Thinking of this median strip of ground, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 directly in the middle with equal lanes of traffic on both sides, is a good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way to remember the concept of a median. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What if there were one more number in the set, and the set was now {2, 3, 3, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4, 5, 8, 9, 10}? A set with an even number of numbers has no middle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number. This is where the mathematicians step in and say that the median is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the average (arithmetic mean) of the middle two numbers. In this case, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two middle numbers are 4 and 5, and their average is 4.5. Therefore, 4.5 is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the median of the second number set. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The mode is simply the number that occurs most often in a set. In our first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 set of numbers, {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9, 3}, 3 is the only number that occurs more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than once. That makes 3 the mode. If we modify the number set by taking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 away one of the 3’s then we have {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9}. There is no mode to this 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 set, since all the numbers occur just once. How about if we change the set 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 again by adding an 8 and a 4 {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9, 8, 4}? Now we have two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modes, 4 and 8, because both appear twice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The range doesn’t have any wrinkles like median and mode. It is always 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easy to calculate. The range is the difference between the greatest and least 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers of a set. The range of your American history test scores is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12, 90 2 78 5 12. The range of the number set we worked with above is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7, 10 2 3 5 7. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Statistics Recap 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arithmetic mean, sum of numbers divided by the number of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mean, or average terms in set 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 median middle number when set is lined up in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerical order 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mode number that appears most often in a set 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 range difference between the greatest and least 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values in a set 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 327 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. At the end of each day Tina turns in the number of projects she has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completed. On the different days of one week, Tina turned in 4, 6, 9, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14, and 4 projects. For this particular week, what is the difference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the average (arithmetic mean) number of projects Tina 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 completed and the median of projects Tina completed? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Cutting through all the words, {4, 6, 9, 14, 4} is the number set you are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 working with. The problem asks for the difference between the average and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the median of this number set, so first you have to find the average and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 median. The average is: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 1 6 1 9 1 14 1 4 37 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 average 5 5 5 7.4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the median, arrange the set from least to greatest, {4, 4, 6, 9, 14}, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pick the middle number, which is 6. The difference between these two is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7.4 2 6 5 1.4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Probability 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What are the chances? How likely is it? These questions are all questions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about probability. There is a simple definition for the probability of an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 event occurring, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number-of-was-event-can-occur 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probability-of-an-event 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number-of-possible-outcomes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Flipping a coin is a straightforward example. What is the probability of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 flipping a quarter and it landing heads? When you flip a coin there are two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possible outcomes, heads and tails. So the probability is or 0.5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s try a little more complicated scenario. If there are 18 boys and 22 girls 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in a class, what is the probability that if one student is picked at random it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will be a boy? Since there are 18 boys, there are 18 different ways that a boy 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could be picked at random. The total number of possible outcomes is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 total number of students, 18 1 22 5 40. So the probability of a boy being 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 picked is 5 5 0.45. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 40 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 That’s your basic probability problem. If you are in the easy portion of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Math section and you come across a probability problem, “odds are” the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question will be very straightforward. You’ll have to determine the total 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number of ways an event could occur, and then place this number over the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 328 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 total number of possible outcomes. However, if the probability question is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the medium to hard portion of a section, finding the correct answer won’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be as simple. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 More Probability 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Calculating the probability of multiple independent events is a little more 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 involved. Say you have to flip the coin a second time, and you need to know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the probability that it will land heads both times. The probability of the coin 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 landing heads both times is the product of the two individual probabilities 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the coin landing heads. The individual probabilities of the coin landing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 heads is , so the product of these individual probabilities is 3 5 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The multiple coin tosses is an example of the general rule of multi-event 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probability: the probability of multiple events occurring is the product of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the individual probabilities. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Probability problems can also involve geometry. For instance, take a look at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the figure below, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If a point is picked at random from the square, what is the probability that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it will be in the shaded region? Since the shaded region makes up of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 entire area, the probability the point would be in the shaded region is . The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same principles are involved in calculating the probability, but you are using 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 geometry to determine the number of ways an event can occur and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number of possible outcomes. Since there are four quadrants of equal size, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there are four possible outcomes, so the denominator of the probability is 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The numerator is 1 because there is only one shaded quadrant. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 329 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the figure above the circular wheel is divided into 8 equal sectors. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the wheel is spun twice at random, what is the probability that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 arrow will land on an even number and then a prime number? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since you have multiple events, you have to determine the probability of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 each event first. Then you can calculate the probability of both occurring. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What is the probability of landing on an even number? There are 4 even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers out of 8 numbers total, so the probability is 5 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What is the probability of landing on a prime number? To answer this, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to go way back to the beginning of this chapter and remember that a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prime number is a number divisible only by 1 and itself. 1 is not prime, but 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 is, so the number of prime numbers is 4 (2, 3, 5, and 7). This is the same as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for an even spin, 5 . The probability of both occurring is the product of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the two probabilities, 3 5 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a definite probability that you will encounter at least one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probability question on the SAT, but the chances are very slight that there 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will be many of them. Probability questions on the SAT are like an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important politician showing up at a public event: They always make an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appearance, but they never stay around for long. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 330 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Take It to the Next Level 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Fun with Symbols 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One of the more difficult kinds of problems that shows up year after year on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the SAT is the “Unfamiliar Symbol Problem.” The problem begins by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 defining some new symbol and then expects you to work with that symbol. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For instance, a problem might read: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For all integers, x, let *x* be defined as follows: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 *x* 5 2x if x is positive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 *x* 5 x if x is negative. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Given this definition of *x*, *22* 1 *3* 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Such symbol problems can be a little jarring, but remember, everything you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to know about the symbol to solve the problem has been given to you. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is always the case. Some students get freaked out because they think 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they’re already supposed to have some experience working with *x*, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nothing could be further from the truth. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Relax, take a second to comprehend the definition of the new symbol, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then simply follow directions. The definition of the Unfamiliar Symbol will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always tell you what you are supposed to do with the numbers given. In the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example above, the definition says that if you see a positive integer between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the stars, double it (*x* 5 2x if x is positive). If the integer between the stars 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is negative, square it (*x* 5 x if x is negative). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the actual computation, you have to add the two integers between the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 stars, 22 and 3. Since 22 is negative, square it, which is 4. Three is positive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so double it, which is 6. Now add up the new values. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 *22* 1 *3* 5 4 1 6 5 10. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 331
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When strange symbol problems appear on the test, there are usually two to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 four questions that pertain to them. That means understanding how a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 symbol works is important. When you see a weird symbol, take a little extra 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time to make sure you grasp it. You’ll get that time back in the end because 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it will take you less time to deal with each related problem if you really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 understand how the symbol works. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. Let it be defined that , a , b . stands for the set of all integers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between a and b, including a and b. For example, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , 2 , 5 . 5 { 2, 3, 4, 5 }. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If x is in , 3 , 7 . and y is in , 7 , 10 ., which of the following 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could be true? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I. x . y 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 II. x 5 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 III. x , y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 (A) III only 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) I and II only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) I and III only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) II and III only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) I, II, and III 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Questions with Roman numerals in them are very time-consuming, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because you have to solve for I, II, and III. Since you only get credit for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answering one question, always skip Roman numeral problems on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first pass. Do them on the second pass, and only after all regular 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems have been attempted. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First, read the definition of the symbol and look at the example. Once you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have it, look at the question. If x is in , 3 , 7 . , that means x must be 3, 4, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5, 6, or 7 because those are the numbers in that set. Likewise, y must be 7, 8, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9, or 10. Notice that x and y could both be 7, which means II could be true. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can take this fact and use it to eliminate any answer choices that do not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contain II in them. This eliminate of choices (A) and (C), so if you’re pressed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for time, you could guess and have a one-in-three shot. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since this section of the book is untimed, let’s keep going. You know x could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also be 3, 4, 5, or 6, less than the values in y, which means III could be true. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, the greatest possible value of x (7) is only equal to the least 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possible value of y (7), so Roman numeral I can’t be true. Choice (D) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 332 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Note
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sequences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Math sequences put things in order according to some rule, like when a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cheerleader shouts, “ Two! Four! Six ! Eight!” This person is urging her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 team on with a sequence of numbers starting at 2, with each following 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number increasing by 2. “Starting at 2 and increasing by 2” is the rule that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organizes that particular math sequence. Go team! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Other sequences have different rules that organize them. A sequence might 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 start at 1, with each succeeding term being halved. That sequence would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look like this: 1, , , , and so on. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 4 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Exponential series are a special kind of series. They are organized by a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular kind of rule. In exponential series there is a constant ratio 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between each consecutive term. That’s a bit heavy with the Math Speak, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 here’s an example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7, 21, 63, 189, 567, . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 The constant ratio between each term is 3, as each term is three times 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greater than the one that precedes it. Because of the constant ratio you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 write down an equation to describe this series as: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 2 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 3 3 , where n is the number of the term in the sequence. For the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 st 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equation, 7 is counted as the 1 term of the sequence, which means you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 2 1 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plug in n 5 0, and get 7 3 3 5 7 3 3 5 7 3 1 5 7. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Exponential series also go by the name geometric series. Both names 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 refer to the same thing, sort of like how Venus and Aphrodite refer to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same mythical person. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might wonder if the fractional series we looked at above: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1, , , . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 4 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is also an exponential series. It is. Each term is multiplied by to get the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 next term. So is the constant ratio. The equation for that exponential 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 n21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 . series is 13(2) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that the form of the equations for two the exponential series is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same: the first number in the series multiplied by a constant ratio 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 raised to the n 2 1 power. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 333 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That is how exponential series work. On the new SAT you might be asked 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to do more than just identify an exponential series. You might be asked to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 apply one to a real-life situation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. A restaurant starts the lunch hour with 8 gallons of broccoli cheese 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 soup. If by serving the soup to customers, the amount of broccoli 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 soup is halved every 15 minutes, how much soup, in gallons, is left 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 after an hour and a half? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 0.125 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 0.150 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 0.250 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 0.50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 1.00 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first task is to identify that this situation can be described with an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponential series. The tip is the halving of the amount every 15 minutes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That is the constant ratio of decrease. Every fifteen minutes the amount of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 soup is divided by two, which you could also describe as “multiplied by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one-half” since it means the same thing. The equation is: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 83 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here the n-term is not just a simple number, but you find it by dividing the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time elapsed by 15. Once you have the equation, the hard part is done. Just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plug an hour and a half into the equation, which is 90 minutes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 90 4 15 5 6. Now all that is left is a little calculator work: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 83 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 3 5 5 0.125 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 64 8 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nd rd th 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. The 2 , 3 , and 4 terms of a geometric sequence are b=3, 3b, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 th 3 respectively. What is the 8 term of this sequence? and 3b = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 18b 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 27b=3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 81b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 243=b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 334 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
SD
SD
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since this is a geometric series, it is multiplied by a constant ratio. You can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bet the farm that finding that ratio will help you solve this problem. To do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this, look at the difference between the second and third term and ask 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nd rd 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself, “What times b=3 gives 3b?” (These are the 2 and the 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terms, respectively.) The b stays the same, but =3 becomes a 3. This can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 happen if =3 is multiplied by =3, since ~=3!~=3! 5 3. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You now know the constant ratio is =3. Since the second term is b=3, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the first term must be b. This means the form of the sequence is b 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n21 th 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~=3! . To find the 8 term, plug in n 5 8 into the form of the 999 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sequence, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 2 1 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 3 ~=3! 5 b 3 ~=3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 37 2 5b33 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 b 3 32 3 32 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 b 3 3 3 = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 27b = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sets 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A set is just a collection of things. A set of crayons is a collection of crayons. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A set of dolls is a collection of dolls. Mathematicians like the notion of set. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 They like to organize and collect different math things together. And just as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there are lots of different kinds of sets in real life, there are also lots of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different kinds of sets in math. When you make a math set, you simply pick 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out the things that you want to collect together and call that your set. If you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to collect all the even numbers together, then call set M “the collection 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of all even numbers.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mathematicians have names for the things that are within sets. They are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 called members or elements. If set T is defined as {1, 7, 10}, 1, 7, and 10 are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the members or elements of set T. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 335 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are two basic concepts related to sets that the SAT will expect you to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be familiar with: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The union of sets 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The union of two sets is just the combination of two sets (you’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 uniting them). For instance, if set G is the set of all positive even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 integers, and set F is the set of all positive odd integers, the union of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F and G is all of the positive integers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The intersection of two sets 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is where two sets overlap, or share members. For example, if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 set M is {2, 3, 7, 9} and set N is {5, 7, 9}, the intersection of set M 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and set N is {7, 9} because they are the two members shared by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both sets. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. Set X is the integers 1 thru 5 inclusive, and set Y is the integers 6 thru 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 inclusive. Which of the following operations if performed on each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 member of set X would produce all the members of set Y? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) Divide each member by 1. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) Multiply each member by 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Multiply each member by 5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Subtract 5 from each member. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) Add 5 to each member. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You are performing an operation on each of the members of the set X, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which will result in the members of set Y. What can you do to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 end up with 6, 7, 8, 9, 10? If you don’t see it yet, look over the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices. If you add 5 to 1, you get 6, and if you add 5 to 2, you get 7. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looks promising, and if you keep going you will see the answer is choice (E). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Roots and Rational Exponents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT promises to have fractional exponents like x4, and also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23 negative exponents like z . These look pretty bizarre, but fractional and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative exponents follow simple rules. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s start with fractional power. Expressed mathematically, a fractional 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponent means: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 =d d 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Hopefully, many of you are math-savvy enough to understand what this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means. If not, keep in mind that this is an advanced topic, so if looking at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 336 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 y
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x = d 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y d hurts your head, don’t sweat it. Understanding basic radicals and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponents is all you need for the majority of the problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With a fractional exponent, the numerator gives you the power, while the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 denominator gives you the root. In the case of 7 , the 3 means that you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would take 7 to the third power (7 3 7 3 7 5 343). The 343 would then be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 5 =343. If you taken to the fourth root since the denominator is 4, so 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know the fourth root of 343 off the top of your head, good for you! You are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a MATH GENIUS, or a computer masquerading as a human. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You probably won’t have to actually solve a fractional exponent down to a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 single number, but you might be asked to simplify or do some computations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with similar fractional exponents. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Working with Funky-Looking Fractional Exponents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Adding and Subtracting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Just as with integer exponents, you can add and subtract numbers with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponents if they have the same base and are raised to the same power. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 1 b3 5 3b3 2b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Multiplying and Dividing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As long as the numbers have the same base, multiply and divide away. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 7 2 7 4 39 35 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 k5k2 5 k5 2 5 k10 10 5 k10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 3 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 c 24 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 5 c 5 c 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Negative exponents might seem like a strange idea, but they have a simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definition: x 5 . In the definition, you can see that when you take a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative power that is in the numerator, and you put it in the denominator, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the power becomes positive. This is an illustration of a general rule with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponents: when you take a term raised to a power from the numerator and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 put it in the denominator, or vice versa, you switch the sign of the power. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x a 2b a 2 b b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For instance, recall that in dividing exponents b 5 x x 5 x . When x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2b is taken from the denominator and put in the numerator, it becomes x . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 337 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 x
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
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If z24 5 81, then z2 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 C. 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D. 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E. 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is an excellent problem to plug in answer choices. To make sure you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know how to solve for z, here is the textbook approach: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z 5 81 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 81 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 4 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 81 3 z z 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 5 81z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 1 81z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 81 81 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 81 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 z 5 5 3 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 81 3 3 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second to last step is a bit intuitive. There’s no easy, direct way to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine the fourth root of a number. Instead, you have to dabble with 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 some small fractions, multiply them together four times, and see if you end 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up with what you need. In this case, turned out to be the fourth root of . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 81 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The question asked for z , which you can find easily enough: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 3 5 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 338 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. If xy 5 25 then x2 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The key to this problem is the difference between x and x2, which, of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 course, is that the second term is raised to the one-half power. But what does 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it mean for something to be raised to the one-half? Raising to the one-half is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same as taking the square root. So take the square root of x if you want 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 2 is, x 5 25 5 5. to find out what x = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Numbers and Operations is a big category, and we could take another 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pages to define and delineate even more terms. Thankfully, we won’t. What 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you have here are the basic terms and concepts that you will see throughout 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the new SAT. You might not see every advanced topic, but you can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 99.99% certain that you will encounter crucial topics like fractions, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 percents, exponents, and square roots. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So learn these terms! You’ll see them on numbers and operations questions, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as well as on other problems involving geometric figures, bar graphs, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 algebraic equations. Speaking of algebra . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Radical Equations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A radical equation does not describe political revolution. It is just an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equation that has a radical sign in it. You solve these equations the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way you would solve any equation, but you have to work with the radical. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If 3 x 1 11 5 20, what is x ? 6. = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 O O O O 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 339 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 /
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first order of business is figuring out what x is. Time once again to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 manipulate an equation to find a numerical value for a variable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 x 1 11 5 20 = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3=x 1 11 2 11 5 20 2 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3=x 5 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3=x 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 =x 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x59 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second to last step, where both sides are squared, is a key idea to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remember. With a radical equation, you want to isolate the segment under 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the radical on one side of the equation and have everything else on the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side. You can then square both sides to eliminate the radical. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 If x59 then x 5 81, so this is the value to grid in. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Radical equations look daunting to students who are uncomfortable with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 radicals and manipulating equations. Since you have just reviewed both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 radicals and equations, these problems should not make you anxious. It is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yet another example of how understanding the basic set-up of the math 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems goes a long way in helping you answer them correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Direct and Inverse Proportion 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s a statement most people would agree with: The more someone bugs 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you, the more annoyed you get. If they bother you a lot, you get really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 annoyed, and if they bother you only a little bit, you’re only a little annoyed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Anyone who has a brother or sister will probably agree with these facts. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mathematicians go one step further and use the term direct proportion to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describe this. Mathematicians do this because they like to be precise, and it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 allows them to show off and use a formula: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 kx 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this formula, y is your irritation, x is the amount you’re being pestered, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and k is a constant factor that makes sure that all the units and values work 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 340 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out right. The constant k stays the same, but as x increases, y increases. If x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decreases, then y decreases. In other words, when one value decreases the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other value decreases by a constant (k) amount. The equation y 5 kx shows 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 direct proportion between x and y. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Inverse proportion is the opposite of direct proportion. With inverse 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proportion, when one value increases, the other value decreases (and vice 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 versa). For example, the amount of gasoline in a car’s gas tank is inversely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proportional to the number if miles driven on that tank of gas. If you fill up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the gas tank completely, then you have a lot of gas but have not driven at all. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As the amount of driving increases, the amount of gas in your tank 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 k 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decreases. This is shown mathematically as y 5 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Again k is a constant. As y increases, x must decrease for the equality to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remain true, and as y decreases x must increase for the equality to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remain true. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can plug in some numbers for x and y to help see this. Start with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 k 5 1 and x 5 2. You can see this makes y 5 . Now increase x so that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 4. What new fraction does this make y, and is the new fraction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greater or smaller than one-half? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Given the above table, which of the following could model the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relationship between x and y? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) y 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) y 5 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) y 5 3x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 4 5 yx 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 341 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First determine whether the relationship is direct or inverse. As x increases, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y increases, so the relationship is directly proportional. This means you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cross out (A), (B), and (E), since these are all inverse relationships. You have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only two choices remaining, (C) and (D), so take values from the table and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plug them in to one of the answer choices. If they work, that’s your answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If not, there’s only one choice left, so pick it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Looking at the table, 2 times 3 is 6, 3 times 3 is 9, 4 times 3 is 12, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 times 3 is 15. Thus k 5 3, which is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Direct and inverse proportions can be shown using variables and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formulas, which is why they fall under the category of algebra. A good first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 step on these questions is to ask, “Is this an inverse or a direct proportion?” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you decide that, you can jot down the appropriate formula 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 k 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 kx or y 5 and start looking for numerical values to replace 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the variables. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Domain and Range 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are two concepts related to functions that need to be covered, domain 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and range. In Math Speak, the domain of a function is the set of values over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which the function is defined. Translated into English, the domain of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function is all the values of x where the function makes sense. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The next million-dollar question is, “What does it take for a function to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make sense?” An example might be more helpful than another Math Speak 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definition, so here is a situation in which a mathematician would say a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function doesn’t make much sense at all. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If f is defined by f ~x! 5 , what is the value of f(x) when x 5 2? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 5 5 . As you might If you replace all the x’s with 2’s, you get f ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 222 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recall from algebra class, any fraction with a zero in the denominator is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 undefined. In other words, when you put the number 2 into this function, it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t make any sense. The answer you get back is not defined. This means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 that the domain of this function does not include 2. Are there any other 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values for x that this function is not defined for? Nope. So the domain of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this function is, “All values for x except 2.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lets take two more functions, f(x) 5 x2 1 x and f ~x! 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x. What is the x22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 domain of these two functions? For the first one, you can input any value of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x and the function will spit out a number. That means the domain is all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 342 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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D
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values of x. How about the second function? You might suspect that there is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a value of x where the denominator would equal zero, but can you find it? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No, because there isn’t one. Again the domain is all values of x. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The range of a function is all the values that the function can produce, or all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the values that the function can spit out. Suppose f is defined by f(x) 5 x . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 No matter what value for x you put into the function, it will never spit out 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anything negative. The squared x means that the least value that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function will equal is zero (when x 5 0). So the range of this function is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from zero to as far as you want to go in the positive direction. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. If f is defined by f(x) 5 2x4 1 4, which of the following is not in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 range of f? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) None of the above. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The way to approach the problem without a graph is to think about the func9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion term by term. The term 2x means that whatever positive or negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value you put into the equation, this part of the expression will be negative. So 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it is easy to see how the function could equal (A) or (B). How about (C), 0? Yes, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when x 5 4 the function will equal zero. Choice (D), though, looks like it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might be out of the range. The plus 4 is the only positive contribution to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value of the function. So the function’s greatest value is 4 (when 2x 5 0). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thus 5 is out of the range of the function, so the answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sketching the function on an xy-axis is another way to approach this problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 A rough sketch is all that is needed. The x term means that the graph will have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a parabola like x2 would, only the parabola will be steeper in the x4. Notice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 that there is a negative in front of the x so the parabola will be upside down. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The plus 4 part of the function means that when x 5 0 the function equals 4, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so the function must “crest” at four. Here is a rough sketch of this 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 343 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
X-Ref
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 From the sketch you can see that the function never gets higher than 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D), 5, then is out of the range of the function. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When solving the problem using the graph method, the values of f(x) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corresponded to the values along the y-axis. If you graph a function, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values along the x-axis correspond to the x values in the function, and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 values along the y-axis correspond to the values of f(x). Since x corresponds 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the x-axis and f(x) to the y-axis, you can look at a graph of a function 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and read off the domain and the range. For instance, consider the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following graphs of functions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Look at the graph on the left. The domain is all the possible values along the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x-axis, and the range is all the possible values along the y-axis. Nothing’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 excluded here. The graph on the right tells a different story. Here, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 domain is all the possible values along the x-axis, but the range is just the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 positive values of the y-axis. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Notice that the graphed function above on the left is written as f(x) 5 x 1 1. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It could also be written y 5 x 1 1 because on a graph f(x) 5 y. This function 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is a linear function because it is a line, as you can see. Linear functions can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always be put into the y 5 mx 1 b form. If you see a function in that form, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you know that its graph is a line. Viewed from the other direction, if you see 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a graph of a line, you know that the function it graphs can take the form 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 mx 1 b. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All graphs on the SAT, though, aren’t linear. Some look like the graph above 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the right, which is the graph of a quadratic function. The graph of this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quadratic will be a parabola instead of a straight line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To refresh your memory about quadratics and equations with squared 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 terms like x in it, look back on page 284. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 344 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. Which of the following is not the graph of a function? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember the cardinal rule about functions: only one y value for every x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value. Use the “vertical line test” to see if a graph meets this rule: If you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 draw a vertical line through a graph that intersects the graph more than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 once, then there is more than one y value for an x value. If the vertical line 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intersects the graph twice, there are two y values for one x value, so it could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not be a function. Which of the answer choices fails the vertical line test? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is the impostor function. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following functions is graphed above? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) f(x) 5 |x 2 1| 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) f(x) 5 x 2 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) f(x) 5 x 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) f(x) 5 |x 2 1| 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 |x2 2 2| 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) f ~x! 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 346 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Take a second to examine the graph before getting to the functions. There 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are three important features to notice: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. The graph is curved, so the function must be a quadratic. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The graph is always positive, which suggests that there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probably some absolute value signs involved, or everything is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 squared. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. f(x) 5 0 at 21 and 1. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Point 1 eliminates choice (A), since it is a linear function (x is not squared). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choices (B) and (C) can be negative (e.g. x 5 0), which violates Point 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E) does not meet Point 3. Choice (D) is all that’s left, so (D) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Multiple Figure Problems 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One way that the SAT makes geometry problems harder is by piling on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 figures. The usual story is that they will give you two or three figures, tell 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you something about one of the figures, and ask about a feature of one of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the other figures. The key to such problems is that the figures have some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kind of relationship, perhaps they share a side, or the diameter of one is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagonal of another. Figuring out this relationship is critical, because it will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unlock how to use the given information to find the answer. So when you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see a multiple-figure problem, always ask, “What is the relationship 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between these two figures?” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the above figure, A and B are the centers of the two circles. If the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 area of each circle is 9p, what is the perimeter of the rectangle? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 36 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 45 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 18p 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 347 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 What is the relationship between the figures? Here’s what you know. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. First, the circles are congruent because they have the same area. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. You can see that AB is a radii of both circles. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The diameter of the circles is the width of the rectangle, and the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 length of the circle is three radii. So length 5 3r and width 5 2r. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That last point is the toughest to see, but if you take a pencil and start 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drawing radii, you will see that it is true. Now all you need to do is find the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 value of r, and you can determine the length and width of the rectangle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the area of the circles is 9p, the radius is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9p 5 pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9p pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 p p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 95r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 35r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That means the width of the rectangle is 6 (2r), and the length is 9 (3r). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Placing these values into the perimeter formula for a rectangle gets you: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 P 5 2w 1 2l 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 P 5 ~2!~6! 1 ~2!~9! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 P 5 12 1 18 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 P 5 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are so many possible figure combinations (circle-triangle, rectangle9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parallelogram, and so forth), that it would take too much time to go 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through every one of them. It would also be unnecessary, since the key to all 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 combinations remains the same regardless of what figures are used. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to figure out the relationship between the two figures—what common 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sides, angles, or points they share—and then use that knowledge to bridge 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the gap from what is given to you in the problem and what is being 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 asked for. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 348 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Coordinate Geometry 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Unless you slept all the way through algebra I, geometry, and algebra II, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are familiar with the coordinate plane. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The coordinate plane is made up of two number lines. One runs up and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 down and is called the y-axis. The other runs right to left and is called the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x-axis. The nice thing about the coordinate plane is that you can precisely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 locate everything on it. Every point on the plane has two coordinates, an x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one and a y one. The x-coordinate tells you where along the x-axis the point 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is, and the y-coordinate tells you where along the y-axis the point is. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 notation looks like this (x,y). So, (4,22), for example, means 4 along the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x-axis and 22 along the y-axis. The coordinate plane below has that point 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graphed on it and also (0,2). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 On a coordinate plane, all x values left of the y-axis are negative, while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all x values to the right of the y-axis are positive. All y values below the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x-axis are negative, while the y values above the x-axis are positive. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 349 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If a line were drawn between those two points, what would the slope of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line be like? It would lower moderately, going from left to right (and left to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right is the direction you should always be going when using a coordinate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plane). There is a mathematical definition for slope that is more precise than 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 our eyeball description. The slope is the change in the y divided by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change in x, also called “the rise over the run.” To find the slope, you need 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 any two points along the line. For our line, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change-in-y y2 2 y1 2 2 ~22! 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 slope 5 5 5 5 5 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change-in-x x 2 x 2 4 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The slope is negative because the line goes down from left to right. Lines 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that go up from left to right have a positive slope. The 1 in the slope means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that it changes one in the y-direction for every one it changes in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x-direction. Putting it another way, it rises one (or falls one in this case) for 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 every one that it runs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When you are calculating the change in x and y, it doesn’t matter which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 point you make (x1,y1) or (x2,y2). Just be consistent with your choice in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerator and denominator. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Slope is an important element when graphing linear equations. There is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basic form for all linear equations that looks like y 5 mx 1 b. In this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 format: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. the slope is m, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. b is the y-intercept, or the point where the line passes through the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x-axis, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. the x and y values are for any point along that line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you start out with a linear equation like 22x 5 y 1 3 and rewrite it in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 above form, you can then read off the properties of that line much easier. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22x 5 y 1 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22x 2 3 5 y 1 3 2 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22x 2 3 5 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 22x 2 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The slope of the line is m (the coefficient of the x-term), which in this case is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22. The y-intercept is 23, so the point where this line crosses the y-axis is at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (0, 23). Since you have a point and the slope, you can graph the line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 350 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The line passes through the y-intercept at (0,23). The slope is 22, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 translates to a “fall” of two for every “run” of one. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Let’s try a problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Which of the following is the equation for the line graphed above? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) x 5 2y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 2x 5 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) x 5 y 2 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) x 5 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) None of the above. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can place each of these equations into the form y 5 mx 1 b, but first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 look at the diagram and think about the line. What is the y-intercept? The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line passes through the origin, the center of the coordinate grid at (0,0). This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes the y-intercept zero. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 351 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Onto the slope. It rises one for every one that it runs, and it is going up from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 left to right, so the slope is 1. In y 5 mx 1 b form this equation looks like 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this, y 5 (1)x 1 0, which simplifies to y 5 1x or x 5 y, the same as (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The SAT will put any number of geometrical figures onto a coordinate plane 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and expect you to use both geometry and the coordinate plane to solve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems. Usually some significant part of a figure, like a side length, or the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 radius of a circle, will be discernable from the coordinate plane. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Recognizing what the coordinate plane tells you about the figure is often a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 key to solving the problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How many diagonals can be drawn with a positive slope in hexagon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ABCDEF? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) None 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) One 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) Two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) Three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) Four 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Diagonals are lines that originate and terminate at the points of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hexagon. Start with point A and picture all the diagonals that could be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 created. AC, AD, and AE all have a positive slope. (The slope of AF is zero, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which is not positive.) That’s three diagonals with a positive slope. For 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 point B, BD is positive, but BE will have a slope of zero since the y-value for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both points is 5. BC isn’t a diagonal because it is one of the figure’s sides. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 None of the other points can generate a new diagonal. The total is four, so 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 352 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
X-Ref
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Graphs 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Remember functions? Well, the SAT has come to think that the graphs of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 functions are important, so you need to know something about them and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how they work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Inspect the graph of f(x) above. How many times on the portion of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graph shown does f(x) 5 3? Remember that on graphs f(x) means y. The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question is really asking, “How many different times does y 5 3 on the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 graph?” The easiest way to see the answer is to draw the line y 5 3, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 How many times does the y 53 line intersect with the graph? 4 times. That 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is how many times f(x) 5 3 on the graph shown. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the previous problem you were given a graph of a function, and you had 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to answer a question about its behavior. The new SAT will expect you to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 able to do this sort of reasoning with graphed functions. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The new SAT will also expect you to be able to work with simple 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 transformations of functions and their graphs. That sounds intimidating, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but don’t run for cover yet. A transformation of a function is going from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f(x) to say f(x 1 3). This just means that instead of putting x into the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you want a quick review of functions, turn back to page 298 in this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 chapter. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 353 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function, you are putting x 1 3 into the equation. That is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 x 1 then: . transformation of the function. For example, if f ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 3 5 x 1 3 1 f ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~x 1 3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Function transformations also involve the graph of a function. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~x! 5 2 x 2 2 then the graph of f(x) is (notice that the function is in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 mx 1 b form) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 But what if f(x) were transformed to f(x 1 2)? First, replace all the x’s with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 2, and you get f(x 1 2) 5 2 (x 1 2) 2 2, which simplifies to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f x 1 2 5 2 x 2 . ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The transformed function is still a line with the same slope but with a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 different y-intercept, b 5 2 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There are many steps to these transformation problems, and they involve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 healthy doses of geometry, algebra, and functions. If you can answer these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions with little problem, then it is a very good sign that you understand 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these basic math principles, and can apply them on easy, medium, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard problems. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 354 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the function graphed above is f(x) 5 x , which of the following is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the graph of f(x 2 1)? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 355 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might not be too comfortable with x3, but this function works like all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 others. The first thing to notice about the transformation is that it won’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change the basic shape of the original function. In the transformed function, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (x 2 1) is being cubed instead of x, but (x 2 1) for different values of x is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 still just a number being cubed. That means the shape of the transformed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 function is the same. With this information you can cross out choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That leaves four answers. The 21 term just shifts the graph over 1. Answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices (A), (B), (C), and (D) shift the graph over 1, so the question 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 becomes, “Which shift is the right one?” To see which one is correct, when 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does f(x 2 1) 5 0? When x 5 1, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f x 2 1 5 1 2 1 5 0 ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So when x 5 1, f(x 2 1). 5 0 That matters because f(x 21) 5 y in this case. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For which graph does y 5 0 when x 5 1? Stated in coordinate grid terms, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which graph has point (0,1)? Only choice (B) contains this point, so it is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you do decide to answer a transformation function problem, save it for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the second pass since these problems take time even when you know exactly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what you’re doing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3-D Geometry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You won’t get a pair of those cool glasses to see figures jump off the page, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 harder geometry problems will involve the third dimension. Fortunately, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there are only a few 3-D figures the SAT will expect you to work with. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first is the rectangular solid. It is the three-dimensional version of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rectangle, which means that all of its sides are rectangles. Also, like the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rectangle, faces of a rectangular solid opposite each other are identical. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 356 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Recall how the rectangle and square are related. The rectangular solid and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the cube are related in a similar fashion. The cube is a special kind of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rectangular solid, namely the kind whose width, height, and length are all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is one more 3-D figure to inspect, the cylinder. Think of the cylinder 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as a bunch of circles stacked up on top of each other. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thinking of a cylinder as a bunch of stacked circles provides more than a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good visual. It also gets your brain thinking of 3-D figures as multiple 2-D 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 figures welded together in some way. The best approach to many 3-D figure 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems is to treat them like multiple-figure problems. A rectangular solid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is composed of six rectangular faces, but it also has triangles throughout its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interior. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 357 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using these undrawn but present 2-D figures can be the key to answering a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem like the one below. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the figure above, what is the shortest distance from B to F? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A. =14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B. =74 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 C. 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 D. =102 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 E. 14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The line BF is definitely the shortest route from B to F? The problem is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 figuring out how long BF is. To find this distance, you need to “uncover” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the triangle BFH. This triangle is not drawn out for you in the diagram, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 you can sketch it yourself or just imagine it. Line BF is the hypotenuse of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right triangle BFH. If we find the two other sides of that triangle, then we 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can find BF. You know BH equals 7 since this is the height of the solid. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can find HF by looking at the bottom rectangle: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 H 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 G 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 E 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 358 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 HF is the hypotenuse of the 3-4-5 triangle, so it is 5. Now you can try to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 find BF, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F H 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You should not be surprised that a 3-4-5 right triangle just happens to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appear in a place where you can use it. That sort of “coincidence” is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what the SAT Math section is all about. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 BF is the hypotenuse of this triangle. Using the Pythagorean theorem, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c 5 a 1 b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 BF!2 5 ~HF!2 1 ~BH!2 ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 BF! 5 5 1 7 ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~BF! 5 25 1 49 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 ~BF! 5 74 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 BF 5 =74 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you see a cube in a problem, don’t see only the six squares that form its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 faces. Imagine all the other geometric forms that can be easily created. For 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 example, drawing a diagonal on a face of the cube creates two 45-45-90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangles. The key to answering a 3-D geometry problem often lies in finding 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these hidden figures. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Averages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is another kind of average; it involves a conceptual wrinkle. It is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 called a weighted average. Consider the example below to see how a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weighted average differs from a straightforward average. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In a group of 12 adults, 7 are 25 years old, and 5 are 32 years old. What is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the average (arithmetic mean) of these 12 adults? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 359 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the averages you worked previously, you were given a number set. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 added up the numbers and then divided by the number of numbers in the set. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here you are only given two numbers, 25 and 32, but the average is not just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 32 1 25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because there are more 25-year-olds than 32-year-olds. In this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sense, 25 should have a greater weight in the average of the two numbers. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can give it the greater weight a few different ways, but the most 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straightforward is to multiply each age by the number at that age, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 divide by the entire number of the group: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7~25! 1 5~32! 175 1 160 335 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 average 5 5 5 ' 27.92 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 12 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The age 25 was weighted more than the age 32 because there were more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25-year-olds than 32-year-olds. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can still think of this weighted average as a regular average. You just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 took the average of the set {25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32}. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Matrices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The word matrix probably conjures up images of a black-suited Keanu 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reeves and a scowling Lawrence Fishburne. Put those images aside for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 moment. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Matrices are queer little math entities that have some interesting applica9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions if you are into quantum mechanics. But you don’t need to worry about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that for the SAT. You will need to be able to identify a matrix and then find 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 its determinant. Sounds difficult, but it isn’t. As for identifying a matrix, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they look like this: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c d 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The determinant of the above matrix looks like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determinant 5 ad 2 bc 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c d 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t worry about what the determinant is, just make sure you understand 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how to calculate it. If the illustration is not clear, remember ad 2 bc just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means a times d minus b times c. So if you are asked to find the determinant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 just calculate ad 2 bc, the product of one diagonal minus the product of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other diagonal. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 360 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. If D 5 , what is the determinant of D? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 26 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 16 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 20 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 38 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 44 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The determinant is ad 2 bc, which in this case is (2)(7) 2 (5)(26) 5 14 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (230) 5 44. You see, all this talk of determinants and matrices sounds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complicated, but actually calculating the determinant is pretty simple. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 WHEW! Your brain should be full of numbers, rules, terms, and definitions. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You could put the book down, go outside, and congratulate yourself for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gaining a ton of knowledge or you could continue with some more word 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems that will help you tackle the new SAT. If you want to tackle some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more . . . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Speed (Rate of Motion) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT speed problems are a bit overrated in terms of their difficulty. They all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 involve the same familiar formula: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distance 5 rate 3 time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 An easier speed problem will involve a single distance, rate, and time. A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tougher speed problem might involve different rates, either: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Two different times over the same distance, or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Two different distances covered in the same time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In either type, apply the basic speed formula to each of the two events, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solve for the missing information by algebraic substitution. Use the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 approach for any of the following: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • One object making two separate “legs” of a trip—either in the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 direction or as a round trip 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Two objects moving in the same direction 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 • Two objects moving in opposite directions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 361 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Take It to the Next Level
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here are two examples, each involving one of the first two scenarios: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. Janice left her home at 11:00 a.m., traveling along Route 1 at 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mph. At 1:00 p.m., her brother Richard left home and started after 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her on the same road at 45 mph. At what time did Richard catch up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to Janice? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 2:45 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 3:00 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 3:30 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 4:15 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 5:00 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (E). Notice the distance Janice covered is equal to that of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Richard—that is, distance is constant. Letting x equal Janice’s time, you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 express Richard’s time as x 2 2. Substitute these values for time and the values 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for rate given in the problem into the speed formula for Richard and Janice: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Formula: rate 3 time 5 distance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Janice: (30)(x) 5 30x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Richard: (45)(x 2 2) 5 45x 2 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Because the distance is constant, you can equate Janice’s distance to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Richard’s, then solve for x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30x 5 45x 2 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15x 5 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Janice had traveled six hours when Richard caught up with her. Because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Janice left at 11:00 a.m., Richard caught up with her at 5:00 p.m. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. How far in kilometers can Scott drive into the country if he drives 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out at 40 kilometers per hour (kph), returns over the same road at 30 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kph, and spends 8 hours away from home, including a 1-hour stop 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for lunch? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is 120. Scott’s actual driving time is 7 hours, which you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must divide into two parts: his time spent driving into the country and his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time spent returning. Letting the first part equal x, the return time is what 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remains of the 7 hours, or 7 2 x. Substitute these expressions into the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 motion formula for each of the two parts of Scott’s journey: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Formula: rate 3 time 5 distance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Going: (40)(x) 5 40x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Returning: (30)(7 2 x) 5 210 2 30x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 362 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Because the journey is round trip, the distance going equals the distance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 returning. Simply equate the two algebraic expressions, then solve for x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 40x 5 210 2 30x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 70x 5 210 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x53 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Scott traveled 40 mph for 3 hours, so he traveled 120 miles. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Regardless of the type of motion problem you’re solving you should always 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 start with the same task: set up two distinct equations patterned after the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simple motion formula (r 3 t 5 d). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rates of Work 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Work problems involve one or more “workers” (people or machines) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accomplishing a task. In work problems, there’s an inverse relationship 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the number of workers and the time that it takes to complete the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 job—in other words, the more workers, the quicker the job gets done. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s the basic formula for solving a work problem: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this formula, x and y represent the time needed for each of two workers, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x and y, to complete the job alone (individually), and A represents the time 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it takes for both x and y to complete the job working in the aggregate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (together). So, each fraction represents the portion of the job completed by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a worker. The sum of the two fractions must be 1, if the job is completed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Regardless of which rate—individual or aggregate—you need to determine, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a typical SAT work problem is a “no-brainer” if you know the formula. Just 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plug in what you know and solve for the unknown variable. The only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 curveball the SAT might throw at you is where one worker operates 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 counter-productively to the other. You handle this scenario by subtracting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one fraction from the other instead of adding them together—as in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 following example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 363 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. A certain tank holds a maximum of 450 cubic meters of water. If a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hose can fill the tank at a rate of 5 cubic meters per minute, but the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tank has a hole through which a constant cubic meter of water 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 escapes every two minutes, how long does it take to fill the tank to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 its maximum capacity? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 81 minutes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 90 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 100 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 112 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 125 minutes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (C). In this problem, the hole (which is the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “worker”) is acting counter-productively, so you must subtract its rate from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the hose’s rate to determine the aggregate rate of the hose and the hole. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hose alone takes 90 minutes to fill the tank. The hole alone empties a full 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tank in 900 minutes. Plug these values into our slightly modified formula, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then solve for A: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 90 900 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10A A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 900 900 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10A 2 A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 900 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 900 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9A 5 900 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It takes 100 minutes to fill the tank to its maximum capacity. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 364 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mixtures 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In SAT mixture problems, you combine substances with different character9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 istics, resulting in a particular mixture or proportion, usually expressed as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 percentages. Substances are measured and mixed by either volume or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weight—but not by number (quantity). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. How many quarts of pure alcohol must you add to 15 quarts of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solution that is 40% alcohol to strengthen it to a solution that is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 50% alcohol? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) 2.5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) 3.0 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) 3.25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) 3.5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) 4.0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (B). The original amount of alcohol is 40% of 15. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Letting x equal the number of quarts of alcohol that you must add to achieve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 50% alcohol solution, .4(15) 1 x equals the amount of alcohol in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solution after adding more alcohol. You can express this amount as 50% of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (15 1 x). Thus, you can express the mixture algebraically as follows: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (.4)(15) 1 x 5 (.5)(15 1 x) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 1 x 5 7.5 1 .5x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 .5x 5 1.5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You must add 3 quarts of alcohol to obtain a 50% alcohol solution. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Ages 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Age problems ask you to compare ages of two or more people at different 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 points in time. In solving age problems, you might have to represent a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 person’s age at the present time, several years from now, or several years 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ago. Any age problem allows you to set up equations to relate the ages of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two or more people, as in the following example: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. Fred’s age is twice what Geri’s age was 8 years ago, and Holly’s age 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is five years greater than Geri’s age will be 1 year from now. If the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 total age of Fred, Geri, and Holly is 50, what is Fred’s age in years? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 365 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part III: Reviewing the Sections
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is 14. Fred’s age can be expressed in terms of Geri’s, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Geri’s age can be expressed in terms of Holly’s: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F 5 2(G 2 8) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 H5G16 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Given that the total age of F, G, and H is 50, substitute these two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expressions for F and G in the equation F 1 G 1 H 5 50, then solve for G: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2~G 2 8! 1 G 1 (G 1 6) 5 50 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2G 2 16 1 G 1G 16 5 50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4G 2 10 5 50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4G 5 60 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 G 5 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To find F, substitute 15 for G in the equation F 5 2(G 2 8): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F 5 2(15 2 8) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 F 5 14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Interest on Investment 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tougher SAT investment problems usually involve interest and require more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than simply calculating interest earned on a given principal amount at a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given rate. They usually call for you to set up and solve an algebraic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equation. When handling these problems, it’s best to eliminate percent signs 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (or multiply by 100 to eliminate decimals). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. Dr. Kramer plans to invest $20,000 in an account paying 6% interest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 annually. How much more must she invest at the same time at 3% so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that her total annual income during the first year is 4% of her entire 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 investment? 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) $32,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) $36,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) $40,000 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) $47,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) $49,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 366 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Chapter 7: Math Section—Enough Said
Take It to the Next Level
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The correct answer is (C). Letting x equal the amount invested at 3%, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can express Dr. Kramer’s total investment as 20,000 1 x. The interest on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 $20,000 plus the interest on the additional investment equals the total 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interest from both investments. You can state this algebraically as follows: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 .06(20,000) 1 .03x 5 .04(20,000 1 x) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Multiply all terms by 100 to eliminate decimals, then solve for x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6(20,000) 1 3x 5 4(20,000 1 x) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 120,000 1 3x 5 80,000 1 4x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 40,000 5 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 She must invest $40,000 at 3% for her total annual income to be 4% of her 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 total investment ($60,000). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In solving SAT investment problems, by all means size up the question to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make sure your calculated answer appears to be in the right ballpark. But 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t rely on your intuition to derive a precise solution. Interest problems 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can be misleading. For instance, you might have guessed that Dr. Kramer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would need to invest more than twice as much at 3% than at 6% to lower 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the overall interest rate to 4%. Not true! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now that you have the information you need to succeed, all that remains is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to get some practice answering SAT-like questions in a timed format. That’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what the next three chapters of this book are for. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 367 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part
IV Taking Three Practice Tests Chapter 8: Preface to the Practice Tests Practice Test 1 373 Answers and Explanations
419
Practice Test 2 455 Answers and Explanations
499
Practice Test 3 537 Answers and Explanations
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Chapter 9: A Final Word—Whew
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PART IV
Chapter
8 Preface to the Practice Tests 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The three practice tests in this book should be used to “test“-drive the new 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strategies and ideas you’ve learned. It’s important that you don’t just jump 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to these questions and start answering them before reading all that came 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before. To truly maximize your score, you should approach these tests with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the attitude that you will use them to try out the various points and ideas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 covered in the earlier chapters of this book. Doing this will help you absorb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the material discussed and make you a better SAT test-taker. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Make sure you take only one test at a time, and then look over the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explanations to the answers. Everyone will want to read the explanations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the questions that they miss, but it’s also a good idea to look at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers for the other questions as well. The explanations can give you ideas 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about different ways to approach a problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Do your best, and remember that the goal is to learn something from every 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 missed question, and even from some that you answered correctly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 370
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For Questions 1–13: Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored. You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.
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Practice Test
1 Section 1 20 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 outside knowledge to answer the questions—all the material you will need will be in the passage 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. In this passage, musical notes are used Musical notes, like all sounds, are a result of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 primarily to the sound waves created by movement, like the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rush of air through a trumpet. Musical notes 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) illustrate the difference between 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are very regular sound waves. The qualities of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 human-produced and nonhuman34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 these waves—how much they displace mol34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 produced sound. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ecules, and how often they do so—give the note (B) demonstrate the difference between 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 its particular sound. How much a sound wave musical sound and all other sound. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 displaces molecules affects the volume of the (C) provide an example of sound 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 note. How frequently a sound wave reaches 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 properties common to all sound. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 your ear determines whether the note is high7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) convey the difference between 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 or low-pitched. When scientists describe how 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 musical pitch and frequency pitch. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 high or low a sound is, they use a numerical 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) explain the connection between 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measurement of its frequency, such as “440 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 number and letter names for sounds. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 vibrations per second,” rather than the letters 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 musicians use. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 373
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. The passage cites Walker’s interaction 2. All of the following are true statements 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with Langston Hughes as about pitch, according to the passage, 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 EXCEPT: (A) instrumental in her early work being 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 published. (A) Nonmusical sounds cannot be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) influential in her decision to study at referred to in terms of pitch. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Northwestern University. (B) Pitch is solely determined by the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) not as important at the time it frequency of the sound wave. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 happened as it is now, due to (C) Pitch is closely related to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Hughes’ fame. vibration of molecules. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) a great encouragement for Walker’s (D) Pitch cannot be accurately described 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 confidence as a poet. with letter names. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) important to her choice to study at (E) Humans’ perception of pitch is not 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 New Orleans University. affected by the intensity of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sound wave. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. The passage suggests that Walker’s 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Line Margaret Walker, who would become decision to become a poet 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 one of the most important twentieth7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) occurred before she entered college. century African-American poets, was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) was primarily a result of her interacborn in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1915. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(5) tion with Hughes. Her parents, a minister and a music 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) was not surprising, given her teacher, encouraged her to read poetry 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 upbringing. and philosophy even as a child. Walker 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) occurred after her transfer to completed her high school education at 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Northwestern University. Gilbert Academy in New Orleans and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(10) (E) was sudden and immediately went on to attend New Orleans Univer7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 successful. sity for two years. It was then that the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important Harlem Renaissance poet 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Langston Hughes recognized her talent Questions 5–10 are based on the following 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and persuaded her to continue her passage. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(15) education in the North. She transferred 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line F. Scott Fitzgerald was a prominent 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to Northwestern University in Illinois, 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 American writer of the twentieth century. 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 where she received a degree in English in 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 This passage comes from one of his short 7 7 1935. Her poem, “For My People,” 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 stories and tells the story of a young John 7 which would remain one of her most 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1(20) Unger leaving home for boarding school. 7 (5) important works, was also her first 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 John T. Unger came from a family 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 publication, appearing in Poetry maga7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that had been well known in Hades—a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 zine in 1937. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 small town on the Mississippi River—for 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 several generations. John’s father had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 held the amateur golf championship (10) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 through many a heated contest; Mrs. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Unger was known “from hot-box to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hot-bed,” as the local phrase went, for 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 374 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 So the old man and the young shook 7 her political addresses; and young John 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 hands, and John walked away with tears 7 T. Unger, who had just turned sixteen, (15) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 streaming from his eyes. Ten minutes had danced all the latest dances from 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 later he had passed outside the city limits 7 New York before he put on long trou34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and he stopped to glance back for the last 7 sers. And now, for a certain time, he was (60) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 time. Over the gates the old-fashioned to be away from home. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Victorian motto seemed strangely That respect for a New England (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 attractive to him. His father had tried education which is the bane of all 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 time and time again to have it changed to 7 provincial places, which drains them 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 something with a little more push and yearly of their most promising young (65) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 verve about it, such as “Hades—Your men, had seized upon his parents. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Opportunity,” or else a plain “Welcome” 7 Nothing would suit them but that he (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sign set over a hearty handshake pricked should go to St. Midas’s School near 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 out in electric lights. The old motto was a 7 Boston—Hades was too small to hold 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 little depressing, Mr. Unger had their darling and gifted son. Now in (70) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 thought—but now ... Hades—as you know if you ever have 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 So John took his look and then set been there—the names of the more (30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 his face resolutely toward his destination. 7 fashionable preparatory schools and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 And, as he turned away, the lights of colleges mean very little. The inhabitants 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Hades against the sky seemed full of a have been so long out of the world that, (75) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 warm and passionate beauty. though they make a show of keeping 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 up-to-date in dress and manners and (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 literature, they depend to a great extent 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. The tone of line 28 can best be described as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 on hearsay, and a function that in Hades 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) compassionate. would be considered elaborate would 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) sincere. doubtless be hailed by a Chicago 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) sardonic. beef-princess as “perhaps a little tacky.” (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) dismayed. John T. Unger was on the eve of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) understated. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 departure. Mrs. Unger, with maternal 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 fatuity, packed his trunks full of linen 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. The “Chicago beef-princess” (lines 39–40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 suits and electric fans, and Mr. Unger 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 can best be described as representing the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 presented his son with an asbestos (45) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Chicago upper class by way of which 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pocket-book stuffed with money. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 literary device? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 “Remember, you are always welcome 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Anachronism here,” he said. “You can be sure, boy, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Simile that we’ll keep the home fires burning.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Apostrophe “I know,” answered John huskily. (50) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Metaphor “Don’t forget who you are and where 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Neologism you come from,” continued his father 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 proudly, “and you can do nothing to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 harm you. You are an Unger—from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Hades.” (55) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 375 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. The names Hades, St. Midas, and Unger 7. The phrase “maternal fatuity” (line 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 suggest that the passage can be considered 7 42–43), suggests that 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 a(n) (A) John will not need linen suits and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) epic poem. electric fans at St. Midas’s. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) euphemism. (B) John’s mother packed frantically and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) aphorism. ineffectively. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) satire. (C) John’s mother was excessively 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) allegory. doting. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) John resented his mother packing for 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 him. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Questions 11–20 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) John never enjoyed linen suits or passage. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 electric fans. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 This passage discusses the work of Abe Kobo, a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Japanese novelist of the twentieth century. 8. From the conversation between John and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 his father in paragraphs 3–6, it can be 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line Abe Kobo is one of the great writers of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 inferred that John feels 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 postwar Japan. His literature is richer, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 less predictable, and wider-ranging than (A) rejected and angry. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that of his famed contemporaries, (B) melancholic but composed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mishima Yukio and Nobel laureate Oe (5) (C) impassive and indifferent. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Kenzaburo. It is infused with the passion 7 (D) resigned but filled with dread. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and strangeness of his experiences in (E) relieved but apprehensive. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Manchuria, which was a Japanese colony 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. John’s meditation on the town’s sign in on mainland China before World War II. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph 6 serves in the passage primaAbe spent his childhood and much of his 7 (10) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rily to suggest a contrast between youth in Manchuria, and, as a result, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the orbit of his work would be far less 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) John’s love of Victorian things and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 controlled by the oppressive gravitational 7 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 his father’s love of modern things. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pull of the themes of furusato (home7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) his father’s commercialism and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 town) and the emperor than his contem(15) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 John’s sentimentality. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 poraries’. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) John’s previous role as a part of the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Abe, like most of the sons of Japa7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 town and his new role as nostalgic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 nese families living in Manchuria, did 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 outsider. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 return to Japan for schooling. He entered 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) his father’s naivety and John’s 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 medical school in Tokyo in 1944—just in 7 (20) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pragmatism. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 time to forge himself a medical certificate 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the old-fashioned atmosphere in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 claiming ill health; this allowed him to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 town before John’s father influenced 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 avoid fighting in the war that Japan was it and its current modernity. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 already losing and return to Manchuria. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 When Japan lost the war, however, it also 7 (25) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lost its Manchurian colony. The Japanese 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 living there were attacked by the Soviet 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Army and various guerrilla bands. They 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 376 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 accurate to say that the novel simply suddenly found themselves refugees, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 marked a turning point in his career, desperate for food. Many unfit men were (30) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 when Abe turned away from the experi- 7 abandoned in the Manchurian desert. At 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 mental and heavily political work of his this apocalyptic time, Abe lost his father (75) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 earlier career. Fortunately, he did not to cholera. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 then turn to furusato and the emperor He returned to mainland Japan once 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 after all, but rather began a somewhat more, where the young were turning to (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 more realistic exploration of his continuMarxism as a rejection of the militarism 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ing obsession with homelessness and of the war. After a brief, unsuccessful (80) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 alienation. Not completely a stranger to stint at medical school, he became part of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 his earlier commitment to Marxism, Abe 7 a Marxist group of avant-garde artists. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 turned his attention, beginning in the His work at this time was passionate and (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sixties, to the effects on the individual of outspoken on political matters, adopting 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Japan’s rapidly urbanizing, growthblack humor as its mode of critique. (85) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 driven, increasingly corporate society. During this time, Abe worked in the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 genres of theater, music, and photogra34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 phy. Eventually, he mimeographed fifty (45) 11. The word “infused” in line 6 most closely 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 copies of his first “published” literary means 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 work, entitled Anonymous Poems, in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) illuminated. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1947. It was a politically charged set of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) saturated. poems dedicated to the memory of his 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) influenced. father and friends who had died in (50) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) bewildered. Manchuria. Shortly thereafter, he 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) nuanced. published his first novel, For a Signpost 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 at the End of a Road, which imagined 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. The author refers to “the orbit” of Abe’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 another life for his best friend who had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 work (lines 12–13) to emphasize that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 died in the Manchurian desert. Abe was (55) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) his work covers a wide range of also active in the Communist Party, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 themes. organizing literary groups for working34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) the emperor is often compared to a men. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sun. Unfortunately, most of this radical 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C. Abe’s travels were the primary early work is unknown outside Japan (60) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 themes in his work. and underappreciated even in Japan. In 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D. Abe’s work is so different from his early 1962, Abe was dismissed from the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 contemporaries’ that it is like Japanese Liberalist Party. Four months 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 another solar system. later, he published the work that would 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) conventional themes can limit an blind us to his earlier oeuvre, Woman in (65) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 author’s individuality. the Dunes. It was director Teshigahara 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Hiroshi’s film adaptation of Woman in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Dunes that brought Abe’s work to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the international stage. The movie’s fame 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 has wrongly led readers to view the novel (70) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as Abe’s masterpiece. It would be more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 377 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1213. 16. Which of the following does the passage From the sentence beginning “He entered 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 present as a fact? medical school. . . “ in lines 19–24, it can 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 be inferred that (A) Abe was a better playwright than 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 novelist. (A) Abe entered medical school because 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Abe’s early work was of greater he was sick. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 quality than his later work. (B) sick people were sent to Manchuria 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) The group of avant-garde artists of during World War II. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which Abe was a part were influ(C) Abe wanted to help the ill and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 enced by Marxism. injured in World War II, rather than 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) The themes of furusato and the fight. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 emperor have precluded Japanese (D) illness would excuse one from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 literature from playing a major role military duty in World War II Japan. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in world literature. (E) Abe never intended to practice 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Abe’s work is richer than his medicine. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 contemporaries’ because he included 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12214. The author uses the word “apocalyptic” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 autobiographical elements. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to emphasize that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 17. The phrase “blind us” in lines 65–66 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Manchuria suffered intensely as a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 refers to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 result of the use of nuclear weapons 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) absence of film adaptations for Abe’s in World War II. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 other novels. (B) Abe was deeply affected by the loss 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) excessive critical attention to Abe’s of his father. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 novel, Woman in the Dunes. (C) there was massive famine in Man7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) difficulty in reconciling Woman in churia at the end of World War II. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Dunes and other later works (D) postwar Manchuria experienced 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with the form and content of his exhilarating change. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 earlier works. (E) conditions in Manchuria after World 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) challenge of interpreting Abe’s more War II were generally horrific. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 experimental works. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 15. The word “avant-garde” (line 39) could (E) overwhelming power of Abe’s novel, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 best be replaced by Woman in the Dunes. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) experimental. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) dramatic. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) novel. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) profound. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) realistic. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 378 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. The author’s attitude toward Marxism 18. The author’s main purpose in the passage 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 can best be described as is to 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) contemptuous derision. (A) defend Abe’s later works against the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) reverent espousal. prevalent criticism of it. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) skeptical tolerance. (B) advocate for Abe’s work over that of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) respectful interest. his contemporaries. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) restrained impatience. (C) explain the differences between Abe’s 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 earlier and later works. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) argue that Abe is an even greater 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 writer and artist than generally 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 perceived. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) demonstrate that Abe’s work became 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 less interesting after he left Manchu34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ria. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19. The author of the passage is most likely a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) film critic. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) literary critic. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) avant-garde artist. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) translator. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) novelist. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 379 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 2 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2s r 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2x w r s x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 c h h h b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 w 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 s 2 b 3x a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A 5 pr 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 2 2 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. If a circle is inscribed in a square of area 1. What percentage of 75 is 12? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 36, what is the area of the circle? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 8% 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 36p (B) 12% 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 24p (C) 16% 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 12p (D) 18% 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 9p (E) 20% 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 6p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
60
30
380
45
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 3. Which of the following could have a slope 4. The first four terms of a series are 1, 4, 9, 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of one? and 16. What is the eight term of this 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 series? (A) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 49 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 56 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 64 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 72 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 81 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 What is the area of the above parallelo34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 gram? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 18 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) (C) 22 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 24 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 32 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6. Which of the following fractions has the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greatest reciprocal? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) (E) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 381 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. 9. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 According to the chart above, Company B 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 produced approximately how many more 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 widgets than Company A? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 75,000 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 150,000 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 225,000 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If a 5 60 and c 5 50 then x = 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 300,000 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 375,000 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 40 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 65 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. If x is odd, and x is an integer, then the (C) 75 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 value of x must be (D) 85 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 110 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) odd. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) even. 2 2 21 22 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. 2 1 2 5 ~ ! @ # 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) less than one. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) an irrational number. (A) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 64 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) None of the above. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 16 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 16 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 64 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 382 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The following description applies to questions 14. If the determinant of this matrix is 26, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11–13. what is the value of n? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The factorial of a number is the product of all n 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the integers from one to the number. For 5 27 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 example, 5 factorial is 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1. The 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 22 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 notation for a factorial is the number followed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 by an exclamation point. 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25 (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5 Thus 5! 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 27 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 28 5 11. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 (A) 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 28 (E) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4 (B) 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 30 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. If p 1 q 5 2q 1 6, which of the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 88 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 statements must be true? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 120 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 I. p is even 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 II. q is even 12. If f(x) 5 (x!) then f(3) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 III. pq is even 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) I only (B) 36 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) II only (C) 172 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) II and III only (D) 1080 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) I, II, and III (E) 6282 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) None 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. If y 1 2 5 x , and y and x are integers, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. y! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 then 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ~y 1 2!~y 1 1! 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) y 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 For the above graph, for which values of x 7 7 (C) 2 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 is y . 0? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 y (A) 23 , 21 and 1 , x , 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x (B) x , 23 and 21 , x , 1 and x . 3 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) y(y 2 1) (C) x , 23 and 1 , x , 3 and x . 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) x . 3 and x . 21 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 23 . x . 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 383 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
S D
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1217. 19. Raising n2p n by which of the following will 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 give the result n? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The numbers from the number set 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 n p (A) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 {9, 11, 12, 15, 16} must be put in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 n 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 above boxes according to these condip n 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tions: 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Boxes A, C, and D contain numbers n 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 divisible by three. 2n 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Box B contains a prime number. p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 n1p Which number must be in Box E? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 11 20. If n is a positive integer and n, n 2 2, and 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 12 n 1 2 are each prime numbers, then the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 15 set of those three numbers is called a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 16 prime triplet. How many different prime 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 triplets are there where none of the set is 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1218. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 greater than fifty? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) None. If,AC 5 8, AB 5 4, and D and H are 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 midpoints on CE and AG respectively, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 21. If a circle has four tangents, each of which 7 what percentage of the rectangle is 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is perpendicular to two of the other shaded? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tangents, then 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 12.5% 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) at most one pair of tangent lines is 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 16.33% 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 parallel. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 20% 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) at most two pairs of tangent lines are 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 25% 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 parallel. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 30% 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) all four tangent lines are parallel. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) a square is inscribed in the circle. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) one particular diameter could be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 perpendicular to all four tangent 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lines. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 384 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
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Section 3 30 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Identifying Sentence Errors 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 correct answer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 word usage, word choice, and idioms. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 than one error. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. Despite the enormous voter drive, there 3. The FDA did not conclude that the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A B A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are still many city-dwellers who are not negative side affects of the drug offset the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C B C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 registered to vote. No error drug’s positive benefits. No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D E D E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. Debating the energy bill was the first 4. Over the last decade, the information 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A A 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 order of business for the Senate; to set the industry had grown into a multi-billion34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B C B 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 calendar for the upcoming session dollar industry that employs tens of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C D 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 was to follow. No error (E) thousands of workers. No error 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D E E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 385
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. Reading widely in her field, making herself 8. Of Armigo’s two films, most critics agree 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A B A B 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 available to students, and that the second is best . No error 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C D E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 her sophisticated research paid off for 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. Most people in the neighborhood C D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 Professor Jackson: she was awarded 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 agree that it is reasonable for the represen1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tenure last year. No error A B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tative to not acquiesce to the demands of E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C D 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. One cannot perform multiple tasks the transit authority. No error 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 simultaneously if one is easily distracted 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. Although in many ways Canada is a A B C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 by one’s surroundings. No error A 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 staunch ally of the United States, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. In many ways emblematic of the sweeping they have made their differences 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 changes the state’s agricultural industry known on a number of important issues. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 has undergone , strawberry farming No error 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 had exploded in Central California. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 No error 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 386 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Improving Sentences 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choice, sentence construction, and punctuation. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. If you 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Answer choices (B), (C), (D), and (E) contain alternative phrasings of the underlined 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11. Her first novel having been published, the 13. After working on his serve for several 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 author began to take notes for her second. days, rumors circulated that the challenger 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 would win the rematch. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Her first novel having been published 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Having been her most recent novel (A) After working on his serve for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 published several days, rumors circulated that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Her first novel, having been pubthe challenger would win the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 lished rematch. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) When having had her first novel (B) After working on his serve for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 published several days, the challenger circu7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Having published her first novel lated rumors that he would win the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rematch. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. Van Gogh’s early work has often been (C) Rumors circulated that the chal34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 described as being in sharp contrast with lenger, after working on his serve for 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 his later work, despite there is a fundaseveral days, would win the rematch. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 mental continuity between the two. (D) After having worked on his serve for 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 several days, the rematch was (A) with his later work, despite 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rumored to be won by the challenger. (B) with his later work; despite the fact 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) After working on his serve for that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 several days, rumors circulated, the (C) with his later work, rather, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 challenger would win the rematch. (D) with his later work, but 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) with his later work, notwithstanding 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 387 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1214. 16. Coffee shops, which were formerly found The artist thought that it was important 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 both to portray the subject truthfully, no only in urban settings and near college 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 matter the difficulty, and revealing campuses, have been expanding in the last 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 something new about the subject. few years outside these circumspect 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 domains. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) and revealing something new about 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the subject. (A) which were formerly found only in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) and so he revealed something new urban settings and near college 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 about the subject. campuses 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) and to reveal something new about (B) being formerly found only in urban 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the subject. settings and near college campuses 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) having thereby revealed something (C) which have been found formerly only 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 new about the subject. in urban settings and near college 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) and revealing something about the campuses 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 subject that is new. (D) which were formerly found only in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 urban settings or near college 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12215. Max Planck was not only one of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 campuses 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 founders of quantum mechanics, but an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) that were formerly found only in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accomplished pianist. 7 urban settings and near college 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 campuses 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) mechanics, but an accomplished 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pianist. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 17. Until the Chin dynasty changed this 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) mechanics; but he was also an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 practice, most Chinese intellectuals did 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accomplished pianist. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not travel to the imperial court but 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) mechanics; and he was also an 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 remained in their native provincial centers. 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accomplished pianist. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) mechanics, and an accomplished (A) but remained in their native provin1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pianist. cial centers. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) mechanics, but also an accomplished (B) and remained in their native provin7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 piano. cial centers. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) but rather they remained in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 native provinces. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) yet they remained in their native 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 provincial centers. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) but remained in the provinces to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which they were native. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 388 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. Philology, the study of words, no longer 18. The artwork of the late Renaissance was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 exists in academia as a distinct discipline characterized by a deep sympathy for the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 because it has been subsumed under the human subject, often portraying human 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 frailties and failings. study of linguistics. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) often portraying human frailties and (A) it has been subsumed under the study 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 failings. of linguistics. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) and it often portrayed human (B) it was subsumed in the past under 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 frailties and failings. the study of linguistics. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) human frailties and human failings (C) it has been subsumed with the study 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 being often portrayed. of linguistics. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) although it often portrayed human (D) linguistics previously having sub34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 frailties and failings. sumed it. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) though portraying human frailties (E) it had been subsumed under the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and failings. study of linguistics. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19. Pancho Villa’s raid on Columbus, New 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mexico, which was part of the tumult of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Mexican revolution, therefore 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 prompted a retaliatory expedition led by 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 General Pershing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) revolution, therefore prompted a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 retaliatory expedition led by General 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Pershing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) revolution, thereby prompting a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 retaliatory expedition led by General 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Pershing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) revolution, had prompted General 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Pershing to lead a retaliatory 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 expedition. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) revolution; a retaliatory expedition 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 led by General Pershing thereby 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 prompted. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) revolution, prompted a retaliatory 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 expedition led by General Pershing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 389 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Improving Paragraphs 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 errors. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentence’s word choice, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 word usage, or overall structure. Other questions will ask about the paragraph itself. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph writing. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 21. Which of the following offers the best 21–25 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12passage. combination of sentences 1 and 2 (repro7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 duced below)? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(1) An incredible hot-air balloon exhibition 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 An incredible hot-air balloon exhibition hap- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12happened on September 5, 1862. (2) It was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pened on September 5, 1862. It was given 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12given by Glaisher and Coxwell, two English1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 by Glaisher and Coxwell, two Englishmen. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12men. (3) There was no compressed oxygen for 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12them (A) An incredible hot-air balloon to breathe in those days. (4) They got so 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12high exhibition was given September 5, that they couldn’t use their limbs. (5) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Coxwell 1862 by Glaisher and Coxwell, two had to open the descending valve with 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122his Englishmen. teeth. (6) Before Glaisher passed out, he 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1recorded (B) An incredibly hot-air balloon an elevation of twenty-nine thousand 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1feet. exhibition happened on September 5, 7 (7) Many believe they got eight thousand 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12feet 1862, given by Glaisher and Coxhigher before they began to descend, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1making well, two Englishmen. their ascent the highest in the nine7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1teenth (C) Given by Glaisher and Coxwell, two century. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Englishmen, an incredible hot-air (8) Now the largest balloon to go up in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1nineteenth balloon exhibition happened on century was “The Giant.” (9) The 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1balloon September 5, 1862. held 215,000 cubic feet of air and was 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1274 (D) Glaisher and Coxwell, two Englishfeet wide. (10) It could carry four and a half 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122tons men, gave an incredible hot-air of cargo. (11) Its flight began in Paris, in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 121853, balloon exhibition, happening on with fifteen passengers. (12) All of whom 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12returned September 5, 1862. safely. (13) The successful trip received 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122a34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Two Englishmen, Glaisher and 7 great deal of national and international press 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122because Coxwell, gave an incredible hot-air balmany thought the hot-air balloon would 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 122become loon exhibition on September 5, 1862. 7 a form of common transportation. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 390 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 24. Which of the following is the best way to 7 22. Which of the following sentences in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 combine sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced first paragraph appears to be out of order? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 below)? (A) There was no compressed oxygen for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet of air 7 them to breathe in those days. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and was 74 feet wide. It could handle four 7 (B) They got so high that they couldn’t 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and a half tons of cargo. use their limbs. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Coxwell had to open the descending 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 valve with his teeth. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of air and was 74 feet wide, which 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Before Glaisher passed out, he 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 could handle four and a half tons of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 recorded an elevation of 29 thousand 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cargo. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 feet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Many believe they got 8 thousand 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of air and was 74 feet wide, handling 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 feet higher before they began to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 four and a half tons of cargo. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 descend. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 of air and was 74 feet wide; it could 7 23. Which of the following is the best revision 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 handle four and a half tons of cargo. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 for sentence 8 (reproduced below)? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Now the largest balloon to go up in the of air and was 74 feet wide, and it 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 nineteenth century was “The Giant.” could handle four and a half tons of 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cargo. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Move “in the nineteenth century” to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the beginning of the sentence and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of air and was 74 feet wide, but it 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 delete “Now” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 could carry four and a half tons of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Add a comma after “Now.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cargo. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Begin the sentence with “Moreover,” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Delete “now.” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 25. Which of the following is the best way to 7 (E) Replace “to go up” with “exhibition.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 revise sentences 11 and 12 (reproduced 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 below)? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Its flight began in Paris, in 1853, with 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 fifteen passengers. All of whom returned 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 safely. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Replace “whom” with “who.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Make the second sentence read 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 “Who all returned safely.” 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Delete “of” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Replace the period at the end of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sentence 11 with a comma. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Delete the period at the end of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sentence 11 and change “returned” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to “returning” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 391 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 26. Which of the following is the revision of 26–30 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12passage. sentence 4 (reproduced below)? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 One of the officials from the literacy pro- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12(1) On my nineteenth birthday, I began my trip 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gram I was working was there to meet me. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12to Mali, West Africa. (2) Some 24 hours later I 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122arrived (A) As it is now. in Bamako, the capital of Mali. (3) The 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12sun (B) One of the literacy program I was had set and the night was starless. (4) One 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1of working’s officials was there to meet the officials from the literacy program I was 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12working me. was there to meet me. (5) After the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12melee (C) There, was one of the officials from in the baggage claim, we proceeded to his 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122car. the literacy program I was working (6) Actually, it was a truck. (7) I was soon 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12to to meet me. learn that most people in Mali that had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1automobiles (D) One of the officials from the literacy actually had trucks or SUVs. (8) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Apparently, program where I worked had been there not just a convenience but a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12necessity there to meet me. when you live on the edge of the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Sahara. (E) One of the officials from the literacy (9) I threw my bags into the bed of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12truck, program where I would be working and hopped in to the back of the cab. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(10) was there to meet me. Riding to my welcome dinner, I stared out 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12the windows of the truck and took in the city. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(11) 27. Which of the following is the best way to It was truly a foreign land to me, and I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12knew revise sentence 7 (reproduced below)? that I was an alien there. (12) “What am 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12I34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 I was soon to learn that most people in doing here?” I thought. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mali that had automobiles actually had (13) It is hard to believe but seven months 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12later trucks or SUVs. I returned to the same airport along the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12same road that I had traveled on that first night 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Change “I was soon to learn” to “I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12in Bamako, and my perspective on the things was soon learning” 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122that I saw had completely changed. (14) The (B) Change “that had automobiles” to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1landscape that had once seemed so desolate and “who had automobiles” 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1lifeless now was the homeland of people that I (C) Replace “or” with “and” 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12had come to love. (15) When I looked back at (D) Add commas after “Mali” and 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122the capital, Bamako, fast receding on the “automobiles” 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12horizon, I did not see a city foreboding and (E) Add an apostrophe to make “SUVs” 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 in its foreignness. (16) I saw the city which 122wild read “SUV’s“ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1held so many dear friends. (17) I saw tea7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1drinking sessions going late into the night. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(18) I saw the hospitality and open-heartedness 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122of the people of Mali. (19) The second time, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12everything looked completely different, and I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12knew that it was I who had changed and not it. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 392 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 29. If you were to combine sentences 16–18 28. Sentence 13 (reproduced below) would 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (reproduced below) into one sentence, best be revised to which of the following 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 which of the following would be the best choices? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 choice? It is hard to believe but seven months later 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 I saw the city which held so many dear I returned to the same airport along the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 friends. I saw tea-drinking sessions going same road that I had traveled on that first 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 late into the night. I saw the hospitality night in Bamako, and my perspective on 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and open-heartedness of the people of the things that I saw had completely 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mali. changed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) I saw the city which held so many (A) As it is now. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 dear friends; I saw tea-drinking (B) It is hard to believe, but seven 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sessions going late into the night; I months later I returned to the same 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 saw the hospitality and openairport along the same road that I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 heartedness of the people of Mali. had traveled on that first night in 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) I saw the city which held so many Bamako: my perspective on the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 dear friends, drinking tea into late in 7 things I saw had completely changed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the night, and the hospitality and (C) It is hard to believe but seven months 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 open-heartedness of the people of later I returned to the same airport 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mali. along the same road that I had 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) I saw the city which held so many traveled on that first night in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 dear friends, I saw tea-drinking Bamako, and my perspective 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sessions going late into the night, I completely changed on the things I 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 saw the hospitality and opensaw. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 heartedness of the people of Mali. (D) It is hard to believe, but seven 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) I saw the city which held so many months later, when I returned to the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 dear friends, tea-drinking sessions same airport along the same road 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 going late into the night, the hospithat I had traveled on that first night 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tality and open-heartedness of the in Bamako, my perspective on the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 people of Mali. things I saw had completely changed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) I saw the city which held so many (E) It is hard to believe, but seven 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 dear friends: tea-drinking sessions months later I returned to the same 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 going late into the night, the hospiairport along the same road that I 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tality and open-heartedness of the had traveled on that first night in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 people of Mali. Bamako, and my perspective on the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 things that I saw having completely 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 changed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 393 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1230. Which of the following must be done to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sentence 8 (reproduced below) to make it 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 conform to the rules of written English? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Apparently, there not just a convenience 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 but a necessity when you live on the edge 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the Sahara. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Eliminate the comma after “Appar7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ently” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Change “there” to “they are” 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Add commas after “convenience” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and “necessity” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Change “you live” to “one lives” 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Add “Desert” after “Sahara“ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 394 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 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Section 4 27 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choices, labeled (A) through (E). These choices represent words or phrases that have been left 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the sentence as a whole. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Example: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Canine massage is a veterinary technique 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 for calming dogs that are extremely __________. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) inept 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) disciplined 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) controlled 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) stressed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) restrained 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A O B O C Þ O E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O Þ Þ Þ Þ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The new team member’s __________ was 7 1. The professor’s oldest colleague was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 an encouragement to the rest of the team, 7 selected to give the __________ at the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 who had become __________ by the string 7 funeral. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of defeats. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) eulogy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) enthusiasm. .elated (B) elegy 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) vigor. .inundated (C) epigraph 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) ebullience. .dispirited (D) eponymy 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) dourness. .undone (E) epitaph 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) excessiveness. .downcast 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 395
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. The outcome of the race seemed 3. By the end of the campaign both candi7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ before the leader’s misstep on 7 dates had resorted to __________ the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the final leg gave her competitors a(n) other. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ of winning the title. (A) commending 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) dubious. .prospect (B) denigrating 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) inevitable. .hope (C) mollifying 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) indubitable. .air (D) conceding 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) assured. .expectation (E) swindling 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) partial. .endeavor 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. The cat __________ crept across the lawn, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. Though the new pharmaceutical regime gracefully __________ the dog. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was intended to be beneficial, its actual (A) felicitously. .enticing 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 effect was __________, a result the (B) swiftly. .defeating 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 medical community __________. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) acrobatically. .apprehending 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) harmful. .heralded (D) maladroitly. .undermining 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) abundant. .castigated (E) deftly. .eluding 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) fortuitous. .ignored 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. The storyteller’s __________ anecdotes (D) detrimental. .lamented 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 earned her the __________ attention of (E) negative. .projected 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the crowd. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. The life of the lightening bug is (A) compelling. .rapt 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ to human eyes: They live only 7 (B) pointed. .spellbound 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 twenty-four hours. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) moribund. .lucid 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) ludicrous (D) poignant. .abrasive 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) ephemeral (E) meandering. .distracted 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) epic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. The bill became bogged down in a(n) (D) ecstatic 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ of contentious issues in a (E) incandescent 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Senate subcommittee. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. The kangaroo species __________ in the (A) marsh 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 new environment where there was an (B) sequence 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 abundant supply of food and a(n) 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) iota 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ of predators. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) conundrum 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) stagnated. .excess (E) quagmire 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) bolstered. .paucity 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) exploded. .abundance 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) flagged. .absence 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) flourished. .dearth 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 396 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. The senior official __________ at the 11. With her speech, the politician attempted 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 insinuation that his country’s international 7 to __________ the fears of the __________ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 trade policies were directly __________ the 7 citizens. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 region’s economic woes. (A) intensify. .disingenuous 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) balked. .responsible for (B) ignore. .alarmed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) wrinkled. .at fault for (C) assuage. .concerned 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) staggered. .inhibiting (D) quell. .disaffected 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) blundered. .implicated in (E) exploit. .serene 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) riled. .accountable to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. The fencing champion was __________ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 with her rapier, but in most other sports Questions 16–27 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 she was rather __________. passage. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) adroit. .awkward 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 The following passage was written by John 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) adept. .lithe 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Janovec, an ecologist who has worked in the Los 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) tenacious. .passable 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Amigos watershed in Peru. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) incompetent. .clumsy 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line The Amazonian wilderness harbors the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) deft. .skillful 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greatest number of species on this planet 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and is an irreplaceable resource for 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. Jane Goodall was at first a(n) __________ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 present and future generations. Amazo34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in her field, but since then she has received 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 nia is crucial for maintaining global (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 many accolades for her work. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 climate and genetic resources, and its 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) acolyte 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 forest and rivers provide vital sources of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) maverick 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 food, building materials, pharmaceuti34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) luminary 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cals, and water needed by wildlife and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) charlatan 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 humanity. (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) miser 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The Los Amigos watershed in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 state of Madre de Dios, southeastern 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. Alston was impressed by the philosopher’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Peru, is representative of the pristine 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 lecture, but Mario thought the lecture was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lowland moist forest once found 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 better characterized as __________ than as throughout most of upper Amazonian (15) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 erudite. South America. Threats to tropical 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) translucent forests occur in the form of fishing, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) recondite hunting, gold mining, timber extraction, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) impeccable impending road construction, and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) specious slash-and-burn agriculture. The Los (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) fictitious Amigos watershed, consisting of 1.6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 million hectares (3.95 million acres), still 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 offers the increasingly scarce opportunity 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to study rainforest as it was before the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 disruptive encroachment of modern (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 human civilization. Because of its 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 relatively pristine condition and the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 397 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 With support from the Amazon immediate need to justify it as a conser7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Conservation Association, and in vation zone, this area deserves intensive, 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(30) collaboration with U.S. and Peruvian long-term projects aimed at botanical 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 colleagues, the Botany of the Los Amigos 7 training, ecotourism, biological inven7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 project has been initiated. At Los tory, and information synthesis. (75) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Amigos, we are attempting to develop a On July 24, 2001, the government of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 system of preservation, sustainability, Peru and the Amazon Conservation 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(35) and scientific research; a marriage Association signed a contractual agree7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 between various disciplines, from human 7 ment creating the first long-term perma7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ecology to economic botany, product nently renewable conservation conces(80) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 marketing to forest management. The sion. To our knowledge this is the first 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 complexity of the ecosystem will best be such agreement to be implemented in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(40) understood through a multidisciplinary world. The conservation concession 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 approach, and improved understanding protects 340,000 acres of old-growth 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the complexity will lead to better Amazonian forest in the Los Amigos (85) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 management. The future of these forests watershed, which is located in southeast7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 will depend on sustainable management ern Peru. This watershed protects the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(45) and development of alternative practices eastern flank of Manu National Park and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and products that do not require is part of the lowland forest corridor that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 irreversible destruction. links it to Bahuaja-Sonene National Park. (90) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The botanical project will provide a The Los Amigos conservation concession 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 foundation of information that is will serve as a mechanism for the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) essential to other programs at Los development of a regional center of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Amigos. By combining botanical studies excellence in natural forest management 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with fisheries and mammology, we will and biodiversity science. (95) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 better understand plant/animal interacSeveral major projects are being 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tions. By providing names, the botanical implemented at the Los Amigos Conser7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(55) program will facilitate accurate commuvation Area. Louise Emmons is initiating 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 nication about plants and the animals studies of mammal diversity and ecology 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in the Los Amigos area. Other projects (100) that use them. Included in this scenario 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 are humans, as we will dedicate time to involve studies of the diversity of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 people-plant interactions in order to arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(60) learn what plants are used by people in birds. Robin Foster has conducted 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Los Amigos area, and what plants botanical studies at Los Amigos, resulting 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in the labeling of hundreds of plant (105) could potentially be used by people. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 To be informed, we must develop species along two kilometers of trail in 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 knowledge. To develop knowledge, we upland and lowland forest. Michael 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(65) must collect, organize, and disseminate Goulding is leading a fisheries and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 information. In this sense, botanical aquatic ecology program, which aims to 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 document the diversity of fish, their (110) information has conservation value. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Before we can use plant-based products ecologies, and their habitats in the Los 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the forest, we must know what Amigos area and the Madre de Dios 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(70) species are useful and we must know watershed in general. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 398 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 18. In line 40, “concession” could be retheir names. We must be able to identify 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 placed, without changing the meaning, (115) them, to know where they occur in the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 with forest, how many of them exist, how they 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are pollinated and when they produce (A) grant. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 fruit (or other useful products). Aside 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) acknowledgement. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 from understanding the species as they 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) food supply. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (120) occur locally at Los Amigos, we must 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) apology. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have information about their overall 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) compromise. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 distribution in tropical America in order 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to better understand and manage the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 19. The author implies in paragraph 3 that the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 distribution, variation, and viability of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 agreement between Peru and the Amazon 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (125) their genetic diversity. This involves a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Conservation Association is historic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 more complete understanding of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 primarily because it 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 species through studies in the field and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) was the first time a South American 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 herbarium. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 government had made an agreement 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of any kind with the Amazon 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. In line 6, “genetic resources” refers to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Conservation Association. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) was the first long-term agreement (A) plant seeds. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 regarding land in the Amazon (B) different races of people. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Rainforest. (C) natural resources, such as oil. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) represented the first time a South (D) diverse species of plants and animals. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 American government had agreed to (E) cells that can be used in genetic cures 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 renew a conservation agreement. for diseases. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) is essentially a permanent conserva34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 17. In paragraph 2, the author emphasizes 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion agreement. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that the current environmental condition 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) represents the first time such an 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of Amazonian South America is 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 agreement had been made in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 form of a renewable contract. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) mostly unscathed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) largely unknown. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) restorable through his project. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) irredeemable everywhere but in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Los Amigos watershed. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) varying from destroyed to virtually 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pristine. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 399 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1220. 22. The work of Louise Emmons, Robin The author’s main purpose in the passage 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Foster, and Michael Goulding (in the is to 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 fourth paragraph) are employed in the (A) demonstrate that conservation efforts 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage as have been historically successful and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) colleagues of the author’s in his so should be continued. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 botanical project. (B) garner support for opposition to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) examples of the kinds of activities destructive activities in the Los 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the author and his colleagues are Amigos watershed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 trying to halt. (C) position the Los Amigos watershed 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) examples of the influence of internaagreement as a success towards the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tional scientists in Peru. achievement of the vital goal of con7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) scientists who represent new trends serving the Amazonian rainforests. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of study in Amazonian botany. (D) uphold the Peruvian government’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) scientists involved in projects related 7 progressive policies on management 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and amenable to the author’s. of the Los Amigos watershed as an 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 example of government policy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 23. The author’s botanical project involves all 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 working toward conservation. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the following EXCEPT 7 (E) argue that the study of pristine 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rainforests is essential for document7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) studying plants in a laboratory. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ing and studying the myriad new 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) studying how plants are used by 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 species that the forests contain. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 humans and animals. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) facilitating pharmaceutical use of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1221. The author’s tone in the passage can best 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 plants. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 be described as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) providing information on how to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 keep plant species flourishing. (A) advocacy for his project over other 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) labeling plants in the Los Amigos competing projects. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 area. (B) general praise for conservation 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 projects in Amazonian South 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 America. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) condemnation for the government of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Peru for allowing destruction of the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rainforest. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) passionate support for his and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 related projects. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) zealous advocacy for his point of view. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 400 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 26. Which of the following issues does the 24. When the author says that the botanical 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passage NOT address? project will “provide names,” (line 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 97–100) he means that the project will (A) Positive contributions of scientific 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 research for conservation efforts (A) help recognize new species. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Pollution of water sources in (B) aid in the standardization of names 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Amazonian Peru for new species. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Economic importance of conserving (C) participate in naming the region’s 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Amazon rainforests different zones. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Specific efforts of the Peruvian (D) publish information for corporations 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 government to maintain the integrity and researchers regarding the most 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of Peruvian rainforests appropriate names for specific 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Examples of previous scientific plants. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 research in Los Amigos (E) clarify the confusion surrounding the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 names of different organizations 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 27. The author mentions areas outside the Los 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 working in Amazonia. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Amigos watershed primarily in order to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 25. When the author says that, “botanical 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) imply that his future research will 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 information has conservation value,” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 focus on these areas. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (lines 109–110) he means that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) draw a comparison between work in 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 those areas and work in the Los (A) a robust understanding of conserva34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Amigos area. tionism is aided by botanical 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) underscore the interrelatedness of the information. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ecosystems. (B) conservationists should strive to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) emphasize that Los Amigos is the preserve botanical information. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 most pristine locale. (C) speciation is important for 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (E) praise the Peruvian government for its 7 conservation. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 other conservationist undertakings. (D) political discussions about 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 conservation should use botanical 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 nomenclature. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) new drugs will be developed in the re34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gions protected by conservationism. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 401 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 5 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2s r 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2x w r s x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 c h h h b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 w 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 s 2 b 3x a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A 5 pr 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 2 2 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. If four sweaters cost p dollars, and the 1. Consider two sets of numbers: Set A 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sweaters go on a half-off sale, how much includes all the positive integers and Set B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 would 12 sweaters cost in dollars? includes all the negative integers. Which 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 set has more members? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) A 2 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) B 3p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) They contain an equal number. 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Neither. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 2p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) It cannot be determined. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 4p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 6p 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
60
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. If y 5 mx 1 b where m is a negative 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 constant and b is a positive constant, 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 3. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 which of the following could be a possible 7 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 graph of y 5 mx 1 b? 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 8 (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. If 3y 5 x and y 5 , what is the value of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 z 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 z when x 5 3? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 3 (C) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 403 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Small Medium Large 6. 9. If f(x) 5 x2 is graphed on a standard 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (S) (M) (L) xy-axis and then the graph is rotated 90° 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 clockwise, which of the following graphs Hats (H) $8 $12 $12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 would result? Shirts (SH) $12 $12 $14 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Hat & Shirt Prices at Moe’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If Moe’s has a 25% off sale on medium1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sized items, how much would it cost, in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 dollars, to order 2 H-M, 2 H-L, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1SH-M? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 51 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 53 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 55 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 56 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 58 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If 5 x 1 15 5 30, then x 5 7. = 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 10 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 14 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 15 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 2 x 2 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 8. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2x 1 2x 2 12 (D) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x22 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x24 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3~x 2 2! 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 2 4 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4 x 2 3 ~ ! 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x22 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x24 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) (E) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2~x 2 2! 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4 x 2 3 ~ ! 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3~x 2 2! 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 404 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. 10. For which of the following ordered pairs 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (x,y) is x 2 y . 2 and x 1 y . 4? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) (1,3) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) (2,3) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) (4,0) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) (3,2) If the two triangles above are congruent 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) (4,1) then b 5 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 30 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 x 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 If x and y are positive integers and 5 , 11. (B) 40 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 45 then x 1 y 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 60 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 3x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) It cannot be determined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 5x 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) y 14. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 3y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. Quentin buys three hot dogs with a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ten-dollar bill and receives seven dollars 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and thirty-four cents in change. If the sales 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tax is seven cents per dollar (rounding to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the nearest penny), which of the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 choices, in cents, is closest to the actual 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 What is the area of the above figure? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 price of a hot dog? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2 2 (A) = 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 78 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 82 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 8 (C) 86 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 89 (D) 9 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 92 (E) 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 405 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 17. If l1i l2, then which of the following pairs 15–16 refer to the following chart. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of angles must be congruent? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 I. 6 and 12 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 II. 2 and 9 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 III. 4 and 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 15. Which year had the least percentage 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) I only difference in reported incidence of flu and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) II only cold? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) III only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 1960 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) II and III only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 1970 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) I and II only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 1980 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 1990 18. If 2a is a positive integer, and a, b, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 2000 and c are integers, then 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1216. (A) a must be negative. In percentage terms, in what decade was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) b must be negative. the number of reported cold cases about 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) c must be negative. 25% greater than the number of reported 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) b must be an even positive integer. flu cases? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) None of the above. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 1960 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 1970 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 1980 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 1990 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 2000 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 406 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 2c
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 21. There are 150 students in math courses at 7 19. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Dagmar High School. 73 are in geometry, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 62 are in algebra, and 52 are in neither. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 How many students are in both geometry 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and algebra? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 32 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 33 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 35 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 36 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 If all the line segments in the above figure 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 37 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are congruent, then 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) a . b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) a , b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 2a 5 b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) a 5 b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) It cannot be determined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. Two boys and two girls are assigned to sit 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 at a five-seat circular table, where the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 seats are numbered one through five. If 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 neither boy can sit by the open seat, seat 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3, how many different seating arrange34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ments are possible? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (B) 3 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 6 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 407 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 6 16 Questions j Time—20 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 answer the accompanying questions, basing your answers on what is stated or implied in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Line 2. The passage uses the phrase “wet and In 1953, Watson and Crick unlocked the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 structure of the DNA molecule and set dirty” (line 5) to mean 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 into motion the modern study of genetics. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) haphazard guessing about the genetic 7 This advance allowed our study of life to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 code. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(5) go beyond the so-called wet and dirty 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the work of Watson and Crick in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 realm of biology, the complicated labora7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 discovering DNA. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tory study of proteins, cells, organelles, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) information-based biological ions, and lipids. The study of life could 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 research. now be performed with more abstract 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(10) methods of analysis. By discovering the (D) the study of the genetic code. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 basic structure of DNA, we had received (E) involved laboratory practices in 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 our first glance into the information-based studying basic biological entities. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 realm locked inside the genetic code. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Although little-known today in the United 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. Which of the following does the passage 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 States, Clark Saunders (1859–1941) cast a large 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 discuss as a change that the discovery of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 shadow in the first several decades of the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 DNA brought to the study of life? twentieth century, writing many widely read 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) The study of lipids and proteins books on Native American, Spanish, and Anglo 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 became irrelevant. folklore. He also wrote extensively on the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) New and more abstract methods of different cultures of California, the Sierras, and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 study were possible. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Southwest. He was a major and influential 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Biology could then focus on mol7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 contributor to Sunset Magazine in its early 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ecules rather than cells. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 years. In his day, Saunders was important for 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Modern genetics matured past its 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 introducing much of the American public to a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mendelian roots. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 person-sized understanding of the “Old West.” (E) Information-based study of genes 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 became obsolete. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 408
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 The following two passages deal with the 7 3. The passage presents Saunders as a(n) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 political movements working for the woman’s 7 (A) influential contemporary western 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 vote in America. writer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) important historian of the West. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Passage 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) a specialist of Native American 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line The first organized assertion of woman’s studies. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rights in the United States was made at the (D) widely read author in his own day. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The (E) the first editor of Sunset Magazine. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 convention, though, had little immediate 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The history of rock and roll is inseparable from impact because of the national issues that 7 (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the development of blues and gospel music in would soon embroil the country. The 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 the southeastern United States. Though the contentious debates involving slavery and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 genre gained mass appeal through legendary state’s rights that preceded the Civil War 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 figures such as Elvis Presley or the wildly soon took center stage in national debates. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 popular Beatles, the musical roots of rock and Thus woman’s rights issues would have to 7 (10) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 roll extend far before such groups. In fact, wait until the war and its antecedent 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 many of the groups who popularized rock and problems had been addressed before they 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 roll were consciously attempting to emulate the would be addressed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 work of blues greats such as B. B. King or In 1869, two organizations were 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Muddy Waters. The Rolling Stones are a good formed that would play important roles in (15) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 example of this trend, which developed in the securing the woman’s right to vote. The 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 late fifties and early sixties. The Rolling Stones, first was the American Woman’s Suffrage 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 both then and now, have always explicitly Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 stated their admiration and imitation of blues constitutional issues aside, the AWSA 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greats. focused their attention on state-level (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 politics. They also restricted their ambi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tions to securing the woman’s vote and 4. B. B. King is used in this passage as an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 downplayed discussion of women’s full example of a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 equality. Taking a different track, the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) blues artist who was emulated by 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 National Woman’s Suffrage Association (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 early rock bands. (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) musical artist influenced by Elvis Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Presley. way to assure the long-term security of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) musician who incorporated aspects woman’s vote was to ground it in the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of rock and roll. constitution. The NWSA challenged the (30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) musician who often played with exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Muddy Waters. Amendment, the amendment that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) gospel singer who influenced the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 extended the vote to African-American 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Rolling Stones. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 fight for suffrage with other inequalities (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 faced by woman, such as marriage laws, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which greatly disadvantaged women. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 409 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. The word “antecedent” in line 11 can best 7 By the late 1880s the differences that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 be replaced by separated the two organizations had 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(40) receded in importance as the women’s (A) antebellum. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 movement had become a substantial and (B) referent. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 broad-based political force in the country. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) causal. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 In 1890, the two organizations joined 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) subsequent. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 forces under the title of the National 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) abolitionist. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(45) American Woman’s Suffrage Association 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. Which of the following does the first 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 play a vital role in the further fight to 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage say was the first organized push 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 achieve the woman’s vote. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for woman’s suffrage? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) formation of the National Woman’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1Passage 2 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Suffrage Association 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 In 1920, when Tennessee became the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) formation of the American Woman’s 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12(50) thirty-eighth state to approve the constitu7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Suffrage Association 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tional amendment securing the woman’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) convening of the Seneca Falls 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 right to vote, woman’s suffrage became 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 convention 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 enshrined in the constitution. But wom7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Tennessee passing the Twenty-Second 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 an’s suffrage did not happen in one fell 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Amendment 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(55) swoop. The success of the woman’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) “partial suffrages” of local woman’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 suffrage movement was the story of a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 suffrage efforts 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 number of partial victories that led to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 explicit endorsement of the woman’s right 7. What national event does the first passage 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to vote in the constitution. cite as pushing woman’s voting rights to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(60) As early as the 1870s and 1880s, the background of the national conscious- 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 women had begun to win the right to vote ness? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in local affairs such as municipal elections, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Civil War 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 school board elections, or prohibition 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Suffrage movement 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measures. These “partial suffrages” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Prohibition 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(65) demonstrated that women could in fact 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment responsibly and reasonably participate in 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) World War I a representative democracy (at least as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 voters). Once such successes were 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. According to the first passage, the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 achieved and maintained over a period of 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 National Woman’s Suffrage Association 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(70) time, restricting the full voting rights of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 focused their efforts on 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 woman became more and more suspect. If 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) local elections. women were helping decide who was on 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) constitutional issues. the local school board, why should they 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) prohibition efforts. not also have a voice in deciding who was 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(75) (D) school board elections. president of the country? Such questions 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) state elections. became more difficult for non-suffragists 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to answer, and thus the logic of restricting 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the woman’s vote began to crumble. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 410 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. When is the earliest success of the 9. The differences between the AWSA and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 woman’s suffrage movement that the the NWSA were ultimately resolved when 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 second passage points to? (A) the Twenty-Second Amendment 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 1848 passed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 1869 (B) the two organizations were com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 1870s bined to form the NAWSA. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 1880s (C) the Civil War ended. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 1920 (D) prohibition passed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) woman’s suffragists won significant 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 13. Which of the following is NOT an victories in the 1890 general election. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 example of a “partial suffrage” as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 described in the second passage? 10. In Passage 1, the author’s attitude toward 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the subject matter is (A) A mayoral election 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) A school board measure (A) intense scrutiny. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment (B) distanced suspicion. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) A state prohibition referendum (C) mild censure. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Impeaching a city council member (D) appreciative description. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) enthusiastic support. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. The author of the second passage argues 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 that the “partial suffrages” were most 11. Passage 2 locates the ultimate victory of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 effective in bringing full voting rights for the woman’s suffrage movement with 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 woman because which of the following events? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) through them woman were able to (A) Tennessee approving the woman’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 elect prosuffrage representatives. voting rights amendment 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) they showed women voting ably. (B) Congress passing the Twenty-Second 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) they demonstrated that woman could 7 Amendment 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 participate in a full democracy. (C) The combination of AWSA and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) they demonstrated that woman could 7 NWSA into NAWSA 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 handle the intricacies of foreign (D) Woman earning the full vote in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 policy. Wyoming 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) they established the power of the (E) Women’s fruitful participation in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 woman voter. local elections 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 411 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1215. 16. The author of the second passage would Which of the following questions is NOT 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 most likely see the work of the addressed in either passage? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) AWSA as crucial for the ultimate (A) When did the woman’s right to vote 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 success of the suffrage movement. become a constitutional amendment? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) NWSA as indispensable for “partial (B) What effect did the Civil War have 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 suffrages.” on the woman’s suffrage movement? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) NWSA as unimportant for the (C) What are the names of two leaders of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage of the woman’s voting rights 7 the National Woman’s Suffrage 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 amendment. Association? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Seneca Falls convention as the most (D) What are “partial suffrages?” 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 important single event in the (E) Which constitutional amendment 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 women’s suffrage movement. gave women the vote? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the NAWSA as important for the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unity of the woman’s suffrage 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 movement. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 412 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
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Section 7 13 Questions j Time—20 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Notes: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. All numbers used are real numbers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions for Student Produced Responses 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Enter your responses to questions 1–13 in the Answer: 1.4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 special grids provided on your answer sheet. Either position is correct. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Input your answers as indicated in the directions 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 . 4 1 . 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 below. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O Þ O O Þ O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 4 12 Decimal → 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Answer: or 4/9 O O O point O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 9 7 O Þ O O 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Þ O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Write answer → 4 / 9 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in boxes. O O O Þ O O Þ O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Þ O ← Fraction line 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O ⎧ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 umn, space permitting. Leave blank any columns 7 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O ⎪Þ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not needed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O Grid in → 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O ⎨ • Writing your answer in the boxes at the top 7 result. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the columns will help you accurately grid 7 O O O ⎪O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 O O O O your answer, but it is not required. You will 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O Þ O ⎩ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 only receive credit for an answer if the ovals 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are filled in properly. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • Only fill in one oval in each column. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 /
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➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • If a problem has several correct answers, Decimal Accuracy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 just grid in one of them. Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • There are no negative answers. rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 must be gridded as .333. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • Never grid in mixed numbers. The answer 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 acceptable. 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is gridded, it will be read 3 1 / 5 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 31 Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . . O Þ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as , not 3 . 3 O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 . 3 3 3 1 / 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O Þ O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Þ O O O Þ O O O O O O O 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O Þ O O O O Þ O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ Þ Þ O O Þ O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. 7. Given P(3, 2) and Q(3, 6), what is the [2(3 ) 1 (4 2 3(4)) ] 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y-coordinate of the midpoint of the line 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. Given that 22 2 3x . 13, what is a segment defined by these two points? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 positive integer that is less than x? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. A phone company charges 40 cents for a 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 completed long-distance phone call and 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 cents per minute on top of the initial fee. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 How much, in dollars, would a 30-minute 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 long-distance phone call cost? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. What is the least common multiple of 18 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and 24? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. If |x 2 3| . 2, then what is one integer 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 value that x cannot equal? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 What is the length of the hypotenuse? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. If the kth term in a series is generated by 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. What is the difference between the mean 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10~k 1 1! 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the equation n 5 , what is the and the median of the number set {7, 4, 3, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 k21 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 eleventh term in the series? 6, 2, 2}? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 414 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 /
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TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. What is the one integer that is between 10. If line a and line b are perpendicular, line 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 999 and 1199 and satisfies these two b and line c are perpendicular, and the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2 conditions: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 slope of line a is , what is the slope of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Its digits sum to seventeen. 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 line c? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Its tens and units digits are the same. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11. If f(x) 5 x2 1 3 and x 5 y 1 2, when 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y 5 3, f(x) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. If a square is inscribed in a circle and the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 area of the square is eight, what is the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 longest distance that a straight line could 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 be that originated and terminated on the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 circumference of the circle? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 415 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 8 Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Consider the following statement. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Some people think that war is justified under certain circumstances. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12Assignment: Write an essay in which you agree or disagree with the preceding statement. Develop your 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12point of view on this statement and be sure to support your stance with sufficient details. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 416
TEST 1 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 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➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
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12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 time allotted is over. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 418 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
www.petersons.com
Answers and Explanations 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. C The passage begins, “Musical notes, like all sounds, are a result of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sound waves created by movement.” The author then goes on to talk 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about musical notes and how they illustrate properties of sound waves. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) captures this idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. A Pitch is determined by the frequency of the sound wave. This eliminates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) and (E). Choice (C) seems to refer more to the intensity, so eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it too. The final sentence says that pitch can be described either in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers or in letters, so eliminate (D). That leaves (A), the cor9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rect answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. B The passage states that Langston Hughes “persuaded her to continue 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her education in the North.” And the passage uses this fact to explain 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her transfer to Northwestern. This is what (B), the correct an123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 swer, suggests. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. C The passage doesn’t specifically say that Walker was writing poetry 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before she entered New Orleans University. Eliminate (A). Hughes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recognized her talent, but he didn’t create it, so eliminate (B). Hughes 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 recognized her talent before she transferred to Northwestern, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (D). The passage, if anything, implies that Walker wrote 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 poetry for some time before publishing anything, so eliminate (E). The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage makes reference to her parents’ occupations and encourage9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ment, implying that they had an influence on her decision to become 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a poet. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. C The author is poking a bit of fun at the Ungers, so eliminate (A), (B), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (E). His tone is more playful than downtrodden, so the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 419
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. D The “Chicago beef-princess” suggests the wider high-class social world 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in Chicago. When one thing stands in for another, it is a metaphor. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. A Even if you do not know the definition of fatuity you can still get this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. John is going from Hades, which we can assume is hot, to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Boston. He will probably not need the light suits and fans. The answer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. B We know that John does not feel rejected, because he says he knows he 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will always be welcome at home. Eliminate (A). On the other hand, he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does feel something negative, or he wouldn’t cry. Eliminate (C) and (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The handshake and the fact that John’s tears are not mentioned until he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 has turned away from his father suggest that he is composed. The best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. C If you were leaving home (and you were crying), why would you stop 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and look back? Most likely you would do so because you were sad to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leave and wanted to get one last look before you went. Which of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices matches this sentiment? Choice (C) does. The medita9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion on what the sign says serves to emphasize the quaintness of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 town, of which John will no longer be a part. The other answers rely on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your being distracted from the main emotions of the story. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. E Hades is hell in Greco-Roman mythology. Midas represents wealth. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Unger resonates with the hunger the family feels for the wealth and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prestige of the North. In other words, the names suggest that the story 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 uses the experiences of this one family to represent a larger situation. It 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is an allegory, choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. C Infused is used to mean that his work was filled with the experiences he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 had in Manchuria. Eliminate all but (B) and (C). Saturated has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something of a negative tone, and the author praises Abe’s work, so 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (B). The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. E The metaphorical use of orbit and gravitational pull is used in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conjunction with the negative words “controlled” and “oppressive.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Abe’s work is not controlled by oppressive forces. Eliminate (B), (C), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (D). Choices (A) and (E) are similar answers, but (E) better captures 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the author’s intent. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. D Abe forged a medical certificate, so we know he was not actually sick. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can eliminate (A) and (B). The passage makes no reference to Abe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 helping the sick and injured, so eliminate (C). The sentence in the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage says that the forged medical certificate allowed him to avoid 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 420 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fighting. Choice (D) corresponds with that meaning. Choice (E) can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminated because you don’t know what his intentions were for after 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the war. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. E Even if you don’t know the defintion of apocalyptic, you probably 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know that it is a negative word. Eliminate (D) (exhilarating is a positive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word). There is no reference to nuclear weapons in the passage, so 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (A). There was famine, and Abe seems to have been strongly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 affected by the loss of his father, but neither of these answers is specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 enough. Only (E) expressly answers the question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. A This question is a little bit more difficult than some vocabulary 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions because you have to look in a few different places. The third 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph, where the word appears, tells you that the avant-garde 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 group was political and that Abe worked in various genres. The fourth 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph refers to his earlier work, which was the work in the third 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph, as “experimental and heavily political.” Since one of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 words is an answer choice (A), it is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. C This question basically asks you to distinguish between the author’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opinion and the basic facts of Abe’s career. Choices (A), (B), and (E) all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contain evaluative opinions, so eliminate them. The author expresses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 strong opinions about the themes furusato and the emperor, but never 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 presents any facts about their influence on Japanese literature in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 world. The best answer is (C). The author presents it as a known fact 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that young Japanese artists after World War II were interested in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Marxism. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. B As always, go back to the passage to look for the context of the phrase. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Shortly after the phrase appears, the author says that readers have 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wrongly decided that Woman in the Dunes was Abe’s masterpiece. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author also refers to the lack of translations of Abe’s earlier works. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer that best summarizes these two things is (B). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. D The author’s purpose in paragraph 4 is to suggest that too much 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attention has been given to Abe’s later work, as you just determined in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question 17. So the answer cannot be (A). There is only a brief 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparison to Abe’s contemporaries, so (B) is too specific. (E) is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 factually correct, since most of the work the passage discusses was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 produced in Japan. You are left with (C) and (D). (C) is too neutral; this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author is opinionated. She/he does not suggest that Abe’s later work is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bad, but rather that his early work also deserves attention. Choice (D) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 421 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. B The author is most interested in literary works. There is no reason to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suspect that the author is an artist or writer. The tone is critical and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scholarly. (B) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. D The author of this passage does express many strong opinions, but not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in regard to Marxism. You can therefore eliminate both (A) and (B). If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anything, she/he is more positive than negative about the influence of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Marxism on Abe’s work. Eliminate (C) and (E), which imply a negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bias. The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. C With a calculator this problem is straightforward enough, but you do not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need a calculator to solve this problem. The wording is a bit tricky, but to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 find the percentage of 75 that 12 represents, you would place 12 over 75. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 12/3 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This can be simplified 5 5 . Percent means “of 100,” so if you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 75 75/3 25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change the 25 in the denominator to 100, you’ll have your percentage in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 434 16 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 . This is answer (C). the numerator. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25 25 3 4 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You could also have set up an algebraic equation, and then cross9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiplied to find the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12 n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 75 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12!~100! 5 ~75!~n! ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1200 5 75n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1200 75n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 75 75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16 5 n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. D If a circle is inscribed in a square, then the circle is inside the square. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can find the length of the square’s sides using the area formula for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a square: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 A5s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 36 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It might help if you draw a circle inside a square to visualize the next 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 part. The side length of the square is the same as the diameter of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circle. Draw a diameter and you’ll see that it’s the same length as a side. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 422 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is a key relationship that the two figures share. Once you know the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circle’s diameter is 6, its radius must be half that, 3. This radius can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 placed into the area formula for a circle: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 A5 pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 p~3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 9p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. B First, you are looking for a line with a positive slope, which means that it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rises as you go from left to right. This eliminates choices (A), (D), and (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second, a slope of 1 means that it rises as much as it runs (it goes up at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same rate that it goes over). A line with a slope of 1 will be halfway 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between a line that is completely horizontal and a line that is completely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vertical. Choice (B) is that line, since the rise in choice (C) is too gradual. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. C To answer this question, you have to determine how the series is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 generated. The numbers are increasing, so it is very unlikely that either 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subtraction or division is involved. The numbers increase, and note 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how fast the increase is. Addition can be ruled out since the increase 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from one term to the next is too great; simple multiplication is also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unlikely. Look at the four terms closely, and you’ll notice that each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number is the square of an ascending integer. The series is one squared, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then two squared, then three squared, and so forth. This series then is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 generated by squaring the integers. Therefore, the eighth term is eight 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 squared, 64. Choice (C) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. B The area of a parallelogram is the height times the base. You do not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know the height, but you can determine it by using the geometry of a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangle. If you drop a perpendicular from the top left corner to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposite side (which you will call the base), then you have a triangle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whose height is the height of the parallelogram. Measures of adjacent 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles of parallelograms sum to 180, and so the bottom left-hand angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measures 60° (this is because the bottom right interior angle is 120°, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 180 2 120 5 60). Surprise! This gives you a 30-60-90 triangle, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can determine the height. Since the hypotenuse is 2 3, the height = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is 3. The base is 6, and so the area is: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 bh 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 ~6!~3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 18 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That’s choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 423 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. A To find the reciprocal, switch the numerator and the denominator. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once you’ve flipped the fractions over, look for a fraction where the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numerator is greater than the denominator and where the difference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the two is greatest. Choices (A) and (E) look like the best 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 candidates. The reciprocal of A is 4 5 4 , and the reciprocal of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 13 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 . Choice (A) is the greatest. 5 4 (E) is 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. E Another sketch with more of the angles numbered is helpful here. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Angle 1 is 90° because its measure and the measure of the angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adjacent to it must sum to 180. Couple this fact with the given 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information a 5 60, and it means that the measure of angle 2 is 30° 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since the measures of the angles in that triangle must sum to 180. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Angle 3 is also 30° since it is vertical with angle 2. If you can find angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4, you could figure out angle x since you will have two of the three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles on that small triangle. To find the measure of angle 4, look at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 big triangle with angles 4, c, and the right angle. Since a right angle is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 90° and c 5 50, the measure of angle 4 is 40° since the measures of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles in the larger triangle must sum to 180. If the measure of angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 5 40, and the measure of the angle 3 5 30, then 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 180 5 m∠3 1 m∠4 1 m∠x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 180 5 30 1 40 1 x 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 180 5 70 1 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 110 5 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you had no idea how to answer this question, you might have noticed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the figures were drawn to scale. Looking at x, it certainly looks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greater than 90°. Choice (A) is highly unlikely as an answer, and (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would be your best guess since it’s the only choice greater than 90°. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 424 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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D
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. E A problem like this takes a careful step-by-step execution, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fortunately nothing else is needed. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 1 2 2 21 22 21 22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 64, choice (E). 2 1 2 5 4 1 4 5 5 ~ ! ~ ! @ # @ # 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 64 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. C Here you need to take care to read the chart correctly. Each complete 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 box represents 150,000 widgets. Company B made one-and-a-half 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more boxes. That last box is not a full box, as you can see by its size and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by the dashed lines on the right end. Choice (B) represents one box 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 worth of difference (150,000 widgets), while choice (D)represents two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complete boxes of widgets as the difference. Answer (C) is correct, since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it shows a difference in production of one-and-a-half boxes (150,000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 widgets 1 75,000 widgets 5 225,000). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. A Since you are told that x is odd, you should suspect that the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would have something to do with being odd or even or neither. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes choices (A) or (B) the prime suspects. x cannot be even because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an even number raised to an even power must be even. Try giving x an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 odd value, like 3. x 5 3 5 27. This satisfies the facts given in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem, since 27 is an odd number, so choice (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. E Do not be unnerved by the newness of this concept. All that you need to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know about factorials is provided in the explanation. So be a good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 test-taking robot: Take the numbers they give you and feed them into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the formula. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6! 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 6 3 5 3 4 5 120, choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3! 3 3 2 3 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If you don’t get flustered (and no self-respecting test-taking robot ever 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does), the problem is quite straightforward. You just apply the concept 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of factorial and then multiply to find the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. B Here replace x with three, and then solve: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f(3) 5 (3!) 5 (3 3 2 3 1) 5 (6) 5 36, answer (B). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 425 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
FG
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. A This one’s the toughest factorial problem, but a clue is provided by the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices. Most of the answers are in terms of y. Therefore, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are probably going to have to manipulate so that only y’s remain in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the expression. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To do this, let’s replace the x’s with y’s. Since, and y and x are integers, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x! 5 (y 1 2)!. Substituting this into the problem: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y! y! y! 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x! y 1 2 ! y 1 2 y 1 1 y! y 1 2 y 1 1 ~ ! ~ !~ ! ~ !~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is choice (A). You could also solve the problem by picking values 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the two variables that are consistent with y 1 2 5 x, and then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plugging the values into the factorial fraction and also into the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices. If only one answer choice matches the factorial fraction, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you have the right answer. If two answers match, then pick another set 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of values for the variables and repeat the process. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. A You will probably recall that the determinant of a matrix is found by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cross-multiplying. Since you know the end result is 26, all you need is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the right set-up and the proper computation: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 26 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 27 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~27!~n! 2 ~4!~5! 5 26 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27n 2 20 5 26 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27n 2 20 1 20 5 26 1 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27n 514 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27n 14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27 27 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 5 22 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. E First note that the question asks which statements must be true. Some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 statements could be true under the right conditions, but if they are not 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always true, they are not going to be the right answer for this problem. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now, from p 1 q 5 2q 1 6, you can determine: p 5 q 1 6 by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 subtracting a q from both sides. If p is odd then q is odd, and if p is even 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then q is even (since an odd plus an even is odd and an even plus an even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is even). But neither of them has to be even or odd. Thus I and II are not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 426 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
S D
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessarily true. The same is true for III, since p and q could both be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 odd, which would make their product odd. Choice (E) is the answer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since it’s the only choice left standing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 One last point: this question should have been answered on the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pass. Once you saw the Roman numerals, you should have realized that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it would take some time to answer, and that waiting until the second 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pass would allow you more time to get to questions that might take 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 less time. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. B Look at the graph and you’ll see that there are three distinct regions in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which x is greater than zero: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (1) x to the left of negative three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (2) x between negative one and one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (3) x to the right of three 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Once your eyes give you that information, it’s up to your brain to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 decipher the wilderness of greater than/less than signs and find the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer that describes these three regions correctly. Choice (B) does this. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. E Since the question asks which number must be in Box E, the conditions 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must only allow for one number to be in Box E. There is only one prime 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number, 11, and so it goes in Box B. 9, 12, and 15 are evenly divisible by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 three, and so they go in A, C, and D. You don’t know what order, they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are in, but it doesn’t matter. That leaves 16 for Box E, which means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. D Since B, D, E, and H are all midpoints on their respective lines, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rectangle is divided into four equal rectangles. The diagonal CG divides 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the two smaller rectangles it traverses into halves. One-half of each of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these two rectangles is shaded, so a total of one of the smaller rectangles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is shaded. Since the smaller rectangles are equal in size and there are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 four of them, one-fourth of the larger rectangle is shaded or 25%, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. D Since n is the same thing as n1, you are looking to raise n n so that the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resulting exponent is 1. Remember that when you raise a number to an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exponent, you multiply the exponents. What multiplied with yields 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one? The answer is its reciprocal, . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2p p 2p 2n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 S DS D 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~ n n ! 5 n n p 5 n . So (D) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 427 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. A A straightforward way to start this problem is simply to start with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first prime number. 2 and 3 cannot be n, but 5 could since 3, 5, and 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could form a prime triplet. Continuing on with the prime numbers to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fifty, there is not another prime number whose closest primes are two 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 more and two less than itself. Thus the answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. B If a geometry figure is described but not drawn, it’s always a good idea 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to sketch the figure yourself. Draw a circle and then one tangent line. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Next draw a second tangent line that is perpendicular to the first. Now 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 draw a third tangent that also is perpendicular to the first. Your sketch 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can only look like this: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your lines could be rotated around, but the interrelationships of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tangents must be the same. The only place to draw a fourth tangent line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that will be perpendicular to two other tangent lines is at the bottom of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the circle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Does this figure look familiar? It should, since it has the same 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appearance as the first geometry problem in this section, question 2. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You have drawn a circle inscribed in a square. The fact that it is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 square could clue you in to the fact that there are two sets of parallel 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lines. You might also recall from your geometry class that two lines that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are perpendicular to the same line are parallel to each other. This means 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that both sets of tangent lines across the circle are parallel. Either way, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (D) is close, but the circle is inscribed in the square, not the other 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 way around. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 428 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The fact that questions 2 and 21 employ the same figure shows you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 how two questions can use the same figure but vary greatly in terms of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficulty. A point to ponder is, “How did the test-takers make the last 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question harder?” First and foremost, no figure was included. This 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should spur you to draw any figure that is not given to you, and make a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hard problem a lot easier to visualize and answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. E You should always take a close look at underlined pronouns in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 identifying sentence error questions. “Registered” in this sentence is an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adjective, and “who” is a pronoun that represents “voters.” Because it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the subject of the verb, “who,” rather than “whom,” is correct. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 addition, there are no other errors in this sentence. So, the answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. C This sentence lacks parallel structure. “Debating” in the first part 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be matched by “setting” in the second part. The answer is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. B There’s an error in diction here. “Affects” is a verb; “effects” is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 noun form. “Side effects” is the desired phrase. Choice (B) is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. B The error here is difficult to detect. The phrase over the last decade 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indicates that the growth is still continuing. This is also indicated in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 present tense form of employs (D). Thus the first verb should be has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 grown instead of had grown. Choice (B) is the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. C Here is another case of missing parallel structure. This is a common 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mistake in this section. Reading widely and making herself need to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 matched by another gerund in part C, such as conducting sophisticated 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 research. The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. E Using “one” might sound awkward to one, but it is not incorrect. Nor 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are there any other errors. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. D The tenses of the verbs in this sentence are not consistent; this is another 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 favorite error in this type of question. Has undergone should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 matched with has exploded. The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. D In comparing two things (films in this case), one should use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comparative case of an adjective and not the superlative. Best, choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D), is superlative and not comparative (better would be correct), and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so it is incorrect. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 429 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. C You agree with a noun, and that a phrase. (A) is idiomatically correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is no error in (B). You may use reasonable for with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 construction here (subject 1 infinitive). No error there. To not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acquiesce is acceptable for spoken speech, but in written language it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should be not to acquiesce. There’s the rub. The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. C A country (Canada) requires the pronoun it, not they. The problem is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore in choice (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. E This sentence is unnecessarily wordy. Having published her first novel, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the author is a lot snappier and more direct. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. D Here, despite is not used in a grammatically correct way. Despite the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fact that is grammatically correct, but it is unnecessarily wordy and it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not appropriately joined with a semicolon. How about just but? That’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. C This sentence might have sounded okay to you, but it has a misplaced 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifier. These are very popular mistakes in the sentence correction 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 questions. The phrase after he had worked on his serve for a few days 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifies the noun player, so player must be right next to it. Only (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (C) accomplish this. Choice (B), however, changes the sense of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 original sentence. The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. C In sentence construction parallel parts of a sentence should have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parallel forms. In this sentence the verbs portray and reveal are parallel, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but in the original sentence construction they are not in parallel form. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) corrects this mistake. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. B This is another favorite of the test writers: Any time you have “not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only” you need to signal the contrasting phrase with “but also.” The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer here is therefore (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. A There is no error here. The answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. A There is not a grammatical error in the underlined portion, and none of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the alternatives improve upon the original. Because you do not repeat 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the subject, there is no comma needed before the underlined portion. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Were you to choose answer (C), you would need to add a comma. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. D Here the error is logical rather than grammatical per se. The first part of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence emphasizes sympathy, but the second part focuses on 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative human qualities. You need a contrasting coordinator. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaves (D) and (E). (D) is the better choice. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 430 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. E It was not because Pancho Villa’s raid was part of the tumult of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Mexican revolution that it prompted a retaliatory expedition. There9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fore is misused. Simply delete it and you have a correct sentence. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (E). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. A There is nothing grammatically wrong with the underlined portion, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 none of the other choices improve on the wording of the sentence. (A) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the best choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. E Right away, you should notice two sentences in passive voice and think 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about making them active. Only (D) and (E) do that. (D) includes an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 imprecise 2ing verb. The test writers love to throw these around. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Sometimes they are the right answer, but you should always scrutinize 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them. Here (E) is a much sharper sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22. A Doesn’t sentence 2 seem too specific? It is really an explanation for why 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the men couldn’t use their limbs. It should therefore follow sentence 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23. D What is the logical connection between the two sentences? The first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 deals with the highest trip. The second deals with the largest balloon. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now has nothing to do with that. Neither does in the nineteenth 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 century. You don’t want to begin with either of these. Moreover 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 represents paragraph 2 as an extension of the ideas in paragraph 1, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which is also inaccurate. The easiest thing to do is simply get rid of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 now, (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24. C Sentence combination is huge in this section. This example is trickier 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than most. It already has an and in the first sentence, so if you use and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 again your sentence will start to sound like a run-on. Here, too, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2ing verb is imprecise. Which should really go very close to the noun it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifies, so eliminate (A). But implies a contrast, when all of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ideas are similar, so you can eliminate (E). Go with the semicolon (C). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25. D All of whom returned safely is not a complete sentence. It modifies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “passengers” in the preceding sentence. Only (D) addresses that major 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 26. E What’s missing in this sentence is where. As it stands now, it implies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that literacy program is the direct object of working. Choices (D) and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) correct the error, but (D) makes undesirable changes to the verb 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tenses. (E) is the best answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 431 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27. B That had automobiles should not be separated by commas because it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an integral part of the category being described, not an added 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 description. But it isn’t correct in written English to write people that. It 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 has to be people who (or people whom if what follows positions the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people as the object of a verb). The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 28. D The sentence as it stands is a bit of a disaster. It sounds like a run-on: it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 just goes on and on like the Energizer Bunny. So what you will want to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do is make it more direct, showcasing the important parts and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 subordinating the descriptions that are really secondary. You also need 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a comma after It is hard to believe. Start with the easiest thing, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (A) and (C) off the bat. Which of (B), (D), and (E) makes the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence more direct? Definitely not (E). Choice (B) gets rid of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second comma/and combination, which could be good. But is a colon 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 really in order here? No. The best answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 29. A This is a little tricky because the repetition here does serve a purpose; it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 isn’t just extra wordage that got in the author’s way. Basically, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentences are a list. When you have clauses that form a list (or other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things requiring lots of words and/or punctuation), you separate them 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with semicolons rather than commas. (A) looks good. All of the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answers, except (D), change the sense of the original ever so slightly. (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could be possible if it had and before the last clause, but (A) is still 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30. B While it would be possible to add a comma after convenience, it doesn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make much sense to add one after necessity. Changing you live to one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 lives is possible, but not required. So is adding Desert. The comma after 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 apparently isn’t strictly required, but it is desirable. The only absolutely 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 necessary change is to replace “there” with “they are” (choice B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “There are” might have been more difficult to rule against (though still 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 incorrect), but the sentence doesn’t even say there are; it just says there. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 432 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. A What is the name of the kind of talk that is delivered at a funeral? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eulogy. If you know this, the answer pops out at you. If you did not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know it, consider each of the choices in their turn. Epigraph is a quote 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the beginning of a piece of writing. Eponymy is something with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 same name as something else. Epitaph is what is written on a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gravestone. That leaves (A) and (B). Elegy is a poem written in memory. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You don’t “give” a poem. That leaves (A), the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. C On this dual-blank sentence, let’s do the first blank first since we know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the blank was an encouragement to the rest of the team. Good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 spirits would be an encouragement to the rest of the team. You can 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (D) and (E). As for the second blank, what does a string of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 defeats do to a team? It discourages them. (A), elated, does not match 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this. Nor does (B), inundated. But (C), dispirited, fits well and you’ve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already eliminated (D) and (E). Choice (C) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. B You might not know what resorted means, but if you know it’s a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative word, you can make an educated guess. Which of the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices is also a negative verb? (A), (C), and (D) are not. (E) is not a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good answer because swindling has nothing to do with campaigning. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B) is the best choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. E The second half of the sentence gives more clues, so you ought to start 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there. What are cats most likely to do to dogs? Avoid them, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 probably—which will lead you to (E), the correct answer. But for good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measure, let’s eliminate the other possibilities. For a cat to undermine a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dog isn’t logical. Being undermined is something that happens to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 humans or projects, so you can definitely eliminate (D). One could say 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that a cat enticed a dog to do something, but it isn’t good usage simply 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to say that the cat enticed the dog. Eliminate (A). Is it likely for a cat to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 gracefully apprehend a dog? No. Eliminate (C). The only possibilities 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 left are (B) and (E). A cat might possibly defeat a dog in battle, but use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the other clues. Defeat and “gracefully” don’t go well together, and it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t make sense for a battle to happen while the cat is creeping 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 across the lawn. Eliminate (B). The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. A Attack the second blank first. The most likely adjective to describe 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attention will be something like undivided or rapt. (A), which includes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rapt, is the answer. (B), which includes spellbound, is also possible. But 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pointed anecdotes doesn’t make sense, so the answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 433 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. E You know the word is going to be negative: both bogged and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contentious tell you so. Eliminate (B). Now think that the word is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 basically going to mean mess. You can eliminate (A) and (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Conundrum is a confusing problem, not really a messy situation. (E) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. B Here the first blank seems more approachable. The reference to a clear 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leader indicates that the outcome was known. Eliminate (A) and (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the second blank, the clue is that the leader misstepped and so rest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the competitors must have gotten a chance at the title, but they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 weren’t assured a victory. Eliminate (D) and (C). The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. D Consider the first blank. The word though indicates that the drug was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intended to be beneficial but ultimately was not. Do any of the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices mean not beneficial? (A), (D), and (E) do. How would the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 medical community respond to a bad result? Ostensibly they would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 think that a bad result was bad. That eliminates (A) and (E). This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaves (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. B A life that only lasts 24 hours is what in comparison to a normal human 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 life? It is short. Which of the answer choices contains the notion of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shortness in its meaning? (B), ephemeral, does. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. E What is a species likely to do in an environment? It either grows in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number or diminishes in number. Each of the first words, except in (B), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could mean one of those things. Eliminate (B). When you discover that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there is an abundance of food, you know that the first word will suggest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the kangaroos increased in numbers. Eliminate (A) and (D). Now 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you need the second part of the sentence. To grow in numbers, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 kangaroos will need an absence or near absence of predators. Eliminate 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C). You are left with (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. C The best clue in this sentence is “fears.” Citizens with fears can only be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 concerned or alarmed. That leaves (B) and (C). It’s not particularly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 logical to say that a speech is designed to ignore something. On the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other hand, it is common to use assuage with fears. The best answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is C. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. A Let’s attack the first blank. If the female is a fencing champion then she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must be skillful with her rapier (her sword). Which of the first answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices matches skillful? Choices (A), (B), and (E) do. (C) is possible but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not likely. As for the second blank, the conjunction but indicates that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 her skillfulness in fencing is in contrast to her lack of skill in other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sports. Which of the remaining second answer choices matches with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this pre-guess? Only awkward, choice (A), does. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 434 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. B There is a contrast drawn in the sentence between receiving accolades— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 praise, awards—and Jane Goodall’s initial standing in her field. She 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must have met with a lack of support or outright disapproval. Eliminate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) because it is illogical. Eliminate (C) because it goes with, rather than 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 against, accolades. An acolyte is someone who assists a clergyman, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can eliminate (A). You are left with (B) and (D). A charlatan is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fake, an incompetent. If the sentence said, “Some people thought she 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was a ——,” charlatan might work, but it says she actually was “a —-.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 She couldn’t have been a fake and later gotten awards. Eliminate (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You are left with (B), a maverick, an independent thinker, a dissenter, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a pioneer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. D This sentence is contrasting the views of Alston and Mario (the conjunc9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion but clues you into this fact). Alston thinks that the lecture was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 impressive, which probably means smart, accurate, logical. Mario’s view 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is in contrast to this. You can eliminate (A) and (C). Recondite is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 likely to be a word to describe a lecture, so eliminate (B). You are left 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with specious or fictitious. Specious means logically false; fictitious comes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from fiction, and presumably the philosopher didn’t tell a story but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rather made an argument. Choice (D) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. A If you know that insinuation is a negative word, you can guess that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first blank will describe a logical response to a negative thing. Balk is a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 common word in this situation, but if you don’t know that use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 process of elimination. You can eliminate (B) and probably (D) because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they are not negative words. Move to the next blank. If the official’s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 response is negative, it’s most logical that he is accused of having 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something to do with the economic woes. Eliminate (C). That leaves (A) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (E) as the most likely answers. But you don’t “rile” at something; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it’s not good usage. Eliminate (E) and you are left with (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. D The author is speaking generally in this first paragraph. Global 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 warming and species extinction are two big, general problems; he refers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to them in a positive light at “maintaining global climate and genetic 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 resources.” “Genetic resources” refers diverse species of plants and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 animals, choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. E The author mentions that Los Amigos is relatively pristine, and that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rainforest is facing threats. Eliminate (A) and (B). He isn’t talking in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage about restoring the rainforest, but preventing future damage. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (C). He does not say that every other part of the rainforest is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 already destroyed beyond repair. Your logic should tell you that. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (D) and you are left with (E), the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 435 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. A First go back and get the context of the use of this phrase. It refers to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 land being set aside for conservation use. The only possibility is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. D This is a difficult question because it requires you to infer the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The best way to do that is to eliminate the least likely answers and then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see what’s left. The passage tells you that the agreement was “the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 long-term permanently renewable conservation concession.” There are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two references to time in this sentence, so the answer must have to do 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with time—that leaves (B), (D), and (E). The author isn’t really 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interested in the legal aspects, though, so eliminate (E). Because he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 includes both “long-term” and “renewable,” the agreement probably 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wasn’t the first contract that was simply one or the other. Eliminate (B). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That leaves you with (D), the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. C This is a question that you should be asking yourself as you read through 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage. The passage begins by discussing the importance of conser9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vation efforts in Amazonia and then links the work at the Los Amigos 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 watershed with this goal. The correct answer will contain both of these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things. (A) is too general. (B) isn’t accurate—he doesn’t focus on elimi9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nating bad things but on continuing good things. (C) sounds good. (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is incorrect because the passage is not primarily about the Peruvian gov9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ernment. (E) points to one issue that the passage discusses but lacks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 many of the other issues the passage discusses. (C) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. D This question calls for a little nuance. He does advocate for his project, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but does not position it against other projects. Eliminate (A). (B) is too 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 general. (C) is not accurate—he does not condemn the government. (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sounds good. (E) uses language that is too strong—he is not a zealot, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but a scientist making his case in calm, rational language. (D) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22. E The author positions his project as complementary to other projects. These 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scientists are examples of the other amenable projects. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23. E This is a tricky answer because the right choice is the one you’d least 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expect. The author focuses on working with plants in the watershed, but 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the last word of the passage mentions an “herbarium,” which through 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context clues and word study, you can guess means a laboratory where 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plants are grown. Eliminate (A). The author mentions studying “human9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plant” interactions in paragraph 6. Eliminate (B). Somewhat surprisingly, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the author is in favor of pharmaceutical use of Amazon plants, as he 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 indicates in paragraphs 1 and 5 and implies in paragraph 6. Eliminate (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) is obviously not the answer. You might think that because he focuses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on naming, he means labeling, but in fact it is a scientist on another project, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Robin Foster, who actually labeled plants. (E) is the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 436 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24. B As always, first go back and read the section cited in the question. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence in which “providing names” occurs, mentions communication 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about plants and the animals that use them. You will recall that earlier 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the passage, it was stated that one of the major projects in studying 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Amazonia was discovering new species. One hurdle for communication 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 among scientists once a species is discovered is standardizing the name 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the species. This is how “providing names” will facilitate communi9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cation. Choice (B) correctly points this out. (If you had difficulty with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this question, notice that all the other choices mention issues not 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 directly addressed in the passage. That is a strong indicator that an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is incorrect.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25. A The author’s full argument goes, “To be informed, we must develop 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 knowledge. To develop knowledge, we must collect, organize, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disseminate information. In this sense, botanical information has 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conservation value.” The author is arguing that being informed is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essential for conservationism, and so in this sense botanical informa9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tion has conservation value. So even though (B), (C), (D), and (E) are all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things the author might agree with, only (A) captures the meaning of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the argument made here. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 26. B You might confuse repeated use of the word watershed with an actual 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discussion of water pollution, but the author doesn’t mention water 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pollution explicitly. The answer is (B). If you don’t get this right away, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can arrive at it by eliminating the others. He does clearly mention 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 all of the other choices. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27. C The author is talking about how his work at Los Amigos relates to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other conservation projects, and how the Los Amigos area is related to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other environmentally protected areas. Only (C) captures that meaning. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 5 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. C For every positive integer, there is a negative integer the same distance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from zero. This means that there are an equal number of positive and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative integers. Therefore each set contains the same number of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 members, which is choice (C). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. B Four sweaters cost p dollars, and so 12 sweaters at the regular price 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would cost 3p (4 3 3 5 12). Since the sweaters are half-off, the 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 3p 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sweaters only cost half as much, , choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 437 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. C This fraction looks complicated, but realize that the numerator and de9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nominator are both fractions. You might then see that the numerator 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is less than the denominator , and so this fraction is less than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one. That eliminates (D) and (E) as possible answer choices. You have to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simplify the fraction to find the answer, and since you’re dividing frac9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tions, remember to multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 2 4 2 5 10 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 . (C) is the answer. 5 4 5 3 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 3 5 3 4 12 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. E Here you just need to plug in and be careful. If x 5 3 then y 5 1 because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 5 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If y 5 1, then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 10 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z! z!1 5 ~ ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 z 5 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. C y 5 mx 1 b is the equation for a line, so the wiggly lines of choices (D) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (E) cannot be correct. A negative m means the slope is negative, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the line must slant down when viewed from left to right. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminates (A). The y-intercept b is positive, so the line must cross the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y-axis above the x-axis. This is true of (C), so it’s the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. A This problem requires a little careful decoding, but all the steps are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 straightforward. The first part of the order is 2 H-M, which are two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 medium hats. Usually the hats are $12 each, so two would cost $24, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since all medium-sized items are 25% off, the price is reduced. Twenty9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 five percent of 24 is 6, so together the two medium hats cost $18 ($24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 minus $6). The next part is 2 H-L, which is two large hats, and together 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 438 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
SD
SD
S D
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they cost $24. The last part of the order is 1 SH-M, one medium shirt, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which costs $9 since it is 25% off ($3 is 25% of $12, the normal cost of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the medium shirt). Adding up 18 1 24 1 9 5 51, answer (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. A The task here is to solve for x. The test makers are betting that the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 square root symbol will throw you off a bit. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5=x 1 15 5 30 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5=x 1 15 2 15 5 30 2 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5=x 5 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 15 = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 3 = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x59 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Answer (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. D Here there is no shortcut. We have to factor and then simplify. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x2 2 x 2 12 x 2 4!~x 1 3! x -4!~x 1 3! ~ ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2x 1 2x 2 12 2~x 1 x 2 6! 2~x 1 3!~x 2 2! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 . (D) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 x 2 2 ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. C The first thing to do is to have it clearly in mind what the graph of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f(x) 5 x2 looks like. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 439 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This shape comes about as a result of the x2 term. When f(x) 5 x2, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fact that all x values are squared makes every y value positive (keep in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mind that f(x) acts as the y value). This graph has no negative y values, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but to find the right answer, it must now be rotated clockwise. This 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means rotating to the right. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s a good way to visualize this. Hold up your left hand, and make a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bowl-shape with your fingers on one side and your thumb on the other. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The tips of your fingers and thumbs should all be point towards the ceil9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ing. This is your graph before rotation. Now take your left hand and shift 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it 90° to the right; in essence, snap your wrist down. The tips of your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fingers and thumb should now be pointing to the right. Find the answer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice that looks like the position of your left hand. (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. E The correct ordered pair has to satisfy two conditions, x 2 y . 2 and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 y . 4. Let’s start with the first condition and take it from there. In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 order for x 2 y . 2, x must be greater than y by more than two. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminates choices (A), (B), and (D). Now you have only two choices left 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to check the second condition, x 1 y . 4. If you add the x and y values 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of choice (C) together you get 4, but the value must be greater than 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E) has to be the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. A The best way to approach a problem like this is to use one of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equations and solve for one of the variables in terms of the other. Then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can place that answer into the second equation. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This problem succumbs quite nicely to this strategy. Take the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equation and solve for y in terms of x. Cross-multiplication makes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this simple. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 5 y 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can now substitute this information into x 1 y. Subbing in for y: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 y 5 x 1 2x 5 3x, which is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. B There are two main ways to approach this problem. You can come up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a snazzy algebraic formula, or you can go to the answer choices 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and start cranking in numbers. Let’s use the crank method. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whichever method you use, you must first determine how much 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Quentin paid for the three hot dogs. This is done by subtracting $7.34 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 from $10, giving you $2.66. This is the price, including tax, of three 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hot dogs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 440 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 With the crank method, starting with the middle answer choice (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 often yields a clue, even if it’s incorrect. Choice (C) has a hot dog at 86 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cents. Add 6 or 7 cents sales tax to this, and then multiply by three. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You get: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3(86 1 7) 5 3(93)5279 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can add the entire amount of sales tax per dollar, 7 cents, or you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can take into account the fact that 86 cents is not quite an entire 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dollar, so Quentin might not owe the entire 7 cents sales tax. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 might seem vague, but the question does allow for some wiggle room 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since it asks “which is closest to the price . . .” Whether you use 6 or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 cents sales tax, the same answer works best both ways. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You know that Quentin spent $2.66, or 266 cents. Answer choice (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comes out at 279 cents, which is 13 cents too many. This means that (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is incorrect because it’s too great. If (C) is too great, then (D) and (E) are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even greater, so they must also be incorrect. This leaves (A) and (B). Try 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B). If it also too great, then the answer must be (A). Here’s (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3(82 1 7) 5 3(89) 5 267 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is only one penny off. If you use a 6-cent sales tax, it is only 2 cents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 off. (B) is closest to the price of the hot dog, so it’s the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 441 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. D Since the triangles are congruent, you know that the bottom right angle 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the left triangle is a right angle. You also know that the side opposite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x=3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of b is , and from this you can deduce that the side adjacent to b 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is by using the Pythagorean theorem. Here’s what the computation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would look like: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a 1b 5c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3x = 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1b 5x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 1 b 5 x x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 x 1b 5x 2 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 4 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sides of this right triangle, then, are in the proportions of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30-60-90 triangle. And since angle b is opposite the second largest side, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 its measure is 60°, choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. C You can infer that the figure is a square since all the sides must be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent because they are all formed by points equidistant from zero. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To find the area of the square, you only need the length of one side. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can get this two ways: you can use the distance formula for two points 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or you can take a shortcut and realize that the square is cut into four 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 45-45-90 triangles by the y- and x-axes. The length of each non9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypotenuse side of these triangles is 2, so the hypotenuse must be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2=2. This hypotenuse is also the length of the square’s side, so place 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this value into the area of a square formula: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 s 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 ~2=2! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 4 3 2 5 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 442 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
S D
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. E The smallest percentage difference is going to be the year where the flu 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 column and the cold column are closest. (The converse is not true for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the greatest percentage difference.) Eyeing the chart is the fastest way to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine the answer. The values in the columns for 2000 look and are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the closest, and so the percentage difference is the least. (E) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. D Cold cases (white bar) have to be greater than flu cases (shaded bar), so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 there are only two decades that could be the correct answer, 1970 and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1990, choices (B) and (D). In 1970, the number of cold cases is about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 twice as many as the flu (2,000 to 1,000), so the percentage difference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would be 100%. This makes 1990, choice (D), the answer by default, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but you can see that the percentage difference works out to about 25% 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since there were roughly 4,000 cold cases and 3,000 flu cases. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. A You may want to save Roman numeral questions for the second pass! A 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 judicious use of POE will help you out on this one, though. Looking at 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 I, angles 6 and 12 are both formed by the same intersecting line, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they are congruent. Since I must be true, you can take this information 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and cross out any answer choices that do not have I in them. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Surprisingly, this gets rid (B), (C), and (D). The answer is either (A) (I 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only) or (E) (I and II only). Since these are the only choices, you do not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even have to worry about III. Check II, and if it must be true, then the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (E). If it isn’t true, the answer must be (A). As it turns out, 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 9 are not congruent, so the answer is choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. A This problem looks rather complicated, but the negative in front of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a simplifies it. If 2a2b is positive, then a must be negative and raised 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to an odd power. To get your head around this, consider that if a were 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 positive, the entire expression could not be positive. So (A) must 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be true. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. D The first thing to recognize here is that the figure is composed of three 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangles, and since all the line segments are congruent, all the triangles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are equilateral and congruent to each other. Equilateral triangles are all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 60-60-60 triangles, and so both a and b are 60. Choice (D) is true. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. C Since the boys cannot sit by seat 3, both girls always have to be sitting in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seat 2 and 4. The boys have to be in seats 1 and 5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the first girl is in seat 2, then the second is in seat 4. If the first boy is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in seat 1 the second boy is in seat 5. That is one arrangement. The boys 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 could switch seats, and that is a second arrangement. The girls could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also switch seats, and this would yield another two possible arrange9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ments. That gives four total, (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 443 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 2c
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. E There is a little formula that can be used, and you can draw up a Venn 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 diagram if you like, but if you keep your head you can reason your way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 through this problem. If 52 students are in neither class, then 98 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 students are in algebra or geometry. The question states that “73 are in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 geometry and 62 are in algebra,” so that would be a total of 73 1 62 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 135 students. Since this number is greater than the number (98) of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 students you found earlier, the difference between 135 and 98 must be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the number of students enrolled in both algebra and geometry. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difference is 37 (135 2 98 5 37), choice (E). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 6 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. B In reference to the discovery of DNA, the passage states, the study of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 life could now be performed with more abstract methods of analysis. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) makes the same point, using the same key word, while all the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices either go beyond what the passage actually states (e.g. (A), the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage does not say that the study of lipids and proteins became 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 irrelevant; (C) basically says the same thing) or bring in topics not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentioned in the passage (e.g. (D), Mendelian genetics is not mentioned 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in the passage). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. E The passage contrasts “wet and dirty“ study of lipids and proteins with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the information-based study of DNA. In this sense “wet and dirty“ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 involves intensive laboratory work with things like lipids and proteins. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It is not haphazard guessing (A). Choice (E) states this correctly, also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drawing on language in the passage (information-based). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. D The passage says that Saunders was a writer on Western topics who was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 widely read in the past. (D) fits with this. (A) does not. The passage does 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not say anything like (B), (C), or (E). Thus (D) is the best choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. A The passage reads, many of the groups who popularized rock and roll 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 consciously were attempting to emulate the work of blues greats such as 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 B. B. King. Choice (A) is an accurate paraphrase of the information 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. C Antecedent means coming before. Even if you don’t know the word, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can use word analysis to figure out that it has something to do with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before. Don’t confuse ante- with anti- (against). You can eliminate (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (E). Referent is a synonym for antecedent only in grammatical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 usage. Eliminate (B). You are left with antebellum, meaning before the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 war, or causal, meaning causing. Causal is more specific and more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 logical. (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 444 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. C The passage begins by describing the Seneca Falls convention as the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organized attempt for woman’s voting rights (read the first sentences of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage to see this). AWSA and NWSA came after Seneca Falls. (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and (E) refer to information provided in Passage 2. Choice (C) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. A The passage states that the Seneca Falls conference did not have an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 immediate effect because the nation became embroiled in issues related 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the coming Civil War. Knowledge of the dates of the Civil War will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 help you avoid confusing it with World War I. It was the Civil War, (A), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that pushed the woman’s voting rights movement to the background of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the national consciousness. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. B Here it is best to go back to the passage and clarify in your own mind 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the distinctions drawn between the NWSA and the AWSA. The NWSA, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which the question asks about, focused their efforts on federal and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 constitutional issues, whereas the AWSA focused on state-level issues. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So (B) is the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. B Don’t be distracted by the wrong answers. Without even reading the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage, you could guess that the conflict between two organizations 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was resolved when they combined. The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. D The author of Passage 1 doesn’t have a very strong opinion, so you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (A) and (E). Now you need to decide if the author’s opinion, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 however subtle, is positive or negative. It seems positive. For example, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the author describes the work of the NAWSA as important. Thus the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct answer will be positive. That eliminates (B) and (C). The answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. A The first question is to determine what the “ultimate victory of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 woman’s suffrage movement“ is. The first paragraph of the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage makes it clear the author views the passing of the amendment 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the constitution as the “ultimate victory,” and this occurred with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Tennessee approving the amendment. So (A) is the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. C The earliest time that the second passage points to is the 1870s (the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage refers to the Seneca Falls convention in 1848), and so (C) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. C The second passage describes “partial suffrage“ as the right to, “vote in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prohibition measures.” All of the examples but (C) refer to local affairs. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (C) refers to something mentioned only in Passage 1 (which was, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 moreover, before the 1848 Seneca Falls convention). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 445 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. B The second passage argues that the “partial suffrages“ showed that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 woman could “responsibly and reasonably participate in a representa9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tive democracy.” These examples made the reasoning of nonsuffragists, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that woman were not fit to vote, difficult to maintain. Choice (B) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correctly points to this same idea. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. E To answer a question like this you have to clearly have in mind which 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage discusses what. Neither passage mentions the number of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 amendment that gave women the right to vote. The second passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentions when the amendment became law in the first paragraph, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you can eliminate (A). The first passage mentions the Civil War in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first paragraph. The first passage mentions the leaders of NWSA in the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second paragraph. The second passage is all about “partial suffrages,” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and you’ve confirmed this in question 14. The only possible answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. A Recall that the author of the second passage saw the “partial 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suffrages,” the local successes of the woman’s movement in the 1870s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 1880s, as crucial to the ultimate success of the movement. The first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage says that AWSA focused on state-level issues. Choice (A) states 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as much and is the best choice. NWSA was specifically interested in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 federal and constitutional issues, so (B) is factually incorrect. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author of passage two agrees that the constitutional amendment was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the ultimate success of the suffrage movement, so he or she would not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 agree with (C). (D) also contradicts that view. (E) is more difficult to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate, but the author of Passage 2 doesn’t mention any differences 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 within the suffrage movement. Choice (A) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 446 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 7 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. This one is all about PEMDAS. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 3 1 4 2 3 4 5 2 9 1 4 2 12 ~ ! ~ ~ !! ~ ! ~ ! @ # 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 2 81 1 28 162 1 64 ~ ! ~ ! @ # 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 162 1 64 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 226 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Remember when you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 switch the direction of the inequality sign: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22 2 3x . 13 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22 2 22 2 3x . 13 2 22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x . 29 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23x 29 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 , 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23 23 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x , 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The only two positive integers less than 3 are 2 or 1. Either one is an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 acceptable answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. The cost will include the initial charge and the minute rate times thirty, 0.40 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 0.06(30) 5 0.40 1 1.80 5 2.20. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. A good, no-nonsense way to find the least common multiple (LCM) is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiply both numbers by increasing positive integers until both multiply to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the same number. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 3 2 5 48 18 3 2 5 36 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 3 3 5 72 18 3 3 5 54 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 3 4 5 96 18 3 4 5 72 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 3 6 5 120 18 3 5 5 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 3 6 5 144 18 3 6 5 108 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18 3 7 5 126 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18 3 8 5 144 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Both numbers multiply out to 72, so this is the answer. Creating these two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tables would take a lot of time if you didn’t have a calculator, but since you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do, make the most of it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 447 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. If x is any negative number, then the inequality will hold true because the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 absolute value bars will knock the value up well over 2. If you don’t see this, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plug in some negative numbers. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Thinking positively, if x . 5 then the inequality is also true. The only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 remaining integers are 0–5. Plugging zero into the inequality, it still holds 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 true. But if you plug 1–5 in, the inequality is not true. Thus any integer 1, 2, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3, 4, 5 is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. This problem works very much like a function machine. Take the number 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they give you and place it into the equation, then solve. For the eleventh 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 term, k will be equal to 11, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 11 1 1 12 k 1 1 10 10 120 ~ ! ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 5 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 k21 11 2 1 10 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. If you do not see the answer by visualizing the points, you can always use the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 formula for the midpoint. It is just the average of the coordinates (in this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 case, the y coordinates) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 y 2 1 6 8 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 5 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. You can use trigonometric functions to solve this problem, or you could use 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the Pythagorean theorem since this is a right triangle (the measure of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles have to sum to 180 and you know the measures of two of the three 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles, 40 and 50, sum to 90. This means the third angle must be 90.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 a 1b 5c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 42 1 ~2=5! 5 c2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 16 1 20 5 c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 36 5 c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 5 c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is 6. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. The mean is the average, so we have to add up all the numbers and divide by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the total: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 7 1 4 1 3 1 6 1 2 1 2 24 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The median is the number in the middle if you line up all the numbers from 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 greatest to least. Since there is an even number of numbers, the median will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be the average of the two middle numbers, {2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7}. The median then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the average of 3 and 4, or 3.5. The difference between the two is 0.5 or . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 448 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. Draw this picture! Two lines that are perpendicular to the same line are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 parallel. To see this, draw one line perpendicular to another, and then draw 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a third line perpendicular to the second; it will be parallel to the first line). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That means a and c are parallel, which implies they have the same slope, . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. This might appear complicated, but a few careful substitutions and you will 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have the answer. When, y 5 3, x 5 5 because x 5 y 1 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now you need to plug this value of x into the function, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f(x) 5 x2 1 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f~5! 5 5 1 3 5 25 1 3 5 28 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. The first step is to sketch the inscribed square. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The sides of the square are =8 since the area is 8. You get this by working 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 backward from the area of a square formula: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A5s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 85s = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 =4 3 2 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2=2 5 s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The longest straight line that originates and terminates on the circumference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the diagonal of the square. Now that you have the side of the square, you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can find the length of its diagonal because two sides of the square and its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypotenuse make a 45-45-90 right triangle. The diagonal is the hypotenuse, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so it will be 2 times greater than a side. = 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This means the diagonal of the square is: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~2=2!~=2! 5 2=4 5 2 3 2 5 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 449 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. Our range of numbers to meet the conditions is 1000 to 1198. The only way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to meet the two conditions in the 1100’s is to have the ones and units sum to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 since with the two 1’s (in the hundreds and thousands place) will make 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sum 17. But this is impossible, since two numbers that are the same 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cannot sum to an odd number. Therefore, the answer must be in the 1000’s. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1011 is far too less a sum of digits, and 1099 is too great, but not by much. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Try 1088. It sums to 17. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you might expect, answers will vary. If possible, politely ask a teacher, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fellow student, or some other person knowledgeable about formal essay 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writing to review your essay and provide feedback on ways in which the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essay is commendable and on areas where it could be improved. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 450 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
Scoring Worksheet
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 MATH 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Number Number Raw 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Correct Incorrect 5 Score 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (.25 3 ) 5 Section 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 5 2 (.25 3 ) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 7 2 (.25 3 ) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 CRITICAL READING 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Sections 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1, 4, and 6 2 (.25 3 ) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 WRITING 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 3 2 (.25 3 ) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 8 Go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge/ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for instant online scoring and feedback. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Scoring Worksheet
451
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 MATH CRITICAL READING 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Raw Math Scaled Raw Math Scaled Raw Verbal Scaled Raw Verbal Scaled 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 78 800 37 510 60 800 28 500 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 77 800 36 510 59 800 27 490 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 76 800 35 500 58 790 26 490 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 75 790 34 500 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 57 770 25 480 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 74 780 33 490 56 760 24 470 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 73 770 32 490 55 740 23 460 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 72 760 31 480 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 54 720 22 460 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 71 750 30 480 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 53 710 21 450 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 70 740 29 470 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 52 700 20 440 7 69 730 28 460 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 51 690 19 430 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 68 720 27 460 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 50 680 18 420 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 67 710 26 450 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 49 670 17 420 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 66 700 25 450 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 48 660 16 410 65 700 24 440 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 47 650 15 410 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 64 690 23 440 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 46 640 14 400 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 63 680 22 430 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 45 630 13 390 62 670 21 420 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 44 620 12 380 61 670 20 410 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 43 610 11 370 60 660 19 410 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 42 600 10 360 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 59 650 18 400 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 41 600 9 350 58 640 17 390 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 57 640 16 380 40 590 8 340 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 56 630 15 380 39 580 7 330 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 55 620 14 370 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 38 570 6 320 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 54 610 13 360 37 560 5 310 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 53 610 12 360 36 560 4 300 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 52 600 11 350 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 35 550 3 280 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 51 600 10 340 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34 540 2 270 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 50 590 9 330 33 540 1 250 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 49 590 8 320 32 530 0 240 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 48 580 7 310 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 31 520 21 220 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 47 570 6 300 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 30 510 22 210 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 46 570 5 290 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 29 510 23 and 200 45 560 4 270 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 below 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 44 550 3 260 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 43 550 2 250 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 42 540 1 240 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 41 540 0 230 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 40 530 21 220 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 39 520 22 210 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 38 520 23 and 200 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 below 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Score Charts
452
Answer Sheets
1
A B D E C O O O O O
6
A B D E C O O O O O
11
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
2
A O
B D E C O O O O
7
A O
B D E C O O O O
12
A O
B D E C O O O O
17
A B D E C O O O O O
3
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
13
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18
A B D E C O O O O O
4
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9
A B D E C O O O O O
14
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19
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5
A B D E C O O O O O
10
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15
A B D E C O O O O O
20
A B D E C O O O O O
1
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7
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12
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17
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SECTION
2
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
13
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18
A B D E C O O O O O
2
3
A O
E O
9
A O
E O
14
A O
E O
19
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
15
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20
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5
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11
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19
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26
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3
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15
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23
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30
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5
3
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14
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SECTION
1
SECTION
4
B O
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C O
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D O
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B O
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C O
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C O
D O
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D O
D O
E O
453
B O
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B O
C O
C O
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C O
D O
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D O
Answer Sheets
SECTION
1
A B D E C O O O O O
5
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6
2
A O
B D E C O O O O
6
A O
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3
A B D E C O O O O O
7
4
A B D E C O O O O O
8
9
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13
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A O
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14
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A B D E C O O O O O
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Practice Test
2 Section 1 20 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 outside knowledge to answer the questions—all the material you will need will be in the passage 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 1. From the passage, it can be inferred that a 7 A bill is the form used for most legislation in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 bill that is designated as H.R. 1 is the the United State Congress. Only constitutional 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 first bill amendments and procedural issues affecting the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 House and Senate are adopted by a resolution, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) voted upon by the House of Repre34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rather than a bill. Bills can be written to be 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sentatives in a particular session of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 permanent or temporary, general or special. A Congress. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 bill originating in the House of Representatives (B) submitted to the House of Represen34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 is designated by the letters “H.R.,” signifying tatives in a particular session of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “House of Representatives,” followed by a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Congress. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 number that it retains throughout all its 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) sent to the Senate from the House of 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 parliamentary stages. The number on the bill is 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Representatives in a particular 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 determined by the order in which it was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 session of Congress. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 submitted during a particular session. Bills are 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) originating in the House of Repre34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 presented to the President for action when 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sentatives signed by the President in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 approved in identical form by both the House 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 a particular session of Congress. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of Representatives and the Senate. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) debated on the floor of the House of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Representatives in a particular 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 session of Congress. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 455
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Given what the passage states about 2. It is implied in the passage that once a bill 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Native American views of nature, which is passed in the House of Representatives 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the following scenarios most accords that it might be sent to which of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with a Native American view? following two places? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Studying a microorganism removed (A) Senate, conference committee 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from its habitat. (B) Senate, House committee 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Studying Earth through satellite (C) Senate, President 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 images. (D) President, Supreme Court 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Studying only animals and sub(E) President, Congress 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 stances with spiritual symbolism. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Native American views of nature have impor(D) Studying a specific organism’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12tant parallels in contemporary ecology. interrelationships with its habitat. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Through traditional customs and symbols like (E) Studying a habitat as a whole. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12the medicine wheel, a circular arrangement of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12stones often interpreted as representing the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Questions 5–12 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122relationship between Earth, air, water, and fire, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Native Americans have long recognized and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12celebrated This passage is about Aaron Copland, one of the the connectedness among all natural 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12things. most celebrated American composers. Indeed, the Native American view of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12world has always been consistent with that of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line Copland’s music of the late 1920s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Earth ecology—that Earth is a single system of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 culminates in two key works, both 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12interconnected parts. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 uncompromising in their modernism: the 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Symphonic Ode of 1929 and the Piano 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. The symbol of the medicine wheel is given Variations of 1930. The fate of these (5) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as a(n) compositions contrasts sharply. While the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Piano Variations is not often performed 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) illustration of how Native Americans 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in concert, it is well known to pianists 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 view the Earth as an interconnected 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 because, although it does contain 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 system. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 virtuoso passages, even those of very (10) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) example of the Native American 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modest ability can “play at” the work in 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 understanding of the four elements. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 private. It represents the twentieth7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) example of the interrelatedness of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 century continuation of the great 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 four basic elements. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tradition of keyboard variations—the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) critique of contemporary ecological 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tradition that produced such works as (15) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 understandings of the Earth. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Bach Goldberg Variations, and 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) contrast to contemporary ecological 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Beethoven’s Diabelli Variations. Cop7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 understandings of the Earth. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 land’s Symphonic Ode, on the other 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hand, remains almost unknown: An 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 intense symphonic movement, it was (20) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 considered unperformable by the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 conductor Serge Koussevitzky, otherwise 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the most potent American champion of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (Some of the folk music he heard in Rio Copland’s work during the first half of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 de Janeiro on this trip appears in his later 7 the century. Koussevitzky did perform a (25) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 works.) Copland in fact envisioned revised version in 1932; but even with a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 “American music” as being music of the 7 second, more extensive revision in 1955, (70) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Americas as a whole. His own use of the Ode is seldom played. It is Copland’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mexican material in the mid-1930s single longest orchestral movement. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 helped make his style more accessible to 7 Perhaps as a reaction to the perfor(30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 listeners not willing to accept the mance problems of the Symphonic Ode, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 challenges of modern symphonic music. Copland’s next two orchestral works (75) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 deal in shorter units of time: the Short 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Symphony of 1933 requires fifteen 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. What is the author’s tone toward Cop34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 minutes for three movements and the six (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 land’s music? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Statements for orchestra of 1935 last 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Strident skepticism 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 only nineteen minutes. Yet, in fact, these 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Clinical objectivity 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 works were more complex than the Ode; 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Respectful description 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in particular, the wiry, agile rhythms of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Qualified enthusiasm 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the opening movement of the Short (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Unqualified praise 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Symphony proved too much for both the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 conductors Serge Koussevitzky and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 6. The word “virtuoso” in line 10 could best 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Leopold Stokowski. In the end it was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 be replaced with Carlos Chávez and the Orquesta Sin34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) ostentatious. fónica de México who gave the Short (45) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) intricate Symphony its premiere. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) raucous. It may have been partly Copland’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) abstruse. friendship with Carlos Chávez that drew 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) publicized. him to Mexico. Copland first visited 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mexico in 1932 and returned frequently (50) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in later years. His initial delight in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 country is related in his letter of January 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13, 1933, to Mary Lescaze, in which he 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 glowingly describes the Mexican people 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and the Mexican landscape. His interest (55) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in Mexico is also reflected in his music, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 including El Salón México (1936) and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Three Latin American Sketches 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (1972). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Mexico was not Copland’s only Latin (60) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 American interest. A 1941 trip to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Havana suggested his Danzón Cubano. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 By the early 1940s he was friends with 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 South American composers such as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Jacobo Ficher, and in 1947 he toured (65) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 South America for the State Department. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 457 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. The author of the passage believes that 7. In the first paragraph the author states 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Copland’s works immediately subsequent that Symphonic Ode and Piano Variations 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to the Symphonic Ode were possibly had different fates in that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 written (A) one was largely ignored while the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) for Copland’s new relationship with other was almost universally praised. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Carlos Chávez and the Orquesta (B) one, a simpler piece, won popular 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Sinfónica de México. acclaim, while the other, a more 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) to be simpler than the Symphonic complex piece, won critical acclaim. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Ode, on account of its difficulty in (C) one, a simpler piece, became widely 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 being performed. known by pianists, but the other, a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) to be shorter than the Symphonic more complex piece, remained 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Ode, because the Ode was not being largely unknown. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 performed. (D) one, featuring Mexican influences, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) to demand even more of conductors was popular in Latin America, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and musicians attempting to play the other, a modernist piece, was 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Copland’s music. popular in the United States. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) to reflect Copland’s new interest in (E) both were initially acclaimed but 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 Latin America. only one became part of Copland’s 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 corpus of beloved works. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. In the sentence beginning “Yet, in fact, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 these works. . .” in lines 37–43 [second 8. Koussevitzky is mentioned as an example 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph], the author suggests that of a(n) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) parts of the Short Symphony simply (A) American conductor who admired 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 weren’t melodic enough to engage Copland’s work, but nonetheless 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 audiences. found some pieces too difficult to 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the Statements were too brief to perform. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 warrant a formal performance. (B) friend of Copland’s who agreed to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) even those who admired Copland’s perform his less popular works. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 work lost patience with the Short (C) European composer who took issue 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Symphony and Statements. with the difficulty of Copland’s 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the Statements and Short Symphony early work. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 determined which performers were (D) musician who appreciated Copland’s 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 truly excellent and which were work but was unable to play it. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 mediocre. (E) European conductor who performed 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the Short Symphony had melodies Copland’s work. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that were too quick to be played 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 even by famous musicians. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 458 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11. The author suggests that Copland believed round, we are still just barely skimming 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (10) Latin American music the surface when you consider that the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 diameter of the Earth is over 8,000 miles. 7 (A) was unfamiliar enough to a North 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 So how much of the Earth can we see 7 American audience that he needed to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 at one time? When you are standing on 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 introduce them to it. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the ground, the horizon is a few miles 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) was different enough from North 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (15) away. When in a tall building, the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 American music that incorporating 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 horizon can be as far as about 40 miles. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 aspects of it would make his music 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 From the International Space Station, the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 unique and exciting. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 distance to the horizon is over 1,000 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) influenced and was influenced by 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 miles. So from horizon to horizon, the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 North American music. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 section of the Earth you can see at any (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) primarily originated in Mexico 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 one time is a patch about 2,000 miles 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and Cuba. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 across, almost enough to see the entire 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) embodied the polar opposite of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 United States at once. It isn’t exactly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modernist aesthetics. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 seeing the Earth like a big blue marble, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 it’s more like having your face up against 7 (25) 12. The sentence beginning “His own use of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 a big blue beach ball. When I look out a 7 Mexican material. . . “ in lines 71–75 sug34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 window that faces straight down, it is gests that the modernist music which also 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 actually pretty hard to see the horizon— influenced Copland’s compositions was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 you need to get your face very close to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) superior in quality to his Latin the window. So what you see out a (30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 American influences. window like that is a moving patch of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) dry and passionless. ground (or water). 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) technically more challenging to From the time a place on the ground 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 perform. comes into view until it disappears over 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) inaccessible but rewarding. the horizon is only a few minutes, since (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) outmoded by the 1930s. we are traveling 300 miles per minute. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 When looking out a sideward facing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 window, you can see the horizon of the Questions 13–20 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Earth against the black background of passage. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 space. The horizon is distinctly curved. (40) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The following passage was written by Ed Lu, an 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The edge of the Earth isn’t distinct but 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 astronaut, while a crew member of the Interna34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rather is smeared out due to the atmo7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tional Space Station. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sphere. Here you can get a feel for how 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line Whenever I get a chance, I spend time 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 relatively thin the atmosphere is com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 just observing the planet below. It turns 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pared to the Earth as a whole. I can see (45) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 out you can see a lot more from up here that the width of the atmosphere on the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 than you might expect. First off, we horizon is about 1 degree in angular size, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 aren’t as far away as some people (5) which is about the width of your index 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 think—our orbit is only about 240 miles finger held out at arms length. There 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 above the surface of the Earth. While this really isn’t a sharp boundary to the (50) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is high enough to see that the Earth is atmosphere, but it gets rapidly thinner 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 459 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. The second half of the second paragraph the higher you go. Not many airplanes 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is primarily concerned with can fly higher than about 10 miles, and 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the highest mountains are only about 6 (A) how one’s location affects one’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(55) miles high. Above about 30 miles there is visual horizon. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 very little air to speak of, but at night 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the thickness and density of the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 you can see a faint glow from what little 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 atmosphere. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 air there is at that height. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) the speed of the International Space 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Since we orbit at an altitude about 40 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Station. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(60) times higher than the tallest mountain, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the visual horizon from atop a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the surface of the Earth is pretty smooth 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tall building. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from our perspective. A good way to 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) being able to see all the Earth at once. 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 imagine our view is to stand up and look 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 down at your feet. Imagine that your eyes 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15. The author compares the view of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(65) are where the International Space Station Earth from a downward-facing window in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is orbiting, and the floor is the surface of the International Space Station to 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Earth. The atmosphere would be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) holding a blue marble at arm’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 about 6 inches high, and the height of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 length. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tallest mountain is less than 2 inches, or 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) having your face up-close to a big 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(70) about the height of the tops of your feet. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 blue beach ball. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Almost all of the people below you 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) looking at the tips of your shoes would live in the first one quarter of an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 when standing up. inch from the floor. The horizon of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) looking at an object that is on the Earth is a little over 20 feet away from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(75) ground fifteen feet away when you where you are standing. If you are 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 are standing up. standing on top of Denver, then about 15 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the view from a high-flying plane. feet to one side you can see San Fran1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 cisco, and about 15 feet to the other side 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 16. In the passage, the author contrasts the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 you can see Chicago. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 view from a window looking “straight 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 down” with the view from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 13. The primary purpose of this passage is to 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the observational deck. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) provide a layperson’s account of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) a sideward-facing window. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Space Station’s motion over the Earth. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) a passenger airliner. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) explain the relationship between the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) a window looking “straight up.” 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 diameter of the Earth and the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the circular windows on the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 thickness of the Earth’s atmosphere. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 space station. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) answer the imagined question, “What 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 do astronauts see from space?” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) give a glimpse of some of the daily 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 activities of astronauts in space. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) discuss the thickness and composi1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tion of the atmosphere. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 460 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 19. The tone of the passage is best described as 7 17. The “faint glow” at night that the author 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 speaks of in the passage comes from (A) fairly technical. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B. highly professional. (A) low-lying atmosphere. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) refreshingly irreverent. (B) the outer edges of the atmosphere. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) engagingly conversational. (C) the eastern horizon of the Earth just 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) lyrically impassioned. before sunrise. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) haze from foreign particulates in the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. From the passage as a whole, it can be atmosphere. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inferred that the astronauts’ training (E) the sun reflecting off aircraft in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 high atmosphere. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) did not prepare them for their free 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 time in space. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 18. In the last paragraph the author provides (B) included a great deal of zero-gravity 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the thought exercise with the reader’s exercises. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 height primarily to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) was more physical than technical. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) involved a strong background (A) demonstrate the distance from 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in math. Denver to San Francisco. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) focused on the astronauts’ communi(B) give the reader a concrete sense of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cation procedures and abilities. the proportions involved in looking 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 down from the space station. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) point out that most humans live at a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 low altitude relative to the height of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the atmosphere. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) illustrate the expansion of one’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 horizon at high altitudes. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) provide visual details of his activities 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in space. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 461 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 2 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2s r 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2x w r s x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 c h h h b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 w 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 s 2 b 3x a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A 5 pr 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 2 2 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. It takes Michael three hours to mow 2d 1. If x 1 4y 5 3 and x 5 2y, then y 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 acres. If Michael mows d acres at the same 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 21 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rate, how many minutes would it take? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 0 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 75 (C) 1 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 90 (D) 2 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 100 (E) 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 120 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 150 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
60
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. If 3f 1 15 5 27, then 3f 2 6 5 7. If =x2 5 2x 1 3, then x 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 2x (A) 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 23 (B) 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) x (C) 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 21 (D) 17 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 4 (E) 20 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 8. If |x 1 1| . |y| then which of the following 7 4. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 expresses the relationship between 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x and y? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) x 1 1 . y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) x 1 1 . y 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) x , y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 What is the value of x 1 y? (D) x . y 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) It cannot be determined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 7=2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 9. 75% of 104 is the same value as 60% of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (C) 7=3 12 what number? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 14 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 130 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) It cannot be determined. (B) 133 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 136 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. Steve bought a snack and a drink for (D) 140 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 $1.30. If the snack costs twenty cents less (E) 144 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 than the drink, how much does the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 drink cost? 10. If 3y 2 x 5 12 is the equation of a line, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 what is twice the value of this line’s (A) $0.50 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y-intercept? (B) $0.55 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) $0.65 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 22 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) $0.75 7 (B) 2 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) $0.80 (C) 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6. If f(x) 5 x 1 x , when x 5 2, f(2x) 5 (E) 24 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 20 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 200 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 260 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 4096 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 463 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11. 14. If A . B . C . D . E, and each is a digit 7 q p 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ᐉ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 through 9, then ABCD 2 { (ABCD) is 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) less than zero. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) between zero and 100. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) between 100 and 500. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) between 500 and 1000. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) more than 1000. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 m 15. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Given the figure above, which of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 following must be a true statement? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) x . y 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) x , y 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) x 5 y 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) x 1 y 5 90 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) x 2 y 5 90 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 12–14 refer to the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12definition. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Let { m be defined for any positive integer m as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12the number obtained when the first and last digit 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12of If RT 5 18, what is the area of the m switch places. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 above circle? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 For example { 4 5 4, { 35 5 53, and 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 6p { 2003 5 3002. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 12p 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12212. { 2323 2 { 2321 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 36p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 81p (A) 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 324p 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 20 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 200 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2000 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 20,000 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 13. If A is a two-digit number between 10 and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20 and ({ A) 5 {(A ), then A 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 11 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 13 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 14 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 16 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 18 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 464 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. 18. Which of the following is the product of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 two prime numbers whose difference is 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 twenty one? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 46 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 51 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 55 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 57 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 58 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 19. What is the distance from the midpoint of 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 DE to the origin, if D(0,12) and E(5,0)? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 According to the above table, which of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 6.5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 following statements is true? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 8.2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) September total sales are 3.5% 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 13 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greater than August total sales. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) September total sales are 2.5% less 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. If 2b 5 (b 2 7)(b 1 3) 2 (2b 1 2)(b 1 5), 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 than August total sales. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 then b equals 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) September total sales are 2.5% 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greater than August total sales. (A) 21 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) September total sales are 5.4% less 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 than August total sales. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 8 (E) September total sales are 5.4% 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 2 greater than August total sales. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 17. 11 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 21. Between 1950 and 2000, the population of 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Cree County tripled every ten years, except 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for the decade of the 1980s when the popu- 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lation of the country fell by one-half. If the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 population of Cree country was 1000 people 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 What is the perimeter of the above figure? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in 1950, what is the population now? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 24 (A) 40,500 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 25 (B) 72,900 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 121,500 (C) 26 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 218,700 (D) 27 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 243,000 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 28 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 465 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 3 30 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Identifying Sentence Errors 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 correct answer. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 word usage, word choice, and idioms. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 than one error. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E). 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The scientists found that there were less 3. The team, which is composed of four 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A A 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 strands of the mold they were studying cyclists, compete against other cycling 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B C B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 than they needed to conduct the experiteams from around the nation and around 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D C D 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ment. No error the world. No error 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E E 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The painter gave a fantastic demonstration 4. Depending on which historian you read, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A A B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for Ada and I and we vowed to utilize the the Pax Romana was either as long as five 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B C C 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 new technique in our own work . No error centuries or as short as three. No error 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D E D E 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 466
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 5. Because they have extensively surveyed the 8. The census statistics was a complex source 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Lower Ohio Valley , Louis and Clark of information, in that the demographers 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B B 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 were well prepared to navigate uncharted knew that certain groups of people were 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 C C 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 territory along the Missouri River. No error more likely to respond than others. 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D E D 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6. The administrator suggested that the staff E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 first focus on contacting 9. Because of the large traffic jam, scarcely 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A A 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 prospective participants for the upcoming no one from the group made it to the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B B C 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 seminar and then on follow-up with airport in time to catch the flight to the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 C D D 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 previous speakers. No error conference in San Antonio. No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7. The Ottoman Empire initiated better trade 10. Even though he had the title of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A B A 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 relations with the Austrian Empire when Vice-President of Operations, his duties 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 its border disputes with Russia and responsibilities were not much greater 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 C C 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 were resolved (D). No error than a midlevel manager. No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D E D E 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 467 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Improving Sentences 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choice, sentence construction, and punctuation. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. If you 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Answer choices (B), (C), (D), and (E) contain alternative phrasings of the underlined 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A). 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. Widely considered one of the most 11. In an effort to make the Constitution both 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 original poets of all time, Gerard Manley more accessible and understandable to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 public, the House of Representatives has Hopkins’s poems display utterly noncon7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 authorized the publication of a series of ventional systems of rhyme. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pamphlets about the Constitution. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 display utterly nonconventional (A) both more accessible and under7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 systems of rhyme. standable to the public 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems (B) more both accessible and under7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 displayed utterly nonconventional standable to the public 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 systems of rhyme. (C) more accessible to the public and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems more understandable for it 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have systems of rhyme that are (D) both more accessible and more 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 utterly nonconventional. understandable to the public 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Gerard Manley Hopkins wrote (E) accessible to the public and under1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 poems using utterly nonconventional 7 standable 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 systems of rhyme. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Gerard Manley Hopkins had written 7 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 poems that were displaying utterly 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 nonconventional systems of rhyme. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 468 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. Sputnik was the first artificial satellite 13. Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Franklin D. Roosevelt, made an active successfully propelled into orbit and began 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 contribution to many political organizathe space race between the United States 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tions, this included the Human Rights and the Soviet Union, in 1957 it was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Commission. launched by the Soviets. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) organizations, this included the (A) Sputnik was the first artificial 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Human Rights Commission. satellite successfully propelled into 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) organizations, being included the orbit and began the space race 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Human Rights Commission. between the United States and the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) organizations, whose participation Soviet Union, in 1957 it was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 included the Human Rights launched by the Soviets. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Commission. (B) In 1957, the first satellite and space 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) organizations; this including the race were beginning when Sputnik 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Human Rights Commission. was launched. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) organizations, including the Human (C) Launched by the Soviets in 1957, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Rights Commission. Sputnik was the first artificial 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 satellite successfully propelled into 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 orbit, beginning the space race 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 between the United States and the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Soviet Union. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) The launching of Sputnik was in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1957, the first artificial satellite was 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 successfully propelled and the space 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 race between the United States and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Soviet Union was begun. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) The first artificial satellite success34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 fully propelled into orbit was when 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Sputnik was launched in 1957, and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the space race between the United 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 States and the Soviet Union was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 begun as well. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 469 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1215. 17. Domesticated over 5,000 years ago, the The newly hired CEO stated clearly in her 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 camel is a useful pack animal because of opening address to the company that her 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 plans for reinvigorating the company were its tolerance for hot sand, extreme 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to cut back on discretionary spending, temperatures, and it needs little drink7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 refinance the company’s largest loans, and ing water. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 her plans of keeping the company’s 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) of its tolerance for hot sand, extreme 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 holdings in the stock market. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 temperatures, and it needs little 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 drinking water. (A) her plans of keeping the company’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) of its tolerance for hot sand and holdings in the stock market. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 extreme temperatures and its need (B) keep the company’s holdings in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for water is very small. stock market. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) it can tolerate hot sand, extreme (C) to get the company to keep its 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 temperatures, and a lack of drinkholdings in the stock market. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ing water. (D) her plans to keep the company’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) it can tolerate hot stand, withstandholdings in the stock market. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ing extreme temperatures, and needs 7 (E) keeping the company’s holdings in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 little water. the stock market. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (E) it can tolerate hot sand and extreme 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1216. Typically, a restaurant’s kitchen is divided temperatures, and needs little water. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 into a number of sections, each with a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 18. Legally, an agreement among two people particular aspect of food preparation 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 performed there. to commit a crime or concealing it 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 constitutes a criminal conspiracy. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) each with a particular aspect of food 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 preparation performed there. (A) among two people to commit a crime 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) each corresponding to a particular or concealing it 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 aspect of food preparation. (B) among two people to commit a crime 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) where they each have their particuor agreeing to conceal it 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 lar aspect of food preparation to (C) among two people committing a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 perform. crime or concealing it 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) which has a particular aspect of food (D) between two people to commit a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 preparation performed there. crime or conceal it 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) they each correspond to a particular (E) between two people in the commit7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 aspect of food preparation. ting of a crime or the concealment 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of it 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 470 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. If the high levels of stock market invest19. Not only was Sir Isaac Newton famous 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 for his pioneering work in Physics, he was ment are to continue it will depend upon 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 also a talented and well-respected ecoboth how long the stock market remains 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 stable and its long-term durability. nomic advisor to the king. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) If the high levels of stock market (A) he was also a talented and well34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 investment are to continue it respected economic advisor to the king. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 will depend (B) he had also been a talented and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) If the high levels of stock market well-respected economic advisor to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 investment are to continue, depend- 7 the king. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ing upon (C) but he was also a talented and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) If the high levels of stock market well-respected economic advisor to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 investment continue, it will depend the king. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Whether the high levels of stock (D) as he also was a talented and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 market investment continue will well-respected economic advisor to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 depend the king. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Whether the high levels of stock (E) but he had also been a talented and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 market investment continue it well-respected economic advisor to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 will depend the king. 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Improving Paragraphs 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 errors. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentence’s word choice, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 word usage, or overall structure. Other questions will ask about the paragraph itself. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph writing. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions century after when the philosophers 21–25 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12passage. reckon the beginning of modern times. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (11) The philosophers and the historians (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12The following passage is part of an essay about 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have a bit of a discrepancy here. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12the different meanings of the word “modern.” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (12) Of course, you might think both 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Line (1) The word modern is a curious word the philosophers and the historians are a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (2) It is curious for all its different bit off on this whole modernity thing. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 meanings. (3) If you take a freshman (13) Who thinks of the mud and cobble(30) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 class in philosophy, for instance, your stone streets of Paris in the early decades 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(5) professor might tell you about Rene of the seventeenth century as modern? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Descartes. (4) Descartes was a French (14) Then again, London a century later 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 philosopher from the seventeenth with the power of steam harnessed does 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 century. (5) Many consider him as the not strike most as the picture of modern (35) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 first figure in modern philosophy. (6) So times. (15) Most of us, when we think of 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(10) if you are talking to a philosophy 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 what modern means, we are thinking 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 professor the word modern denotes 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 about computers and cell phones and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 anytime between about 1615 and now. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 wireless networks. (16) We are not 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (7) (Of course, some philosophers think 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 thinking about some philosophical (40) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that modern times ended a few decades 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 discourse that a Frenchman wrote four 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(15) back and that we are already in to centuries back. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 postmodern times.) (8) Other academics 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have a different timeline for the birth of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modern times, or modernity. (9) And 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 some historians point to the Industrial 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(20) Revolution in England as the beginning 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of modernity. (10) This dating technique 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 puts the beginning of modernity at least a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 472 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 23. Which of the following would be the best 7 21. Which of the following is the best 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 replacement for “And” at the beginning of 7 combination of sentences 1 and 2 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sentence 9 (reproduced below)? (reproduced below)? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 And some historians point to the IndusThe word modern is a curious word. It is 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 trial Revolution in England as the curious for all its different meanings. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 beginning of modernity. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) The word modern is a curious word. It 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) However, is curious for all its different meanings. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Moreover, (B) Modern is a curious word because it 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Even so, has all its different meanings. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Considering this, (C) It is curious that the word modern 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) For example, has various different meanings. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Curiously, the word modern has 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 24. Which of the following is the best revision 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 many different meanings. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the underlined portions of sentence 10 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (E) Modernity is a curious word for all 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (reproduced below)? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 its various different meanings. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 This dating technique puts the beginning 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 22. Which of the following is the best way to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of modernity at least a century after when 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 revise sentences 4 and 5 (reproduced 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the philosophers reckon the beginning of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 below) so that they are condensed into 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 modern times. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 one sentence? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) As it is now. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Descartes was a French philosopher from 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) at least a century after when the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the seventeenth century. Many consider him philosophers reckon it. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 as the first figure in modern philosophy. (C) at least a century after when the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Descartes was a French philosopher philosopher’s date modernity’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the seventeenth century, inception. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 considering him the first figure in (D) at least one century after when the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 modern philosophy. philosophers had reckoned the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Descartes was a French philosopher inception of modernity. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the seventeenth century, whom (E) at least a century after its having 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 many consider the first figure in been reckoned by the philosophers. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modern philosophy. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Descartes was a French philosopher 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the seventeenth century, and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 many consider him the first figure in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modern philosophy. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Descartes was a French philosopher 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 from the seventeenth century, so he was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the first figure in modern philosophy. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Descartes was a French philosopher 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the seventeenth century and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 figuring him the first figure in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 modern philosophy. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 473 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1225. larger group of people. (6) Those people Which of the following is the best revision 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (15) could be potential consumers. of sentence 15 (reproduced below)? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (7) Many of our most famous Most of us, when we think of what 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 department store chains first expanded modern means, we are thinking about 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 during this time. (8) These include Sears, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 computers and cell phones and wireless 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Roebuck; Woolworth’s; the Great 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 networks. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (the (20) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) As it is now. A&P); and Walgreen Drug. (9) Among 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Most of us, when we think of what the most successful department stores 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modern means, computers and cell was Filene’s in Boston and Macy’s in 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 phones and wireless networks New York. (10) Initially, department 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 coming to mind. stores were more like the malls of today. (25) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) When we think of what modern (11) Each department was leased to an 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 means, think about computers and individual owner. (12) Nowadays, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 cell phones and wireless networks. virtually all departments are run by the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Most of us, when we think of what larger company, including restaurants. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modern means, we are thinking 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (13) Also, with their radio cam(30) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 about computers, cell phones, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paigns, the new department stores of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 wireless networks. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1920s put on extravagant advertising 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Most of us, when we think of what 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 spectacles. (14) Sometimes, they even 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 modern means, think about computhosted entertainment events to attract 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ers and cell phones and wireless consumers. (15) The Macy’s Thanksgiv(35) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 networks. ing Day Parade, an attempt to capture 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the children’s toy market, is one example 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of popular merchandising. (16) Bloom34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Questions 26–30 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12passage. ingdale’s posted ads on all New York 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 public transit, pronouncing, “All Cars (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12The following is a first draft of an essay about 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Transfer to Bloomingdale’s.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122the growth of the department store industry in 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122the 1920s. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122Line (1) Automobiles and radios became far 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 more affordable in the 1920s. (2) By 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1925 there was one automobile for every 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 six people in the United States, by 1930 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(5) this had increased to one for every 4.6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 people. (3) Also by 1930, about 4 in 10 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 American families owned radios. (4) The 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 popularity of automobiles and radios led 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to the spread of chain stores of all kinds. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(10) (5) Automobiles allowed consumers to 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 travel further in search of the right item 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for the right price, while radios allowed 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 businesses to advertise their products to a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 474 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 28. If you were to combine sentences 10 and 26. Which of the following is the best revision 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11 (reproduced below), which would be of the underlined portions of sentences 5 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 the most appropriate and precise punctua- 7 and 6 (reproduced below)? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion mark to use? Automobiles allowed consumers to travel 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Initially, department stores were more like further in search of the right item for the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the malls of today. Each department was right price, while radios allowed busi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 leased to an individual owner. nesses to advertise their products to a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 larger group of people. Those people 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) today ‘each. . . owner.’ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 could be potential consumers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) today; each 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) today: each (A) As it is now. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) today (each. . . owner). (B) a larger group of people, who could 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) today, each be potential consumers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) a larger group of people, being 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 29. Which of the following is the best revision 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 potential consumers. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the underlined portion of sentence 13 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) a larger group of people, whom they 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (reproduced below)? made into potential consumers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) a larger group of people, having the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Also, with their radio campaigns, the new 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 potential to become consumers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 department stores of the 1920s put on 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 extravagant advertising spectacles. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 27. “This time” in sentence 7 (reproduced 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Moreover below) is best made more specific. Which 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Too of the following phrases is the best 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) What’s more to their radio campaigns 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 revision? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) In addition to their radio campaigns 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Many of our most famous department (E) The radio campaigns being included 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 store chains first expanded during 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 this time. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 30. Which of the following sentences, if added 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 at the end of paragraph 3, is the best (A) these years 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 concluding sentence for the passage? (B) the twentieth century 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) the same when automobile sales and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (A) In the 20s, shopping and advertising 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 radio sales were also on the rise 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 started to look a lot like they do now. 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the years described in the previous 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Other stores also had extravaganzas. 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph (C) So now get in your car and drive to a 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the 1920s department store! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Department Stores having become 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 huge successes. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 was always a big hit. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 475 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 4 27 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choices, labeled (A) through (E). These choices represent words or phrases that have been left 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the sentence as a whole. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Example: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Canine massage is a veterinary technique 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for calming dogs that are extremely __________. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) inept 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) disciplined 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) controlled 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) stressed 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) restrained 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A O B O C Þ O E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ Þ Þ Þ 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The property tax hike in Colson County 1. Jerome is a true __________ ; he rarely 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was not just __________ by the county buys anything other than food, and even 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 residents; a series of protests were even his food is plain and minimal. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) hermit 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) disliked. .organized (B) teetotaler 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) espoused. .planned (C) gourmand 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) discouraged. .theorized (D) ascetic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) bolstered. .analyzed (E) fanatic 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) detested. .negotiated 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 476
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7. Despite the longstanding __________ 3. There was criticism that the councilman 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 between the clans, both clans __________ 7 was __________ when he seized the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 each other in the aftermath of the disaster. 7 ceremony __________ by the girl’s tragic 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 death to speak out against his opponent. (A) feud. .assisted 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) grudge. .maligned (A) militaristic. . negated 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) detente. .withstood (B) opportunistic. .afforded 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) skirmish. . ameliorated (C) unreceptive. .preempted 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) alliance. . discounted (D) passive. . created 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) defeatist. .overshadowed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. The oral tradition of the Bambara people 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of West Africa is rich with humor and 4. The computer expert underscored that the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 __________, characteristics which are new software would _____ the prior 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 evident in the merriment of their everyversion; users could simply __________ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 day life. the old one. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) irony (A) preclude. .destroy 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) mirth (B) outdo. .implement 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) cynicism (C) infect. .disregard 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) history (D) undermine. .detach 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) mystery (E) supercede. .discard 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 9. Although Astropithicus has more subspe- 7 5. Romania has a long and __________ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 cies than Pthicalitius, the latter populates 7 tradition of activist-poets, who through 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the Earth with __________ numbers and poetry have __________ the dignity and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in more __________ geographic regions. equality of humanity. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) greater. .diverse (A) reputable. .initiated 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) lesser. .secluded (B) storied. .articulated 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) milder. .remote (C) tenuous. .supported 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) scanter. .familiar (D) tactile. .decried 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) larger. .ominous (E) exemplary. .countered 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. It is generally __________ by medical 6. Dr. Patel expected the surgery to be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 practitioners that the last few weeks of a __________ and laborious, but it turned 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pregnancy are crucial in the __________ of 7 out to be speedy and __________. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the fetus. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) fragile. .simple 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) acknowledged. .progression (B) compelling. .forthcoming 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) intricate. .straightforward (B) hedged. .health 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) complicated. .locatable (C) endorsed. .birthing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) hard. .mechanical (D) accepted. .development 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) negated. .vitality 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 477 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15. Technology, instead of alleviating the 11. Though the organization espoused 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 demands upon our time, has made the outward-focused ideals, in practice, it was 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 pace of modern-day life increase to a near 7 quite __________. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ pace. (A) gregarious 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) elicit (B) vigilant 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) frenetic (C) insular 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) lethargic (D) hermetic 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) dilatory (E) idiosyncratic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) cavalier 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 12. The prosecuting attorney described the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 defendant’s character as __________ and Questions 16–27 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 base, but the defense attorney rejoined passage. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that the prosecution was __________ the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The following passage tells the story of Juan 7 testimonials about the defendant. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Bautista Rael, an Hispanic-American scholar. It 7 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) dark. .misunderstanding 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is adapted from a biography written by Enrique 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) nefarious. .misconstruing R. Lamadrid. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) lackluster. .misinterpreting 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line Linguist and folklorist Juan Bautista Rael 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) blustery. .misapplying 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was a highly regarded academic pioneer. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) motley. .misrepresenting 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 His major contribution to linguistics was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 collecting and documenting the Hispano 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1213. Many believe that the new drug regime 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 folk stories, plays, and religious tradi(5) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 will be a __________ for helping cure 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tions of northern New Mexico and diverse ailments related to spinal dysfunc7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 southern Colorado. tions. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Rael was born on August 14, 1900, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) bane 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico. Famous 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) panacea 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for its spectacular setting north of Taos, (10) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) module 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the village lies in a deep, narrow valley 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) fledgling 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 between Taos mountain and the gorge of 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) pariah 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the Rio Grande to the west. His family 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 prospered in sheep and cattle ranching 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1214. The executive charged that the whistleand owned a mercantile business that (15) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 blower’s actions were so self-centered that 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 served surrounding Hispano communities 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 they were not just __________ but even 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as well as nearby Taos Pueblo. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________. 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Juan’s parents, José Ignacio Rael and 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) self-involved. .altruistic Soledad Santistevan, raised a family of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) ill-tempered. .narcissistic four sons and a daughter. José Ignacio (20) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) egocentric. .solipsistic had the foresight to recognize the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) unduly. .respectable changes that were coming with the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) erratic. .destructive increasing Americanization of New 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexico and realized that a fluent 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 knowledge of English and a good (25) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 education would be necessary for his 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 478 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 relinquished his family inheritance in family to excel. Since local schools were (70) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 land, cattle, and sheep to his three rudimentary at best, the family relied 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 brothers and his sister. upon its own resources to get the best 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Rael realized that the wealth in possible education for the children. Juan (30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 northern New Mexico that interested was a dedicated student from his earliest 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 him was the vast repertory of folk years, and his father’s ambition was for (75) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 narrative, song, and custom that had him to become a lawyer and tend to the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 scarcely been documented. While family lands and business. Juan’s 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 teaching at the University of Oregon, he 7 elementary schooling was at Saint (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 returned to Arroyo Hondo in the summer Michael’s College in Santa Fe, and his 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of 1930 to begin compiling his famous high school studies were at the Christian (80) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 collection of over five hundred Nuevo Brothers’ College in St. Louis, Missouri. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mexicano folk tales. The boy’s semester-long absences from 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 By then his work had attracted the his family led him to treasure the simple (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 attention of pioneer Hispano folklorist pleasures of village life. Summers are 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Aurelio Espinosa who invited Rael to especially beautiful in Arroyo Hondo, (85) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Stanford in 1933. Rael completed his and Christmas and Easter vacations were 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 doctoral studies in 1937 there with a filled with colorful festivities and solemn 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 dissertation on the phonology and ceremony. Rael later reminisced about (45) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 morphology of New Mexico Spanish that 7 how much the Pastores, or Shepherds’ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 amplified the work of Espinosa with the 7 plays, impressed him as a child. Un(90) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 huge corpus of folk tales, later published 7 doubtedly, the instincts and sympathies 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 as, Cuentos Españoles de Colorado y of Rael the folklorist can be traced to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Nuevo Mexico: Spanish Folk Tales of these beginnings—watching rehearsals (50) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Colorado and New Mexico. and performances depicting shepherds, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Well versed in the historic-geographic hermits, and the rich ensemble of (95) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 theory of transmission and diffusion of pastoral characters. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 motifs, tale types, and genres, Dr. Rael What became clear in his post34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 set out on the formidable, almost secondary studies is that he was much (55) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 quixotic task of gathering all the possible 7 more attracted to literature, philology, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 versions and texts of the tales, hymns, and the emerging disciplines of linguistics (100) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and plays he was studying. The vast and folklore. His Bachelor’s degree, from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 majority of tales are of European St. Mary’s College in Oakland in 1923, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 provenance, with only minimal local led to a Master’s degree from the (60) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 references. He meticulously traced the University of California at Berkeley in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1927. In the meantime, in 1923, he (105) shepherds’ plays to several root sources 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 in Mexico, and his study, The Sources married Quirina Espinoza of Antonito, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and Diffusion of the Mexican Shepherds’ 7 Colorado. Rael’s first inclination was to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Plays, is a standard reference on the become an English teacher, but his bride (65) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 subject. His ground-breaking study of the 7 helped convince him that his opportuni1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ties and strengths would be as an (110) alabado hymn, The New Mexican 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Alabado, is also a prime resource. But Hispanist. After deciding on a university 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 inevitably the historic-geographic career of teaching and research, Rael 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 479 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 19. The author probably uses the word approach led more to collection building 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “relinquished” in line 70 to emphasize than to analysis. Later generations of 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(115) that scholars would develop interests in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 performance-centered studies, but the (A) Rael had had friction with his 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 collections of Rael continue to be an 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 siblings. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 indispensable landmark in the field. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Rael’s family was very wealthy. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Rael had tried to be a rancher for 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12216. The author’s attitude towards Dr. Rael’s some time. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 work can best be described as (D) Rael was relieved to be free of his 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 family duties. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) laudatory. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Rael’s career path was difficult and (B) engaged. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not lucrative. (C) ambivalent. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) disinterested. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20. It can be inferred from the passage that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) condescending. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 northern New Mexico in the early decades 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the twentieth century 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1217. The passage primarily 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) had a ranch-driven economy. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) analyzes the academic contributions 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) was suffering severe economic 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of Dr. Rael. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 depression. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) contrasts Dr. Rael’s work with the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) was economically booming because work of Dr. Espinosa. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of a newly opened southern railroad (C) tells the story of Dr. Rael’s life and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 route to California. work. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) had a strong public education system. (D) discusses the basic assumptions of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) was not a primarily English-speaking 7 Hispano scholarship. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 region. (E) relates the story of the Rael family. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 21. Which of the following best describes Dr. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 18. The passage implies that Rael decided that 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Espinosa’s relationship to Dr. Rael? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 he would have more opportunity as a 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Hispanist than as an English teacher (A) Boss 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 because (B) Critic 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Mentor (A) Hispanics weren’t often hired to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Pastor teach English. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Father (B) Hispanic folklore would soon vanish. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) he would have to live far from his 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 22. The word “corpus” in line 91 most closely 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 family to teach English. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 means 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) his English skills were mediocre. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) religious text. (E) becoming an Hispanist was a nearer 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) oeuvre. match to his educational back7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ground. (C) published collection. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) dissertation. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) dialect. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 480 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 26. The main criticism the author offers of Dr. 7 23. According to the passage, which of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Rael’s work is that it following of Dr. Rael’s activities as a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 young man was most important for the (A) focuses too much on the Pastores. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 development of his later academic (B) privileges Spanish-language stories 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 interests? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 over English-language stories. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) focuses too much on European (A) Working on his family’s ranch 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 stories and not enough on Mexican (B) Watching Pastores as a young man 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 stories. (C) Studying in a religious school 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) doesn’t offer enough analysis of the (D) Reading books on the shepherds of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 folklore. northern New Mexico 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (E) includes too many materials, without 7 (E) Struggling to retain his Spanish when 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 differentiating between good and his schooling was in English 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 bad. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 24. The phrase “diffusion of motifs” in lines 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 27. The passage suggests, in lines 97–101 that 7 96–97 refers to 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Dr. Rael 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) variations in the same stories that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) was mistaken about how much occur over time or by region. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 folklore was circulating. (B) adherence to standard literary 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) traveled extensively as he gathered structures. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 folklore. (C) variations in language use by region. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) was disorganized but intelligent in (D) the surprising similarity of stories in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 his methods. different cultures. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) had an historic insight about the (E) the loss of folklore in more industri34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 source of New Mexican folklore. alized societies. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) developed an excessively technical 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25. The word “provenance,” line 103, could 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 model for the development of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 best be replaced with which of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 folklore. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 following words? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Authority 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Origin 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Location 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Destiny 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Ethos 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 481 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 5 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2s r 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2x w r s x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 c h h h b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 w 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 s 2 b 3x a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A 5 pr 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 2 2 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2x 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. 1. At full capacity, Thompson Paper Factory If Z 5 and Z 5 3, then x 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 produces 200 sheets of paper per second. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If the factory is operating at a quarter of 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 3 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 its full capacity, how many sheets of paper 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 2 will the factory produce in twelve sec7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 onds? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 600 19 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 900 3 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 1200 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2000 (E) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 (E) 2400 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
60
30
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. Which of the following is the greatest Questions 5–6 refer to the following table. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 common factor of 32 and 42? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 8 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 According to the table, how many 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rd th 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 students are there in 3 and 4 grade at 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Hyde Park Elementary? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 30 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 32 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 50 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 60 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 62 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 th 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6. If there are 18 girls in 4 grade, how 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 rd th 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 many boys are there in 3 and 4 grade 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 at Hyde Park Elementary? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 18 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 22 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 What is the slope of the above line? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 26 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 30 A. 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (E) 32 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B. 2 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 483 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3x2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 , for what values 10. If f~x! 5 2 7. Which of the following is the value of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 x 1 3x 2 18 3 22 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of x is the function undefined? 4 ~ m! 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is exponent when the expression 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 0 m4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 simplified? (B) 23,6 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 23,3 11 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2,5 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 3,26 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 29 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 16 11. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (C) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 7 4 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 29 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If f(x) is graphed above, then f(x) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) x2 1 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (B) x 2 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 In the right triangle above, what is the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (C) 2x 1 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 value of x? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 2(x2 1 2) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 15 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (E) 2(x 12) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 16 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 18 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 24 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 30 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. Taking the highway from Easton to 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Bethsaida is 7 miles longer than taking 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 surface streets from Easton to Bethsaida. If the above triangles are congruent, what 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 It is 31 miles total if you travel from 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is the value of y? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Easton to Bethsaida via highway and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 5 return via surface streets. How many miles 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 then, is the highway route? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) =50 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 8 (A) 12 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 13 (D) =75 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 15 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 9 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 17 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 19 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 484 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. (y 1 2)2 5 (y 2 4)2 is true when y equals (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 1 only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 1 and 21 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 2 and 22 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 1 and 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 2 and 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. Z is the set of numbers 1 through 50 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inclusive. How many members of Z are 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 evenly divisible by 2 and 3? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) (A) 6 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 14 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 25 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Which of the following figures is similar 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to the shape shown above? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 485 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1216. 18. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ABC is an equilateral triangle and DEFG 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is a square. If AB 5 DE, how many 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 different ways can ABC be placed in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 DEFG such that two vertices of the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 What is the area of the above figure? triangle coincide with two corners of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the square? (A) 1 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 4 (B) =2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 8 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 1=2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 10 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 4 (E) 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1217. The sum of eight positive even integers is 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 19. G, S, and T are three points that lie on a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 50. If no integer can appear more than 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 plane. If the distance between G and S is 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 twice in the set, what is the greatest 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9, and the distance between S and T is 5, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 possible value of one of the integers. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which of the following are possible 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 distances between G and T? (A) 8 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 18 I. 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 22 II. 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 24 III. 14 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 32 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) I only 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) II only 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) I and II only 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) II and III only 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) I, II, and III 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 486 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. 21. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 If AB 5 BC 5 AC 5 6, and D is the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 BD 5 halfway between A and C, then 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 2=3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 3 (C) = 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The figure above is the diagram of an (D) 4=2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 industrial fan blade. If the fan’s maximum 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 4 (E) = 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 blade speed is 100 revolutions per 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 seconds, what is the greatest distance (in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 feet) that any point on the blade could 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 travel in 30 seconds? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 100=2p 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 200=3p 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2p 600 (C) = 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 600=3p 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 1200=2p 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 487 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 6 16 Questions j Time—20 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 answer the accompanying questions, basing your answers on what is stated or implied in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Line Frederic Remington (1861–1909) has Line The question of what counts as literature 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 long been celebrated as one of the most has been strongly debated over the last 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gifted interpreters of the American West. few decades both in and out of academia. 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Initially, his western images appeared as Some argue that only the test of time 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(5) illustrations in popular journals. As he ultimately vindicates a fictional work’s (5) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 matured, however, Remington turned his claim to the status of literature. Their 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 attention away from illustration, argument runs like this: if people still 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 concentrating instead on painting and read, still reference, still care about a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sculpture. About 1900 he began a series work of fiction decades or even centuries 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(10) of paintings that took as their subject the after its original publication, then that (10) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 color of night. Before his premature work clearly rises to the auspicious status 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 death in 1909 at age 48, Remington of literature. Critics of this view, though, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 completed more than seventy paintings in point out that this method of determining 7 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which he explored the technical and what is and is not literature by definition 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(15) aesthetic difficulties of painting darkness. excludes contemporary works from (15) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 consideration. We do not know, they 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rightfully contend, if a novel published in 7 1. The passage suggests Remington’s major 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the last few years will be read in a artistic accomplishments were 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hundred years or not. And so they ask, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) magazine illustrations. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does this mean we cannot meaningfully (20) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) sculptures. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 discuss whether the work is important, or 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) paintings of nocturnal cityscapes. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 influential, or of great merit? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) paintings of nocturnal landscapes. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) color studies. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 488
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 these were considerations that led the 2. The author uses the word “vindicates” to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 National Aeronautics and Space Admin- 7 emphasize that 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 istration to Mars. Project Viking’s goal, (A) all works of fiction claim to be 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 after making a soft landing on Mars, was 7 (20) literature. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to execute a set of scientific investigations 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) all works of fiction are, in some 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 that would not only provide data on the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 sense, literature. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 physical nature of the planet but also 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) literature is a much more prestigious 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 make a first attempt at determining if 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 category than fiction. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 detectable life forms were present. (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) the debate regarding what is litera34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ture is excessively erudite. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Which of the following does the para(E) for a work to establish itself as 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 graph most emphasize as the motivation literature is an incredible feat. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 for the Viking trip to Mars? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. The argument, given in the passage, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Fascination with chemistry on 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 against the “test of time” approach is that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 another planet. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) Four-century-old interest in the planet. 7 (A) it excludes by definition all writing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) The advancement of space explorathat is not fictional. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion. (B) it does not take trends in critical 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (D) Possibility of a space station on Mars. 7 interest into account. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Possibility of life on Mars. (C) it excludes contemporary fiction 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 from the discussion. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) it allows contemporary works to be Questions 5–16 are based on the following two 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 considered alongside the great works passages. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of centuries past. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 The following two passages discuss the English 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) it gives too much weight to popular and Metric systems of measurement. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 opinion. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Passage 1 Line Since the sixteenth century, astronomers 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 have recognized Mars for what it is—a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line It is an oft-repeated tale that the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 relatively nearby planet not so unlike our 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measurement of the yard was standard34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 own. The fourth planet from the sun and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ized when an English royal stepped into 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Earth’s closest neighbor, Mars has been (5) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 disputes about the measurement’s length 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the subject of modern scientists’ careful 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and declared the distance from his (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 scrutiny with powerful telescopes, deep 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 shoulder to the tip of his fingers as the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 space probes, and orbiting spacecraft. In standard yard. Unlike many colorful 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1976, Earth-bound scientists were anecdotes from history, this one is true. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 brought significantly closer to their (10) Early in the twelfth century, the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 subject of investigation when two Viking king Henry I established the length of the 7 (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 probes touched down on that red soil. yard as the distance from the tip of his 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The possibility of life on Mars, clues to nose to the tip of his outstretched thumb. 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the evolution of the solar system, In our scientific age such stories seem 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 fascination with the chemistry, geology, (15) earthy at best and ridiculous at worst. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and meteorology of another planet— 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 489 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(15) manageable size, it was defined as one But not all ancient units of measure have 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 one-forty-millionth of the Earth’s such arbitrary origins. The mile is a good 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 circumference. They employed the word example of this. Though the mile is today 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 meter to harken back to the ancient counted as part of the English system of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Greek word metron, meaning measure. measurement, the unit dates back to (60) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(20) The rest of the metric system is even ancient Rome. The English word mile 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 less arbitrary in origin. The other metric derives from the Latin term mille, which 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 units of length were generated by either means one thousand. For the Romans, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 multiplying or dividing the meter by a the mille was one thousand paces. A pace 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 factor of ten. Thus a kilometer is 1000 was two steps, or five feet roughly. This (65) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(25) meters, and a centimeter is one onemeant the mille was 5,000 feet. In 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hundredths of a meter. It is the great asset 7 medieval Europe, however, the 220-yard 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the metric system, at least for scienfurlong became the dominant measure7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tists, that units for measuring weight and 7 ment used. To reconcile the two measure7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 energy are also derived from the basic ments, the mile was lengthened to be (70) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(30) unit of the meter. For instance, weight is eight furlongs. This made the mile 5,280 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measured in grams, which are determined 7 feet. A sixteenth-century act of Parlia7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 by the weight of one cubic centimeter ment fixed this measurement for the mile. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of water. It is true that the English system of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 France made use of the metric system 7 measurement, the system that includes (75) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(35) compulsory in 1840. Other countries the mile, the yard, the foot, and the inch, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rapidly followed suit. The adoption of has a certain quirkiness to it because it 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the metric system, also known as the has evolved through human history. This 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 international system, or S.I., coincided quirkiness might irritate scientists, but it 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with great advances in science. By 1900, is part and parcel of the tradition that (80) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(40) over 35 countries had officially adopted has been bequeathed, in its accumulated 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 its use. In the United States, the system form, to the English-speaking world. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 has been dubbed “voluntary” and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1Passage 2 “preferred,” but has never been made 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 compulsory. (85) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The metric system was conceived by 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure of the meter has been twelve French scientists during the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 refined three times since its conception in 7 French Revolution. Like many innova7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(45) 1791. The latest was in 1983 when the tions during the French Revolution, the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 speed of light was employed to give the metric system was formulated as a 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 greatest precision for the measurement to 7 (90) scientific system that would replace 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 date. The distance that light travels in a traditional ways of ordering society. The 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second is revolutionaries did not see it as a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the internationally accepted definition of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) coincidence that length was meted in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 a meter. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measures based on the size of a medieval 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 king. Instead of these arbitrary standards, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the metric system’s basic unit of measure, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the meter, was based upon the circumfer7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(55) ence of the Earth. For the meter to be a 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 490 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 8. By “reconcile the two measurements,” 5. What is the author of Passage 1’s attitude 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (line 28–32) the author means towards the English system of measure1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ment? (A) determine which one was accurate. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) develop a new system of measure(A) Emphatic praise 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ment without the inaccuracies of (B) Qualified acceptance 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the old. (C) Neutrality 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) settle the public’s disagreement over (D) Strong criticism 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 which was better. (E) Antipathy 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) find a metric equivalent. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. In Passage 1, the story of Henry I is (E) cease using two different systems. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 offered primarily to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 9. The author refers to the English system’s (A) demonstrate that the reader’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 “accumulated form” line 40–41 primarily 7 preconceptions about the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to emphasize that the system 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 system are wrong. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) ceased to change once officially (B) illustrate the role of the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 adopted. monarchy in the development of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) derives from a variety of sources. English system. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) stretches back further than reliable (C) reveal how far back in time the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 written history. English system goes. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) continues to evolve. (D) provide a concrete example of how 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) was adopted wholesale. the arbitrariness of the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 system developed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 10. The authors of the two passages would be 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (E) suggest the practicality of the English 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 most likely to agree that the metric system 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 system. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) has a shorter but equally interesting 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. The word “earthy” in line 14 most closely 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 history as the English system. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 means 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) has a history that reaches back as far 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as the English system’s. (A) unrefined. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) has a longer history than the history 7 (B) musky. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the English system. (C) impractical. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) should not be thought of historically. 7 (D) old-fashioned. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) has a history that is equally long but (E) baffling. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 less colorful than the English 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 system’s. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 491 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. In Passage 2, the reason for the 1983 defini- 7 11. According to Passage 2, the invention of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tion of the meter is probably that scientists 7 the metric system was 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) have determined that the new meter (A) one of the greatest accomplishments 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is a more manageable length. of the French Revolution. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) have more sophisticated data on the (B) in contradiction to many of the other 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 circumference of the earth. goals of the French Revolution. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) needed a way to bring the meter’s (C) a side-effect of the French Revolu1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 length closer to the yard’s. tion’s new calendar system. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) have developed more accurate ways (D) one of many anti-traditionalist 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to calculate the original fraction. undertakings of the French Revolu7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) wanted to disassociate the meter tion. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with the French Revolution. (E) left incomplete at the end of the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 French Revolution. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 15. In at least one of the passages all of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1212. following are mentioned EXCEPT In the sentence beginning “In the United 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 States. . .” (line 82) the writer suggests 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the kings who ruled during the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that the United States 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 standardization of measurements. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the contemporary standing of the (A) has never seriously attempted to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 measuring system discussed. implement the metric system. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) terms from ancient languages. (B) is likely to adopt the metric system 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the refinement of measurement fairly soon. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 standards in recent years. (C) has created official policies regarding 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) the cultural heritage of each measuruse of the metric system. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ing system. (D) has attempted to require use of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 metric system, but has been unable 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 16. The author of Passage 2 conveys an 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to enforce its policies. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 implicit belief that the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) reflects a clear bias for the superior7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ity of the English system. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) metric system facilitates scientific 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 endeavors. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 13. The word “refined” in line 87 most 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) United States has damaged its reputa7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 closely means 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tion in the international community by 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 refusing to adopt the metric system. (A) processed. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) metric system is best confined to (B) renegotiated. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 scientific use. (C) made smaller. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) French Revolution was a high point (D) challenged. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in the history of science. (E) modified. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) metric system is a more fitting system 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for a democratic society. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 492 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Section 7 13 Questions j Time—20 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Notes: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1. All numbers used are real numbers. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions for Student Produced Responses 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Enter your responses to questions 1–13 in the Answer: 1.4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 special grids provided on your answer sheet. Either position is correct. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Input your answers as indicated in the directions 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 . 4 1 . 4 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 below. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O Þ O O Þ O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 4 12 Decimal → 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Answer: or 4/9 O O O point O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 9 7 O Þ O O 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Þ O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Write answer → 4 / 9 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in boxes. O O O Þ O O Þ O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Þ O ← Fraction line 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O ⎧ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 umn, space permitting. Leave blank any columns 7 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O ⎪Þ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not needed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O Grid in → 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O O O ⎨ • Writing your answer in the boxes at the top 7 result. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the columns will help you accurately grid 7 O O O ⎪O 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 O O O O your answer, but it is not required. You will 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O O Þ O ⎩ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 only receive credit for an answer if the ovals 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are filled in properly. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • Only fill in one oval in each column. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 /
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • If a problem has several correct answers, Decimal Accuracy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 just grid in one of them. Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • There are no negative answers. rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 must be gridded as .333. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 • Never grid in mixed numbers. The answer 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 acceptable. 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 is gridded, it will be read 3 1 / 5 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 31 Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . . O Þ 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as , not 3 . 3 O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 . 3 3 3 1 / 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O Þ O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Þ O O O Þ O O O O O O O 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O Þ O O O O Þ O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O Þ Þ Þ O O Þ O 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 O O O O O O O O 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If 2 x 1 x 5 y and 2y 5 12, then 1. 5. If the area of a circle is 16p, what is the = = 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 what does x equal? diameter of the circle? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. What is the product of the first five even 6. Lisa has three pizza toppings from which 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 integers? to choose: pepperoni, anchovies, and red 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 peppers. If she can choose as many 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Rider High has 400 students. A student toppings as three and as few toppings as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 will be picked at random from the student zero, how many different pizza orders are 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 body. If the probability that a senior possible? (Lisa cannot order the same 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 would be picked is three-eighths, how topping twice.) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 many seniors are there? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. The average (arithmetic mean) of five 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 numbers is 16. If one number is taken 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the set, the new average is 14. What 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 number was taken from the set? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If the area of the striped side of the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 rectangular solid is 24, what is the volume 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of the box? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 494 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 /
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TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 12. 8. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 If the figure above is composed of a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 square and a triangle, what is the area of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the square? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 9. What is the slope a line that is defined by What is the sum of the y-intercepts in the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the following two points, (21, 22) and above graph? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (3,1)? 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. The sum of four positive distinct prime 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. Tom is twelve years older than Susan, and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 numbers is 21. What is the greatest 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Susan is three times the age of Gina, and possible value of one of those prime 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Gina is five years younger than Bo. If Bo is numbers? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15, how old is Tom? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 11. For all positive integers, let m* equal the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 greatest prime divisor of m. What does 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (15*)(12*) equal? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 495 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 8 Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Consider the following statement. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Innovation is primarily accomplished by an individual, though groups often do work out the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 details of an individual’s innovations. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Assignment: Write an essay in which you argue for or against the preceding statement. Develop your 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12point of view on this statement and be sure to support your stance with sufficient details. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 496
TEST 2 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
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12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 time allotted is over. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 498 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Answers and Explanations 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. B The passage says that H.R. means House of Representatives and that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the number is given according to, “the order it was submitted in a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular session.” (lines 12–13) So the 1 means that it was submitted 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first in a particular session. Choice (B) is the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. C This is a tricky question. The major clue is that only three entities are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentioned in the passage: the House of Representatives, the Senate, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the President. You should suspect then that the answer will be the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Senate and the President since those are the only other two entities 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mentioned in the passage. You can get confirmation for this hunch in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence that says “Bills are presented to the President for action 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when approved in identical form by both the House of Representatives 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and the Senate.” Bills must pass both houses, so if the bills originate in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the house, they have to go to the Senate before reaching the President. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. A The paragraph is about how Native Americans have “long recognized 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and celebrated the connectedness among all natural things.” The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 medicine wheel illustrates this point because it emphasizes the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 connectedness of the four basic elements. So (A) is the best choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. E Remember the Native American view stated in the passage is that all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 natural things are connected; so we should expect that the scenario will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 demonstrate this belief. (A) is specifically opposed to that. (C) is also, to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a lesser degree. (B) is neutral toward the Native American idea—it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 neither contradicts it nor realizes it. (D) and (E) are in accord with the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Native American view because they recognize the connectedness of an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organism and its habitat. However, (D) mention studying a specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 499
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organism in its habitat, while (E) mentions studying a habitat as a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 whole. So, (E) is broader and, in this case, broader is better. The best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. C Does the author portray Copland’s music in a very negative or very 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 positive light? Neither, so (A) and (E) are out. The author actually just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 describes the reactions of others to Copland’s music and interjects little 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opinion of his or her own. That eliminates (D). Then again, the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is not clinically objective in tone (just think, the passage does not sound 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 like a science passage). That makes (C) the best choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. C The virtuoso passages are passages only a virtuoso could play— 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essentially, difficult. Eliminate (E). There is no negative judgment of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that quality in the passage. That eliminates all but (C), which is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. C The different fates were that the Piano Variation was known by many 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pianists, but played by few in concert, and the Symphonic Ode was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 largely unknown because it was too difficult. Choice (C) says as much, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and so is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. A In the passage, Koussevitzky is first mentioned in connection to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficulty of playing the Symphonic Ode. The passage tells you that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even he, a “champion” of Copland’s music, did not conduct the piece 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 until it had been simplified. Choice (A) correctly points this out. Don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be tricked by the difficult name into answering that he was European. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. C The second paragraph begins, “Perhaps as a reaction to the perfor123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 mance problems of the Symphonic Ode, Copland’s next two orchestral 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 works deal in shorter units of time.” So the author thinks that the pieces 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 immediately subsequent to the Symphonic Ode were made shorter 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because the Ode was not being performed. Choice (C) says the same. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) is tempting but the passage explicitly states that it was the length 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and not the complexity that Copland adjusted in the subsequent pieces. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. E This sentence is essentially saying that, although brief, these works were 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also very difficult to perform. The answer is (E). This is essentially a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 vocabulary question, asking you to define “agile.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. C First off, what does the passage state about Copland’s views of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Americas and music? It says that Copland, “envisioned ‘American 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 music’ as being music of the Americas.” In other words, he thought 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they were related, or should be. (A), (B), and (E) run contrary to this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning. (D) is irrelevant. The answer is (C). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 500 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. D The Mexican material is more accessible to audiences. The opposite of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accessible is inaccessible. (D) should look good to you right away. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Don’t get confused by (C). The emphasis in the sentence is on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 audiences, not musicians. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. C You can eliminate (B) because it is too specific. You can eliminate (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because the author never talks about eating or brushing teeth or other 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 daily activities. (E) is also too specific. (A) is really off in emphasis; the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author focuses on describing the Earth’s appearance more than the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trajectory of the Space Station. The answer is (C). It’s also a good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer because it captures a little bit of the tone of the piece; the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seems to write the passage for an average person experiencing curiosity 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about seeing the Earth from space. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. E The second half of the paragraph contrasts seeing the whole Earth to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seeing just a limited part of it. But the emphasis is on seeing the whole 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Earth, because we’ve all seen limited parts of it. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. B Here you have to be careful because two different window views are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discussed in the passage. The downward-facing window is discussed in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the second half of the second paragraph. And there the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 compares the view to looking at a big blue beach ball up-close, choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. B This is where that second window view comes in. The author first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discusses the downward-facing window and then contrasts it with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 looking through a sideward-facing window in the third paragraph. (B) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. B The passage discusses the “faint glow” in the last sentence of the third 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paragraph. There, he attributes it to the outer rim of the atmosphere. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) says the same thing. (A) mentions the atmosphere, but it designates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the wrong part of the atmosphere. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. B Before the thought exercise is given the author states that, “a good way 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to imagine our view is to stand up and look down at your feet.” In 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “imagining the view” through the thought exercise the reader gets a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definite idea of the proportions of things within the space stations view 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (e.g. where San Francisco is in relation to Denver). Choice (B) says as 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 much, and so is the best answer. Choice (C) is a tempting answer, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it is the idea with which the paragraph begins, but it ends up 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 being too narrow a description of the thought exercise. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 501 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. D You may be tempted to answer (A), because the passage can be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 confusing. But it’s not dry or scientific, so “technical” just isn’t a good 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 word for it. Choice (B) doesn’t capture it’s informality. Choice (E) is too 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extreme—as far as poetic descriptions of the planet go, this one doesn’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 even rate. That leaves (C) and (D). Choice (C) isn’t quite right, either, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it’s not irreverent, it’s just casual. Choice (D) best captures that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sense. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. D You don’t know a lot about what the astronauts do from the passage, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so you’ll have to dig this answer up. Choice (A) seems silly, and would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 really be a disrespectful thing to say about the author. The SAT won’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do that. So eliminate (A). There’s no reference to gravity in the passage, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so eliminate (B). There’s no real reference to physical activity, so (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seems wrong. You are left with (D) and (E). The astronaut uses a lot of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers, and throws them around as though they were quite easy. (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 seems like a reasonable answer. There’s no reference in the passage to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 communication procedures, which means you can eliminate (E) even 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 though it’s sort of a tempting answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. C This is the first question, so it should be one of the easiest, if not the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easiest, questions in the section. For this reason, you don’t have to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expect anything too tricky about this problem. Substitute x 5 2y into 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the first equation and solve for x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 4y 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2y 1 4y 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 5 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y51 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. B There are two main parts to this problem: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. the use of the variable d, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. the change of units from hours to minutes. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Start with the variable since d is half as much as 2d, it should take him 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 half the amount of time, or 1.5 hours. One hour is 60 minutes, and half 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 an hour is 30 minutes, so 1.5 hours is 90 minutes. That’s choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 502 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS
Tip
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. A There is more than one way to solve this problem, but all paths involve 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 manipulating the equation. You can solve for f in the first equation, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 then plug that value into the second equation. You could also just leave 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the 3f as is, and monkey with the formula this way: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3f 1 15 5 27 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3f 1 15 2 15 5 27 2 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3f 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3f 2 6 5 12 2 6 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3f 2 6 5 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Whichever path you take, if you manipulate the equation correctly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll get choice (A) as your answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. A The first thing to notice is that this triangle is a 30-60-90 triangle, one 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the SAT’s favorite triangles. Since you can read off the relationships 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between different sides of a 30-60-90 triangle, it can be readily seen that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the x 1 y side is half the length of the hypotenuse (which is 14). Half of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14 is 7, so (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. D Translating the English into algebra is the key to all word problems. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the snack costs twenty cents less than the drink, you can write 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down d 2 20 5 s. Since a snack and drink together costs $1.30, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also know that s 1 d 5 130. You have two equations and two variables. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Substitute the first equation into the second and then solve: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 s 1 d 5 130 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 d 2 20! 1 d 5 130 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2d 2 20 5 130 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2d 2 20 1 20 5 130 1 20 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2d 5 150 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2d 150 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 d 5 75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A drink costs 75 cents ($0.75), so (D) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For problems dealing with units of money, always decide whether you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to work in dollars or cents. If the amount of money is great, using 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 dollars is typically the best way to go. On this problem, converting to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 cents might work better since you won’t have to deal with any decimals. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 503 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. D This problem looks really complicated, but don’t let that ruffle your test 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 feathers. With function problems, just plug in whatever the problem 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tells you to plug into the equation. Be a machine! Here, you are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 considering when x 5 2, so f(2x) is the same thing as f(4). (Of course, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the question could have just said x 5 4, but that would have been too 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 easy). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now just replace every x in the problem with a 4: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x f(x) 5 x 1 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~4! 5 4 1 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f 4 5 4 1 256 ~ ! 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 f ~4! 5 260 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your answer is (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. D This one looks strange, and it is as straightforward to solve as it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appears. If you only consider x to be x, then you only get the = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extraneous solution, and not the correct one. You start by squaring 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both sides and then factoring. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 4x 1 12x 1 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0 5 3x2 1 12x 19 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0 5 3~x 1 4x 1 3! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0 5 x 1 4x 1 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0 5 x 1 3 x 1 1 ~ !~ ! 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 23 or x 5 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Checking both solutions in the original equation, you see that only x 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21 works. This is choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. E If |x 1 1| . |y|, what do you know about x and y? Not much actually. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x could be 210 and y could be 5, and the inequality would be true. But 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x could also be 10,000 and y could be 9,998, and the inequality would 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 still be true. This means you cannot nail down the relationship between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x and y, so (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 504 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. A This question is almost all Math Speak, but hopefully you are getting 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better at this language. The whole thing sets up an equation. “Percent” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means “divide by 100,” and “is the same value” works the same as an 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equal sign. “What number” is Math Speak for “place a variable here.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here’s the translation: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “75 percent of 104 is the same value as 60 percent of what number” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 75 60 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 104! 5 n ~ 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 100 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~0.75!~104! 5 0.6n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 78 5 0.6n 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 78 0.6n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0.6 0.6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 130 5 n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The percentages were rewritten as decimals instead of fractions to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 make it easier to use your calculator. Dividing 78 by 0.6 is not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something most people can do easily, but for a calculator, it’s a cinch. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. D Equations of lines can be put into the y 5 mx 1 b form, and then the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y-intercept, b, can be read off. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 2 x 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 3y 2 x 1 x 5 12 1 x 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y 5 x 1 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3y x 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 3 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y5 14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If 4 is the y-intercept, and twice this number is 8, choice (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 505 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Note
S D
S D
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. C 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you can see from this figure a 5 a, and b 5 b because alternate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interior angles are congruent. If two angles of a triangle are congruent 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to two angles of another triangle, what can you deduce about the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 relationship between the third angles? The third angles must also be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 congruent. If you don’t see this, pick values for a and b and remember 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the sum of the mesures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Choice (C) is the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. D These next three problems test your ability to deal with unfamiliar 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 symbols. Recall that you will be told everything that you need to know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 about the new symbol. Carefully read the instructions and don’t get 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rattled; everything you need to know about the new symbol will be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 handed to you on a platter. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the subtraction problem, convert each term one at a time: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 { 2323 5 3322 and { 2321 5 1322 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (It’s helpful if you write out the middle unchanging middle digits first, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and then write the first and last digits.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So { 2323 2 { 2321 5 3322 2 1322 5 2000, choice (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. A You know that A is a two-digit number between 10 and 20, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 narrows the field of possible answers to 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 19. This may seem like a lot, but the second part of the problem 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will narrow things down. The equation ({ A)2 5 {(A2)looks confusing, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but the key word is “equation.” The two values are equal, even though 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ve flipped the first and last digits. Flipping 19 makes 91, which is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 quite a difference, and it’s highly unlikely that 19 5 91 . 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 At this point, you might suspect that 11 was the answer because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reversing the digits does not change the value of the number. That is a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good suspicion, and if you see it, you can easily read off that (A) is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer. If you did not have that suspicion, just dive into the problem 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trying different choices. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 506 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. E Since each variable is a digit and the inequality is true, plug in some 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers to try to make the smallest difference possible: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A . B . C . D . E 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 . 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now look at the subtraction problem and plug in the numbers above: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ABCD 2 {(ABCD) 5 5432 2 2435 5 2977 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The difference is greater than one thousand, so choice (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There is a theoretical path that leads to the same answer on this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem, but when dealing with weird symbols problems the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 theoretical path is usually not the best one to take. As you can see, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 generating some numbers and then placing them into the equation 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 works well and didn’t take too long. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. C There’s no answer choice that says, “It cannot be determined,” so you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have to realize that there is a way to determine the area of the circle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Since the area formula for a circle is A 5 pr this means there has to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a way to find the radius of the circle, which in this case is line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 segment RS. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The two statements underneath the drawing give you the tools you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need. If “line q is tangent to circle R,” then angle RST is a right angle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 RT 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 And if RS 5 , then you can determine the value of RS since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem gives you the length of RT as 18. For line segment RS, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 6. If you place this value of the radius into radius will be 6, since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the area formula for a circle, you’ll find answer (C) at the end. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 pr2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 p62 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 36p 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. E All of the answer choices mention August and September total sales, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the first step in this problem is to figure out what these values are. In the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 table, August has two squares (1,000 each) and three triangles (50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 returns each), so total August sales are: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2(1,000) 2 3(50)5 2000 2 150 5 1,850 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 507 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Doing the same box-and-triangle conversion, you should find that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 September total sales were 1950. Therefore, there were 100 more sales 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in September than in August. This lets you cross out (B) and (D), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because they have September total sales as being less than August total 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sales. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The final three answers all have different percentages. The difference in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 monthly sales is 100 (1950 2 1850), so what percent of 1,850 is 100? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1850 5 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100! 1850 5 100~100! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~ 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1850n 5 10000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1850n 10000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1850 1850 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 n 5 5.4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 100 is 5.4 percent of 1850, which means that September total sales 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 were 5.4 percent greater than August total sales. (E) says the same and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is the correct answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. C You cannot solve this problem unless you do some creative line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drawing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To find the unknown lengths, you have to subtract known values of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opposites. Take the top and bottom sides, for instance. The larger top 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side is 8, and the lower part is 5, so the difference must be 3. A dashed 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 line shows this value. Subtracting the right side (length 2) from the left 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 side (length 6), you find another dashed line that has a value of 4. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 From this sketch you can see that x is the hypotenuse of a 3-4-5 triangle, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and so is equal to 5. This means the perimeter is 26, (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 508 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. A Unpack the tangle of terms, and you’ll find the answer. You are looking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for two prime numbers that: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. When you subtract them you get 21. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. When you multiply them you get one of the answer choices. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It might not sound like enough information to find the answer, but it is. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 None of the answer choices are very great, so one or both of the prime 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers must be less than ten. If the two primes were greater, their 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 product would not be as small as the answer choices. The difference 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 between the two primes is 21, which means that one of the prime 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers must be small. Good candidates for the lesser prime are 2, 3, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or 5. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Prime numbers starting in the 20s are 23, 29, 31, and 37. Use a little 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 trial and error, and you’ll realize that the difference between 23 and 2 is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. Those are the two primes. What is 2 times 23? The answer is 46, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. B First, it always helps to draw a quick sketch of the scenario to get a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 better grasp on what is being asked. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The first thing to determine is the midpoint of DE, which you can do by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 using the midpoint formula: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 0 1 5 12 1 0 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 , 5 ~2.5,6! , , 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can keep the x-value as a fraction if you like, but converting it to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2.5 will make it easier to punch into your calculator. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 509 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Looking at the dashed lines, you can see a right triangle with its 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypotenuse from the origin to the midpoint of DE. It has sides of 2.5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and 6. Placing those values into the Pythagorean theorem yields: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 a 1b 5c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2.5 1 6 5 c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6.25 1 36 5 c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 42.25 5 c2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 42.25 5 c = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6.5 5 c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 It’s choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. A It’s a big equation, but in the end it’s just that: an equation. You have to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pull out two different techniques—FOIL and PEMDAS—to solve it, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but so long as you write out your work carefully, you will reach the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 right answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2b 5 ~b 2 7!~b 1 3! 2 ~2b 1 2!~b 1 5! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2b 5 b 1 3b 2 7b 2 21 2 2b 1 10b 1 2b 1 10 ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 2b 5 b 2 4b 2 21 2 2b 1 12b 1 10 ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2b2 5 b2 2 4b 2 21 2 2b2 2 12b 2 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2b 5 2b 2 16b 2 31 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 2 2b 1 b 5 2b 1 b 2 16b 2 31 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 0 5 216b 2 31 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 0 1 16b 5 216b 1 16b 2 31 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16b 5 231 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16b 231 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16 16 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 31 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 5 2 5 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16 16 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is your answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. A There’s no table given for this question, so it’s up to you to create one. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In this respect it’s like a diagram without a diagram given: You could 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 conceivably answer it without the visual aids, but it’s much easier 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with them. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 For the table, start with the years: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 510 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now place the number of people in Cree County in 1950 in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 appropriate place, and then start multiplying by three. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1000 3000 9000 27000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 In the 1980s, the population fell by one-half, so divide 27,000 by 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Then go back to multiplying by 3. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1000 3000 9000 27000 13,500 40,500 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Your answer is choice (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. A Something that can be counted requires “fewer” rather than “less.” The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. B In for Ada and I, I is used here as the object of a preposition (for). That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should never be. Me is the object of a preposition, or a direct or indirect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 object. The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. B Is the subject in this sentence singular or plural? Team is singular. Is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 verb singular or plural? Compete is plural. The clause which is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comprised of four cyclists obscures the subject-verb disagreement, but 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it is still there. (B) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 4. E Did you hear any mistakes in this sentence? Hopefully you didn’t 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because there are not any. (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. A If you know that Louis and Clark were nineteenth-century explorers, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the verb have surveyed might sound strange even before you read the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rest of the sentence. If not, were well prepared suggests that the first 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exploration happened prior to an event which is, itself, in the past. The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 first verb should be had surveyed, and the answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. D There is a parallel structure problem here. Focus, a verb, should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paired with follow up, a verb, not follow-up, which is a noun. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. C Nothing in this sentence sounds wrong, but (E) is not the answer. Here’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 why, to whom does the its refer? It is not clear if it refers to the Ottoman 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or Austrian Empire. An ambiguous pronoun reference is an error, and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 511 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. A What is the subject, census (singular) or statistics (plural)? Statistics. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Census is used as an adjective. The plural subject means you would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need a plural verb, were. The answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. B Scarcely no one is a double negative. It should be scarcely anyone. (B) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. D This is a tricky question because the error arises with the implied part of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. The full sentence with the implied part written out 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 explicitly reads, “Even though he had the title of Vice-President of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Operations, his duties and responsibilities were not much greater than a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 midlevel manager’s duties and responsibilities.” The short version 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 should still say manager’s. The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. D After both, you especially need parallel structure. It should read more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accessible and more understandable. The other answers only confuse 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the original. The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. D The initial modifier should put you on the lookout for an incorrect 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 noun, or reference to the “thing” that is being modified. You should 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 examine the noun that directly follows the modifier carefully. Does the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modifier modify the noun that follows it? Nope. The poet, Gerard 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Manley Hopkins, not his poems, is what is being modified here. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possessive form (Hopkins’s) and the noun poems messes things up in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the original and answer choices (A), (B), and (C). To make it work, you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 need to get rid of the possessive on the author’s name. Only (D) and (E) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 do that. (E) makes an unnecessary change to the verb. The better 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. E The original underlined phrase is not glaringly obtuse or a grammatical 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 disaster, but it is a little wordy. Also, this includes the Human Rights 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Commission is a complete sentence, so it would need to be attached 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with a semicolon. Only (E) addresses both problems without creating 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 others. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. C The most blatant mistake here is that, again, the clause that follows a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comma is technically a complete sentence. The best way to approach 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this question is to read all the way through each of the answers to see if 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they contain problems. (B) has tense problems. (D) also has two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 complete sentences attached by a comma (this is called a comma splice). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) just doesn’t work. The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 512 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. B The underlined portion of the sentence reads awkwardly for two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 reasons. First, it includes the phrase her plans of, which is redundant 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because the list is a list of her plans. Second, the preceding plans in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 list are given in infinitive form (i.e. to refinance), but the last plan of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 action is not in infinitive form. Any answer choice that deals with these 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two issues will be the best choice. (B) is that answer choice. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. B You know the correct answer won’t be a complete sentence, because it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is attached by a comma to the main clause. Eliminate (E). You will also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 want to cut down on wordiness, rather than add to it. Eliminate (A) and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C). Which suggests that the clause modifies a noun that comes just 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before it. That isn’t the case. The answer is (B). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. C Again, you want to move toward parallel structure as much as possible. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You don’t want nouns in one part of the list and verbs in another, as you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have now. Change the noun tolerance to a verb, tolerate. You can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 narrow the field to (C) and (E). (E) is wrong because you don’t use a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 comma in a two-items list. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. D Guess what? Parallel structure again. To commit a crime needs to be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 followed by (to) conceal it. That leaves (D), without you even having to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know that among suggests more than two people, whereas between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suggests two. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. C Here’s the test writers’ other favorite trick: “not only” with “but also.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Only (C) and (E) use this construction. (E) makes the tenses 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unnecessarily complex. The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. D The sentence as it stands is muddy and unnecessarily wordy. These are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 things to be avoided in good writing. “If” should be followed by a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “then” clause. What follows here doesn’t fit that logical pattern. So if is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out. That leaves (D) and (E). (D) gets rid of the repetitive and vague it in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the second part of the sentence. Good. The answer is (D). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. D The original version should wave a red flag at you that it is repetitive 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and cumbersome and will need to be changed. (B) is even more vague 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and wordy than the original, despite being a single sentence. (C) is weak 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it begins the essay with the word it, which is never a strong 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 opener. (E) is suspect because the essay is about the word modern not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modernity. (Yes, modernity is later introduced, but that does not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 change the point that the essay is about the word modern.) (E) is also 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 unnecessarily wordy. That leaves (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 513 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22. B Descartes is the thing that will link the two sentences. He is the subject 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the first and the object of the second. This is a prime example of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 when to use whom. (B) is better than (C) and the others are longer than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the original, not shorter. (B) is the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23. E What is the logical connection between the opinions of academics other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than philosophers and the opinions of historians in particular? The 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 latter is an example of the former. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24. B The original sentence is clunky because it has both beginning of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 modernity and beginning of modern times. You will want to replace the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second with it. That leaves (B) and possibly (E). (E) adds unhelpful 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 extra verbiage in other places, so (B) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25. E Anything separated by commas should be detachable from the rest of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the sentence. Remove the phrase between commas and you get Most of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 us. . . we are thinking. Bad. Most of us think. (E) is the only answer that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 addresses that problem correctly. (B) actually changes the sense by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminating the subject of “think” so that it becomes a command. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 26. B Choices (C) and (E) have an imprecise and unclear 2ing verb, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate them. (D) is just a wordier alternative to (B), so eliminate it. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (B) is so straightforward and clear that it is better than the original. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27. E The passage is talking about the 1920s. Be as specific as possible, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 without being wordy as in (C) and (D). The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 28. C The only punctuation marks that are possible here are parentheses, a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 semicolon or a colon. The second sentence gives more specific 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 information to elaborate on the first sentence, so a colon is better than 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a semicolon or parentheses. The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 29. D What’s wrong with the transition in the original? Is it a logical problem 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or a grammatical problem? It sounds weird and wordy, so it’s a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 grammatical problem. The sense is logical, so keep it. Eliminate (A); it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 changes the sense. Which of the answers simplifies and clarifies the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 grammar? The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30. A Eliminate (D) because it’s grammatically incorrect. Eliminate (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it really doesn’t go with the ideas in the passage. If you look 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 back at the passage, you’ll see that the last sentence is not about Macy’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but Bloomingdales. (E) would be out of place, so eliminate it. You’re 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 left with (A) and (B). While (B) would be an adequate conclusion to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 third paragraph, only (A) reflects back over the entire passage. The best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 514 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 4 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. D Jerome does not indulge much. He is an ascetic, (D). A teetotaler, (B), is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 someone who does not consume alcohol. A gourmand, (C), is someone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 who indulges a great deal in fine food. Neither (A) nor (E) have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anything to do with indulgence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. A Begin with the first blank, since you know that it must be something 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative since protests were planned. (B) and (D) are not negative, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate them. Going to the second blank, organized fits well, while 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negotiated and theorized do not (you don’t theorize about a protest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 event). This makes (A) the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. B We know the first word will be negative, since it engendered criticism. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 All of the words are negative, so you can’t eliminate anything yet. But 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 what would a politician be if he “seized a ceremony” having to do with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 a “girl’s tragic death to speak out against his opponent”? Not militaris9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tic, or unreceptive, certainly not passive or defeatist. The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. E All of the options in this question have a first word that could be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something one software did to another. For the second word, all the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices, except (D), are things a user could likely do to software. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Preclude, (A), means make something impossible, but the “prior 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 version” clearly isn’t impossible so eliminate (A). If the older version is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 outdone, you don’t want to implement, or use, it. Eliminate (B). If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something is infected, you don’t want to disregard it, so eliminate (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is (E). Supercede means replace by being better, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would mean you could throw out, or discard, the now useless thing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. B Let’s start with the first blank since it has to be paired with long. Which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the first answer choices pairs well with long? Only storied, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 exemplary, and reputable do (the others either are awkward or don’t fit 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with the meaning of the sentence). Plug in the second answer choices of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A), (B), and (E) into the sentence. Can poetry initiate the dignity of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 humanity? No. Eliminate (A). Can it articulate, or express? Definitely. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B) sounds too good to pass up. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. C You should have a good sense of what kind of word goes in each blank 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because each blank has a pair. The second blank has a more obvious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 pair, so start with it. Which of the second answer choices goes with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 speedy? (A) and (C) are the best candidates. On the first blank, does 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 intricate and laborious or fragile and laborious sound better? Intricate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does because it provides a better contrast with the second half of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sentence. (Also, it is strange to speak of a surgery being fragile; someone 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in surgery might be in fragile health, but the surgery itself would not be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fragile.) (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 515 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. A Despite at the beginning of the sentence is the main clue to unlocking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the blank. You need one positive word and one negative word. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (B) and (C). Now what can clans do to each other? Assist, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possibly discount. A problem is ameliorated, not a person or group of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 people. (A) is the better answer, especially since “feud” and “clan” are 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both words that seem to refer to the past. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. B From the structure of the sentence, we can see that the word in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blank goes along with humor and merriment. Which of the answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choices fits with these two positive words? Only (B), mirth, does. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (Irony, history, and mystery, are at best neutral terms in this context, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 not positive.) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. A The Latin makes this sentence complicated. You can combat this by 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 replacing the Latin words with the letters (A) and (B) in your head (i.e. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 although (A) has more subspecies than (B) . . . ). The although is the key 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 to the logic of the sentence structure. Although (A) has more subspecies 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 than (B), (B) has greater numbers. (A) and (E) match this pre-guess for 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the first blank. (E) isn’t really logical (how can a region be ominous?), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 so the answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. D Looking at the first blank, (B) and (E) can be eliminated because both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are not conventional English. That leaves (A), (C), and (D). (A) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suspect, though, because progression is an odd word choice for the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 context. (C) is illogical. (D) is a best choice because it flows well in both 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blanks and because development is already a word you associate with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “pregnancy” and “fetus.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. C The word, Though, tells you that the ideals and the practices of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 organization are at odds. So if the ideals are outward-focused then the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 practice must be inward-focused. Which of the answer choices matches 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this pre-guess? Only (C), insular (isolated, circumscribed), does. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Hermetic means tightly sealed. It’s not too far off in meaning, but it 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t refer to group behavior. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. B On the first blank we know that the word goes with base, and we know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the prosecuting attorney is probably not saying nice things about 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the defendant. (A) and (B) fit this (motley doesn’t; even though it has a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative connotation, it means a random or ungainly assortment). This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaves misunderstanding the testimonials or misconstruing the testimo9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 nials, for the second blank. The latter is a better choice since the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prosecuting attorney is more likely to be making the defendant sound 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bad on purpose than by mistake. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 516 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. B This sentence is either really positive or really negative about the new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drug regime. It is more likely positive since a new drug wouldn’t come 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out if it was known to be really negative. So your inclination should be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that the blank is very positive. Only (B) fits this, and it fits well. If you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have extra time, you can check to see if there is a really negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 response that might fit better. Bane could work in terms of meaning, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but it doesn’t work syntactically. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. C The blanks in this sentence are a little more complicated because they 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 must be considered together. The first blank is negative and the second 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blank is even more negative (in the same way, or to a greater degree). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The second blank isn’t negative in (A) and (D), so they are not it. That 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaves (B), (C), and (E). Of the three, (C) is the best since self-centered 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and egocentric are synonyms and solipsism is a more negative form of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 both words. You might be tempted to go with (B) because you don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know what solipsistic means, but you can eliminate it because 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ill-tempered has little to do with self-centered. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. B What is a good pre-guess for the blank? Really hectic (that is, opposite 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of alleviating demands upon our time). Only (B) matches this pre-guess, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and it fits in the flow of the sentence. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. A This is a global question since it cannot be answered by looking at one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 specific place in the text but has to be weighed considering the passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 as a whole. Ask yourself, does the author present Dr. Rael positively or 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negatively, sympathetically or unsympathetically? The article describes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Dr. Rael’s career, generally in positive terms, and no criticisms of Dr. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Rael’s work is discussed. So the answer should be positive. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminates (C)—(E). (B) might seem appealing, but realize that an article 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can engage a person’s work without being positive about that work. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Also the passage more tells about Dr. Rael’s work than engages it. So 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) is the best choice. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. C Again this is a global question. To rephrase the question, what is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage about? It tells the story of Dr. Rael’s life with specific emphasis 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on his professional career. Choice (C) captures this. You might have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 been attracted by (E), but remember the passage only discusses the Rael 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 family when it contributes to the story of Dr. Rael. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. B You can answer this either as a detail question or as a global question; 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you will get the answer more quickly if you answer it as a detail 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. You can find in paragraph 3 that “José Ignacio had the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 foresight to recognize the changes that were coming with the increasing 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Americanization of New Mexico and realized that a fluent knowledge 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 517 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of English. . . would be necessary.” Choices (B) and (D) seem to echo 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this sentence. But the passage does not go on to say that Dr. Rael did not 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 learn English. The answer is (B). If you answer it as a global question, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 use the process of elimination. The passage doesn’t mention job 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 discrimination. The passage refers to Rael studying far from his family, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but doesn’t mention that problem in regard to teaching. It strongly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suggests that Rael was successful in American schools with English 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 names, so eliminate (D). The passage doesn’t specify what Rael studied 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 before his Ph.D. Choices (C) and (E) are hard to eliminate, but an 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 overall view of the passage should convey that the folklore was precious 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and disappearing. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. E Relinquished means he gave something up, but the passage does not state 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that Rael was relieved to give up his family duties. Eliminate (D). There is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no mention of sibling rivalry, so you can eliminate (A). The passage doesn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 say if the family was wealthy or simply OK, so (B) is out. It certainly 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t say Rael had tried to be a rancher, choice (C). That leaves (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. E This question is similar to question 18, but it is definitely a global 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 question. The basic gist of the passage is that Rael’s work was 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 important. He collected Spanish-language folklore and studied the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 particular Spanish used in the area. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. C Someone you study under is your mentor. This is a vocabulary question. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 22. B Corpus refers to a body of work. The only answer choice that reflects 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the idea of more than one book is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 23. B Looking over the choices, there is no reference to Dr. Rael enjoying 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 working on the ranch (or using his scholarly pursuits to avoid it, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would already be using logic too strained for the SAT). The passage 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does mention his love of Pastores. Just after the mention of Pastores, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the passage says this influenced his later work. Bingo. The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24. A This is a tough one. But “diffusion of motifs” seems to be related to the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number of variants of a particular story. That eliminates (C) and (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The passage goes on to emphasize how many variants there were, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 suggesting that the answer will emphasize difference more than 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sameness. Eliminate (B) and (D). The answer is (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 25. B If you do not know the definition of provenance you are not lost on this 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one. Replace it with each of the answer choices and see which one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes the most sense. If you do know the definition of provenance 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (origin), then (B) pops out as the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 518 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
www.petersons.com
ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 26. D The end of the seventh paragraph states, “But inevitably the historic9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 geographic approach led more to collection building than to analysis.” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is the most critical sentence in the passage. The answer (D) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 includes the word “analysis” and is a fair paraphrase of this sentence. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 27. B This one is also hard. First of all, do you know what formidable and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quixotic mean? Impressive, difficult, and errant—which is to say, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 traveling a lot. This comes from Don Quixote, who traveled a lot. He 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 was also a little crazy, which is why the test writers try to trick you with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A) and (C). But these don’t apply to Dr. Rael. Remember, the overall 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 tone is “laudatory.” (E) tries to trick you by getting you to admit that 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you were confused at this point in the passage. Admitting you don’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know will never be the answer on the SAT. The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. A The wrinkle in this word problem is correctly translating what a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “quarter” of the factory’s capacity means. A quarter is one-fourth of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 something, so a quarter of full capacity—200 sheets of paper per 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second—is one-fourth of 200, or 50. If a quarter-capacity is 50 sheets 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 per second, in 12 seconds the factory would produce 600 sheets since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 50 3 12 5 600. Choice (A) is what’s going on. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. E This is a straightforward variable/equation substitution problem. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Z 5 3 and Z 5 , then you substitute the value of 3 for Z in the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 second equation to get: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Z5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 3 5 5 ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 5 2x 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 2x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 519 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
Note
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. A There are two prime ways to approach this problem. You can do a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 factor tree for both numbers, find the common factors, and then look 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 down the answer list for the greatest one. If you don’t know what a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “factor tree” is, you could go through the answer choices one by one to 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see which is the greatest that divides 32 and 42. Start with choice (E), 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since it’s the greatest number, and if it works, it’s the answer. 12 doesn’t 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 work, so try the next greatest one, 8, choice (D). Eight doesn’t work, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and neither does 6 or 3. This leaves (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. B If you understand the idea of slope, the answer will fall into your lap. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you have trouble with this problem, review pages 350–352 in the Math 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 section to make sure you are perfectly comfortable with slope and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 linear equations in the form y 5 mx 1b. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Viewed from left to right, the line descends, which means the slope is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 negative. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That eliminates choices (C), (D), and (E). A slope is “rise over run,” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 meaning you look at the change in y-values as the numerator of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fraction, while the change in x-values is the denominator. The line 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 drops two points along the y-axis for every three points it moves over 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 on the x-axis, so the slope is 2 , choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. E You need to know the total number of students in each grade to answer 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 th this question. The table tells you there are 32 in the 4 grade, so you 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 only need to determine the total in the 3rd grade. There are 16 boys and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 rd 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14 girls in the 3 grade, which makes 30 total. The overall total is 32 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 plus 30, which is 62, choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The table is incomplete, but don’t let this worry you. The SAT will 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 always provide the information needed to answer the question, one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 way or another. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 th th 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. D If there are 18 girls in the 4 grade, then there are 14 boys in 4 grade 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rd 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (32 2 18 5 14). The table says there are 16 boys in 3 grade, so there 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rd th 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are a total of 30 (16 1 14 5 30) in the 3 and 4 grade. Choice (D) is 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 520 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. A Careful here. The problem asks for the value of the exponent, not the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 simplified expression. Simplifying this expression looks a little wiggy, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 but you need to be prepared to work with wacky-looking exponents 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problems like this: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 22 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~m4! 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 m2114 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 3 2 5 3 3 51313 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 4~m4! 4m4m4 4 4 m m m m m 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The exponent is 2 , which is choice (A). If this makes no sense to you, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’ll want to review the rules of multiplying and dividing exponents. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. C You can’t solve this problem without a little help from the algebraic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expressions. You know that the two expressions sum to 90 (because the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 measures of the interior angles of a triangle sum to 180), but there are 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 two variables and only one equation: 2x 1 y 1 3x 2 y 5 90 (They 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 equal 90 since the right angle takes up the other 90°.) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If the y variables didn’t subtract out when you added the two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 expressions, you could not solve for x. The whole point to this problem 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is to brain freeze students who look at it and say, “There are two 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 variables and only one equation. It can’t be solved!” If you just write 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 out the equation, you can avoid this type of paralysis. Writing down 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 your work saves the day! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 1 y 1 3x 2 y 5 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5x 5 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5x 90 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 18 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 521 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. E For word problems, always translate the English into algebra. Call the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 distance from Easton to Bethsaida via highway x. Traveling this route is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7 miles longer than going on surface streets, so going via surface streets 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is x 2 7. Traveling both routes is 31 miles, which translates to: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 (x 2 7) 5 31. Once you have an equation, you can solve for x: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 x 2 7 5 31 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 7 5 31 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 2 7 1 7 5 31 1 7 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 5 38 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2x 38 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x59 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Here you might to double check that x is the highway route distance 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 and not the surface street distance. Choice (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. E A function is undefined at a certain value, if at that value the function 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does not make any sense. For this function, the most probable way that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 it could be undefined is if the denominator is zero. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 When is the denominator zero? Solve it like a quadratic to see: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 1 3x 2 18 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ~x 1 6!~x 2 3! 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The denominator is zero if x equals 26 or 3, which is choice (E). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. D The graph is a parabola, so it will have an x2 term in it. Sometimes that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 will help you cross out an answer choice or two, but on this question all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 answer choices have an x in them. Even so, it was a good technique; it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 didn’t work on this problem, but it will work on others. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 The parabola is facing downwards, so the x term must have a negative 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 in front of it. If you don’t see why, plug some numbers into 2x2. That 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminates (A) and (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Our last clue will come from where the figure crosses the y-axis. At this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 point, x must equal zero, which means that 2x will also be zero. When 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x equals zero on the graph, the value of f(x is 22. So you are looking 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for an answer choice that has both 2x and 22. Although it’s hiding a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 bit inside some parentheses, (D) is the answer since 2(x 1 2) 5 2x 2 2. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 522 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. D With congruent triangles, corresponding angles and sides are congru9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ent. Both are right triangles, so you should smell the Pythagorean 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 theorem wafting about this problem as a method of solving for y. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 a 1b 5c 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 2 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 5 5 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 1 25 5 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y2 1 25 2 25 5 100 2 25 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 =75 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might also have noticed that both figures are 30-60-90 triangles 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (you can infer this from the relationship between the hypotenuse and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the smallest side of the triangle on the left). This means y 5 5=3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 which brings you once again to =75. Either method, choice (D) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. A Plug in the answer choices and see which ones make the equation true. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Many of the numbers repeat and the equation isn’t that involved, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 this doesn’t take as long as you might think. 1 works, but 21 doesn’t. If 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you try all the answer choices, you will see that only 1 works, which 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 makes (A) the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. B There are multiple ways to approach this problem. Possibly the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quickest is to count up the multiples of three that are even and 50 or less 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (if they are even, they will be divisible by 2). This list starts 6, 12, 18, 24 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ... 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You might stop here and realize that the members of set Z are all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiples of 6. Even if you don’t, you’ll continue with: 30, 36, 42, and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 48. 54 is the next item, but it’s too great, so there are eight members of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 set Z. (B) is the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. D With similar figures, the ratios of each pair of corresponding sides must 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 be equal. The tricky part to this problem is the bent-leg formation of the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 given figure. The L-shape could roughly be described as, “three squares 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 up, then one to the right.” Choice (A) is too thin, i.e. there was no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 corresponding increase in width even though there is an increase in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 length. With (B), the small part of L seems to be too big, and with (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the big part of the L is too large in proportion to the skinny part. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Now look at choice (D). The fact that the figure has been rotated makes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no difference with similarity. If you draw the following dashed lines on 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 choice (D), you’ll see why it’s the right answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 523 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 Here you have the same figure, “three squares, then one to the right.” 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The squares are much larger, but they are in the same corresponding 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 proportion. Choice (D) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. C The figure is a square since the side lengths are all equal and all the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 angles are ninety degrees (if you don’t see this, rotate the figure ninety 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 degrees). To find the side length, it’s Pythagoras time, but you get a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shortcut since you have a special triangle. Each side length is the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 triangle whose equal sides are of length one. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So the hypotenuse/side length of the square is 2. Put this into the = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 area of a square formula and you’ll find answer (C): 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A5s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 ~=2! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A52 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 17. B First, make sure you understand what all those words mean. You have 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eight numbers that are integers, and are also even, and when you add 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 them up, they sum to 50. Furthermore, only two of the eight integers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can be the same value. In other words, there are never three integers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 that are the same. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To find the greatest possible integer in the set, first make all the other 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 integers as least as possible. The set could be 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, x. This 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 would maximize x. Now solve: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 6 1 6 1 8 1 x 5 50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 32 1 x 5 50 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 32 2 32 1 x 5 50 2 32 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 18 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 This is choice (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You can also start with the greatet numerical answer choice and then 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 see if it works, but this will take more time than setting up a formula. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 524 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 18. E Time to sketch! Here’s one where two of the triangle’s vertices coincide 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 with two of the square’s corners. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 You could also have AB run along DE. In fact, using AB you could put 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the triangle in the square four different ways (along DF, DE, EG, GF). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Using BC, you could put the triangle in the square four different ways 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also. The same is true for AC. That is a total of 12 different ways that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the triangle could be placed in the square such that two angles of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 triangle coincided with two corners of the square. It means that (E) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 19. D You only know the distances between these points. You don’t know 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 their orientation in relation to each other. If T is on a line between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 G and S, then G and T are 4 away from each other (9 2 5 5 4). That is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the closest that they could be to each other. But if T is on a line with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 S and G, and S is between G and T, then they are 14 away from each 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other (9 1 5 5 14). This is the farthest that they could be from each 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 other. Therefore I is not possible, but II and III are. Choice (D) is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 20. C If you connect A, B, and C, you have an equilateral triangle with a side 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 length of six. BD cuts the triangle into two 30-60-90 triangles. This 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 means that AD 5 3—because of the relationship between the sides of a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 30-60-90 triangle—and so BD 5 3=3, choice (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 21. E This problem has many steps, which is why it’s number 21. First, ask 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 yourself, “What point on the fan travels the greatest distance through 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one revolution?” The answer is the point on the corner tip of the fan 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 blade, as it is the farthest from the axis of rotation. In going through 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 one revolution, this point describes a circle because it rotates about a 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fixed point with a constant radius. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 525 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 To find out how far this point travels, you need to determine the radius 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of this circle. This can be done with some help from the triangle shape 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 at the top of the fan. The dashed lines through the two sides show that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 these sides are congruent. Combine this with the right angle, and you 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 have a 45-45-90 right triangle with two sides of length 4. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 hypotenuse of this triangle will be 4=2, and this length will also be 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the diameter of the circle. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Therefore, in one rotation that point travels the circumference of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 circle it describes: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 C 5 pd 5 4=2p 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 But there’s more! In 30 seconds, the fan can do 300 revolutions. You 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 know this because the problem states that maximum blade speed is 100 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 revolutions in 10 seconds, and you can multiply both of these numbers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 by 3 to get 300 revolutions in 30 seconds. This means that the farthest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the point could travel would be: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 300 3 4=2p 5 1200=2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. D The passage reads, “As he matured, however, Remington turned his 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 attention away from illustration, concentrating instead on painting and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sculpture.” (lines 5–9) So the passage links Remington’s concentration 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 upon painting and sculpture as key for his maturation. Eliminate (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 However, the rest of the passage focuses on his paintings, so the answer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can’t just be sculpture. Eliminate (B). We know he paints nocturnal 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 scenes, so eliminate (E) (this answer isn’t specific enough). He is a great 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 artist of the American West, painting before there were any big cities in 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the West. The passage also implies that he paints natural scenes. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 best answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. C Go back to the passage. In the same sentence with vindicates is claim to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the status of literature. This phrase indicates that literature has more 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 status than fiction. You can confirm this hunch in the next sentence, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 too. It says a work clearly rises to the auspicious status of literature. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Again, the emphasis is on the loftiness of literature. Choice (C) best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 captures this sense. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 526 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. C The passage states that the test of time method, by definition excludes 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 contemporary works from consideration. Choice (C) is a reasonable 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 paraphrase. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. E There is only one topic that the paragraph mentions twice in relation to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the exploration of Mars: detection of life. So this topic is the best 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 candidate for what the paragraph most emphasizes as the motivation 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 for the Mars exploration. The paragraph also concludes with this point. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (E) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. B Does the author of Passage 1 criticize the English system? He says it is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 quirky, but he does not outright criticize it. That eliminates (D) and (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The author does not strongly praise the system either. That eliminates 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (A). The author is also not neutral toward it (he argues that it is part of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the inheritance of the English-speaking world). That eliminates (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (B), qualified acceptance, sounds about right since the author 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 does accept the system but still points out its quirkiness. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. D What is Henry I’s role in the passage? Not simply to demonstrate that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the monarchy was involved in the development of the English system. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (B). The story of Henry I is definitely not included to suggest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the practicality of the English system, since that is contrary to the basic 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 thesis of the passage. Eliminate (E). The basic point of the passage is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 argue that the English system developed arbitrarily over time. Choice 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (D) sounds like a good answer. (A) isn’t right, since the author says the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 anecdote is surprisingly true. Answer (C) is off base, because the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage isn’t simply interested in the length, but also the quality, of the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 English system’s history. Choice (D) is correct. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. C Earthy in context must mean something slightly better than ridiculous, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 because it is used in the discussion of the arbitrary nature of the English 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 system. Choice (C) is the best answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. E Go back to the phrase in the passage. It talks about one system 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 developing in Rome and another in medieval Europe. They reconciled 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the two by making an estimate of one (the mile) that is an even number 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of the other (furlongs). Is that synonymous with determining which one 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is accurate? No. Eliminate choice (A). With developing a more accurate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 system? No. (B) is out. Settling the public’s disagreement? Possibly. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Hang on to (C). Finding a metric equivalent? Definitely not, so 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 eliminate (D). Ceasing to use two different systems? Definitely. Between 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definitely (E)and possibly (C), pick definitely. The answer is (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 527 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. B Again, use your knowledge of the main idea to help guide you. You can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 therefore eliminate (A) and (E). Does the English system continue to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evolve? Use common sense—no. You are left with (B) and (C). The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 passage specifically mentions a variety of sources. (B) is the best answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (C) is less good because it emphasizes the length of history instead of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the quality of that history. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. A You’ve established that the history of the English system is long and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 colorful. In the second passage, the author is also interested in history. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 So she/he would probably not happily agree that that history is less 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 interesting. But there are dates in both passages. The English system 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 goes back to the sixteenth century. Even if you forget that’s actually the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1500s, you still know it’s before 1840. So the history is factually 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 shorter. That makes the answer (A). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. D Go back to the reference to the French Revolution in the passage. The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 author specifically mentions its anti-traditionalist bent. So (D) looks 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 good. She/he doesn’t go so far as to indicate that the greatest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 accomplishment of the French Revolution was the metric system. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (A). The author indicates that the metric system was in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 keeping with the rest of the revolutionary thinking. So eliminate (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 There’s no mention of the revolutionary calendar in the passage. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (C). (E) is the only tricky wrong answer. The passage says the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 metric system wasn’t adopted in France until 1840, but it doesn’t say it 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 wasn’t fully invented before then. The answer is (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. C In the sentence in question, you find that it has been called, or dubbed, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 “voluntary” and “preferred.” The implication is these are some sort of 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 official designation, but they specifically are not required. Choice (C) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sounds like a reasonable, noncommittal paraphrase. Eliminate (D). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 These words also don’t suggest any pending official adoption. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Eliminate (B). (A) overstates the case in the other direction: the view of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the metric system reflected in the sentence in the passage is favorable. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 (E) overstates how favorable—the words in the passage are warm but 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 don’t suggest “superiority.” The answer is (C). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. E Refined in the passage is synonymous with recalculated. The passage 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 doesn’t say whether it’s to make the meter smaller or bigger. That only 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 leaves (E). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 528 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 14. B There is no indication of any ideological shift motivating the 1983 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 move. That eliminates (A), (C), and (E). Which is more logical: new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 calculations of the Earth’s circumference or new ways to calculate 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fractions? The former, especially where the speed of light is involved. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The answer is (B). 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 15. A As soon as you find an answer that isn’t addressed in one passage, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you’re done. Do both passages mention kings who were ruling at the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 time of their invention? No. Passage 2 talks about the French 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Revolution, which overthrew the king; it only mentions a king in 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 regards to the English system. Choice (A) is the answer. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16. A Which of the answers is something that the author of Passage 2 would 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 agree with but does not explicitly state? Which is most plausible? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Choice (A) is the most reasonable answer on its face. You can find 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 evidence for it when the author says It is the great asset of the metric 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 system, at least for scientists, that units for measuring weight and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 energy are also derived from the basic unit of the meter and The 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 adoption of the metric system, also known as the international system, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or S.I., coincided with great advances in science. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 7 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. There is nothing fancy about this problem. Substitute and solve for x. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2y 5 12 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y 5 6 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 x 1 x 5 y = = 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2=x 1 =x 5 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3=x 5 6 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 =x 5 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x54 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. The first five even integers are 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Rev up that calculator start 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 multiplying. The answer is 3,840. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. If the probability that a senior would be picked is three-eighths, then seniors 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are three-eighths of the entire student body. Since Rider High has 400 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 students, the equation would be: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3 1200 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 400 3 5 5 150 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8 8 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 529 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. The volume of any rectangular solid is the length times the width times the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 height. The figure tells us the width and the height, and you can determine 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the length from what you know about the area of the shaded side. Start with 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the area of a rectangle formula and you can find the length: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A5l3h 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 5 4 3 l 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 65l 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Place this length of 6 into the volume formula for the box: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 V 5 l 3 h 3 w 5 3 3 4 3 6 5 72 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. First use the area of a circle formula to determine the radius. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 A 5 pr2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16p 5 pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16p pr 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 p p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 16 5 r2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 45r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The diameter of a circle is twice the radius, so the diameter is 8. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. There are some fancier ways to solve this problem, but the surest way is to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 count up the options. She could have: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1. No toppings. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2. Just a 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 3. Just p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4. Just r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5. a and p 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 6. a and r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. p and r 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. All the toppings. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 That is a total of 8. Sure, there’s a fancier math way of handling this 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 problem, but since you have the right answer, what does it matter? Is your 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 SAT score in any way determined by whether you used the “fancy method” 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 or not? 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 530 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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ANSWERS 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 7. If x is the sum of the five numbers, you know: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 sum 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 Average 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 number of items 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 16 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 5 5 16 ~ !5 ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 80 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Make y the number taken away from the set y. You know that 80 minus y is 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the new sum, and that the new average is 14. With this information you can 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 solve for y using the equation: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 80 2 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 5 14 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 80 2 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 4 5 14 ~ ! ~ ! 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 80 2 y 5 56 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 80 2 56 2 y 5 56 2 56 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 2 y 5 0 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 24 5 y 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 8. Since the triangle is a right triangle, you can use the Pythagorean theorem to 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 determine the third side of the triangle: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 c2 5 a2 1 b2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 100 5 64 1 b 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 36 5 b2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 b 5 6 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 If 6 is the length of one side of the square, the area of the square is the square 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 of that, 36. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9. You need to remember the right formula for this one. At least you know that 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 since you can’t grid in negative numbers, the slope must be positive. Here’s 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the rise over run calculation: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 rise y1 2 y2 22 2 1 23 3 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 slope 5 5 5 5 5 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 run x 2 x 21 2 3 24 4 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 531 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10. If you work backward from what you know, this problem contains no 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 difficult steps. If Bo is 15 and Gina is five years younger than he, then Gina 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is 10. And if Gina is 10 and Susan is three times the age of Gina, then Susan 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is 30. And if Susan is 30 and Tom is twelve years older than Susan, then Tom 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 is 42. There’s your answer, 42. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11. This one tries to intimidate you with a new symbol and a complicated 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 definition. By now, this sort of attempted distraction should not even faze 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 you, as you are well aware that everything you need to know about the new 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 symbol is right in front of you. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The phrase greatest prime divisor means the greatest number that is prime and 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 also divides the original number. So the greatest prime divisor of 15 is 5 since 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 no prime numbers greater than 5 evenly divide into 15. As for 12, the greatest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 prime divisor is 3. This means (15*)(12*) 5 (5)(3) 5 15. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12. The graph might look messy, but you only need to pick out the five 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 y-intercepts and add them up. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line 1: at (0, 2) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line 2: at (0, 1) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lines 3 and 4: at (0, 0) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Line 5: at (0, 21) 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Adding up these five y-values gives you: 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 5 2 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 13. The problem says that the numbers are distinct, so none of the four numbers 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 are the same. That’s your first clue. Since the sum of the four numbers is 26, the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 numbers in the sum must be less than 21. Here’s a Rogue’s Gallery List of all 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 the less prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19. To find the greatest 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 possible integer in the set, first make all the other integers as least as possible. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 The set could be 2, 3, 5, x. This would maximize x. Now solve: 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 2 1 31 51 x 5 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 1 x 5 21 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 10 2 10 1 x 5 21 2 10 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 x 5 11, also prime. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 11 must be the answer. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Section 8 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 As you might expect, answers will vary. If possible, politely ask a teacher, 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 fellow student, or some other person knowledgeable about formal essay 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 writing to review your essay and provide feedback on ways in which the 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 essay is commendable and on areas where it could be improved. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 532 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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Scoring Worksheet
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 MATH 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Number Number Raw 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Correct Incorrect 5 Score 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 (.25 3 ) 5 Section 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 5 2 (.25 3 ) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 7 2 (.25 3 ) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 CRITICAL READING 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Sections 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1, 4, and 6 2 (.25 3 ) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 WRITING 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 3 2 (.25 3 ) 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Section 8 Go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge/ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 for instant online scoring and feedback. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Scoring Worksheet
533
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 MATH CRITICAL READING 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Raw Math Scaled Raw Math Scaled Raw Verbal Scaled Raw Verbal Scaled 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 78 800 37 510 60 800 28 500 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 77 800 36 510 59 800 27 490 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 76 800 35 500 58 790 26 490 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 75 790 34 500 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 57 770 25 480 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 74 780 33 490 56 760 24 470 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 73 770 32 490 55 740 23 460 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 72 760 31 480 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 54 720 22 460 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 71 750 30 480 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 53 710 21 450 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 70 740 29 470 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 52 700 20 440 7 69 730 28 460 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 51 690 19 430 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 68 720 27 460 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 50 680 18 420 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 67 710 26 450 7 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 43 610 11 370 60 660 19 410 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 42 600 10 360 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 59 650 18 400 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 41 600 9 350 58 640 17 390 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 57 640 16 380 40 590 8 340 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 56 630 15 380 39 580 7 330 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 55 620 14 370 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 38 570 6 320 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 54 610 13 360 37 560 5 310 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 53 610 12 360 36 560 4 300 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 52 600 11 350 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 35 550 3 280 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 51 600 10 340 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34 540 2 270 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 50 590 9 330 33 540 1 250 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 49 590 8 320 32 530 0 240 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 48 580 7 310 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 31 520 21 220 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 47 570 6 300 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 30 510 22 210 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 46 570 5 290 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 29 510 23 and 200 45 560 4 270 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 below 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 44 550 3 260 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 43 550 2 250 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 42 540 1 240 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 41 540 0 230 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 40 530 21 220 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 39 520 22 210 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 38 520 23 and 200 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 below 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Score Charts
534
Answer Sheets
1
A B D E C O O O O O
6
A B D E C O O O O O
11
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
2
A O
B D E C O O O O
7
A O
B D E C O O O O
12
A O
B D E C O O O O
17
A B D E C O O O O O
3
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
18
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A B D E C O O O O O
9
A B D E C O O O O O
14
A B D E C O O O O O
19
A B D E C O O O O O
5
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
15
A B D E C O O O O O
20
A B D E C O O O O O
1
A B D E C O O O O O
7
A B D E C O O O O O
12
A B D E C O O O O O
17
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SECTION
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A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
18
A B D E C O O O O O
2
3
A O
E O
9
A O
E O
14
A O
E O
19
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
15
A B D E C O O O O O
20
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
11
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
21
A B D E C O O O O O
6
A B D E C O O O O O
1
A B D E C O O O O O
9
A B D E C O O O O O
17
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
2
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
18
A B D E C O O O O O
25
A B D E C O O O O O
SECTION
3
A O
E O
11
A O
E O
19
A O
E O
26
A B D E C O O O O O
3
4
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
28
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14
A B D E C O O O O O
22
A B D E C O O O O O
29
A B D E C O O O O O
7
A O
E O
15
A O
23
A O
E O
30
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
1
A B D E C O O O O O
8
A B D E C O O O O O
15
A B D E C O O O O O
22
A B D E C O O O O O
2
A B D E C O O O O O
9
A B D E C O O O O O
16
A B D E C O O O O O
23
A B D E C O O O O O
3
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
17
A B D E C O O O O O
24
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A O
B D E C O O O O
11
A O
B D E C O O O O
18
A O
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25
A B D E C O O O O O
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A B D E C O O O O O
12
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19
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A B D E C O O O O O
6
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13
A B D E C O O O O O
20
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A B D E C O O O O O
7
A B D E C O O O O O
14
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A B D E C O O O O O
1
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7
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12
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17
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SECTION
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8
A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
18
A B D E C O O O O O
5
3
A O
E O
9
A O
E O
14
A O
E O
19
A B D E C O O O O O
4
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A B D E C O O O O O
15
A B D E C O O O O O
20
A B D E C O O O O O
5
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11
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16
A B D E C O O O O O
21
A B D E C O O O O O
6
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SECTION
1
SECTION
4
B O
B O
B O
B O
C O
C O
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D O
D O
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C O
C O
C O
C O
D O
D O
D O
D O
E O
535
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B O
C O
C O
C O
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D O
D O
D O
D O
Answer Sheets
SECTION
1
A B D E C O O O O O
5
A B D E C O O O O O
6
2
A O
B D E C O O O O
6
A O
B D E C O O O O
3
A B D E C O O O O O
7
4
A B D E C O O O O O
8
9
A B D E C O O O O O
13
A B D E C O O O O O
10
A O
B D E C O O O O
14
A B D E C O O O O O
A B D E C O O O O O
11
A B D E C O O O O O
15
A B D E C O O O O O
A B D E C O O O O O
12
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16
A B D E C O O O O O
SECTION
7
For Questions 1–13: Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored. You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.
1
2
3
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Practice Test
3 Section 1 16 Questions j Time—20 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 outside knowledge to answer the questions—all the material you will need will be in the passage 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 corresponds to the correct answer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 future, but these small cars provide a way 7 Questions 1–4 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 for conservation-conscious consumers to 7 passages. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 do something for the environment. Auto 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The following two passages represent two views 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 makers see another benefit to the (15) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the value of hybrid cars, cars that are powered 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 development process for hybrids. The by gasoline and by electricity depending on 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 technology that has gone into creating whether they are in traffic or on the open road. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and refining the dual-powered hybrid 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 will help with the longer term develop34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Passage 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ment of cars powered by hydrogen fuel (20) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line Advocates of hybrids believe that they cells. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 offer the best short-term solution to some 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 long-term problems. By combining a Passage 2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 regular gasoline-powered engine with an 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Opponents of hybrids believe that auto 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 electric engine, hybrids cut down on gas (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 makers should be focusing on a longer 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 consumption and decrease the pollution 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 term solution. They believe that either caused by gasoline engines. These cars 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hydrogen fuel cells or diesel fuel or both 7 (25) help auto makers meet government 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 are better alternatives than hybrids. The 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 regulations for fuel efficiency and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cost of hybrids is higher than comparably 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 emissions controls. Auto makers do not (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sized gasoline-powered cars, forcing 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 think that hybrids are the answer for the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 consumers who want “green” cars to pay 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 537
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(30) 3. In Passage 2, “green” cars (line 29) anywhere from $2,500 to $4,000 more. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 probably refers to the fact that the Opponents say that the higher sticker 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 price means lower demand and less (A) technology is new and relatively 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 likelihood of automobile companies untested over a long period of time. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 making their development dollars back. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) technology is experimental. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(35) Naysayers point to Europe as an example 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) cars are environmentally friendly. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of lack of demand. Gasoline prices are 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) opponents are jealous because they did 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 much higher there than in the United 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not come up with the technology first. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 States, but no mass movement from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) cars are expensive. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gasoline-powered cars to hybrids has 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(40) occurred. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. In contrast to Passage 1, the writer of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Passage 2 uses 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. According to Passage 1, hybrids are (A) jargon. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 beneficial for all of the following reasons 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) a dismissive attitude toward the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 EXCEPT they 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 arguments of the other side. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) a straightforward, direct style. (A) decrease gas consumption. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) examples to support the argument. (B) provide information for the develop7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) complex sentence structures. ment of hydrogen fuel cells. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) decrease pollution. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) provide an alternative for car buyers Questions 5–16 are based on the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 who want to protect the environment. passages 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) add to the profit margin for auto 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Achilles, the Greek hero, and Cuchulain, the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 makers. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Champion of Ireland, achieved mythical status 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 because of their acts of courage. The following 2. The lack of demand discussed in Passage 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 passages compare the two heroes and their is said to result from 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 heroic feats. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the lack of fuel efficiency of the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hybrids. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Passage 1—Achilles, Defender of Honor 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the higher price of hybrids. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Line When Achilles heard that his friend 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) buyers’ waiting for the alternatives to 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Patroclus had been killed in battle, he 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hybrids to come on the market. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 became so despondent that his friends 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the high price of gas. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 feared he might end his own life. When 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) a general lack of interest in conserv7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 word of his complete and agonizing (5) 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ing gasoline. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 distress reached his mother, Thetis, in the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 depths of the ocean where she resided, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 she raced to his side. She found him in a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 highly distraught state, feeling guilty that 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 he, in some way, might have been (10) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 responsible for his friend’s demise. His 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 only consolation were thoughts of 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 revenge for which he needed the help of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 538 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Passage 2—Cuchulain, Champion of Ireland Hector. However, his mother reminded 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 him that he was without armor, having (15) Line In days of yore, the men of Ulster sought 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 lost his recently in battle. His mother, to choose a champion. They enlisted the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 however, promised him that she would help of Curoi of Kerry, a wise man, to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 procure for him a suit of armor from 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 help them reach their decision. Three 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Vulcan far superior to the one he had 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 brave men, Laegire, Connall Cearnach, (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 lost. Achilles agreed and Thetis immedi(20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and Cuchulain indicated that they wished 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ately repaired to Vulcan’s palace. Thetis 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to be considered. Each was told that he 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 found Vulcan busy at his forge making 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 would have to meet the challenge of a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 magical tripods that moved forward 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 terrible stranger. When the stranger 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 when they were wanted, and retreated 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 arrived, all were in awe of him. “Behold 7 (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 when dismissed. Vulcan immediately (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 my axe,” the stranger said. “My chal7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 honored Thetis’s request for a set of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 lenge is this. Whoever will take the axe 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 armor for her son, and ceasing his own 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 today may cut my head off with it, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 work, hastened to meet her demands. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 provided that I may, in like manner, cut 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Vulcan created a magnificent suit of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 off his head tomorrow. If you have no (15) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 armor for Achilles. The shield was (30) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 champions who dare face me, I will say 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 adorned with elaborate ornaments. The 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 that the men of Ulster have lost their 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 helmet had a gold crest, and the body of courage and should be ashamed.” 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the armor was perfectly suited to his Laegire was the first to accept the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 body and of the very finest workman34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 challenge. The giant laid his head on a (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ship. The armor was completed in one (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 block. With one blow the hero severed it 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 night. When Thetis received it, she 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 from the body. Thereupon the giant 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 descended to earth, and laid it down at 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 arose, took the head and the axe, and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Achilles’ feet at the first dawn of day. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 headless, walked slowly from the hall. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Seeing the armor brought the first 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The following night the giant returned, (25) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 signs of life to Achilles that he had felt (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 sound as ever, to claim the fulfillment of 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 since the death of his friend Patroclus. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Laegires’ promise. However, Laegire did 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The armor was so splendid that Achilles 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 not come forward. The stranger scoffed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 was stunned at the sight of it. Achilles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 at the men of Ulster because their great 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 went into battle with his new armor, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 champion showed no courage. He could 7 (30) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 consumed with rage and thirst for (45) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 not face the blow he should receive in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 vengeance that made him an unbeatable 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 return for the one he gave. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 foe. The bravest warriors fled from him 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The men from Ulster were sorely 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 or were killed by his lance. ashamed, but Conall Cearnach, the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 second aspiring champion, made another 7 (35) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 pact with the stranger. He, too, gave a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 blow which beheaded the giant. But 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 again, when the giant returned whole and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sound on the following evening, the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 champion was not there. (40) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 539 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 taken on the form of the giant to test the 7 Now it was the turn of Cuchulain, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 champions. He was now there to give his 7 who as the others had done, cut off the (85) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 decision. giant’s head at one stroke. The next day 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “Rise up, Cuchulain,” said Curoi. everyone watched Cuchulain to see what 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(45) “There is none among all the heroes of he would do. They would not have been 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Ulster to equal you in courage and surprised if he had not appeared. This 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 loyalty and truth. The Championship is champion, however, was there. He was (90) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 yours.” Thereupon Curoi vanished. The not going to disgrace Ulster. Instead, he 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 assembled warriors gathered around sat with great sadness in his place. “Do 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) Cuchulain, and all with one voice not leave this place till all is over,” he 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 acclaimed him the champion. said to his king. “Death is coming to me 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 soon, but I must honor my promise, for I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 would rather die than break my word.” 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. The word despondent in Passage 1 (line 3) 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 At the end of the day the giant means 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(55) appeared. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) very depressed. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “Where is Cuchulain?” he cried. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) in need of food. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “Here I am,” answered Cuchulain. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) angry. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 “Cuchulain, your speech is morose, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) embarrassed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and the fear of death is obviously 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) belligerent. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(60) foremost in your thoughts, but at least 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 you have honored your promise.” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. Achilles’ feelings of guilt were related to Cuchulain went towards the giant, as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the loss of his armor. he stood with his great axe ready, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the loss of his last battle. knelt to receive the blow. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(65) (C) his estrangement from his mother. The would-be champion of Ulster 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the death of his friend. laid his head on the block. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) his relationship with Vulcan. When the giant did not immediately use 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 his axe, Cuchulain said, “Slay me now 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. In line 21, the word repaired means with haste, for I did not keep you waiting 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(70) last night.” 7 (A) glazed. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The stranger raised his axe so high (B) retired. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 that it crashed upwards through the (C) replenished. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rafters of the hall, like the crash of trees (D) returned. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 falling in a storm. When the axe came (E) untouched. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(75) down with a sound that shook the room, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 all men looked fearfully at Cuchulain. 8. Although not stated directly in the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 But to the surprise of all, the descending passage, it is obvious that Vulcan 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 axe had not even touched him; it had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) blames Achilles for his friend’s death. 7 come down with the blunt side on the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(80) (B) is a lower-level god. ground, and Cuchulain knelt there 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) is extremely powerful. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unharmed. Smiling at him and leaning on 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) loves Thetis. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 his axe, stood no terrible and hideous 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) does not wish to help Achilles. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 stranger, but Curoi of Kerry, who had 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 540 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. Cuchulain appeared as promised to meet 9. Achilles’ feeling as he went into battle can 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the giant because he best be described as 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) was afraid. (A) guilty. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) knew the giant would not kill him. (B) nervous. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) knew the giant was Curoi. (C) confident. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) did not wish to fail his king. (D) depressed. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) gave his word. (E) arrogant. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. In line 58, the word morose most nearly 10. According to Passage 2, when the men of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 means Ulster wished to select a champion they 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 enlisted the help of (A) serious and somber. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) riotous and humorous. (A) Curoi. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) indifferent and detached. (B) the king. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) informed and knowledgeable. (C) Laegire. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) satisfied. (D) Connall. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Cearnach. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. Cuchulain is sometimes called the “Irish 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Achilles,” probably because of his 11. The challenge that the would-be champion 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 had to meet involved 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) honesty. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) bravery. (A) fighting a giant with an axe. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) beheading a giant. (C) strength. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) competing against other men of (D) wisdom. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Ulster. (E) intelligence. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) winning a match with the king. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) fighting Curoi of Kerry. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Questions 17–20 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 passage. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. According to the passage, the giant was 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 This passage is adapted from The Myth of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unusual because he 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Culture by Jo Lynn Southard, J.D., LL.M. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) was so tall. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line Oppression of women is embedded in (B) was so huge. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 most, if not all, societies, its message (C) defeated all his opponents. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 usually couched in terms of the protec(D) remained alive while headless. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion and promotion of traditional (E) had three eyes. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 cultural practices. These practices are (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 13. The word sorely (line 37) means presented as natural and unremarkable, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 inherently beneficial to society by virtue 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) feverishly. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 simply of their connection with the past, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) utterly. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 with tradition. The call to preserve 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) angrily. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 traditional cultural practices can wield (10) (D) bitterly. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 enormous power, and it can be easily (E) pitifully. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 manipulated by those in power. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 541 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 membership in a particular social or In 1963, in the United States, Betty 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 political group. While all women fit into Friedan wrote of what she called the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(15) one or more of those groups, by defini“feminine mystique,” which referred to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tion these human rights abuses cannot be 7 the tradition (at that time pretty much 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 said to be committed against women unexamined—in fact, Friedan called it (60) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 because of their gender, but rather are “the problem that has no name”)—that 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 committed against all people. Human being a wife and mother was a woman’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(20) rights abuses against women as women highest and only calling. It is a message 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (from denial of basic education or the still alive today, one that dies hard and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 right to travel up to, until very recently, severely limits women’s life choices. In (65) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 such heinous abuses as rape and mutilaother cultures the message is much the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tion) are pretty much ignored. In fact, same, sometimes going so far as to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(25) even the Convention on the Elimination harshly limit what a woman can wear in 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of All Forms of Discrimination Against public, where she can travel, whether she 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Women did not mandate the inclusion of can receive an education, whether she (70) 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 women in the process of implementing can work outside the home, and even 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the treaty. Decision-making, even when it 7 whether she is to be allowed to learn to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(30) comes to decisions about ending their read and write. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 own oppression, is simply not viewed as Time and again, in wars and revolu7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 a woman’s “place.” The decisions for tions, women are welcomed into the (75) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ending discrimination under the treaty struggle for freedom from oppression, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 were and are made, in the main, by those 7 only to be forced back into the private 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(35) who created and perpetuated the cultural 7 realm when freedom is attained. In the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 traditions that enabled discrimination midst of a struggle or immediately after a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and abuse to happen in the first place. change in power in a country, women are (80) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The traditions of the culture into told that their particular issues must wait 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 which we are born have great influence while the more pressing, “larger” issues 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(40) over how we live our lives. Traditionally, are addressed. Meanwhile, women are 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 most, if not all, cultures have defined urged to return to the home to fulfill 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 themselves from the point of view of the their traditional roles, one of which is to (85) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 males in power. And it is natural for replenish a population decimated by the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 those who have power—even if they are struggle itself. As a result, women’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(45) kindly and well-meaning in other issues—issues that affect half the 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 ways—to want to keep that power. population—never really become a 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Patriarchy is the general rule in the public 7 priority. (90) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 realm of government and religion, as well 7 International human rights law itself 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as in the private realm of the home. All does far too little to respond to the needs 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) of us receive messages about how we are 7 particular to women. Until very recently, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to fit into our worlds—and, if we are virtually all precepts of international law 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 women, the traditional fit may be in ignored the concept of gender discrimina(95) 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 serious need of alteration. tion. Genocide, persecution, torture, and 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 refugee status are still mostly defined by 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(55) race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, or 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 542 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19. In the context of the passage, the phrase 17. In the context of the passage, which of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 “abuses against women as women” following best explains Friedan’s term, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (line 63) most nearly means “the problem that has no name”? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) sexual abuse. (A) In Friedan’s time, the problems 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) abuse that can happen to both men specific to wives and mothers were 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and women. kept secret. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) domestic abuse. (B) At the time Friedan wrote, problems 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) abuse that, for the most part, specific to women were ridiculed, so 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 happens only to women. women were embarrassed to speak 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) abuse that is not taken seriously by of them. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 men. (C) At the time the phrase was coined, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the problem of the severe limitations 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. Reference to the Convention on the placed on women’s lives was not 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Elimination of All Forms of Discrimina34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 generally recognized. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion Against Women (lines 68–70) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) In Friedan’s time, women’s problems 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 primarily serves to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 were not spoken of for fear that the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 men in power would retaliate. (A) make the writing style of the essay 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (E) In Friedan’s time, women were more 12 more appealing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 satisfied with their lot than they are 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) achieve better overall organization of 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 today and so did not speak out about 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ideas in the essay. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 their problems. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) provide a concrete example to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 support the main point of the essay. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 18. What is the meaning of the phrase 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) cause the essay to seem more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 “embedded in” as it is used in the first 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 scholarly by appealing to authority. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 paragraph? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) end the essay on a more optimistic 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 note. (A) An integral part of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) An acknowledged part of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) A shameful part of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Written into the laws of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Kept a secret from 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 543 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 2 21 Questions j Time—25 Minutes
Reference Information
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 accurately. Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2s r 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2x w r s x 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 c h h h b 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 w 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 s 2 b 3x a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A 5 pr 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 2 2 2 C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. If angle a and obtuse angle b are supple1. 4 3 (7 1 1) 2 6 5 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 mentary angles, which of the following 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 statements is true? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 8 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) a , b (C) 21 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) a . b (D) 23 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) a 5 b (E) 26 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) a 5 180° 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) b 5 90° 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 45
60
30
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TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7. In the figure below, what is the value of a? 7 3. If x 1 3y 5 z, what is the value of y? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 3(z 1 x) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ~xz! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) ~z 2 x! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ~x 2 z! 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 23(z 2 x) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 4. What is the volume, in cubic inches, of a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 15° 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rectangular solid of length 8 inches and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 20° 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 width 6 inches if its height is one half its (C) 30° 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 width? (D) 45° 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 90° 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 120 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 144 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 8. What % of 5 is 90% of 50? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 168 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 192 (A) 2.25 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 576 (B) 9 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 5. What is the wall thickness, in inches, of a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) 90 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tube with an outer diameter of .750 and (E) 900 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 an inner diameter of .625? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 9. For what values of a and b is (a 3 b) , 0? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) .0625 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) .125 (A) a 5 3, b 5 .0001 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) .625 (B) a 5 22, b 5 2.0001 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) .6875 (C) a 5 7, b 5 0 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) .750 (D) a 5 21, b 5 219 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) a 5 22, b 5 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 6. A pair of pants sells for $6 more than 75% 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of its price. What is the price of the pants? 10. How tall is a flag pole that casts a 60-foot 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 shadow if a nearby fence post, four feet 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) $12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 high, casts a 10-foot shadow? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) $18 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) $20 (A) 40 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) $24 (B) 36 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) $36 (C) 30 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 24 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 15 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 545 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11. What is the value of 13. A woman’s coin purse contains 65 cents in 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 coins, all nickels and dimes. How 2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 y z 3 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 many coins are dimes? 9x 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2 11 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 when x 5 21, y 5 1, z 5 2? (B) 2 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) (D) 4 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 14. What percent of two gallons is a quart? 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 21 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 12.5% 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 (B) 25% 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 27 (C) 50% 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 11 (D) 67% 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 75% (E) 21 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1212. 15. In the figure below, AC and BD are In the figure below, if lines l and l are 1 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 chords of a circle that intersect at point E. parallel, and l transects l and l at an 3 1 2 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 acute angle, which of the following AD is the diameter. If the measure of arc 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 statements is FALSE? (P, Q, R, S, T, and AB 5 40° and m∠CED 5 60°, what is 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 U are angles.) the measure of ∠CAD? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Q 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 P l1 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 R S 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E C 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 T U l2 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 l 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) P 5 S 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) P 5 Q 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) T 5 S 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 60° 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) T 5 P 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 45° 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) R 5 Q 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 30° 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 40° 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 15° 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 546 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
S
www.petersons.com
DS D
TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 16. A shopper obtains a 30% discount on the 20. If a 1 b 5 27 and 3c 2 a 5 0, what does 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 price of a chair and pays $420. How c equal? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 much was the original price of the chair? (A) 3a 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) $126 (B) 27 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) $450 (C) 27 2 b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) $577 (D) 9 2 3b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) $600 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 b 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 9 2 (E) $1,400 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 3 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 17. In triangle ABC, m∠C 5 2m∠B, m∠A 5 21. If 0 ≤ a ≤ 3 and 5 ≤ b ≤ 8, what is the least 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6m∠B. What is the measure of ∠C? 16 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 ? possible value of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 b 2a (A) 5° 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 15° 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) 0 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 20° 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (B) 2 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 30° (C) 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 40° (D) 8 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 10 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 a b is defined as ad 2 cb, then 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 If 18. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 c d 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 a b 1 a b 1 2cb 5 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 c d c d 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) ad 2 cb 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) 22cb 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) 0 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (D) 2ad 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) 24cb 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19. If the base of a right triangle is 8=2 and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the hypotenuse is 18, what is the area of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the triangle? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) 14 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) 14=2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) 56=2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) 64 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) 64=2 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 547 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
Section 3 30 Questions j Time—35 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Identifying Sentence Errors 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 correct answer. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Notes: 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 word usage, word choice, and idioms. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 than one error. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E). 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. She poured over the travel brochure as if 3. Being a real estate agent it requires passing 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A B A B C D 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 she had never seen photographs of a licensing examination. No error 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 snowcapped mountains before. No error 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. These oranges taste more sweetly than any D E 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A B 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. At the heart of the New England town others I’ve ever tried. No error 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 A C D E 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was the common, a public pasture for the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. In applying for the loan, one is required B C 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 citizen’s sheep and cattle. No error A B 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 to supply copies of your federal income 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 D E 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 C D 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 tax return. No error 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 E 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 548
TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 6. Coming from the rain forests, we 9. Everybody in the choir except for Meryl 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A A B 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 never dreamed that the desert could be and I had sung the hymn previously. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B C C D 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 so beautiful . No error No error 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D E E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7. On the following day, the blizzard grew 10. She wrote that they had visited Chartres 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A B A 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 even worst, surpassing all previous and saw the cathedral there. No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 C D B C D E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 records. No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 8. All but seven passengers, three crewmen, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and a small dog was lost when the ship 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 B C 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sank . No error 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 D E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 549 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Improving Sentences 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choice, sentence construction, and punctuation. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. If you 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Answer choices (B), (C), (D), and (E) contain alternative phrasings of the underlined 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A). 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. The money had been split equally between 11. Noticing how close the other car was to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 him, his hands began to shake and he the four gang members. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 broke out in a sweat. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) had been split equally between the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 four gang members (A) Noticing how close the other car was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) was split equally between the four to him, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gang members (B) Noticing how closely the other car 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) had been split into equal shares was following him, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 between the four gang members (C) When he noticed how close the other 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) had been split equally among the car was to him, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 four gang members (D) After noticing how close the other 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) had been split equal by the four gang car was to him, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 members (E) He noticed how close the other car 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 was near to him, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 13. Hardcover books usually last longer than 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paperbacks; of course, paperbacks usually 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 are less expensive to purchase. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) than paperbacks; of course, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) then paperbacks of course, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) then paperbacks. Of course, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) than paperbacks, of course, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) than paperbacks, of course 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 550 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. In the six months since the truce was 18. Neither one of the twins has been inocu34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 declared, several minor skirmishes lated against polio. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 occurring along the border. (A) Neither one of the twins has been 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Neither one nor the other of the (A) several minor skirmishes occurring 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 twins has been along the border 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Neither one or the other twin has (B) several minor skirmishes breaking 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 been out along the border 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) Neither one of the twins have been (C) there have been several minor 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Neither one of the twins been skirmishes along the border. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) along the border there has been 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 19. Not only reading in poor light but she several minor skirmishes 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 warned that sitting too close to the (E) the several skirmishes along the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 television can strain the eyes. border have been minor 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) Not only reading in poor light but 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. I have a fever of 101°, so I have lain in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 she warned that sitting 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 bed all day. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) Not only reading in poor light she 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 warned, but sitting (A) so I have lain 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (C) She warned that not only reading in 7 (B) so I laid 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 poor light but also sitting (C) but I lay 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) In addition to reading in poor light, (D) so I have laid 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 she warned that sitting (E) but I lied 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) Not only reading in poor light, but 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 16. The desire for public acclaim and recogni34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 she also warned that sitting 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion is universal, yet it is rarely achieved. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 20. If I would have realized how much the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) yet it is rarely achieved 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 music disturbed her, I would have turned 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) yet its rarely achieved 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the volume down. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) yet it is rarely satisfied 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) however it is rarely achieved (A) If I would have realized how much 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) yet it is achieved rarely (B) If I realize how much 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) Had I realized how much 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 17. The computer has the capability for (D) When I realized how much 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 processing all the relevant data within a 12 (E) If I would have realized to what 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 half hour. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 extent 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) has the capability for processing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) has the capacity for processing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) has the capability in processing 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) can process 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) processes 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 551 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
➠
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12Improving Paragraphs 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Directions: 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 errors. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentence’s word choice, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 word usage, or overall structure. Other questions will ask about the paragraph itself. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 paragraph writing. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(1) 21. Which of the following is the best way to Advocates of a student dress code maintain 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12that combine sentences (2) and (3)? proper attire and proper behavior are 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12interrelated. (2) If a student dresses correctly, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) If you dress well, you will behave 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12they will also behave correctly. (3) At least, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 well, at least so they say. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12that’s what is claimed. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) They claim that if a student dresses 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (4) I do not believe that this is a valid 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 correctly, they will also behave 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12assumption. (5) I know many young people 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 correctly. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12who come to class in a very informal fashion. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) They claim that students who dress 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(6) They wear sweat suits or cut-off jeans. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 well also behave well. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(7) Sometimes they dress so sloppily that 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) As claimed by them, correct dress 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122teachers or their peers make remarks to them. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 and correct behavior go hand-in34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1(8) And yet their grades are quite acceptable, or 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 hand. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1often even more than acceptable. (9) I feel that 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) At least they claim that to dress 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12as long as a person performs well academically, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 correctly means you will behave 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122the way they dress should be of no concern to 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 correctly. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12others. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (10) I suppose that one day psychologists 22. Which of the following best describes the 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122will conduct studies to test whether or not chief purpose of sentence (4)? 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122attire affects behavior. (11) If these studies 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12prove (A) To change the opinion of the reader that poor attire results in poor behavior, 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122then (B) To prepare the reader for a second school administrators will be justified in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12trying point of view to establish and enforce a dress code. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(12) (C) To offer an illustration or example But until that day comes, dress the way 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122you (D) To provide a partial summary feel most comfortable. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) To help the reader evaluate para1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 graph one 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 552 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 23. Which of the following is the best way to Questions 26–30 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 combine sentences (5) and (6)? passage. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) I know many people who come to 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (1) Many early fans of jazz musician Miles 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 class dressed very informally in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Davis became aggravated and upset as they 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sweats or cut-off jeans. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 watched their hero change through the years. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) I know many students who dress 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (2) The change involved not only the type of informally, they even wear sweat 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 music he played but the way he behaved suits or cut-off jeans. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 on-stage. (C) Many students I know come to class in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (3) Miles Dewey Davis was born May 25, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 sweats or jeans, this is informal dress. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1926, in Alton, Illinois. (4) He grew up in East 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (D) Students come to class dressed in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 St. Louis. (5) He was given his first trumpet at 7 sweats or other ways. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the age of 13, and, in 1945, enrolled in the (E) If there are students who come to 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 class dressed informally, wearing Juilliard School of Music. (6) Once in New 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 sweat suits or cut-off jeans. York, Miles, in his own words, “followed [jazz 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 great Charlie Parker] around down to 52nd 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 24. Which of the following best describes the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Street,” every night. (7) New York night life 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 purpose of paragraph two? was interesting to the young jazz musician. (8) 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 He’d write down Parker’s chords and the next 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (A) To provide a transition 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 day play them in the practice rooms at Juilliard, 7 (B) To continue the philosophy of the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 instead of going to classes. first paragraph 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (9) Miles gradually, however, completely (C) To summarize the material previ34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 and finally broke away from the hard, aggresously offered 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) To present material opposing that sive temperament of the former bebop tradi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 already presented 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 tion. (10) He moved to a more subtle, cool, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) To offer two diametrically opposing sometimes even gentle, kind of jazz, character- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 opinions ized by his Birth of the Cool album in 1949–50. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (11) Later works, such as “Stella by Starlight,” 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25. Which of the following is the best revision “Round About Midnight,” his Kind of Blue 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the underlined portion of sentence (9) 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 album in 1959, and his Sketches of Spain 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 below? 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 album in 1960, continued to reveal a more 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 gentle, open, and melodic musical style. I feel that as long as a person performs 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (12) In his early days, Miles’s behavior was 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 well academically, the way they dress 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 reserved. (13) He avoided interviews where he 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 should be of no concern to others. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 could and did not even respond to applause, 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) how they dress should be of no remaining off stage unless he was playing. (14) 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 concern to others. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 By the late 1970s, however, when he had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the way they dress should not 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 attained what some have termed a cult 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 concern others. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 following of younger fans, he became more 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) their dress should be of no concern 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 unguarded in manner, smiling and shaking 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to others. hands with fans nearest the stage, waving to the 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (D) what they wear or how they dress 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 audience, and giving generous, genial inter34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 should be their own concern. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 views. (15) Even the way he behaved in public 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) the way he dresses should be of no 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 changed over the years. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 concern to others. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 553 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1226. 29. Which of the following sentences, if Logically, the final sentence should be 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 added, would most logically conclude the placed before 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 final paragraph? (A) sentence 8. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Even though Miles’s music departed (B) sentence 9. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from its traditions, bebop continued (C) sentence 10. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to be a driving force in jazz and (D) sentence 11. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 remains so to this day. (E) sentence 12. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Charlie Parker’s influence on Miles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1227. To improve unity, which of the following Davis is emphasized in most of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sentences would be the best one to delete biographies Miles’s life has inspired. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the second paragraph? (C) It was Miles’s father who bought 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 him his first trumpet and who (A) Sentence 3 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 enabled him to attend Juilliard. (B) Sentence 4 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) In spite of the changes that upset (C) Sentence 5 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 many of his early fans, Miles (D) Sentence 6 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 remained a formidable creative force 7 (E) Sentence 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 in jazz throughout his career. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 (E) Moving from East St. Louis to New 1228. Which of the following is the best revision 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 York City must have been a shock to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of Sentence 9? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the young Miles. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) As it is now 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Gradually, however, Miles broke 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 30. In the context of the passage, which of the 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 away from the hard, aggressive 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 following is the best way to combine 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 temperament of the bebop tradition. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sentences 3 and 4? 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Miles gradually broke away and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) Miles Dewey Davis was born May distanced himself from the hard, 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 25, 1926 and, being born in Alton, aggressive temperament of the bebop 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Illinois, grew up in East St. Louis. tradition. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) Miles Dewey Davis grew up in East 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) The hard, aggressive temperament of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 St. Louis and was born May 25, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the bebop tradition, however, Miles 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1926 in Alton, Illinois. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 gradually broke away from. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) Growing up in East St. Louis, Miles 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) The hard, aggressive temperament of 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Dewey Davis was born May 25, 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the bebop tradition, however, was 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1926 in Alton, Illinois. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 finally broken away from by Miles. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) Born May 25, 1926 in Alton, Illinois, 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Miles Dewey Davis grew up in East 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 St. Louis. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) Miles Dewey Davis: Born May 25, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1926 in Alton, Illinois; grew up in 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 East St. Louis. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Do not proceed to the next section until time is up. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 554 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
STOP
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Section 4 27 Questions j Time—25 Minutes 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 choices, labeled (A) through (E). These choices represent words or phrases that have been left 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the sentence as a whole. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Example: 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Canine massage is a veterinary technique 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 for calming dogs that are extremely __________. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) inept 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) disciplined 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) controlled 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) stressed 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) restrained 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 A O B O C Þ O E 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 O Þ Þ Þ Þ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 2. The mayor remained __________ in her 1. Her clear __________ of the situation kept 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 commitment to __________ the rise of the meeting from breaking up into 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 unemployment among her constituents. __________. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) firm. .uphold (A) grasp. .chaos 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) wavering. .identify (B) vision. .anarchy 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) steadfast. .stem (C) knowledge. .uproar 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) uncertain. .staunch (D) control. .harmony 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) alone. .approach (E) idea. .laughter 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 555
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7. The editorial accused the mayor of 3. A __________ old stone farmhouse, it had 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ for making promises he knew 7 been a landmark since before the Civil War. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 he could not __________. (A) corrupt 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) hypocrisy. .fulfill (B) sturdy 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) revulsion. .condone (C) rickety 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) impunity. .reprise (D) ramshackle 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) liability. .improve (E) vital 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) petulance. .verify 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 4. Because she thought her hateful cousin’s 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 8. She was __________ as a child, accepting behavior was __________, it __________ 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 without question everything she was told. her to hear the adults praise him. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) obstreperous (A) intangible. .thrilled 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) recalcitrant (B) putative. .baffled 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) credulous (C) laconic. .encouraged 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) truculent (D) insipid. .demeaned 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) tearful (E) obnoxious. .galled 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 9. James Lovelock has posited the theory of 5. A public official must be __________ in all 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 Gaia, which says that the earth is a single his or her actions to avoid even the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 living organism—independent and ______. 7 appearance of impropriety. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) ambivalent (A) redolent 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) self-regulating (B) unctuous 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) indolent (C) baleful 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) static (D) circumspect 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) annihilative (E) propitious 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 10. With the computer program Windows, 6. So many people turned out for the 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 you can check for errors on your hard meeting that there were not enough seats 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 disk, as well as remove unnecessary files, to __________ them all. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 thus __________ the performance of your (A) count 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 computer. (B) ascertain 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) embodying (C) accommodate 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) adorning (D) delineate 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) impeding (E) delegate 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) optimizing 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) depreciating 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 556 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
www.petersons.com
TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 15. Because Mandisa’s job was so 11. My cousin Abebi is a/an __________ 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 __________, she had a/an __________ of person—sociable, talkative, and a friend 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 funds and was able to buy a boat and sail 7 to all. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 away to Greece. (A) obnoxious 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) lucrative. .superfluity (B) unpalatable 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) arduous. .penury (C) gregarious 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) remunerative. .audacity (D) parsimonious 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) powerful. .mendicancy (E) reticent 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) immodest. .surfeit 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12. At the movies, I could forget myself and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the way life really was, settle down in the Questions 16–27 are based on the following 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 plush theater seat with my popcorn, and passage 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 __________ myself in the __________ on 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Alexander Wilson was a poet and a naturalist. 7 the screen. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Born in Scotland in 1766, he emigrated to 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) emerge. .deception 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Pennsylvania in 1794 and soon became a full- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) recuse. .fantasy time naturalist. This excerpt on hummingbird 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) importune. .emanation nests is from a nine-volume work titled Ameri- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) divulge. .exudation can Ornithology, published in 1808–1814. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) immerse. .illusion 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 Line About the twenty-fifth of April the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 Hummingbird usually arrives in Pennsyl- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 13. In the fall, the chilly wind circles up under 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 vania; and about the tenth of May begins 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the eaves of the house, carrying the first 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 to build its nest. This is generally fixed __________ of winter. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 on the upper side of a horizontal branch, 7 (5) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) premonition 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 not among the twigs, but on the body of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) spectacle 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the branch itself. Yet I have known 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) meandering 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 instances where it was attached by the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) sighting 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 side to an old moss-grown trunk; and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) sensation 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 others where it was fastened on a strong 7 (10) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 rank stalk, or weed, in the garden; but 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 14. When it became obvious that Ben had these cases are rare. In the woods it very 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 __________ money from the petty cash often chooses a white oak sapling to 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 fund, he was fired. 12 build on; and in the orchard, or garden, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) opportuned selects a pear tree for that purpose. The (15) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (B) pilfered branch is seldom more than ten feet from 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) discounted the ground. The nest is about an inch in 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) required diameter, and as much in depth. A very 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) desired complete one is now lying before me, and 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the materials of which it is composed are 7 (20) 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 as follows:—The outward coat is formed 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 of small pieces of bluish grey lichen that 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 vegetates on old trees and fences, thickly 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 glued on with the saliva of the bird, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 557 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(25) 17. According to the author, all of the giving firmness and consistency to the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 following are places where one could find whole, as well as keeping out moisture. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 a hummingbird EXCEPT Within this are thick matted layers of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 fine wings of certain flying seeds, closely (A) on the upper side of a branch. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 laid together; and lastly, the downy 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) on a moss grown trunk. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(30) substance from the great mullein, and 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) on a white oak sapling. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 from the stalks of the common fern, lines 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) on a pear tree. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 the whole. The base of the nest is 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) in the meadow. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 continued round the stem of the branch, 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 to which it closely adheres; and, when 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 18. Why does Wilson mention the “old moss- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(35) viewed from below, appears a mere 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 grown trunk” and “strong rank stalk” 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 mossy knot or accidental protuberance. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (lines 9 and 11)? 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 The eggs are two, pure white, and of 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) To compare relative sizes of birds 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 equal thickness at both ends. . . . On a 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) To establish the birds’ eating patterns 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 person’s approaching their nest, the little 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) To illustrate nontypical nesting 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(40) proprietors dart around with a humming 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 behaviors 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 sound, passing frequently within a few 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) To delineate plant life in Pennsylvania 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 inches of one’s head; and should the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) To complete a list of related flora 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 young be newly hatched, the female will 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 resume her place on the nest even while 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12(45) 19. When Wilson remarks that the birds’ nests 7 you stand within a yard or two of the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 resemble an ”accidental protuberance“ spot. The precise period of incubation I 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (line 36), he implies that am unable to give; but the young are in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) the nests are messily constructed. the habit, a short time before they leave 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) nests may be destroyed accidently. the nest, of thrusting their bills into the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12(50) (C) the nests are usually invisible. mouths of their parents, and sucking 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) the nests are designed to blend into what they have brought them. I never 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 their surroundings. could perceive that they carried them any 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) most nests resemble the beak of the animal food; tho, from circumstances 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 bird itself. that will presently be mentioned, I think 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 122(55) it highly probable they do. As I have 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 20. The phrase “little proprietors” (lines found their nest with eggs so late as the 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 39–40) refers to 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 twelfth of July, I do not doubt but that 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 they frequently, and perhaps usually, (A) children in the orchard. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 raise two broods in the same season. (B) eggs. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) naturalists. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1216. (D) shopowners. In line 4, the word “fixed” most nearly means 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) nesting pairs of hummingbirds. 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) changed. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) improved. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) found. 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (D) understood. 7 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) undermined. 7 12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 558 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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TEST 3 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 25. Which of the following can be inferred 21. When Wilson remarks that he “never 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 about the hummingbirds’ habits? could perceive” hummingbirds feeding 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 their nestlings animal food (lines 51–53), (A) They flourish only in Pennsylvania. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 he is suggesting (B) Their broods each consist of a single 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 egg. (A) that his eyesight is failing. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) They migrate in the spring. (B) his limitations as an observer. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) They always raise two broods in a (C) that animal food may, in fact, be eaten. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 season. (D) that no animal food is eaten. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 (E) They spend the winter in Pennsylvania. 7 (E) that hummingbirds eat only at night. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 26. The main purpose of this passage is to 22. The fact that Wilson has found nests with 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 describe eggs “so late as the twelfth of July” 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 indicates that (A) the nesting behavior of the humming- 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 bird. (A) birds do not lay eggs before June. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (B) the mating behavior of the humming(B) most eggs are found earlier than July 12. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 bird. (C) the eggs are not likely to hatch. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) the relative size of the hummingbird. (D) the birds began nesting late in the 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) hummingbirds in Pennsylvania. season. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (E) young hummingbird fledglings. (E) some birds abandon their nests. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 27. If Wilson were to study crows, he would 23. The hummingbirds’ nest is composed of 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 be likely to all of the following EXCEPT 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (A) stuff and mount them. (A) moss. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) observe them in the wild. (B) lichen. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (C) read all about them. (C) the wings of flying seeds. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) mate them in a laboratory. (D) a downy substance from fern stalks. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (E) dissect them. (E) hummingbird saliva. 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 24. How does Wilson reconstruct the makeup 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 of the nest? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (A) By taking apart a nest that hangs in 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 the orchard 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (B) By watching a hummingbird build a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 nest in the stable 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 7 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 (C) By reading a report by John Audubon 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 (D) By inspecting a nest that lies on his desk 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7 12 345678901234567
