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Apxin CrcoporraAcbKI,Ix: OAMIIbHIAPXIBI4 YKPAIHCbKOIEINN xvll*xX m. APyfoi nolo BI4HL4 TAAPXIBHACITAA...
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feoprifi llananrn
Apxin CrcoporraAcbKI,Ix: OAMIIbHIAPXIBI4 YKPAIHCbKOIEINN xvll*xX m. APyfoi nolo BI4HL4 TAAPXIBHACITAAI{I,IHA POAyCKOPOTTAACbKI4X
Kui'u 2004
6EK79.3(4yKP)
flanaxin Il B. Apxi n Crcopo na4clrcllx: @auilrHi apxisn yxpaTucr,rol po71oeoi er ira 4pyroi noroguHraIKVII-XX cr. ra apxiuuacfiaAulr{Ha pogy Crcopor]aAct,Kux. K., 2004.- 420c. ISBN 96t5-8225-12-0 MottorparltixnpucBrlreHarrpaKrlrqHo HeB14BqeHoN{y cy.IacHr4Mr,r A)Kepeno3HaBrLflult ra apxino3naBqtMllicropnuuomy$eHolreuy- apxieniii cnaAuruuiyxpaincrxoi uauioHalsnoi eliur, S;eltilr,Hauapxieau, HaxofirlrreHrIM npeAcraBHxxarur4 yxpair"rcrxoicrapurrHu/urlsxrr{ ynpoAotsxlpyroi no,ronuHra XVII-XX cr. * ga4o6r.rlerrnlaHulnnn, nepio4y icHynalruxVrpaiun e cxnaAiPociftclxoi irunepii,go poxia YxpaiHcsxoipeeomorlii XX cr. rouo. 06'errou apxino:Hanqoroi ^Xepeiro3naBqoro craBHacar,{ucAocniANeHrrfl pe.u$arr.rinuHtrfi apxin ongoro s Haiisiltoniurx n vxpaiucr,rOo,CxrneiruuxnpoyBara, nepeHe.4ocrarHt 6,ren apxieicrnrn. I{a xta,rl, Aoci ina npu4i;ralact CPCP ra Bcbofo "coqialicrnqHoro ta6opy", .(|cin,t Ha repeHax KoJrHUrH;ofo : icropiero'ra reopierc icHyuauHnHanoB'J{3aHHM .ar,yriu, i scirn{nHraHHflrvl, qioualruux eli'r. noB't3aHi: SaHa qr,onlvr'.uiapxieo:naeqiil Axepeno3Haruinpo6:reM14, uirrHnun apxieautz ynpaiHcrrol uaqiosaltuoi elittt, npocro Bpa)KarcTb cBoercnpaKTnqHonoBHOloHepospo6;reHicto.,{oci uau HeAoBenocqos}rafirpyHroBlrlrMAocxiAxeHHnn: qiei TeMH,ge 6 rcnari$ircool4r4lucs3 x(oAHI4M nHTanIIsnpo clerlnfiry ixur,oro crBopeHHtra icuynaHu.a, BaHocraBnJrlrcrl A, eriv, :a Ao6n l{e3axexHoi,norinaHaniscar4ocrifinoi.3roAoMaBToHoN,lintnepii Vrpaiuu (Bifictra 3anopo:sroro o6ox cropin rroi y cxra4i Pocificr,rcoT y XVII-XVIll cr. ii npoN{a,lopociiTJlino6epexcxtn) fersraauutuHu, ,I{Hinpa, * FlaKonuql4rla tu.qqxerc't'Bo crapruHHa/yrcpaluctxe ei4ua repcrBa Ko3aubKa qulrari icropurnB. JlunuHcrr.(ofo, "n3rtirayrracrb y nell.rxifi yxpaiHcrxifi perolroqii He e oco6i orpeMnx, a1 LJ
Apxio Crcoponudcaxux oAHHHu6) a xx ni4py6ua cycnilsHa BepcrBa,ulo Br43HaflKl4xoc6Br4HrrrKoBHX qanacbcsolN{uiH4nei4yalbHl.r[,ru oKpe]'ir4Mr.r iHrepecanpHKMerar\lui csoirr,rrz ni4rnepl)r{eHH.rr cnoix npaa ri;nxu Bperxri o{iqifinoro ne Mu", 4oMonracr BracHnMrerbMaHoM,a.neft no.it,cbKl4MKoponeu (36opincrrufi rr,rup1649 p.) Ta Mocr(oBcbKIrM uapeM("FepesHenicrarri" ForAaHaXnaerruHIlrKorora crreqialr,ua xanyBaHafpaMora ru;rsxri 1654p.)40.llpore BoHaHe s6epemacnoei craHoeoi onpelrirnuocri, rxy MarraB llo,rrcrxo-JluroecrKifi 4epxtani i .ara sarpin,rrcaa:racsuafiHoBHMHnpaBavir i npzniJlelMl4.3a rnep4xeHHflMcyqacHofo icropnxa A. Jlyueuxa, o'BoHa,nocisrun HaJIexHenicue y BnaAHI4x crpyKrypax Bificrxa 3anoposrrcoro,SarruuHo 3pernact cBot"ocycninlHoro Pe,itallocnolnroi. BoHa norolr(erlHsi sldfirxra nosa N.rexicycni,rrHoi n,to;1eni nepecrana 6yril uacrurloro "HapoAy-runflxru" Pe.ru llocnonuroi, Halouicrr rrKHXnocraJla uoea yxpaiHcbxaelirsa crara oAHolos 6a:oeux cKJiaAoBrurx,3 Biiicrxa 3anopo:rxoro"4l. AHarori.IHoi AyMKHAorphBepc:rBa crap[rJHa Ko3at-Ibroireuealorii B. Kpnnorueq ra M. KopuieHMyrorbcs fi Aoc"ryiAsuKrr qirKi xpoHororiuHi ruextirlboro npoqecy:"VrcpaiHcrratrlJlsxxo, :aceiguyro.rr.r Ta, rK cKnaAoBaeliru icnyrouoro cycnirbcrBa, craBanarlepeAen6opou, a6o e iuryrouii couialrsifi eniri i pa3oM3 HeFJnepexr4ru nci neprJrurrrr.rrnc.s neriipo:aany qborc cycnilrcroa,.r^t4erarv na 6ix uoloAoTsauiosalrsoi elipo3KonycepeAilI.lrtxru: qacrulta ropye mntx Lo rra. [e craBaJionpprr]HHo]o y roraqrxifi r.Rxin, isma rroKo3auyerrcxi nocrylloBo TIpI,IXoAH'rb ro BJIaALT 4epNani.I-{eftnpoqecAarverbcq 1648-1687 pp. ilpnxig Ao ferbMaHcrsaInaHa ru,rqxrn ea uagy. BoHa Magern e riHqenorc ToqKolo6opo'rs6n noKo3aqeHoT Tpe6a nofoAarucq ii orpr,uvralai posnouascquosl,Ifi icropuunnii nepio.t1"42. rIIo oorerbMasclttufiyptA He BH3HaBaB TaKox s B. flauarueHKo,rKa AoBoAHTb. rrurrrxroro.sKHXocb oco6rHsllx [paB Haii nonepe4HinorortiH3a Koru4rn"rbolo po6ran pisuuqi uix onpenuMHfpynaMHNtaerxie- crapnx [aHcbKI4xra Hfl,He :rvriHue ix HoBLrx,HaAaIIHXcrapurlrHi, i sarrarrtaesa so6olo npaBo BHooHTLI posnaipu,HaAaBaruiHuri roulo"43. € i,txouxperHi npr4K.fiaAu, non'a:ani : yxe poAaMHEaxypuHcsrux,Fopo:4Hia'ra Py6uin. ForAau Xuem3raAyBaHLrM14 6oxpcrna ixni gocurr unqsruli ni4reepgun qr4MHauaAKaMAaBHbopycbKoro sHaqHiuaeruocri, are, ,rK cnilvurr I .flxoeresa, BlKesa iloro uacrynuuxin qnMaro rpyHrir y Py6uin 5y.rroniai6paHo,Irputlorvry6inr,ruicrl 3 Hnx gicralact HacrynHHMferbMaHaM"Ha 6ynaey"aa. Tana "yl.ronHicrb" fgTbMaHcbKr.rx HaAaHr,i ni4reep4irceHbHa uae.t:uocti, y roMy qnc.;ricnaAKosira rcynreni, 6yna xapaxrepHolo o3HaKolo3eM.{eBoJIoHaronticrr MocKoBctrci"noxa,tyAisss Ha repeHax Bificrxa 3anopo:sr.coro. riei N gocBaHHt" Ha noqarKax l(o3ar{bKoi4ep>xann,3a BnyqHHMBHciroBot\{ ri4uuui, "icHyealn rilsra ua nanepi" (4o peui, TaKcaMo,lx i napruaecrrci). rrHirreferr'MaHcmi HaAaHHt,ni;reep4xteni ri,qnoMaJrH Ha rofr qac 3HaqeHHs HaBecrHAyNIKyB. JIanuHcL,Kofo,tKHI"I ui4Hunn yHinepcanauu.Tyr N,lolliHa .A
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HaKpecnI{B IrIJI{XeBOl}Ot1ti CrapmuHclKofo3eMneBorroAiHtrg: "Ale tK 3eN,IJIfl sa cnyx6y "Bificrny 3anopoxcrxoMy",3acriyir6y rpoua4i, oAHocnoBo laer6cr sa c,rlady clanoMy i rpa4rzqifinoMy,poAoBonay i4ignuuoMy KoneKTneoni: HaqiiTo rr{M cai\{HMBoHaMae HaxHJtnepefiru y no,ro4iHHrraK caMo crare, TaK caMo rpaAr.rqifiHo,1iguuHe,ro6ro e soroliHHr poAoBe i apucroxparur{He. I aificHo ue crajroc.flnisuiilre :o sciMayxpaiucsxuMn paHrcBr4Nru MaerHocr{MHHarepr.ruopiiferslrauquuu. Bci BoHH3foAov nepefiuln HaAiAuqse, poroBe rlpaBomrqxercbKe"45. A.sxri{o raK, To He 61,noxo4Hoi norpe6u y:6epiraHni AasHix rpaMor ra npuni:rein nonbcrKux xopolin, BeJrr,rKlrx KH.ssieTHToBcrKHX i nocxoecsxux, a, HaBrraKH, c:rig 6yuo no46arn llpo orpHMaHHsrerbMaHcbKr4x ra noJrKoBHr4r{bKHX lruieepcarie, qapcbKr4xrpaMor ua nigrnep4xeHHr crapr{x i npn46aHHqHoBHXuaersocreft. TorvryBlKecepeAnepirrux eracHraKinivreuHraxyuieepcali e Eoryana Xnae:rlHnqtKoro3HaxoAHNao sHafiox4inpi:uuu1aEanyprauc lxux, Eopo:4uin, Py6rlis ra irr.a6Canaes qax arcrin,AaroBaHHX ue paniue:a 1650-ri poKr,r,roquHalorbcs, .rrKlpaBuJro,tparr,rinrHi apxian ro:aqlxoi crapuurrrr. earanrafiei.{oNlufiHaMBHHrron- "Jlro6eubKiaKTr.t"e apxiny MranopaO. Jla:apeecbKoro,"MHorr4_s Ioeuqie. 3a csiAqenHsuixHroto 3HaBu.fl a3 orlrx aKroB orHocrrcr n XVI 8., u yx(e rro3TOMycocraBJrsrorgopor"ofiMarepr4an r. rc.6yuaq orHocrulr4xctrK Ant Hcropur,rManopoccnficxoro3eM.lreBnaAeHur, Hcropril,rMa,ropoccl,rrz JreBofo6epera [Henpa 3a Bperus,npeAuecrBoBaBrxee 3rroxeXve;rsHnqrcoro,coxpaHnJlocbor{eHbMaJIo"47. Ane ue ri,rrxu nigrnepAXye 3afanr,HenpaBr4no,aAxe BoHHHe naa,ru6esnocepeAHboroeiguoruennx Ao 3mAal{orocrapuuHclKoro poAy,a 6yln lurue rconi.{Mra : apxiey Jfto6eqsxoro naricrpary, nxuk, [eBHa piv, iuryeas i e XVI cr., i u{e paHiue. Inuruii nigo'vnii n icropuuuifi nireparypi npraxlag - ra qacrnHa dranailsHoroapxiny Cynrlrr,rie i Crcopynie,qrcas XIX cr. onnHuJracry CaHrr-llerep6ypsi fi:6epifa€rbcr nHHi e Apxini Caurr-flerep6yp:lrcoro ei4gineHHr Incraryry pocificstroi icropii PAH pa3or.{3 AerKHMr4isuunaH ynpaiHcurrun $ou4aura. Y.1osi;1xoeifinireparypi sragyrcrrcr t"roroxponoloriuui uerxi, sr4sua.{eHi sn 1627-1788 ponu, ale cnerqialrHe o:nafioMJrer{Hr3 AocrynHo}o HaN{ony6niKoBaHoro iuQopvarqieronpo qefi apxin ra cKnaAi sraicr fioro goxyneHris cxHnr€ Ao AyMKH,rro HacrpaB4irfani,rruufi $on4 Cy,ruuin HecraHoBHTbBHH.f,TKy cepeAiHurux crapurr4HcbKr4x s6ipox, npHnaiinrHix(oAeH l{oKyMenTar'rbHr4x :i sra4aHrx B onrdcycy:runiecrxHXAoKyMeHrieuacnpan4iue norxHaAaryBaru pauiure sa 1650-ri poxu48.flpore, 6e:nepevrro, qefi QoH4 3acryfoBye lra c rreqiarsHe;1oxla4lrirueAocl iArrcesHg. V uacrynuovry,XVIII cr. Hosnfi cycni;nuufi craH MaBHeoAHopa3oBo AoBoLI4TucBOenpaBo Ha 3eMeJ'rr,Hi ra inuri no,ro4irrufl,oco6rueo niA ,rac feuepaxbHorocli4crna npo MaerHocrir.ralopocificlnux no.'txis(1729-1735), qogo qrcoroO. Jla:apercsrcuii HarolorxyBaB:"PeBr43u.fi 1729 r. npor43BeAerra 6trla HCKnroql4l'e,.tbHO C rlenbrc paccneAoBaTb npaBvnbHOcTL cTaplur,tHcKofo BJra-
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Apxia Cxoponadcurcux AeHH.r{MaerHocrrMu (noerorray B peBH3I4H1729 r. Ko3aKI414He noKa3aHbl)"49.
3roAov ni46yecr feHepalrHufi onuc Ma,ropocii (1765-1768), a uix unuu ft noril,t - qucresui cneqialsHi penisii ra cyloni rpouecl4. 3pocrarouNfinonur Ha no3eMenrHiaxru Hoeoi go6u, nigcyrui y $aruintHux apxiuax, nopoA)I(ysasnesHi nponosuqii. Busux.ua cnequ$iuHa rany3b rofoqacHoro AirosoAcrsa - $a;uruyBaHH.flyniaepcalie ra ixse :acsi4ueHHa XapanrepHo,rqo neprrruM: ni4ourx Sanrurynalsner{arKarr.rn. ni4po6rreHraMu Hurciscras IgaH (Imyra) Py6e4r, uonogruufi cuu M. Py6ur. 1679 p. npu HborerMaHcKHXH uapcKonry:uafiu,rn 12 ni4po6neHl{xner{aroK"KopoJlencKl4x, r]acrbrc ua ale6anupe3aHbl ro cronbHnra Kl.rpurra X;ronoea; leqarn 6rtlll crpe, a qacrbroHaKycKaxMeJty".ilpoaegeue cli4creo 3'flcyBaro,"qro BMecre fpaMoTeeBIIepe[I4cbIBaTb c reN4I4saHPy6eq nopyqan oAHoMyI433HaKoMbIX yHHBepcalst XtreltsulrKofo, a noJrbcKHM rir4ct'MoM, fpaMorbr KopoJreBcKrre qeft pyccttuv". 3JIoquHImyri nuHeclia 3a Brrroncxorn u EptoxoneuKoro cuepruuft BHpoK,are 6arsro ni4xynr,rnfioro, nocrynuBlxlzcbrcopucrolrc6uopoIoBLIMI4tuaentanns0.,Br se AXBHo)are rnrylraHy CaMofirosutly 3HaqHI.{N{I,l iuesa cnoxusaqie lrboro "SalrruonaHoro roBapy" ni4 uac c;riAcrsaHecnJ]HB-nu.9u He csiAqurb ue, Iqo ni4po6nn Bl4roroBJltnvcflrnfl. BJIacHoroapxiay Py6qio? Ha rarcyAyMKyHa[ToBXyei sraAxa l]po BllforoBneHHtluyroro "ttopolinclrcux npaMor", oDKe- arrir ,xo6u, u1onepeAyBalaYitpairrclrifi peeonroqil | 648-167I poxin. 3a ceiA.reHssll O. Omo6,rnsa, Ao raKux saxoAis yAaBaBctnisHine, :a uacin HacrynHuKaIeaHaCa\aofiloeuua, B. Kouy6efi, ntvi4 nrvrinni4po6n.aru ninnnc IsaHaMa3enra(nr nosiAoM,tsrO. Menuruxoey 1708p. caM rerbMaH, "6ygyuu nucapeMeHepanrHuM,fiMeloquy ce6e nellarb roficroryro fi noAnucyrolru pyKy Moro qacro, noHelxefl, AIrflxr.tpofKpt4qsofi6oleeHu, He BcerAa HeKoroMofy rroAnucoBarurttcroB rr yHnBepcaroB,rloBblAagal6r,tr JrlI(HBbIe pbre,noA HMeHeN{ MoHMpyKo}oero no,(nncaHHbleH 3a neqarblo aoficrcoeorc, TaKI4x MI4He3Ha€Mottpo "3aMoBHnKiB" nucrua")5l. Ane fi y uboMyBHTIaAKy gorcyueHrin. ni4po6nnx iHtitttil npnKnaAni4po6xrarerbMaHcr,Tofi xre O. Jla:apenclrcufrHaBoAHB nux yuiaepcarin y nepruifi.reepri XVIII cr. Toai fiannuynaHHqrvrarcriesaiic. canuu, "nropoft IIo rerMaHeuacrirc H cH]Ioto", rcHepanr,Hrafinucap MaBCrr sa ceiA.reHHsvftoro ni,uremnx. lloai6Ha icropil naalarlicqe 1738 p', lto,rn naafiop@. [Oct, o6fpyHroryrcqg csoi npereu:iTHaoAI4His caea'{esuxtvtae1.Kin, yuiaepcany npoTl{HatBHoroy uaulaAxieC. CaSuqareTbil,laHcbKorO Br.rcTaBHB C. CanuUrrofo, AaroBaHuitlT12p. Tau iuuorucr eificsxoBoroKaFIIIeiuIpttcTa cr rrpo B]rnpaBneHHtreHeparbHHMnucapeMTeKcry rerbl\{aHcbKornyHirepcary 6e: eiAorvialraHa CxoponaAcbxofo.flil qac c,ri4craa 1738 p. C. Caruqrrufi, ga rofi LIacrtorKoBufinncapJly6eucrxrzit,gascni4ueHnx,iqo "osstfi roefi e Ntaer6OnesHlz'VItt4 [r{capb Caenq Bo BpeN{treTMaHaCxopona4crcorO
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Vrcpai ucax i Qa"o,r i,uuui ctpxi eu I{OCTH OTJryqKLl, V AAM6trearo noAnr4cyerre.rNlaHCK}IM nOAnHcoMBbrraBaer,rLreKOMyHaA,qer(aJro yHuBepoar'rbr"52. rlpuneprae yBafy rofi $axr, uo fi uroro pa3y firulocg npo ni4po6:reui 4onyr',reHTn, ulo :6epiranaor y Br'racHoMy apxini, xoqa 3raAyBarucs. raKolr( iuuri $avilruouy orpurnryra,li$alrtlrouuuzx axrin. poAnHa,rKa He nrara norpidHnx yHieepcalin a6o erparala _LlLlsxerclra ix, drarcruuHoBTpar{ana pa3oM3 HHMHfi yci ruafiuoei,a no4exoru fi craHoei npaBa.Ha qefi $arr nprvroi ganexsocri ropnguvuoro craHy pogy ni4 uaxnsocri ueo6xilsnx apxieanifi 3BepHyB yBary o. Jla:apencrnufi, Hafonoruyrcq14 Bperlercii Ha npaqlo f. Munopa.qoBHr{a "Po4oc.nonua.rr KHr{fagepuuroncxaro "orHocr.{Te:r6HoII u III qacrefi [Po4onigHoi nHuru. - Aem.) ABoprrFrcrBa": I\{O}KHO eUde3aMerI4Tb,'lro cIoAa nonaJrr4rrecoMHeHHO 14CTapr4HHbre poAbr, nosAHeiitlluMnoroMKaNtKoropbrx He yAa.rrocbAoKyMeHraMHCBr3arb cBoe poAcrBo c [pelKaMr4"53.TO:uyHenooAr,rHoxuttu6ynu BHnaAKHBr4KpaAa]rH.q a6o nprxonyBarrFrrr BnacHr4rlbKnx axrin, cni4onnoroHHUIeHHT rf avirrurax s6ipox saqixan.leHolocropor{oto. Y :raganux girx 3Br.rHyBaqyBaxH nepeAyciu rari:yropa. . . "55. Bigonl.iii TaKox{inurufi BhraAoK: onyKa H. Ka,reuuxa (Kalennronuua), recrq Iaaua Cxopona4cbKofo3a iioro nepruoroApyx{r4Ho}o, Ma.rl14 rrocrynHTHcl :anonigauuuu 4i4ol,rixuiru ruarepsM,cecrpaMfle:rarii KaneHr4K, N{aerHocrsvu i Ha Br4MofyferbMaHanigga;ru yrrinepcarH Isana Ma:errn Ha ce,ra llory6orxn i ilenqi; npore rlapcbKarpaMora na qi rpyHru 6yr,acxoBaHapoAaHOIO, nonpHnci 4otraraururMOfyrHbofopoAHqa:"rpe6vrouu c nphrrylKAeHller,l or Hac BJla.4ererbcxutz oltoil BbnuNreHoBanuofi ce6e rpavorbr, ToKN{o)K M14 oHyIOfpaMoTylrepeAHHMyTaHnH,HecoMHeHHoe )KynOBaHueIl roN{HN,IetOqI4, tITo B cneAyloUll{eBpeMeIIa'eXen}{ KoMyrIpHnI4qHo, noMqHyTatfpaMoTaoT Hac6yrer o6re-neHa, none)r(es oHoftBbrpax(eHo:aclyiir6u AegaHaruero6srrr oHblMx.lecrHocrtrMB po.qyHenoABHiKHO B OTrlr.r3He, To no u:o6pax<euHoMyH rloror't NlolKer6llr rex He rHmeHH,3a qro oH, ilaH ferMaH,cfiepBa6]1JIeecNaa I'HeBeH 14)r(ec'roK l-raHacqBjrsrct..."56.Are )/ uboM)/BHnaAKy cnpaeeglunicrl
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Apxie Crcoponadcaxux rcTbMaHy, ue 6ynasiAHonteHa,iCnapraHOBoMy ,{anraniAnoCroly, xalesllrincbKr4xuarqaAxisL Casn.{ara 6parin Morpiennuig HeN4aIa.4ntlHHX6axasux sKol ttocl-yflOUtHHlCTb, HaeeleHi npI,IKIaAI,l HaCniAKiB. .{oBolflTbBl4H.qTKoBy ei4 uux 3ane)Katlo Agxe cr. XVIII BnpoAoB)K poguHHi apxina.nii B0 Ha6yBaillt qac yriAA.afpyHTauu, s1tacHicrlg caMeBgloninHl HafiqissiutOlo.sr Ha roft MH, MJTHHaMH,CeJIaMII Ta xyTopaMl4.
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rpaMorifiuuocg rrpore, u.to"[ox(aroBarr4ero, o6o:uouapc6Kifi)KanyBaHifi ro Bacurl,r.s Crcopona4cKoro, noBeJrenn eMyn )I(eHe eBo,H AersMr'rreMblBceM6I BbruenucaHr,IMtlceraMbr?c,ro6oAravbr, MeJIHHrJaMbr, rpyHTaMhIpr Bc.[yroAuqMb] BeqHo". BJIaAerb A vH e pe3yrbKI4Mbr K oHbrM[puHaA,qexaulr4Mbl qisHi cniAqeHHruloAo nepnicuoro cKnaAyapxiey rari rarcororoAaHrr.sMaeN,ro poglluHoi rirxu Bacn:rs" nnfi nouep 1727 po rlc rr,rolo4r,rNl ferbMaHov'la gocnigqcHHMypsAoBqer\{3a3rranusNliu,fliorq 1753 p. M. Crcopoua4clnufiqepe3cBo}oHe3anelr(HyAep)r(aBHuurxyno:urliro 3a3HaBola.rr14. I{e crano npaqHHOronilrrox i'ioro :eepHeHb,HanpaBJreHHX ua iNl'.flKrapr.rnaPo:yrr,roecrxorora iuneparpuqi, e flKHX3raAaHonpo AoKyMeHrr4, noB'lsaui :i clyN6onorc 4iusuicrro M. CxoponaAcbKoro uiN l74l ra1753 poKaMH.nxi iuomu npucnylr{r4rricfB cnpaei fioro pea6ilirallii. BoHr.rnepe6yBaJrr{, n apxiai N{. Crcopo* 3BHLraffHo, na1clKoro,aJIeAo HacHeAifturnn,Kpiu:raganolo iuennorc yKa3y1741p.. yKa3flpo fioro npu:rraqeHHrAo cKnaAyqleirin rle ManH61nu: iivrneparopcsxufr feueparrHoi eificsKonoTrcauqerapii; oplepn Klrprara Po:yrvrorcrKoro ttpo Blr3[raHHrMuxafina "nepneHcrnyfori1uh.r" n ypa4i, xirufr nepyran npaiuoro e (pa:o*r: M. XaHerutolr,lI. Anocrolou, lI. Balcxetnpa:i ni4'i:4y rerbruar{a uen); noriv, nicrl ei.u,craercn XaHesnafi Anocrola - npo rrph3HaqeHHr fe-
196
@a*tinuuutiapxie Crcoponadcuxux nx cruadoeapyKonucHuxsi1paua Hepa.rrbHoro nigcnap6ir pa3oM3 reHepanbHr.rM ocaByJtoulI. BalrrceBnqeMroqac J'lotsHr,rN{H npaBuTenrM14 KaHqenflpiiHa eigcyruocri rerrnaaua;uaperuri rrpoBBeAeHnr M. CroporraAcbKofo Ao cKnaAyfeHepaltuoro sificrxosoro cyAy. TarcuilcKraA 4oxyueuria crig.rur, rqo Mlxafiiro 6ya ogurana : rcepinHraxis fero\{aHuluHr4y nepurnii nepio4 yprlyBaHHq KrapralaPo:yvoncr,xoro. ,{pyruil rrepiog n icropii fersuasug,rHu po3nor{ascqnicr.s 1753 p. Toainuiii if npaaure,rb,caMAocarb MoJroAa.[roAr{Ha, nupiuua nigaaru nepeBary MonoAul.rMrrpeAcraBHHKaMyxpalnc lxoi eliru, HacaMrrepeA, feHepaJrbHonayo6o:Hony C. Kouy6ero,cBoeMypoBecHr4KoBi. 3 nonepeAHborocrapolo KoMaHAoro npaeureli n rerbMaHpi uryue po3nyr{HBc.s, npurroMyCropona1ctxrail 6yn euseAeHufis ii cnna4y ocraHuiu. 3nnuafiuo, npr{r{nHuona,'u.rMHxafrna6yturlu6nuuu i4ocurb BHpa3Ho oxpecleui n opaepi rerbN.{aHa 3 qr,oro rrpuBoAy.foroeuzr\4r.rnyHKTaMn3BI4HyBaqeHnn 6ynu raKi: "t ycMorpeJr, q'ro Blr 6yAy.lu MHeroqHo no sucoqafiruefieo,'reer LrMneparopcKortBernqecTBa,qeiloBeKIIoA BJTa0TLIIO, BO3HaMepI4BaeTeC.g npOTHByMgHeHeKOTOpHM sxoSlt caMoBJracrr4eM H BecMaManoyBalKeHHtI,rN{eere Ha Mor4opAepbl,qpe3 qro o ce6eAaere B HapoAeManopoccuftcxouBeJIr4Koe MHeHHe, a noefi Bitacru HeKoropHMo6pa:onayHaqrolKeHLre"; a raKox{:"BH xe, KaKBuxry,crapaerecb noA HMeHeM6rara rrapoAHoro,)'Kop.{TbMeH.flBo MHofHXrroBereHu.sx,I4rL.r cBorl\rocnyualrr4eMvlru raKoBaMHnpeAcraBneHltsl,r,pr, Ko'r'opr4.fl 6olue cxogcl'Byrol Bo3pali(eHl-rflM nporuBy ra"a"170, Isuurr,rucJroBaMH, cnpanrxniv npuBoAoMgnx ei4cranKr4rcHepa.rrbl{oroni4cxap6il craJru, ua6yu, :aslporqi : 6ory He AylKeBHcoKopoAHoro le'rbMaHaAo BH3HaHoro aBTopr.rreryMuxafina CxoponagcbKoFo. nopo.qxeHoroiloro BucoKHMcoqiarruu.v noxoAlr(eFrHrM Ta rpoN,raAflHcbroro aKTrrBHoro no:uqiero. {efi aBTopr{rerpi:ito xourpacryrae is Bn.rrHBoM, flr(Hl{Kopl4cryBaBctferbivrarri .srcul,t nin 6yn go6os'lgaHnfi, no cyti, uulocri ninHi.rHoTiruneparpr.rqi.,BxruoKrapu,roPo:yraoecxufr yaaxan ce6e nacaN{nepeA He o6pauqev naqiT,a craBneHuxonqapuqi i sr.rrur}o.rHo 3 ubofo BHBoAuB cnifi uaecrar, ro M. Crcopona4crxuft,HaniTrsi cirie rerbMaHa!Br4cpenpe3eHTaHToNr TynaB aBropr.rrerHrrM ra 3axlrcHurou Harliosa:rr,Huxisrepecia. Koliix 3faAaHornopAepaAaroBaHa1753 p., uo LraBprAurEni2lnonigae lificuocri - aA)r{eeci nauepn Mnxafila uloAo fioro niAcraexu ni;lHocrmcg go 1755p. (nounuarcuus uepenr). Ko,rn i rK 3aBepuHracr orraJrarcHepanbHoronigcxap6il, uaruAocreMeHHo nenigovo. Eln:r,ro gnox poxin Muxafi.lo nepe6ynanniA Aouaurriv aperuToMy flyxoni, Becbrrac HaMafalor{Hcrr AoBecru cBoroHeBHHHicrunepe4 nerep6yp:rxuv ra mlxincbKr4r,{rxBopaMu. I-{i cnpo6u 3aAoKyMerrroBaHo AocHTb qiny noBrro:y uuHiruuromySauinruony @oH4iCxopona4clruarc6v 1715 p.) i cnyrye qiuHunaA)KepenoM g:rx ai4troureHrurcKnaAyftoro po4nuHoro apxiny. Bci goxyueHru n uift, nepeliueui Blrqe, nigruuri, i cnpaoaMaeBr,rrJr.sA cneqiarsHo cdtopnronaHolainoBoAuoio.qrfHr4rli. Moxua r,pr4tryc'rut't4, rqo caM Maxafilo r{aBMncr{o :i5pau qi ceoepi4nrafis6ipnux-nam{rler Ha po3rnrA cyuacrrurir iIoKyMeItrH,cK,'raBuru a6o ouircyroqucnpaBeAJruBoro cyAy HauaArin. OnocepeAKoBaHo Ha ranufi BIzcHoBoK HaBoAHTb Kupuna 3 opAepy ferbMaHa Po:yuoncrxorc, Ae Spaaa "BHKpHTo"cupaeNHiHavipu CrcoponagcsKofo: "oHuq rrpeAcraBneHr,r.fl BLrMHruJ]EHHH }t,qH AN,g BO3I\{YTIIEHHflNPOTI1BYMEH' HAPOAHO|O, IIJ]H B COXPAHCHHCB
apxt BeKaHrlenflpcKoM rrporhByHacro.qqercr.r6ecnpucrpacrHafo Moero rerMaHcrBa,...HeKoropr4x K KaKoBbrM 6yaro 6u 4oxaeareJrbcrB rn6o nnpegr uaMepsBaerubrnr xra,ro6ana".3 usoro )K BHrrJrHBae, ulo rcHepa,rrHurZ nigcrap6ifi ycni4onlroBaB BaxJ'ruBicrrapxinuofo AoKyMeura,6yn ne6aiigyxuM /do BHpoKyHailtaArin,rpyHryeatprxHaapxiauux caigueuHrx, uir cnerliansHoc{ropMyBarHfi orrpu,rrc4Hnrrani4i6paHy BnacHopfi ao6ipry goryt,terrrin uoAo ceoei OI]AJIH,
3a lerrunrrd onocepeAKoBarruMr4 raHnMI1 3foAoM uix< renepaJrbHnM "na'rpoHor,r" yce nigcxap6ievrra iloro )r Hacraro [puMr,rpeHHs. O. Bacultqunon cai4unrn. ulo ni.qLracqeproBoro ni4'isgy ferbMaHago CaHxr-flerep6ypra s 1757 p. xoreriro npanurerir cKnaAaJrr4 reHepa.'rbHnfi o6osHrrfiC. I(ouyreuepanusvrit M. r'eHepaJrbHnii 6efr, niacxap6ifi Cxopona4crruil, nucap A. Ees6opolbKo,feHepanswtir ocaBy,rIl. BarsKeguu i reHeparrsunfixopyHNuii M. Xaueurcol74. A paHrMnxail:rarax i se sMiHr4ecs: niu nonrepy 1758p., (cave rorc poKy Kupnno Po:yuoncrrufi 4opiHeAoLreKaBrul.lcs niAeHilreHH.rr raa feHeparrnifi siiicr,xosiiiKar{i{e;'rflpii nasnuicrrcBaKaHcoBrrx naicurreuepa.uruoicrapnuHr{, slri s'gsr4.flprcs nicls crr.rep'ri cyani OdonoHcbKor.']o, ni4cxap6ir CxopouaAcbKofo,ocany:rin flxy6onaua i Banrxesfiqa)175.[ocrenleHHo eiAolro, uro Ao caMoi cnepri Muxafi:ra Ha:6epiraHHiy nsoro garurua,rucqeci i rpaQclxe 3Bal{Hfl,cKpHHs rerbMaHcbKix,refisoAu:r?aN{orrlHa rerbMaHcsrce s 6ylaaanau,6ynuyxou ra eificrrogunu neqarKaMH,Jrr,rraBpn, rpy6a, 3HaMep. yci ua.1758 ui rreiisoArzcuu Muxafira Ieau Croponagclxufi sganAo feHeparuroi uiftcrrcoeoixauqelxpii, a 4a.li, rK crBepA)r(ynan O. Jla:apencsxuii, 6. c,rilu ix zary6unvtcatT Y Bacurq Crcponagcrxoro 6yru lqe Airra:cHu leaH i Asi AonbKu -Hac'racix i flapacxena.flpore rxHexHr"r.qflpaKrur{}roue gnceirreHe B AoKyMeHrax farairuuoro apxiay llpo trnaHaeiAol{o Jl,r[re, ulo eiH srnfrcr qac MaB paHr feHepaJrrrHofo ocaBynai nouep 6la:rxo 1748p. OgpyNenrail6yn griui: : HeniAolron 3aSirieuolo ra Orelroro BoiiqexoBnu,oig octaHHbororunro6yvae cr{HaIsaHa 11725*1785),muli y:an rrrrrcb: Ara$ierc llo,ry6orniruoro.
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Apxia Cxoponadcurcux-
I:la ai,ll{iHy siA urax cnu Mnxafila Cxoponalcr,Koro, re>x IraH (17271783),lx i 6ar:rxo, :nrir ynifirra Ao Hafi6:rnxrroro ferbMaHcbKofoo'l.oqeHHrr. Crpi6y niu posnovar y paH:i 6yuuyrconororoBapr4ua,Harqo fiouy 6yr Bvrtasuii cneuianslg.uiryHirepca:l sit26 6epe:m 1752p. V utorrayKrapanoPosynaoecrrufi nr4caB:"noHexe MbrycMorpeJlHnoAcKap6ur reHepaJlHoforocfloguHa CxoponaAcKofocbrHaefo VIaaHaCxoponagcKoroK c,rpx6e noficKoeoii cnoco6Holo; Anrr rofo t\,r6r,ro gauuoft Har\,r oT es r4MneparopcKarcBe.ril4secrBa BJracrH,oHoro Llsaq,aCxopona4cKofo,r{KoK ornpaBneHurcsoficKoeofi cryxrou B rrHHe6yuuyronrrx roBapHilIefigocrofirraro, o[peAerrrenrero. IrlsaHa Crruocri,3aBap.Vranepeg.lacuafi Hecno4inauacivreprs6arsna rrraii6yrHboroferbMauan uepnuirofo )r(, a6co,rrrceHHt, npo neperipxy n:aroHi reHepalaAHiciiuona,qo lricruTscr cepeAiuurr.rxcnyx6osax nanepin ocaBynaCrcopona4crxorrc29. Ilpore Heri,'rrxx m'ra6si cnpaBr.rsairwaruuac ar1'roraHTa roJIoBHoKoMaHAytsaqa.3a 6y4r-xxoTuaro4u eiu 6pas yqacrb y 6oxx, HaoqHor{er4oHcrpyrolrr4, - rle HacaMnepeA6ofioanft o$irqo a4'roraHTHoBofo foJroBHoKoMaHAytsalra uep.Cave ror,r),B ftor-ooco6oeonay apxisi uigxlalrcr qnclesHi xapaKrcpr.tc-
244
rDopt ryecruua apxi auoeo si 6p auun II aet a Cxoponad cuxozo THKa ra ei4onrocri npo 6esnocepeAHroyqacrb nrafi6yrrrlofo rerbMaHa y giftcr(osnx girx. nu4aui fi ovry crapurnMa BoeHaqaJrbHHKaMH. I-{ilnornlBrrnpaBAaHHM BBDKa€Mo Br{cHoBoK, spo6nenufi Ha ni4crani enor{eHr{sSanainrHrax gonynaeuriucyqacHr4l{eifictxosuM icropunov B. fope,roBHMrlloAo Mal{brlxypctrcoronepio4y }Kxr.rr Cropona4cbr(oro:"Biu nuflsrge 6elc'rparuuicru, xolroguoKpon'1,uyxruicrs, repoi'sr.r,HeoAHopa3ono eigsuasaer[,cr y HaKa3axHasarrbHuKaura pi:Hux paHlia flK npnKnaAgn.ninurraxofiIrepiB.O6ifiNraro.{H HaSpoHri pr4 cepfio:Fll4xnocaA,siu uarofi}r.runserr4Krari gocaig, 6ofioeuil nignuqae cBolo oileparvBHortaKruuHyi aHa.;rirnuuyuaiicrepHicrr y rnaHyBaHHi, pospo6qi ra npoeegeHHieificrroBax onepaqiir.3a oco6lrcry uyxnicrt ra repoisv ocaB)'nCroponagxyva:tu6, ue:6eper,rocq.OcnirtKH BlKe21 ci\un i918 p. aiH 6yn suyrueunii po3nycrurpr Bcro cBolo opraui:ar1irc n Kueti, i nepeg 3afpo3olo 6ilrruoeuqrKol Haearl.rfloAarlrc.fllo Eiloi l-ieprcnura Xurouupa, oqeBHIHo, ulo Hi-f,lxy pa":inorpe6ra3ar{nMHcKnaAanucqcneqia,rsHi nra6al02. AonoeiAi-rcoHcleKTH AJrauacrynnol oco6ucroi 4onosiai Haqa,qbHr{Ka Tara 4ocuru qirra cucreMa npoxoAlreHHt/loKyMeHrisga6esneqyaailanpuffyflpaB;riHcrrxenepurunaii qnprcylspotvt cbKofo" Ha qorti 3 ceHaTopor'n nig ycix naiHicrepcrBBLIMaranocfl"Hagcuraru eci cnpaBu, nanepn Ta AoKyNaaforn e co6i exa:isKll ua clyx6oni 3IOquHHo'lis'IinYnpaincrrcoi MeHTH,.srci llae:ra Cxopona4clrcotol03.[o cni4uoi xoruicii norpaHacaMnepeA ,{epxann, qiuHi {K o0iuifine JrIlcryBaHHtrerbMaHa,AoKyMeHTH nnln rari AoKyn{eHTI'I, Ocni4orvr.loroni4giny npu fioro oco6onolty utra6i, ranepu, perni:oaaHi ni.r1 uac o6uryrin y rrliuicrpie YrpalHctttoi/{epxann, i Hasirr nporoKon14:aci4aHl il PaaHr,riHicrpieocraHHbofonepio4y,ro6ro s l4 rncronarc l9l8 p.r0aAne si6parranonuuft Kopilyc rerbMaHcbKllxAoKyMeHrisKolnliciqBce ;N TaKHIIe 3MofJra,i rouy s cepnHi 1919 p., nepe6yoalo'tuB KaM'qHqi-flolinlcbKoMy' ift "41n BuMaraJra nig rcepinuaUrsaBiitcrKoBo-icTopaqHoroMy3elonepeAaTLI nHcrll a TaKolI( CnOpOna4CbKOfO, reTr,MaFIa Ao 6ynruOrO Or,trAy nHCryBaHHg My3e}o siqe-.qupeKTopa Hboro, rqo s6epirafor1ct{y uy:ei". 3a iuSoprr,raqiero noTparilItr4[o rieT.iacrgHu $ou4in, tKa orLIH]tM. O6ilHoro, r1igorcytr,tellTn My3eloO. E;raro4ipou, i rouy HeMorJra nacq B laluqlrsi pa3oM3 AHpeKTopoM 6yru ua4aHaxorvticiil05.Moxluro, cane qi JIHo'lHpa3oM3 KopecfloHAeuuierc ferbt\laHaenirpaurc sxoro nepiogy 3faAyBanvcfl. npv onucauni "flpa3rxoto apxiey"l06. Brparl4;rafi ri goxyueHTpt,ulo orpl.IManaei4 pisHraxiucrnKomicit 3foAoN,I ryUifi s Kuesi. V xeirui 1919 p. oAHy cKplIHrc3 AoKyMeHral\{II6yuo :4atto MicrKoi vririqii Pinrrgro,i c;iilu ii aary6raluclru/.A s ixoerHi Haqairbnr.rKoei rofo x poKy B tr'asry s .niKsilaqielo BepxoBHoic;riA.{oi xolricii rci cnpawt ni4rrraln nepeAaHHlo 4o I\'IiHiclepcrBarccruqiil08, ane HacnpasAi6escriAuo 3HHKJ]14,
n'fpocrnnqi'raiHurux 3HHueHi6y.unnciri nanepui xnuru,sxi sarqtrta;ru rMaerKax Hanpuxiuqi 1917P. eia6yscsnepurinorpoMH' rerbMaHa. poAr.rHHl,rx :arH6e,rlrcocielTpocrsueqlnoi6i6niorerc'rTa r{acu-tocynpoBoAxyBanHcfi 6yenornicrro 19 18 p. po3rpoMtuae'rKie rnnu $auinbHoroapxiey.HanpraxiHqi goeeprueHnii. y 1917-1918porcax Tarun qr{rroM, SauinrurzfiapxiecxoponalcrxuxQarnpo cnylK6oBy,fpoMaAcbKyTa Tr4rlHoBllteHe nonoBHloBaBctAoKyMeH'raMI4 Ynpogoext Ul4xpoKiB apxie llanna Cxopouolirnurry,4ialtHicrl reTbMaHa. rraAcbKoro3a3HaB,.nx uiHirrlyrvr,rpu nurqieni yrapu. llepmr'rfi - HanpHKiHIIi KopnycHorooraMaHa(lucrn, rUo1977 p., ronu 6ylu erpaveui AoKyMeHTI4 yKpalHisal\ii rcopnycy)'[pyrifi * x{o;1o nanepn ra linoei AeHHHK,clyxt6oni s'reqns Klzesa(slora4uo nporoKo,'IunepeHa noqarKy 1918 p., HaIIepeAoAHi r{exaMg Ta [oJ]rKaMu,AononiAsi i npOno:raqii,alperonopin s +pagUy:aN,ir4,
265
Apxia Crcoponadcurcux cosaHi siftcrKosra\a[peAcraBHuxanaAsraHTH, Marepiaw't z nepirunqrna pyxoM, nlogeHrl.rx).Hapeurri, rperifi - y rpyxni I918 p., ni;nuorcosarlbKr4M eci ftoro AoKyMeHTLI 61'lranralyueui, a ntaernicla :peueHHffrerbMaHa,KoJrr,r KHocraroquo po:rpa6osaHi i cnareui BIqeH'r.[o roro x( BltreHe npauroBana 3Br.rr{Ha cxeMa Sopuynanun apxioy: flauo Cxopona4cr,nufi Hanonnuynani ix gpyxuHi, rra pos6Hpara,BnopqAKoByBani46rapanAoKyMeHrH,HanpaBr.flB i :6epirana rx o $auinrHifi :6ipui. J'rara onucyBanaHoei HaAxoAXteHHt, B yuoeax peeonr,ouifiHoroJIHXoni'n'snxe ue fiurrocq npo ni46ip. oilpaqrcnanepie 4o flerporpa4a. ,{omynaeHrucsiAolto BaHH{i Hasirr A,ocraBJLaHHa yMoBAJrqIx :6epia6o npocro BTpaqanucfl,ocxinsKlt )KoAH}'lx 3HuruyBanr{ctt faHHsBxe He icnyaalo. )I(aJTb 3 npHBoAy,"'{To y MeH.f lemrtaH, Ha norrarKycnoraAis BHc.noBI4BrIIpt clpaBoK", o4Hovacuo 6yn Her nor, pyrcofi Heo6xolHvbrx AoKyMeHTajIbHbtx 6yler BcerAaB vowrrru 3anucKaMra snesHeullfi, rqo 'o3ardHTepecoBaBuruficg B apxllBax"l0g.BiH Hasirt He cocrosHuu uairrv Bce Art uero Heo6xo,{r4N{oe Brina,uox3AoraAyBaBcrnpo peamuufi craH cnpaBsi ceoiN{ta AoKyMeHTatru. rturatlaMfi, qacruHy goscina cuoix 4ottyoctcilrsnu ruro, niH ue 6yr uLIpHM3 BnacHopyqHo. MeHrie Ha noqarKy 1918 p. 3HI4rqI4B no'r':gi, 3anuurusuraYnpaiHya rpygHi I 918 p. HasiveqsrcolrycaHirapHor,ty is co6olo )KoAHuxdta*rililtux apxieanifi. froro 4pyHe s\4ir BuBe3TH rerbrvraH xciasai girn, rxi en'r'sgurnpi:uiavru uirqxaMl4(.uirn pauiure, y rrlcronaAi, qepe: Ogecy- Irarirc - lllnefiqapiro, 4pyNuua - J]HrIeHaroqarKy ciuH-a1919p., s Kuena) Te)r(He Ma,{LIraKoi 3tvrofri.BoHu sgq,tt4: co6oro lnure alr6oMn poAuHrrr4xSolorpaf iii ra oxpeui po4oni pe;iinnii. 3 qieTnpvLrutu Ha errrirparlii npaKrl{ttHo3 Hynfl. AoBenocr:6uparu {auilrHrafi apxin:auono, noqHHa}oqu sKa tle niA qac neCrcoponagcbKa, I-{e:anganHrrB3r{iraua ce6e O,rerccau.qpa pe6ynaHnan llerporpa4i e 1914-t917 ponax 3axornnacqicropiercr,relrearoriero ra apxinuoro cnpaBolo,c'rapaHHopos6rzpalai nnopl4roeyBa"qacrapnfr Sauinsurzfiapxie. nonerr(..nuBo"ll2. OqeeuAHo. ilrunocs.npo apxie Coro:y re'rsnauqin-AepxaBHnrcin, u1o.r1o icHyeauHxsKofo :6eper,rr.rcr3faAKr4s "Elo,.rereHirersuancrroi ynpanu"ll3. Tart fioro HassaHo "Apxinou rerbMaHcsKofopyxv", i gasHaqerro, tqo saeiryBaHHrapxinon AopyrreHoHarrarbHHKy rerbMaHcbKoirauqenrpii C. lllertrery.Brim, qacruHaur,oro i sraninepeOyeae n Cxi4uoenponeficlxonay apxinyuceN 6ynaBpf,roBaHa Aocni4uoruyiucruryri inr.B. JInnnHcbxofoe (Di.larerrSiI (CIIIA). Cantarerluauieua :ragye npo qe, KoJrr{lrrrrre npo aKTuBHyAir;rluicrr csoeTcec'rpiaenu3aBerr4s cnpani AonoMorll xeprBaM ronoAy a PagaHcrxift VxpaiHi 1932s @i.r-ra.4err$ii 1933 poriu: "B IHcruryri iv. Jlunr.rrrcl,Koro nexrars MacaBeJ'rr4Kr4x rer{oK3 KopecnoHAesuie to, rxy JIini npoBaAr4na n qifi cnpani"l la. Ha xralr, 6i,uur AorcnaAuoiiu$opvaqii npo cKnaAi snaicrgonyneurin g BauH:eficrrcorosi6paHHrferbMaHan rloulax Cxi4uoenponeficmoror:oc.rriAnoro iscruryry inr. B. ilunprHcbKofoMH He MaeMo.3a onocepeAKoBaFruN{r.r TaMuuui nepe6yBarorbno.qi'raqHi,{oKyMeHTH llasra ra[anmnigorr,rocurlrH, ra CrclponaAcbKlrx,a,reix Aoci He orllcaHo, a iH$opnauiq u{oAo:uicry qux Alr(epexHe onpHnroAHeHa" apxie Crrxeuu:r, - Hail6ruN.rprila orxe 3aDKlu 6ynaN.loxrHsicrr o6ronopnru jx : ApylKI4Holo i nafirqupiruuMApyroM,oAHoAyM rIeM,nopa.qHuKoM. Ceirosa sifiHa6i-rslurK rrarpu poxu po:ipBa.raue xolcr cuirrxrcon,nepeliqyrcqplniaomiitvlnpuearHiapxinHia6ipru HauraAKie cepeArux, .ari icuyHoi crapruuHH,Fre3raAyBanunpo apxin Cxopona4cbKl.rx ralu, a6o raKHX,ulo Blr(e6ynu nrpaueHi.lb6ro B oqax roAiuuix uayxonqie:i6paur raKoro rIpHBarHofoapxisl' :naeqin $aui,rruux AoKyMeHraJrbHHX esala.niHe icuyra,ro. i HacrasFrHKa Hat{aAKa OqennAHo.u-tocaMe B ll. ,{opoureHKa,3eMJIflKa eeluxoT t|a.vi,ril Crcopona4cbKllx,Hapo)Jvnacfl. AyMKaIIpo fvlox(nllnicrt i 6anpo AaBHro xrasicrl siAuoe,reFlr.flpoAoBoroapxiny flK HaoqHofoceiA'-IeHHfl supo4y. llanno CxoponaAcrxufi cnaBy Be:rtjKoro Mr.{H}/ny lerrr,lasuluHy ra gaxonuecq peanisaqiercraroi anl6irHoi iaei. yqHeMi rBr{Bc.rBAsrrHuM llo.{arox ix cni.rrHoi po6orr.rHa4 :6rapaHH.au $arnli.uHuxapxisalifi CxoponaAcbKuxnpnrraBHa riueqr' XiX cr. Hassarl4Tor{Hy;1ary npocro HeMOxia.respo:yniro, rlo BoHa6ynaparriuio}o3a 25 rpygHr 1893 p., octci,rlrlt .qr{Bo, s nucri fi. l{opoureHKa3a uiero raroro 3a3Haqarocl:"EynaaruBauieft $avuilr4v:navnlrarcrco6uparbct noHeNlHoryKo *nat:286.Taruu qttHoM,crae 3po:yr,ri.rruu,uro Kpa$Haneqr nponie rpyHroBHynigroronuy po6ory u1epaHiure. Bi46ynncr nonepegui reperoBopu s HailefiAarsiutnnauapxeorpa$aMlri sHanrlrNara OaN{irruux apxinin. Y lncri Ha3uBa}orr,clnpnuafiltHi uorltpu raKux "orpoMHarc Solnaura" 3 goKynpi:urrqa: O. IlasapencbKoro,IK BJracHI4Ka MeHTaMr4 CxoponalcbKnx, ulo Ha rofi MoMeHT6yo nepegaHlaii,I{opouenrcy B. IxoHHHxova,xrcnirnoaiAotvluenpo ua.rnuicrnapxiealift Anq KoprrcryBaHHs;
315
Apxie Crcoponadcaxux y s6ipqi f. Munopa4oBnara;caMofo MlrropaAoelrua;M, BaCrcopona4cbKr.rx cH.:reHKa, 3a,'ryr{eHoro Ao cnpaBr4Br4flBJIeHHt Qavilruux nanepin a apxieocxoyxe B Xaprrcone,pa6oraer B l4cropnqecKoMapxuBerlpl4 Buu{ax:"BacH".reHKo yHr{Bepcr4Tere. HaAerocb,9ro oH uafi4er raM qro-Hu5yls axx Hac HHTepecroar:287.O.rerprAno,ulo nepeA rN*r ll. fiopoureHxo 3BepHyBctAo ocoCucro sHailoNalrx fiouy icropurin, rqo6 zilparu iuSoprtaaqircu1oAoHaqBHocrie ixuix s6ipxax apxinanifi Cxopona4cmux a6o )K npo ninovi it''t4oxyuenrn s iuuux apxinocxoruul. Oco6nltBoBpax(alorbptAKI4nucra 3 ont4coMorpuuauoro tig o'ucKrlo.JuTenruo6yO. JlaaapencbKoroBerr{r{e3Horo$o,riaHry rqo uicrur Cropona4cxoro (norlcnap6ur) I{ ero c[,iHoiraaruMuxanla Bacu,'r6eBr.Iqa ''"".
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11..{oporueHKo rr{e He craBI4B Ha rloptAol( 4eHuufi nt-{TaHHttnpo npug6aHna goxyueurin, BBaxalor{I4,tqo noKi4 3apaHo foBopllrt4 npo ue, "TaK KaK, y3HaB, B qeM 4eno, 6yly! Moxer 6t'Itl, HeoxorHo rlpl4cr,Irarb MHe 3TH 6yrtlanz; o npno6pereril4u vrx y4o6Hee 6y4er 3aroBopuTb rorAa, KorAa co6epervrux no6orlue"289. Isuuuu cJroBaMH,rrryxincrxufi linap parkrB r{e He po3rcnouy-
BarHrrrrpoKoHauripinni4po4nrraapxir CroponaAcbKuxi lisru raentuo, u1o6 eannnM uJttxoM rlotIoBHeHHr$avilrHe crroJroxaruiumux no.nexqioHepio. Hap.aHaran O. Ila:lapenctnl4M,Ha rolty erani niu uoi s6iprcnAoKyMeHTaMH, rcoani$ixoBaHoro BBaxaBxonirosaHH s, ane B ycboMy fnyxoni He gHafiru-qoc.r fL ,{oporueHrcoBBaxaBTaKo}Ksa Heo6xiAne30cepeAl4ractiHa neperrr4cyBaqa. a4pec noAanb[]prxnotuyliin. KpirrrXapnoJrboBHX AocriAxenHrx, BI4flB,TeIrHi Ha3nBaruoq :6ipxa B. TapuoncbKcroB t{epHiicropnuuoro apxiey, xiecsroro roei, Apxin foroeHoro inra6y n llerep6yp:i, :Sipuutt;loxynaeHrinlKofo 3fagaa y ceoifi peKoMeHAauii f. MulopaAoBne. Orxe, npnuaiinaHiHe nisHiure 1893 p. lI. fioporueHKora llasro Cxoponagcrnnfi liftunu 3roAr4uroAo Heo6xignocri cnilrsux 4ifr : ai4poAxeHHs Sanairruoro apxiey Croponagcsrcux.,[oporreHKo B)r(ey rpyAHi roro x poKy i pa4rau nonigoluue Harr{aAKyrerbMaHcbKoipograuunpo sNuri HHM3axo/trt'I :6ipurzxorur fiouy oruafioMurHct si sraAau[tMf. MranopaaoBl4r{eM toxyveHrin : Apxiny I-oroeHoro urra6y. Jlvcru flaera Cropona4cbKoro3a noqaroK1894p. y Salrintuonry$ougi, Ha )Karrb,ni,lcyrHi. BoHz goqesugr aacni4uyBa;Il{,3a cnoBaMI{lL fiopoueHs o6nacru QaunlrHofi ucropnu y Bac nocroKa,ulo "HHTepecK H3btcKaHl4qt\4 rHHo Bo3pacraer"290. Tara saqiras.JteHicrlni4irpinaracs :uaxiAxaMHAoKyMeHris n apxieax. Tax, M. Baculesro BvflBvtBy Xaprirclxolty apxini (rrepaxyrouraynieepcaris IeaFIa l0l cnpany,non'rsany si CrcoponaAcbKl4Mu gxepelanan 6ylu $oHAIaManopocificlxoi ftoro Croponagcsrtoro).OcHosuHIvtI4 ro.rrerilra lenepanbHoi sificrxoeoTrcaHqerqpi?gt.fiepelir qnx cnpar, Ha4ictasuit flanry Ctopona4cbKoMy,e HI4tiituur,ovyQatrinrrrovy rpou4i IIAIAK
316
rDopnyaauwnapxiauozosi6panunllaana Crcoponadcurcozo nigcyrHiii, ToMy Molr(HaJraue spo6nrr.rcnpo6y peKoHcrpyrorarnnepelix:a otrHcoMrlbofo Qosay, ocrci,rrKl.r6inrruicrr Br4{BJreHrlx 4orcy;uenrie6yla cronifionaga. 3a Hauruuu, Aylr(enpu6;rnsHnrvrn nigpaxyHKaMu,qe ABa- Tpr4AecflTKacnpaBHuHiursroro Sanai;nuoroapxiny,B ToMyqsc:ri xilrlxa opariualin yHieepcanieIeana CroponaAcbKoI-o,Jrncr-cfli s,Iyrrfl rerbMauaA. Mapxonurry 3 npi4BoAycniepri froro 6arrxa i remHraucbKororecr"rr,qepnerKanpoNroBr4 M. Ct'299, po:noni4arnpo uaxnuie fiorn:6ipui 1717,1714,1776i1721porcis, carie eiA Jrucru IeaHaCroponaAcbKoroAo nonroBHzxaflpunyubKoro [. fopleurca3oO. Haft6i:nurpurai uafiqixaeiurllraHaAXoAXeHHfl\,{ Ao Qavinrnoro apxiey Cnopop., s 1896 craJlaxonil cyAoeoicnpaoa, eig fopneHrca rraAcbKHX, orpplMaHnM xry 6araro porcinne;tu Muxafino ra Ieafi Crcopoua4crxis rerbhaauouKupn.ironaPo:yirroBcr'Kltx:a c. OpNraqlo. CBoro r{acy BOHa6y,ra nepeaaHaKpaeHuni qs cnpaBa:6epiraerrcl e rlalrinlHoruy 3HaBqrcO. Iia:apencrxuna30l. rlron4i302. i;rlHofo rerb Ale uafisarov i uron tpopuoxt crpittHHt{ eilpopreunro Sarr,t MaHct,Koroapxiny a 6or crrp.1227,1228,1239,1241. 60TaivrcaMo,crp. 1225, 1241. 6l Taivrcauo, cnp. 1248. a5^
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tDopuyeauunapxieuoeosi6pauunIf acta Cxoponadcuxoeo 62Tav cauo, crrp,1238. 63TanacaMo,crp. 1229,1231,1216, 6aTau caMo,cnp. 694,apx.34. 65 Ta;ucaMo,crrp. 1209, l2l1 1217, 1230. , 66 faru caMo,crlp. 694, apx.41. 67Tav caMo,cnp. 1240,apr. 15-19. 68Tau caMo,crp. 694. apx.36. 6eTar,rcalro,cnp. 1209,l2l l*121 4 1219,1223-1226,1233. " ' u T a u c a ^ r r oc .n n . 1 2 5 6 . 7t BoeilKo,is. il. C uapeM146e: qapa: BocrIoMI4HaHItt nocreAHeroABopltoBoro - Mr.rxcx:Xapeecr,2AA2,-C,9. KoMeHAaHra. 72 U A I A K . S . 1 2 1 9o , r.2, cnp.1244,apx.2-6. 73TatrrcaMo,crp. 694, apx. 45. ' ' T a n c a r r o .a p r xeuunrft reruas: Kar Mrxaur Ey:rraxorpaccopl{nflaera CxoponaAcKorou Alexces $ou Jlauue ll Potwna.-M..1997. - ],{e9. * C. 67. 223CepeeesA. Poccusu VrpalIna: u3 AHeBHnKoB H. M. Moru;rtHcKorou nucet\tK uerllyII. fL Cropoua,4cxoro( 19 l9*l 926) ll Mr+rynutee:l{cropuvecxuft iulvauax . *T. 14" M., CII6.: Atheneum* @enuxc,1993.- C. 259. 224Kicmaxiacaxufi O. @.Itloaessux (1874-l 885).- T. I : I 874-l 879.* K. 1994.-
c,626.
225€Qtpe.uoeC. Il-(o4egur.rx1923*1929. -K. 1997. - C. I 17. 226RicnnxiccuxuilO. @.llloAesnux.- C.627. 227Buuru'rerrcoB. K. llloAeuHLrxlrl/ Kniecrxa crapoBl{Ha. - 2000. - Ns 4. - C.74. 228 *K., 1997.-207 c. M. C. ll{o4euuur: (1888-1894). l-pyuteecuxult 22qBepuadcxuuB. t4.,{ueauurlr. 191'l-1921.- B 2-x xH.- K. 1994*1995. 230BuuuuqeuroB. lqo.qeHunr,191 I-1920. - T. 1. - Edmonton-llsro-fropx, 1980. 231 lout1oa,{. Pix 1918,KEia.- Knin-Toponro, 1954.lly6rixauia n Vr<paini:Xponix a 2 0 0 0 . 1 9 9 7 . - B u n . 1 7 - 1 8 .- C . 2 2 5 : 2 5 4 ; B u n . 1 9 - 2 0 . - C . 2 5 7 - 3 0 ; a r a r o x o K p e r \ { e Bl.IAaHHr: K.: Bgr. "Teuuopa", 2002. 232 UAIAK, 6. 1219,or. 2, cnp, 421,apx.28. 233Cxoponadcaxurt IL [. Crora,trt. * C. 56. 2 3 4 I I A I A K q, . O D , o r r . 2 ,a p x . 1 6 36 , a p x . 1 0 7 . 235Jnra caNro,crp. 690. apr. I 8. 216TaMcavo, aprresHs.Tar cauo rerrMaHisHaBBaxaese6axtauunaBBeAeHr{f, Ao tiraporemnoro o6iry inQoprraaqilnpo gerxi itriixoco6uc:ricHicrocyHKHtscepeAuHi pfay 30-40-x poxir XX cr. IIIoao urzxAoKyMeFrds eoua BuciroBr4:ra MaHcbKoro 6axanng 3Hr4LqHTr.{ ix nepen cBoerocMeprFO. Oco6;ruei yMoBr4:6epirauHr f anri:nuux goxynaeurie Ar4Krylorbcfl. HaeBHicrro B paMKaxoAHoroSoHly 4orynneHriesa pi:rri porcu(ni4 apyroi noroBlrnraXVII ao XX cr), : pi:uoro ocHoBolo(nepranteH,nanip XVIII ra XX cr.), (uopuura, orineqr, ApyKapcbKa;uaiuuura). : pi:uuvll caco6aN{Lr eiilrnopeHrr.a Ovenu4no, uro saco6ur6epexenHr Marorb6yru cnerlu$iurruvru/{xfl Ko}I{Horo Br4AyraKr4xgoxyueHrin, ale ue BalKKo:aderneqnu4 B paMKaxoAHOro$ona"v. ro apxi ny C xoponagcrxux, Perconcrpyriqi.sn epeicHol'o :rr i cry dtalai.uruo qHoi ucr o4nxtt npoBeaeHa HaMfi, ArlKryc norrl nsicru 3acrocyBaHus aHa-rtori gna ni4HoureHHriHrunx Savinrunx apxinunx e6ipox, HacaMflepeA cnopigMnropa4onuuin, Kouy6einra iu. HeHHXpo4in MixnauleBcbKrzx, TaKi urnqxu BKruoqarcrbnepeg6auams rpagraqifiHeBIlBqeHHscKiraAyrl,tx apxieuux Sou4ie AepxaBHI4xycraHoB, KoploparllBHLrx:6ipor6y,pornic'rp neil6-rnapAii xipacupcbxoro rlonKy y rigcraeqi (s 1764). O4pyx<enufig faHHoro AuroHisHorc Munopagonr.ru.f{irH: Arafiir ra fiapacrena. 16.,flrciaMuxuilnoeuu (t1782), cuu l\4nxaii;raBacurtosaua (J\i: 8) sia npera'ep-vafiopnei16-reap.liiliipa6yHu1'ntuufi, Apyrorc urro6y, reHepa.qF,HHfi crlpcbKorononxy.Oapyxeuui:r( 176 I ) : e$pocuHieto OcplnisHoro3arpenci'xoto (1 19.09.1799), AorrKoroOclrna 3arperclxoro, reHepa.! bHoro o6o:uotrc,ouyKa'repilua,Mnxaftelu3ane'ra, KororerbN{auaKupura Po:yuonctroro. firu: ;ro (1764),e$pocraHir(1767),flerpo (1768) ra Co$ir (6.r. 1769). 17.fauna Mlucsilniaua (Ao 1725 * rpyAeHb1740),Aor{KaMuxaiina I3a8) nig nepuloro mlxrfiy. O1pyri<eHa(ciueHt 1740): IOpievr clrrboBr4r{a(J,'{9 fpal opouuuev lIineHou, reHepair-Mafiopon. 18.Icou laaHoauq (5t.1725 -4o 1785),cHHIeaHaBacu.'ilosl4ua(J\b9), y Bircrasui (1774). Oit' nojrKoBHI4K roBapr4rx.rta.iropociilcr,KHr-{ 6yHuyrconiari (6t. 1725* ?), gouxorc 6yu(1752) s AraSiero -flKisHoroflory6ororc pyxrerrrafi qa r{yKoBo ro ro BapI4IIra flJlcanu. Kynbq'pl4. ra saqiosa;tlsoT A.2457.lorosue ynpaeliHnrMl4creurB O n . l , 8 4c n p . - On. 1, l0 clrp. raltqerxpirferbtv{al{a. A.2469.Oco6racra Ko3aubKa @.3293.leuepa;:lna Parra. On. l, 7 cnp. - On. l, 14 cnp. EopilcBorogu*rupoBHq. O. 3904.IbtusHH 381
Apxie Cxoponadcurcux
@. 4An . Ynpanr i Hna Kopnyc HoroiHreu4auraI -ro Yrpaiucr,KoroKopnycy. On. 1, I cnp. (D.4104.llIra6 l-ro VnpaiucbKoro Koprycy.- On. 1, 2, 13 cnp. O.4195.feuepalua ynpalHcrxa sifictxosarariqe,rrpir.- On. 1, I cnp. @.4547. Crel,reqtrcuiiEopucMuxafiroeuq,feHepaJl, HarrarbHHK lUra6y - On. 1,2 cnp. ferrnaHaecieiVnpaiHH ra eificsKKo3aqbKHx. It eumpanon u it depucaan u il apxia zpo.uadcutr