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! QUARTER MILE NORTH OF THE CAMPGROUND HALF A MILE BACK FROM THE RIVER 0HANTOM 2ANCH IS THE ONLY ACCOMMODATION OPTION OTHER THAN CAMPING WITHINTHECANYON#LUSTEREDAROUNDACENTRALLODGE ITSVARIOUSCABINS CORRALS AND OUTBUILDINGS STAND AMID HUGE COTTONWOODS AND FRUIT ORCHARDS PLANTED HEREINTHEEARLYTWENTIETHCENTURYTOSHADEAGROUPOFTENTSKNOWNAS2USTS #AMP2ENAMED2OOSEVELTS#AMPAFTERAVISITBY4EDDY2OOSEVELTIN THESITEWASINTURNREPLACEDBY0HANTOM2ANCHIN$ESIGNEDBY-ARY *ANE#OLTERSEEBOX P ASSOMETHINGOFADUDERANCHFORTHE&RED(ARVEY #OMPANY THE LODGE INCORPORATES UNCUT RIVER STONE AND NATURAL TIMBERS TO BLENDINWITHTHESURROUNDINGS#OLTERADDEDMOREBUILDINGSOVERTHESUCCEED INGYEARSUNTILTHECOMPLEXREACHEDITSPRESENTSIZE &IRST PICK OF 0HANTOMS FULLY EQUIPPED PRIVATE CABINS  GOES TO RIDERS ON&RED(ARVEYMULETRIPSSEEPFORFULLDETAILS INCLUDINGPRICES 7HEN DEMANDEASES PARTICULARLYINWINTER THEYREOFTENAVAILABLETOHIKERS ASWELLAS RAFTERSSTAYINGHEREBEFOREORAFTERARIVERTRIP9OUCANALSOGETABEDINONEOF FOURTEN BUNK SINGLE SEXDORMITORIES nTWOFORMENANDTWOFORWOMEN nWHICHINCLUDEBEDDING SHOWERS TOWELS ANDSOAP 2ESERVATIONS AS FOR 3OUTH 2IM AND .ORTH 2IM LODGES ARE HANDLED BY 8ANTERRA 0ARKS  2ESORTS 0/ "OX  'RAND #ANYON !:    OR    WWWGRANDCANYONLODGESCOM /NCE AGAIN YOUMUSTNOTHIKEDOWNWITHOUTARESERVATIONEVENIFYOUDOHAVEONE ITS ESSENTIAL TO RECONlRM BETWEEN ONE AND THREE DAYS IN ADVANCE OF YOUR STAY EITHERINPERSONATTHE"RIGHT!NGEL,ODGETRANSPORTATIONDESKORBYCALLING    !SARULE 0HANTOM2ANCHBOOKSUPWELLINADVANCE BUTIFYOURESPENDINGA FEWDAYSATTHECANYON ITSWORTHINQUIRINGABOUTCANCELLATIONSFORDORMBEDS AND CONCEIVABLY CABINS4HESEAREHANDEDOUTlRST COME lRST SERVEDAT"RIGHT !NGEL,ODGEEARLYEACHMORNING4HENIGHTBEFORE CHECKWHATTIMETHEDESK WILLOPENnITCANBEASEARLYASAM 0HANTOMS MAIN LODGE BUILDING SERVES AS A DINING ROOM BAR AND STORE -EALS ARE SERVED COMMUNALLY AT LONG TABLES AND AT SET TIMES4HESE MUST BE RESERVEDINADVANCE IDEALLYATTHETIMEYOUBOOKYOURACCOMMODATIONTHEYRE ALSOAVAILABLETOCAMPERS!LLSUPPLIESGETHERETHESAMEWAYYOUDO SOFOOD ISEXPENSIVE4HEPRICEFORDINNERDEPENDSONYOURMAINCOURSEANDINCLUDES VEGETABLES SALAD DESSERT ANDCOFFEEFORn4HEPMSITTINGOFFERSEITHERA OZSTEAKFORJUSTOVERORAVEGETARIANALTERNATIVEWITHLENTILLOAFFORJUST OVER  BEEF STEW IS SERVED AT PM AGAIN FOR JUST OVER  "REAKFAST SERVEDINTWO SEPARATE SITTINGS WELL BEFORE DAWN INCLUDESEGGS PANCAKES AND BACONFORABOUT ANDYOUCANPICKUPASACKLUNCHTOGOFORABOUT .OTETHATTHELODGECLOSESBETWEENBREAKFASTSITTINGS SOIFYOUVEORDEREDASACK LUNCH ARRANGEAPICKUPTIMEINADVANCE /UTSIDEMEALTIMES THECOUNTERINTHELODGESELLSSIMPLESNACKS LIKETRAILMIX ANDCOOKIESDRINKS INCLUDINGBEERANDWINElRST AIDSUPPLIESSUCHASBANDAGES ANDSUNBLOCKANDSUCHACCESSORIESASCAMERAlLM BATTERIES mASHLIGHTS ANDHATS DAILY!PRILn/CTAMnPMnPM .OVn-ARCHAMnPMnPM  "ESURETOASKABOUTTHEDAILYPROGRAMOFCANYON THEMEDRANGERTALKS MOSTLY HELDONTHEGROUNDS9OULLALSOlNDANOUTDOORPAYPHONE FORCREDITCARDAND CALLINGCARDCALLSONLY



&INALLY YOUCANARRANGETOHAVESOMEUNFORTUNATEMULETOTEALARGEBAGINOR OUTOFTHECANYONFORYOUnTHOUGHYOULLSTILLHAVETOCARRYYOUROWNFOODAND WATER3O CALLEDDUFFELSERVICECOSTSEACHWAY

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0UIFS
4PVUI
3JN
USBJMT 

7HILE THE TWO CORRIDOR ROUTES THE "RIGHT!NGEL AND THE 3OUTH +AIBAB ARE ALWAYSTHEBUSIEST3OUTH2IMTRAILS PLENTYOFAPPEALINGALTERNATIVESEXIST EVEN FORlRST TIMEHIKERS,ISTEDINORDERFROMEASTTOWEST THEFOLLOWINGTRAILSARE UNMAINTAINED WHICH MEANS THEY CAN BE HARD TO FOLLOW AND MAY BE BLOCKED ALTOGETHERBYROCKFALLS4HEYREINARGUABLYMOREDEMANDING ESPECIALLYONSWEL TERING SUMMER DAYS WHICH IS UNFORTUNATELY WHEN YOULL MOST LIKELY WANT TO ESCAPETHECROWDSTHATTHRONGTHEBUSIERTRAILS$ONTBETOODETERRED HOWEVER 4HESE TRAILS DO SEE REGULAR TRAFlC PARTICULARLY FROM DAY HIKERS IN THEIR UPPER REACHES SO YOURE UNLIKELY TO RUN INTO TROUBLE4HE TWO MOST OBVIOUS DAY HIKESAREASFARAS3ANTA-ARIA3PRINGALONGTHE(ERMIT4RAILANDDOWNTO (ORSESHOE-ESAONTHE'RANDVIEW4RAIL


5BOOFS
5SBJM %ASTERNMOSTOFTHE3OUTH2IMSINNERCANYONTRAILS THE4ANNER4RAILFOLLOWS AFORMER(OPIROUTETHATWASIMPROVEDBYPROSPECTOR3ETH4ANNERSEEP IN THE S TO BETTER ACCESS HIS COPPER MINING CLAIMS &ORTUNE SEEKERS IN SEARCHOF*OHN$,EESSUPPOSEDHIDDEN GOLDMINESALSOPASSEDTHISWAY ANDITS 4RAILHEAD
-JQBO
1PJOU
GU

SAID THAT RUSTLERS AND BANDITS COMBINED 7ATER
/POF ITWITHTHE.ANKOWEAP4RAILONTHEFAR $AYªHIKEªTOª3EVENTY &IVE -ILEª SIDETOMAKETHESELF EXPLANATORY(ORSE 3ADDLEª GU

THIEF 4RAIL 4ODAY AS AN UNMAINTAINED $IFlCULTY
4USFOVPVT PARK TRAIL ITS IN PRETTY POOR CONDITION $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ AND ENTAILS A STEEP HAUL7ITH NO WATER %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS AND PRECIOUS LITTLE SHADE EN ROUTE ITS $AYªHIKEªTOªTHEª2EDWALLª GU

USED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY BY HARDENED $IFlCULTY
7FSZ
TUSFOVPVT CANYONBACKPACKERS $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ &ROM THE TRAILHEAD AT ,IPAN 0OINT %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS SEE P THE PATH SWIFTLY DESCENDS #OLORADOª2IVER
GU

THE EASTERN mANK OF THE PROMONTORY $IFlCULTY
7FSZ
TUSFOVPVT .UMEROUS ROCKFALLS MAKE IT EASY TO $ISTANCE

NJMFT
POFXBZ LOSE YOUR WAY HERE AND EVEN AT ITS %STIMATEDª TIME
oIS
EFTDFOU
CLEAREST THE PATH IS VERY UNEVEN BUT oIS
BTDFOU THEREARENODANGEROUSDROP OFFSINTHIS lRST STRETCH )TS ACTUALLY EASIER GOING UP THAN COMING DOWN OR AT LEAST IT WOULD BE WERE IT NOT FOR THE EXTREME FATIGUE /NCETHETERRAINSTARTSTOLEVELOUT AFTERANHOUROFSTIFFSWITCHBACKS BESURE TOKEEPTOTHEWESTLEFT SIDEOF4ANNER#REEK RATHERTHANFOLLOW LETALONECROSS THESTREAMBED!ROUGHTRAVERSESOONLEADSTOTHE3EVENTY &IVE -ILE3ADDLE NAMED FOR NEARBY 3EVENTY &IVE -ILE #REEK WHICH MEETS THE #OLORADO JUST PASTRIVERMILE 7HILETHETRAILPROPERDOESNTLEADALONGTHEREDSANDSTONENECKTHATSTRETCHES OUTTOWARDFT%SCALANTE"UTTE THECRUMBLING ERODEDSPURTHATDOESISA MUSTFORDAYHIKERSANDTHEIDEALTURNAROUNDPOINTONAHALF DAYTREK3TROLLOUT

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0UIFS
4PVUI
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USBJMT ©5!©ROCKY©STRETCH©OF©THE©4ANNER©4RAIL

AFEWHUNDREDYARDSTOENJOYSUPERBVIEWSWEST FROMTHETOWERINGRUDDYWALLS THATFRAME3EVENTY &IVE -ILE#REEKTOTHE'RANITE'ORGEOFTHE#OLORADO4O THEEAST YOUSHOULDBEABLETOSEETHERIM SIDE7ATCHTOWERAT$ESERT6IEWAND EVENHEARTHEGLEEFULCRIESOFTOURGROUPS 4HE4ANNER4RAILCONTINUESEAST!SIDEFROMANINITIALDROP THERESLITTLEELEVA TIONCHANGEFORTHENEXTMILES ASITSKIRTSTHEBASESOFlRST%SCALANTE"UTTE ANDTHEN#ARDENAS"UTTEFT nTHELATTERNAMEDFOR$ON'ARCÓA,ØPEZ DE#ÉRDENAS THEWOULD BECONQUISTADORCREDITEDWITHlRSTSETTINGEYESONTHE CANYONSEEP 'RASSYDEPRESSIONSBESIDEBOTHBUTTESMAKEIDEALCAMPSITES



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0UIFS
4PVUI
3JN
USBJMT 

FORBACKPACKERSONTHELONGCLIMBOUTOFTHECANYON(ARDYDAYHIKERSPRESSON ASFARTHETOPOFTHE2EDWALL JUSTBEYOND#ARDENAS"UTTE7HILETHESEVEN MILE ROUND TRIPMAKESABRUTALTREKINTHEHEATOFSUMMER YOULLBEREWARDEDWITH MAGNIlCENTVIEWSDOWNTOWHERETHERIVERMAKESITSCRUCIALWESTWARDBENDAT 4ANNER2APID &ORONWARDHIKERS THEMOSTDIFlCULTSTRETCHLIESAHEAD ASTHETRAILPLUMMETS DOWNACRACKINTHECRUMBLING2EDWALLLIMESTONE4HERIVERISFOURMILESDOWN AND THE GRADIENT BARELY RELENTS!T THE BOTTOM SANDY DUNE FRINGED 4ANNER "EACHISAPOPULARCAMPSITEFORBOTHHIKERSANDRAFTERS)TALSOMARKSTHESTART OFATWENTY MILEROUND TRIPHIKETOTHENORTHALONGTHE"EAMER4RAIL WHICH RUNS PARALLEL TO THE #OLORADO AND LEADS TO THE MOUTH OF THE ,ITTLE #OLORADO 2IVER


/FX
)BODF
5SBJM 4HEMOSTDEMANDINGOFALL3OUTH2IMTRAILS THE.EW(ANCE4RAILWASNAMED FORONEOFTHE CANYONS GREAT CHARACTERS #APTAIN *OHN (ANCE WHOLOOKED THEVERYPICTUREOFTHEECCENTRICWHITE BEARDEDPROSPECTORANDSPENTHISOLDAGE 4RAILHEAD
/FBS
.PSBO
1PJOU
AS A TREASURED &RED (ARVEY EMPLOYEE GU

SPINNING TALL TALES OF HIS ADVENTURES FOR 7ATER
4FBTPOBM
TUSFBNT
BGUFS

ANYTOURISTSWHOWOULDLISTEN)N NJMFT
USFBU
CFGPSF
VTF

HECREATEDTHE/LD(ANCE4RAILTOACCESS $AYªHIKEªTOª#ORONADOª"UTTEª HISASBESTOSMINEACROSSTHERIVERBUILD 3ADDLEª GU

ING A CABIN AT THE TRAILHEAD HE BECAME $IFlCULTY
4USFOVPVT THE CANYONS lRST WHITE RESIDENT (E $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ WENT ON TO GUIDE PIONEER SIGHTSEERS %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS DOWNHISTRAIL THOUGHBYTHETURNOFTHE $AYªHIKEªTOªTHEª2EDWALLª GU

CENTURY IT HAD ERODED AND COLLAPSED SO $IFlCULTY
7FSZ
TUSFOVPVT COMPLETELYTHATNOTATRACEREMAINS $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ "YALLACCOUNTS THEOLDTRAILWASEXCEP %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS TIONALLY STEEP AND DANGEROUS (ANCES #OLORADOª2IVER
GU

REPLACEMENT ORIGINALLY KNOWN AS THE $IFlCULTY
7FSZ
TUSFOVPVT 2ED #ANYON4RAIL BUT NOW NAMED FOR $ISTANCE

NJMFT
POFXBZ ITS CREATOR REMAINS EXTREMELY DIFlCULT %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS
EFTDFOU
3OMEOFITSSWITCHBACKSHAVECRUMBLED oIS
BTDFOU AWAY AND YOU OFTEN HAVE TO SCRAMBLE OVER MINOR ROCKFALLS )TS NOT A HIKE TO UNDERTAKE LIGHTLY AND IF YOURE USING IT AS PART OF A LONGER ITINERARY n SAY AN EXPEDITIONALONGTHE4ONTO4RAILnSAVEITFORYOURASCENT 0ARKING IS PROHIBITED AT THE UNMARKED .EW (ANCE TRAILHEAD WHICH SITS A QUARTER MILE OFF THE HIGHWAY ALONG A DISUSED ROAD ,EAVE YOUR VEHICLE EITHER AT -ORAN 0OINT AND WALK THE  MILES SOUTHWEST FROM THERE OR AT THE"UGGELN0ICNIC!REA ANOTHERMILESOUTHWEST!SWITHTHE4ANNER4RAIL THEROUTECONSISTSOFTWODISTINCTSETSOFlERCESWITCHBACKSnONEDOWNTO THE SADDLE BELOW #ORONADO "UTTE THE OTHER TWO MILES FARTHER WHERE IT DROPS OFF THE 2EDWALL4HIS TIME THOUGH THE STRETCH BETWEEN THE TWO IS EQUALLY DEMANDING SO EVEN A DAY HIKE TO THE BRINK OF THE 2EDWALL IS FAR FROM EASY4HE lNAL COUPLE OF MILES TO THE RIVER BESIDE THE VERDANT 2ED #ANYON7ASH ARE THE MOST ATTRACTIVE PART OF THE HIKE THOUGH EVEN THOSE INVOLVESOMEDIFlCULTSCRAMBLING4HEROILINGWATERSOF(ANCE2APIDAWAIT ATTRAILSEND


(SBOEWJFX
5SBJM

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0UIFS
4PVUI
3JN
USBJMT

4HE 'RANDVIEW4RAIL LEADS OUT ONTO DOUBLE POINTED (ORSESHOE -ESA PROVIDING A RARE OPPORTUNITY TO EXPLORE ONE OF THE MANY WOODED MESAS THAT DOT THE INNER CANYON !LTHOUGH YOUCOULDCONNECTWITHOTHERTRAILSTO 4RAILHEAD
(SBOEWJFX
1PJOU
GU

REACH THE 4ONTO 0LATFORM AND EVEN 7ATER
/POF TUALLY lND YOUR WAY DOWN TO THE $AYªHIKEªTOª(ORSESHOEª-ESAª #OLORADO THIS IS NOT A RIM TO RIVER GU

ROUTE )NVOLVING A SHORTER TREK AND $IFlCULTY
4USFOVPVT LESSELEVATIONCHANGETHANOTHERMAJOR $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ 3OUTH 2IM ROUTES THE 'RANDVIEW IS %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS ONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARDAYHIKESIN THEPARK4HATSAID THETRAILITSELFISIN WORSECONDITIONTHANYOUMIGHTEXPECTIFYOUVEONLYTACKLEDTHECORRIDOR TRAILS ANDTHECLIMBBACKOUTISTOUGHBYANYSTANDARDS!LLOWABOUTSIXHOURS FORTHEROUND TRIP 0ETE "ERRY lRST IMPROVED THIS TRAIL IN  TO EASE ACCESS TO HIS ,AST #HANCE COPPER MINE OUT ON (ORSESHOE -ESA (E MADE ENOUGH MONEY TO lNANCE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RIM SIDE 'RANDVIEW (OTEL WHICH LASTED A LITTLELONGERTHANTHECOPPERBUTWASEVENTUALLYBANKRUPTEDBYTHEARRIVAL OFTHERAILROADTOTHEWEST%VIDENCEOF"ERRYSWORKISSTILLVISIBLE(EBUILT MANYOFITSSWITCHBACKSBYINSERTINGMETALRODSDEEPINTOTHECANYONWALL THENCOVERINGTHEMWITHJUNIPERLOGS STONES ANDDIRT7HILETHETRAILISNO LONGERMAINTAINED EVERYTHINGREMAINSSURPRISINGLYSTURDY THOUGHITSUPPER SECTIONS HAD TO BE RECONSTRUCTED IN  FOLLOWING LANDSLIDES!T TIMES A LITTLEHAIR RAISING THETRAILISNEVERTHELESSEASIERTHANBOTHTHE.EW(ANCE AND4ANNERTRAILS !SDESCRIBEDONP THEBESTVIEWSLIEATANDJUSTBELOWTHETRAILHEAD BESIDE THEPARKINGLOTAT'RANDVIEW0OINT&ARTHERDOWN NARROWCOBBLEDSWITCHBACKS CLINGTOTHE+AIBABLIMESTONECLIFFS WITHSTEEPDROP OFFSTOWARDTHECANYON)T TAKESLESSTHANANHOURTOREACHTHEREFUGEOFTHE#OCONINO 3ADDLE ASPUR BETWEEN'RAPEVINE#ANYONTOTHEWESTAND(ANCE#ANYONTOTHEEAST WHERE THE TREES OFFER WELCOME SHADE /NWARD THE SWITCHBACKS NARROW AND YOURE FACEDWITHLONG EXPOSEDTRAVERSESALONGTHERED3UPAISANDSTONELAYER WHERE THEPATHDWINDLESTOJUSTACOUPLEOFFEETWIDEANDGRAVELSKITTERSOVERTHEEDGE ATEVERYSTEP 4HREEMILESFROMTHERIM ANOTHERSADDLELEADSONTO(ORSESHOE-ESA WITH ONELASTSHORTDROPBEFOREYOUREACHTHEPITTOILETSBUTNOWATER THATMARKTHE FRINGESOFTHEFORMERMININGAREA4HERUDDYSOILISSCATTEREDWITHMINERAL RICH mECKS AND OUTCROPS OF COPPER ORE AND THE RUINS OF MINERS CABINS ARE EVERY WHEREYOULOOK-AKESHIFTTRAILSMEANDERACROSSTHEPLATEAU PASSINGABANDONED WORKINGSANDMYSTERIOUSCAVESINVESTIGATINGANYOFTHESEISOFlCIALLYFORBIDDEN ANDWOULDBEANEXTREMELYPERILOUSUNDERTAKING )FYOUREPLANNINGTOBACKPACKFARTHERINTOTHECANYON THEBESTROUTEDOWN FROM THE MESA n SIGNED TO #OTTONWOOD #REEK n HEADS OFF TO THE LEFT WEST NEAR THE RESTROOMS "ELOW ON THE4ONTO 0LATFORM A SEVEN MILE LOOP AROUND THEFOOTOF(ORSESHOE-ESAREJOINSTHE'RANDVIEW4RAILAFEWHUNDREDYARDS HIGHERUP!LTERNATIVELY YOUCOULDTAKETHE4ONTO4RAILANDHEADEITHERSEVEN MILESEASTTOTHE.EW(ANCE4RAIL DOWNBYTHE#OLORADO ORTWENTYMILESWEST TOTHE3OUTH+AIBAB4RAIL




)FSNJU
5SBJM

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4PVUI
3JN
USBJMT 

!PPEALINGTOBOTHDAYHIKERSANDLONG DISTANCEBACKPACKERS THE(ERMIT4RAIL ISANOTHERUNMAINTAINEDROUTETHATDATESFROMTHEDAYSWHENTHEOBSTREPEROUS 2ALPH #AMERON CONTROLLED ACCESS TO MOST OF THE PRIME RIM EDGE SITES SEE 4RAILHEAD
)FSNJUT
3FTU
GU

P  &IRST DUBBED THE %L4OVAR4RAIL 7ATER
4BOUB
.BSJB
4QSJOH
USFBU
THETRAILWASUSEDFROMONWARDBY CFGPSF
VTF
&RED(ARVEY#OMPANYMULEEXCURSIONS :FBSSPVOE
TUSFBN
BU

NJMFT
USFBU
CFGPSF
VTF

)TWASSOONRENAMEDINHONOROFRECLU SIVE &RENCH #ANADIAN PROSPECTOR ,OUIS $AYªHIKEªTOª3ANTAª-ARIAª3PRINGª "OUCHER THE hHERMITv WHO MADE HIS GU

HOMEAT$RIPPING3PRINGSEEOPPOSITE  $IFlCULTY
.PEFSBUF 4HOUGH ABANDONED IN  THE TRAIL $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS REMAINSLARGELYINGOODSHAPEANDMAKESA GOODALTERNATIVETOTHEOFTEN OVERCROWDED #OLORADOª2IVER
GU

"RIGHT !NGEL AND 3OUTH +AIBAB TRAILS $IFlCULTY
4USFOVPVT EVENIFTHEVIEWSARESELDOMASSPECTACULAR $ISTANCE

NJMFT
POFXBZ 4HE MAJOR APPEAL IS WILDLIFE PARTICULARLY %STIMATEDªTIMEªoIS
EFTDFOU
BIRDS BUTTERmIES AND IN SPRING AND FALL oIS
BTDFOU ABUNDANTWILDmOWERS4HEBESTDAYHIKES LEADTO3ANTA -ARIA 3PRING ON THE MAIN TRAILMILESROUND TRIP AND$RIPPING3PRINGONTHESIDETRAILSDESCRIBEDBELOW MILESROUND TRIP 7ATERFROMBOTHISDRINKABLEIFTREATED 4HE TRAIL BEGINS FROM (ERMITS 2EST AT THE WEST END OF (ERMIT 2OAD SEE P  IN WINTER WHEN SHUTTLE BUSES ARENT RUNNING TRAIL USERS CAN DRIVE TO A PARKING LOT BEYOND THE SHUTTLE STOP )NITIALLY ROUGH AND ROCKY UNDERFOOT THE TRAILSWITCHBACKSDOWNTHEEASTERNmANKOF(ERMIT"ASIN FEELINGFARREMOVED FROMTHECENTRALCANYONASITGRADUALLYDESCENDSAHIGHROCKWALLABOVE(ERMIT #REEK5PHEAVALSINTHECOBBLEDPATHWAYANDROCKFALLSMAKEFORSLOWPROGRESS AT lRST BUT THE TRAIL EVENTUALLY LEVELS OUT ON A SANDY mOOR!FTER  MILES IT MEETSTHESELDOM USED7ALDRON4RAILnMAPPEDOUTINASTHEORIGINAL ROUTE INTO (ERMIT "ASIN n THEN PASSES THE SPUR TRAIL TO $RIPPING 3PRING A QUARTER MILEFARTHERON +EEP TO THE TRAIL BEYOND THE $RIPPING 3PRING TURNOFF THE STREAMBED LEADS OVER A WATERFALL! HALF MILE FARTHER AFTER DESCENDING A CRUMBLING RED LEDGE YOULLREACH3ANTA-ARIA3PRING4HOUGHITSELDOMAMOUNTSTOMUCHMORE THANASTEADYDRIPFROMASTANDPIPEINTOANUNATTRACTIVEMANMADETROUGH THE SPRING IS ENOUGH TO SUPPORT A DELIGHTFUL OASIS OF mOWERING PLANTS9OULL lND WELCOMESHADEINTHEGORGEOUSRESTHOUSE WITHACOMFORTABLEROCKINGBENCH AND AN OPEN FACADE ALL BUT SMOTHERED IN CREEPING VINES $AY HIKERS SHOULD TURNBACKHEREWHILEGENTLEOVERTHENEXTMILE THEONWARDTRAILTHENTACKLES FURTHER STEEP SWITCHBACKS AND A TRICKY DOWNWARD SCRAMBLE AMID FALLEN ROCKS )T EVENTUALLY HURTLES DOWN THE 2EDWALL BELOW 0IMA 0OINT BY MEANS OF THE CRAMPED #ATHEDRAL 3TAIRS SWITCHBACKS AND MEETS THE4ONTO4RAIL  MILES FROMTHETRAILHEAD "ETWEENAND MULERIDERSWOULDSPENDTHENIGHTDEEPINTHEINNER CANYONATTHEPERMANENT(ERMIT#AMP AMILEWESTOFTHE4ONTO4RAILJUNC TION WHICH WAS PROVISIONED BY CABLE CAR FROM 0IMA 0OINT /NLY THE OUTLINE OF ITS STURDY STONE WALLS REMAIN HOWEVER SO BACKPACKERS NOW CONGREGATE AT (ERMIT#REEK#AMPGROUND AFEWHUNDREDYARDSBEYOND4HOUGHAmASH mOODDESTROYEDITSMUCH LOVEDNATURALSWIMMINGPOOLIN THESITEISSTILL SPECTACULAR OFFERINGDRAMATICVIEWSOFCLIFFSTHATSOARTOTHERIM

4HEMOSTDIRECTROUTETOTHE#OLORADOFROMTHE(ERMIT4RAILFOLLOWS(ERMIT #REEK WHICH YOU CAN ACCESS EITHER JUST BEFORE (ERMIT #AMP OR FROM THE CAMPGROUND%ITHERWAY YOULLREACHTHERIVERINALITTLEOVERAMILE ATAROCKY BEACHJUSTSHORTOF(ERMIT2APID WHOSEWAVELIKESURGECANRISEMORETHAN TWENTYFEET


%SJQQJOH
4QSJOH
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4PVUI
3JN
USBJMT

4HE DELIGHTFUL AND NONE TOO STRENUOUS EXPEDITION TO $RIPPING 3PRING RANKSAMONGTHEBESTMID LENGTHDAYHIKESINTHECANYON4HESPRINGITSELF WHICH WAS HOME TO THEhHERMITv ,OUIS "OUCHER BETWEEN  AND  SITS ONLY A FEW HUNDRED YARDS BENEATH THERIM BUTTHENEARESTROAD ACCESSIBLE 4RAILHEAD
)FSNJUT
3FTU
GU

TRAILHEAD IS AT (ERMITS 2EST AND ITS 7ATER
%SJQQJOH
4QSJOH
USFBU
NECESSARY TO APPROACH THE SPRING FROM CFGPSF
VTF
BELOW SO IT REMAINS A ROUND TRIP OF $AYªHIKEªTOª$RIPPINGª3PRINGª MILES GU

4URN LEFT AT THE SPUR JUNCTION $IFlCULTY
.PEFSBUF
XJUI
IJHI
DESCRIBED OPPOSITE ALMOST TWO MILES ESPQPGGT DOWN THE (ERMIT 4RAIL AND FOLLOW $ISTANCE

NJMFT
SPVOEUSJQ THENARROWPATHASITNEGOTIATESAHIGH %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS SWEEPING CURVE BARELY SCRAPED INTO A STEEPCLIFFOFRED(ERMITSHALEnANYONE WITHAFEAROFHEIGHTSWOULDDOBETTERTOTURNBACKANDINSTEADVISIT3ANTA -ARIA 3PRING SEE OPPOSITE  ! MILE ALONG THE SPUR PAST TWO SUCCESSIVE WOODEDAMPHITHEATERS YOULLTURNLEFTONTHE"OUCHER4RAIL WHICHASCENDS TOWARD THE RIM .OT FAR UP $RIPPING 3PRING CASCADES FROM THE CEILING OF A LARGE ALCOVE IN THE #OCONINO SANDSTONE WALL AMID LUSH FERNS AND TINY BLOSSOMS"OUCHERUSEDTHISPERENNIALWATERSUPPLYTOIRRIGATEGARDENSAND ORCHARDSALONGTHECREEK


#PVDIFS
5SBJM 4HE "OUCHER4RAIL WHICH RUNS A MILE OR SO WEST OF AND ROUGHLY PARAL LELS THE (ERMIT4RAIL WAS ONCE ,OUIS "OUCHERS 3ILVER "ELL4RAIL THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE TO HIS $RIPPING 3PRING HOME 3TRICTLY SPEAKING IT BEGINS AT 4RAILHEAD
)FSNJUT
3FTU
GU

A REMOTE TRAILHEAD ABOVE THE SPRING 7ATER
%SJQQJOH
4QSJOH
USFBU
4ODAY HOWEVER ACCESS IS SO MUCH CFGPSF
VTF
EASIER FROM (ERMITS 2EST THAT THE #PVDIFS
$SFFL
BU

NJMFT
USFBU
TRAIL IS USED ALMOST INVARIABLY AS PART CFGPSF
VTF
OF LONGER MULTI TRAIL ITINERARIES MOST #OLORADOª2IVERª GU

OFTEN ENTAILING A DESCENT TO THE RIVER $IFlCULTY
7FSZ
TUSFOVPVT VIA THE "OUCHER4RAIL FOLLOWED BY AN $ISTANCE

NJMFT
POFXBZ ASCENTALONGTHE(ERMIT %STIMATEDªTIME
oIS
EFTDFOU
0ARTICULARLY IN ITS EARLY STAGES THE oIS
BTDFOU "OUCHER4RAILISNOTAHIKEFORCANYON NOVICES3OONAFTERYOUTURNRIGHTONTO THE TRAIL THREE MILES INTO THE $RIPPING 3PRING ITINERARY DESCRIBED ABOVE YOUREOBLIGEDTOTEETERALONGTHEBRINKOFASHEERDROP)NICYWINTERCONDI TIONS THISTRAVERSEALONGTHEWESTWALLOF(ERMIT"ASINISTRULYTERRIFYING #ONDITIONSIMPROVEWHENYOUROUNDTHEHEADLANDBENEATH9UMA0OINTAT THEFAREND BUTYOUSTILLHAVETONEGOTIATELONG DIFlCULTSCRAMBLINGDESCENTS BEFOREYOUREACHTHE4ONTO4RAIL



(ALFAMILEFARTHER TURNRIGHTANDPICKYOURWAYALONGTHEBOULDER STREWN "OUCHER#REEKSTREAMBEDTOREACHTHERIVERNEAR "OUCHER 2APID!LTERNA TIVELY A  MILE EASTWARD HIKE ON THE4ONTO4RAIL LEADS TO (ERMIT #REEK #AMPGROUNDONTHE(ERMIT4RAILSEEP 


4PVUI
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5SBJM )*,*/(
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0UIFS
4PVUI
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HE'RAND#ANYONMIGHTSEEMASUPREMELYINHOSPITABLE PRISTINEENVI RONMENT BUTITHASBEENHOMETOHUMANSFORAROUNDTWELVETHOUSAND YEARS.ATIVE!MERICANSONCEFARMEDALONGTHECANYONmOOR ACROSSITS PLATEAUS AND UP ON THE RIMS WHILE 3PANISH ADVENTURERS ARRIVED HERE EIGHTYYEARSBEFORETHE-AYmOWERSETSAIL/NLYWITHINTHELASTHUNDREDYEARS HOWEVER HASITOCCURREDTOANYONETOCOMEHEREFORFUN

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# /.4% 843

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4HE OLDEST TRACES OF A HUMAN PRESENCE AT THE 'RAND #ANYON ARE A HANDFUL OF mAKED STONE SPEARHEADS THAT DATE BACK TO AROUND   "#4HEY WERE PRODUCED BY THE #LOVIS CULTURE WHICH SPREAD THROUGHOUT .ORTH AND 3OUTH !MERICAUNTILAROUND"#,IVINGINSMALLGROUPS CONSTANTLYONTHEMOVE #LOVISHUNTERSPURSUEDPREYOVERLONGDISTANCES4HEYSEEMTOHAVEBEENSUCH SUCCESSFULKILLERSTHATTHEYDROVETHEINDIGENOUSFAUNAnWHICHINCLUDEDGIANT SLOTHS CAMELS ANDEVENHORSESnTOEXTINCTION !STHELARGEANIMALSDIEDOUT THEINHABITANTSOFTHE'RAND#ANYONADAPTEDTO BECOMEHUNTER GATHERERS WHOMIGRATEDSEASONALLYBETWEENTHECANYONSAND PLATEAUSINSEARCHOFFOOD*UDGINGBYSMALLlGURINESFOUNDINCAVESIN-ARBLE #ANYONANDELSEWHEREnMADEFROMSPLITWILLOWTWIGSTOREPRESENTDEERAND BIGHORNSHEEPANDOFTENRUNTHROUGHBYLITTLEhSPEARSvnTHESENOMADSDEVEL OPEDSHAMANISTICRITUALSTOENCOURAGEHUNTINGSUCCESS 4HESO CALLED!RCHAIC%RADREWTOACLOSEFOLLOWINGINlLTRATIONOFINmUENCES FROM-EXICO ESPECIALLYAGRICULTURE4HESKILLOFGROWINGCORN PASSEDNORTH WARDFROMGROUPTOGROUPANDACCOMPANIEDBYPRAYERSANDRITUALSTOENSUREA GOODHARVEST REACHEDTHECANYONAROUND"#!TlRST LOW LEVELFARMING MERELY SUPPLEMENTED THE TRADITIONAL DIET LARGE SCALE CULTIVATION OF CORN AND ALSO SQUASH PROBABLY BEGAN AROUND  "#4HE PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE KNOWN ASTHE"ASKETMAKERS LIVEDINEXTENDEDFAMILYGROUPSINSHALLOWPITHOUSES n RECTANGULAR PITS TWO TO SIX FEET DEEP WITH EARTHEN ROOFS THAT ROSE ABOVE GROUND LEVEL4HEY HUNTED USING THE ATLATL n A SPEAR THROWING DEVICE n AND COOKED BY DROPPING HOT ROCKS INTO YUCCA LEAF BASKETS LINED WITH WATERPROOF PITCH4HEYALSODOMESTICATEDDOGS FORHUNTING ANDTURKEYS USEDFORFEATHERS RATHERTHANFOOD 0OTTERY ARRIVEDAFEWCENTURIESLATER ANDWITHITTHEABILITYTOBOILBEANS THETHIRDGREATSTAPLE3OUTHWESTERNFOOD"YAROUND!$ THE"ASKETMAK ERSWEREALSOGROWINGCOTTONANDUSINGBOWSANDARROWS3IZABLEVILLAGES WHATTHE3PANISHLATERCALLEDPUEBLOS STARTEDTOAPPEAR%ACHCENTEREDONONE PITHOUSE LARGERTHANTHEREST THATWASSETASIDEFORPUBLICORRITUALUSE4HESE WERETHElRSTKIVASnTHECEREMONIALUNDERGROUNDCHAMBERSSTILLATTHEHEART OF0UEBLORELIGION"Y!$ THE'RAND#ANYONWASPOPULATEDBYTHEANCES TORSOFMODERN0UEBLO)NDIANS APEOPLENOWKNOWNAS!NCESTRAL0UEBLOANS INPREFERENCETOTHEPREVIOUSLYCOMMONTERM!NASAZI WHICHCOMESFROMA .AVAJOWORDMEANINGhENEMYANCESTORSv 4HEHEYDAYOFAGRICULTUREINTHE'RAND#ANYONCAMEROUGHLYONETHOUSAND YEARS AGO WHEN INCREASED LEVELS OF PRECIPITATION MEANT THAT CORN BEANS AND SQUASHCOULDBEPLANTEDTHROUGHOUTTHECANYON$ELTASATTHEMOUTHSOFMAJOR



# /.4% 843

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SIDE CANYONS SUCH AS 5NKAR #REEK AND #HUAR #REEK MADE PRIZED LIVING SPOTS -ODERN VISITORS CAN SEE TYPICAL 0UEBLOAN DWELLINGS BOTH DOWN IN THE CANYON CLOSE TO 0HANTOM 2ANCH SEE P AND UP ON THE PLATEAUS MOST NOTABLY AT THE 4USAYAN 2UIN ON THE 3OUTH 2IM SEE P AND 7ALHALLA 'LADESONTHE.ORTH2IMSEEP !NCESTRAL0UEBLOANSSEEMTOHAVEROAMED READILYBETWEENRIMANDRIVERTHEIRLADDERSANDEVENFOOTBRIDGESSTILLSURVIVE INCERTAINWELL HIDDENPLACES WHILETHEIRTRAILSFORMTHEBASISOFALMOSTALLTHE PARKSHIKINGROUTES "Y AROUND  RAINFALL HAD AGAIN DIMINISHED THE SOIL WAS BECOMING DEPLETED AND AN EXODUS FROM THE REGION BEGAN4HERE ARE ALSO INDICATIONS OF CONmICT FOR SCANT RESOURCES BETWEEN COMPETING GROUPS 4HE !NCESTRAL 0UEBLOANS OF THE CANYON CAN BE SUBDIVIDED INTO THE +AYENTA PEOPLES OF ITS EASTERN AND CENTRAL REACHES AND THE #OHONINA FARTHER WEST WHO WITH LESS FERTILE FARMLAND DEPENDED TO A GREATER EXTENT ON ROASTING WILD AGAVE PLANTS &ORTIlEDWATCHTOWER LIKESTRUCTURESALONGTHERIMSUGGESTTHATTHESEPREVIOUSLY AMICABLE NEIGHBORS MAY HAVE FALLEN OUT OR THAT PERHAPS THE #OHONINA LEFT THECANYONEARLIERTHANTHE+AYENTAANDWERESUPPLANTEDBYTHELESSFRIENDLY #ERBATPEOPLE4HE0AIUTEALSOMADETHEIRAPPEARANCEAROUNDTHISTIME ALONG THEWESTERNENDOFTHE.ORTH2IM !LTHOUGHONLYAMINIMALPOPULATIONREMAINEDINTHECANYONPROPERBY 0UEBLOAN GROUPS HAVE MAINTAINED CLOSE SPIRITUAL LINKS EVER SINCE4HE MANY DISTINCT 0UEBLO PEOPLES THAT SURVIVE TODAY CAME INTO BEING WHEN GROUPS OF MIGRANTSCOALESCEDINVARIOUSLOCATIONSWELLEASTOFTHECANYONBETWEENAROUND AND'EOGRAPHICALLYTHECLOSESTARETHE(OPI WHOSEMESASLIESIXTY MILESEAST4HEYREGARDADOME SHAPEDHOTSPRINGKNOWNASTHESIPAPU NOTFARUP THE,ITTLE#OLORADOFROMITSCONmUENCEWITHTHE#OLORADO ASTHEHOLETHROUGH WHICHTHEYENTEREDTHEWORLD ANDTHEYSTILLMAKEPILGRIMAGESTOITALONGTHE 3ALT4RAIL3OME:UNI WHONOWLIVEIN.EW-EXICO ALSOTRACETHEIRORIGINS BACKTOTHECANYON PARTICULARLYTO2AINBOW&ALLSBELOWTHE.ORTH2IM &ARTHER WEST THE #ERBAT NEVER LEFT THE CANYON VICINITY4HEIR DESCENDANTS BECAMETHE(UALAPAI ASWELLASTHE(AVASUPAI WHOSECONTINUEDEXISTENCE DEEP IN (AVASU #ANYON REPRESENTS THE CLOSEST MODERN APPROXIMATION TO THE ANCIENTWAYOFLIFE

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# /.4% 843

\(ISTORY

GUIDES WERE DELIBERATELY LEADING THEM ASTRAY4HE 3PANIARDS WERE ASSURED THAT NOTRAILSEXTENDEDDOWNTOTHERIVERANDWERETAKENTOASPOTWHERENONEWAS VISIBLENOONEKNOWSEXACTLYWHERE BUTITSGENERALLYRECKONEDTOHAVEBEEN SOMEWHERENEAR'RANDVIEW0OINT #ÉRDENASMENSPENTTHREEDAYSONTHE3OUTH2IM SEARCHINGFORAROUTETO THEBOTTOM4HREEEVENTUALLYMADEANABORTIVEATTEMPT ONLYTODISCOVERTHAT hSOMEHUGEROCKSONTHESIDESOFTHECLIFFS;THAT=SEEMEDTOBEABOUTASTALLASA MANxWEREBIGGERTHANTHEGREATTOWEROF3EVILLEv4HEYTURNEDBACKATHIRD OFTHEWAYDOWN CONCLUDINGTHAThITWASIMPOSSIBLETODESCENDv 4HE3PANISHHOPEDTOlNDARIVERROUTETOTHESO CALLEDh3OUTH3EA vTHE'ULF OF#ALIFORNIA ANDIDENTIlEDTHE#OLORADOASBEINGTHE2ÓO4ÓSON OR&IREBRAND 2IVER UP WHICH A SIMULTANEOUS NAVAL EXPEDITION WAS ATTEMPTING TO SAIL )T MANAGED  MILES REACHING THE MODERN SITE OF THE (OOVER $AM #ÉRDENAS HIMSELF WHO SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN AN UNSAVORY CHARACTER REJOINED #ORONADO ANDWASLATERRESPONSIBLEFORBURNINGTWOHUNDRED)NDIANHOSTAGESALIVEATTHE 4IGUEXPUEBLO !LTHOUGH#ORONADOSEXPEDITIONULTIMATELYFAILED THE3PANIARDSRETURNEDIN FORCEINTOESTABLISHTHECOLONYOF.EW-EXICO THEBOUNDARIESOFWHICH NOMINALLYINCLUDEDTHE'RAND#ANYON(OWEVER NOFURTHER3PANISHVISITSTO THE CANYON ARE RECORDED BEFORE  WHEN A GROUP OF EXPLORERS FROM 3ANTA &E LEDBYTHE&RANCISCANFRIARS$OMÓNGUEZAND%SCALANTESEEP SETOUT TOMAPWHATLATERBECAMETHE/LD3PANISH4RAILTO#ALIFORNIA/NTHEIRRETURN THEYWANDEREDEXTENSIVELYACROSSTHE!RIZONA3TRIPANDFAILEDTOCROSSTHERIVER ATTHESITEOF,EES&ERRY4HATSAMEYEAR &ATHER'ARCÏSFROM4UCSONPENETRATED WHATHECALLEDAhCALABOOSEOFCLIFFSANDCANYONSvTOVISITTHE(AVASUPAIINTHE WESTERNCANYON

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# /.4% 843

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0OWELLS TEN MAN #OLORADO 2IVER %XPLORING %XPEDITION SET OFF FROM 'REEN 2IVER 7YOMING ON -AY  4HIS WAS JUST TWO WEEKS AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD WHICH CARRIED HIS FOUR HEAVY 7HITEHALL OAK ROWING BOATS HERE FROM #HICAGO!NOTHER EXPEDITION LED BY 4HOMAS(OOK SETOFFAFEWDAYSLATER BUTWASABANDONEDALMOSTIMMEDIATELY AFTER(OOKDROWNEDINARAPID0OWELLHIMSELFSOONLOSTONEOFHISBOATS BUT HEREACHEDWHATWOULDBECOME'REEN2IVER 5TAH ON*ULYTHENTHEPREVI OUSLYUNSEENCONmUENCEOFTHE'REENANDLARGER 'RANDRIVERS WHICHMARKS THESTARTOFTHE#OLORADO ON*ULYANDTHEMOUTHOFTHE3AN*UANON*ULY &ROMWHATSNOW,EES&ERRY HELAUNCHEDHIMSELFINTOTHE'RAND#ANYON ON!UGUST )TWASAGRUELING EVENNIGHTMARISHTRIP FORWHICH0OWELLSBOATSWEREWHOLLY UNSUITABLE (IS CREW COUNTED A TOTAL OF  RAPIDS  OF WHICH THEY HAD TO PORTAGEnTHATIS PHYSICALLYCARRYTHEIRBOATSOVERTHERIVERSIDEROCKS%VENTUALLY HOWEVER THEBEDRAGGLED RAVENOUSCREWEMERGEDFROMTHECANYONON!UGUST )NADREADFULIRONY THREEMEMBERSOFTHEPARTY TERRIlEDBYTHEINTERMINABLE PROSPECTOFYETMORERAPIDS HADABANDONEDTHERIVERTHEDAYBEFORE ONLYTOBE MURDEREDASTHEYHIKEDOUTOF3EPARATION#ANYON4HEIRDEATHSHAVETRADITION ALLYBEENBLAMEDON.ATIVE!MERICANS BUTCOMPELLINGRECENTEVIDENCESUGGESTS -ORMONSETTLERSMAYHAVEKILLEDTHEM 0OWELLWASBOTHAGENUINEHEROANDACONSUMMATESELF PUBLICIST WHO THANKS INPARTTOTHEACCLAIMHERECEIVEDFORHISJOURNALSnANUNACKNOWLEDGEDAMAL GAM OF BOTH THIS VOYAGE AND A SECOND TREK IN  n LATER BECAME DIRECTOR OF BOTH THE "UREAU OF!MERICAN %THNOLOGY AND THE 53 'EOLOGICAL 3URVEY (ERETURNEDREPEATEDLYTOTHECANYONWITHSCIENTIlCTEAMS ONEOFWHICH IN  INCLUDEDTHEARTIST4HOMAS-ORAN-ORANSPAINTINGSANDENGRAVINGS AND THE DETAILED GEOLOGIC REPORT PREPARED BY #LARENCE $UTTON IN n nTHElRSTTOGIVEQUASI RELIGIOUSNAMESTOTHEVARIOUShTEMPLESvANDMONU MENTSBELOWTHERIMnDIDMUCHTOPLACETHECANYONlRMLYINTHE!MERICAN CONSCIOUSNESS

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!STHE'RAND#ANYONWASBEINGRECOGNIZEDASTHEMOSTEXTRAORDINARYNATU RALWONDERINTHE53 SETTLERSMOVEDTOTHEVICINITYINEVER GREATERNUMBERS )SOLATED -ORMON COMMUNITIES SPRANG UP ACROSS THE!RIZONA 3TRIP ON THE .ORTH2IMPLATEAUS WHILEWESTBOUNDPIONEERSBEGANTOSTAKECLAIMSCLOSETO THE3OUTH2IM4HEREHASBEENTENSIONEVERSINCEBETWEENTHISNEWPERMA NENTPOPULATION DETERMINEDTOSURVIVEINSUCHANUNFORGIVINGENVIRONMENT ANDVISITORSHOPINGTOlNDUNSPOILEDWILDERNESS"ROADLYSPEAKING LOGGING ANDGRAZINGINTERESTSLONGRETAINEDCONTROLOFTHEPLATEAUFORESTS WHILEINTHE CANYONITSELFMOSTATTEMPTSATMINING WEREDEFEATEDBYTHEDIFlCULTTERRAIN TOURISMSOONPROVEDAFARMORELUCRATIVEPROPOSITION 7HENTHERAILROADlRSTCROSSEDNORTHERN!RIZONAIN VISITORSWERETAKEN BYSTAGECOACHFROM0EACH3PRINGS THENEARESTSTATIONTOTHE'RAND#ANYON TOSTAYATTHE$IAMOND#REEK(OTELBYTHERIVER7ITHTHEGROWTHOFTHETIMBER TOWNSTOTHEEAST THATLOCALITYSOONDECLINEDBYTHES &LAGSTAFFWASTHE MAINTERMINUS CONNECTEDTOTHECANYONBYTHREEWEEKLYSTAGES4HERAILROAD REACHEDTHECANYONITSELF VIAABRANCHLINEFROM7ILLIAMS IN3EPTEMBER 4HATTRIGGEREDTHEGROWTHOF'RAND#ANYON6ILLAGE BUILTUNDERTHEAUSPICES

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\(ISTORY

OF THE &RED (ARVEY #OMPANY A SUBSIDIARY OF THE 3ANTA &E 2AILROAD AND DEPENDENTONWATERCARRIEDBYRAILFROM$EL2IO MILESAWAY4HECOMPA NYSGRAND%L4OVARHOTELnSTILLTHESHOWPIECECANYON EDGELODGINGnOPENED IN*ANUARY ANDITSEARLYMARKETINGSTRATEGIESINmUENCETHEEXPERIENCEOF CANYONVISITORSTOTHISDAY&OLLOWINGANINTERNALMEMOTOhGETSOME)NDIANS TO THE #ANYON AT ONCE v THE COMPANY BUILT THE (OPI (OUSE SOUVENIR STORE MODELEDONTHE(OPIVILLAGEOF/LD/RAIBI ANDSTAFFEDITWITH(OPICRAFTSPEO PLE 3IMILARLY THE COMPANY EXHORTED .AVAJO WEAVERS TO PRODUCE RUGS TO SUIT TOURISTTASTES USINGNONTRADITIONALhEARTHvCOLORSSUCHASBROWN0SEUDO 0UEBLO ARCHITECTUREBECAMETHEDOMINANTTHEME INLINEWITHTHEVISIONOFARCHITECT -ARY*ANE#OLTERSEEP  ,ATE NINETEENTH CENTURY PROPOSALS TO CREATE A 'RAND #ANYON .ATIONAL 0ARKAROUSEDVIGOROUSLOCALOPPOSITION)NDUECOURSE HOWEVER NATURALIST*OHN -UIRnWHOHADEARLIERCHAMPIONED9OSEMITE6ALLEYIN#ALIFORNIAANDDECLARED THE'RAND#ANYONTOBEhUNEARTHLYxASIFYOUHADFOUNDITAFTERDEATH ON SOME OTHER STARv n FOUND A POWERFUL ALLY IN 4HEODORE 2OOSEVELT 0RESI DENTIAL AUTHORITY ONLY ENTITLED 2OOSEVELT TO PROTECT SITES OF HISTORICAL RATHER THAN GEOLOGIC INTEREST SO 2OOSEVELT USED THE PRETEXT OF PRESERVING!NCESTRAL 0UEBLOANRUINSTOPROCLAIM'RAND#ANYON.ATIONAL-ONUMENTIN (AVINGFAILEDTOPERSUADETHE3UPREME#OURTTOOVERRULETHEPRESIDENT !RIZO NANPOLITICIANSlNALLYCAMEAROUNDTOTHEIDEAOFANATIONALPARKAFTER!RIZONA ACHIEVEDSTATEHOODIN%VENSO BYTHETIMETHEBOUNDARIESOFTHENEW 'RAND#ANYON.ATIONAL0ARKWERElXEDIN THEYHADTRIMMEDAWAY LARGETRACTSOFGRAZINGLAND4HEPARKENCOMPASSEDONLYABOUTSQUAREMILES ANDINCLUDEDJUSTMILESOFTHEACTUALCANYON -EANWHILE TOURISM TO THE 3OUTH 2IM INCREASED 2ALPH #AMERON HAD BEEN ACCUMULATING BOGUS MINING CLAIMS ALONG THE 3OUTH 2IM SINCE  WHICHENABLEDHIMTOCHARGEATOLLOFTORIDERSUSINGTHE"RIGHT!NGEL4RAIL )N HEBUILTHISOWNHOTELBESIDETHERAILROADTERMINAL FORCINGTHE&RED (ARVEY#OMPANYTORELOCATETHESTATIONBEYONDSIGHTOFITSUPSTARTRIVAL7HEN

 ©5-ARY©*ANE©#OLTERS©ARCH©AND©BELL©AT©(ERMITS©2EST

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\(ISTORY 

THENATIONALPARKCAMEINTOBEING #AMERONCONTINUEDTOBEATHORNINITSSIDE %LECTEDTOTHE533ENATEIN HESPENTAFEWYEARSHACKINGATTHEPARKS BUDGETBEFOREHISMININGCLAIMSWEREEVENTUALLYINVALIDATED(ISCONTROLOFTHE "RIGHT!NGEL4RAILHADBYTHENSPURREDDEVELOPMENTOFTHECOMPETING+AIBAB 4RAIL WHICHSTRETCHESFROMRIMTORIMBYWAYOFTHE+AIBAB3USPENSION"RIDGE 0LANS TO PAVE THAT ROUTE NEVER MATERIALIZED BUT A SLIGHT ENLARGEMENT OF THE PARKINPERMITTEDCONSTRUCTIONOFAROADEASTTO$ESERT6IEW WHICH WITH COMPLETIONINOF.AVAJO"RIDGEACROSS-ARBLE#ANYON REDUCEDWHAT HADBEENA MILEDRIVEBETWEENTHERIMSTOAMOREFEASIBLEMILES 4HE lRST AUTOMOBILE SHOWED UP AT THE CANYON IN  DESPITE RUNNING OUTOFGASTWENTYMILESSHORT"Y MOREVISITORSWERECOMINGBYCARTHAN BYTRAIN AND&LAGSTAFFWASONCEAGAINTHEMAJORGATEWAY"Y THETHRONGS OF VISITORS NECESSITATED ADVANCE RESERVATIONS FOR BOTH MULE RIDES AND LODGING !NNUAL VISITOR NUMBERS lRST EXCEEDED A MILLION IN  AND RAN OVER lVE MILLIONTHROUGHMOSTOFTHES!NTICIPATINGTHATVISITATIONWOULDCONTINUE TOINCREASEATANEXPONENTIALRATE THE0ARK3ERVICEDREWUPPLANSAROUNDTHE TURNOFTHEMILLENNIUMTOBUILDALIGHTRAILNETWORKANDAHUGENEWTOURISM COMPLEX CLOSE TO THE 3OUTH 2IM TO BE KNOWN AS #ANYON &OREST6ILLAGE (OWEVER VISITOR NUMBERS HAVE NOW DROPPED BACK BELOW lVE MILLION n NO ONESSUREWHY THOUGHTHEDOWNWARDTRENDHASCONTINUEDSINCETHETERRORIST ATTACKSOF3EPTEMBER nANDTHEPOLITICALWILLTOMAKEMAJORCHANGES SEEMSTOHAVEDISAPPEARED

%NVIRONMENTALISSUES 4HEBIGGESTISSUESTOFACETHE'RAND#ANYONDURINGTHETWENTIETHCENTURY CENTEREDONTHEENVIRONMENT4HEDAMMINGOF"LACK#ANYON JUSTWEST OFTHE'RAND#ANYON BYTHE(OOVER$AM INSPIREDASPREEOFDAM BUILDING INTHE7ESTERN53"UREAUOF2ECLAMATIONPROPOSALSINCLUDEDDAMMINGTHE 'REEN2IVERINNORTHWEST#OLORADO THE3AN*UANIN.EW-EXICO ANDTHE #OLORADOITSELFATBOTH!RIZONAS"RIDGE#ANYONAND5TAHS'LEN#ANYON4HE AXEVENTUALLYFELLON'LEN #ANYON WHICHDESPITEPRAISEFROM*OHN7ESLEY 0OWELLWASALMOSTCOMPLETELYUNKNOWN 4HE STORY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'LEN #ANYON $AM AND CREATION OF ,AKE 0OWELLISTOLDINFULLONP-OSTENVIRONMENTALISTSREGARDITASADISASTER AND ITSEASYTOFORGETTHATALTHOUGHTHE'RAND#ANYONITSELFHASNOTBEENDAMMED THE DAM AT 'LEN #ANYON HAS UTTERLY CHANGED THE CHARACTER OF THE #OLORADO 2IVER AND THUS THE ECOLOGY OF THE INNER 'RAND #ANYON!T LEAST NO FURTHER DAMSHAVEBEENBUILTGREENACTIVISTS FOREXAMPLE HALTEDPLANSTOCONSTRUCTTHE "RIDGE#ANYON$AMONTHE(UALAPAIRESERVATIONINTHES DESPITETHE EAGERNESSOFTHE(UALAPAITHEMSELVESSEEP  #OMMERCIAL LOGGING AND MINING WERE lNALLY BANNED FROM THE 'RAND #ANYONWHENTHEPARKBOUNDARIESWEREREDRAWNANDENLARGEDIN0RESI DENT #LINTON FOLLOWED 2OOSEVELTS EXAMPLE IN  BY USING HIS PRESIDENTIAL PREROGATIVE TO PROTECT TWO VAST ENCLAVES WITHIN THE OVERALL 'RAND #ANYON ECOSYSTEM PROCLAIMINGTHE  ACRE6ERMILION#LIFFS.ATIONAL-ONU MENTSEEP ANDTHEMILLION ACRE'RAND#ANYONn0ARASHANT.ATIONAL -ONUMENT SEE P  &EARS PERSIST HOWEVER THAT URANIUM MINING MAY RETURN TO AREAS JUST OUTSIDE THE PARK ALONG THE 3OUTH 2IM AS EVIDENCED BY (AVASUPAICONCERNOVERTHEPROSPECTIVE#ANYON-INESEEP 

'EOLOGY

4

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\'EOLOGY

HE MEREST GLANCE AT THE 'RAND #ANYON REVEALS THAT THIS VAST LANDSCAPE ISCOMPOSEDOFLAYERUPONLAYEROFDIFFERENTKINDSOFROCK EACHWITHITS OWNDISTINCTCOLORANDTEXTURE3OMELAYERSFORMTHINSTRIPES SOMESHEER CLIFFSHUNDREDSOFFEETTALLOTHERSVARYINWIDTHANDINPLACESMAYDISAP PEARALTOGETHER4AKENASAWHOLE HOWEVER THECONSISTENCYOFTHESEHORIZONTAL BANDS IDENTIlABLETHROUGHOUTTHECANYON ACTSASAREASSURINGCOUNTERPOINTTO THEBEWILDERINGCOMPLEXITYOFTHETERRAIN WITHITSTANGLEOFBUTTES MESAS AND SIDECANYONS 'EOLOGISTSOFTENTALKOFhREADINGvTHEVARIOUSSTRATALIKEABOOK WHICHTELLSTHE STORYNOTONLYOFTHECANYONBUTALSOOFTHEEARTHITSELF7HATMAKESTHE'RAND #ANYON SUCH A GOOD READ IS THAT ITS VERY RARE FOR SUCH AN EVEN UNDISTURBED SETOFROCKLAYERSTOEXISTSOHIGHABOVESEALEVEL ANDUNIQUEFORTHEMTOBE EXPOSED TO VIEW TO SUCH AN AMAZING DEPTH #OMMON SENSE TELLS US THAT THE DEEPESTLAYERSARETHEOLDEST ANDTHESAGADOESINDEEDSTARTATTHEBOTTOM ALMOST TWOBILLIONYEARSAGO7HATSLESSOBVIOUS HOWEVER ISTHATINGEOLOGICTERMS THECANYONISNOTOLDBUTVERYNEW4HEPROCESSESTHATPUTALLTHOSEBURIEDSTRATA INTOPLACEWEREENTIRELYSEPARATEFROMTHOSETHATCREATEDTHECANYONITSELF !TVARIOUSTIMES THEREGIONTHATNOWHOLDSTHE'RAND#ANYONHASLAINUNDER WATER OR AT THE EDGE OF A VERY DIFFERENT CONTINENT OREVENEMBEDDEDINTHE PLANETSONEMASSIVESUPERCONTINENT!SITSWIRLEDAROUNDTHEGLOBE ITALSOSPENT LONGPERIODSATTHEEQUATOR5NTILLESSTHANSIXMILLIONYEARSAGO THEREWASNO CANYONHERE4HENTHE#OLORADO0LATEAUSTARTEDTORISE SOMEHOWCLIMBING SEVERALTHOUSANDFEETWITHOUTGREATLYDEFORMINGITSTHICKLAYERSOFSEDIMENTARY ROCK ANDITSMANYRIVERSBEGANTOCUTDEEPERANDDEEPER 7HILE SCIENTISTS STILL CANT DECIDE QUITE HOW IT HAPPENED THE CANYON TOOK SHAPEQUICKLY)THADACQUIREDESSENTIALLYITSPRESENTFORMAMILLIONYEARSAGOAND SINCETHENHASONLYBURROWEDAFURTHERlFTYFEET!NEWPHASEBEGANIN WHEN COMPLETION OF THE 'LEN #ANYON $AM RENDERED THE #OLORADO 2IVER BARELYCAPABLEOFMAINTAININGTHECANYON LETALONEENLARGINGIT

4HESTORYINTHESTONE !LMOSTEVERYROCKLAYERVISIBLEFROMTHERIMOFTHE'RAND#ANYONISSEDIMEN TARYANDWASORIGINALLYDEPOSITEDONTHEBEDORALONGTHESHORELINEOFASHAL LOWPRIMEVALSEA3UCHROCKSCANBEFURTHERSUBDIVIDEDINTOSANDSTONE WHICH CONSISTSMOSTLYOFSAND PERHAPSMIXEDWITHALITTLESILTORCLAY ANDCEMENTED WITHSILICAORCALCITELIMESTONE WHICHISLARGELYBIOLOGICAL COMPRISINGDEAD SEACREATURESANDTHEIRSHELLSANDMUDSTONESUCHASSHALEANDSILTSTONE CARRIED DOWNTOTHESEABYRIVERSASMOUNTAINRANGESRISEANDFALL 4HEREARETWOOTHERTYPESOFROCKINTHECANYON)GNEOUSlRE FORMED ROCKS WELLUPFROMTHEDEPTHSOFTHE%ARTH BOTHINTHEOCEANALONGTHEEDGESOFTHE LITHOSPHERICPLATESTHATHOLDTHESEPARATECONTINENTSANDVIAVOLCANICACTIONON THESURFACE-ETAMORPHICROCKSARETHOSETHATHAVEBEENALTEREDBYHEATAND PRESSUREOVERTIME WHICHHAPPENSESPECIALLYWHENCONTINENTSCOLLIDE 4HEOLDESTROCKSOFALL INTHE6ISHNUSCHISTLAYER AREBOTHIGNEOUSANDMETA MORPHIC4HISGNARLED DENSEBEDOFDARKGRANITEnWHICHISNOTONLYEXPOSED ATRIVERLEVEL BUTFORMSTHEENTIRETHOUSAND FOOT DEEP'RANITE'ORGEnWAS



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\'EOLOGY 

©54HE©UPPERMOST©STRATA©OF©THE©'RAND©#ANYON ©AT©"RIGHT©!NGEL©0OINT

ORIGINALLYDEPOSITEDBYLAVAmOWSBILLIONYEARSAGO7HILETHATMAKESIT OLDBYANYSTANDARD THEOLDESTVISIBLEROCKSONTHEPLANET DATINGBACKALMOST FOUR BILLION YEARS LIE ALONG THE SHORE OF THE 'REAT 3LAVE ,AKE IN #ANADAS .ORTHWEST4ERRITORIES 4HE6ISHNUSCHISTSUBSEQUENTLYMETAMORPHOSEDWHEN THESEABEDONWHICHITRESTEDCOLLIDEDWITHWHATBECAMETHE.ORTH!MERICAN CONTINENT AROUND  BILLION YEARS AGO AND THE SCHIST BECAME THREADED WITH VEINS OF PINK :OROASTER GRANITE ,IFE HAD ALREADY ESTABLISHED ITS lRST TENTATIVE FOOTHOLDON%ARTHDURINGTHIS0RECAMBRIAN%RA BUTNOFOSSILSCOULDHOPETO SURVIVESUCHANINFERNOOFMOLTENROCK )NPARTSBUTNOTALLOFTHECANYON AFURTHERMEDLEYOFBOTHIGNEOUSANDSEDI MENTARY0RECAMBRIANROCKSLIESIMMEDIATELYABOVETHE6ISHNUSCHIST7HEREIT EXISTSFOREXAMPLE INTHE$ESERT6IEWVICINITY THIS'RAND#ANYON3UPER GROUP IS IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZABLE BECAUSE UNUSUALLY FOR THE CANYON THE NORMALLYHORIZONTALSTRATAARETILTEDATATWENTY DEGREEANGLE )FWETHINKOFEACHLAYERASBEINGAPAGEOFTHECANYONSGREATGEOLOGICTEXT BOOK THENWEHAVETOBEARINMINDTHATMANYPAGESAREMISSINGALTOGETHER*UST ASTHEREAREERASWHENNEWSTRATAAREBEINGADDED THEREAREALSOPERIODS LIKE OUROWN WHENNOTONLYISNOTHINGNEWBEINGDEPOSITED BUTPREEXISTINGLAYERS LIEEXPOSEDTOTHEELEMENTSANDERODEAWAY3UCHGAPSINTHERECORDAREKNOWN ASUNCONFORMITIES4HEMOSTOBVIOUS DUBBEDTHE'REAT5NCONFORMITYBY *OHN7ESLEY0OWELL ISTHELINETHATSEPARATESTHE0RECAMBRIANROCKSOFTHEINNER GORGEFROMTHESEDIMENTARYSTRATAOFTHE0ALEOZOIC%RAABOVE)TSESPECIALLY STRIKINGWHENTHE'RAND#ANYON3UPERGROUPISABSENT REPRESENTINGANINTER LUDEOFABILLIONYEARS $URING THE 0ALEOZOIC %POCH WHICH LASTED FROM  MILLION UNTIL  MILLIONYEARSAGO MUCHOFWHATSNOW.ORTH!MERICAWASCOVEREDBYWATER 4HE OLDEST 0ALEOZOIC GROUPS CONSIST OF THREE CONSECUTIVE STRATA n 4APEATS SANDSTONE "RIGHT!NGELSHALE AND-UAVLIMESTONEnWHICHCOLLECTIVELY FORMTHE4ONTO'ROUP ASSEENINTHEBROAD4ONTO0LATFORM ATFT%ACHIN TURNWASCREATEDFARTHEROFFSHORE WHICHISTHOUGHTTOREmECTINCREASINGLYHIGH WATERLEVELS POSSIBLYDUETOMELTINGPOLARICECAPS .EXTCOMESANOTHERUNCONFORMITY FOLLOWEDBYTHE4EMPLE"UTTE&ORMA TION FROM THE $EVONIAN %RA AND THE DISTINCTIVE 2EDWALL LIMESTONE LAYER

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\'EOLOGY

RESPONSIBLEFORTHEFTCLIFFSTHATPOSESUCHAPROBLEMONMANYINNERCANYON TRAILS $ESPITE ITS NAMESAKE COLOR THE 2EDWALL IS NOT NATURALLY RED BUT DYED BYLEACHINGFROMTHEIRON RICHROCKSOFTHETHICK3UPAI'ROUPABOVE4HESE MINGLELIMESTONE SANDSTONE SHALE ANDSILTSTONE TESTIFYINGTOANERAWHENTHE COASTLINEREPEATEDLYROSEANDFELL 4HE 0ALEOZOIC ENDS WITH A lNAL FOUR PART SEQUENCE (ERMIT SHALE LEFT BY RIVERSONACOASTALPLAINPALE#OCONINOSANDSTONE THESOLIDIlEDDUNESFROM AWINDSWEPTANCIENTDESERTTHE4OROWEAP&ORMATION AMIXTUREOFLIMESTONE ANDSHALETHATONCEMORELAYBENEATHTHEWAVESANDTHE+AIBAB&ORMATION ASIMILARBUTHARDERBLENDTHATTOPSTHECANYONRIMALLTHEWAYFROM,EES&ERRY TOTHEHEARTOFTHENATIONALPARK !NDTHERETHESTORYSTOPS ROUGHLYMILLIONYEARSAGO ATWHICHPOINTALL THEWORLDSLANDMASSESWEREJAMMEDTOGETHERINAGIANTSUPERCONTINENTKNOWN AS0ANGAEA!LTHOUGHONLYTHETINIESTTRACESOFANYTHINGNEWERSURVIVEATTHE 'RAND#ANYON ITSTHOUGHTTHATANOTHERFOURORlVETHOUSANDFEETOFROCKWAS DEPOSITEDONTOPDURINGTHE-ESOZOIC%RA4HOSEARETHEROCKSTHATFORMTHE .AVAJOSANDSTONEOF!RIZONASSPECTACULAR#ANYONDE#HELLY ANDTHEMULTI COLORED SHALES OF THE NEARBY 0AINTED $ESERT4HE CANYON IS RICH IN MARINE FOSSILS BUTITHOLDSNOTHINGFROMTHEAGEOFTHEDINOSAURS WHICHENDEDAMERE MILLIONYEARSAGO 4HOSElNALBLANKPAGESDOHOLDONELASTFOOTNOTE HOWEVER!SERIESOFLAVA CASCADES INUNDATED THE WESTERN CANYON DURING THE LAST THREE MILLION YEARS CULMINATING AROUND  MILLION YEARS AGO WHEN THE LARGEST mOW CREATED THE 0ROSPECT $AM 4HAT BACKED UP THE #OLORADO INTO A LAKE THAT STRETCHED EVENFARTHERUPSTREAMTHANMODERN DAY,AKE0OWELLANDTOOKAROUNDTWENTY THOUSANDYEARSTOERODEAWAY6OLCANOESREMAINACTIVEINTHEVICINITY3UNSET #RATER NEAR&LAGSTAFFSEEP LASTERUPTEDIN

4HEPOWEROFEROSION 4HEPHYSICALMECHANISMSTHATHAVESCULPTEDTHE'RAND#ANYONAREWELLUNDER STOOD NOTLEASTBECAUSETHEYREMAINACTIVETODAY!LLFALLUNDERTHEBROADHEAD INGOFEROSION WITHWATERASTHEDOMINANTFORCE7HATEVERINTUITIONMIGHT SUGGEST HOWEVER THE#OLORADO2IVERALONEDIDNOTCARVETHECANYON4HERIVER ONLYOPERATESATRIVERLEVEL SOWHILEITSRESPONSIBLEFORTHEDEPTHOFTHECANYON nANDCONTINUESTOSCOURITSWAYDEEPERnITDIDLITTLETOCREATEITSWIDTH4HE FANTASTICPYRAMIDSANDMESASTHATTOWERABOVETHECENTRALGORGEARETHERESULTOF THEINTERPLAYOFWATER WIND GRAVITY ANDEXTREMECYCLESOFHEATANDCOLD %ROSION IS OFTEN PICTURED AS A GRADUAL PROCESS UNDER WHICH GRAINS OF SAND TUMBLEONEBYONEFROMTHERIM)NFACT THECANYONHASBEENSHAPEDTOAMUCH GREATER EXTENT BY CATACLYSMIC EVENTS NONE MORE SO THAN mASH mOODS4HE VERYFACTTHATTHE'RAND#ANYONSITSAMIDADESERTMEANSTHATWHATRAINDOES FALL CAN HAVE A DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT4HERES LITTLE SOIL COVER TO ABSORB THE MONSOON LIKETHUNDERSTORMSTHATHITTHEREGIONEACHYEAR ESPECIALLYINLATE*ULY AND!UGUST)NSTEADTHEYPOURONTOBARESTONEANDQUICKLYGATHERINTOSTORM CHANNELSTHATFEEDINTURNINTOSIDECANYONSANDTHEMAINCANYON6ASTQUANTI TIESOFMUDANDROCKAREPICKEDUPANDSWEPTALONGINTHESEVIOLENTUPHEAVALS WIDENINGTHEOLDROUTESDOWNTOTHERIVERANDBATTERINGOUTNEWONES !NEVENMOREFEARSOMEPHENOMENONISDEBRISmOW INWHICHAMORASSOF GRAVEL STONE ANDSANDBECOMESSUFlCIENTLYSODDENAFTERRAINSTHATITBEGINSTO



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\'EOLOGY

mOWLIKECONCRETE3UCHmOWSOCCURSOMEWHEREINTHECANYONROUGHLYTWICE EVERYYEAR/NECREATED#RYSTAL2APIDINANOTHER IN-ONUMENT#REEKIN  THREWBOULDERSWEIGHINGASMUCHTONSEACHINTOTHE#OLORADO 3UBTLERACTIVITYCANPRODUCEEQUALLYSPECTACULARRESULTS3OMEOFTHEWATERTHAT FALLSASRAINORSNOWlNDSITSWAYINTOCRACKSINTHEEARTH!SITSUBSEQUENTLY FREEZESANDEXPANDS THEWATERCHISELSVASTSLABSOFSTONEAWAYFROMTHEIRMOOR INGS UNSEENANDUNSUSPECTEDUNTILONEDAYAMIGHTYROCKFALLSHATTERSTHEPEACE OFTHECANYON -ANY OF THE SIDE CANYONS IN WHICH SO MUCH OF THIS ACTIVITY TAKES PLACE FOLLOW COURSES ORIGINALLY CREATED BY EARTHQUAKES AND ONLY LATER WIDENED BY WATERSEISMICACTION INCLUDINGTHEOCCASIONALEARTHQUAKE STILLCONTINUES-AJOR CRACKS INCLUDE THE "RIGHT !NGEL &AULT WHICH MADE POSSIBLE THE CORRIDOR HIKING TRAILS BETWEEN THE 3OUTH AND .ORTH RIMS AND THE 4OROWEAP &AULT DOWNSTREAM4HE SIDE CANYONS TEND TO BE SO BARREN AND DRY THAT VISITORS ARE INCLINEDTOTHINKOFTHEMASSOMEHOWPERIPHERALTOTHE'RAND#ANYONPROPER SEETHEMROARINTOLIFEAFTERASTORM ANDYOULLBEINNODOUBTASTOTHEIMPOR TANTPARTTHEYVEPLAYEDINITSCREATION 4HE EFFECTS OF EROSION VARY ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT ROCK STRATA#LIFFS ARE USUALLYCOMPOSEDOFSANDSTONEORLIMESTONEDEPOSITEDINBROADBANDS WHICH ERODE SLOWLY WHEREAS SLOPES COMPRISE CONSTANTLY CRUMBLING SHALES!SSORTED COMBINATIONSOFROCK PILEDUPLIKEALAYERCAKEANDERODINGATDIFFERINGSPEEDS HAVERESULTEDINTHEBIZARREMONUMENTSSOCONSPICUOUSTOWARDTHEEASTERNEND OF THE CANYON "ROAD mAT HARD CAPPED MESAS ERODE TO FORM SMALLER BUTTES TALLER THAN THEY ARE WIDE OR POTENTIALLY THE PYRAMIDS KNOWN AT THE 'RAND #ANYONASTEMPLES)TWAS#LARENCE$UTTON ASTUDENTOFCOMPARATIVERELIGION WHO WROTE THE lRST 'EOLOGICAL 3URVEY REPORT ON THE CANYON IN  WHO STARTEDTHECUSTOMOFNAMINGPROMINENTCANYONFEATURESn"RAHMA4EMPLE 3HIVA4EMPLE 6ISHNU4EMPLE ANDSOONnFORRELIGIOUSARCHITECTURE(ONOR INGHISTRADITIONWERELATERCARTOGRAPHERSSUCHAS&RAN OIS-ATTHES WHONAMED +RISHNA3HRINEAND7ALHALLA0LATEAU 4ORETURNlNALLYTOTHE#OLORADO2IVER EVENIFITHASNTBEENASINSTRUMENTAL ANEROSIVEFORCE THECRUCIALROLEITHASPLAYEDISTOCARRYALLTHEDEBRISAWAY)T WOULDTAKEAROUNDATHOUSANDCUBICMILESOFROCKTOlLLINTHE'RAND#ANYON ASWESEEITTODAY ANDTHATSHOWMUCHTHE#OLORADOHASREMOVED/RIGINALLY THE DEBRIS WAS DEPOSITED TOWARD THE RIVER MOUTH IN THE 'ULF OF #ALIFORNIA THUSRENEWINGTHESEDIMENTATIONCYCLE!FTER THE#OLORADOSETABOUTlLL INGIN,AKE -EAD BEHINDTHE(OOVER$AM7HATNOWWORRIESSCIENTISTSIS THATTHE#OLORADOSIMPLYISNTITSELFANYMORE&LASHmOODSSTILLSWEEPTHESIDE CANYONSANDHURLDEBRISINTOTHERIVER BUTTHECOLDSTEADYSTREAMTHATSALLOWED THROUGHTHE'LEN#ANYON$AMNOLONGEREXPERIENCESSURGESOFITSOWN ANDIT NOLONGERHASTHEBRUTESTRENGTHNECESSARYTOCLEARAWAYOBSTACLESTHROWNINTO ITSPATH!NYYEARNOW SOMENEWDEBRISmOWMAYCREATEAMONSTERRAPIDTHE #OLORADOCANTREMOVE

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5PWBS
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CVTFT
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4QSJOHT
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TIVUUMFT


]

HBT

* /%& 9



&

/PSUI
3JN
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HIKING
 o GFFT
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HIKINGªTRAILS #PVDIFS
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  HOSTELS

]

* /%& 9



%V#FBV
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2

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o DPNNFSDJBM
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4 TBGFUZ
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UIF

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3BQJE
  4PVUI
#BTT
5SBJM
  4PVUI
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5SBJM

 3OUTHª2IM
 o 3OUTH«2IM« 

]

QBDLBHF
UPVST
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  1BJOUFE
%FTFSU
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3JWFS
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4PVUI
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CVTFT


* /%& 9



1

1PXFMM
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8FTMFZ
 

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7JMMBHF

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1PJOU
 



5

]

* /%& 9



5BOOFS
#FBDI
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5SBJM
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4IVUUMF

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5SBJM
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UIF


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DIFDLT
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XJUI
DIJMESFO
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5VTBZBO
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7 7BMMF
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1MBUFBV
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8 8BIXFBQ
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3JN
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1MBUFBV
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9 9BOUFSSB
 

: :BLJ
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.BQ
TZNCPMT NBQT
BSF
MJTUFE
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