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MAR.APR.10.IJPM cover_July_August IJPM cover 3/1/2010 11:43 AM Page 1
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March/April 2010
Focus Issue: Microminiature Powder Injection Molding—Part I
46/2 Newsmaker Animesh Bose Materials for Medical and Dental Devices Metal and Ceramic Parts High-Strength 316L Stainless Steel Nitrided High-Performance Titanium Products
FRONT MATTER_ FRONT MATTER 3/2/2010 12:08 PM Page 15
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FRONT MATTER_ FRONT MATTER 3/2/2010 12:08 PM Page 1
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EDITORIAL REVIEW COMMITTEE P.W. Taubenblat, FAPMI, Chairman I.E. Anderson, FAPMI T. Ando S.G. Caldwell S.C. Deevi D. Dombrowski J.J. Dunkley Z. Fang B.L. Ferguson W. Frazier K. Kulkarni, FAPMI K.S. Kumar T.F. Murphy, FAPMI J.W. Newkirk P.D. Nurthen J.H. Perepezko P.K. Samal D.W. Smith, FAPMI R. Tandon T.A. Tomlin D.T. Whychell, Sr., FAPMI M. Wright, PMT A. Zavaliangos INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE D. Whittaker (UK) Chairman V. Arnhold (Germany) E.C. Barba (Mexico) P. Beiss, FAPMI (Germany) C. Blais (Canada) G.F. Bocchini (Italy) F. Chagnon (Canada) C-L Chu (Taiwan) O. Coube (Europe) H. Danninger, FAPMI (Austria) U. Engström (Sweden) O. Grinder (Sweden) S. Guo (China) F-L Han (China) K.S. Hwang (Taiwan) Y.D. Kim (Korea) G. L’Espérance, FAPMI (Canada) H. Miura (Japan) C.B. Molins (Spain) R.L. Orban (Romania) T.L. Pecanha (Brazil) F. Petzoldt (Germany) G.B. Schaffer (Australia) L. Sigl (Austria) Y. Takeda (Japan) G.S. Upadhyaya (India) Publisher C. James Trombino, CAE
[email protected] Editor-in-Chief Alan Lawley, FAPMI
[email protected] Managing Editor James P. Adams
[email protected] Contributing Editor Peter K. Johnson
[email protected] Advertising Manager Jessica S. Tamasi
[email protected] Copy Editor Donni Magid
[email protected] Production Assistant Dora Schember
[email protected] Graphics Debby Stab
[email protected] President of APMI International Nicholas T. Mares
[email protected] Executive Director/CEO, APMI International C. James Trombino, CAE
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46/2 March/April 2010
Editor’s Note Newsmaker Animesh Bose PMT Spotlight On …Todd M. Jensen, PMTII Consultants’ Corner Joseph Tunick Strauss
FOCUS: Microminiature Powder Injection Molding—Part I 15 Materials for Microminiature Powder Injection Molded Medical and Dental Devices R.M. German
21 Metal and Ceramic Parts Fabricated by Microminiature Powder Injection Molding V. Piotter, T. Hanemann, R. Heldele, M. Mueller, T. Mueller, K. Plewa and A. Ruh
29 High-Strength Powder Injection Molded 316L Stainless Steel L.-H. Cheng and K.-S. Hwang
39 Nitriding Response of Microminiature Powder Injection Molded Titanium T. Osada and H. Miura
45 46 47 48
DEPARTMENTS PM Industry News in Review Meetings and Conferences PM Bookshelf Advertisers’ Index Cover: A zirconia dispenser screw (green and sintered) made via μPIM. Photo courtesy Volker Piotter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy (ISSN No. 0888-7462) is a professional publication serving the scientific and technological needs and interests of the powder metallurgist and the metal powder producing and consuming industries. Advertising carried in the Journal is selected so as to meet these needs and interests. Unrelated advertising cannot be accepted. Published bimonthly by APMI International, 105 College Road East, Princeton, N.J. 08540-6692 USA. Telephone (609) 4527700. Periodical postage paid at Princeton, New Jersey, and at additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2010 by APMI International. Subscription rates to non-members; USA, Canada and Mexico: $100.00 individuals, $230.00 institutions; overseas: additional $40.00 postage; single issues $55.00. Printed in USA. Postmaster send address changes to the International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 105 College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 USA USPS#267-120 ADVERTISING INFORMATION Jessica Tamasi, APMI International 105 College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 USA Tel: (609) 452-7700 • Fax: (609) 987-8523 • E-mail:
[email protected] FRONT MATTER_ FRONT MATTER 3/2/2010 12:08 PM Page 2
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EDITOR’S NOTE
T
he downturn in the economy has not been as serious to the powder injection molding (PIM) industry as it has to conventional powder metallurgy (PM), and the prognosis for 2010 is upbeat. The PIM segment’s growth reflects strong exports to Asia and Europe, growth in traditional PIM markets, and increasing penetration into new markets as a result of opportunities for cost-effective manufacturing. PIM is most advantageous for small, complex-shaped components fabricated in high production volumes and there is a significant growth trend toward microminiature components in which individual features are measured in micrometers. Given this technological climate, Rand German has assembled a two-part focus in the Journal on microminiature powder injection molding (μPIM). This issue’s Part I focuses on materials for medical and dental devices, metal and ceramic parts, high-strength 316L stainless steel, and titanium products. As an example, the front cover displays a ZrO2 dispenser screw (used as an untwisting tool) in the green and sintered conditions. In Part II (May/June 2010), coverage will embrace full-density nanopowder agglomerate sintering and modeling/simulation in PIM and μPIM. The two focus issues are timely in that they bookend MIM2010, the International Conference on Injection Molding of Metals, Ceramics, and Carbides, sponsored by the Metal Injection Molding Association. It is also timely that Animesh Bose, co-chair of MIM2010, and a Fellow of APMI International, is this issue’s “Newsmaker.” Animesh is a frequent participant in APMI and MPIF activities and is recognized throughout the PM industry for his contributions to the science and technology of PIM, hardmetals, tungsten heavy alloys, and intermetallic compounds. In the “Consultants’ Corner” again, Joe Strauss tackles readers’ questions and issues in three diverse areas: reverse engineering of the metal matrix for diamond-grinding wheels; the origin of blistering in the sintering of silver-base contacts and electrodes; and increasing the specific surface area of catalytic oxide powders.
Alan Lawley Editor-in-Chief
Following R&D Magazine’s R&D Awards (see my comments in the November/December 2009 issue of the Journal) it is interesting to review the Wall Street Journal’s 2009 Technology Innovation Awards. Winners included a tool to identify new disease strains, an artificial hand, and paper-thin flexible speakers. In the “Materials and Other Base Technologies” category, the winner was QD Vision, Inc., for the development of a way to dramatically improve the color quality of LED lights by using semiconductor nanocrystals. The runner-up, Novelx, touts a scanning electron microscope capable of imaging nanoscale objects and materials—utilizing silicon processing technologies to miniaturize the technology inside the microscope. With μPIM, nanocrystals, and miniaturization, it really is a small world after all!
2
Volume 46, Issue 2, 2010 International Journal of Powder Metallurgy
FRONT MATTER_ FRONT MATTER 3/2/2010 12:08 PM Page 3
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International: powder injection molding. If you wish to produce complex ceramic and metal products using the PIM process, then come to the leading international @?>=8> 5=79:(8;7389*896>86@98';:?;)>8 ;9>)::80*;388!>%:,288 88 88+;288 88
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