The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010

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From World Development Indicators

The Little Data Book on

Private Sector Development

Economic and social context Investment climate Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure

2010

THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

Copyright ©2010 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2010 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8247-9 eISBN: 978-0-8213-8448-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8247-9 SKU: 18247 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K.

Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2010

iii

Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is based on World Development Indicators 2010 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Alison Kwong, Raymond Muhula, and William Prince. The Investment Climate Department’s project coordinator was Shokraneh Minovi. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.

iv

2010


Preface The global financial crisis has led to rising interest in private sector development and economic growth. There is strong evidence that crises can stimulate investment climate reform. A better investment climate makes economic adjustment easier and helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Well functioning finance markets and a robust private sector are critical in increasing productivity and growth and spreading equality of opportunity. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank’s Doing Business project and Enterprise Surveys. These data sources report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessments of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful.


2010

v

Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2008 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. •

Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted.

•

Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.

•

Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.

Symbols used: ..

indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data.

0 or 0.0

indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.

$

indicates current U.S. dollars.

Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.

vi

2010


Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe


2010

1

World 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

6,084.9 6,697.3 2,755.9 3,102.8 5.5 6.4 5,264 8,654 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.0 29.1 27.7 19.3 17.7 67.3 69.3

Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

2

2010

2008


24.5 24.6

28.9 28.9

.. .. .. .. ..

36 8 51.2 3.0 48.3

8.6 1.8

11.0 4.1

.. 4.8 21.6 ..

.. 3.0 21.7 ..

–0.1 .. 98.8 92.5 8.7 9.5 130.5

–0.9 .. 92.2 80.6 9.0 3.2 129.7

7.0

6.0

43.2 2,389

.. 2,846

12.3 6.8

60.8 23.9

East Asia & Pacific 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,807.1 1,929.6 985.3 1,079.8 3.6 4.7 904 2,644 6.0 9.1 14.6 12.2 44.3 47.0 30.7 32.8 41.0 40.9

35.5 31.3

40.4 34.5

.. .. .. .. ..

42 8 56.7 3.1 38.0

8.2 1.1

8.5 1.2

17,993 2.6 30.5 8.9

10,579 3.3 37.8 18.3

–2.6 .. 104.6 45.8 .. .. 101.1

–1.1 .. 105.8 47.7 .. .. 99.8

6.9

5.1

34.3 879

.. 1,883

5.8 1.9

52.9 19.4



2008

2010

3

Europe & Central Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

440.5 195.0 10.5 2,011 2.7 9.5 34.0 19.5 56.5

443.3 200.0 6.9 7,350 6.2 6.7 32.4 17.9 60.8

35.1 31.8

34.3 34.9

.. .. .. .. ..

19 7 25.0 3.0 44.5

8.6 1.3

11.5 2.9

15,425 2.2 19.9 17.0

45,191 4.4 22.8 18.7

1.6 .. 25.9 24.9 12.8 10.4 17.4

0.3 .. .. .. 12.2 4.4 43.0

13.6

6.2

66.5 3,302

.. 3,958

7.5 2.5

109.9 28.6


4

2010

2008


Latin America & Caribbean 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

512.4 221.0 9.0 3,802 3.0 5.6 29.7 18.3 64.7

566.1 264.5 7.3 6,768 3.9 6.6 32.7 17.6 60.6

20.1 21.2

24.0 24.1

.. .. .. .. ..

67 10 55.6 3.2 48.5

7.2 1.3

6.6 2.1

37,252 3.9 18.7 ..

40,851 3.0 21.1 16.2

.. .. 42.7 31.0 9.6 7.5 27.7

.. .. 54.9 40.1 9.7 2.5 38.8

8.5

7.9

24.3 1,582

.. 1,866

12.1 3.8

80.3 28.9



2008

2010

5

Middle East & North Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

6

2010


2008

280.5 89.1 14.1 1,618 4.5 12.5 43.3 12.5 44.2

325.2 111.1 10.6 3,237 4.8 10.6 43.0 11.7 46.4

26.8 25.6

38.2 33.3

.. .. .. .. ..

23 9 54.8 3.5 41.6

12.9 0.4

10.1 0.5

1,310 1.2 22.0 14.0

3,942 4.6 24.8 15.0

.. .. 46.9 44.7 .. .. 38.4

1.7 .. 47.0 53.2 .. .. 35.8

4.9

4.3

68.4 1,043

75.6 1,435

2.2 0.9

58.0 18.9

South Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,362.4 1,545.1 515.4 618.6 4.5 5.3 442 963 5.4 7.3 23.9 18.0 25.8 28.5 15.4 16.4 50.3 53.5

14.2 15.9

21.4 28.2

.. .. .. .. ..

28 7 75.8 4.5 40.0

3.7 0.1

2.7 0.2

3,027 0.7 22.2 15.8

33,367 3.3 32.0 23.8

–4.0 64.6 38.6 39.0 4.9 19.5 27.7

–2.2 61.3 65.0 61.4 6.4 9.1 49.5

6.9

6.6

30.4 359

56.9 482

0.3 0.5

32.6 4.7



2008

2010

7

Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

8

2010


2008

671.8 263.1 .. 486 3.2 16.5 29.3 14.8 54.2

819.3 327.2 .. 1,077 5.2 12.3 33.0 14.8 54.7

32.4 30.7

36.2 38.8

.. .. .. .. ..

44 9 66.2 3.4 67.6

6.6 0.1

6.6 0.5

2,787 2.0 16.2 11.7

11,759 3.5 22.4 14.9

.. .. 40.0 31.2 .. .. 61.4

.. .. 42.8 34.0 .. .. 58.5

12.6

10.0

12.1 490

.. 550

1.8 0.5

33.3 6.5

Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $975 or less in 2008. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $975 but less than $11,906. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,855. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,906 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain.


2010

9

Low income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

10

2010


2008

824.7 357.9 .. 290 4.5 32.0 24.2 12.1 43.8

976.2 441.4 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

25.4 31.9

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. ..

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4

7.0 0.1

18.2 0.5

886 1.9 20.4 12.6

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1

.. .. 25.1 20.3 .. .. 20.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

12.5

10.8

12.1 255

.. 324

0.4 0.2

28.5 4.6

Middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

4,249.9 4,652.3 1,911.0 2,159.8 5.5 6.4 1,321 3,251 4.1 6.4 10.9 9.5 35.5 37.1 21.5 21.6 53.6 53.5

Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)


27.2 25.6

31.3 30.2

.. .. .. .. ..

40 8 49.1 3.1 42.0

8.4 1.2

10.0 2.3

88,129 146,632 2.7 3.5 22.8 27.7 13.6 17.8

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

2008

.. .. 60.8 37.3 9.5 11.2 50.9

–0.6 .. 69.1 43.9 9.7 3.9 62.6

8.3

6.4

37.6 1,109

.. 1,666

5.2 1.8

56.8 17.3

2010

11

Lower middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

3,361.5 3,703.0 1,527.1 1,727.9 4.3 5.5 771 2,073 5.5 8.3 16.8 13.4 39.5 41.1 24.4 26.6 43.7 45.5

27.2 25.5

35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. ..

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1

8.6 0.5

8.8 1.0

21,192 2.1 27.2 11.4

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6

–3.0 .. 78.2 40.8 8.8 16.8 71.1

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

8.6

6.6

37.6 720

.. 1,310

3.4 1.2

47.0 13.9


12

2010

2008


Upper middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

888.4 383.9 11.5 3,399 2.9 6.0 32.0 18.7 62.0

949.3 432.0 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.2 25.7

27.8 27.2

.. .. .. .. ..

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3

8.4 1.9

10.8 3.5

59,807 3.3 19.0 13.5

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9

.. .. 44.5 34.0 9.5 8.1 33.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

7.8

6.2

41.8 2,581

.. 3,052

11.8 4.2

95.3 30.6



2008

2010

13

Low and middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

5,074.6 5,628.5 2,268.9 2,601.3 5.4 6.4 1,153 2,780 4.1 6.4 11.8 10.0 35.0 36.8 21.1 21.3 53.2 53.2

Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

2010

27.1 25.8

31.4 30.7

.. .. .. .. ..

41 9 55.1 3.3 51.5

8.1 0.9

10.4 2.0

47,450 153,045 2.7 3.6 22.7 27.6 13.6 17.8

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

14

2008


.. .. 59.7 36.8 .. 11.6 49.9

–0.6 .. 68.7 43.6 .. 4.1 61.9

8.6

6.5

24.3 995

.. 1,478

4.4 1.6

52.2 15.3

Euro area 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

311.6 143.3 9.3 21,943 2.8 2.5 27.8 19.9 69.7

326.1 147.6 7.5 38,839 1.8 1.7 26.5 18.2 71.8

36.8 36.2

41.1 39.9

.. .. .. .. ..

15 6 36.5 1.6 45.9

8.6 2.5

8.9 3.8

.. 10.2 21.4 ..

.. 3.1 21.4 ..

0.0 60.5 .. .. 6.3 2.8 97.9

–0.7 51.7 .. .. 6.1 2.6 126.4

4.4

3.3

95.4 6,371

100.0 6,963

60.4 22.8

121.9 62.6



2008

2010

15

High income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,010.3 1,068.7 487.0 501.5 6.1 5.9 25,918 39,688 3.1 2.3 1.8 1.5 27.9 25.7 18.9 16.8 70.3 72.8


16

2010

2008


23.9 24.3

28.1 28.5

.. .. .. .. ..

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2

9.2 3.6

11.5 7.5

.. 5.3 21.4 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..

0.1 55.1 110.3 91.7 6.9 3.8 149.1

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

4.2

3.9

90.0 9,169

87.0 9,753

51.1 31.5

106.1 69.1

Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.

Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.

Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available.

Moldova GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Transnistria. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.

Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.

Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.


2010

17

Afghanistan South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2008

Lowincome group 2008

23.6 7.4 .. .. .. 45.2 19.7 15.0 35.1 .. 47.4 30.6 61.6

29.0 9.3 8.5 370 11.8 31.6 26.3 16.2 42.1 22.7 50.3 17.2 52.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

160 7 4 30.0 .. 36.4 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.8 28.8 1.4 45.8 8.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

70 .. 11.6 1.1

185 2.8 27.6 8.7

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.2 9.6 .. .. .. .. 8.9 9.6 ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

13.3 .. .. 0.0 0.0

29.3 .. 20.3 27.2 1.7

12.1 324

Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)


18

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Albania Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008

3.1 1.3 22.7 1,170 5.2 29.1 19.0 11.4 51.9 0.1 143.7 19.1 37.5

3.1 1.4 .. 3,840 5.4 20.8 19.6 19.6 59.6 3.4 83.9 31.2 59.4

Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.1 0.5

82 5 5 56.0 .. 44.9 10 13.5 0.9

11.4 83.8 10.4 27.4 14.0

18.7 22.4 12.4 41.7 24.6


102 3.9 24.7 18.1

64 7.6 32.4 23.9

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–6.7 51.9 32.4 40.9 .. .. 4.7 17.0 13.8

–3.0 .. 43.4 51.6 6.7 6.6 36.0 10.3 6.2

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

39.0 1,218 .. 1.0 0.1

.. 1,186 37.8 99.9 23.9

37.6 1,310



2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

19

Algeria Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income


2008

30.5 11.1 29.8 1,610 3.2 8.9 58.6 7.5 32.5 0.3 75.3 41.2 21.4

34.4 14.5 13.8 4,190 4.3 6.9 62.1 4.6 31.0 4.4 64.6 47.5 23.5

Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

136 24 14 17.0 2.5 72.0 .. 10.1 0.5

.. .. 27.6 124.9 ..

25.1 15.0 8.9 49.1 5.0


472 0.8 20.7 12.9

1,138 1.6 27.0 10.5

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. 62.1 33.1 24.0 .. .. 6.0 –11.7 2.5

9.5 .. 32.7 41.1 .. .. 13.5 –2.5 6.3

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


68.9 695 .. 0.3 0.5

70.2 902 4.8 92.7 11.9

41.8 3,052

20

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

American Samoa East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008


2008

0.06 .. 5.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

.. .. .. 3.5 ..

.. .. .. 3.6 ..

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

21

Andorra High income Highincome group 2008


2008

.. .. .. .. 4.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 .. .. 36,970 6.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 76.6 70.5

87.0 9,753


22

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Angola Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008

Lower middleincome group 2008

14.3 6.2 .. 410 6.3 5.7 72.1 2.9 22.2 325.0 10.0 89.6 62.8

18.0 8.0 .. 3,340 13.5 6.6 67.8 4.8 25.7 12.5 75.0 75.6 50.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

169 68 8 58.0 6.2 53.2 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.1 14.8 2.1 60.2 5.1


68 9.6 15.1 8.9

327 2.0 12.4 1.8

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 1.3 8.3 10.6 10.4 2.0 –60.8 63.6

.. .. 7.7 10.5 .. .. 12.5 –9.2 6.3

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

10.4 86 .. 0.2 0.1

.. 185 7.6 37.6 3.1

37.6 1,310




2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

23

Antigua and Barbuda High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.08 .. 8.4 7,960 4.4 3.9 19.8 2.3 76.3 .. 2.7 70.3 75.1

0.09 .. .. 13,200 6.4 3.0 27.8 1.9 69.2 .. 2.7 51.1 75.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

50 21 8 52.0 3.0 41.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 6.5 48.1 24.9

.. 20.8 73.7 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. 72.9 11.7 7.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 75.1 7.4 6.9

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


33.0 .. .. 28.5 6.5

.. .. .. 157.7 75.0

87.0 9,753


24

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Argentina Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008

Upper middleincome group 2008

36.9 16.3 15.0 7,460 2.7 5.0 27.6 17.5 67.4 –0.9 1.0 10.9 11.5

39.9 19.1 7.3 7,190 5.3 9.8 32.3 21.2 57.9 8.6 3.1 24.5 20.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.2 0.6

118 27 15 95.0 2.8 108.1 35 7.5 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

13.8 4.3 6.9 45.9 26.9


4,863 3.7 16.2 15.2

2,620 3.0 23.3 20.4

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–5.7 .. 33.7 27.2 .. 16.0 23.9 9.9 2.7

–0.5 .. 20.3 18.5 12.9 2.7 13.7 0.3 8.4

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

29.4 2,085 .. 17.6 7.0

30.0 2,659 1.0 116.6 28.1

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

25

Armenia Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008

3.1 1.5 11.7 660 5.1 25.5 35.4 24.1 39.0 –0.8 539.5 23.4 50.5

3.1 1.6 9.6 3,350 12.4 17.8 45.0 14.7 37.2 8.9 306.0 14.7 39.8


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.9 1.2

43 15 6 13.0 1.9 36.2 20 6.8 1.9

1.9 33.7 5.3 2.3 12.6

10.3 13.3 31.9 16.3 26.9


33 5.5 18.4 15.9

686 7.8 40.0 35.2

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 10.5 7.6 14.3 17.5 9.9 33.4 13.5

–0.5 .. 11.9 10.0 23.0 4.4 17.4 8.0 10.4

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

96.8 1,295 .. 0.6 1.3

89.8 1,692 2.2 100.0 6.2

37.6 1,310


26

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Aruba High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.09 .. 7.5 .. 4.4 .. .. .. .. 4.0 1.8 69.9 91.2

0.11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 1.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. –6.5 .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 44.5 47.3 .. .. 45.2 7.7 5.9

.. .. 57.3 53.5 .. .. 57.0 9.8 7.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. .. .. 16.5 15.4

.. .. .. 114.6 22.8

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

27

Australia High income Highincome group 2008


2008

19.2 9.6 6.3 20,710 4.1 3.5 26.9 13.2 69.6 4.5 1.7 19.9 21.9

21.4 11.3 4.2 40,240 3.3 2.5 29.1 10.5 68.4 4.4 1.2 20.7 22.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

9 2 2 4.0 1.0 48.0 30 14.0 6.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 3.4 24.8 ..

.. 4.7 28.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.9 28.4 .. .. 6.9 0.5 84.2 7.1 5.1

1.5 19.4 .. .. 4.2 0.5 121.5 4.3 3.7

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

38.7 10,055 .. 44.7 46.8

.. 11,249 .. 103.2 70.8

87.0 9,753



28

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Austria High income Highincome group 2008


2008

8.0 3.9 4.7 25,830 3.0 2.0 30.8 20.6 67.2 2.4 1.1 46.4 44.7

8.3 4.3 3.8 45,900 2.2 1.9 30.9 20.1 67.2 3.2 0.7 58.8 53.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 5.2 0.6

28 28 8 2.0 1.1 55.5 25 4.6 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 4.5 24.0 ..

.. 3.5 22.4 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–2.0 65.9 .. .. 5.2 2.4 103.1 5.2 3.4

–0.7 64.5 .. .. 6.3 2.0 119.1 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 7,109 .. 76.4 33.7

100.0 8,033 .. 129.7 71.2

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

29

Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008

8.0 3.5 16.3 610 7.3 17.1 45.3 5.6 37.5 1.9 0.9 39.0 38.4

8.7 4.1 6.5 3,830 18.1 6.3 69.9 4.5 23.8 53.4 0.8 69.5 24.8


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8 0.7

38 10 6 22.0 2.7 40.9 .. 7.1 0.9

3.0 61.1 4.6 6.0 12.1

3.0 43.2 19.0 9.7 18.2


61 2.5 23.1 20.1

474 0.0 20.1 5.2

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–4.7 .. 10.3 7.5 .. 28.0 5.9 6.4 6.8

0.4 .. 14.3 10.2 .. .. 16.5 –1.0 7.5

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

92.3 2,040 .. 5.2 0.1

49.4 2,394 2.9 75.4 28.2

37.6 1,310


30

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Bahamas, The High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.30 0.16 6.9 17,040 5.5 2.0 19.3 5.4 78.7 1.6 1.0 43.3 51.9

0.34 0.18 7.9 21,390 1.3 1.6 19.7 4.5 78.7 4.5 1.0 45.3 68.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

68 31 7 26.0 5.0 47.0 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 4.5 33.8 ..

.. 9.9 37.8 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


0.4 27.4 68.2 58.5 .. .. 65.5 3.0 1.9

–1.7 36.4 90.2 71.2 .. .. 86.0 3.1 1.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


57.4 .. .. 10.3 4.3

.. .. .. 106.0 31.5

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

31

Bahrain High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.65 0.30 5.5 10,740 4.3 .. .. .. .. –0.7 0.4 89.4 64.4

0.78 0.36 .. 25,420 6.6 .. .. .. .. 3.5 0.4 96.8 74.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

20 9 7 4.0 2.5 15.0 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 4.6 13.5 ..

.. 8.2 31.9 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


8.5 29.3 55.6 63.6 .. .. 54.8 –2.3 5.9

6.4 14.7 .. .. .. .. 119.2 0.8 3.9

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

77.6 8,831 .. 31.6 6.2

79.1 14,153 .. 185.8 51.9

87.0 9,753



32

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Bangladesh South Asia

Low income


2008

140.8 62.8 3.3 350 5.2 25.5 25.3 15.2 49.2 2.2 52.1 14.0 19.2

160.0 76.8 4.3 520 5.8 19.0 28.5 17.8 52.5 8.9 68.6 20.3 28.8

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 5.7 0.0

119 44 7 104.0 4.0 35.0 30 7.9 0.1

3.7 85.8 56.5 79.6 ..

3.2 54.4 24.7 50.3 7.8


93 0.6 23.0 15.6

927 1.2 24.2 19.3

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–0.7 36.2 30.0 27.2 3.5 34.9 24.7 13.4 6.9

–1.0 36.2 51.8 49.6 6.5 11.2 39.2 7.0 6.7

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

9.5 95 .. 0.2 0.1

9.5 144 101.6 27.9 0.3

12.1 324



2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

33

Barbados High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.25 0.14 9.3 9,110 3.7 4.3 16.3 6.4 79.4 2.4 2.0 50.5 57.0

0.26 0.15 9.8 .. .. 3.8 18.4 7.3 77.9 8.1 2.0 60.0 64.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 0.8 18.4 16.2

.. 6.8 22.5 24.0

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 74.3 67.6 .. .. 65.5 9.4 5.2

–9.3 91.6 86.1 88.8 .. .. 94.6 .. 5.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


98.6 .. .. 11.3 4.0

100.0 .. .. 159.1 73.7

87.0 9,753


34

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Belarus Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

10.0 9.7 4.8 4.9 .. .. 1,380 5,360 6.7 8.6 14.2 9.8 39.2 44.4 31.6 32.9 46.7 45.8 168.6 14.8 876.8 2,136.4 69.2 61.8 72.4 69.2


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

58 6 5 22.0 5.8 99.7 24 .. ..

6.2 34.5 11.4 14.7 10.6

13.6 6.4 35.8 15.2 13.9


39 0.9 25.2 22.7

1,134 3.6 32.7 24.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


0.1 15.0 11.3 9.3 15.1 10.8 8.9 –41.2 30.1

2.4 10.7 29.5 17.7 17.4 0.6 28.8 –9.9 0.0

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


95.6 2,989 .. 0.5 1.9

88.6 3,345 1.4 84.0 32.1

41.8 3,052


2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

35

Belgium High income Highincome group 2008


2008

10.3 4.4 6.6 25,360 2.7 1.4 27.0 19.3 71.6 2.5 1.1 84.6 81.7

10.7 4.8 7.0 44,570 2.0 0.8 23.2 16.4 76.1 4.5 0.7 92.1 92.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 7.6 3.3

22 4 3 16.0 0.9 57.3 34 7.9 4.1

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 92.7 20.8 ..

.. 19.8 22.7 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


0.0 107.0 .. .. 2.8 2.8 78.1 6.0 4.4

–1.1 88.0 .. .. 3.3 1.7 94.5 6.0 5.2

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


78.2 8,247 .. 54.9 29.3

78.2 8,614 .. 110.4 68.1

87.0 9,753


36

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Belize Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008


2008

0.25 0.09 9.1 3,110 5.8 16.7 21.2 10.9 62.1 0.6 2.0 53.0 73.7

0.32 0.13 8.2 3,740 4.7 12.2 22.8 14.3 65.1 6.4 2.0 62.1 70.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

80 44 9 24.0 1.0 28.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


18 2.8 28.7 ..

75 14.0 25.5 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–2.9 .. .. .. .. .. 52.8 15.5 8.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 63.2 11.3 5.7

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


17.0 .. .. 6.7 6.0

.. .. .. 49.7 10.6

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

37

Benin Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


6.7 2.7 0.7 360 5.3 36.5 13.9 8.8 49.6 4.2 712.0 15.2 28.1

8.7 3.6 .. 700 3.9 32.2 13.4 7.5 54.4 7.9 447.8 15.2 28.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

172 31 7 36.0 4.0 73.3 38 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

20.7 26.8 4.2 86.8 7.3


90 2.6 18.9 11.3

51 1.8 20.7 14.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


0.7 .. 12.2 14.2 .. .. 12.1 .. ..

–0.3 .. 17.7 19.0 .. .. 20.9 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


20.0 60 .. 0.8 0.2

9.5 72 13.9 39.7 1.8

12.1 324


38

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Bermuda High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.06 .. 2.7 32,760 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.06 .. .. .. 4.2 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 20.9 43.5

.. .. .. 123.1 79.4

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

39

Bhutan South Asia

Lower middle income


2008


0.56 0.18 .. 730 6.2 28.4 35.3 8.5 36.3 4.0 44.9 30.5 51.3

0.69 0.29 3.2 1,900 8.6 18.7 46.1 6.5 35.2 8.4 43.5 55.9 51.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

126 46 8 10.0 .. 40.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

16.0 2.5 64.2 14.8 5.4


.. 0.0 50.6 38.6

18 2.3 46.4 35.3

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–2.5 40.2 11.1 44.2 .. .. 9.1 10.8 7.8

2.1 77.7 15.7 39.7 .. .. 25.6 9.0 9.5

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


60.7 .. .. 0.0 0.4

62.0 .. 3.1 36.5 6.6

37.6 1,310


40

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2008

8.3 3.6 4.8 1,000 3.5 15.0 29.8 15.3 55.2 4.6 6.2 18.3 27.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 9.1 0.4

9.7 4.4 .. 1,460 4.1 13.5 38.4 14.4 48.2 14.0 7.2 44.9 38.0

161 50 15 ..a 1.8 80.0 25 6.6 0.3


35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

.. .. .. .. ..

13.5 19.6 22.2 15.2 13.8


323 8.8 17.9 12.8

86 3.1 17.2 7.5

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–8.7 .. 61.8 45.9 9.8 10.3 58.7 27.9 23.6

1.2 .. 35.1 34.9 9.3 4.3 34.7 3.2 9.2

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

6.6 421 .. 7.0 1.4

7.0 515 0.8 49.8 10.8

37.6 1,310


6.6

47.0 13.9

a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2010

41

Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

3.7 1.8 .. 1,500 25.2 11.0 23.9 10.5 65.1 .. 2.1 29.6 77.9

3.8 1.9 29.0 4,520 5.4 9.1 28.5 14.1 62.4 .. 1.3 36.8 69.5


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.5 0.9

116 60 12 31.0 3.3 27.1 10 1.3 0.1

7.8 65.2 25.8 4.3 13.9

11.2 1.5 59.7 50.2 30.1


.. 2.7 21.2 10.0

12 5.7 24.4 18.7

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. 20.1 9.9 38.5 4.5 15.8

–1.5 .. .. .. 13.1 3.1 57.8 –0.7 3.5

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

52.3 2,062 .. 2.5 1.1

52.3 2,381 3.2 84.3 34.7

41.8 3,052


42

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income


2008


1.7 0.80 15.8 3,330 8.6 2.4 58.9 4.4 38.6 8.6 5.1 52.6 33.7

1.9 0.97 17.6 6,640 4.5 1.9 52.9 3.5 45.2 12.7 6.8 46.2 38.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.0

45 61 10 90.0 1.7 17.1 25 .. 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

5.0 4.5 11.3 25.5 12.7


17 0.9 21.7 11.6

52 0.8 23.4 16.2

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 15.8 23.9 10.3 1.7 13.8 3.1 6.1

.. .. 23.6 43.9 .. .. 21.1 –0.4 7.9

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


35.3 924 .. 12.9 2.9

32.6 1,435 1.7 77.3 6.2

41.8 3,052



2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

43

Brazil Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


174.2 83.4 9.3 3,870 1.7 5.6 27.7 17.2 66.7 7.0 1.8 10.0 11.7

192.0 99.9 7.9 7,300 3.6 6.7 28.0 16.0 65.3 5.7 1.8 14.3 14.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 11.2 4.0

129 120 16 46.0 4.0 69.2 34 8.7 4.1

.. .. .. .. ..

18.7 16.4 48.4 36.8 25.7


21,327 5.1 16.8 ..

23,422 2.9 19.0 15.2

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 62.9 40.5 12.1 8.3 33.0 47.7 39.6

–1.3 60.9 81.5 58.4 9.1 3.1 55.7 39.1 35.6

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

5.5 1,894 .. 13.3 2.9

.. 2,171 2.7 78.5 37.5

41.8 3,052



44

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Brunei Darussalam High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.33 0.15 .. 14,670 1.0 1.0 63.7 15.4 35.3 1.6 1.7 67.4 35.8

0.39 0.19 .. 27,050 2.1 0.7 71.0 10.4 28.3 0.1 1.4 67.7 27.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

96 116 18 4.0 2.5 30.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 1.3 13.0 ..

.. 0.8 13.0 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 73.4 105.4 .. .. 50.3 –18.2 ..

.. .. 60.2 82.5 .. .. 37.2 4.5 4.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


34.7 7,539 .. 28.5 9.0

77.2 8,393 .. 95.8 55.3

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

45

Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

8.1 3.6 17.1 1,600 –0.4 14.2 30.7 18.1 55.1 10.3 2.1 55.7 61.1

7.6 3.7 5.7 5,490 5.8 7.3 30.5 15.1 62.2 12.3 1.3 60.5 83.3


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.4 4.7

44 18 4 9.0 3.3 31.4 10 15.7 9.8

2.6 53.4 19.2 5.0 14.7

10.6 6.6 34.7 44.8 19.9


157 7.9 15.7 11.6

1,017 18.4 33.4 26.6

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–0.4 .. 16.0 21.5 15.3 17.3 12.6 4.4 8.2

3.2 .. 58.4 53.6 8.5 2.4 74.5 –0.5 6.4

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

92.1 3,724 .. 9.2 5.3

98.4 4,456 3.7 137.7 34.7

41.8 3,052


46

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


11.7 5.2 2.4 250 6.8 29.0 24.4 16.2 46.6 –0.3 712.0 9.1 25.2

15.2 6.9 .. 480 5.6 33.3 22.4 13.6 44.4 10.7 447.8 11.5 26.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0

147 14 4 34.0 4.0 44.9 .. .. 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

22.2 6.7 25.6 23.1 14.4


27 0.9 18.7 11.0

109 1.7 20.8 11.1

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 12.1 12.3 .. .. 11.7 .. ..

–4.2 .. 16.9 15.0 .. .. 18.6 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


16.0 .. .. 0.2 0.1

4.2 .. 10.8 16.8 0.9

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

47

Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008

6.5 8.1 3.1 4.4 .. .. 120 140 –0.7 2.9 40.4 34.8 18.8 20.0 8.7 8.8 40.8 45.1 24.3 24.1 720.7 1,185.7 7.8 10.7 19.9 47.0

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

176 32 11 26.0 .. 278.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.7 22.6 12.3 24.1 7.1


36 1.6 6.1 0.8

6 0.3 16.4 1.7

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–2.4 162.6 19.2 13.3 .. .. 25.0 2.3 ..

.. .. 23.6 26.9 .. .. 21.5 –6.4 ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

7.1 .. .. 0.3 0.1

10.4 .. 12.0 6.0 0.8

12.1 324


48

2010


44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Cambodia East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 12.8 14.6 Population (millions) 5.9 7.5 Labor force (millions) 2.5 7.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 280 640 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7.3 9.8 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 37.8 34.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.0 23.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 16.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.1 41.5 Services value added (% of GDP) –0.8 25.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3,840.8 4,054.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.8 65.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.8 72.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

145 85 9 39.0 .. 22.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.6 60.3 11.3 15.5 2.8


2 4.1 18.3 11.9

84 7.9 19.4 14.1

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–3.4 .. 5.9 8.1 .. .. 6.4 21.2 10.5

–1.7 .. 14.0 20.6 .. .. 23.5 11.2 14.6

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

7.5 29 .. 1.0 0.0

6.3 94 27.0 29.1 0.5

12.1 324



2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

49

Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


15.9 6.0 7.5 620 4.8 22.1 36.0 20.8 41.8 1.2 712.0 23.3 19.7

19.1 7.5 .. 1,150 3.5 19.5 30.6 16.5 49.9 5.3 447.8 29.6 29.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 39 .. ..

171 34 12 33.0 3.2 50.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.0 30.8 31.4 17.6 20.4


95 1.6 16.0 13.9

211 0.2 17.1 14.7

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


0.1 91.7 11.4 10.1 .. .. 8.2 18.6 17.0

.. .. 11.5 14.0 .. .. 10.4 12.7 10.8

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

8.1 171 .. 0.7 0.3

8.4 265 10.5 32.3 3.8

37.6 1,310



50

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Canada High income Highincome group 2008


2008

30.8 16.3 6.8 22,130 4.3 2.3 33.2 19.2 64.5 2.7 1.5 45.6 39.8

33.3 18.7 6.1 43,640 2.5 2.2 31.7 16.2 66.1 2.4 1.1 34.7 32.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 6.9 4.6

8 5 1 28.0 0.8 43.6 34 8.3 9.1

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 9.1 19.2 ..

.. 3.0 22.6 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.4 59.9 83.6 67.8 4.7 1.3 95.7 3.0 3.8

1.6 45.2 140.7 116.3 5.1 1.1 128.4 0.8 3.2

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. 16,991 .. 28.4 42.2

39.9 16,995 .. 66.3 75.3

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

51

Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


0.44 0.16 .. 1,310 6.6 12.0 17.9 9.3 70.2 –2.5 119.7 27.5 61.4

0.50 0.21 .. 2,800 5.3 8.8 18.1 6.9 73.1 6.8 75.3 21.7 59.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

146 24 9 93.0 .. 49.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

4.3 1.1 35.3 30.5 15.9


.. 6.3 19.7 7.2

5 13.3 46.6 36.6

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 46.9 50.5 .. .. 40.7 13.3 7.6

2.4 .. 57.1 65.0 .. .. 58.8 3.3 6.2

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


69.0 .. .. 4.5 1.8

.. .. 4.9 55.7 20.6

37.6 1,310


52

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Cayman Islands High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.04 .. 7.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

0.05 .. 3.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 26.6 ..

.. .. .. 84.0 42.4

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

53

Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2008


2008

3.7 1.7 .. 270 3.0 53.1 15.8 7.0 31.0 3.2 712.0 19.8 24.1

4.3 2.0 .. 410 0.5 52.9 14.2 7.6 32.9 9.3 447.8 10.8 23.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

183 22 8 22.0 4.8 203.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 0.1 9.5 4.8

3 6.1 11.6 7.1

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 7.6 3.9 .. .. 4.5 18.3 17.0

–0.5 .. 8.8 4.7 .. .. 7.0 12.2 10.8

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

2.7 .. .. 0.1 0.1

.. .. .. 3.5 0.4

12.1 324



54

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Chad Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


8.4 3.3 .. 180 3.1 42.3 11.3 8.9 46.3 3.8 712.0 16.9 34.7

10.9 4.2 .. 540 11.9 13.6 48.8 6.6 37.5 10.3 447.8 54.1 49.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

178 75 19 36.0 .. 60.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

20.8 21.2 4.2 10.6 43.3


5 8.3 20.9 10.5

99 9.9 14.1 6.2

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 5.3 3.6 .. .. 3.5 15.9 17.0

.. .. 4.8 3.9 .. .. 3.7 9.4 10.8

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

0.8 .. .. 0.1 0.0

.. .. 22.6 16.6 1.2

12.1 324




2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

55

Channel Islands High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.15 .. .. 43,010 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.15 .. .. 68,610 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,753


56

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Chile Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


15.4 6.1 8.3 4,840 3.8 6.1 38.4 19.5 55.5 3.8 539.6 31.6 29.7

16.8 7.7 7.8 9,370 4.4 3.9 43.8 13.5 52.3 8.7 522.5 45.1 41.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 12.3 2.3

49 27 9 52.0 4.5 25.3 17 11.2 2.3

.. .. .. .. ..

9.0 7.6 29.1 22.9 22.0


2,051 6.5 20.7 ..

1,695 9.9 24.0 18.2

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–0.7 .. 60.5 48.7 7.5 1.7 73.6 9.8 5.6

4.8 .. 67.0 48.9 6.9 1.0 97.7 13.0 5.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

18.4 2,487 .. 22.1 16.6

.. 3,318 1.7 88.1 32.5

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

57

China East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 1,262.6 1,324.7 Population (millions) 726.0 776.9 Labor force (millions) 3.1 4.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 930 2,940 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8.5 10.4 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 15.1 11.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 34.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.0 40.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 0.3 5.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.3 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 23.3 36.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)


35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

89 37 14 91.0 1.7 78.5 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

18.3 38.7 28.8 27.8 35.9


8,131 3.2 34.1 7.5

1,864 3.4 42.0 19.2

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–2.6 11.6 114.2 36.0 4.1 22.4 112.3 3.7 3.6

–1.4 .. 114.8 43.5 6.1 2.4 108.3 –1.8 3.1

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

.. 993 .. 6.8 1.8

49.6 2,332 .. 48.4 22.5

37.6 1,310


58

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Colombia Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 39.8 45.0 Population (millions) 15.1 18.6 Labor force (millions) 20.5 11.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2,280 4,620 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.6 4.9 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 10.4 8.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.8 36.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 59.9 54.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 9.2 7.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2,087.9 1,967.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 17.4 18.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.9 21.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)


27.8 27.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 5.4 0.9

37 20 9 59.0 3.0 78.7 33 5.8 1.0

.. .. .. .. ..

14.3 1.1 30.6 26.4 5.9


1,032 2.5 13.2 9.8

2,718 4.3 .. 19.7

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–6.2 .. 33.3 27.1 11.2 11.0 23.8 –5.6 6.6

–2.1 54.3 43.9 20.1 12.2 4.0 34.2 8.2 7.4

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


14.4 844 .. 5.7 2.2

.. 977 1.0 91.9 38.5

41.8 3,052


2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

59

Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa



2008

0.54 0.25 .. 400 1.7 48.6 11.5 4.5 39.9 .. 534.0 16.7 32.5

0.64 0.32 .. 750 2.0 45.8 12.0 4.2 42.2 .. 335.9 12.8 36.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

162 24 11 100.0 .. 41.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 0.0 10.1 6.2

0.5 1.5 16.1 8.1

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.9 7.9 9.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.5 1.4 4.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


76.5 .. .. 0.0 0.3

.. .. .. 15.3 3.6

12.1 324


60

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


50.8 18.6 .. 80 –3.8 50.0 20.3 4.8 29.7 513.9 21.8 22.4 21.4

64.3 24.0 .. 150 5.2 40.2 28.0 5.5 31.8 17.3 559.3 23.3 38.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

182 149 13 31.0 5.2 322.0 40 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 64.4 3.3 20.5 4.3


41 3.9 3.5 3.0

335 8.6 23.9 11.3

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–4.0 152.2 0.6 1.7 .. .. 0.7 –57.0 ..

.. .. 1.7 3.1 .. .. 7.1 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

.. 89 .. .. ..

1.8 97 17.5 .. ..

12.1 324




2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

61

Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


3.0 1.3 .. 580 1.9 5.3 72.2 3.5 22.5 –0.9 712.0 80.3 43.6

3.6 1.6 .. 1,790 3.9 4.1 75.0 3.8 20.9 7.3 447.8 78.7 51.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. 0.1

179 37 10 33.0 3.0 65.5 .. .. 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

6.0 37.1 7.7 8.5 19.6


35 5.2 20.9 14.0

856 24.5 20.5 11.1

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–1.3 .. 7.2 6.5 .. .. 4.8 –17.0 17.0

9.6 0.2 2.7 8.9 .. .. 3.5 24.9 10.8

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

9.7 99 .. 2.3 0.0

5.0 135 25.3 50.0 4.3

37.6 1,310



62

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


3.9 1.6 5.2 3,700 5.7 9.5 32.1 25.3 58.5 11.0 308.2 48.6 45.8

4.5 2.1 4.6 6,060 5.4 7.3 29.0 20.8 63.7 13.4 526.2 45.8 55.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

121 60 12 29.0 3.5 54.8 30 10.3 3.8

.. .. .. .. ..

9.6 .. 14.9 48.6 10.5


161 2.6 17.8 16.3

330 6.8 24.2 22.0

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. 36.2 24.7 12.1 10.8 3.5 24.0 16.7 11.5

–0.8 .. 42.3 22.2 13.3 1.5 50.8 3.3 11.7

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

22.0 1,517 .. 5.4 5.8

25.5 1,863 .. 41.7 32.3

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

63

Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


17.3 6.7 4.1 620 3.4 24.2 24.9 21.7 50.9 2.5 712.0 40.4 33.3

20.6 8.1 .. 980 0.5 25.0 26.1 18.0 48.9 6.3 447.8 46.5 38.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

168 40 10 49.0 2.2 44.7 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1.8 13.6 13.9 20.9 4.3


215 2.3 11.2 8.4

301 1.7 10.1 7.1

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 19.7 13.9 .. .. 15.5 .. ..

–0.3 96.4 17.7 16.1 .. .. 16.3 .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


9.7 166 .. 2.7 0.2

8.1 178 3.8 50.7 3.2

37.6 1,310


64

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Croatia High income


2008

4.4 2.0 16.1 5,170 3.0 8.4 28.4 20.3 63.2 4.6 8.3 42.0 45.3

4.4 2.0 8.4 13,580 4.5 6.4 28.4 16.9 65.1 6.1 4.9 41.9 50.3

Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5


.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 2.0 1.1

103 22 7 39.0 3.1 32.5 20 5.5 3.7

4.6 43.7 36.1 .. 16.3

10.9 6.0 60.0 42.6 16.5


746 5.2 18.8 14.5

719 6.9 27.6 24.1

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–5.3 .. 43.1 33.0 11.9 9.5 32.3 7.2 8.3

–1.1 .. 71.0 58.5 13.5 4.9 64.9 3.5 7.2

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

85.4 2,840 .. 23.3 6.8

89.1 3,738 1.8 132.6 50.5

87.0 9,753



2010

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

65

Cuba Latin America & Caribbean



2008

11.1 4.8 5.4 .. 4.2 6.4 47.5 38.7 46.1 .. .. 16.0 18.7

11.2 5.1 1.8 .. 3.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


600 .. 10.4 ..

60 .. .. ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

49.0 1,142 .. 0.1 0.5

.. 1,309 .. 3.0 12.9

41.8 3,052



66

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Cyprus High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.79 0.36 4.8 13,440 3.9 3.6 19.1 9.9 77.3 4.1 1.1 55.4 54.5

0.86 0.44 3.7 26,940 3.5 2.1 19.6 7.6 78.3 4.7 0.7 47.1 58.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 9.7 ..

40 8 6 64.0 1.5 28.8 10 10.5 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 9.2 17.0 ..

.. 15.5 23.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–5.5 91.4 170.3 153.3 .. .. 211.8 4.0 1.5

0.8 162.0 204.8 190.7 .. .. 257.3 3.2 3.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


60.6 4,045 .. 27.8 15.3

64.0 5,441 .. 117.9 38.8

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

67

Czech Republic High income


2008

10.3 5.1 8.8 5,800 1.0 3.9 38.1 26.8 58.0 3.9 38.6 63.4 66.4

10.4 5.2 4.4 16,650 4.6 2.5 37.6 24.7 59.9 6.4 17.1 77.1 72.5


28.1 28.5


.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..

74 15 8 22.0 6.5 47.2 21 6.7 2.3

1.7 35.9 20.4 0.0 16.5

10.4 0.2 33.4 50.2 43.5


.. 8.8 28.0 ..

.. 5.0 23.9 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–3.6 13.7 53.9 54.2 5.4 29.3 49.0 5.6 3.7

–1.5 26.6 55.7 60.5 5.7 3.3 52.8 4.3 4.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 5,694 .. 42.3 9.7

100.0 6,496 2.1 132.2 57.8

87.0 9,753


68

2010


19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Denmark High income Highincome group 2008


2008

5.3 2.9 4.5 31,840 2.8 2.6 26.8 16.2 70.6 2.9 8.1 46.6 40.5

5.5 3.0 3.3 58,800 1.6 1.3 26.1 15.0 72.6 3.4 5.1 54.7 52.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 13.8 4.3

6 6 4 .. 1.1 29.2 25 14.4 8.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 22.5 20.2 ..

.. 0.9 21.5 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.7 50.1 91.8 48.1 6.2 0.7 135.3 4.9 4.9

4.8 24.1 219.2 67.8 5.7 0.3 218.0 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 6,484 .. 63.0 39.2

100.0 6,670 .. 124.9 83.3

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

69

Djibouti Middle East & North Africa



2008

0.73 0.30 .. 760 –0.2 3.5 15.4 2.6 81.1 .. 177.7 35.1 50.4

0.85 0.38 .. 1,130 3.5 3.9 16.9 2.5 79.3 .. 177.7 59.2 80.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

163 37 11 56.0 5.0 38.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


50 0.6 8.8 6.1

300 28.9 38.9 26.2

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.1 9.5 8.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 27.8 8.2 8.1

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


45.0 .. .. 0.0 0.2

.. .. .. 13.3 2.3

37.6 1,310


70

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Dominica Latin America & Caribbean



2008

0.07 .. 11.0 3,200 2.2 18.1 23.5 8.8 58.4 0.9 2.7 53.3 67.5

0.07 .. .. 4,750 2.6 17.2 23.6 4.8 59.3 5.1 2.7 40.2 69.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

83 14 5 58.0 .. 37.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


19 6.5 28.1 8.1

5 14.6 32.7 6.9

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 76.6 69.8 .. .. 62.0 11.0 7.8

.. .. 69.1 91.5 .. .. 62.8 8.6 5.9

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


50.4 .. .. 1.7 8.4

.. .. .. 136.6 37.6

41.8 3,052



2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

71

Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


8.8 3.7 14.2 2,550 7.0 7.2 35.9 26.1 56.8 7.7 16.4 37.0 45.9

10.0 4.4 15.6 4,330 5.4 6.5 33.3 24.0 60.1 10.6 34.6 25.9 39.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

86 19 8 88.0 3.5 39.0 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

8.8 17.3 12.5 30.2 9.6


1,076 4.0 20.5 ..

33 6.3 18.2 ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. 16.7 28.0 22.8 9.4 2.6 36.8 18.6 9.1

0.3 .. 20.9 18.8 9.7 3.5 20.9 9.2 9.6

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


49.4 709 .. 8.0 3.7

.. 1,378 .. 72.4 21.6

41.8 3,052


72

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 12.3 Population (millions) 4.8 Labor force (millions) 9.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1,340 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. Industry value added (% of GDP) .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. Services value added (% of GDP) 96.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11,786.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 37.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

13.5 5.7 6.9 3,690 5.0 6.7 40.6 9.7 52.7 8.4 .. 37.8 37.7


35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

138 64 13 135.0 5.3 34.9 25 .. 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

17.3 11.3 24.0 23.3 18.2


20 4.5 20.5 15.6

1,062 1.8 23.8 10.8

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. 12.9 31.0 32.6 26.0 8.3

.. .. .. .. 8.8 2.5 26.1 4.8 7.1

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


18.9 654 .. 3.9 1.5

14.8 788 2.5 85.6 28.8

37.6 1,310


2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

73

Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income


2008


70.2 21.7 9.0 1,390 5.2 16.7 33.1 19.4 50.1 2.7 3.5 16.2 22.8

81.5 26.3 8.7 1,800 4.7 13.2 37.5 15.7 49.2 18.3 5.4 33.2 38.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

106 7 6 132.0 4.2 43.0 20 2.6 0.2

.. .. .. .. ..

8.8 5.3 5.6 92.4 21.1


864 1.2 18.9 9.1

2,054 5.9 22.4 14.5

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–6.7 37.4 74.3 63.9 5.6 13.6 58.7 7.9 3.8

–6.4 .. 68.8 81.3 5.3 14.8 42.9 0.4 5.7

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


78.1 958 .. 1.9 0.6

81.0 1,384 1.1 50.6 16.6

37.6 1,310


74

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income


2008


5.9 2.3 7.0 2,110 3.3 10.5 31.6 24.7 57.9 2.3 8.8 27.4 42.4

6.1 2.5 6.6 3,460 2.9 13.2 28.5 21.8 58.4 6.7 8.8 27.7 49.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

84 17 8 86.0 4.0 35.0 .. .. 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

9.2 2.6 17.3 22.1 11.0


277 1.3 16.9 14.2

239 3.5 15.0 12.8

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–4.7 55.3 5.2 4.8 8.8 4.3 45.2 10.5 4.6

0.3 39.4 5.0 4.3 12.7 2.8 41.3 .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


19.8 680 .. 12.5 1.2

.. 939 2.3 113.3 10.6

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

75

Equatorial Guinea High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.53 0.19 .. 1,250 36.0 9.8 85.9 1.4 4.2 4.8 712.0 98.6 85.4

0.66 0.25 .. 14,980 18.9 2.0 95.7 12.4 2.3 6.6 447.8 78.3 32.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

170 136 20 133.0 .. 59.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. 61.3 56.2

.. .. 28.2 11.4

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 2.9 3.2 .. .. 3.0 –16.8 17.0

.. .. 2.6 5.9 .. .. 4.4 16.4 10.8

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 0.9 0.1

.. .. .. 52.5 1.8

87.0 9,753



76

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


3.7 1.4 .. 170 1.5 15.1 23.0 11.2 61.9 .. 9.6 15.1 81.8

4.9 2.1 .. 300 1.3 24.3 19.2 5.5 56.5 .. 15.4 6.3 34.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

175 84 13 69.0 .. 84.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.5 .. 11.9 0.0 15.1


40 4.4 23.8 5.0

.. 2.2 10.6 1.2

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 18.4 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


21.8 .. .. 0.0 0.1

.. .. 3.0 2.2 4.1

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

77

Estonia High income


2008

1.4 0.66 12.8 4,220 6.5 4.8 27.5 17.7 67.6 4.0 17.0 84.6 88.2

1.3 0.70 5.5 14,570 7.4 2.9 29.1 16.7 68.0 10.4 10.7 75.6 79.8


28.1 28.5


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

24 7 5 35.0 3.0 49.1 21 .. ..

2.4 18.5 24.2 3.5 7.5

5.5 13.5 41.5 207.2 21.2


.. 6.8 25.7 22.9

.. 8.3 29.3 31.0

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


0.2 6.9 33.4 24.7 12.6 1.0 36.1 2.8 3.7

3.1 4.1 85.1 43.5 9.3 1.9 97.4 1.8 2.8

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

20.1 4,629 .. 40.7 28.6

28.8 6,273 1.2 188.3 66.2

87.0 9,753


78

2010


19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008

65.5 29.0 8.2 130 3.5 49.9 12.4 5.5 37.8 0.7 8.2 12.0 24.0

80.7 38.2 17.0 280 8.2 44.5 13.2 4.8 42.4 44.4 9.6 11.5 31.2

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

107 9 5 40.0 3.0 31.1 30 .. ..

2.1 .. 31.0 .. 2.3

3.8 4.4 11.0 44.2 4.2


.. 1.6 20.3 8.1

.. 0.4 20.1 5.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–7.6 .. 35.9 35.6 .. .. 23.1 3.8 4.9

.. .. 28.8 37.3 .. .. 18.0 –15.9 3.4

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


12.0 23 .. 0.0 0.0

12.8 40 5.0 2.4 0.4

12.1 324


2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

79

Faeroe Islands High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

0.05 .. 3.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,753


80

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Fiji East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.80 0.31 .. 2,260 2.2 17.1 22.3 14.0 60.6 1.1 2.1 65.2 70.3

0.84 0.34 8.1 4,010 1.4 15.1 24.9 15.4 60.0 7.7 1.6 55.7 73.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

54 46 8 22.0 1.8 41.2 31 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


3 –0.1 15.4 10.2

90 8.9 16.0 13.0

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 36.4 36.7 .. .. 32.0 13.7 7.5

–2.9 .. 41.0 40.2 .. .. 48.2 2.8 8.1

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


49.2 .. .. 6.9 1.5

.. .. .. 71.1 12.2

41.8 3,052



2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

81

Finland High income Highincome group 2008


2008

5.2 2.7 9.7 25,470 4.9 3.5 33.7 26.2 62.8 3.4 1.1 43.5 33.9

5.3 2.7 6.4 47,600 3.0 2.7 32.4 23.6 64.9 4.1 0.7 44.2 40.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 29 7.4 2.3

16 14 3 26.0 0.9 47.7 26 8.7 3.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 7.5 19.4 ..

.. –2.8 20.6 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


6.7 55.1 55.8 22.1 6.3 0.6 53.1 3.0 4.0

5.5 37.3 .. .. 7.4 0.4 85.8 3.0 2.7

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

62.0 15,286 .. 72.0 37.2

65.4 17,162 .. 128.5 82.5

87.0 9,753



82

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

France High income Highincome group 2008

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions)a Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2008

58.9 26.4 10.2 24,450 2.9 2.8 22.9 16.0 74.3 1.7 1.1 28.6 27.7

62.3 28.6 7.4 42,000 1.8 2.0 20.4 11.9 77.6 2.8 0.7 26.4 28.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 8.9 2.3

31 7 5 32.0 1.9 65.8 33 10.8 3.3

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 3.2 19.5 ..

.. 3.5 21.9 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–1.7 60.7 .. .. 6.7 5.0 85.0 5.2 4.1

–2.3 66.6 .. .. 4.2 2.8 107.8 4.9 4.4

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 7,485 .. 49.3 14.4

100.0 7,772 .. 93.1 67.9

87.0 9,753



1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

a. Excludes the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2010

83

French Polynesia High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.24 0.10 11.7 16,080 3.5 4.7 .. .. .. .. 129.5 4.9 24.2

0.27 0.11 11.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,753


84

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income


2008


1.2 0.54 .. 3,080 0.3 6.2 56.3 3.7 37.5 0.5 712.0 69.0 32.7

1.4 0.69 .. 7,320 2.2 4.1 64.3 3.5 31.7 5.3 447.8 66.6 32.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

158 58 9 43.0 5.0 44.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.8 22.8 6.3 34.5 18.6


12 –0.8 21.9 19.0

60 0.1 24.4 19.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 12.1 10.4 .. 6.6 8.7 –4.8 17.0

.. .. 9.6 12.9 10.7 8.5 8.5 9.3 10.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


9.9 876 .. 9.7 1.2

10.2 1,066 7.2 89.8 6.2

41.8 3,052



2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

85

Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


1.3 0.58 .. 330 4.6 35.8 13.1 5.4 51.1 0.8 12.8 48.0 56.8

1.7 0.74 .. 400 5.1 28.5 15.1 4.9 56.4 4.5 22.2 30.0 48.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

140 27 8 26.0 3.0 292.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.3 13.6 7.6 63.9 22.2


7 10.3 17.4 12.8

35 8.9 24.8 13.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 30.8 29.5 .. .. 12.5 19.6 11.5

.. .. 41.7 60.1 .. .. 17.6 21.0 15.0

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


35.4 .. .. 0.4 0.9

19.3 .. 23.7 70.2 6.9

12.1 324


86

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Georgia Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008

4.7 2.4 10.8 700 5.6 21.9 22.4 13.0 55.7 4.1 2.0 23.0 39.7

4.3 2.3 13.3 2,500 8.1 10.0 21.2 12.0 68.8 10.0 1.5 28.7 58.3


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.2 0.7

11 3 3 4.0 3.3 15.3 .. 8.8 1.7

11.0 81.2 25.9 1.9 16.8

2.1 8.4 38.2 11.4 16.0


49 4.3 25.4 24.5

476 12.2 22.5 14.5

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–1.6 69.9 6.5 4.2 30.5 11.6 8.7 26.8 22.6

–1.9 27.0 22.4 13.8 17.1 4.1 33.3 10.2 10.9

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

93.4 1,353 .. 4.1 0.5

38.6 1,620 3.3 64.0 23.8

37.6 1,310



2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

87

Germany High income


2008

Highincome group 2008

82.2 40.4 7.9 25,500 2.0 1.3 30.3 22.9 68.5 1.5 1.1 33.4 33.0

82.1 42.4 7.5 42,710 1.2 0.9 30.2 23.9 69.0 2.6 0.7 47.2 41.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 52 18.4 1.5

25 18 9 69.0 1.2 44.9 30 11.9 1.2

.. .. .. .. ..

1.2 14.8 45.0 3.2 ..


.. 11.1 21.5 ..

.. 0.6 19.2 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.4 37.8 144.5 63.1 4.2 4.7 118.6 10.4 6.2

–0.4 40.8 .. .. 4.5 2.7 107.8 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. 6,636 .. 58.6 30.2

100.0 7,184 .. 128.5 75.5

87.0 9,753


88

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


19.5 8.6 10.4 330 4.4 35.3 25.4 9.0 39.3 25.2 0.5 48.8 67.2

23.4 10.6 .. 630 5.6 33.5 25.3 6.3 41.2 16.5 1.1 42.5 75.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 5.9 0.5

92 33 8 178.0 1.9 32.7 25 6.2 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

4.0 18.1 16.0 24.4 6.8


10 3.3 23.1 12.7

1,434 12.7 35.9 20.3

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–6.5 .. .. .. 11.8 11.9 14.0 .. ..

–7.7 .. .. .. 12.8 7.7 17.8 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


29.6 331 .. 0.7 0.2

14.9 259 9.7 49.6 4.3

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

89

Greece High income


2008


10.9 4.9 11.2 12,560 3.5 6.6 21.0 11.1 72.5 3.2 1.1 24.9 38.4

11.2 5.2 7.7 28,400 4.2 3.3 19.7 10.3 77.0 4.2 0.7 23.1 31.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 5.7 0.7

109 19 15 24.0 2.0 47.4 25 5.4 0.8

.. .. .. .. ..

1.8 55.9 25.9 7.0 11.7


.. 0.9 21.6 ..

.. 1.5 19.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–3.7 123.5 71.0 49.0 8.9 12.3 47.0 8.6 6.2

–3.7 114.1 .. .. 4.5 5.0 93.5 3.0 4.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


91.8 4,539 .. 54.3 9.2

.. 5,628 .. 122.8 43.1

87.0 9,753


90

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Greenland High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.06 .. 11.0 20,290 3.8 .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

0.06 .. 8.4 29,740 1.2 .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 26.9 31.7

.. .. .. 99.1 63.9

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

91

Grenada Latin America & Caribbean



2008

0.10 .. 15.2 3,870 7.4 7.3 22.2 6.5 70.5 2.1 2.7 54.9 72.2

0.10 .. .. 5,880 2.3 5.9 21.1 4.7 73.0 8.2 2.7 28.9 70.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

91 20 6 29.0 .. 45.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


7 8.7 41.8 35.0

11 25.3 29.8 22.3

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 79.8 82.2 .. .. 75.7 11.1 7.4

.. .. 89.7 99.4 .. .. 90.7 6.5 6.3

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


61.0 .. .. 4.2 4.1

.. .. .. 58.0 23.2

41.8 3,052


92

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Guam High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.16 0.07 11.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.18 0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 17.5 16.1

.. .. .. 59.1 48.4

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

93

Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income


2008


11.2 4.0 1.4 1,730 4.1 15.1 29.1 21.3 55.8 6.0 7.8 20.2 29.0

13.7 5.3 1.8 2,680 3.9 11.6 30.0 20.3 58.3 12.6 7.6 24.7 39.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.6

110 29 11 101.0 3.0 40.9 31 .. 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

9.2 3.8 12.8 35.3 8.0


147 1.2 16.1 13.7

532 2.1 17.7 14.2

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–1.8 17.0 21.5 16.3 8.9 7.9 19.8 13.2 10.7

–1.6 20.1 36.7 38.0 10.3 2.4 27.2 4.5 8.3

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


34.5 343 .. 7.6 0.7

.. 558 3.0 109.2 14.3

37.6 1,310


94

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008

8.4 9.8 4.0 4.7 .. .. 360 350 4.4 3.2 20.3 24.8 32.5 46.4 4.0 4.5 47.2 28.8 .. 18.4 1,746.9 5,500.0 23.6 33.2 27.9 38.4


Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

173 41 13 26.0 3.8 49.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.7 57.3 0.9 16.1 5.2


6 0.3 18.9 14.0

89 10.1 15.5 12.0

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–2.4 .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 7.4 11.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.7 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


16.5 .. .. 0.5 0.1

9.8 .. 33.9 39.1 0.9

12.1 324


2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

95

Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


1.3 0.54 .. 170 –2.7 56.4 13.0 10.5 30.6 8.6 712.0 31.8 51.6

1.6 0.65 .. 250 0.6 55.5 12.9 10.2 31.6 10.5 447.8 29.8 49.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

181 213 16 87.0 .. 45.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 22.7 0.7 20.5 8.4


3 0.3 11.3 1.3

29 3.5 23.9 10.6

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 7.6 12.7 .. .. 7.9 .. ..

.. .. 7.6 10.7 .. .. 9.1 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


27.9 .. .. 0.0 0.2

.. .. 9.2 31.7 2.4

12.1 324


96

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Guyana Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income


2008

0.76 0.32 9.1 870 2.5 31.1 29.0 8.2 39.9 6.1 182.4 96.1 110.7

0.76 0.34 .. 1,450 1.9 28.1 21.7 3.4 50.2 8.1 203.6 68.3 102.4


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

101 34 8 56.0 3.0 38.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.3 5.4 32.6 93.4 17.8


11 9.4 23.8 10.0

26 14.5 39.7 22.0

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 66.3 62.6 .. .. 57.1 10.0 8.6

.. .. 69.2 82.8 .. .. 57.0 8.8 12.2

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

7.4 .. .. 5.3 6.6

.. .. .. 36.8 26.9

37.6 1,310



2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

97

Haiti Latin America & Caribbean



2008

8.6 3.5 7.2 .. 2.5 .. .. .. .. 13.7 21.2 12.7 33.4

9.9 4.4 .. .. 0.5 .. .. .. .. 15.5 39.1 11.1 36.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 0.0

151 195 13 17.0 5.7 40.1 .. 3.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


101 0.4 .. ..

176 0.4 .. ..

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 15.6 27.2 .. .. 15.5 7.3 –24.7

.. .. 15.1 30.1 .. .. 12.1 –2.8 15.7

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

24.3 35 .. 0.6 0.2

.. 30 .. 32.4 10.1

12.1 324



98

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Honduras Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income


2008


6.2 2.4 3.9 930 2.8 15.9 32.5 22.7 51.7 11.0 14.8 54.0 66.4

7.3 2.8 3.1 1,740 5.3 13.6 31.0 21.7 55.4 11.4 18.9 48.6 81.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

141 14 13 95.0 3.8 48.3 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

4.6 6.1 8.5 27.6 16.5


127 4.0 25.8 20.3

334 6.6 32.2 28.0

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 32.8 32.6 8.8 10.6 34.1 –3.1 10.9

–0.2 .. 47.4 45.8 .. .. 51.4 7.4 8.4

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


20.4 515 .. 2.5 1.2

.. 692 2.9 84.9 13.1

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

99

Hong Kong SAR, China High income Highincome group 2008


2008

6.7 3.4 4.9 26,570 1.8 0.1 13.4 5.4 86.5 –3.8 7.8 143.3 138.8

7.0 3.7 3.5 31,420 5.2 0.1 7.7 2.5 92.2 4.3 7.8 212.5 201.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 16 10.5 7.9

3 6 3 10.0 1.1 24.2 17 15.4 15.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 36.6 26.4 ..

.. 29.3 19.7 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 164.2 210.1 9.0 7.3 152.6 13.6 4.7

.. .. 153.2 289.9 12.0 0.9 142.8 3.5 4.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 5,447 .. 81.7 27.8

100.0 5,899 .. 166.0 67.0

87.0 9,753


100

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Hungary High income


2008

10.2 4.2 6.6 4,660 4.2 5.4 32.2 23.5 62.4 9.8 282.2 72.2 75.8

10.0 4.3 7.8 12,810 3.6 4.3 29.4 21.7 66.2 6.1 172.1 81.4 80.2


28.1 28.5


.. .. .. .. .. .. 18 9.4 2.5

47 4 4 35.0 2.0 57.5 16 10.3 4.1

5.2 27.4 21.6 9.6 32.6

13.5 0.7 48.7 48.0 39.4


1,168 5.8 23.0 ..

2,645 40.6 20.1 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–2.7 61.0 35.8 35.5 8.3 3.0 31.4 –0.3 3.1

–3.9 73.8 70.5 44.6 8.0 3.0 69.6 6.1 0.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

43.7 3,309 .. 30.1 7.0

37.7 3,977 2.9 121.8 58.5

87.0 9,753



2010

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

101

Iceland High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.28 0.17 2.3 30,820 5.0 8.6 26.0 13.9 65.4 5.1 78.6 33.6 40.9

0.32 0.20 3.0 40,450 4.5 5.8 23.6 10.0 70.6 12.7 87.9 44.7 47.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 14.2 11.4

14 5 5 13.0 1.0 25.0 15 12.5 18.2

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 1.8 22.9 ..

.. 4.2 23.9 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


2.7 60.5 83.1 40.6 6.2 1.5 97.1 12.7 6.2

–12.8 83.8 150.2 60.0 6.9 0.8 319.6 13.0 7.2

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

29.5 26,221 .. 76.5 44.5

36.6 36,853 .. 108.0 90.0

87.0 9,753



102

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

India South Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 1,015.9 1,140.0 Population (millions) 385.4 449.9 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 450 1,040 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5.9 7.9 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 23.4 17.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.2 28.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.6 15.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 50.5 53.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 4.0 8.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 44.9 43.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 13.2 22.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 28.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. 39 3.7 0.0

133 30 13 56.0 7.0 64.7 34 2.7 0.0

12.9 .. .. .. 0.0

6.7 52.3 46.7 29.5 22.5


2,665 0.8 22.7 16.3

27,912 3.6 34.8 25.7

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–3.9 56.0 41.1 42.6 5.7 12.8 28.8 8.5 ..

–1.6 57.6 64.9 61.4 6.4 2.3 51.4 6.7 ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


47.5 402 .. 0.4 0.5

.. 542 .. 30.4 4.5

37.6 1,310


2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

103

Indonesia East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 205.3 227.3 Population (millions) 97.0 112.8 Labor force (millions) 6.1 8.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 580 1,880 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) –0.6 5.2 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 15.6 14.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 27.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.5 37.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.7 10.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8,421.8 9,699.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 29.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 28.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)


35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.6 0.1

122 60 9 108.0 5.5 37.6 30 7.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

4.0 14.0 34.0 23.5 22.1


642 –2.8 19.9 ..

5,739 1.8 27.6 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–2.5 45.2 43.7 44.7 6.0 34.4 19.9 –1.7 6.0

–1.1 28.8 30.9 32.3 9.2 3.2 26.5 –3.9 5.1

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


57.1 402 .. 1.8 0.9

55.4 566 .. 61.8 7.9

37.6 1,310

104

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa



2008

63.9 72.0 22.4 27.8 12.8 10.5 1,670 3,540 3.7 5.9 13.7 10.2 36.7 44.5 13.2 10.6 49.5 45.3 14.5 25.5 1,766.1 9,428.5 22.7 32.2 17.4 21.5

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 54 .. ..

137 9 7 87.0 4.5 44.2 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


5 0.0 26.4 17.6

802 0.6 25.8 16.7

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


1.8 .. 18.3 31.4 .. .. 28.3 .. ..

7.9 .. 33.1 38.5 .. .. 49.2 –7.0 0.4

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

64.8 1,586 .. 1.5 1.0

72.8 2,325 .. 59.8 32.0

37.6 1,310



2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

105

Iraq Middle East & North Africa



2008

25.1 30.7 6.0 7.5 .. 10.5 .. .. 17.9 –11.4 5.4 8.6 84.4 70.1 0.9 1.7 10.3 21.3 .. .. 0.3 1,193.1 .. .. .. ..

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

153 77 11 .. .. 28.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

284 .. .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.4

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

84.3 1,161 .. 0.0 0.0

.. 1,080 .. 57.1 1.0

37.6 1,310


106

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Ireland High income


2008


3.8 1.8 4.3 23,170 9.7 3.5 41.3 32.4 55.2 5.6 1.1 98.1 84.6

4.4 2.2 6.0 49,770 5.0 1.7 33.9 22.2 64.4 4.1 0.7 79.4 68.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 24 13.2 7.2

7 13 4 18.0 0.4 26.5 13 10.3 6.7

.. .. .. .. ..

2.3 11.0 37.4 28.3 17.2


.. 26.4 23.1 ..

.. –7.4 26.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


4.9 40.1 88.6 68.7 6.5 1.0 105.5 –1.2 4.7

0.4 27.2 .. .. 4.7 2.6 217.0 0.3 2.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 5,796 .. 64.7 17.8

100.0 6,263 .. 121.0 62.7

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

107

Isle of Man High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.08 .. 1.6 21,980 10.4 .. .. .. .. .. 0.7 .. ..

0.08 .. 2.4 49,310 6.2 .. .. .. .. .. 0.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,753


108

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Israel High income Highincome group 2008


2008

6.3 2.5 8.8 17,840 4.6 .. .. .. .. 1.1 4.1 37.1 37.4

7.3 3.1 6.2 24,720 3.5 .. .. .. .. 4.6 3.6 40.0 41.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

29 34 5 91.0 4.0 32.6 27 11.5 4.4

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 4.7 20.4 ..

.. 4.8 18.5 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–1.9 .. 83.6 76.2 7.3 6.9 76.9 11.1 4.2

–1.9 .. 97.1 88.9 5.7 1.5 90.1 4.4 2.8

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 6,323 .. 70.0 20.2

100.0 7,002 .. 122.9 47.9

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

109

Italy High income Highincome group 2008


2008

56.9 23.2 10.8 20,890 1.8 2.8 28.4 21.0 68.8 2.5 1.1 27.1 26.1

59.8 25.2 6.7 35,460 1.0 2.0 27.0 18.2 71.0 3.3 0.7 28.8 29.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 41 13.8 1.5

78 10 6 11.0 1.8 68.4 31 12.1 2.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 1.2 20.3 ..

.. 0.7 20.9 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–0.7 119.4 74.8 42.2 7.0 7.8 76.0 5.0 5.2

–2.5 106.3 .. .. 6.6 4.9 105.1 3.9 4.9

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 5,299 .. 74.2 23.2

100.0 5,713 .. 151.0 41.8

87.0 9,753


110

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


2.6 1.2 15.5 3,310 –0.5 7.0 25.5 10.6 67.4 8.2 43.0 39.1 51.9

2.7 1.2 10.6 4,800 1.8 5.3 25.3 8.8 69.3 22.0 72.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 3.5 1.0

75 8 6 62.0 1.1 51.3 33 3.7 1.2

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 4.9 37.0 6.9 16.4


546 5.2 28.9 23.9

75 9.8 .. ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 36.0 32.8 9.2 11.0 25.7 11.5 11.7

–5.1 112.9 41.4 38.7 .. .. 28.3 –3.6 9.3

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

70.1 2,321 .. 14.2 3.1

73.3 2,542 .. 101.3 57.3

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

111

Japan High income Highincome group 2008


2008

126.9 67.6 4.8 34,620 0.6 1.8 32.4 22.2 65.8 –0.7 107.8 11.0 9.5

127.7 66.9 4.0 38,130 1.6 1.4 29.3 21.2 69.3 1.4 103.4 17.6 15.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 42 3.7 1.1

15 23 8 4.0 0.6 55.7 41 4.4 1.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 0.2 25.2 ..

.. 0.5 23.4 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 236.4 230.1 4.6 5.3 222.3 3.9 2.0

.. .. 153.2 186.1 3.6 1.7 163.5 2.8 1.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


76.6 7,971 .. 52.6 30.0

79.3 8,474 .. 86.4 75.2

87.0 9,753


112

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Jordan Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income


2008


4.8 1.4 15.8 1,790 3.2 2.3 25.5 15.7 72.1 0.7 0.7 41.8 68.5

5.9 1.9 12.7 3,470 7.2 2.9 34.1 20.5 63.0 14.9 0.7 58.2 90.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.2

100 13 8 4.0 4.3 31.1 25 .. 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

6.7 0.9 8.6 47.1 15.5


584 9.6 21.1 11.9

194 9.3 25.6 19.1

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 86.4 85.7 7.0 18.4 77.8 12.2 4.8

–1.1 115.1 110.6 106.2 10.4 4.2 83.8 –5.8 3.6

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

100.0 1,377 .. 8.1 2.7

100.0 1,956 2.6 90.0 27.0

37.6 1,310




2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

113

Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

14.9 7.5 12.8 1,260 1.9 8.7 40.5 17.7 50.8 13.2 142.1 56.6 49.1

15.7 8.5 8.4 6,160 9.5 5.7 43.3 12.7 51.0 17.2 120.3 57.2 36.9


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

63 20 7 9.0 1.5 35.9 30 9.0 0.3

7.6 57.1 17.4 7.4 12.8

4.7 25.1 31.0 47.8 10.8


375 7.0 17.3 16.5

1,147 11.0 31.3 25.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


0.1 21.6 10.2 8.7 13.6 .. 11.2 .. ..

4.3 6.3 49.0 26.5 12.2 5.1 49.6 .. ..

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

86.5 3,170 .. 1.3 0.7

90.3 4,448 2.8 95.1 10.9

41.8 3,052


114

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


31.4 14.3 9.8 420 2.2 32.4 16.9 11.6 50.7 10.0 76.2 21.6 31.7

38.8 18.2 .. 730 4.5 27.0 18.8 12.1 54.2 26.2 69.2 27.3 41.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.7 0.3

95 34 12 47.0 4.5 49.7 30 5.9 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

5.1 32.3 22.9 40.5 9.8


130 0.9 16.7 7.5

1,390 0.3 19.4 15.8

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


2.0 52.6 33.7 31.8 12.9 33.3 28.4 15.3 14.2

–4.1 .. 35.2 34.5 11.4 9.0 30.0 0.8 8.7

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


12.1 109 .. 0.4 0.3

14.1 151 6.9 42.1 8.7

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

115

Kiribati East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.08 .. 0.8 1,330 6.0 22.5 11.8 5.0 65.7 .. 1.7 7.0 47.8

0.10 .. 6.1 2,040 2.4 27.5 7.9 5.8 64.7 .. 1.2 9.7 78.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

79 21 6 4.0 .. 31.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

.. .. .. 0.4 1.8

.. .. .. 1.0 2.1

37.6 1,310



116

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific



2008

22.9 11.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

23.8 12.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

400 .. .. ..

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

6.4 715 .. 0.0 0.0

2.8 764 .. 0.0 0.0

12.1 324




2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

117

Korea, Rep. High income


2008

47.0 48.6 22.7 24.4 4.4 3.2 9,910 21,530 3.5 4.5 4.6 2.5 38.1 37.1 28.3 28.1 57.3 60.3 2.3 4.7 1,131.0 1,102.0 38.6 52.9 35.7 54.1


28.1 28.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..

19 14 8 91.0 1.5 31.9 28 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 21.3 39.9 3.9 17.6


.. 1.7 30.0 ..

.. 0.2 29.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


4.4 9.6 76.5 60.8 4.6 8.9 87.4 3.4 0.6

4.3 .. 107.5 63.4 8.8 1.1 109.1 4.3 1.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

74.5 5,907 .. 57.0 40.5

77.6 8,502 .. 93.8 75.8

87.0 9,753


118

2010


19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Kosovo Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008


1.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.8 .. .. .. .. 12.0 20.0 16.2 68.0 9.4 .. 14.2 56.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

113 52 9 30.0 2.0 28.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

9.8 7.7 25.3 76.9 7.9


.. .. .. ..

.. .. 27.2 18.7

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 3.7 34.3 .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 42.8 .. ..

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

119

Kuwait High income Highincome group 2008


2008

2.2 1.1 0.8 16,790 1.8 0.4 59.2 2.6 40.5 2.5 0.3 56.5 30.1

2.7 1.4 1.7 43,930 8.4 0.5 51.0 2.3 48.5 10.6 0.3 66.4 25.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 55 .. ..

61 35 13 78.0 4.2 15.5 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 0.0 10.7 ..

.. 0.0 18.9 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–9.4 .. 77.5 64.6 11.5 19.2 48.7 –9.7 3.0

23.4 .. 60.7 52.0 11.6 3.1 66.4 2.5 2.8

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

80.6 13,378 .. 21.7 6.8

85.0 16,198 .. 106.6 36.7

87.0 9,753



120

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia

Low income


2008

4.9 2.1 12.5 280 5.4 36.7 31.4 19.5 31.9 18.7 47.7 41.8 47.6

5.3 2.5 8.3 780 4.4 29.8 19.7 13.0 50.6 24.5 36.6 56.5 93.6

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

41 11 3 17.0 4.0 59.4 .. .. 1.2

5.2 80.3 5.9 5.2 14.3

4.9 39.1 17.9 25.2 16.2


5 –0.2 18.3 10.5

75 4.6 22.7 18.6

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–2.9 114.5 4.2 4.9 .. .. 4.2 19.5 33.5

0.0 .. 12.2 10.2 .. .. 15.1 –1.1 15.9

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


91.1 1,904 .. 0.2 1.0

.. 1,772 5.7 64.3 16.1

12.1 324


2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

121

Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific

Low income


2008

5.4 6.2 2.5 3.0 .. 1.4 280 760 6.1 6.9 52.5 34.7 22.9 28.2 17.0 9.3 24.6 37.1 25.1 7.6 7,887.6 8,744.1 30.0 32.7 44.1 44.4

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

167 100 7 162.0 .. 33.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1.6 26.2 0.0 58.8 7.2


5 2.0 28.3 14.7

665 4.1 37.1 32.3

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 8.8 13.6 .. .. 8.9 5.5 20.0

–2.9 .. 8.6 17.5 .. .. 9.5 14.6 23.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


44.5 .. .. 0.2 0.1

13.4 .. 1.5 32.6 8.5

12.1 324

122

2010


44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Latvia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

2.4 1.1 13.9 3,220 5.7 4.6 23.6 13.7 71.8 2.6 0.6 41.6 48.7

2.3 1.2 7.5 11,860 8.2 3.1 22.7 10.6 74.2 15.4 0.5 41.8 54.9


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 4.1

27 16 5 17.0 3.0 33.0 15 .. 7.6

6.0 38.2 30.8 5.2 13.0

9.7 4.4 37.3 93.2 18.2


229 5.3 24.2 20.5

145 4.0 30.2 30.2

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–2.2 12.0 20.8 16.3 8.5 4.6 19.2 7.4 7.5

–2.6 22.8 120.5 44.5 7.3 3.6 90.2 –2.9 5.5

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

100.0 2,078 .. 16.9 6.3

100.0 3,064 0.7 98.6 60.4

41.8 3,052



2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

123

Lebanon Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 3.8 4.2 Population (millions) 1.2 1.4 Labor force (millions) 8.5 8.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4,690 6,780 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1.2 4.0 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 7.1 5.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 21.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 10.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 70.1 73.5 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14.2 27.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 56.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)


27.8 27.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.7

108 9 5 17.0 4.0 30.2 .. .. 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

12.0 23.7 53.5 71.6 20.9


196 5.6 21.0 16.6

3 12.3 30.7 28.9

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–18.4 .. .. .. 6.4 7.8 87.9 20.7 6.9

–10.0 .. .. .. 7.8 7.5 75.9 2.1 2.3

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


84.9 2,081 .. 19.7 8.0

.. 2,154 .. 34.0 22.5

41.8 3,052

124

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


1.9 0.81 27.3 570 2.5 11.7 28.4 12.2 59.9 6.1 6.9 32.6 98.5

2.0 0.92 .. 1,060 3.9 7.2 34.8 16.0 58.0 10.7 8.3 47.3 110.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

130 40 7 44.0 2.6 18.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.6 9.2 32.7 13.9 24.7


3 15.0 40.4 31.7

9 13.4 28.3 17.5

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–2.7 73.1 .. .. .. .. 15.6 11.1 12.2

5.7 .. 13.6 25.8 7.9 3.5 10.9 6.0 8.5

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


18.3 .. .. 1.1 0.2

.. .. 6.8 28.3 3.6

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

125

Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


2.8 1.1 .. 140 38.9 72.0 11.6 9.5 16.4 .. 41.0 21.5 26.0

3.8 1.5 5.6 170 –1.1 61.3 16.8 12.7 21.9 .. 63.2 31.1 172.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

149 20 5 84.0 3.0 43.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.5 54.4 10.1 .. 2.4


.. 3.7 4.9 2.0

22 17.1 16.4 4.3

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 3.1 22.1 14.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 12.5 3.6 11.3

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

6.2 .. .. 0.1 0.0

.. .. 5.4 19.3 0.5

12.1 324



126

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Libya Middle East & North Africa



2008

5.3 1.8 .. 4,610 .. 5.2 66.1 3.1 28.7 –2.9 0.5 35.6 15.5

6.3 2.3 .. 12,380 5.6 1.9 78.2 4.5 19.9 10.4 1.2 67.4 27.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 0.4 13.1 2.0

.. 4.4 27.9 5.9

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 32.1 26.5 .. .. 27.3 –9.6 4.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8 –15.5 3.5

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

57.2 2,227 .. 0.7 0.2

.. 3,871 .. 76.7 5.1

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

127

Liechtenstein High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.03 .. .. 79,640 7.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.04 .. .. 97,990 1.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 30.4 36.5

.. .. .. 95.4 66.0

87.0 9,753



128

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Lithuania Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

3.5 1.7 15.9 3,190 4.3 6.3 29.8 19.3 63.9 1.0 4.0 44.7 51.0

3.4 1.6 5.8 11,870 7.7 4.4 32.8 19.0 62.8 10.9 2.4 59.2 70.6


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8 1.3

26 26 7 30.0 1.5 42.7 15 9.8 2.7

6.2 31.4 15.4 5.3 14.9

9.3 3.4 47.4 63.0 15.6


388 3.3 18.7 16.4

326 3.7 24.4 22.0

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–2.8 .. 18.2 15.4 10.2 11.3 13.2 11.3 8.3

–3.1 18.4 62.2 32.7 7.6 4.6 62.7 –1.7 0.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

.. 2,517 .. 15.0 6.4

28.6 3,414 1.1 149.6 54.4

41.8 3,052



2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

129

Luxembourg High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.44 0.19 2.3 43,650 6.3 0.7 18.4 11.3 81.0 3.1 1.1 150.0 129.0

0.49 0.22 5.1 69,390 4.0 0.4 15.9 8.5 83.7 3.4 0.7 179.3 150.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 12.9 7.9

64 24 6 52.0 2.0 20.9 30 11.7 8.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 524.9 20.8 ..

.. 215.6 20.1 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


5.5 4.9 .. .. 4.0 0.5 102.3 5.7 2.0

3.2 4.8 .. .. 5.2 0.2 197.5 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 15,485 .. 69.5 22.9

100.0 16,315 .. 144.7 79.2

87.0 9,753



130

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Macao SAR, China High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.44 0.22 6.7 14,340 –1.1 0.0 15.7 10.1 90.3 –1.6 8.0 100.4 64.6

0.53 0.33 2.9 35,360 15.2 0.0 17.7 2.8 86.0 8.6 8.0 90.4 49.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 6.1 11.5 ..

.. 27.1 28.8 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.6 .. 82.8 170.8 .. .. 79.9 12.2 4.6

17.2 .. 40.1 114.0 .. .. 52.3 3.8 4.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 .. .. 32.0 13.6

100.0 .. .. 177.2 49.2

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

131

Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

2.0 0.83 32.2 1,840 3.0 12.0 33.7 20.7 54.2 6.6 65.9 48.6 63.5

2.0 0.90 33.8 4,130 3.2 10.9 34.0 21.7 55.1 7.2 41.9 52.6 78.6


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

32 4 4 26.0 2.9 16.4 10 .. ..

9.3 36.8 10.0 11.2 12.1

14.5 8.1 47.0 27.7 21.5


429 4.9 16.2 11.5

342 6.3 23.9 19.3

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. .. 23.1 17.8 9.9 7.7

–0.8 .. .. .. .. 6.8 43.8 2.4 3.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

63.8 2,929 .. 5.8 2.5

.. 3,780 2.2 122.6 41.5

41.8 3,052


132

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 15.3 19.1 Population (millions) 7.3 9.4 Labor force (millions) 5.8 2.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 250 420 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3.9 3.8 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 29.2 25.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.2 15.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 56.6 57.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 11.9 9.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1,353.5 1,708.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 30.7 26.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 52.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.5 0.1

134 7 2 30.0 .. 39.2 .. 6.4 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

17.1 6.8 12.2 92.1 8.7


10 2.1 15.0 8.3

102 15.6 35.6 25.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–2.0 111.9 10.1 13.0 7.1 8.6 8.8 18.0 11.5

–2.7 .. 11.3 14.8 .. .. 11.1 32.5 33.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

11.6 .. .. 0.4 0.2

.. .. 13.6 25.3 1.7

12.1 324



2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

133

Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


11.8 5.0 .. 150 3.8 39.5 17.9 12.9 42.5 29.6 59.5 25.6 35.3

14.8 6.1 7.8 280 4.2 34.3 20.6 14.2 45.1 8.7 140.5 22.6 25.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 38 5.1 0.0

132 39 10 84.0 2.6 25.8 .. 7.5 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

3.5 11.4 20.6 59.2 17.9


5 1.5 12.3 2.3

57 0.9 24.2 15.7

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 7.6 15.0 .. .. 9.1 17.3 19.9

.. .. 11.1 20.2 .. .. 11.4 15.0 21.7

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


19.0 .. .. 0.4 0.1

45.0 .. 1.0 12.0 2.1

12.1 324


134

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Malaysia East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income


2008

23.3 9.7 3.0 3,450 3.7 0.9 48.3 30.9 50.8 1.5 3.8 119.8 100.6

27.0 11.7 3.2 7,250 5.5 10.2 47.7 28.0 42.0 5.4 3.3 110.2 89.9


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. 2.5

23 11 9 75.0 2.3 34.2 26 .. 2.8

7.3 .. 48.6 .. 31.4

7.8 .. 48.6 10.7 54.1


5,511 4.0 25.3 13.4

837 3.3 21.7 11.6

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–3.0 .. 131.0 107.6 8.5 15.4 171.3 –1.1 4.3

–4.1 .. 105.3 108.2 8.0 4.8 100.6 –3.8 3.0

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


76.2 2,743 .. 22.0 21.4

79.8 3,667 0.8 102.6 55.8

41.8 3,052


2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

135

Maldives South Asia



2008

0.27 0.09 2.0 2,150 8.5 .. .. .. .. .. 11.8 89.5 71.6

0.31 0.14 14.4 3,640 6.9 6.2 17.7 6.6 76.1 12.3 12.8 83.5 110.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

87 9 5 9.0 6.7 9.1 .. .. 2.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


2 2.1 26.3 ..

40 1.2 53.5 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–5.0 40.9 .. .. .. .. 19.1 11.7 6.1

–13.7 53.8 102.2 62.0 .. .. 100.6 –0.5 6.5

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

.. .. .. 2.8 2.2

.. .. .. 142.8 23.5

37.6 1,310



136

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Mali Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


10.5 3.0 3.3 250 5.5 41.6 20.6 3.8 37.9 –0.7 712.0 26.8 39.4

12.7 3.7 8.8 580 5.2 36.5 24.2 3.1 39.1 9.2 447.8 27.3 37.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

156 15 7 31.0 3.6 52.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.4 31.1 7.0 48.4 8.6


366 3.4 24.6 15.9

67 1.5 23.3 14.6

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–3.4 .. 15.8 13.1 .. .. 16.6 .. ..

–5.6 .. 17.3 17.2 .. .. 17.1 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


12.1 .. .. 0.1 0.1

18.0 .. 4.2 27.1 1.6

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

137

Malta High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.39 0.16 6.3 9,670 4.4 .. .. .. .. 2.4 0.4 92.1 102.7

0.41 0.17 6.0 16,690 1.6 .. .. .. .. 4.3 0.3 87.7 89.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.9 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 8.9 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 15.4 23.1 ..

.. 12.7 19.4 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 129.0 122.5 .. .. 106.9 –2.7 2.4

–2.2 72.6 135.7 139.7 12.6 1.6 118.5 3.7 2.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


88.0 4,313 .. 29.3 13.1

87.5 4,845 .. 93.6 48.3

87.0 9,753


138

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.05 .. 30.9 2,420 –3.7 9.4 18.6 3.7 72.1 .. .. .. ..

0.06 .. .. 3,270 2.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

98 17 5 .. 2.0 64.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

.. .. .. 0.9 1.6

.. .. .. 1.7 3.7

37.6 1,310




2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

139

Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


2.6 1.0 20.6 460 2.3 27.6 29.7 9.0 42.6 3.3 238.9 46.2 74.2

3.2 1.4 33.0 840 5.1 12.5 46.7 5.0 40.7 7.3 258.6 57.7 64.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

166 19 9 31.0 8.0 86.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.8 48.2 3.2 7.5 5.9


43 3.7 19.4 14.8

40 3.6 25.9 21.3

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 22.0 9.5 .. .. 23.1 23.9 16.2

.. .. 27.5 11.2 .. .. 27.0 26.7 15.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


11.3 .. .. 0.6 0.2

26.8 .. 3.7 65.1 1.9

12.1 324


140

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income


2008


1.2 0.53 8.8 3,870 5.5 7.0 31.0 23.5 62.1 4.2 26.2 61.4 61.9

1.3 0.57 7.3 6,700 3.7 4.4 29.1 20.0 66.5 9.7 28.5 53.0 67.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

17 6 5 4.0 1.7 22.9 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

9.4 0.3 37.5 18.7 11.1


338 5.8 22.9 16.5

41 4.1 24.6 20.4

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–1.1 32.7 68.4 70.4 .. .. 57.5 18.3 11.2

0.6 36.1 102.2 92.2 .. .. 87.7 12.9 11.4

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


97.0 .. .. 15.2 7.3

98.0 .. 3.2 81.4 22.2

41.8 3,052



2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

141

Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa



2008

0.16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

.. .. .. 12.7 ..

.. .. .. 28.0 ..

41.8 3,052



142

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Mexico Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


98.0 39.5 2.6 5,110 5.4 4.2 28.0 20.3 67.8 9.5 9.5 30.9 32.9

106.4 46.7 4.0 9,990 2.7 3.8 37.1 18.8 59.1 5.1 11.1 28.3 30.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

51 13 8 52.0 1.8 51.0 28 7.1 4.7

.. .. .. .. ..

20.5 9.6 2.6 8.3 20.3


5,277 3.1 21.4 17.8

5,504 2.1 22.1 16.6

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–1.2 23.2 32.7 24.6 9.6 5.8 18.3 4.3 8.7

.. .. 30.5 21.7 9.6 3.2 21.1 2.1 5.7

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

32.8 1,794 .. 14.4 5.2

38.2 2,036 2.4 70.8 22.2

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

143

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.11 .. 22.0 2,270 –0.3 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.11 .. .. 2,460 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

127 16 7 .. 5.3 58.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 67.1 ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. 31.7 14.1 10.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20.3 9.2 11.9

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


17.5 .. .. 0.0 3.7

.. .. .. 30.8 14.5

37.6 1,310


144

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Moldova Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008

4.1 1.9 8.5 370 –2.6 29.0 21.7 16.3 49.2 31.3 12.4 49.8 75.4

3.6 1.5 4.0 1,500 6.3 10.9 14.7 14.1 74.5 12.8 10.4 40.7 91.5


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.6 1.2

94 10 8 37.0 2.8 31.1 .. 9.3 2.2

7.0 73.3 28.0 19.1 8.8

7.0 15.5 30.8 24.3 9.1


25 9.9 15.4 13.8

141 11.7 34.1 32.1

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–1.5 73.0 14.1 11.0 30.6 20.6 12.7 5.1 8.9

–0.4 18.5 33.1 32.4 17.0 5.2 36.5 10.3 3.1

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


86.1 892 .. 3.4 1.3

85.7 1,319 1.7 66.7 23.4

37.6 1,310


2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

145

Monaco High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.03 .. 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 .. .. .. ..

100.0 .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,753



146

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Mongolia East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income


2008

2.4 2.6 1.1 1.4 17.5 2.8 410 1,670 3.0 7.8 32.7 21.1 20.3 39.8 4.6 4.5 47.0 39.2 11.6 25.1 1,076.7 1,165.7 56.4 57.2 70.9 71.5



35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

60 13 7 9.0 4.0 22.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

12.1 20.8 26.5 20.0 16.7


11 4.9 25.1 22.0

2 13.0 35.7 32.3

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


0.2 81.9 11.9 13.7 .. .. 7.2 8.6 20.2

–3.5 46.9 34.5 38.2 .. .. 43.6 –1.5 9.4

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

3.5 1,080 .. 6.5 1.3

.. 1,369 2.6 66.8 12.5

37.6 1,310



2010

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

147

Montenegro Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008


0.66 .. .. 1,840 –1.6 12.5 23.4 10.2 64.1 .. 1.1 36.8 51.1

0.62 .. 30.3 6,660 5.1 8.8 17.8 7.0 73.4 .. 0.7 40.3 74.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

71 13 12 28.0 2.0 28.9 9 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.8 3.4 75.9 30.9 13.0


10 .. 16.9 16.9

23 19.2 27.7 18.4

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

.. .. .. .. 8.4 7.2 80.4 –0.7 5.4

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 7.0 118.1 47.2

41.8 3,052



148

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Morocco Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income


2008


28.8 10.2 12.5 1,310 3.4 14.9 29.1 17.5 56.0 1.9 10.6 28.0 33.4

31.6 11.8 9.6 2,520 5.0 14.6 30.3 14.0 55.0 3.8 7.8 36.7 50.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.4

128 12 6 85.0 1.8 41.7 .. .. 1.1

.. .. .. .. ..

11.4 10.7 12.3 18.8 17.3


2,135 0.6 26.0 21.3

1,043 2.8 33.1 28.4

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–3.1 56.5 63.6 56.4 9.8 17.5 51.0 14.0 8.2

2.9 .. 73.2 78.5 7.3 6.0 77.4 10.4 7.9

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


56.4 483 .. 8.1 0.7

62.0 707 2.5 72.2 33.0

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

149

Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


18.2 8.9 2.2 230 8.1 24.0 24.5 12.2 51.5 12.7 15.2 17.5 37.0

22.4 10.8 .. 380 8.0 28.6 24.3 13.9 47.1 10.3 24.3 33.3 45.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

135 26 10 134.0 5.0 34.3 32 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3.3 9.8 10.5 12.7 18.7


45 3.3 31.0 21.7

23 6.0 18.5 6.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 17.0 20.3 8.2 17.8 16.7 6.3 9.3

.. .. 20.0 23.4 6.7 2.8 18.4 9.8 7.3

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


18.7 122 .. 0.3 0.1

.. 472 3.0 19.7 1.6

12.1 324


150

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Myanmar East Asia & Pacific



2008

46.6 25.2 .. .. 8.1 57.2 9.7 7.2 33.1 –0.1 6.4 0.5 0.6

49.6 26.8 .. .. 13.0 48.4 16.2 11.6 35.4 26.8 5.4 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


325 .. 11.8 ..

556 .. 11.7 ..

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 11.3 14.6 .. .. 10.4 12.5 5.5

–2.0 .. 4.8 6.5 .. .. 4.7 11.1 5.0

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


11.4 75 .. 0.0 0.0

11.9 94 .. 0.7 0.2

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

151

Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income


2008


1.8 0.60 20.3 2,030 3.5 11.8 28.0 12.8 60.2 .. 6.9 40.9 44.5

2.1 0.76 21.9 4,210 5.6 9.1 37.5 13.5 53.4 10.4 8.3 42.0 61.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

66 66 10 24.0 1.5 9.6 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 2.6 8.1 9.2 17.6


10 3.0 16.6 11.1

9 6.1 23.4 18.3

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–1.6 .. 46.5 35.2 8.7 3.4 39.8 –9.0 7.9

2.0 .. 56.3 38.8 8.0 3.1 45.6 0.0 5.4

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

13.6 1,226 .. 4.5 1.6

.. 1,541 1.6 49.4 5.3

41.8 3,052



152

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Nepal South Asia

Low income


2008


24.4 10.2 8.8 220 4.6 40.8 22.1 9.4 37.0 2.5 71.1 23.3 32.4

28.8 12.9 .. 400 3.5 33.7 16.7 7.4 49.6 10.9 69.8 12.1 32.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

123 31 7 90.0 5.0 38.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.5 14.9 17.5 9.0 3.1


30 0.0 19.3 12.4

14 0.0 21.1 18.0

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. 64.6 31.9 35.2 .. .. 30.7 4.8 3.5

–1.0 43.7 57.4 61.5 .. .. 40.8 0.3 5.8

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

.. 58 .. 0.0 0.2

56.9 80 52.0 14.6 1.7

12.1 324




2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

153

Netherlands High income Highincome group 2008


2008

15.9 8.1 3.0 26,580 4.1 2.6 24.9 15.6 72.4 2.3 1.1 70.1 64.5

16.4 8.9 2.8 49,340 1.9 1.7 25.5 13.7 72.9 2.5 0.7 76.9 68.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 9.4 8.1

30 10 6 17.0 1.1 39.3 26 11.3 10.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 16.4 21.9 ..

.. –0.3 20.5 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


2.0 52.1 .. .. 5.1 1.8 134.2 0.6 1.9

0.3 43.4 .. .. 3.2 0.8 193.2 1.9 0.2

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


90.0 6,560 .. 67.5 44.0

.. 7,097 .. 125.4 87.0

87.0 9,753


154

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Netherlands Antilles High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.18 0.08 14.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 1.8 .. ..

0.20 0.09 12.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.9 1.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.7 5.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 3.4 5.9

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.0

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. 5,402 .. 16.5 1.1

.. 5,658 .. 108.6 ..

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

155

New Caledonia High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.21 0.09 .. 14,020 0.2 3.7 19.6 4.0 76.7 .. 129.5 13.1 33.0

0.25 0.10 16.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 23.4 14.1

.. .. .. 79.6 34.5

87.0 9,753



156

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

New Zealand High income Highincome group 2008


2008

3.9 1.9 5.9 13,450 2.6 8.9 25.3 16.9 65.8 2.6 2.2 35.5 33.8

4.3 2.3 4.1 27,830 3.1 6.4 25.5 .. 68.0 4.5 1.4 29.0 29.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 14.2 14.0

2 1 1 .. 1.3 32.8 30 15.7 27.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 7.5 20.4 ..

.. 4.2 23.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.7 33.8 .. .. .. .. 111.6 5.8 2.9

3.2 38.9 .. .. .. .. 150.4 8.3 4.7

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


62.8 9,076 .. 40.0 47.5

65.4 9,622 .. 108.2 71.4

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

157

Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income


2008


5.1 1.9 9.8 730 5.0 20.9 28.2 17.0 50.9 7.1 12.7 23.9 51.1

5.7 2.3 5.2 1,080 3.5 19.4 29.6 18.9 51.1 19.8 19.4 33.2 67.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.4

117 39 6 22.0 2.2 63.2 .. .. 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

9.3 2.6 13.0 62.7 18.7


219 6.8 26.5 19.8

156 9.5 29.4 24.4

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–3.6 .. 31.7 33.5 6.3 5.2 33.2 8.8 7.3

–1.1 .. 36.1 33.3 .. .. 36.4 –3.1 6.6

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


11.1 337 .. 1.8 1.0

.. 446 12.5 54.8 3.3

37.6 1,310


158

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Niger Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


11.0 3.6 1.5 170 3.4 37.8 17.8 6.8 44.4 2.9 712.0 17.8 25.7

14.7 4.6 .. 330 4.4 40.0 17.3 6.4 42.7 11.3 447.8 15.4 24.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

174 17 9 35.0 5.0 46.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

21.1 13.7 9.3 37.1 4.6


13 0.5 11.2 4.6

55 2.7 18.9 12.5

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 5.8 5.5 .. .. 4.8 .. ..

–0.9 .. 9.0 8.7 .. .. 11.0 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

25.7 .. .. 0.0 0.0

20.7 .. 20.1 12.9 0.5

12.1 324




2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

159

Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


124.8 39.2 .. 270 2.7 48.6 30.5 3.4 20.9 6.9 101.7 54.0 32.0

151.2 48.6 .. 1,170 6.6 32.7 40.7 2.6 26.6 11.6 118.5 41.6 24.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

125 31 8 50.0 2.0 32.2 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.1 22.9 2.7 7.5 8.5


76 2.5 .. ..

3,377 1.8 .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 15.5 12.6 7.4 22.6 12.5 –12.2 9.6

.. .. 17.3 13.4 18.0 6.3 33.9 4.1 3.5

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

30.9 73 .. 0.0 0.1

15.0 137 26.3 41.7 15.9

37.6 1,310



160

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Northern Mariana Islands High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.09 .. 8.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 4.3 ..

.. .. .. 26.2 ..

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

161

Norway High income Highincome group 2008


2008

4.5 2.4 3.4 35,860 3.6 2.1 42.0 10.6 56.0 3.1 8.8 46.5 29.4

4.8 2.6 2.6 87,340 2.4 1.2 46.2 9.5 52.6 3.8 5.6 48.1 28.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 8.5 3.4

10 7 5 13.0 0.9 41.6 28 13.6 5.9

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 4.1 18.4 ..

.. –0.3 20.8 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


15.7 23.5 66.3 44.0 7.0 1.2 75.8 –5.8 2.2

19.9 44.9 83.2 50.5 4.2 0.8 87.9 –2.1 1.8

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

76.0 24,994 .. 71.8 26.7

79.6 24,980 .. 110.1 82.5

87.0 9,753



162

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Oman High income


2008


2.4 0.88 .. 6,720 3.2 2.0 57.2 5.4 40.8 –0.8 0.4 59.2 31.4

2.8 1.1 .. 14,330 4.0 1.9 55.1 8.3 43.0 12.1 0.4 55.9 40.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 9.8 1.3

65 12 5 4.0 4.0 21.6 12 16.4 3.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 31.0 14.7 10.8


.. 0.4 11.9 4.4

.. 7.5 .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–4.4 19.1 44.4 31.2 12.8 11.3 36.8 –8.3 2.4

.. .. 34.3 29.4 15.5 2.4 35.9 2.1 2.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

30.0 3,140 .. 6.7 3.5

41.3 4,484 .. 115.6 20.0

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

163

Pakistan South Asia

Lower middle income


2008

138.1 41.6 7.2 490 3.0 25.9 23.3 14.7 50.7 4.4 53.6 13.4 14.7

166.1 55.8 5.1 950 5.4 20.4 26.9 19.7 52.7 20.3 70.4 12.8 23.8


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.0

85 20 10 90.0 2.8 31.6 35 .. 0.0

8.7 .. 14.6 .. 17.0

2.2 58.8 9.7 106.3 9.6


77 0.4 15.9 10.3

4,042 3.3 20.4 15.0

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–4.1 79.1 30.2 26.5 4.9 19.5 22.3 .. ..

–7.4 .. 38.2 34.7 10.4 9.1 29.5 –2.9 6.0

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


56.0 374 .. 0.2 1.4

65.4 474 34.1 53.0 11.1

37.6 1,310

164

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Palau East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.02 .. .. 6,260 1.2 3.9 15.3 1.4 80.8 .. .. 9.6 106.1

0.02 .. 4.2 8,630 1.8 3.5 20.7 0.5 75.8 .. .. 67.8 64.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

97 28 8 .. 1.0 73.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

.. .. .. 12.3 20.0

.. .. .. 60.2 27.3

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

165

Panama Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


3.0 1.3 13.8 3,740 5.0 7.2 19.1 10.1 73.6 1.5 1.0 72.6 69.8

3.4 1.6 6.8 6,690 6.6 6.4 17.2 6.7 76.3 8.8 1.0 74.9 74.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 .. ..

77 12 6 44.0 2.5 50.1 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

10.3 7.7 19.2 10.2 14.7


111 5.4 21.2 17.9

942 10.4 22.2 16.6

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–0.8 .. 94.5 73.8 9.6 1.4 101.9 11.9 3.4

.. .. 81.5 78.3 13.4 1.7 89.7 –0.3 4.6

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


34.6 1,301 .. 13.9 6.6

.. 1,592 4.2 115.2 27.5

41.8 3,052


166

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific



2008

5.4 2.3 2.8 620 –0.8 35.8 41.4 7.5 22.8 15.6 2.8 66.2 49.2

6.6 2.9 .. 1,040 2.9 33.6 47.9 5.6 18.4 10.8 2.7 72.5 60.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

102 56 8 39.0 3.0 42.3 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


71 2.7 20.4 ..

150 –0.4 18.1 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–1.9 57.7 .. .. .. .. 17.2 3.9 9.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 24.8 –2.1 8.0

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

3.5 .. .. 0.2 0.8

.. .. .. 9.1 1.8

37.6 1,310




2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

167

Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 5.4 6.2 Population (millions) 2.3 2.9 Labor force (millions) 7.6 5.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1,350 2,110 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.1 3.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 17.0 20.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.5 18.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 60.5 61.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 9.0 10.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3,486.4 4,363.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 38.2 53.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 58.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)


35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

124 35 7 99.0 3.9 35.0 10 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.9 24.5 8.2 27.2 7.1


30 1.5 17.5 ..

179 2.0 19.6 15.1

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 28.4 22.0 12.4 12.3 29.8 13.1 11.1

3.4 .. 18.4 17.2 11.2 1.2 24.5 17.4 22.7

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


50.8 880 .. 15.3 0.7

.. 958 2.3 95.5 14.3

37.6 1,310

168

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Peru Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008

26.0 11.2 7.4 2,050 2.4 8.5 29.9 15.8 61.6 3.8 3.5 16.0 18.2

28.8 13.3 7.0 3,990 6.0 7.2 36.2 15.9 56.6 5.8 2.9 27.1 26.5


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 1.4

56 41 9 17.0 3.1 40.3 30 .. ..

.. .. 26.3 .. 2.6

13.5 1.6 30.9 81.6 14.6


952 1.5 20.2 16.3

1,520 3.2 26.1 21.7

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–2.1 .. 29.0 26.1 9.1 9.0 26.0 25.4 20.2

2.0 24.3 23.3 26.1 8.3 2.2 24.8 20.9 20.2

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


13.4 678 .. 4.9 3.1

13.9 961 0.9 72.7 24.7

41.8 3,052


2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

169

Philippines East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income


2008


77.7 31.5 10.1 1,030 3.5 15.8 32.3 22.2 52.0 4.0 44.2 55.4 53.5

90.3 37.9 7.4 1,890 5.1 14.9 31.6 22.3 53.5 9.3 44.3 36.9 38.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. 0.3

144 52 15 91.0 5.7 49.4 35 .. 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

6.9 21.8 21.8 23.1 15.8


2,153 3.0 21.2 14.6

3,217 0.8 14.7 11.4

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–3.9 52.9 50.3 54.0 13.6 24.0 43.8 4.3 2.6

–1.3 77.7 36.2 51.0 11.1 4.5 28.8 1.1 4.3

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


20.0 501 .. 8.3 2.0

9.9 586 .. 75.4 6.2

37.6 1,310


170

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Poland Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

38.5 17.4 16.1 4,590 5.4 5.0 31.7 18.5 63.3 10.1 4.3 27.1 33.5

38.1 17.7 7.1 11,730 4.4 4.5 30.8 17.3 64.6 4.3 2.4 39.8 43.5


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.9 0.9

72 32 6 13.0 3.0 42.5 19 5.0 1.0

7.8 29.4 29.2 8.2 11.4

12.8 4.8 40.7 83.0 17.3


7,807 5.5 23.7 21.3

5,104 2.8 22.0 17.4

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–2.8 33.0 33.6 34.0 7.1 15.5 26.6 12.0 5.8

–3.7 44.8 55.4 42.1 7.9 4.4 49.8 3.9 3.3

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

68.3 3,240 .. 17.5 7.3

90.3 3,662 2.3 115.2 49.0

41.8 3,052



2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

171

Portugal High income


2008


10.2 5.2 3.9 11,590 4.2 3.8 27.6 17.1 68.6 2.8 1.1 29.8 40.6

10.6 5.6 7.6 20,680 0.9 2.4 23.9 14.3 73.7 2.6 0.7 32.9 42.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 7.0 2.7

48 6 6 97.0 2.0 42.9 25 7.3 4.4

.. .. .. .. ..

1.1 52.1 24.4 5.7 12.7


.. 5.9 27.1 ..

.. 1.5 21.7 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–2.6 60.2 106.4 88.5 5.8 2.2 131.5 1.9 2.8

–2.7 76.0 .. .. 6.1 2.0 179.7 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


86.0 4,014 .. 65.2 16.4

86.0 4,860 .. 140.4 42.1

87.0 9,753


172

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Puerto Rico High income Highincome group 2008


2008

3.8 1.4 10.1 10,560 4.4 0.9 41.3 38.3 57.8 .. .. 75.2 98.0

4.0 1.5 11.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

35 7 7 .. 3.8 64.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

94.0 .. .. 24.3 10.5

95.0 .. .. 85.8 25.3

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

173

Qatar High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.62 0.35 3.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 3.6 67.3 22.3

1.3 0.90 .. .. 9.0 .. .. .. .. 15.0 3.6 64.2 38.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

39 6 6 69.0 2.8 11.3 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. 19.5 ..

.. .. 30.2 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. 26.8 .. ..

12.5 .. 55.5 38.3 .. .. 46.7 –10.0 3.9

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

90.0 13,782 .. 19.6 4.9

.. 12,915 .. 131.4 34.0

87.0 9,753



174

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Romania Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

22.4 11.8 7.1 1,690 –2.1 12.5 36.4 14.5 51.1 45.7 2.2 32.7 37.9

21.5 10.0 5.8 8,280 6.4 7.1 25.2 20.9 67.6 7.8 2.5 29.9 40.4


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 5.2 2.3

55 10 6 8.0 3.3 44.6 16 11.9 6.7

8.6 35.2 19.8 20.1 21.7

9.2 12.1 37.3 42.0 26.1


901 2.8 18.9 ..

3,647 6.9 31.1 26.7

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–2.0 .. 11.7 17.4 8.6 3.3 7.2 6.7 20.7

–4.6 .. 37.0 27.9 7.0 13.8 38.5 3.1 5.5

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

49.5 1,988 .. 11.1 3.6

30.2 2,452 3.0 113.7 28.8

41.8 3,052



2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

175

Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

146.3 72.3 9.8 1,710 1.2 6.4 37.9 17.6 55.6 20.8 28.1 44.1 24.0

142.0 76.0 6.2 9,660 6.7 5.0 37.2 18.0 57.8 14.1 24.9 30.8 22.0


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 43 14.0 2.2

120 30 9 17.0 3.8 48.3 24 15.0 4.9

8.2 54.2 11.1 10.2 20.3

19.9 17.4 30.6 57.5 11.7


1,939 1.0 16.9 15.1

19,450 4.3 22.0 18.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


7.0 49.0 .. .. 12.1 7.7 13.3 –9.6 17.9

5.6 6.4 .. .. 13.6 3.8 41.0 –5.8 6.5

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

67.4 5,209 .. 2.2 2.0

80.9 6,317 1.5 140.6 31.9

41.8 3,052


176

2010


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


8.0 3.7 .. 250 10.1 37.2 13.6 7.0 49.2 3.9 389.7 8.7 25.7

9.7 4.8 .. 440 6.7 37.4 14.1 4.5 48.5 15.4 546.8 14.9 31.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

67 3 2 26.0 .. 31.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.9 4.9 15.9 18.2 10.8


8 0.5 18.3 12.1

44 2.3 24.1 13.1

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 10.6 12.1 8.1 57.0 10.4 20.6 6.9

.. .. 12.7 14.7 12.3 12.6 12.1 –0.8 9.3

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

.. .. .. 0.5 0.1

19.0 .. 13.6 13.6 3.1

12.1 324




2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

177

Samoa East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income


2008


0.18 0.06 5.0 1,360 3.3 16.8 26.0 14.8 57.2 1.0 3.3 33.8 57.2

0.18 0.06 1.3 2,820 4.0 10.8 29.3 11.7 60.0 11.5 2.6 33.5 55.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

57 9 5 9.0 2.5 18.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. 19.6 .. 9.8 ..


10 –0.7 .. ..

.. 1.1 .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 31.7 32.6 .. .. 30.6 8.0 4.5

.. .. 38.2 39.3 .. .. 43.7 9.6 6.6

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


14.2 .. .. 1.4 0.6

.. .. .. 69.3 5.0

37.6 1,310


178

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

San Marino High income Highincome group 2008


2008

.. .. 3.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.1 .. ..

0.03 .. 2.6 46,770 3.9 .. .. .. .. 4.3 0.7 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.3 16.5 .. .. .. .. .. 6.5 6.6

6.2 62.0 .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 5.0

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 77.4 54.8

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

179

São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa


Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 0.14 0.16 Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 Labor force (millions) 14.4 16.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1,030 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 6.5 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 19.7 16.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.9 20.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 5.7 6.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 63.5 62.7 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7,978.2 14,695.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

180 144 10 91.0 .. 47.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


2 3.9 .. ..

50 18.9 .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.3 25.7 18.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28.3 7.0 19.7

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


68.1 .. .. 0.0 4.6

.. .. .. 30.6 15.5

37.6 1,310

180

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Saudi Arabia High income Highincome group 2008


2008

20.6 6.9 4.6 8,140 2.3 4.9 53.9 9.7 41.1 –1.1 3.8 43.7 24.9

24.6 9.0 5.6 17,870 4.1 2.3 70.2 8.3 27.4 9.9 3.8 68.9 37.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. ..

13 5 4 80.0 1.5 14.5 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. –1.0 17.5 ..

.. 4.8 19.3 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 40.6 15.3 9.6 10.4 52.5 .. ..

.. .. 48.3 19.2 10.0 1.4 55.4 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

29.9 5,670 .. 6.7 2.2

21.5 7,247 .. 146.1 31.5

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

181

Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


9.9 4.1 .. 510 4.4 19.1 23.2 14.7 57.6 0.7 712.0 27.9 37.2

12.2 5.2 11.1 980 4.5 15.7 21.7 12.8 62.6 5.8 447.8 25.0 47.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 6.3 0.0

157 8 4 38.0 3.0 46.0 .. 2.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 18.7 19.8 9.4 6.1


79 1.3 22.4 17.9

432 5.3 30.2 20.2

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–0.9 73.7 19.6 17.1 9.9 18.1 18.7 .. ..

.. .. 24.2 24.4 9.1 19.1 24.2 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


29.3 101 .. 2.5 0.4

29.3 128 11.8 44.1 8.4

12.1 324


182

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Serbia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

7.5 .. .. 1,470 0.0 20.6 31.4 .. 48.1 71.1 63.2 23.0 39.1

7.4 .. 13.6 5,590 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 12.9 55.7 29.7 52.4


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

88 13 7 25.0 2.7 34.0 10 13.0 1.6

10.3 44.8 10.6 8.7 9.6

12.2 3.6 42.8 109.5 21.8


345 0.3 12.3 9.5

250 6.0 20.4 16.7

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. .. .. 18.3 21.6 47.5 –41.3 30.4

–1.6 .. .. .. 20.5 5.3 38.4 0.5 10.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


62.7 4,199 .. .. ..

.. 4,155 1.1 130.9 44.9

41.8 3,052


2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

183

Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa



2008

0.08 .. 9.8 7,420 6.6 3.0 29.0 19.2 68.0 6.3 5.7 78.2 81.4

0.09 .. 5.5 10,220 2.0 2.3 22.4 13.4 75.3 37.0 9.5 130.9 152.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

111 38 9 39.0 .. 44.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


7 4.0 25.2 13.8

15 43.7 28.3 24.6

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–13.9 .. 90.2 80.7 .. .. 22.3 9.4 6.0

8.1 .. 104.5 105.4 .. .. 38.4 –10.8 7.8

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

84.5 .. .. 32.0 7.4

96.0 .. .. 107.5 39.0

41.8 3,052



184

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 4.2 5.6 Population (millions) 1.7 2.1 Labor force (millions) .. 3.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 150 320 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) –5.0 10.3 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 58.4 50.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.4 23.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.3 26.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 17.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2,092.1 2,981.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 18.1 16.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 29.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

148 12 6 189.0 2.6 235.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.4 8.6 6.9 14.8 13.8


3 6.1 6.9 1.7

22 –0.2 14.7 8.6

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–9.3 247.4 7.3 8.5 18.5 37.9 2.1 19.0 17.0

–2.4 .. 9.7 11.9 18.7 23.3 7.1 12.0 14.8

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

7.9 .. .. 0.3 0.1

.. .. 15.9 18.1 0.3

12.1 324



2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

185

Singapore High income Highincome group 2008


2008

4.0 2.1 6.0 22,960 5.7 0.1 35.6 27.7 64.3 1.4 1.7 191.4 176.4

4.8 2.6 3.2 34,760 5.8 0.1 27.8 20.8 72.2 6.5 1.4 234.3 215.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 26 10.0 2.8

1 3 3 4.0 0.8 27.8 18 19.4 7.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 17.8 30.6 22.5

.. 12.5 28.5 17.0

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


11.4 86.9 117.0 109.8 10.0 3.4 109.5 2.0 4.1

8.1 102.6 110.5 111.1 8.5 1.4 107.9 4.2 5.0

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 7,575 .. 68.2 32.3

100.0 8,514 .. 131.7 69.6

87.0 9,753


186

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Slovak Republic High income


2008

5.4 2.6 18.8 5,370 3.7 4.5 36.2 24.7 59.3 12.0 1.5 70.5 73.0

5.4 2.7 9.5 16,590 6.3 3.1 38.0 23.9 58.9 4.6 0.7 83.0 85.3


28.1 28.5


.. .. .. .. .. .. 29 8.1 1.7

42 16 6 26.0 4.0 48.6 19 11.8 4.1

6.1 41.2 9.6 15.2 20.0

6.7 3.1 31.5 25.0 27.0


.. 7.2 25.8 23.8

.. 3.3 26.1 22.2

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. 81.1 54.3 4.6 13.7 51.1 5.0 6.4

–2.2 36.6 55.2 50.4 9.8 3.2 44.7 6.8 4.3

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

87.0 4,956 .. 23.1 9.4

87.0 5,250 1.3 102.1 66.0

87.0 9,753



2010

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

187

Slovenia High income


2008

2.0 0.96 7.2 11,090 4.4 3.3 35.8 25.8 60.9 8.9 0.9 53.9 57.4

2.0 1.0 4.4 24,230 4.4 2.4 34.4 23.4 63.3 5.7 0.7 70.2 71.5


28.1 28.5


.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 4.0 1.2

53 6 3 37.0 2.0 37.5 22 10.5 3.5

4.4 14.7 12.7 6.4 32.0

7.3 14.0 52.2 60.8 28.0


.. 0.7 26.1 57.3

.. 3.5 27.5 59.1

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–1.1 22.2 43.6 41.2 10.1 6.5 35.9 9.9 5.7

–0.2 .. 70.0 51.9 8.4 1.6 85.6 2.5 2.6

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 5,778 .. 61.1 15.1

100.0 7,138 2.7 101.7 55.7

87.0 9,753


188

2010


19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.42 0.09 31.9 1,000 –1.9 34.7 12.7 8.0 52.6 7.9 5.1 24.1 38.6

0.51 0.11 .. 1,010 4.5 36.0 6.8 4.9 57.2 17.3 7.7 36.1 57.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

104 57 7 44.0 1.0 36.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 3.0 6.1 ..

5 11.8 13.4 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 23.5 24.1 .. .. 23.3 3.5 12.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 41.7 0.1 13.4

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

2.4 .. .. 0.3 0.5

.. .. .. 5.9 2.0

37.6 1,310




2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

189

Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa



2008

7.4 2.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.9 3.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


1 .. .. ..

1 .. .. ..

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

11.8 .. .. 1.1 0.2

.. .. .. 7.0 1.1

12.1 324



190

2010


976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income


2008


44.0 15.3 26.7 3,050 2.5 3.3 31.8 19.0 64.9 5.3 6.9 27.9 24.9

48.7 18.6 22.9 5,820 4.3 3.3 33.7 18.8 63.0 9.9 8.3 35.4 38.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 38 5.8 1.1

34 22 6 24.0 2.0 30.2 35 7.5 1.4

.. .. .. .. ..

6.0 3.1 34.8 15.8 26.4


1,891 0.7 15.1 12.4

1,927 3.5 23.2 15.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–2.0 45.3 70.7 50.1 8.7 3.1 133.7 5.2 5.3

–0.4 .. 81.3 59.8 7.9 3.9 145.2 3.9 3.5

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


20.3 4,417 .. 19.0 5.5

.. 4,986 2.1 92.4 8.6

41.8 3,052



2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

191

Spain High income


2008


40.3 18.0 13.9 15,420 4.2 4.4 29.2 18.6 66.4 3.4 1.1 29.0 32.2

45.6 22.8 11.3 31,930 3.3 2.8 28.9 15.2 68.3 4.1 0.7 26.4 32.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.8 4.2

62 47 10 56.0 1.0 56.9 30 6.0 5.3

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 14.3 32.6 9.3 21.3


.. 6.7 25.8 ..

.. 4.4 29.4 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


–0.5 58.9 105.6 58.1 8.5 1.2 97.7 1.7 2.2

–2.0 33.8 .. .. 6.4 3.4 201.4 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


99.0 5,207 .. 60.3 13.6

99.0 6,296 .. 109.0 55.4

87.0 9,753


192

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Sri Lanka South Asia

Lower middle income


2008


18.7 7.8 7.7 880 5.1 19.9 27.3 16.8 52.8 6.2 77.0 39.0 49.6

20.2 8.3 5.2 1,780 5.5 13.4 29.4 18.0 57.3 22.6 108.3 24.9 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.2

105 38 4 217.0 1.7 63.7 35 .. 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

3.5 2.7 26.2 83.4 ..


160 1.1 28.0 24.8

301 1.9 25.3 19.3

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–8.4 96.9 32.1 31.1 4.4 15.3 28.8 8.3 7.0

–6.5 85.0 38.6 32.3 .. .. 28.9 2.2 8.0

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


85.8 296 .. 2.3 0.6

81.0 417 .. 55.0 5.8

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

193

St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean



2008

0.04 .. .. 6,470 4.3 2.7 28.8 10.4 68.5 2.0 2.7 46.0 76.3

0.05 .. .. 10,870 4.3 2.6 26.6 8.3 70.8 5.5 2.7 40.9 71.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

76 45 8 13.0 .. 52.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


4 29.5 50.1 39.7

1 16.1 41.6 41.9

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 117.3 108.6 .. .. 77.3 6.8 6.8

–3.3 95.8 140.0 138.6 .. .. 78.8 10.8 4.2

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

42.5 .. .. 2.7 6.1

.. .. .. 162.6 32.5

41.8 3,052



194

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean



2008

0.16 0.06 16.5 4,130 3.0 7.1 19.0 5.1 74.0 3.6 2.7 53.3 63.0

0.17 0.08 21.0 5,410 3.2 4.8 17.8 5.8 77.5 7.1 2.7 51.5 75.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

36 14 5 56.0 2.0 34.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


15 7.6 25.7 16.5

11 10.5 25.9 18.1

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 84.4 70.8 .. .. 77.6 10.7 8.3

.. .. 119.9 93.0 .. .. 128.2 6.6 6.9

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

.. .. .. 1.6 5.1

.. .. .. 99.6 58.8

41.8 3,052




2010

949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

195

St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean



2008

0.11 0.05 .. 2,920 5.7 10.7 23.7 6.0 65.7 0.2 2.7 52.9 59.1

0.11 0.05 .. 5,050 4.8 7.9 29.2 4.4 62.9 10.1 2.7 43.0 66.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

70 11 7 54.0 .. 41.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 11.1 27.0 20.0

35 20.0 37.9 27.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 76.8 85.7 .. .. 64.7 11.1 6.9

.. .. 73.9 69.8 .. .. 56.9 0.5 6.7

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


68.0 .. .. 2.2 3.2

70.0 .. .. 119.2 60.5

41.8 3,052


196

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa



2008

34.9 10.5 .. 320 6.2 41.7 21.5 8.6 36.8 8.0 2.6 15.3 17.7

41.3 13.1 .. 1,100 7.4 25.8 34.1 5.7 40.1 14.3 2.1 23.8 23.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

154 36 10 118.0 .. 36.1 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


12 3.2 12.1 9.7

207 4.6 20.2 12.8

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–0.4 8.7 2.1 5.3 .. .. 2.2 .. ..

.. .. 13.3 14.3 .. .. 10.9 .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


36.3 62 .. 0.1 0.0

.. 90 .. 29.0 10.2

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

197

Suriname Latin America & Caribbean



2008

0.47 0.16 13.8 1,930 1.7 11.2 25.2 9.0 63.7 59.4 1.3 19.7 33.2

0.52 0.19 .. 4,760 5.4 4.7 40.2 20.7 55.1 13.2 2.7 30.7 45.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

155 694 13 26.0 5.0 27.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. –16.6 12.4 9.8

60 –7.7 25.1 19.8

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 12.3 17.6 .. .. 8.4 –16.7 13.5

.. .. 26.5 48.2 .. .. 26.1 –5.7 5.9

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6


26.0 .. .. 8.8 2.5

26.3 .. .. 80.8 9.7

41.8 3,052


198

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income


2008


1.1 0.37 22.5 1,550 4.3 12.5 45.0 39.5 42.6 12.2 6.9 76.1 90.1

1.2 0.44 28.2 2,600 2.6 7.3 49.4 44.4 43.3 13.7 8.3 68.6 80.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

115 61 13 53.0 2.0 36.6 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

4.4 3.3 7.7 16.9 22.1


5 6.1 17.4 11.5

20 0.4 16.5 8.0

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 13.2 19.6 .. .. 12.8 13.8 7.5

–2.8 .. 22.6 19.5 20.7 8.4 23.6 4.3 6.7

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


30.0 .. .. 3.1 0.9

.. .. 2.5 45.5 6.9

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

199

Sweden High income Highincome group 2008


2008

8.9 4.5 5.8 29,280 3.4 2.0 28.6 22.0 69.4 1.0 9.2 46.6 40.3

9.2 5.0 6.2 50,910 2.8 1.6 27.9 20.0 70.5 3.4 6.6 54.2 46.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 7.5 3.6

18 15 3 26.0 2.0 54.6 28 8.6 4.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 9.0 17.6 ..

.. 8.7 19.5 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


0.5 60.7 46.4 0.1 6.5 1.6 42.6 4.3 3.7

.. 47.3 134.4 54.0 4.7 1.0 129.6 2.4 2.5

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

77.5 15,687 .. 71.8 45.6

31.7 15,238 .. 118.1 87.7

87.0 9,753



200

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

Switzerland High income Highincome group 2008


2008

7.2 4.0 2.7 40,270 2.0 1.6 27.3 19.0 71.1 1.5 1.7 46.5 40.7

7.6 4.4 3.4 55,510 1.9 1.2 28.0 19.9 70.8 2.4 1.1 55.9 46.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 12.7 3.3

21 20 6 13.0 3.0 29.7 21 11.3 3.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 7.9 22.7 ..

.. 1.3 22.0 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


2.2 25.6 172.9 129.4 6.0 4.1 158.5 3.1 1.3

1.1 23.6 179.8 134.7 4.6 0.5 168.2 1.1 3.2

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


.. 7,847 .. 64.6 47.9

100.0 8,164 .. 116.3 75.9

87.0 9,753



2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

201

Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income


2008


16.5 4.9 2.3 960 2.2 23.8 37.9 6.5 38.3 –3.8 11.2 35.4 28.6

20.6 6.7 10.3 2,160 4.4 20.0 35.0 12.8 45.0 15.7 11.2 31.3 31.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 9.2 0.0

143 17 7 80.0 4.1 42.9 28 9.5 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

10.3 68.8 7.6 61.8 7.4


161 1.4 17.3 6.3

95 3.1 16.4 9.0

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 33.6 32.6 .. .. 8.3 –0.6 5.0

.. .. 32.1 40.1 .. .. 15.6 –3.1 1.8

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

.. 1,058 .. 0.2 0.2

.. 1,469 .. 34.3 17.3

37.6 1,310



202

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia

Low income


2008

6.2 2.0 .. 160 1.1 27.4 38.9 33.7 33.7 38.6 2.1 98.8 100.9

6.8 2.8 .. 600 8.6 18.0 22.9 16.5 59.0 20.5 3.4 16.7 58.3

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1

152 25 12 30.0 3.0 85.9 .. .. 0.2

6.1 87.2 3.9 11.9 8.6

11.7 33.0 21.4 28.3 16.7


9 2.7 9.5 2.8

53 7.3 19.3 5.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–0.8 114.1 11.9 2.8 .. .. 13.8 2.4 24.3

–6.6 .. 19.5 7.4 .. .. 29.0 –3.1 14.4

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


.. 2,177 .. 0.0 0.0

.. 2,176 6.3 53.7 8.8

12.1 324


2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

203

Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008

34.1 42.5 16.8 20.8 5.1 4.3 270 440 3.9 6.8 45.0 45.3 15.7 17.4 7.5 6.9 39.2 37.3 5.9 10.3 800.4 1,196.3 16.8 21.7 24.2 27.5

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 0.2

131 29 12 18.0 3.0 45.2 30 6.6 0.2

.. .. .. .. ..

4.0 14.7 6.8 44.3 14.7


61 5.1 17.4 11.4

477 3.6 16.4 9.8

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 13.1 14.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 16.3 5.6 6.9

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

.. 58 .. 0.3 0.1

8.6 82 12.0 30.6 1.2

12.1 324


204

2010


44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Thailand East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income


2008


62.3 34.3 2.4 1,960 –0.7 9.0 42.0 33.6 49.0 1.6 40.1 66.8 58.1

67.4 38.5 1.4 3,670 5.2 11.6 44.2 34.9 44.2 5.5 33.3 76.6 73.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 8.2 0.4

12 32 7 54.0 2.7 37.2 30 8.5 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

0.4 .. 74.4 27.9 39.0


1,377 2.7 22.0 13.8

2,747 3.6 27.4 20.8

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 131.6 103.3 7.5 17.7 108.3 6.4 4.5

0.5 24.0 103.9 93.3 9.5 5.7 113.1 3.1 4.6

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


98.5 1,462 .. 4.9 3.7

.. 2,055 1.3 92.0 23.9

37.6 1,310



2010

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

205

Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.82 0.28 .. 330 .. 25.8 18.5 2.8 55.7 .. 180.1 .. ..

1.1 0.43 .. 2,460 1.9 .. .. .. .. 9.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

164 83 10 17.0 .. 0.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. 2.6 .. 9.1 ..


.. .. 21.8 7.7

.. .. .. ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20.6 2.2 12.3

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

37.6 1,310



206

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Togo Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008


5.2 2.2 .. 280 4.2 34.2 17.8 8.4 47.9 1.9 712.0 30.7 50.7

6.5 2.9 .. 410 2.4 43.7 24.0 10.1 32.4 8.7 447.8 41.9 62.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

165 75 7 36.0 3.0 52.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.7 16.4 16.9 53.9 6.6


68 3.2 17.8 14.8

190 2.3 22.3 19.5

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 17.0 14.8 .. .. 15.6 .. ..

0.3 .. 21.5 23.9 .. .. 18.7 .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


31.6 89 .. 1.0 1.9

.. 96 11.1 24.0 5.4

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

207

Tonga East Asia & Pacific



2008

0.10 0.04 .. 1,650 1.7 28.0 16.2 5.1 55.8 6.3 1.8 14.9 51.8

0.10 0.04 1.1 2,690 1.2 25.6 14.4 2.7 60.1 10.4 1.9 14.1 70.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

52 25 4 .. 2.7 27.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


7 3.0 17.9 ..

10 2.2 17.1 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. 55.1 40.3 .. .. 62.1 9.7 6.0

.. .. 58.9 45.9 .. .. 63.3 7.3 5.9

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


27.0 .. .. 0.2 2.4

.. .. .. 48.7 8.1

37.6 1,310


208

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Trinidad and Tobago High income Highincome group 2008


2008

1.3 0.59 12.1 5,190 5.0 1.4 49.5 7.3 49.1 3.6 6.3 59.1 45.5

1.3 0.69 6.5 16,590 8.4 0.3 62.4 5.3 37.3 12.0 6.3 73.4 42.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

81 43 9 67.0 .. 33.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 8.3 20.0 14.3

.. 3.8 25.3 19.4

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


2.0 .. 35.4 48.1 .. .. 43.5 3.2 8.3

0.7 .. 32.7 39.4 .. .. 28.9 5.1 5.1

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

51.1 3,907 .. 12.5 7.7

.. 5,642 .. 112.9 17.0

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

209

Tunisia Middle East & North Africa



2008

9.6 3.2 15.7 2,090 5.5 12.3 28.6 18.2 59.1 3.0 1.4 44.5 48.2

10.3 3.8 14.2 3,480 4.9 9.9 32.6 17.9 57.5 4.9 1.2 61.0 65.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.9 0.9

69 11 10 17.0 1.3 62.8 30 10.5 1.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


261 3.9 26.0 13.7

99 6.5 25.3 12.3

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–2.7 62.6 57.8 45.3 7.5 21.6 66.3 .. ..

–0.7 48.2 63.9 49.7 .. 15.5 66.6 .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


68.4 991 .. 1.2 2.7

65.8 1,248 .. 83.3 27.1

37.6 1,310


210

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Turkey Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income


2008

66.5 23.1 6.5 3,990 3.5 11.3 31.5 22.5 57.2 54.9 0.6 20.1 23.1

73.9 25.8 9.4 9,020 5.7 8.6 27.6 18.3 63.7 10.4 1.3 23.9 28.4


27.8 27.2


.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 9.4 1.6

73 6 6 95.0 3.3 44.5 20 12.3 1.9

3.5 49.4 13.3 2.7 8.7

27.1 4.0 51.9 7.4 30.0


8,215 0.4 20.4 15.7

9,231 2.5 19.9 16.0

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


.. .. 32.6 28.5 6.1 9.2 18.4 .. ..

–1.9 44.5 45.6 37.4 11.7 3.6 32.6 .. ..

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

34.0 1,573 .. 24.3 3.8

.. 2,238 4.1 89.1 34.4

41.8 3,052



2010

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

211

Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia


Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 4.5 Population (millions) 1.8 Labor force (millions) .. Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 650 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3.9 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 24.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 44.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5,200.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 95.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

5.0 2.4 .. 2,840 14.5 12.3 53.7 21.7 34.0 .. .. 80.5 50.8

3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


20 4.5 34.7 ..

58 5.3 6.5 6.0

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

81.2 1,698 .. 0.2 0.1

.. 2,279 .. 22.5 1.5

37.6 1,310


212

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 24.4 31.7 Population (millions) 10.5 13.6 Labor force (millions) .. 3.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 270 420 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6.4 7.5 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 29.6 22.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.9 25.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 47.5 51.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.4 12.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1,644.5 1,720.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.6 15.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.5 33.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 0.4

112 25 18 13.0 2.2 35.7 30 10.0 0.7

.. .. .. .. ..

5.2 14.5 7.7 33.0 15.5


57 2.6 19.2 13.2

821 5.5 23.3 17.9

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–1.9 42.9 9.7 10.7 9.8 9.8 6.2 13.3 13.1

–1.5 28.9 13.9 13.7 13.8 2.2 13.9 13.3 9.8

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

.. .. .. 0.5 0.2

23.0 .. 11.0 27.0 7.9

12.1 324



2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

213

Ukraine Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income


2008

49.2 23.4 11.6 700 –1.9 17.1 36.3 19.2 46.6 28.2 5.4 62.4 57.4

46.3 23.1 6.4 3,210 7.2 8.3 36.9 23.3 54.8 25.2 5.3 41.7 47.8


35.4 33.7


.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 8.0 0.9

142 27 10 13.0 2.9 57.2 25 7.9 1.3

10.2 58.9 8.1 26.2 14.5

11.3 28.3 32.1 47.9 13.0


206 1.9 19.7 17.3

1,364 6.1 25.6 22.7

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–0.6 45.3 10.7 9.3 16.2 29.6 11.2 15.0 27.8

–1.5 .. 46.5 31.2 14.0 17.4 73.7 –9.0 7.5

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

96.7 2,778 .. 1.7 0.7

97.8 3,529 2.1 120.4 10.5

37.6 1,310


214

2010


34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

United Arab Emirates High income Highincome group 2008


2008

3.2 1.9 2.3 19,320 5.1 3.5 55.7 13.5 40.8 .. 3.7 73.3 55.3

4.5 2.8 3.1 26,360 7.8 1.8 60.6 12.4 37.6 .. 3.7 91.0 66.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

33 15 8 84.0 5.1 14.1 55 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. 22.1 9.5

.. .. 20.4 10.3

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


0.1 .. .. .. 12.9 12.7 46.2 –9.9 3.5

.. .. .. .. 10.6 2.5 72.7 .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

100.0 11,919 .. 44.1 23.6

.. 16,165 .. 208.6 65.2

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

215

United Kingdom High income Highincome group 2008


2008

58.9 29.3 5.6 25,910 3.4 1.0 27.3 17.5 71.7 2.9 0.7 27.6 29.5

61.4 31.5 5.6 46,040 2.5 0.7 23.7 13.3 75.6 4.0 0.5 28.9 32.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 14.9 5.8

5 13 6 22.0 1.0 35.9 28 17.7 11.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 8.3 17.1 ..

.. 3.5 16.7 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


1.7 47.5 120.5 .. 6.5 2.5 129.3 4.7 2.7

–4.7 57.5 198.3 .. 4.4 1.6 211.1 2.3 ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9


100.0 6,115 .. 73.8 26.8

100.0 6,120 .. 126.0 76.0

87.0 9,753


216

2010


1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

United States High income Highincome group 2008


2008

282.2 147.9 4.0 34,410 4.2 1.2 24.2 17.0 74.6 3.4 1.0 11.2 15.1

304.1 158.2 5.8 47,930 2.4 1.3 21.8 13.7 76.9 3.8 1.0 12.1 17.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

4 6 6 .. 1.5 46.3 40 13.1 3.4

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. 3.3 19.9 ..

.. 2.3 18.4 ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


0.5 33.0 55.9 63.7 8.5 1.1 170.7 6.9 ..

–5.5 55.7 70.3 80.5 9.3 3.0 193.7 2.9 ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. 13,670 .. 38.8 43.9

65.3 13,652 .. 89.0 75.9

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

217

Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008


3.3 1.5 13.6 7,100 2.2 7.0 24.5 14.1 68.5 4.8 12.1 16.7 20.0

3.3 1.6 7.6 8,260 3.8 10.8 26.6 17.6 62.6 7.9 20.9 28.3 32.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

114 65 11 31.0 2.1 46.7 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.0 0.6 6.9 38.6 6.8


681 1.2 14.3 10.7

53 6.9 18.7 14.6

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–3.0 40.6 54.7 44.0 7.2 12.4 45.1 41.8 27.8

–0.9 54.0 27.9 36.2 8.9 1.0 26.3 3.4 9.2

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

90.0 1,990 .. 12.4 10.6

10.0 2,197 0.3 105.2 40.2

41.8 3,052



218

2010


949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2

27.8 27.2

47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia



2008

24.7 9.1 .. 630 4.1 34.4 23.1 9.4 42.5 .. 236.6 24.6 21.5

27.3 12.3 .. 910 6.6 21.4 30.8 12.1 47.9 .. .. 41.9 31.5

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.4 0.2

150 15 7 22.0 4.0 94.9 .. 18.2 0.6

5.3 52.7 1.3 7.6 14.8

11.1 52.4 8.2 28.0 1.3


26 0.5 24.0 15.5

344 3.3 23.0 17.2

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

87.3 1,780 .. 0.2 0.5

.. 1,658 6.1 46.6 9.0

12.1 324



2010

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

219

Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income


2008


0.19 0.09 1.6 1,250 2.2 15.6 9.3 4.4 75.1 2.5 137.6 43.6 53.4

0.23 0.12 .. 1,940 3.7 14.3 9.2 2.8 76.5 4.8 101.3 44.7 58.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

59 39 8 56.0 2.6 8.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. 4.6 .. 15.3 ..


6 8.3 21.3 ..

35 5.8 24.2 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


–0.8 29.2 .. .. .. .. 35.1 8.6 8.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 55.2 –2.3 4.0

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6


23.9 .. .. 0.2 2.1

.. .. .. 15.4 7.3

37.6 1,310


220

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income


2008

24.3 10.1 13.2 4,100 0.6 4.2 49.7 19.8 46.1 16.2 0.7 29.7 18.1

27.9 12.7 7.4 9,230 5.2 4.0 57.8 16.4 38.2 31.4 2.1 30.4 20.2


27.8 27.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..

177 141 16 ..a 4.0 61.1 34 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

33.6 2.6 35.7 25.4 12.5


774 4.0 21.0 ..

391 0.1 19.8 ..

82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9


–1.2 .. 11.9 15.0 13.0 6.6 12.5 –3.3 8.9

2.2 .. 22.0 24.2 9.4 1.9 21.5 –6.8 6.2

.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6

33.6 2,655 .. 22.4 3.4

.. 3,077 2.4 97.0 25.7

41.8 3,052


47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5

6.2

95.3 30.6

a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2010

221

Vietnam East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2008

Economic and social context 77.6 86.2 Population (millions) 37.9 45.6 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 390 890 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6.7 7.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 24.5 22.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.7 39.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.6 21.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.7 38.2 Services value added (% of GDP) –1.7 23.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 14,167.8 16,302.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 55.0 78.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 94.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

93 50 11 87.0 5.0 40.1 28 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 33.7 29.4 29.6 11.4


150 4.2 27.6 ..

365 10.6 36.0 ..

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


.. .. 32.0 7.4 .. .. 35.3 6.9 6.9

.. .. 84.0 14.9 .. .. 90.6 –4.9 3.1

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


25.1 295 .. 1.0 0.3

47.6 728 .. 81.2 24.2

12.1 324

222

2010


44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income Highincome group 2008


2008

0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.8 20.7 ..


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9

.. .. .. 32.2 13.8

.. .. .. 73.3 27.3

87.0 9,753




2010

1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8

28.1 28.5

19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5

3.9

106.1 69.1

223

West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income


2008


3.0 0.63 14.1 1,560 7.4 .. .. .. .. 3.0 .. 16.0 71.2

3.9 0.94 26.0 1,250 –0.9 .. .. .. .. 3.5 .. 14.0 68.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

139 49 11 91.0 .. 16.8 16 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.7 2.7 4.2 37.1 18.2


237 1.5 32.7 ..

23 1.2 25.7 ..

31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6


.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 10.5 6.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.5 2.3 4.8

–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6

100.0 .. .. 5.9 1.2

100.0 .. 3.3 29.3 9.0

37.6 1,310



224

2010


3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5

35.4 33.7

34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0

6.6

47.0 13.9

Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa



2008

18.2 4.3 11.5 400 5.6 10.3 46.5 5.2 43.2 4.6 161.7 42.3 36.6

22.9 6.0 .. 960 3.9 14.3 40.3 4.7 45.4 19.0 199.8 38.0 41.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0

99 12 6 17.0 3.0 47.8 35 .. 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..


20 0.1 18.6 13.2

270 5.8 23.1 13.4

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


–2.3 .. 8.6 17.4 .. .. 5.0 –4.9 5.5

.. .. 12.0 18.7 .. .. 7.8 –0.5 5.0

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


15.5 136 .. 0.2 0.1

8.7 202 .. 16.1 1.6

12.1 324



2010

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

225

Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income


2008

10.5 12.6 4.0 4.7 12.9 .. 300 950 2.2 5.3 22.3 21.2 25.3 46.3 11.4 11.6 52.4 32.5 26.0 12.4 3,110.8 3,745.7 27.1 36.8 41.5 34.3

Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.5

90 18 6 178.0 2.7 16.1 35 .. 0.9

13.0 .. 25.4 142.4 5.8

4.6 4.9 10.2 97.0 17.2


27 3.8 16.0 6.0

131 6.6 22.7 17.5

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1


1.8 176.2 12.4 16.3 .. 23.6 8.6 6.7 18.6

–0.8 .. 16.2 18.0 .. .. 15.3 7.5 12.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5

22.0 595 .. 0.9 0.2

.. 720 3.6 28.0 5.5

12.1 324


226

2010


44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5

10.8

28.5 4.6

Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa



2008

12.5 12.5 5.1 4.9 6.0 4.2 460 360 0.7 –5.7 18.5 19.1 25.0 23.9 15.8 13.5 56.5 57.0 55.9 24,411.0 0.0 6,720,000,000 35.9 56.8 36.2 73.0

976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5

33.9 47.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..

159 96 10 446.0 3.3 39.4 31 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1

123 3.0 21.0 19.5

7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1

44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5


–5.2 58.1 24.3 28.3 9.4 19.6 24.5 7.7 18.0

.. .. 15.9 18.4 .. .. 26.6 –0.7 457.5

.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5


19.0 856 .. 2.1 0.4

.. 898 .. 13.3 11.4

12.1 324


2010

10.8

28.5 4.6

227

Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Business entry rate is the number of firms newly registered in 2007 or the most recent year available as a percentage of total registered firms. Total firms registered includes all limited liability corporations. (World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey) Closing a business is the number of years from the time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Deposit money banks’ assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

228

2010


Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in Doing Business 2010. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated


2010

229

Glossary without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domestic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

230

2010


Highest marginal tax rate, corporate, is the highest rate shown on the national-level schedule of tax rates applied to the annual taxable income of corporations. (KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infrastructure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (World Bank)


2010

231

Glossary Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or parttime workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular subscriptions are the number of subscriptions—including postpaid and prepaid subscriptions—to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered corporations divided by the total working-age population. Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

232

2010


Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2010. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization)


2010

233

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