Journal of Semantics, Volume 2, Issue 2, 1983

JOURNAL OF SEMANTICS

Volume 2 1983

Reprinted with the permission of the original publisher by

Periodicals Service Company Germantown, NY 2005

Printed on acid-free paper. This reprint was reproduced from the best original edition copy available. NOTE TO THE REPRINT EDITION: In some cases full page advertisements which do not add to the scholarly value of this volume have been omitted. As a result, some reprinted volumes may have irregular pagination.

JOURNAL OF

SEMANTICS VOL. II - 1983

JOURNAL OF SEMANTICS AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE SEMANTICS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE

MANAGING EDITOR:

Pieter A.M. Seuren (Nijmegen University)

EDITORIAL BOARD:

Peter Bosch (Nijmegen University) Leo G.M. Noordman (Nijmegen University)

RFV1EW EDITOR

Rob A. van der Sandt (Nijmegen University)

CONSULTING EDITORS: J. Allwood (Univ. Goteborg). M. Arbib (U Mass. Amhcrsl). Th. T Ballmer (Ruhr Univ. Bochum). R. Bansch (Amsterdam Univ.), J. van Bcnthcm (Groningen Univ.). H.M. Clark (Stanford Univ.). O. Fauconnier (Univ. de Vincennes). P. Gochct (Univ. de Liege). F. Hcny (Groningen Univ.). J. Miritikka (Florida State Univ.). G. Huppcnbrouwers (Nijmegen Univ.), St. Isard (Sussex Univ.). Ph. Johnson-Laird (Sussex Univ.). A. Kasher (Tel Aviv Univ.). L. Kecnan (UCLA). S. Kuno (Harvard Univ.). W. Levclt (Max Planck Iiuu. Nijmegen).

ADDRESS:

J. Lyons (Sussex Univ.), W. Marslen-Wilson (Max Planck Inst. Nijmegen). J. McCawley (Univ. Chicago). B. Richards (Edinburgh Univ.), H. Ricser (Univ. Bielefeld). R. Rommetveit (Oslo Univ.), H. Schnelle (Ruhr Univ. Bochum), J. Searle (Univ. Cal. Berkeley). R. Stalnaker (Cornell Univ.). A. von Stechow (Univ. Konstanz). G. Sundholm (Nijmegen Univ.). Ch. Travis (Tilburg Univ.), B. Van Fraassen (Princeton Univ.). Z. Vendler (UCSD), Y. Wilks (Essex Univ.), D. Wilson (UCL).

Journal of Semantics, Nijmegen Institute of Semantics, P.O. Box 1454, NL-65OI BL Nijmegen, Holland

Published by the N.I.S. Foundation, Nijmegen Institute of Semantics. P.O. Box 1454, NI.-6501 BL Nijmegen, Holland

ISSN 0167- 5133 by the N.I.S. Foundation

Printed in the Netherlands

Review article page Pieter A.M. Seuren J.D. McCawley, Thirty Million Theories of Grammar

325

Book reviews Roland R. Hausser & Claudia Gerstner Benoit de Cornuiier, Meaning Detachment D.E. Over Brian Loar, Mind and Meaning Han Reichgelt Th.W. Simon & R.J. Scholes (eds.) Language, Mind, and Brain Pieter A.M. Seuren John Dinsmore, The Inheritance of Presupposition Herman Wekker Chr.J. Pountain, Structures and Transformations. The Romance Verb.

350 347 352 356 343

Ton Weyters

Gillian Brown & George Yule, Discourse Analysis Publications received

354 359

JOURNAL OF SEMANTICS CONTENTS VOLUME H (1983)

Articles page Thomas Ballmer Semantic structures of texts and discourses Janet Mueller Bing Contrastive stress, contrastive intonation, and contrastive meaning Dwight Bolinger Where does intonation belong? Arda Denkel The meaning of an utterance Jurgen Esser Tone units in functional sentence perspective Carlos Gussenhoven A three-dimensional scaling of nine English tones Roland R. Hausser On vagueness Daniel Hirst Interpreting intonation: a modular approach D. Robert Ladd Even, focus, and normal stress Willem J.M. Levelt & Anne Cutler Prosodic marking in speech repair D.E. Over Constructivity and relational belief Ragnar Rommetveit In search of a truly interdisciplinary semantics. A sermon on hopes of salvation from hereditary sins A.J. Sanford, S. Garrod, A. Lucas,, R. Henderson Pronouns without explicit antecedents? Peter Sgall On the notion of the meaning of the sentence Nigel Shadbolt Processing reference L.A. Zadeh A fuzzy-set-theoretic approach to the compositionality of meaningful propositions, dispositions, and canonical forms

221 141 101 29 121 183 273 171 157 205 a tone + 1 modification1 would appear to suffer from a ceilingeffect: differences of both types are relatively large (see Appendix). It should be observed that the 102 inequalities listed in the Appendix are a mathematical hotbed of dependencies, in the sense that with JS, vol. 2, no. 2

193

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(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

CARLOS GUSSENHOVEN

In order to compare the observed perceptual behaviour of our subjects with the theoretical model of Figure 2, a non-metric three-dimensional scaling was performed on the three proximity matrices obtained for Questions, Statements and Nonsense utterance (INDSCAL). The analysis yields a single configuration of objects (tones, in our case) based on ail matrices entered, as well as dimension weight indices for each matrix (Young (Chased(r,s)AS-he), Hit(x,r))) (3) The8 : -The' (animate) subject "1 The° : -The' (inanimate)

two.variable

/

t>

: relative clause soft constant

it

: soft constant (Inanimate)

he

:"

D

8

D°

(animate)

: Discourse Individual set for (animate) subject position : Discourse individual set for (inanimate) object position

JS, vol. 2, no. 3/4

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(1) THE PILOT WHO SHOT AT IT HIT THE MIG THAT CHASED HIM.

SEMANTIC STRUCTURES OF TEXTS AND DISCOURSES (4) h(The s xy(n(x,y),E(x)); I? ,D°)

.

s

V1xy(h(n(x,y)AX=a;E(E(x);D otaJ,D0)),h(I(x),E(n(x);Dsu{a},D°))) h(The°rs(n B ; D 3 .D°) • h(a; O S ,D°) Ah(e,- D S ,D°) h(it; D S .D°) S

h(he; D ,D°)

• cv(w£D°) • ev(v6D S )

E(The°rs