Hemoptysis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

HEMOPTYSIS A 3-IN-1 MEDICAL REFERENCE Medical Dictionary Bibliography & Annotated Research Guide TO I NTERNET R EFERENC...

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HEMOPTYSIS A 3-IN-1 MEDICAL REFERENCE Medical Dictionary Bibliography & Annotated Research Guide TO I NTERNET

R EFERENCES

HEMOPTYSIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Hemoptysis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00528-X 1. Hemoptysis-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on hemoptysis. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HEMOPTYSIS ............................................................................................. 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Hemoptysis.................................................................................... 4 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 5 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND HEMOPTYSIS.................................................................................... 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 Finding Nutrition Studies on Hemoptysis .................................................................................. 49 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 50 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND HEMOPTYSIS ............................................................. 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 53 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 58 General References ....................................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON HEMOPTYSIS .............................................................................................. 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ............................................................................. 63 CHAPTER 5. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON HEMOPTYSIS ................................................................ 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 65 Academic Periodicals covering Hemoptysis................................................................................. 66 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 71 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 73 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 77 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 77 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 77 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 81 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 81 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 81 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 81 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 81 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 87 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 87 HEMOPTYSIS DICTIONARY ...................................................................................................... 89 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 119

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with hemoptysis is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about hemoptysis, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to hemoptysis, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on hemoptysis. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to hemoptysis, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on hemoptysis. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HEMOPTYSIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on hemoptysis.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and hemoptysis, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Gaucher's Disease: Case Report of Mandibular Trauma Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology. 73(1): 23-26. January 1992. Summary: Gaucher's disease is a disturbance of lipid storage that results in the accumulation of histiocytes filled with glucosyl ceramide in various organs and bones. Clinical features include history of epistaxis, hemoptysis, and spontaneous gingival hemorrhage. This article reviews Gaucher's disease with reference to its importance to dental practitioners. A case involving mandibular trauma is presented. 5 figures. 13 references. (AA-M).

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Diagnosis and Management of Hoarseness Source: Comprehensive Therapy. 22(4): 251-255. April 1996.

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Hemoptysis

Summary: This article provides an overview to the diagnosis and management of hoarseness, defined as a rough or noisy quality of voice. The etiology of a hoarse voice is broad, ranging from benign causes, such as a viral infection, to severe disorders such as a malignant laryngeal lesion. Topics covered include the physiology of vocal production, the clinical presentation of the hoarse patient, vocal disorders and treatments, inflammatory lesions, benign laryngeal lesions, and malignant laryngeal lesions. The author notes that a patient who presents with an acute episode of hoarseness usually has a benign process that is responsible for the voice change. However, if the problem persists beyond two weeks despite medical treatment, or if the voice change continues to worsen, a thorough examination of the larynx is warranted. If the patient has a significant history of alcohol or tobacco use with symptoms of throat pain, hoarseness, otalgia, or hemoptysis, the presence of a malignant lesion must be ruled out without delay. 3 figures. 12 references. (AA-M).

Federally Funded Research on Hemoptysis The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to hemoptysis. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to hemoptysis. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore hemoptysis. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for hemoptysis: •

Project Title: GENETIC ALTERATIONS AT MULTIPLE LOCI IN PRE-INVASIVE BRONCHIAL LESIONS Principal Investigator & Institution: Anderson, Marshall W.; Director; University of Colorado Hlth Sciences Ctr P.O. Box 6508, Grants and Contracts Aurora, Co 800450508 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-MAY-2000; Project End 30-APR-2003 Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States and Western Europe. Currently, the diagnosis of lung cancer relies on the symptoms of cough, hemoptysis and production of sputum, and the conventional chest x- ray. This approach mainly results in the diagnosis of lung cancer in advanced stages of disease where at least two thirds of the patients have clinically detectable regional node or distant metastases. Therefore, this symptomatic diagnosis strategy cannot be relied upon to detect lung cancer in advanced stages of disease where at least two-thirds of the patients have clinically detectable regional node or distant metastases. Therefore, this symptomatic diagnosis strategy cannot be relied upon to detect lung cancer in its early

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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and more curable stages. Several recent studies utilized modern techniques of sputum cytology and bronchoscopy to detect x-ray occult lung early stage tumors. We propose to explore the possibility that genetic analysis in conjunction with morphologic analysis can enhance the detection of curable stages of lung cancer compared to morphology alone. To determine the appropriate genetic assays, sets of the major histologic subtypes of lung cancer will be analysis at multiple loci previously implicated in lung carcinogenesis. Then premalignant lesions will be analyses for the combinations of the genetic alterations which were frequently detected in the tumor DNA. These results will be used to design genetic assays to analyze atypical cells in sputa and bronchoscopy specimens. These genetic analyses will be done in collaboration with other investigators in the Colorado SPORE as well as with investigators int he Johns Hopkins SPORE. We have begun to analyze a set of forty-four squamous cell tumors for the various genetic alterations. Analysis of chromosome 9 and 19 microsatellite markers showed LOH in 22 of the 23 tumors analyzed to date. We have also detected a homozygous deletion in 14 of the 23 tumors. Twelve of the twenty-three tumors contained a homozygous deletion at D9S126 and ten of the twenty-three contained a homozygous deletion at D9S165/263. Discrete homozygous deletions at D9S126 and D9S165/263 have not been previously reported in lung tumors. We have begun to microdissect preneoplastic lesions from these same tumors and to date have detected LOH on chromosome 9 in 2 of 5 hyperplasias, 3 of 4 moderate dysplasias, and 2 of 2 carcinoma in situ lesions. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that improved methods of detection of preneoplastic changes in respiratory mucosa will result in earlier intervention and improved survival in lung cancer patients. The goals are to analyze the combination of genetic alterations and temporal sequence of events that occur in the development of human lung tumors, to determine the association between the mutational events and cellular atypia, and to further evaluate the clinical significance of atypical cells and mutations in sputa and bronchoscopic specimens. It is not cost effective to perform bronchoscopy on all high risk patients whose sputa are diagnosed as moderate/marked dysplasia; however, the approximate 5% of these patients with moderate/marked sputa diagnosis who already have a tumor would benefit by immediate detection and localization by bronchoscopy and subsequent treatment. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for hemoptysis in the PubMed Central database:

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Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print.

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Hemoptysis

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma. by Chu CM, Woo PC, Chong KT, Leung WS, Chan VL, Yuen KY.; 2004 Feb; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=344487

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with hemoptysis, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for hemoptysis (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A 26-year-old man with shortness of breath, fever, and hemoptysis. Kaposi's sarcoma. Author(s): Irwin RS, Weg JG. Source: Chest. 1996 September; 110(3): 833-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8797434

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A 52-year-old woman with recurrent hemoptysis. Author(s): Lim KH, Lim YC, Liam CK, Wong CM. Source: Chest. 2001 March; 119(3): 955-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11243981

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A 53-year-old man with hemoptysis. Author(s): Singh SP, Nath H. Source: Chest. 2001 July; 120(1): 298-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11451853

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A 60-year-old man with a left upper lobe mass and hemoptysis. Author(s): Bassiri AG, Wehner JH, Kirsch CM, Kagawa FT, Grove WE, Nathanson M, Jensen WA. Source: Seminars in Respiratory Infections. 1999 March; 14(1): 88-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10197401

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A 69-year-old woman with hemoptysis, bilateral alveolar infiltrates, and microscopic hematuria. Author(s): Hasday JD, Mergner WJ, Collins MT. Source: Md Med J. 1997 August; 46(7): 367-74. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9260474

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A case of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis with collapse of the left lung after hemoptysis. Author(s): Abe Y, Kurita S, Ohkubo Y, Hashizume T, Fujino T. Source: Kekkaku. 2002 April; 77(4): 373-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12030044

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A case of penetrating aortic atherosclerotic ulcer with hemoptysis. Author(s): Fukushima M, Seino Y, Yoshikawa M, Ueda Y, Takano T. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 2000 November; 41(6): 781-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232996

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A pulmonary cavernous hemangioma causing massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Sirmali M, Demirag F, Aydin E, Karasu S, Kaya S. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2003 October; 76(4): 1275-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14530026

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A rare cause of hemoptysis: benign sugar (clear) cell tumor of the lung. Author(s): Santana AN, Nunes FS, Ho N, Takagaki TY. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2004 April; 25(4): 652-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15037292

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Added benefit of thoracic aortography after transarterial embolization in patients with hemoptysis. Author(s): Chun HJ, Byun JY, Yoo SS, Choi BG. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2003 June; 180(6): 1577-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12760924

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Amiodarone-associated hemoptysis. Author(s): Ravishankar R, Samuels LE, Kaufman MS, Samuels FL, Thomas MP, Galindo L, Morris RJ, Brockman SK. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1998 December; 316(6): 390-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9856693

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An unusual cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Urbat BE, Haapaniemi JR, Weyhing BT, Baciewicz FA Jr. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1998 February; 65(2): 539-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9485263

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An unusual cause of hemoptysis: ventriculopulmonary fistula. Author(s): Kuzucu A, Tandogan I, Cihan HB, Gulcan O, Turkoz R. Source: The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2003 October; 44(5): 625-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14735051

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An unusual cause of nearly fatal hemoptysis. Author(s): Nel JD, Kriegler SG, Van Vuuren WM, Harris DG, Bolliger CT. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2001; 68(6): 635-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11786724

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Anesthetic management of a parturient undergoing cesarean section with a tracheal tumor and hemoptysis. Author(s): Ng YT, Lau WM, Yu CC, Hsieh JR, Chung PC. Source: Chang Gung Med J. 2003 January; 26(1): 70-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12656313

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Aortobronchial fistula presenting as recurrent hemoptysis and successfully treated with an endovascular stent graft. Author(s): Yoo JH, Lee CT, Shim YS, Chung JW, Ahn H, Kim KW. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2001; 68(5): 537-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11694820

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Aortobronchial fistula: a rare etiology for hemoptysis. Author(s): Oppenheimer R, Brotherton L. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 2002 April; 81(4): 257-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11987743

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Aortopulmonary fistula in an infected Dacron graft for coarctation of the aorta: an uncommon cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Ashchi M, McCarthy PM, Golish JA. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1997 October; 97(10): 604-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9357235

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Arterial embolization as preoperative treatment for pulmonary aspergillosis with hemoptysis. Author(s): Otani Y, Yoshida I, Ohki S, Kano M, Kawashima O, Suzuki M, Sato Y, Takahashi T, Ohtaki A, Ishikawa S, Morishita Y. Source: Surgery Today. 1997; 27(9): 812-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9306603

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Association of presence of Aspergillus antibodies with hemoptysis in patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no radiologically visible mycetoma. Author(s): Chu CM, Woo PC, Chong KT, Leung WS, Chan VL, Yuen KY. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2004 February; 42(2): 665-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14766834

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Bacteremia and hemoptysis due to an infected false left ventricular aneurysm associated with a bronchoventricular fistula. Author(s): Khatib R, Camero LG, Baran J Jr, DiLisio R, Cushing FR. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1996 May; 22(5): 874-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8722963

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Bilobectomy for massive hemoptysis after bilateral lung transplantation. Author(s): Guth S, Mayer E, Fischer B, Lill J, Weiler N, Oelert H. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2001 June; 121(6): 1194-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11385388

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Blood clots mimicking peripheral intrabronchial tumors in patients with hemoptysis: CT and bronchoscopic findings. Author(s): Eisenhuber E, Brunner C, Bankier AA. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 2000 January-February; 24(1): 47-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10667657

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Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis: a comprehensive review. Author(s): Yoon W, Kim JK, Kim YH, Chung TW, Kang HK. Source: Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2002 November-December; 22(6): 1395-409. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12432111

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Bronchial arteriography and transcatheter embolization in the management of hemoptysis. Author(s): Zhang JS, Cui ZP, Wang MQ, Yang L. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 1994 September-October; 17(5): 276-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7820837

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Bronchial arteriovenous malformation in a child with hemoptysis. A case report. Author(s): Sharifi M, Messersmith R, Newman B, Chung Y, Lakier JB. Source: Angiology. 1996 February; 47(2): 203-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8595017

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Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis due to benign diseases: immediate and long-term results. Author(s): Kato A, Kudo S, Matsumoto K, Fukahori T, Shimizu T, Uchino A, Hayashi S. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 2000 September-October; 23(5): 351-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11060364

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Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis in a lung transplant recipient. Author(s): Schoenberger JA, Darcy MD. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 1995 May-June; 6(3): 354-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7647435

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Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis in young patients with cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Barben J, Robertson D, Olinsky A, Ditchfield M. Source: Radiology. 2002 July; 224(1): 124-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12091671

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Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis. Author(s): Eurvilaichit C, Supasinsathit T, Saenghirunvattana S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2000 June; 83(6): 590-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10932484

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Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis: immediate and long-term results. Author(s): Hayakawa K, Tanaka F, Torizuka T, Mitsumori M, Okuno Y, Matsui A, Satoh Y, Fujiwara K, Misaki T. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 1992 May-June; 15(3): 154-8; Discussion 158-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1628281

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Bronchial artery embolization for severe hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Sweezey NB, Fellows KE. Source: Chest. 1990 June; 97(6): 1322-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2347216

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Bronchial artery embolization for the management of nonmassive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Antonelli M, Midulla F, Tancredi G, Salvatori FM, Bonci E, Cimino G, Flaishman I. Source: Chest. 2002 March; 121(3): 796-801. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11888962

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Bronchial artery embolization for the treatment of hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Brinson GM, Noone PG, Mauro MA, Knowles MR, Yankaskas JR, Sandhu JS, Jaques PF. Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 1998 June; 157(6 Pt 1): 1951-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9620932

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Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Cipolli M, Perini S, Valletta EA, Mastella G. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 1995 June; 19(6): 344-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7567213

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Bronchial artery embolotherapy for control of acute hemoptysis: analysis of outcome. Author(s): White RI Jr. Source: Chest. 1999 April; 115(4): 912-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10208183

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Bronchial stricture and hemoptysis in a woman with sickle cell anemia. Author(s): Robinson KJ, Cury JD, Laos LF. Source: Chest. 2004 February; 125(2): 766-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14769762

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Bronchogenic cyst of the left lower lobe associated with severe hemoptysis. Author(s): Lardinois D, Gugger M, Ris HB. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1999 September; 16(3): 382-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10554866

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Hemoptysis

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Bronchoscopy for hemoptysis. Author(s): Schraufnagel D, Margolis B. Source: Chest. 1990 June; 97(6): 1502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2347244

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Bronchoscopy in hemoptysis. Author(s): Lippmann ML, Walkenstein MD, Goldberg SK. Source: Chest. 1990 December; 98(6): 1538. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2245709

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Can CT replace bronchoscopy in the detection of the site and cause of bleeding in patients with large or massive hemoptysis? Author(s): Revel MP, Fournier LS, Hennebicque AS, Cuenod CA, Meyer G, Reynaud P, Frija G. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2002 November; 179(5): 1217-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12388502

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Cardiac bronchus: a rare cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Bentala M, Grijm K, van der Zee JH, Kloek JJ. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2002 October; 22(4): 643-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12297193

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Case 33-1997: a 75-year-old man with chest pain, hemoptysis, and a pulmonary lesion. Author(s): Feldman D, Cote E. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998 March 26; 338(13): 925. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9518294

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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 14-2002. A 51-year-old woman with recurrent hemoptysis. Author(s): Daly JS, Mark EJ. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002 May 9; 346(19): 1475-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12000819

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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 30-2002. An eight-year-old girl with fever, hemoptysis, and pulmonary consolidations. Author(s): O'Sullivan BP, Erickson LA, Niles JL. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002 September 26; 347(13): 1009-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12324558

Studies

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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 36-2002. A 32-year-old man with hemoptysis of nearly three decades' duration. Author(s): Silverman ES, Mark EJ. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002 November 21; 347(21): 1693-701. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12444185

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Case records of the University of Maryland and Baltimore VA Medical Centers. A 73year-old woman with hemoptysis and shortness of breath. Author(s): Shanholtz C. Source: Md Med J. 1997 March; 46(3): 131-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9062057

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Catamenial hemoptysis and pulmonary endometriosis: a case report. Author(s): Yu Z, Fleischman JK, Rahman HM, Mesia AF, Rosner F. Source: The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York. 2002 September; 69(4): 261-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12357268

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Catamenial hemoptysis. Author(s): Hachiya T, Okada M, Takamizawa A, Hasegawa M, Honda T, Kubo K. Source: Intern Med. 2003 August; 42(8): 765-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12924510

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Catamenial hemoptysis. Author(s): Weber F. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2001 November; 72(5): 1750-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11722086

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Catamenial hemoptysis. Diagnosis with MRI. Author(s): Cassina PC, Hauser M, Kacl G, Imthurn B, Schroder S, Weder W. Source: Chest. 1997 May; 111(5): 1447-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9149611

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Clinical assessment and management of massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Jean-Baptiste E. Source: Critical Care Medicine. 2001 May; 29(5): 1098. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11378596

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Commentary on bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis in young patients with cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Yovichevich S. Source: Radiology. 2003 September; 228(3): 903; Author Reply 903-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12954908

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Congenital bronchial cyst with recurrent submassive hemoptysis. Author(s): Nusair S, Salameh-Giryes S, Springer C, Izhar U. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2003 April; 125(4): 972-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12698171

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Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a middle-aged woman with hemoptysis. Author(s): Al-Githmi I, Kanaan H, Batawil N, Mamoun I. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2004 June; 127(6): 1833-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15173753

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Control of massive hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis with bronchial arterial embolization. Author(s): Lampmann LE. Source: Radiology. 1997 September; 204(3): 875-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9280278

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Cor triatriatum: a cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Sritippayawan S, Margetis MF, MacLaughlin EF, Achermann R, Wells WJ, Davidson Ward SL. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 2002 November; 34(5): 405-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12357491

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Cough, malaise, and hemoptysis in a 22-year-old man. Author(s): Ahmed T, Phillips DM, Koury AM, Houston GA, Rose W, Tonore T. Source: J Miss State Med Assoc. 2004 March; 45(3): 71-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15054961

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Cryptogenic hemoptysis and smoking. Author(s): Hiyama J, Horita N, Shiota Y, Ono T, Yamakido M. Source: Chest. 2002 April; 121(4): 1375-6; Author Reply 1376. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11948084

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Death-producing hemoptysis in tuberculosis. Author(s): Middleton JR, Sen P, Lange M, Salaki J, Kapila R, Louria DB. Source: Chest. 1977 November; 72(5): 601-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=913138

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Delayed massive hemoptysis after expandable bronchial stent placement. Author(s): Urschel JD. Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. 1999 April; 9(2): 155-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10235353

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Delayed massive hemoptysis complicated with aspiration of organophosphorus compound. Author(s): Ikegami Y, Hasegawa A, Tase C, Murakawa M. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2003 October; 21(6): 509-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14574667

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Desmopressin therapy for massive hemoptysis associated with severe leptospirosis. Author(s): Pea L, Roda L, Boussaud V, Lonjon B. Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2003 March 1; 167(5): 726-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12598216

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Detecting lung cancer as a cause of hemoptysis in patients with a normal chest radiograph: bronchoscopy vs CT. Author(s): Colice GL. Source: Chest. 1997 April; 111(4): 877-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9106564

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Development of a new balloon catheter for management of hemoptysis with bronchofiberscopes. Author(s): Freitag L. Source: Chest. 1993 February; 103(2): 593. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8432160

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Diagnosis and management of hemoptysis. Author(s): DiLeo MD, Gianoli GJ. Source: J La State Med Soc. 1994 April; 146(4): 115-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8006494

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Diagnostic studies in catamenial hemoptysis. Author(s): Guidry GG, George RB. Source: Chest. 1990 August; 98(2): 260-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2376153

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Diffuse alveolar septal amyloidosis presenting with recurrent hemoptysis and medial dissection of pulmonary arteries. Author(s): Road JD, Jacques J, Sparling JR. Source: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 December; 132(6): 1368-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4073673

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Diffuse ecchymoses, hemoptysis, and atrial fibrillation in a patient with a lung mass. Author(s): Knudsen JF Jr, Wong-Sick-Hong J, Higby K. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1986 November; 81(5): 947. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3022588

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Distal kinking of a pulmonary artery catheter as a cause of fatal hemoptysis. Author(s): Brandstetter RD, Alarakhia N, Coli L, Gitler B. Source: N Y State J Med. 1984 October; 84(10): 521-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6594612

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Efficient intervention in life-threatening hemoptysis. Author(s): Lutolf M, Kuhn M, Reinhart W. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2000; 67(5): 570-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11070465

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Embolization for hemoptysis: a six -year review. Author(s): Yu-Tang Goh P, Lin M, Teo N, En Shen Wong D. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 2002 January-February; 25(1): 1725. Epub 2001 November 23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11907769

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Embolization of apparently normal pulmonary arteries as a treatment for hemoptysis: case report. Author(s): Millward SF, Shamji FM, Peterson RA. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1997 February; 48(1): 19-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9030063

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Embolization of multiple Rasmussen aneurysms as a treatment of hemoptysis. Author(s): Santelli ED, Katz DS, Goldschmidt AM, Thomas HA. Source: Radiology. 1994 November; 193(2): 396-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7972750

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Embolotherapy for persistent hemoptysis: the significance of pleural thickening. Author(s): Tamura S, Kodama T, Otsuka N, Kihara Y, Nisikawa K, Yuki Y, Samejima M, Uwada O, Watanabe K, Minoda S. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 1993 March-April; 16(2): 85-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8485749

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Emergent pneumonectomy for hemoptysis in a patient with previous thoracoplasty. Author(s): Okubo K, Ueno Y, Isobe J, Kato T. Source: The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2002 February; 43(1): 123-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11803343

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Endobronchial argon plasma coagulation for treatment of hemoptysis and neoplastic airway obstruction. Author(s): Morice RC, Ece T, Ece F, Keus L. Source: Chest. 2001 March; 119(3): 781-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11243957

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Endobronchial myofibroblastic sarcoma presenting with hemoptysis in a patient with a normal chest x-ray. Author(s): Koktener A, Dilmen G. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 2004 March; 97(3): 314-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15043346

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Endobronchial telangiectasias and hemoptysis in scleroderma. Author(s): Kim JH, Follett JV, Rice JR, Hampson NB. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1988 January; 84(1): 173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3337121

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Endotracheal intubation in massive hemoptysis: advantages of the orotracheal route. Author(s): Katkov WN, Ault MJ. Source: Critical Care Medicine. 1989 September; 17(9): 968. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2766774

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Endovascular stenting of an aortopulmonary fistula presenting with hemoptysis. A case report. Author(s): Campagna AC, Wehner JH, Kirsch CM, Semba CP, Kagawa FT, Jensen WA, Dake MD. Source: The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 1996 December; 37(6): 643-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9016985

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Erosion of implantable cardioverter defibrillator patch electrode into airways: an unusual cause of recurrent hemoptysis. Author(s): Dasgupta A, Mehta AC, Rice TW, Tchou P, Meli Y, Wiedemann HP. Source: Chest. 1998 January; 113(1): 252-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9440603

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Etiology and management of pediatric hemoptysis. Author(s): Batra PS, Holinger LD. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2001 April; 127(4): 377-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11296044

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Evaluation and management of hemoptysis in infants and children. A report of nine cases. Author(s): Thompson JW, Nguyen CD, Lazar RH, Stocks RM, Schoumacher RA, Hamdan F, Van Nguyen K. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1996 July; 105(7): 516-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8678426

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Exertional dyspnea, hemoptysis, and skin lesions in a 34-year-old woman. Author(s): Williams DE, Rosenow EC. Source: Chest. 1993 August; 104(2): 587-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8339652

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Expanding the differential diagnosis of hemoptysis: mycotic aortic aneurysms. Author(s): Kirkpatrick JN, Ring M, Lang RM. Source: Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2003 Summer; 4(3): 180-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12949444

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Exsanguinating hemoptysis after pulmonary embolectomy. Author(s): Shimokawa S, Watanabe S, Kobayashi A. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1999 December; 68(6): 2385-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10617052

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Exsanguinating hemoptysis revealing the absence of left pulmonary artery in an adult. Author(s): Thomas P, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Bartoli JM, Auge A, Garbe L, Giudicelli R, Fuentes P. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2001 November; 72(5): 1748-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11722085

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Exsanguinating hemoptysis. Author(s): Garzon AA, Cerruti MM, Golding ME. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1982 December; 84(6): 82933. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7144217

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Extrapleural bronchial artery ligation for life-threatening hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis--a case report. Author(s): Kaukuntla HK, Amer KM, Honeybourne D, Stableforth DE, Khalil-Marzouk JF. Source: Angiology. 2000 September; 51(9): 787-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10999621

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Factitious hemoptysis and anemia. Author(s): Okimoto N, Soejima R. Source: Chest. 1994 May; 105(5): 1629. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8181393

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Factitious hemoptysis. Author(s): Ozden A, Canat S. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999 April; 38(4): 356-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10199104

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Factitious hemoptysis. Adding to the differential diagnosis. Author(s): Baktari JB, Tashkin DP, Small GW. Source: Chest. 1994 March; 105(3): 943-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8131571

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Factitious hemoptysis. The case of the red towel. Author(s): Feinsilver SJ, Raffin TA, Kornei MC, Sullivan SJ, Smith MA. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1983 March; 143(3): 567-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6830391

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False aneurysm of a palliative shunt producing massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Caffarena JM, Llamas P, Otero-Coto E. Source: Chest. 1982 January; 81(1): 110-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6172242

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False aneurysm secondary to aortic cannulation--rupture into lung with fatal hemoptysis during aortography. Author(s): Ramakantan R, Shah P. Source: The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. 1989 October; 37(5): 322-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2588253

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Familial multiple-organ arterial ectasia with massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Su CC, Su WT. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1989 March; 47(3): 461-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2930309

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Fatal hemoptysis caused by ruptured giant Rasmussen's aneurysm. Author(s): Patankar T, Prasad S, Deshmukh H, Mukherji SK. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2000 January; 174(1): 262-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10628495

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Fatal hemoptysis from Behcet's disease in a child. Author(s): Cohle SD, Colby T. Source: Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. 2002 September-October; 11(5): 296-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12361841

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Fatal hemoptysis in dissecting aortic aneurysm and salmonellosis: a case report. Author(s): Chung SL, Ding YA. Source: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1999 November; 62(11): 817-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10575811

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Fatal hemoptysis in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Old malady with a new curse. Author(s): Yost BA, Vogelsang JP, Lie JT. Source: Chest. 1995 May; 107(5): 1465-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7750352

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Fatal hemoptysis in lymphangiomyomatosis. Author(s): Fliegel E, Chitkara RK, Azueta V, Steinberg H. Source: N Y State J Med. 1991 February; 91(2): 66-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2006058

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Fatal hemoptysis: aortobronchial fistula as a preventable cause of death. Author(s): Wheeler AP, Loyd JE. Source: Critical Care Medicine. 1989 November; 17(11): 1228-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2791602

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Fatal hemoptysis: complication or failure of treatment. Author(s): Speiser B, Spratling L. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1993 April 2; 25(5): 925. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8478246

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Fatal massive hemoptysis due to pneumonia. Author(s): Murthy R, Dosani AR, Zonozi MS. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1981 May; 74(5): 647-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7244735

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Fatal massive hemoptysis secondary to intralobar sequestration. Author(s): Rubin EM, Garcia H, Horowitz MD, Guerra JJ Jr. Source: Chest. 1994 September; 106(3): 954-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8082388

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Fever, hemoptysis and pneumonia in a twelve-year-old girl. Author(s): Shetty AK, Quinonez JM, Steele RW. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1998 September; 17(9): 849; 852-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9779781

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Fiberoptic bronchoscopy of intubated patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. Author(s): Dupree HJ, Lewejohann JC, Gleiss J, Muhl E, Bruch HP. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2001 January; 25(1): 104-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11213148

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Fibrosing mediastinitis. Causing pulmonary artery and vein obstruction with hemoptysis. Author(s): Hicks GL Jr. Source: N Y State J Med. 1983 February; 83(2): 242-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6572820

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Foreign body-induced hemoptysis. Author(s): Lowe R, Shore E. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1989 February; 47(2): 330-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2919926

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Gastric duplication with hemoptysis: CT findings. Author(s): Faerber EN, Balsara R, Vinocur CD, de Chadarevian JP. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1993 December; 161(6): 1245-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8249734

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Glomerular basement membrane thinning in a patient with hematuria and hemoptysis mimicking Goodpasture's syndrome. Author(s): Coleman M, Stirling JW, Langford LR, Frith PA, Barratt LJ. Source: American Journal of Nephrology. 1994; 14(1): 47-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8017481

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Hemoptysis and hypoxemia in an asthmatic. Author(s): Davel S, Bolliger CT, Diacon AH, Irusen EM. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2003 July-August; 70(4): 426-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14512682

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Hemoptysis and unilateral intra-alveolar hemorrhage complicating intravenous thrombolysis for myocardial infarction. Author(s): Hammoudeh AJ, Haft JI, Eichman GT. Source: Clin Cardiol. 1996 July; 19(7): 595-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8818443

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Hemoptysis as the first symptom of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Author(s): Pasalidou E, Tzavara V, Vondetsianos Ch, Boki K. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003 January-February; 21(1): 140. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12673910

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Hemoptysis as the presenting symptom in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Author(s): Mroz BJ, Sexauer WP, Meade A, Balsara G. Source: Chest. 1997 June; 111(6): 1775-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9187212

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Hemoptysis caused by an endobronchial lipoma. Author(s): Pinero A, Gimenez A, Lax FG, Parrilla P. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1996 May; 111(5): 1104-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8622309

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Hemoptysis following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a case of lithotripsyinduced pulmonary contusion in a pediatric patient. Author(s): Tiede JM, Lumpkin EN, Wass CT, Long TR. Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2003 November; 15(7): 530-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14698366

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Hemoptysis from an emphysematous bulla developing after open-heart surgery: report of a case. Author(s): Nakajima J, Yamamoto M, Kotsuka Y, Yagyu K, Kawauchi M, Kubota H, Furuse A, Oka T. Source: Surgery Today. 1997; 27(3): 266-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9068112

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Hemoptysis from an unusual pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Author(s): Thung KH, Sihoe AD, Wan IY, Lee TW, Wong R, Yim AP. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2003 November; 76(5): 1730-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14602328

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Hemoptysis in a 38-year-old woman receiving an oral contraceptive. Author(s): Behnia MM, Catalano PW, Brooks WS. Source: Chest. 2004 May; 125(5): 1944-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15136411

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Hemoptysis in children. Author(s): Pianosi P, al-sadoon H. Source: Pediatrics in Review / American Academy of Pediatrics. 1996 October; 17(10): 344-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8885642

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Hemoptysis in children. Author(s): Godfrey S. Source: Pediatr Pulmonol Suppl. 2004; 26: 177-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15029644

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Hemoptysis in HIV-infected patients. Author(s): Nelson JE, Forman M. Source: Chest. 1996 September; 110(3): 737-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8797420

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Hemoptysis in sarcoidosis: a case report. Author(s): Parker AL, Clarke EM, Rounds S. Source: Medicine and Health, Rhode Island. 1996 September; 79(9): 328-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8885629

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Hemoptysis secondary to fistulisation of Pott's abscess. Author(s): Kanat F, Aydemir Y, Imecik O. Source: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2003 December; 7(12): 1209-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14677898

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Hemoptysis, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and respiratory failure: clinical conference on management dilemmas. Author(s): Schnader J, Smith RM, Britt EJ, Katz AS, Kelley MA, Schraufnagel D. Source: Chest. 1997 June; 111(6): 1724-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9187200

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Hemoptysis. Author(s): Corder R. Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2003 May; 21(2): 421-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12793622

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Hemoptysis. Three questions that can direct management. Author(s): Colice GL. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1996 July; 100(1): 227-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8668618

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Hemoptysis: a rare cause can be related to a bronchial varix due to pulmonary venous obstruction. Author(s): Wiebe S, Maclusky I, Manson D, Holowka S, Yoo SJ. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 2003 December; 33(12): 884-6. Epub 2003 September 09. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=13680001

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Hemoptysis: etiology, evaluation, and outcome in a tertiary referral hospital. Author(s): Hirshberg B, Biran I, Glazer M, Kramer MR. Source: Chest. 1997 August; 112(2): 440-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9266882

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Hoarseness, hemoptysis and a hole in the aorta: a case review. Author(s): Kalra DK, Zoghbi WA. Source: Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.). 2003 April; 20(3): 293-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12848670

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IBC occlusion for hemoptysis. Author(s): Grenier P, Cornud F. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1983 April; 140(4): 833. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6601409

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Images in cardiothoracic surgery. Aortic rupture presenting with hemoptysis. Author(s): Sundt TM 3rd, Gutierrez FR. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2001 November; 72(5): 1763. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11722093

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Images in cardiovascular medicine. Life-threatening hemoptysis after the Fontan procedure. Author(s): Santoro G, Carrozza M, Cappelli Bigazzi M, Morelli C, Sessa F, Calabro R. Source: Ital Heart J. 2003 February; 4(2): 139-41. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12762279

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Imaging the airways. Hemoptysis, bronchiectasis, and small airways disease. Author(s): Tasker AD, Flower CD. Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine. 1999 December; 20(4): 761-73, Viii. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10587797

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Immediate and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis. Author(s): Mal H, Rullon I, Mellot F, Brugiere O, Sleiman C, Menu Y, Fournier M. Source: Chest. 1999 April; 115(4): 996-1001. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10208199

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Immediate operative treatment for massive hemoptysis. Author(s): McCollun WB, Mattox KL, Guinn GA, Beall AC Jr. Source: Chest. 1975 February; 67(2): 152-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1116390

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Implantable cardioverter defibrillator patch erosion presenting as hemoptysis. Author(s): Verheyden CN, Price L, Lynch DJ, Knight WL. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1994 November; 5(11): 961-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7889235

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Incidence of aspergilloma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and hemoptysis. Author(s): Halweg H, Lesniewska M, Krakowka P. Source: Pol Med J. 1970; 9(3): 645-51. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4990081

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Intentional occlusion of the right upper lobe bronchial orifice to tamponade lifethreatening hemoptysis. Author(s): Morell RC, Prielipp RC, Foreman AS, Monaco TJ, Royster RL. Source: Anesthesiology. 1995 June; 82(6): 1529-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7793668

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Internal mammary artery embolization for hemoptysis. Author(s): Hashimoto M, Heianna J, Okane K, Izumi J, Watarai J. Source: Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). 1999 March; 40(2): 187-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10080732

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Intraaneurysmal embolization of a pulmonary artery aneurysm for control of hemoptysis. Author(s): Davidoff AB, Udoff EJ, Schonfeld SA. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1984 May; 142(5): 1019-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6609551

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Intrabronchial selective coagulative treatment of hemoptysis. Report of three cases. Author(s): Bense L. Source: Chest. 1990 April; 97(4): 990-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2182305

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Intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration presenting as hemoptysis: evidence for an acquired cause. Author(s): Freeman RK, Maxwell JM. Source: Military Medicine. 1998 July; 163(7): 502-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9695620

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Intralobar sequestration causing hemoptysis and hemothorax. Author(s): Oxman LM. Source: N Y State J Med. 1974 June; 74(6): 961-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4525983

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Intrathoracic gastrogenic cysts and hemoptysis. Author(s): Chang SH, Morrison L, Shaffner L, Crowe JE. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1976 April; 88(4 Pt. 1): 594-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1255319

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Intravascular migration of fractured sternal wire presenting with hemoptysis. Author(s): Schreffler AJ, Rumisek JD. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2001 May; 71(5): 1682-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11383826

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Invasive aspergillosis with massive fatal hemoptysis in patients with neoplastic disease. Author(s): Borkin MH, Arena FP, Brown AE, Armstrong D. Source: Chest. 1980 December; 78(6): 835-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6934926

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Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as massive hemoptysis in a nonimmunocompromised host. Author(s): Athayde J, Shore ET. Source: Chest. 1993 March; 103(3): 960-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8449106

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Isolated bronchial capillary hemangioma: a rare benign cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Wigton RB, Rohatgi PK. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1979 October; 72(10): 1339-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=482999

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Isolated right ventricular outflow tract mass presenting as hemoptysis. Author(s): Uppal KM, Nuno IN, Schwartz DS, Ashton KA, Starnes VA. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2000 December; 70(6): 2158-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11156146

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Just another hemoptysis or a fluke? Author(s): Scacewater R. Source: Mo Med. 2001 November; 98(11): 515-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11732350

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Klippel-Trenauney-Weber syndrome associated with hemoptysis. Author(s): Ghosh AK, Smithson SF, Mumford A, Patteril M, Amer K. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2004 May; 77(5): 1843-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15111208

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Laryngeal hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of airway obstruction and hemoptysis. Author(s): Mohammad Y, Rostum M, Dubaybo BA. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 2002 March; 33(3): 224-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11836803

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Leech infestation as a potential cause of hemoptysis in childhood. Author(s): Ahmadizadeh A. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2002 January; 128(1): 92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11784268

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Left atrial tumor presenting with hemoptysis and pulmonary infiltrates. Author(s): Sande MA, Alonso DR, Smith JP, Hook EW. Source: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1970 August; 102(2): 258-63. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5431880

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Left thyrocervical trunk bronchial artery supplying right lung: source of recurrent hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Cohen AM, Antoun BW, Stern RC. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1992 May; 158(5): 1131-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1566680

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Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with hemoptysis. Author(s): Adkins MS, Laub GW, Pollock SB, Fernandez J, McGrath LB. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1991 March; 51(3): 476-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1998430

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Lethal hemoptysis caused by biopsy injury of an abnormal bronchial artery. Author(s): Maxeiner H. Source: Chest. 2001 May; 119(5): 1612-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11348980

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Letter: Blood clot cast following hemoptysis and resulting in atelectasis. Author(s): Skatrud J, Gilbert R, Auchincloss JH Jr. Source: Chest. 1976 January; 69(1): 131. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1244273

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Letter: Hemoptysis caused by pulmonary venous obstruction. Author(s): Bernstein J. Source: American Heart Journal. 1974 August; 88(2): 262. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4841936

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Letter: Occult hemoptysis: iatrogenic aortobronchial fistula. Author(s): Kakos GS, Kataria YP, Vasko JS. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1975 March; 110(3): 352. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1115641

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Letter: The "Territorial Domain" of hemoptysis. Author(s): Elliott RC, Smiddy JF. Source: Chest. 1974 June; 65(6): 703. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4832279

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Leukocytoclastic vasculitis and hemoptysis after treatment with aceclofenac. Author(s): Epelde F, Boada L. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 1995 November; 29(11): 1168. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8573966

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Life-threatening hemoptysis and bronchoesophageal fistula in primary tuberculosis. Author(s): Larsen RF. Source: N Y State J Med. 1984 February; 84(2): 87-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6583564

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Life-threatening hemoptysis in a child: the only symptom. Author(s): Toker A, Tanju S, Bayrak Y, Cenesiz E, Guler N, Dilege S, Kalayci G. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2004 January; 77(1): 336-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14726098

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Life-threatening hemoptysis in adults with community-acquired pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus. Author(s): Boussaud V, Parrot A, Mayaud C, Wislez M, Antoine M, Picard C, Delisle F, Etienne J, Cadranel J. Source: Intensive Care Medicine. 2003 October; 29(10): 1840-3. Epub 2003 August 02. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12904849

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Life-threatening hemoptysis in primary lung abscess. Author(s): Thoms NW, Wilson RF, Puro HE, Arbulu A. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1972 October; 14(4): 347-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5073224

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Localization of hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Ores CN, Baker DC Jr. Source: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 May; 99(5): 790-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5772062

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Long-term outcome and lung cancer incidence in patients with hemoptysis of unknown origin. Author(s): Herth F, Ernst A, Becker HD. Source: Chest. 2001 November; 120(5): 1592-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11713139

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Major hemoptysis in a child with cystic fibrosis from multiple aberrant bronchial arteries treated with tranexamic acid. Author(s): Chang AB, Ditchfield M, Robinson PJ, Robertson CF. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 1996 December; 22(6): 416-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9016477

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Management of massive hemoptysis in a thoracic surgical unit. Author(s): Endo S, Otani S, Saito N, Hasegawa T, Kanai Y, Sato Y, Sohara Y. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2003 April; 23(4): 467-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12694761

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Manifestations of hemoptysis. How to manage minor, moderate, and massive bleeding. Author(s): Johnson JL. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 2002 October; 112(4): 101-6, 108-9, 113. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12400152

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Massive hemoptysis after generalized tonic clonic seizure requiring mechanical ventilation. Author(s): Ryu JS, Cho JH, Kwak SM, Lee HL, Lee IK. Source: Yonsei Medical Journal. 2002 August; 43(4): 543-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12205746

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Massive hemoptysis and hemothorax caused by pleuropulmonary angiosarcoma. Author(s): Liu SF, Wu CC, Lai YF, Hsieh MJ. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2002 July; 20(4): 374-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12098194

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Massive hemoptysis as a manifestation of fistulized thoracic aortic aneurysms into the bronchial tree. Author(s): Julia-Serda G, Freixinet J, Abad C, Rodriguez de Castro F, Lopez L, Caminero J, Cabrera P. Source: The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 1996 August; 37(4): 417-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8698790

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Massive hemoptysis as the presenting manifestation in a child with histoplasmosis. Author(s): Shaffer JP, Barson W, Luquette M, Groner JI, Hogan MJ, Allen E. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 1997 July; 24(1): 57-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9261855

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Massive hemoptysis caused by endobronchial schwannoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis 2. Author(s): Chen SR, Chen MH, Ho DM, Lin FC, Chang SC. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2003 May; 325(5): 299-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12792252

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Massive hemoptysis caused by tracheal hemangioma treated with interventional radiology. Author(s): Zambudio AR, Calvo MJ, Lanzas JT, Medina JG, Paricio PP. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2003 April; 75(4): 1302-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12683580

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Massive hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis: control with bronchial artery embolization. Author(s): Ramakantan R, Bandekar VG, Gandhi MS, Aulakh BG, Deshmukh HL. Source: Radiology. 1996 September; 200(3): 691-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8756916

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Massive hemoptysis due to Rasmussen aneurysm: detection with helicoidal CT angiography and successful steel coil embolization. Author(s): Picard C, Parrot A, Boussaud V, Lavole A, Saidi F, Mayaud C, Carette MF. Source: Intensive Care Medicine. 2003 October; 29(10): 1837-9. Epub 2003 September 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=13680121

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Massive hemoptysis from an endobronchial metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Author(s): Nomori H, Horio H, Mimura T, Morinaga S. Source: The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. 1997 August; 45(4): 205-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9323825

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Massive hemoptysis in a child due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Author(s): Chung Y, Ahrens WR, Singh J. Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1997 May-June; 15(3): 317-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9258781

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Massive hemoptysis in a woman with seizures. Author(s): Dizon MN, Matfin G, Adelman HM. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1997 October 15; 32(10): 23-4, 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9341630

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Massive hemoptysis in pregnancy treated with bronchial artery embolization. Author(s): Downs TW, Chao CR. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1997 January; 14(1): 51-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9259897

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Massive hemoptysis requiring intensive care. Author(s): Ong TH, Eng P. Source: Intensive Care Medicine. 2003 February; 29(2): 317-20. Epub 2002 November 02. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12594593

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Massive hemoptysis successfully treated by modified bronchoscopic balloon tamponade technique. Author(s): Kato R, Sawafuji M, Kawamura M, Kikuchi K, Kobayashi K. Source: Chest. 1996 March; 109(3): 842-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8617100

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Massive hemoptysis: prediction of nonbronchial systemic arterial supply with chest CT. Author(s): Yoon W, Kim YH, Kim JK, Kim YC, Park JG, Kang HK. Source: Radiology. 2003 April; 227(1): 232-8. Epub 2003 February 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12601194

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Massive hemoptysis: what place for medical and surgical treatment. Author(s): Jougon J, Ballester M, Delcambre F, Mac Bride T, Valat P, Gomez F, Laurent F, Velly JF. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2002 September; 22(3): 345-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12204721

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Mediastinal teratoma presenting as massive hemoptysis in an adult. Author(s): Gunes S, Varon J, Walsh G. Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1997 May-June; 15(3): 313-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9258780

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Near-fatal hemoptysis and emergency surgical repair after aortic patch-plasty. Author(s): Kamler M, Tuengerthal S, Rauch H, Hagl S, Jakob H. Source: The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. 2001 October; 49(5): 310-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11605145

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Necrotizing bronchial aspergillosis as a cause of hemoptysis in sarcoidosis. Author(s): Fujimura M, Ishiura Y, Kasahara K, Amemiya T, Myou S, Hayashi Y, Watanabe Y, Takazakura E, Nonomura A, Matsuda T. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1998 January; 315(1): 56-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9427576

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New procedure: bronchoscopic endobronchial sealing; a new mode of managing hemoptysis. Author(s): Bhattacharyya P, Dutta A, Samanta AN, Chowdhury SR. Source: Chest. 2002 June; 121(6): 2066-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12065380

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Nominal hemoptysis heralds pseudoaneurysm induced by a pulmonary artery catheter. Author(s): Yellin LB, Filler JJ, Barnette RE. Source: Anesthesiology. 1991 February; 74(2): 370-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1990914

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Nonbronchial collateral supply from the hepatic arteries of a patient with hemoptysis. Author(s): Chun HJ, Yoo SS, Kim HH, Byun JY, Choi BG. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2003 February; 180(2): 523-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12540465

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Nonbronchial systemic collateral arteries: significance in percutaneous embolotherapy for hemoptysis. Author(s): Keller FS, Rosch J, Loflin TG, Nath PH, McElvein RB. Source: Radiology. 1987 September; 164(3): 687-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3615866

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Nosocomial pulmonary mucormycosis with fatal massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Passamonte PM, Dix JD. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1985 February; 289(2): 65-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3976712

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Not just another case of hemoptysis. Author(s): Leo PJ, Silber SH, Bove J. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2000 September; 18(5): 643-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10999595

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Obscure causes of hemoptysis. Author(s): Carroll D. Source: Md State Med J. 1975 October; 24(10): 87-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1177536

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Occult aspiration of a chicken wishbone as a cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Mercado JA, Rodriguez W. Source: P R Health Sci J. 1999 March; 18(1): 71-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10343990

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Occult lung cavity causing hemoptysis: recognition by computed tomography. Author(s): Kruglik GD, Wayne KS. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1980 June; 4(3): 407-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7372874

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Operative treatment of massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Gourin A, Garzon AA. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1974 July; 18(1): 52-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4834726

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Parallel technique of endobronchial balloon catheter tamponade for transient alleviation of massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Lee SM, Kim HY, Ahn Y. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2002 December; 17(6): 823-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12483009

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Pathogenesis, evaluation, and therapy for massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Thompson AB, Teschler H, Rennard SI. Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine. 1992 March; 13(1): 69-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1582150

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Pathologic quiz case: a 20-year-old man with a history of hemoptysis and purpura. Author(s): Doudenko-Pirozzolo I, Booth R. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2001 June; 125(6): 835-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11371246

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Percutaneous embolotherapy for life-threatening hemoptysis. Author(s): Wong ML, Szkup P, Hopley MJ. Source: Chest. 2002 January; 121(1): 95-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11796437

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Photo quiz. Hemoptysis in a 65-year-old man. Author(s): De Groot AM. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2001 October 15; 33(8): 1379, 1427-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11669067

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Physiological exclusion for massive hemoptysis: when? Author(s): Metin M, Toker A, Sayar A, Gurses A. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2001 November; 20(5): 1065-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11675211

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Pneumococcal abscess manifesting as an anterior mediastinal mass and fatal hemoptysis. Author(s): Marinella MA. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1999 December; 92(12): 1210-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10624917

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Rare cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Mascarenhas DA, Vasudevan VP, Vaidya KP. Source: Chest. 1991 January; 99(1): 251-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1984969

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Pneumonectomy for unremitting hemoptysis in unilateral absence of pulmonary artery. Author(s): Bekoe S, Pellegrini RV, DiMarco RF Jr, Grant KJ, Woelfel GF. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1993 June; 55(6): 1553-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8512411

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Positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis presenting with hemoptysis and a mediastinal mass. Author(s): Fidder HH, Apter S, Langevitz P, Aviel-Ronen S, Bank I, Livneh A. Source: Chest. 1999 May; 115(5): 1473-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10334178

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Prognosis of bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis. Author(s): Osaki S, Nakanishi Y, Wataya H, Takayama K, Inoue K, Takaki Y, Murayama S, Hara N. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2000; 67(4): 412-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10940796

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Progressive dyspnea, pleurisy, and hemoptysis of three weeks' duration in a 48-yearold woman. Author(s): Multz AS, Dantzker DR. Source: Chest. 1994 May; 105(5): 1557-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8181352

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Prompt surgery for massive hemoptysis: more acceptable than it was reported. Author(s): Metin M, Turna A, Sayar A, Gurses A. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2003 April; 23(4): 647; Author Reply 648. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12694795

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Proximal left subclavian artery aneurysm presenting hemoptysis, hoarseness, and diplopia: repair through partial cardiopulmonary bypass and perfusion of the left common carotid artery. Author(s): Takagi H, Mori Y, Umeda Y, Fukumoto Y, Yoshida K, Shimokawa K, Hirose H. Source: Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2003 July; 17(4): 461-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14670028

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Pryce's type I pulmonary intralobar sequestration presenting with massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Miller EJ, Singh SP, Cerfolio RJ, Schmidt F, Eltoum IE. Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology. 2001 April; 5(2): 91-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11294994

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Pulmonary angiography and embolization for severe hemoptysis due to cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Author(s): Sanyika C, Corr P, Royston D, Blyth DF. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 1999 November-December; 22(6): 457-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10556403

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Pulmonary mucormycosis with fatal massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Harada M, Manabe T, Yamashita K, Okamoto N. Source: Acta Pathol Jpn. 1992 January; 42(1): 49-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1557988

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Pulmonary resection for massive hemoptysis of benign etiology. Author(s): Ayed A. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2003 November; 24(5): 689-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14583299

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Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease and hemoptysis in a child with tetralogy of Fallot and patent ductus arteriosus. Author(s): Liang CD, Huang SC, Su WJ. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1997 February; 96(2): 121-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9071838

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Pulmonary venous obstruction requiring lobectomy for hemoptysis after a Glenn operation. Author(s): Matsuyama K, Matsumoto M, Ogino H, Sugita T, Yoshimura S, Matsumura M. Source: Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 October; 49(10): 629-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11692591

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Radiologic case. Lung mass and hemoptysis in a patient with tuberculosis. Author(s): Padmanabhan K, Dhar SR, Yeo K. Source: The Western Journal of Medicine. 1991 August; 155(2): 181-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1926856

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Radionuclide detection of the site of hemoptysis. Author(s): Coel MN, Druger G. Source: Chest. 1982 February; 81(2): 242-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7056090

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Recurrent bleeding after arterial embolization in patients with hemoptysis. Author(s): Katoh O, Kishikawa T, Yamada H, Matsumoto S, Kudo S. Source: Chest. 1990 March; 97(3): 541-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2306957

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Recurrent cryptogenic hemoptysis associated with bronchial artery-pulmonary artery anastomoses and cystic lung disease. Author(s): Panos RJ, Kumpe DA, Samara N, Petty TL. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1989 December; 87(6): 683-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2589404

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Recurrent hemoptysis due to aortobronchopulmonary fistula of false aortic aneurysm associated with repair of rupture of the sinus of Valsalva. Author(s): Ishida A, Sakai K, Ajioka M, Hiramatsu T, Nakashima Y, Hoshino M, Asakura T. Source: Intern Med. 1992 August; 31(8): 1043-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1477464

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Recurrent hemoptysis following a systemic-to-pulmonary anastomosis in a child with a complex congenital cardiomyopathy. Author(s): Diaz-Jimenez JP, Rodriguez AN, Andres MA. Source: Chest. 2000 September; 118(3): 865-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10988218

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Recurrent hemoptysis in a young male. Author(s): Mohan A, Sharma SK, Guleria R, Pande JN, Gupta SD. Source: Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1997 January-March; 39(1): 47-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9100409

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Recurrent hemoptysis in tuberculosis with non-cavitary lung disease as a symptom of mild hemophilia A in a young adult. Author(s): Matsumoto H, Suzuki K, Watanabe I, Kimoto T, Tsuyuguchi K, Niimi A, Tanaka E, Murayama T, Amitani R. Source: Intern Med. 2000 January; 39(1): 63-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10674852

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Recurrent hemoptysis, chest pain, and purulent sputum in a young man. Author(s): Sexauer WP, Criner GJ. Source: Chest. 1992 May; 101(5): 1427-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1582311

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Repeat fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with recurrent, unexplained hemoptysis. Author(s): Gong H Jr. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 1983 May-June; 44(3): 225-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6857006

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Reversibility of complete unperfusion in a patient with recurrent hemoptysis. Author(s): Baldi S, Palla A, Petruzzelli S, Giuntini C. Source: J Nucl Biol Med. 1991 January-March; 35(1): 10-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1932170

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Right hilar mass and hemoptysis. Author(s): Khokhar N. Source: Hosp Pract. 1979 May; 14(5): 88, 90, 94. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=478505

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Risk factors for massive hemoptysis after endobronchial brachytherapy in patients with tracheobronchial malignancies. Author(s): Hara R, Itami J, Aruga T, Kozuka T, Nakajima K, Yamashita H, Uno T, Morita T, Itoh H, Nomura T. Source: Cancer. 2001 November 15; 92(10): 2623-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11745197

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Roentgenogram of the month. Hemoptysis and chest mass related to pregnancy. Author(s): Wood T, Meltzer D, Carroll E. Source: Chest. 1979 January; 75(1): 67-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=421527

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Role of bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis. Author(s): Fernando HC, Stein M, Benfield JR, Link DP. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1998 August; 133(8): 862-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9711960

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Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Karmy-Jones R, Cuschieri J, Vallieres E. Source: Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2001 November; 11(4): 873-906. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11780301

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Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Dweik RA, Stoller JK. Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine. 1999 March; 20(1): 89-105. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10205720

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Role of computed tomography in patients with hemoptysis and a normal chest skiagram. Author(s): Magu S, Malhotra R, Gupta KB, Mishra DS. Source: Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2000 April-June; 42(2): 101-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10916274

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Role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis and a normal chest roentgenogram. Author(s): Jackson CV, Savage PJ, Quinn DL. Source: Chest. 1985 February; 87(2): 142-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3967521

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Role of physiological lung exclusion in difficult lung resections for massive hemoptysis and other problems. Author(s): Dhaliwal RS, Saxena P, Puri D, Sidhu KS. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2001 July; 20(1): 25-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11423269

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Salvage lung resection for massive hemoptysis after resolution of pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with acute leukemia. Author(s): Venuta F, Rendina EA, Pescarmona E, Francioni F, Fazi P, Spadea A, Ricci C. Source: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal : Scj. 1997; 31(1): 51-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9171149

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SCVIR 2002 film panel case 8: hemoptysis caused by a pulmonary venous aneurysm. Author(s): Arumugham A, Blom PH, McLean GK. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 2002 June; 13(6): 651-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12050310

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Seasonal variation in cryptogenic and noncryptogenic hemoptysis hospitalizations in France. Author(s): Boulay F, Berthier F, Sisteron O, Gendreike Y, Blaive B. Source: Chest. 2000 August; 118(2): 440-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10936138

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Selection of patients with hemoptysis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Author(s): Harber P. Source: Chest. 1980 May; 77(5): 710-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7363702

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Selection of patients with hemoptysis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Author(s): Cole FH, Cole FH Jr. Source: Chest. 1980 May; 77(5): 710. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7363701

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Severe hemoptysis 6 years after coronary artery bypass grafting. Author(s): Gypen BJ, Poniewierski J, Rouhanimanesh Y, Dieudonne T, Van Mulders AP, d'Archambeau OC, Van Schil PE. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2003 March; 75(3): 999-1001. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12645732

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Severe hemoptysis associated with pulmonary aspergilloma. Percutaneous intracavitary treatment. Author(s): Shapiro MJ, Albelda SM, Mayock RL, McLean GK. Source: Chest. 1988 December; 94(6): 1225-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3191764

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Severe hemoptysis requiring lobectomy in an 11-year-old patient with Kartagener's syndrome. Author(s): Schwarzenberg H, Elfeldt RJ, Schluter E, Link J, Heller M. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1997 September; 64(3): 852-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9307494

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Significance of hemoptysis following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Chang YC, Patz EF Jr, Goodman PC, Granger CB. Source: Chest. 1996 March; 109(3): 727-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8617083

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Small amounts of hemoptysis as an early warning sign of pulmonary artery rupture by a pulmonary arterial catheter. Author(s): Rosenbaum L, Rosenbaum SH, Askanazi J, Hyman AI. Source: Critical Care Medicine. 1981 April; 9(4): 319-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7214941

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Successful treatment of catamenial hemoptysis with danazol. Author(s): Rosenberg SM, Riddick DH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1981 January; 57(1): 130-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7454171

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Successful treatment of massive hemoptysis in acute leukemia with recombinant factor VIIa. Author(s): Meijer K, de Graaff WE, Daenen SM, van der Meer J. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000 July 24; 160(14): 2216-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10904466

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Superselective bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis with a coaxial microcatheter system. Author(s): Tanaka N, Yamakado K, Murashima S, Takeda K, Matsumura K, Nakagawa T, Takano K, Ono M, Hattori T. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 1997 January-February; 8(1 Pt 1): 65-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9025041

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Surgical treatment of hemoptysis. Author(s): Benfield JR. Source: The Western Journal of Medicine. 1991 October; 155(4): 407-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1771884

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Suspects association of oil heaters, hemoptysis. Author(s): Coffey EL. Source: Va Med. 1981 May; 108(5): 289. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7257546

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Swan-Ganz catheter-induced massive hemoptysis and pulmonary artery false aneurysm. Author(s): Feng WC, Singh AK, Drew T, Donat W. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1990 October; 50(4): 644-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2222056

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Synchronized independent lung ventilation in the management of a unilateral pulmonary contusion with massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Miller RS, Nelson LD, Rutherford EJ, Morris JA Jr. Source: J Tenn Med Assoc. 1992 August; 85(8): 374-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1507884

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Syphilitic aneurysm of the right subclavian artery presenting with hemoptysis. Author(s): Boundy K, Bignold LP. Source: Aust N Z J Med. 1987 October; 17(5): 533-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3446166

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Systemic arterial supply to the lung without sequestration: an unusual cause of hemoptysis. Author(s): Matzinger FR, Bhargava R, Peterson RA, Shamji FM, Perkins DG. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1994 February; 45(1): 44-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8118714

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Systemic-pulmonary shunting and hemoptysis in a benign intrathoracic teratoma. Author(s): Hayden CK Jr, Swischuk LE, Schwartz MZ, Davis M. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1984; 14(1): 52-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6694862

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The causes of hemoptysis revisited. A review of the etiologies of hemoptysis between 1986 and 1995. Author(s): Reisz G, Stevens D, Boutwell C, Nair V. Source: Mo Med. 1997 October; 94(10): 633-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9351327

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The causes of massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Salajka F. Source: Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2001 October; 56(5): 390-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11887495

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The factors related to recurrence after transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of hemoptysis. Author(s): Kim KJ, Yoo JH, Sung NC, Won HS, Yoou KH, Kang HM. Source: Korean J Intern Med. 1997 January; 12(1): 45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9159037

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The role of surgery in hemoptysis caused by thoracic actinomycosis; a forgotten disease. Author(s): Lu MS, Liu HP, Yeh CH, Wu YC, Liu YH, Hsieh MJ, Chen TP. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2003 November; 24(5): 694-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14583300

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The use of a Swan-Ganz catheter and streptokinase in the management of massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Nakao MA. Source: N Y State J Med. 1990 May; 90(5): 270-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2190127

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Therapeutic embolization of bronchial artery: a successful treatment in 209 cases of relapse hemoptysis. Author(s): Cremaschi P, Nascimbene C, Vitulo P, Catanese C, Rota L, Barazzoni GC, Cornalba GP. Source: Angiology. 1993 April; 44(4): 295-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8457080

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Thoracic splenosis presenting with hemoptysis. Author(s): Cordier JF, Gamondes JP, Marx P, Heinen I, Loire R. Source: Chest. 1992 August; 102(2): 626-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1643960

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Tracheal lobular capillary hemangioma: a rare cause of recurrent hemoptysis. Author(s): Irani S, Brack T, Pfaltz M, Russi EW. Source: Chest. 2003 June; 123(6): 2148-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12796203

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Tranexamic acid in patients with hemoptysis. Author(s): Tscheikuna J, Chvaychoo B, Naruman C, Maranetra N. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2002 April; 85(4): 399-404. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12118485

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Transcatheter bronchial artery embolization in the multimodality management of massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Metzdorff MT, Vogelzang RL, LoCicero J 3rd, Otto R. Source: Chest. 1990 June; 97(6): 1494-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2347242

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Transcatheter indigeneous coil embolization in recurrent massive hemoptysis secondary to post-tubercular bronchiectasis. Author(s): Sharma S, Kothari SS, Bhargava AD, Dey J, Wali JP, Wasir HS. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1995 February; 43(2): 127-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9282678

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Traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformation presenting with massive hemoptysis 30 years after penetrating chest injury. Author(s): Manganas C, Iliopoulos J, Pang L, Grant PW. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2003 September; 76(3): 942-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12963241

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Treatment of hemoptysis in Behcet syndrome with pulmonary and bronchial embolization. Author(s): Lacombe P, Qanadli SD, Jondeau G, Barre O, Mesurolle B, Mouas H, Igual J, Chagnon S, Dubourg O, Bourdarias JP. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 1997 NovemberDecember; 8(6): 1043-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9399476

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Treatment of hemoptysis in patients with cavitary aspergilloma of the lung: value of percutaneous instillation of amphotericin B. Author(s): Lee KS, Kim HT, Kim YH, Choe KO. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1993 October; 161(4): 727-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8372746

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Treatment of massive hemoptysis with intraarterial thrombin injection of a bronchial artery. Author(s): Vrachliotis T, Sheiman RG. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2002 July; 179(1): 113-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12076916

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Treatment of recurrent hemoptysis in a child with cystic fibrosis by repeated bronchial artery embolizations and long-term tranexamic acid. Author(s): Wong LT, Lillquist YP, Culham G, DeJong BP, Davidson AG. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 1996 October; 22(4): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8905889

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Treatment of recurrent severe hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis with tranexamic acid. Author(s): Graff GR. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2001; 68(1): 91-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11223738

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Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis following bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis. Author(s): Chapman SA, Holmes MD, Taylor DJ. Source: Chest. 2000 July; 118(1): 269-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10893396

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Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis presenting with hemoptysis: treatment by embolization of systemic collaterals. Author(s): Rene M, Sans J, Dominguez J, Sancho C, Valldeperas J. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 1995 July-August; 18(4): 251-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8581907

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Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis with presentation of hemoptysis: a case report. Author(s): Lin YM, Liang KW, Ting CT. Source: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1999 September; 62(9): 644-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10502857

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Unusual cause of hemoptysis. Hickman-induced cava-bronchial fistula. Author(s): Winkler TR, Hanlin RJ, Hinke TD, Clouse LH, Kryda MJ, Hathaway BN. Source: Chest. 1992 October; 102(4): 1285-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1395787

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Unusual presentation of hemoptysis in a 78-year-old with previous Nissen fundoplication. Author(s): Bavry AA, Solorzano CC, Hocking MP. Source: The American Surgeon. 1998 December; 64(12): 1223-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9843351

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Use of endoscopic fibrinogen-thrombin in the treatment of severe hemoptysis. Author(s): de Gracia J, de la Rosa D, Catalan E, Alvarez A, Bravo C, Morell F. Source: Respiratory Medicine. 2003 July; 97(7): 790-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12854628

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Use of intracavitary amphotericin B in a patient with aspergilloma and recurrent hemoptysis. Author(s): Cochrane LJ, Morano JU, Norman JR, Mansel JK. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1991 May; 90(5): 654-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2029026

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Utility of angiograms in patients with catamenial hemoptysis. Author(s): Katoh O, Yamada H, Aoki Y, Matsumoto S, Kudo S. Source: Chest. 1990 November; 98(5): 1296-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2225989

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Utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy before bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis. Author(s): Hsiao EI, Kirsch CM, Kagawa FT, Wehner JH, Jensen WA, Baxter RB. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2001 October; 177(4): 861-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11566690

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Utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis and a nonlocalizing chest roentgenogram. Author(s): Poe RH, Israel RH, Marin MG, Ortiz CR, Dale RC, Wahl GW, Kallay MC, Greenblatt DG. Source: Chest. 1988 January; 93(1): 70-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3335170

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Value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and angiography for diagnosis of the bleeding site in hemoptysis. Author(s): Saumench J, Escarrabill J, Padro L, Montana J, Clariana A, Canto A. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1989 August; 48(2): 272-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2764618

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Varicosities of the valleculae: an unusual cause of hemoptysis? Author(s): Booton R, Jacob BK. Source: Chest. 2002 January; 121(1): 291-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11796468

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Ventriculo-bronchial fistula: a rare cause of intermittent massive hemoptysis. Author(s): O'Donnell A, Tsou E, Katz N. Source: The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 1989 May-June; 30(3): 378-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2745522

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Very early onset of acute amiodarone pulmonary toxicity presenting with hemoptysis. Author(s): Goldstein I, Topilsky M, Segev D, Isakov A, Heller I. Source: Chest. 1997 May; 111(5): 1446-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9149610

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Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for catamenial hemoptysis. Author(s): Inoue T, Kurokawa Y, Kaiwa Y, Abo M, Takayama T, Ansai M, Satomi S. Source: Chest. 2001 August; 120(2): 655-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11502673

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Viral pneumonia and hemoptysis. Author(s): Bond D, Vyas H. Source: Critical Care Medicine. 2001 October; 29(10): 2040-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11588490

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Weight loss, hemoptysis, diffuse alveolar infiltrates and hemorrhagic cerebral lesions in a 57-year-old man. Author(s): Lawlor DP, Hyers TM. Source: Chest. 1993 May; 103(5): 1579-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8486047

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When does bronchial arterial embolization fail to control hemoptysis? Author(s): Nath H. Source: Chest. 1990 March; 97(3): 515-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2306951

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When not to use the bronchoscope for hemoptysis. Author(s): Snider GL. Source: Chest. 1979 July; 76(1): 1-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=446157

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND HEMOPTYSIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and hemoptysis.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Hemoptysis The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “hemoptysis” (or a synonym): •

380 cases of bronchiectasis with hemoptysis treated by point-injection. Author(s): Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou. Source: Wang, W Xuan, L Fu, J J-Tradit-Chin-Med. 1999 June; 19(2): 105-7 0254-6272

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Catamenial hemoptysis treated with a long-acting GnRH agonist. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University, Japan. Source: Matsubara, K Ochi, H Ito, M Int-J-Gynaecol-Obstet. 1998 March; 60(3): 289-90 0020-7292

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Clinical research on acute hemoptysis treated with kexue ning. Author(s): Institute of Emergency of TCM, Hubei College of TCM, Wuhan. Source: Liu, Y Tu, J Chen, K Hong, X Dong, M Li, J Xiong, J Ba, Y Huang, Z J-TraditChin-Med. 1996 September; 16(3): 172-5 0254-6272

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Hidden foreign body as a cause of recurrent hemoptysis in a teenage girl. Author(s): Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Uxbridge, Middlesex, England. Source: Pattison, C W Leaming, A J Townsend, E R Ann-Thorac-Surg. 1988 March; 45(3): 330-1 0003-4975

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Observations on electro-acupuncture treatment of hemoptysis in pulmonary diseases. Source: Meng, X Y J-Tradit-Chin-Med. 1987 March; 7(1): 4-8 0254-6272

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND HEMOPTYSIS Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to hemoptysis. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to hemoptysis and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to hemoptysis: •

380 cases of bronchiectasis with hemoptysis treated by point-injection. Author(s): Wang W, Xuan L, Fu J. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1999 June; 19(2): 105-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10681865

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A case for complementary modalities. Author(s): Johansen L. Source: Can Nurse. 1999 November; 95(10): 47-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11140042

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A randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). II: Quality of life. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. Author(s): Bleehen NM, Girling DJ, Machin D, Stephens RJ.

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Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1993 December; 68(6): 1157-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7505104 •

An out-patient second-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A phase II study of the Hellenic co-operative Oncology Group. Author(s): Pectasides D, Kalofonos HP, Samantas E, Nicolaides C, Papacostas P, Onyenadum A, Visvikis A, Skarlos D, Fountzilas G. Source: Anticancer Res. 2001 July-August; 21(4B): 3005-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11712802

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Analysis of messy longitudinal data from a randomized clinical trial. MRC Lung Cancer Working Party. Author(s): Qian W, Parmar MK, Sambrook RJ, Fayers PM, Girling DJ, Stephens RJ. Source: Statistics in Medicine. 2000 October 15; 19(19): 2657-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10986540

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Anhydrous ammonia burns case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Amshel CE, Fealk MH, Phillips BJ, Caruso DM. Source: Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2000 August; 26(5): 493-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10812276

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Basaloid large cell lung carcinoma presenting concurrently with metastatic uveal tumor. Author(s): Hasturk S, Soylu M, Zeren EH, Hanta I. Source: Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2001 April; 32(1): 95-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11282434

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Changes of heart: the role of love and will in illness and wellness: Part 3. Author(s): Pettitt GA. Source: N Z Med J. 1988 September 14; 101(853): 573-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3419686

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Cisplatin plus oral etoposide in the treatment of patients with advanced small cell lung cancer. Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Author(s): Asamoto H, Kawahara M, Iwami F, Kuba M, Furuse K, Tamura T, Saijo N, Shimoyama M. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1998 December; 28(12): 745-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9879292

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Clinical research on acute hemoptysis treated with kexue ning. Author(s): Liu Y, Tu J, Chen K, Hong X, Dong M, Li J, Xiong J, Ba Y, Huang Z.

Alternative Medicine 55

Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1996 September; 16(3): 172-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9389113 •

Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Author(s): Osoba D, Rusthoven JJ, Turnbull KA, Evans WK, Shepherd FA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1985 November; 3(11): 1478-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2414409

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Combination chemotherapy with docetaxel, vinorelbine and cisplatin as first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter phase II study of the Greek Cooperative Group for Lung Cancer. Author(s): Georgoulias V, Androulakis N, Bouros D, Kouroussis C, Chatzakis K, Papadakis M, Apostopoloulou F, Georgopoulou T, Kotsakis T, Souklakos J, Hatzidaki D, Vlachonikolis J, Panagos G. Source: Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 1998 September; 21(3): 213-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9857999

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Converting the “threat” into a “challenge”: a case of stress-related hemoptysis managed with hypnosis. Author(s): Palan BM, Lakhani JD. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1991 April; 33(4): 241-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2024616

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Cystic fibrosis and the role of the physical therapist in its management. Author(s): Tecklin JS, Holsclaw DS. Source: Physical Therapy. 1973 April; 53(4): 386-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4693291

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Dose-finding study of paclitaxel (Taxol) plus cisplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Author(s): Klastersky J, Sculier JP. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1994 October; 21(5 Suppl 8): 39-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7939762

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Hydrocarbon poisonings. Author(s): Klein BL, Simon JE. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1986 April; 33(2): 411-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2870464

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Influence of cisplatin-use, age, performance status and duration of chemotherapy on symptom control in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: detailed symptom analysis

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of a randomised study comparing cisplatin-vindesine to gemcitabine. Author(s): Vansteenkiste J, Vandebroek J, Nackaerts K, Dooms C, Galdermans D, Bosquee L, Delobbe A, Deschepper K, Van Kerckhoven W, Vandeurzen K, Deman R, D'Odemont JP, Siemons L, Van den Brande P, Dams N; Leuven Lung Cancer Group. Source: Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2003 May; 40(2): 191-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12711121 •

Irinotecan and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, previously treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A phase II study. Author(s): Pectasides D, Mylonakis N, Farmakis D, Nikolaou M, Koumpou M, Katselis I, Gaglia A, Kostopoulou V, Karabelis A, Kosmas C. Source: Anticancer Res. 2003 September-October; 23(5B): 4205-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14666626

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Irinotecan and vinorelbine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. A phase II study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Author(s): Pectasides D, Fountzilas G, Rigopoulos A, Bountouroglou NG, Koutras A, Glotsos J, Onyenadum A, Makatsoris T, Kalofonos HP. Source: Anticancer Res. 2002 November-December; 22(6B): 3501-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12552946

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Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk associated with pericardial effusion. Author(s): Thijs LG, Kroon TA, van Leeuwen TM. Source: Thorax. 1974 July; 29(4): 490-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4277552

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Multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms in Behcet's disease: clinical and radiologic remission after cyclophosphamide and corticosteroid therapy. Author(s): Aktogu S, Erer OF, Urpek G, Soy O, Tibet G. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2002; 69(2): 178-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11961435

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Observations on electro-acupuncture treatment of hemoptysis in pulmonary diseases. Author(s): Meng XY. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1987 March; 7(1): 4-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3497314

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Outpatient treatment with epirubicin and oral etoposide in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Author(s): Gogas H, Lofts FJ, Evans TR, Millard FJ, Wilson R, Mansi JL.


Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1997; 76(5): 639-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9303364 •

Oxygen lung toxicity after hyperbaric oxygenation for acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Pifarre R, Balis JU, Raghunath TK, Vanecko RM, Neville WE. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1970 October; 10(4): 300-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5458244

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Phase II study of area under the plasma-concentration-versus-time curve-based carboplatin plus standard-dose intravenous etoposide in elderly patients with smallcell lung cancer. Author(s): Okamoto H, Watanabe K, Nishiwaki Y, Mori K, Kurita Y, Hayashi I, Masutani M, Nakata K, Tsuchiya S, Isobe H, Saijo N. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 November; 17(11): 3540-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10550152

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Phase II study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: long-term follow-up results. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Protocol 8902. Author(s): Kubota K, Tamura T, Fukuoka M, Furuse K, Ikegami H, Ariyoshi Y, Kurita Y, Saijo N. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 April; 11(4): 445-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10847464

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Photodynamic therapy enhanced by hyperbaric oxygen in acute endoluminal palliation of malignant bronchial stenosis (clinical pilot study in 40 patients). Author(s): Tomaselli F, Maier A, Pinter H, Stranzl H, Smolle-Juttner FM. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2001 May; 19(5): 549-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11343929

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Physiotherapy for adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Gaskell D. Source: Physiotherapy. 1975 August 10; 61(8): 250-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1161868

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Physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Prasad SA, Tannenbaum EL, Mikelsons C. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2000; 93 Suppl 38: 27-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10911816

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Randomized phase II trial comparing bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Author(s): Johnson DH, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny WF, Herbst RS, Nemunaitis JJ, Jablons DM, Langer CJ, DeVore RF 3rd, Gaudreault J, Damico LA, Holmgren E, Kabbinavar F. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2004 June 1; 22(11): 2184-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15169807

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Reversal of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following VP16-213 combination therapy in a patient with metastatic teratoma of the testis. Author(s): Rubery ED. Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 1982; 7(2-3): 219-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6177438

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Roentgenographically occult small-cell lung cancer: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Sekine I, Sasaki Y, Noguchi M, Ono R, Saijo N. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1996 May; 71(5): 481-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8628029

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Systemic endotheliomatosis: a case report. Author(s): Madara J, Shane J, Scarlato M. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1975 June; 28(6): 476-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1141448

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The many faces of pulmonary aspergillosis. Author(s): Tenholder MF. Source: Primary Care. 1985 June; 12(2): 353-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3892565

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The use of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer. Provincial Lung Cancer Disease Site Group. Provincial Systemic Treatment Disease Site Group. Author(s): Evans WK, Kocha W, Gagliardi A, Eady A, Newman TE. Source: Cancer Prev Control. 1999 February; 3(1): 84-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10474757

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/


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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to hemoptysis; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Hemoptysis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

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Chinese Medicine Baihe Alternative names: ily Bulb; Baihe (Bai He); Bulbus Lili Source: Chinese Materia Medica Baihe Gujin Wan Alternative names: Baihe Gujin Pills Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Baiji Alternative names: Common Bletilla Tuber; Rhizoma Bletillae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Beishashen Alternative names: Coastal Glehnia Root; Radix Glehniae Source: Chinese Materia Medica

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Chuanbeimu Alternative names: endrilleaf Fritillary Bulb; Chuanbeimu (Chuan Bei Mu); Buibus Fritiliariae Cirrhosa Source: Chinese Materia Medica Colla Corii Asini Alternative names: Donkey-hide Glue; Colla Corii Asini Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Dabuyin Wan Alternative names: Dabuyin Pills Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Digupi Alternative names: Chinese Wolfberry Root-bark; Cortex Lycii Source: Chinese Materia Medica Dijincao Alternative names: Creeping Euphorbia; Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Dongchongxiacao Alternative names: Chinese Caterpillar Fungus; Cordyceps Source: Chinese Materia Medica Erdong Gao Alternative names: rdong Concentrated Decoction; Erdong Gao (Er Dong Gao Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Gejie Alternative names: Tokay Gecko; Gecko Source: Chinese Materia Medica Geqiao Alternative names: Clam Shell; Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Gouguye Alternative names: Chinese Holly Leaf; Folium Ilicis Cornutae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Hamayou Alternative names: Forest Frog's Oviduct; Oviductus Ranae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Huaruishi Alternative names: Ophicalcite; Ophicalcitum Source: Chinese Materia Medica


Kuandonghua Alternative names: Common Coltsfoot Flower; Flos Farfarae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Lianzi Alternative names: Szechwan Chinaberry Fruit; Chuanlianzi; Fructus Toosendan Source: Chinese Materia Medica Lianzixin Alternative names: Lotus Plumule; Plumula Nelumbinis Source: Chinese Materia Medica Madouling Alternative names: Dutohmanspipe Fruit; Fructus Aristolochiae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Maiwei Dihuang Wan Alternative names: Maiwei Dihuang Pills Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Mayou Alternative names: Castor Oil; Bimayou; Oleum Ricini Source: Chinese Materia Medica Oujie Alternative names: Lotus Rhizome Node; Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Source: Chinese Materia Medica Pingbeimu Alternative names: ssuri Fritillary Bulb; Pingbeimu (Ping Bei Mu); Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensi Source: Chinese Materia Medica Puhuang Alternative names: Cattail Pollen; Pollen Typhae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Qingdai Alternative names: Natural Indigo; Indigo Naturalis Source: Chinese Materia Medica Sanqi Alternative names: Sanchi; Radix Notoginseng Source: Chinese Materia Medica Xianhecao Alternative names: Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb; Herba Agrimoniae Source: Chinese Materia Medica

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Zhizi Alternative names: Cape Jasmine Fruit; Fructus Gardeniae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Zhujieshen Alternative names: Japanese Ginseng; Rhizoma Panacis Japonici Source: Chinese Materia Medica Zhuzishen Alternative names: Largeleaf Japanese Ginseng Rhizome; Rhizoma Panacis Majoris Source: Chinese Materia Medica Ziwan Alternative names: Tatarian Aster Root; Radix Asteris Source: Chinese Materia Medica

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON HEMOPTYSIS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to hemoptysis. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on hemoptysis include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:8

8

In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

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Medical dissertations on hemoptysis or the spitting of blood, and on suppuration, which obtained the Boylston premiums for the years 1818 & 1820. Author: Ware, John, 1795-1864; Year: 1820

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CHAPTER 5. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON HEMOPTYSIS Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover hemoptysis.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on hemoptysis is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to hemoptysis. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “hemoptysis” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for hemoptysis: •

Argon plasma coagulation shows promise for hemoptysis and airway obstruction Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: April 04, 2001

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “hemoptysis” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to hemoptysis, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “hemoptysis” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Hemoptysis Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to hemoptysis. In addition to

Periodicals and News

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these sources, you can search for articles covering hemoptysis that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute9: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

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National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

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National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

9

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.10 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:11 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

10

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 11 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway12 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.13 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 5801 32 139 35 133 6140

HSTAT14 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.15 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.16 Simply search by “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

12

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

13

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 14 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 15 16

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists17 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.18 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.19 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

17 Adapted 18

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 19 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on hemoptysis can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to hemoptysis. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to hemoptysis. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “hemoptysis”:

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Blood and Blood Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bloodandblooddisorders.html Bruises http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bruises.html Congenital Heart Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/congenitalheartdisease.html Heart Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heartdiseases.html Infant and Newborn Care http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infantandnewborncare.html Infant and Toddler Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infantandtoddlerhealth.html Plague http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/plague.html Smokeless Tobacco http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/smokelesstobacco.html Smoking and Youth http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/smokingandyouth.html Wegener's Granulomatosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/wegenersgranulomatosis.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to hemoptysis. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html.

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Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •


•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to hemoptysis. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with hemoptysis. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about hemoptysis. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “hemoptysis” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received

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your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “hemoptysis”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “hemoptysis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “hemoptysis” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

81

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.20

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

20

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)21: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

21

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

83

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

87

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

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On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

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Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

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Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

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MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

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Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

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Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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HEMOPTYSIS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abducens: A striated, extrinsic muscle of the eyeball that originates from the annulus of Zinn. [NIH] Abducens Nerve: The 6th cranial nerve. The abducens nerve originates in the abducens nucleus of the pons and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the eye. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control. [NIH] Abducens Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and esotropia. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; ischemia; and infratentorial neoplasms. [NIH] Aberrant: Wandering or deviating from the usual or normal course. [EU] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Acoustic: Having to do with sound or hearing. [NIH] Actinomycosis: Infections with bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. [NIH] Acute leukemia: A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow). [NIH]

Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adhesions: Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adrenal Glands: Paired glands situated in the retroperitoneal tissues at the superior pole of each kidney. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU]

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Agenesis: Lack of complete or normal development; congenital absence of an organ or part. [NIH]

Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Airway: A device for securing unobstructed passage of air into and out of the lungs during general anesthesia. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaline: Having the reactions of an alkali. [EU] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Amiodarone: An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. [NIH] Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. [NIH] Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Amyloidosis: A group of diseases in which protein is deposited in specific organs (localized amyloidosis) or throughout the body (systemic amyloidosis). Amyloidosis may be either primary (with no known cause) or secondary (caused by another disease, including some types of cancer). Generally, primary amyloidosis affects the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, and liver; secondary amyloidosis often affects the spleen, kidneys, liver, and adrenal glands. [NIH] Anastomosis: A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Androgenic: Producing masculine characteristics. [EU] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In

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addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Aneurysm: A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart. [NIH] Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium. [NIH] Angiosarcoma: A type of cancer that begins in the lining of blood vessels. [NIH] Anthracycline: A member of a family of anticancer drugs that are also antibiotics. [NIH] Antiallergic: Counteracting allergy or allergic conditions. [EU] Antianginal: Counteracting angina or anginal conditions. [EU] Antiarrhythmic: An agent that prevents or alleviates cardiac arrhythmia. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH] Aortic Aneurysm: Aneurysm of the aorta. [NIH] Aortography: Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures. [NIH] Approximate: Approximal [EU] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arterial embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot of foreign material. This can be

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done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arteriography: A procedure to x-ray arteries. The arteries can be seen because of an injection of a dye that outlines the vessels on an x-ray. [NIH] Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Arteriosus: Circle composed of anastomosing arteries derived from two long posterior ciliary and seven anterior ciliary arteries, located in the ciliary body about the root of the iris. [NIH]

Arteriovenous: Both arterial and venous; pertaining to or affecting an artery and a vein. [EU] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. [NIH] Aspergillosis: Infections with fungi of the genus Aspergillus. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Atelectasis: Incomplete expansion of the lung. [NIH] Atmospheric Pressure: The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Atrial Fibrillation: Disorder of cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, irregular atrial impulses and ineffective atrial contractions. [NIH] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Atypical: Irregular; not conformable to the type; in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. [EU] Autosuggestion: Suggestion coming from the subject himself. [NIH] Axillary: Pertaining to the armpit area, including the lymph nodes that are located there. [NIH]

Axillary Vein: The venous trunk of the upper limb; a continuation of the basilar and brachial veins running from the lower border of the teres major muscle to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the subclavian vein. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Basement Membrane: Ubiquitous supportive tissue adjacent to epithelium and around smooth and striated muscle cells. This tissue contains intrinsic macromolecular components such as collagen, laminin, and sulfated proteoglycans. As seen by light microscopy one of its subdivisions is the basal (basement) lamina. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benign tumor: A noncancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other

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parts of the body. [NIH] Bevacizumab: A monoclonal antibody that may prevent the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Bleomycin: A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Brachiocephalic Trunk: The first and largest artery branching from the aortic arch. It distributes blood to the right side of the head and neck and to the right arm. [NIH] Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues. [NIH] Brain Stem: The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. [NIH] Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the trachea. [NIH] Bronchial: Pertaining to one or more bronchi. [EU] Bronchial Arteries: Left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, the right from the first aortic intercostal or the upper left bronchial artery; they supply the bronchi and the lower trachea. [NIH] Bronchial Fistula: An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body. [NIH] Bronchiectasis: Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. [NIH] Bronchioles: The tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs. [NIH] Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of the bronchioles. [NIH] Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Inflammation of the bronchioles with obstruction by fibrous granulation tissue or bronchial exudate. It may follow inhalation of irritating gases or

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foreign bodies and it complicates pneumonia. [NIH] Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia: Inflammation of the bronchioles. [NIH] Bronchopulmonary: Pertaining to the lungs and their air passages; both bronchial and pulmonary. [EU] Bronchopulmonary Sequestration: A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with the tracheobroncheal tree and receives an anomalous blood supply originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. The mass may be extralobar, i.e., completely separated from normally connected lung, or intralobar, i.e., partly surrounded by normal lung. [NIH] Bronchoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to examine the inside of the trachea and bronchi, the air passages that lead into the lungs. [NIH] Bronchoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi. [NIH] Bronchus: A large air passage that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to the lung. [NIH] Burns: Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (burns, chemical), electricity (burns, electric), or the like. [NIH] Burns, Electric: Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity. [NIH] Bypass: A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids. [NIH] Capillary: Any one of the minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules, forming a network in nearly all parts of the body. Their walls act as semipermeable membranes for the interchange of various substances, including fluids, between the blood and tissue fluid; called also vas capillare. [EU] Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carboplatin: An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity. [NIH] Carcinogenesis: The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. [NIH] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Carcinoma in Situ: A malignant tumor that has not yet invaded the basement membrane of the epithelial cell of origin and has not spread to other tissues. [NIH] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiomyopathy: A general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease, often of obscure or unknown etiology. [EU] Cardiopulmonary: Having to do with the heart and lungs. [NIH] Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs. [NIH] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH]

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Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from intubation in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions. [NIH] Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint. [NIH] Cavernous Hemangioma: Proptosis, oedema of the conjunctiva and eyelid, together with paralysis of the oculomotor cranial nerves. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Ceramide: A type of fat produced in the body. It may cause some types of cells to die, and is being studied in cancer treatment. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebrospinal: Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. [EU] Cerebrospinal fluid: CSF. The fluid flowing around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles in the brain. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. [NIH] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Clonic: Pertaining to or of the nature of clonus. [EU] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic

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substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body,

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taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Conjunctiva: The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior part of the sclera. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Contraceptive: An agent that diminishes the likelihood of or prevents conception. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contrast Media: Substances used in radiography that allow visualization of certain tissues. [NIH]

Contrast medium: A substance that is introduced into or around a structure and, because of the difference in absorption of x-rays by the contrast medium and the surrounding tissues, allows radiographic visualization of the structure. [EU] Contusion: A bruise; an injury of a part without a break in the skin. [EU] Conus: A large, circular, white patch around the optic disk due to the exposing of the sclera as a result of degenerative change or congenital abnormality in the choroid and retina. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cortical: Pertaining to or of the nature of a cortex or bark. [EU] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Cranial Nerves: Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special

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afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cyst: A sac or capsule filled with fluid. [NIH] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. [NIH] Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA (chromosomes), bringing sequences, which are normally separated, into close proximity. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Diplopia: A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include refractive errors; strabismus; oculomotor nerve diseases; trochlear nerve diseases; abducens nerve diseases; and diseases of the brain stem and occipital lobe. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Docetaxel: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors. [NIH]

Doxorubicin: Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetics. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Ductus Arteriosus: A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dysplasia: Cells that look abnormal under a microscope but are not cancer. [NIH] Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing. [NIH]

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Effusion: The escape of fluid into a part or tissue, as an exudation or a transudation. [EU] Electrode: Component of the pacing system which is at the distal end of the lead. It is the interface with living cardiac tissue across which the stimulus is transmitted. [NIH] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Embolectomy: Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material which has been transported from a distant vessel by the bloodstream. Removal of a clot at its original site is called thrombectomy. [NIH] Emboli: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material. Embolization can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Ependymomas: Brain tumors that usually begin in the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependymomas may also develop in the cells lining the ventricles of the brain, which produce and store the special fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that protects the brain and spinal cord. Also called ependymal tumors. [NIH] Epidermis: Nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers: 1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); 2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); 3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); 4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and 5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis). [NIH] Epirubicin: An anthracycline antibiotic which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer and acute leukemia. It is equal in activity to doxorubicin but exhibits less acute toxicities and less cardiotoxicity. [NIH] Epistaxis: Bleeding from the nose. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach.

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[NIH]

Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Extracorporeal: Situated or occurring outside the body. [EU] Exudate: Material, such as fluid, cells, or cellular debris, which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation. An exudate, in contrast to a transudate, is characterized by a high content of protein, cells, or solid materials derived from cells. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Femoral: Pertaining to the femur, or to the thigh. [EU] Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. [NIH] Fetal Blood: Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the placenta. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three nonidentical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products. [NIH] Fibrinolytic: Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing the dissolution of fibrin by enzymatic action [EU] Fibrinolytic Agents: Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to fibrinolysin (plasmin). [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicelluar colonies (mushrooms and molds). [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gas exchange: Primary function of the lungs; transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the

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blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gemcitabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2: Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 22. Mutation or loss of these genes causes neurofibromatosis 2. [NIH] Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. [NIH] Giant Cells: Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus. [NIH] Gingival Hemorrhage: The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as gingivitis, marginal periodontitis, injury, and ascorbic acid deficiency. [NIH] Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gingivae. Gingivitis associated with bony changes is referred to as periodontitis. Called also oulitis and ulitis. [EU] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glucocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Granulation Tissue: A vascular connective tissue formed on the surface of a healing wound, ulcer, or inflamed tissue. It consists of new capillaries and an infiltrate containing lymphoid cells, macrophages, and plasma cells. [NIH] Helminths: Commonly known as parasitic worms, this group includes the acanthocephala, nematoda, and platyhelminths. Some authors consider certain species of leeches that can become temporarily parasitic as helminths. [NIH] Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the

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previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemolytic: A disease that affects the blood and blood vessels. It destroys red blood cells, cells that cause the blood to clot, and the lining of blood vessels. HUS is often caused by the Escherichia coli bacterium in contaminated food. People with HUS may develop acute renal failure. [NIH] Hemophilia: Refers to a group of hereditary disorders in which affected individuals fail to make enough of certain proteins needed to form blood clots. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hemothorax: Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: A syndrome consisting of the triad of liver dysfunction, pulmonary vascular dilatation, and abnormal arterial oxygenation in the absence of detectable intrinsic disease of the lung and heart. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hoarseness: An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice. [NIH] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water. [NIH] Hyperbaric: Characterized by greater than normal pressure or weight; applied to gases under greater than atmospheric pressure, as hyperbaric oxygen, or to a solution of greater specific gravity than another taken as a standard of reference. [EU] Hyperbaric oxygen: Oxygen that is at an atmospheric pressure higher than the pressure at sea level. Breathing hyperbaric oxygen to enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy is being studied. [NIH] Hypoxemia: Deficient oxygenation of the blood; hypoxia. [EU] Hypoxia: Reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. [EU] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Iatrogenic: Resulting from the activity of physicians. Originally applied to disorders induced in the patient by autosuggestion based on the physician's examination, manner, or discussion, the term is now applied to any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician or surgeon, especially to infections acquired by the patient during the course of treatment. [EU] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH]

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Ifosfamide: Positional isomer of cyclophosphamide which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infestation: Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin and/or its appendages, as by insects, mites, or ticks; sometimes used to denote parasitic invasion of the organs and tissues, as by helminths. [NIH] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Inhalation: The drawing of air or other substances into the lungs. [EU] Inorganic: Pertaining to substances not of organic origin. [EU] Instillation: . [EU] Intensive Care: Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility. [NIH]

Intercostal: Situated between the ribs. [EU] Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intracranial tumors: Tumors that occur in the brain. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Intubation: Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is differentiated from catheterization in that the insertion of a catheter is usually performed for the introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body. [NIH] Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH]

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Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Laminin: Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion. [NIH] Laryngeal: Having to do with the larynx. [NIH] Larynx: An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice. [NIH] Leptospirosis: Infections with bacteria of the genus Leptospira. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part. [NIH] Linkages: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Lipoma: A benign tumor composed of fat cells. [NIH] Lithotripsy: The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is laser lithotripsy. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Lobe: A portion of an organ such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. [NIH] Lobectomy: The removal of a lobe. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or site. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lung Transplantation: The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in

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which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Malaise: A vague feeling of bodily discomfort. [EU] Malformation: A morphologic developmental process. [EU]

defect

resulting

from

an

intrinsically

abnormal

Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant tumor: A tumor capable of metastasizing. [NIH] Mammary: Pertaining to the mamma, or breast. [EU] Mechanical ventilation: Use of a machine called a ventilator or respirator to improve the exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere. [NIH] Medial: Lying near the midsaggital plane of the body; opposed to lateral. [NIH] Mediastinitis: Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs. [NIH] Mediastinum: The area between the lungs. The organs in this area include the heart and its large blood vessels, the trachea, the esophagus, the bronchi, and lymph nodes. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH] Metastatic: Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH] Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein tubulin. [NIH] Migration: The systematic movement of genes between populations of the same species, geographic race, or variety. [NIH] Mineralocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids primarily associated with the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ion transport in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by plasma volume, serum potassium, and angiotensin II. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Mitotic inhibitors: Drugs that kill cancer cells by interfering with cell division (mitostis). [NIH]

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Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH] Mycosis: Any disease caused by a fungus. [EU] Mycotic: Pertaining to a mycosis; caused by fungi. [EU] Myelosuppression: A condition in which bone marrow activity is decreased, resulting in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Myelosuppression is a side effect of some cancer treatments. [NIH] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Neoplastic: Pertaining to or like a neoplasm (= any new and abnormal growth); pertaining to neoplasia (= the formation of a neoplasm). [EU] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neurofibromatosis 2: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (genes, neurofibromatosis 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life. [NIH] Neurotoxicity: The tendency of some treatments to cause damage to the nervous system. [NIH]

Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Non-small cell lung cancer: A group of lung cancers that includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. [NIH] Occipital Lobe: Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. [NIH] Occult: Obscure; concealed from observation, difficult to understand. [EU] Oculomotor: Cranial nerve III. It originate from the lower ventral surface of the midbrain

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and is classified as a motor nerve. [NIH] Oculomotor Nerve: The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain. [NIH] Oedema: The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body; usually applied to demonstrable accumulation of excessive fluid in the subcutaneous tissues. Edema may be localized, due to venous or lymphatic obstruction or to increased vascular permeability, or it may be systemic due to heart failure or renal disease. Collections of edema fluid are designated according to the site, e.g. ascites (peritoneal cavity), hydrothorax (pleural cavity), and hydropericardium (pericardial sac). Massive generalized edema is called anasarca. [EU] Ovaries: The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. [NIH] Oxygenation: The process of supplying, treating, or mixing with oxygen. No:1245 oxygenation the process of supplying, treating, or mixing with oxygen. [EU] Oxygenator: An apparatus by which oxygen is introduced into the blood during circulation outside the body, as during open heart surgery. [NIH] Paclitaxel: Antineoplastic agent isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form and thus mimics the action of the proto-oncogene proteins c-mos. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of increased lead absorption. [NIH] Pancreatic: Having to do with the pancreas. [NIH] Pancreatic cancer: Cancer of the pancreas, a salivary gland of the abdomen. [NIH] Papilla: A small nipple-shaped elevation. [NIH] Papillary: Pertaining to or resembling papilla, or nipple. [EU] Paralysis: Loss of ability to move all or part of the body. [NIH] Parasitic: Having to do with or being a parasite. A parasite is an animal or a plant that lives on or in an organism of another species and gets at least some of its nutrients from it. [NIH] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Percutaneous: Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination, or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. [EU]

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Performance status: A measure of how well a patient is able to perform ordinary tasks and carry out daily activities. [NIH] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Pericardial Effusion: Presence of fluid within the pericardium. [NIH] Periodontitis: Inflammation of the periodontal membrane; also called periodontitis simplex. [NIH]

Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Plague: An acute infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasminogen: Precursor of fibrinolysin (plasmin). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent. [NIH] Platinum: Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae". [NIH]

Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH]

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Pleural cavity: A space enclosed by the pleura (thin tissue covering the lungs and lining the interior wall of the chest cavity). It is bound by thin membranes. [NIH] Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura, with exudation into its cavity and upon its surface. It may occur as either an acute or a chronic process. In acute pleurisy the pleura becomes reddened, then covered with an exudate of lymph, fibrin, and cellular elements (the dry stage); the disease may progress to the second stage, in which a copious exudation of serum occurs (stage of liquid effusion). The inflamed surfaces of the pleura tend to become united by adhesions, which are usually permanent. The symptoms are a stitch in the side, a chill, followed by fever and a dry cough. As effusion occurs there is an onset of dyspnea and a diminution of pain. The patient lies on the affected side. [EU] Pneumonectomy: An operation to remove an entire lung. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precancerous: A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer. Also called premalignant. [NIH] Premalignant: A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer. Also called precancerous. [NIH] Preoperative: Preceding an operation. [EU] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Prothrombin: A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia. [NIH]

Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity. [NIH] Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos: Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes. They

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function in the cell cycle to maintain maturation promoting factor in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogenic transformation can take place when c-mos proteins are expressed at the wrong time. [NIH] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH] Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. [NIH] Radioimmunotherapy: Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (radiotherapy). [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH]

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Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Randomized clinical trial: A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refractive Errors: Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Respirator: A mechanical device that helps a patient breathe; a mechanical ventilator. [NIH] Respiratory failure: Inability of the lungs to conduct gas exchange. [NIH] Respiratory Mucosa: The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. [NIH] Respiratory Physiology: Functions and activities of the respiratory tract as a whole or of any of its parts. [NIH] Risk patient: Patient who is at risk, because of his/her behaviour or because of the type of person he/she is. [EU] Salmonellosis: Infection by salmonellae. [NIH] Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. [NIH] Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. [NIH] Schwannoma: A tumor of the peripheral nervous system that begins in the nerve sheath (protective covering). It is almost always benign, but rare malignant schwannomas have been reported. [NIH] Scleroderma: A chronic disorder marked by hardening and thickening of the skin. Scleroderma can be localized or it can affect the entire body (systemic). [NIH] Sclerosis: A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secondary tumor: Cancer that has spread from the organ in which it first appeared to another organ. For example, breast cancer cells may spread (metastasize) to the lungs and

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cause the growth of a new tumor. When this happens, the disease is called metastatic breast cancer, and the tumor in the lungs is called a secondary tumor. Also called secondary cancer. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or "seizure disorder." [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Septal: An abscess occurring at the root of the tooth on the proximal surface. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Shunt: A surgically created diversion of fluid (e.g., blood or cerebrospinal fluid) from one area of the body to another area of the body. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skull: The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain. [NIH] Small cell lung cancer: A type of lung cancer in which the cells appear small and round when viewed under the microscope. Also called oat cell lung cancer. [NIH] Solid tumor: Cancer of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Sphincter: A ringlike band of muscle fibres that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice; called also musculus sphincter. [EU] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Sputa: The material expelled from the respiratory passages by coughing or clearing the

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throat. [NIH] Sputum: The material expelled from the respiratory passages by coughing or clearing the throat. [NIH] Squamous: Scaly, or platelike. [EU] Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma. [NIH] Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma. [NIH] Steel: A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation. [NIH] Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal. [EU] Stent: A device placed in a body structure (such as a blood vessel or the gastrointestinal tract) to provide support and keep the structure open. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Strabismus: Deviation of the eye which the patient cannot overcome. The visual axes assume a position relative to each other different from that required by the physiological conditions. The various forms of strabismus are spoken of as tropias, their direction being indicated by the appropriate prefix, as cyclo tropia, esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, and hypotropia. Called also cast, heterotropia, manifest deviation, and squint. [EU] Streptococci: A genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in chains or pairs. They are widely distributed in nature, being important pathogens but often found as normal commensals in the mouth, skin, and intestine of humans and other animals. [NIH] Streptokinase: Streptococcal fibrinolysin . An enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. It hydrolyzes amide linkages and serves as an activator of plasminogen. It is used in thrombolytic therapy and is used also in mixtures with streptodornase (streptodornase and streptokinase). EC 3.4.-. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stricture: The abnormal narrowing of a body opening. Also called stenosis. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclavian: The direct continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib. It passes medially to join the internal jugular vein and form the brachiocephalic vein on each side. [NIH]

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Subclavian Artery: Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb. [NIH] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Suppuration: A pathologic process consisting in the formation of pus. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Tamponade: The inserting of a tampon; a dressing is inserted firmly into a wound or body cavity, as the nose, uterus or vagina, principally for stopping hemorrhage. [NIH] Temporal: One of the two irregular bones forming part of the lateral surfaces and base of the skull, and containing the organs of hearing. [NIH] Teratoma: A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. Teratomas occur most often in the ovaries in women, the testicles in men, and the tailbone in children. Not all teratomas are malignant. [NIH] Testicles: The two egg-shaped glands found inside the scrotum. They produce sperm and male hormones. Also called testes. [NIH] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material from a blood vessel at the point of its formation. Removal of a clot arising from a distant site is called embolectomy. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombolytic: 1. Dissolving or splitting up a thrombus. 2. A thrombolytic agent. [EU] Thrombolytic Therapy: Use of infusions of fibrinolytic agents to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thrombus: An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. Some authorities thus differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. [EU] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Ticks: Blood-sucking arachnids of the order Acarina. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen

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plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tone: 1. The normal degree of vigour and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus. 2. A particular quality of sound or of voice. 3. To make permanent, or to change, the colour of silver stain by chemical treatment, usually with a heavy metal. [EU] Tonic: 1. Producing and restoring the normal tone. 2. Characterized by continuous tension. 3. A term formerly used for a class of medicinal preparations believed to have the power of restoring normal tone to tissue. [EU] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Triad: Trivalent. [NIH] Trochlear Nerve: The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye. [NIH] Trochlear Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include craniocerebral trauma and infratentorial neoplasms. [NIH] Tubercular: Of, pertaining to, or resembling tubercles or nodules. [EU] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Unresectable: Unable to be surgically removed. [NIH] Ureter: One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the bladder. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in

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which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vascular Resistance: An expression of the resistance offered by the systemic arterioles, and to a lesser extent by the capillaries, to the flow of blood. [NIH] Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood vessel. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventilation: 1. In respiratory physiology, the process of exchange of air between the lungs and the ambient air. Pulmonary ventilation (usually measured in litres per minute) refers to the total exchange, whereas alveolar ventilation refers to the effective ventilation of the alveoli, in which gas exchange with the blood takes place. 2. In psychiatry, verbalization of one's emotional problems. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Vinca Alkaloids: A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents. [NIH] Vincristine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against acute leukemia, lung cancer, carcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, head, and neck, and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols. [NIH] Vinorelbine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. [EU] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Visual Cortex: Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision. [NIH] Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH]

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119

INDEX A Abducens, 89, 98 Abducens Nerve, 89, 98 Abducens Nerve Diseases, 89, 98 Aberrant, 30, 89 Abscess, 24, 29, 35, 89, 112 Acoustic, 89, 106 Actinomycosis, 43, 89 Acute leukemia, 40, 41, 89, 99, 116 Adenocarcinoma, 89, 106 Adenosine, 89, 90 Adhesions, 89, 109 Adrenal Cortex, 89, 97 Adrenal Glands, 89, 90 Adverse Effect, 89, 112 Affinity, 89, 90 Agenesis, 45, 90 Agonist, 50, 90 Airway, 17, 27, 65, 90 Algorithms, 90, 93 Alkaline, 90 Alopecia, 90, 98 Alternative medicine, 66, 90 Alveoli, 90, 116 Amino acid, 90, 91, 109 Amino Acid Sequence, 90, 91 Amiodarone, 7, 47, 90 Ammonia, 54, 90 Ampulla, 90, 99 Amyloidosis, 16, 90 Anastomosis, 38, 90 Anatomical, 90, 92, 111 Androgenic, 90, 98 Androgens, 89, 90, 97 Anemia, 11, 19, 91 Anesthesia, 23, 90, 91 Aneurysm, 9, 20, 26, 31, 36, 40, 42, 91 Angiography, 31, 36, 46, 91 Angiosarcoma, 30, 91 Anthracycline, 91, 99 Antiallergic, 91, 97 Antianginal, 90, 91 Antiarrhythmic, 90, 91 Antibiotic, 91, 98, 99 Antibodies, 6, 9, 35, 91, 108, 110 Antibody, 89, 91, 93, 96, 103, 106, 110 Antigen, 89, 91, 96, 101, 103 Anti-inflammatory, 91, 97, 101

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 91, 97 Antimetabolite, 91, 105 Antineoplastic, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 105, 107, 109, 116 Aorta, 8, 25, 91, 93, 94, 98, 114, 116 Aortic Aneurysm, 18, 20, 30, 37, 91 Aortography, 7, 20, 91 Approximate, 5, 91 Arterial, 9, 14, 20, 32, 37, 41, 42, 43, 47, 56, 91, 92, 101, 102, 109 Arterial embolization, 9, 14, 37, 43, 47, 91 Arteries, 16, 33, 91, 92, 93, 97, 105, 106 Arteriography, 10, 92 Arterioles, 92, 93, 94, 116 Arteriosus, 92, 110 Arteriovenous, 10, 23, 31, 44, 92 Ascorbic Acid, 92, 101 Aspergillosis, 9, 27, 33, 40, 58, 92 Aspiration, 15, 34, 92 Atelectasis, 28, 92 Atmospheric Pressure, 92, 102 Atrial, 16, 28, 90, 92 Atrial Fibrillation, 16, 92 Atrium, 92, 94, 116 Atypical, 5, 92 Autosuggestion, 92, 102 Axillary, 92, 113 Axillary Vein, 92, 113 B Bacteria, 89, 91, 92, 99, 104, 105, 113 Basement Membrane, 22, 92, 94, 104 Benign, 4, 7, 10, 27, 36, 42, 92, 98, 104, 106, 110, 111 Benign tumor, 92, 104 Bevacizumab, 58, 93 Bilateral, 7, 9, 93, 106 Biopsy, 28, 93, 107 Biotechnology, 5, 6, 63, 66, 73, 93 Bladder, 93, 104, 115 Bleomycin, 55, 93 Blood vessel, 91, 93, 94, 95, 100, 102, 105, 108, 113, 114, 116 Body Fluids, 93, 94, 98 Bone Marrow, 89, 93, 104, 106, 112 Brachiocephalic Trunk, 93, 114 Brachytherapy, 39, 93, 110 Brain Stem, 93, 98 Bronchi, 93, 94, 105, 115

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Bronchial Arteries, 30, 93 Bronchial Fistula, 45, 47, 93 Bronchiectasis, 6, 9, 25, 44, 50, 53, 93 Bronchioles, 90, 93, 94 Bronchiolitis, 22, 93, 94 Bronchiolitis Obliterans, 22, 93, 94 Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia, 22, 94 Bronchopulmonary, 26, 94 Bronchopulmonary Sequestration, 26, 94 Bronchoscope, 47, 94 Bronchoscopy, 5, 12, 15, 21, 38, 39, 40, 46, 94 Bronchus, 12, 93, 94 Burns, 54, 94 Burns, Electric, 94 Bypass, 40, 94, 114 C Capillary, 27, 44, 94, 116 Carbohydrate, 94, 97, 101 Carboplatin, 57, 58, 94 Carcinogenesis, 5, 94 Carcinoma, 5, 31, 54, 94, 106, 113, 116 Carcinoma in Situ, 5, 94 Cardiac, 12, 91, 92, 94, 99, 106, 113 Cardiomyopathy, 38, 94 Cardiopulmonary, 36, 94 Cardiopulmonary Bypass, 36, 94 Cardiovascular, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40, 45, 47, 94 Case report, 10, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 24, 45, 54, 58, 94 Catheter, 15, 16, 33, 34, 41, 42, 43, 95, 103, 104 Catheterization, 91, 95, 103 Cause of Death, 4, 21, 95 Cavernous Hemangioma, 7, 95 Cell Cycle, 95, 100, 110 Cell Division, 92, 95, 100, 105, 108 Ceramide, 3, 95 Cerebral, 47, 93, 95, 106 Cerebrospinal, 95, 99, 112 Cerebrospinal fluid, 95, 99, 112 Cerebrum, 95 Cesarean Section, 8, 95 Chemotherapy, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 95, 116 Chest Pain, 12, 38, 95 Chromosome, 5, 95, 101, 104, 106 Chronic, 95, 103, 109, 111, 113 Cisplatin, 54, 55, 56, 95 Clinical trial, 4, 73, 95, 111 Clonic, 30, 95

Cloning, 93, 95 Cofactor, 95, 109 Collagen, 90, 92, 95 Collapse, 7, 96 Complement, 96 Complementary and alternative medicine, 53, 62, 96 Complementary medicine, 53, 96 Computational Biology, 73, 96 Computed tomography, 34, 39, 96, 97 Computerized axial tomography, 96, 97 Computerized tomography, 96, 97 Conception, 97, 100, 113 Conjunctiva, 95, 97 Connective Tissue, 92, 93, 95, 97, 100, 101, 104, 111 Contraceptive, 23, 97 Contraindications, ii, 97 Contrast Media, 91, 97 Contrast medium, 91, 97 Contusion, 23, 42, 97 Conus, 97, 110 Coronary, 40, 97, 105, 106 Coronary Thrombosis, 97, 105, 106 Cortical, 97, 112 Corticosteroid, 56, 97 Cranial, 89, 95, 97, 106, 107, 108, 115 Cranial Nerves, 95, 97 Curative, 98, 114 Cutaneous, 22, 98 Cyclophosphamide, 53, 56, 98, 103 Cyst, 11, 14, 98 Cytotoxic, 98, 110 Cytotoxicity, 95, 98 D Danazol, 41, 98 Deletion, 5, 98 Diagnostic procedure, 66, 98 Diaphragm, 98, 108 Diplopia, 36, 89, 98, 115 Direct, iii, 24, 98, 111, 113 Dissection, 16, 98 Distal, 16, 98, 99 Docetaxel, 55, 98 Doxorubicin, 98, 99 Drug Interactions, 98 Duct, 90, 95, 98, 113 Ductus Arteriosus, 37, 98 Duodenum, 98, 99 Dysplasia, 5, 98 Dyspnea, 18, 36, 98, 109

121

E Effusion, 99, 109 Electrode, 18, 99 Electrolyte, 97, 99, 105 Electrons, 99, 103, 110 Embolectomy, 18, 99, 114 Emboli, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 99 Embolization, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 99 Endoscope, 99 Endoscopic, 46, 94, 99 Environmental Health, 72, 74, 99 Enzyme, 99, 109, 111, 113, 114 Ependymomas, 99, 106 Epidermis, 99, 110 Epirubicin, 56, 99 Epistaxis, 3, 99 Epithelial, 89, 94, 99, 104 Epithelium, 92, 99 Erythrocytes, 91, 93, 99 Esophagus, 99, 105, 116 Etoposide, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 100 Extracorporeal, 23, 100 Exudate, 93, 100, 109 F Family Planning, 73, 100 Fat, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 104 Femoral, 94, 100 Femoral Artery, 94, 100 Fetal Blood, 98, 100 Fetus, 95, 100, 116 Fibrinogen, 46, 100, 108, 114 Fibrinolytic, 100, 114 Fibrinolytic Agents, 100, 114 Fibrosis, 10, 11, 14, 19, 28, 29, 30, 45, 55, 57, 100, 111 Fistula, 8, 9, 18, 21, 28, 29, 37, 100 Fungi, 92, 100, 105, 106 G Gallbladder, 100, 104 Gamma Rays, 100, 110 Gas, 90, 100, 106, 111, 116 Gas exchange, 100, 111, 116 Gastric, 22, 99, 101 Gastrointestinal, 101, 113 Gastrointestinal tract, 101, 113 Gemcitabine, 54, 56, 58, 101 Gene, 63, 93, 101, 106 Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2, 101, 106 Germ Cells, 101, 114 Giant Cells, 101, 111

Gingival Hemorrhage, 3, 101 Gingivitis, 101 Gland, 89, 101, 104, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114 Glucocorticoids, 89, 97, 101 Glycoprotein, 100, 101, 104 Governing Board, 101, 109 Graft, 8, 101 Grafting, 40, 101 Granulation Tissue, 93, 101 H Helminths, 101, 103 Hematuria, 7, 22, 101 Hemoglobin, 91, 99, 101 Hemolytic, 102, 113 Hemophilia, 38, 102 Hemorrhage, 22, 102, 110, 114, 115 Hemothorax, 26, 30, 102 Hepatic, 33, 102 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome, 24, 102 Hereditary, 102 Heredity, 101, 102 Hoarseness, 3, 4, 25, 36, 102 Hormonal, 97, 102 Hormone, 97, 102, 114 Hydrolysis, 95, 102, 109 Hyperbaric, 57, 102 Hyperbaric oxygen, 57, 102 Hypoxemia, 22, 102 Hypoxia, 102 Hysterotomy, 95, 102 I Iatrogenic, 28, 102 Idiopathic, 102, 111 Ifosfamide, 53, 103 Immune response, 91, 97, 103, 116 Immunologic, 103, 110 Immunosuppressant, 103, 105 Immunosuppressive, 98, 103 Infarction, 103 Infection, 4, 103, 104, 111, 114 Infestation, 28, 103 Inflammation, 91, 93, 94, 100, 101, 103, 105, 108, 109, 116 Inhalation, 93, 103 Inorganic, 95, 103 Instillation, 44, 103 Intensive Care, 29, 31, 32, 103 Intercostal, 93, 103 Intermittent, 47, 103 Interstitial, 93, 103 Intracellular, 103 Intracranial tumors, 103, 106

122

Hemoptysis

Intravenous, 22, 57, 103 Intrinsic, 89, 92, 102, 103 Intubation, 17, 95, 103 Ionizing, 103, 110 K Kb, 72, 104 L Laminin, 92, 104 Laryngeal, 4, 27, 58, 104 Larynx, 4, 104, 115 Leptospirosis, 15, 104 Lesion, 4, 12, 104, 115 Leukemia, 98, 104 Ligaments, 97, 104 Ligation, 19, 104 Linkages, 101, 104, 113 Lipid, 3, 104 Lipoma, 22, 104 Lithotripsy, 23, 104 Liver, 90, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 111 Lobe, 6, 11, 26, 104, 107 Lobectomy, 37, 41, 104 Localization, 5, 29, 104 Localized, 89, 90, 103, 104, 107, 108, 111, 115 Lung Transplantation, 9, 104 Lymph, 92, 104, 105, 109, 111 Lymph node, 92, 104, 105, 111 Lymphatic, 103, 104, 107, 112 Lymphoid, 91, 101, 104 M Malaise, 14, 105 Malformation, 10, 14, 23, 31, 44, 105 Malignant, 4, 57, 89, 91, 94, 105, 106, 110, 111, 114 Malignant tumor, 94, 105 Mammary, 26, 105 Mechanical ventilation, 30, 105 Medial, 16, 105 Mediastinitis, 21, 105 Mediastinum, 105 MEDLINE, 73, 105 Membrane, 96, 97, 104, 105, 108, 111 Meninges, 105, 114 Metastasis, 31, 105 Metastatic, 54, 55, 58, 105, 112 Methotrexate, 53, 105 MI, 87, 105 Microbe, 105, 115 Microbiology, 9, 92, 105 Microtubules, 105, 107 Migration, 27, 105

Mineralocorticoids, 89, 97, 105 Mitotic, 98, 100, 105 Mitotic inhibitors, 98, 105 Molecular, 73, 75, 93, 96, 100, 106, 108 Molecule, 91, 96, 102, 106, 110 Monoclonal, 93, 106, 110 Morphology, 5, 106 Mycosis, 106 Mycotic, 18, 106 Myelosuppression, 106, 116 Myocardial infarction, 22, 41, 57, 97, 105, 106 Myocardium, 105, 106 N Necrosis, 103, 105, 106, 111 Neoplasia, 106 Neoplasm, 106, 111 Neoplastic, 17, 27, 106 Nerve, 58, 89, 91, 106, 107, 111, 113, 115 Nervous System, 101, 106, 108 Neurofibromatosis 2, 31, 101, 106 Neurotoxicity, 106, 116 Nitrogen, 91, 98, 106 Non-small cell lung cancer, 54, 55, 56, 106 O Occipital Lobe, 98, 106, 116 Occult, 5, 28, 34, 58, 106 Oculomotor, 95, 98, 106, 107 Oculomotor Nerve, 98, 107 Oedema, 95, 107 Ovaries, 107, 114 Oxygenation, 102, 107 Oxygenator, 94, 107 P Paclitaxel, 55, 58, 107 Palliative, 20, 107, 114 Palsy, 58, 107 Pancreatic, 99, 107 Pancreatic cancer, 99, 107 Papilla, 107 Papillary, 31, 107 Paralysis, 45, 95, 107 Parasitic, 101, 103, 107 Parietal, 107, 108 Parotid, 107, 111 Partial remission, 107, 111 Patch, 18, 25, 32, 97, 107 Pathologic, 34, 93, 97, 107, 114 Percutaneous, 33, 34, 41, 44, 91, 104, 107 Performance status, 55, 108 Perfusion, 36, 102, 108 Pericardial Effusion, 56, 108

123

Periodontitis, 101, 108 Peripheral Nervous System, 107, 108, 111 Pharmacologic, 91, 108, 115 Physiologic, 90, 108 Physiology, 4, 108 Pilot study, 57, 108 Pituitary Gland, 97, 108 Plague, 78, 108 Plants, 106, 108, 115 Plasma, 17, 57, 65, 91, 100, 101, 102, 105, 108, 109 Plasma cells, 91, 101, 108 Plasminogen, 100, 108, 113 Platinum, 56, 95, 108 Pleura, 108, 109 Pleural, 17, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109 Pleural cavity, 102, 107, 109 Pleurisy, 36, 109 Pneumonectomy, 17, 35, 109 Pneumonia, 21, 29, 35, 47, 94, 97, 109 Podophyllotoxin, 100, 109 Polypeptide, 90, 95, 100, 109 Practice Guidelines, 74, 109 Precancerous, 109 Premalignant, 5, 109 Preoperative, 9, 109 Protein S, 63, 93, 109 Proteins, 90, 91, 96, 102, 106, 108, 109, 112, 115 Proteoglycans, 92, 109 Proteolytic, 96, 100, 109 Prothrombin, 109, 114 Proto-Oncogene Proteins, 107, 109 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos, 107, 109 Psychiatry, 19, 110, 116 Psychic, 110, 112 Public Policy, 73, 110 Publishing, 5, 110 Pulmonary Artery, 16, 19, 21, 26, 33, 35, 37, 41, 42, 45, 98, 110, 116 Purpura, 34, 110 Purulent, 38, 110 R Race, 105, 110 Radiation, 21, 100, 102, 103, 110, 116 Radiation therapy, 102, 110 Radioimmunotherapy, 110 Radiological, 9, 107, 110 Radiology, 10, 14, 16, 17, 24, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 110 Radiotherapy, 57, 93, 110 Randomized, 54, 58, 111

Randomized clinical trial, 54, 111 Recombinant, 41, 111 Recurrence, 43, 111 Reductase, 105, 111 Refer, 1, 96, 100, 104, 110, 111 Refractive Errors, 98, 111 Relapse, 43, 111 Remission, 56, 111 Resection, 36, 40, 111 Respirator, 105, 111 Respiratory failure, 24, 111 Respiratory Mucosa, 5, 111 Respiratory Physiology, 111, 116 Risk patient, 5, 111 S Salmonellosis, 20, 111 Sarcoidosis, 24, 33, 111 Sarcoma, 6, 17, 111 Schwannoma, 31, 111 Scleroderma, 17, 111 Sclerosis, 22, 111 Screening, 95, 111 Secondary tumor, 105, 111 Secretion, 97, 101, 105, 112 Seizures, 31, 112 Semisynthetic, 100, 112 Septal, 16, 112 Serum, 96, 105, 109, 112 Shock, 23, 104, 112, 115 Shunt, 20, 112 Side effect, 89, 98, 106, 112, 115, 116 Signs and Symptoms, 111, 112 Skull, 112, 114 Small cell lung cancer, 53, 54, 112 Solid tumor, 93, 98, 112 Specialist, 79, 112 Species, 101, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, 115, 116 Sperm, 90, 95, 112, 114 Sphincter, 104, 112 Spinal cord, 93, 95, 99, 105, 106, 108, 112, 114 Spleen, 90, 104, 111, 112 Sputa, 5, 112 Sputum, 4, 38, 113 Squamous, 5, 106, 113, 116 Squamous cell carcinoma, 106, 113, 116 Steel, 31, 113 Stenosis, 57, 113 Stent, 8, 15, 113 Sterility, 98, 113 Steroid, 98, 113

124

Hemoptysis

Stimulus, 99, 113 Strabismus, 98, 113 Streptococci, 113 Streptokinase, 43, 113 Stress, 55, 113 Stricture, 11, 113 Subacute, 103, 113 Subclavian, 36, 42, 92, 113, 114 Subclavian Artery, 36, 42, 114 Subclinical, 103, 112, 114 Suppression, 97, 114 Suppuration, 64, 114 Symptomatic, 4, 114 Systemic, 9, 22, 32, 33, 38, 42, 45, 58, 90, 91, 103, 107, 110, 111, 114, 116 T Tamponade, 26, 32, 34, 114 Temporal, 5, 114 Teratoma, 32, 42, 58, 114 Testicles, 114 Testis, 58, 114 Therapeutics, 114 Thrombectomy, 99, 114 Thrombin, 45, 46, 100, 109, 114 Thrombolytic, 41, 108, 113, 114 Thrombolytic Therapy, 41, 113, 114 Thrombosis, 109, 114 Thrombus, 97, 103, 114 Thyroid, 31, 114 Ticks, 103, 114 Tomography, 9, 34, 114 Tone, 115 Tonic, 30, 115 Toxic, iv, 98, 109, 115 Toxicity, 47, 57, 98, 115 Toxicology, 74, 115 Toxins, 91, 103, 110, 115 Trachea, 93, 94, 104, 105, 114, 115 Tranexamic Acid, 30, 45, 115

Transfection, 93, 115 Trauma, 3, 89, 106, 115 Triad, 102, 115 Trochlear Nerve, 98, 115 Trochlear Nerve Diseases, 98, 115 Tubercular, 44, 115 Tuberculosis, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 24, 26, 29, 31, 36, 37, 38, 115 U Ulcer, 7, 101, 115 Unresectable, 57, 115 Ureter, 104, 115 Urine, 93, 101, 115 Uterus, 102, 107, 114, 115, 116 V Vagina, 102, 114, 116 Vascular, 10, 36, 37, 40, 41, 44, 90, 101, 102, 103, 107, 114, 116 Vascular Resistance, 90, 116 Vasculitis, 29, 35, 116 Vein, 21, 91, 92, 103, 107, 113, 116 Venous, 24, 28, 37, 40, 92, 107, 109, 116 Ventilation, 42, 116 Ventricle, 110, 116 Ventricular, 9, 27, 28, 90, 116 Venules, 93, 94, 116 Veterinary Medicine, 73, 116 Vinca Alkaloids, 116 Vincristine, 53, 116 Vindesine, 56, 116 Vinorelbine, 54, 55, 56, 116 Viral, 4, 47, 101, 116 Virulence, 115, 116 Virus, 101, 116 Visual Cortex, 98, 116 W Windpipe, 94, 114, 116 X X-ray, 5, 17, 92, 96, 97, 100, 110, 116

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