Plutarch's Lives, Volume X: Agis and Cleomenes. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. Philopoemen and Flamininus (Loeb Classical Library No. 102)

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB,

LL.D.

EDITED BY

p

fT. E. PAGE,

fE. CAPPS,

PH.D., LL.D.

L. A.

L.H.D.

POST,

E. H.

C.H., LITT.D.

fW. H. D. ROUSE,

WARMINGTON,

litt.d.

m.a., f.b.hist.soc.

PLUTARCH'S LIVES X

PLUTARCH'S LIVES WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

BERNADOTTE PERRIN IN ELEVEN VOLUMES

X AND CLEOMENES, TIBERIUS AND CAIUS GRACCHUS PHILOPOEMEN AND FLAMININUS

AGIS

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLIX

FirstPrinted 1921 Reprinted 1950, 1959

Printed in Great Britain

PREFATORY NOTE As in the preceding volumes of this series, agreement between the Sintenis (Teubner, 1873-1875) and Bekker (Tauchnitz, 1855-1857) editions of the Parallel Lives has been taken as a basis for the text Any preference of one to the other, and any important deviation from both, have been indicated.

An

abridged account of the manuscripts of Plutarch may be found in the Introduction to the first volume.

No attempt

has been

made

to

furnish

either

a

For diplomatic text or a full critical apparatus. reader be the must referred to the edition these, major of Sintenis (Leipzig, 1839-1846) or to the new text of the Lives by Lindskog and Ziegler (Teubner). In

the present edition, the reading which follows the colon in the brief critical notes is that of the Teubner Sintenis,

and

also, unless stated in

the note, that of

the Tauchnitz Bekker.

In May, 1920, Professor Perrin put the finishing touches upon the eleventh and last volume of this series of the Lives of Plutarch for the " Loeb ClasLibrary," a task which he had undertaken nine On August 31, 1920, he died after a years before. sical

brief illness, having nearly completed his seventythird year. During the nine years, of which he

PREFATORY NOTE devoted the leisure hours to the translation of his favourite author, the very magnitude of the task^ and the inspiration of the hope that he might leave

behind him a version of the Lives that would make the famous men of ancient Greece and Rome, so wonderfully depicted by the great biographer, as familiar to the next generation as they were to the youth in his own boyhood, seemed to sustain and

strengthen his powers. The wide and discriminating experience with modern men of action which the

combined with the classical knowledge of the times which he

translator possessed, historian's special

was

called

author

upon to interpret after Plutarch, an he had studied with sympathetic in-

whom

terest for

many

year'^,

gave Professor Perrin peculiar

and the English-speaking world already knows with what eminent success he achieved it. qualifications for the task

;

The American Editor, who had been called in constant consultation by Professor Perrin during the progress of the work, has by the wish of his family undertaken to see the present and final volume Volume XI, which will contain through the press.

an extensive General Index, published in 1922.

will,

it

THE

is

hoped, be

EDITORS.

;

:

;

CONTENTS PAQK

PREFATORY NOTE

ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES

V IN THIS EDITION

TRADITIONAL ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES AGIS

AND CLEOMKNES

TIBERIUS AND CAIUS GRACCHUS

.

.

.

viii

ix

1

143

COMPAiaSON OF AGIS AND CLE0MENE3 AND THE GRACCHI

241

PHILOPOEMEN

255

TITUS FLAMININUS

321

COMPARISON OF PHILOPOEMEN AND TITUS

387

DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

395

vu

ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES IN THIS EDITION IN THE CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCE OF THE GREEK LIVES. Volume (1)

(2) (3)

Comparison. Lycurgus and Numa. Comparison. Solon and Publicola. Comparison.

Volume (4)

Volume

I.

Theseus and Romulus.

(22)

Comparison. (7)

Paulus.

Volume

Aristides Elder.

Demosthenes and Cicero.

(17)

Comparison. Alexander and Julius Caesar.

and Cato the

Volume (15) Sertorius

Comparison. (13)

Cimon and

Lucullus. (18)

Comparison.

Volume (6)

Pericles

III.

(21)

Comparison. Nicias and Crassus.

(11)

Comparison.

Volume (6)

nus.

Comparison. Sulla. (12) Ly Sander and Comparison.

(16) Agesilaiis (8)

V.

and Pompey.

Comparison. Pelopidas and Marcellus. Comparison.

viii

Comparison. Phocion and Cato the Younger. IX.

Demetrius and Antony. Comparison. PyrrhusandCaiusMarius.

Volume X. IV.

Alcibiades and Coriola-

Volume

VIII.

and Eumenes.

Volume

and Fabius Max-

im us. (14)

VII.

(20)

Camillus. (9)

Timoleon and Aemilius Comparison.

II.

Themistocles and

VI.

Dion and Brutus.

and Agis and Cleomenes, and Caius Tiberius Gracchus. Comparison. and Flam(10) Philopoemen

(19)

ininus.

Comparison.

Volume (24) Aratus.

(23) Artaxerxes. (25) Galba. (26) Otho.

XI.

THE TRADITIONAL ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES. (1)

Theseus and Romulus.

(2)

Lycurgus and Numa.

(3)

Solon and Publicola.

(4)

Themistocles and Camillus.

(5) Pericles

and Fabius Maximus.

(6)

Alcibiades and Ck>riQlanus.

(7)

Timoleon and Aemilius Paulas.

(8)

Pelopidas and Marcellus,

(9) Aristides

(10)

(11)

and Cato the Elder.

Philopoemen and Flamininus, Pyrrhus and Caius Mariua.

(12)

Lysander and

(13)

Cimon and Lucullua.

(14) Nicias

Sulla.

and Crassus.

(15) Sertorius

and Eumenes.

(16) Agesilaiis

and Pompey.

(17)

Alexander and Julius Caesar.

(18)

Phocion and Cato the Younger.

(19)

(20)

(21) (22)

Agis and Cleonienes, and Tiberius and Caius Gracchus.

Demosthenes and Cicero. Demetrius and Antony. Dion and Brutus.

(23) Artaxerxea. (24) Aratus. (25) Galba.

(26)

Otho.

AGIS

AND CLEOMENES

KAI

Ari2:

I.

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eXdy roU

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pdpjvpa^ irapel^ev co? e/c yvvaiKO ^avBpoKXeiBa Blktjv eirrjyov cw9 irapa tov vofjuov XpeSiv

diroKOTTa^ koI

fyrjv

dpaBdaaaOai

'\jrrj(j)Lcra/jLevoLepop'

dfupoLP

TTpoaTiOefJLevov 7r/)09

TO

fievcov

dXvTOV

Be

T0U9 PaaLXelp. ireiaOevTe^ d/KporepoL kol fierd tcjv (piXwv et9 dyopdv Karal^dpre^ dvea-TTjaav fiev ex rayv Bi(j)pa)p

3 ov')(l

T0V9 e
he went out of

term expired and

The new board

of ephors encouraged Leonidas to leave his suppliant's asylum, and brought an indictment against Lysander and Mandrocleidas for violating the law in proposing an abolition of debts and a distribution of land. Thus put in legal peril, Lysander and Mandrocleidas persuaded the two kings to act together and disregard the edicts of the ephors for that board of magistrates, they said, derived its power from dissension between the two kings, by giving their vote to the king who offered the better advice, whenever the other was at variance with the public good but when the two kings were in accord, their power was indissoluble, and it would be unlawful for the ephors to contend against them, although when the kings were in contention with one another it was the privilege of the ephors to act as arbiters between them, but not to interfere when they were of one mind. Persuaded by these arguments, both the kings went with their friends into the market place, removed the ephors from their seats, and appointed others in their stead, one of whom was Agesilaiis.^ Then they armed a large body of young men and set free all who were in office.

;

;

prison, thus striking fear into their opponents, who thouglit they would put many of them to death. No one, however, lost his life at their hands on the contrary, when Agis learned that Agesilaiis had plotted to make away with Leonidas as he was trying to withdraw to Tegea, and had sent men to assault him on the road, he sent out another company of ;

*

About 242

B.C.

«

See chapter

vi.

3

f.

39

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