Gudea and his Dynasty (The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Early Periods, RIME3 1)

G U D E A A N D HIS D Y N A S T Y THE R O Y A L I N S C R I P T I O N S EDITORIAL OF MESOPOTAMIA BOARD A. Kirk G...

Author: Dietz Otto Edzard

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G U D E A A N D HIS D Y N A S T Y

THE R O Y A L I N S C R I P T I O N S

EDITORIAL

OF

MESOPOTAMIA

BOARD

A. Kirk Grayson (Toronto) Director and Editor-in-Charge of Assyrian Periods

Veysel Donbaz (Istanbul) Paul Garelli (Paris)

Ronald F.G. Sweet (Toronto)

Editor-in-Chief

Joachim Marzahn (Berlin)

Dietz O. Edzard (Munich) Editor-in-Charge of Early Periods

Fawzi Rashid (Baghdad) Christopher Walker (London)

Grant Frame (Toronto) Assistant Director

Volumes Published ASSYRIAN PERIODS 1 Assyrian Rtìers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (TO 1115 BC) A. KIRK GRAYSON 2 Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I ( 1114-859 BC) A. KIRK GRAYSON 3 Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC) A. KIRK GRAYSON BABYLONIAN PERIODS 2 Rulers of Babylonia: From the Second Dynasty of Isin to the End of Assyrian Control ( 1157-612 BC) GRANT FRAME EARLY PERIODS 2 Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334-2113 BC) DOUGLAS FRAYNE 3/1 Gudea and His Dynasty DIETZ OTTO EDZARD

3/2 Ur in Period (2112-2004 BC) DOUGLAS FRAYNE

4 Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC) DOUGLAS FRAYNE SUPPLEMENTS 1 Royal Inscriptions on Clay Cones from Ashur Now in Istanbul V. DONBAZ and A. KIRK GRAYSON

THE R O Y A L I N S C R I P T I O N S

OF

MESOPOTAMIA

EARLY PERIODS / V OLU M E 3/1

Gudea and His Dynasty

D I E T Z OTTO E D Z A R D

U N I V E R S I T Y OF T O R O N T O Toronto Buffalo London

PRESS

© University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1997 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-4187-6

Printed on acid-free paper

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Edzard, Dietz Otto Gudea and his dynasty (The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Early periods; v. 3/1) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8020-4187-6 1. Cuneiform inscriptions, Sumerian. 2. Cuneiform inscriptions, Akkadian.. 3. Sumerian language - Texts. 4. Akkadian language - Texts. 5. Lagash (Extinct city) - Kings and rulers. 6. Lagash (Extinct city) - History - Sources. 7. Babylonia - Kings and rulers. 8. Babylonia - History - Sources. I. Gudea, of Lagash. IL Title. III. Series. PJ38326.E39 1997

935'.01

C96-932269-0

The cover illustration is the impression of a cylinder seal of Gudea (p. 170). The drawing was done by Loretta James.

The research and publication of this volume have been supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the University of Toronto.

To

Hart House the fascinating institution of the University of Toronto

This page intentionally left blank

Contents

Preface / ix Editorial Notes / xi Bibliographical Abbreviations / xiii Other Abbreviations / xv Object Signatures / xvii

INTRODUCTION / 3

Ur-Ningirsu I E3/1.1.1 / 7 Pirig-rae E3/1.1.2/12 Lu-Bau, Lugula, and Kaku E3/1.1.3-5 / 14 Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6/15 Gudea E3/1.1.7/26 Inscriptions on Statues / 29 Inscriptions on Cylinders / 68 Inscriptions on Cylinder Fragments / 101 Inscriptions on Other Objects / 107 Ur-Ningirsu II E3/1.L8/181 Ur-GAR E3/1.1.9 / 189 Ur-ayabba E3/LL10/192 Ur-Mama E3/1.1.11 /192 Nammahani E3/1.1.12 /194 Hala-Bau E3/1.1.0/208 Unidentified Persons E3/1.1.0/209

Catalogue of Types of Inscribed Objects / 223 Concordances of Selected Publications / 229 Handcopies /232


Preface

The present volume was prepared during five stays in Toronto: 2 March to 5 May, 1993; 2 March to 1 April, 1994; 9 September to 16 October, 1994; 3 March to 4 April, 1995; and 7 to 30 September, 1995. Each time I enjoyed the most cordial hospitality of the RIM Project's director and staff, and it is my heartfelt duty to express my deep gratitude to A.K. Grayson, Hope Grau, D.R. Frayne, and G. Frame, as well as to the editor-in-chief, R.F.G. Sweet, who read the manuscript and provided many important notes on Sumerian grammar and English style. H. Grau has taken great pains to input my typewritten manuscript on the computer and to enter innumerable corrections. D. Frayne, with whom I had many fruitful discussions of Sumerian, provided much help with questions of formatting. In December 1994, during a collation trip made to the Musée du Louvre, I enjoyed invaluable help offered me by Béatrice André-Salvini. Erica Ehrenberg (Berlin and New York), with admirable empathy for the particular flavour of the style of the inscriptions, corrected my English and saw to it that appropriate archaeological terminology was applied to the description of the individual objects. For a preliminary review of my translation of the Gudea cylinders, I am much indebted to Professor Johanna Stuckey of York University. During the summer of 1995 Professors J.A. Black of Oxford, W. Heimpel of Berkeley, and P. Steinkeller of Harvard devoted much time and energy to the manuscript in their capacity of official readers, I owe them thanks for most valuable discussions and corrections of the Sumerian text, its translation, and the English style. Only occasionally did I refer to their efforts in the notes, especially on the Gudea statues and cylinders. May they find here the expression of my sincere gratitude. I would also like to thank my students of a Gudea class, held at Munich University during the summer semester of 1995, for inspiring remarks and for corrections. The compilation of the book has been enormously facilitated by the fact that H. Steible's "Die neusumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften der II. Dynastie von Lagas" (= FAOS 9/1 and 9/2, 1991) was available, especially as it relieved me of the painstaking task of collecting the material and most of the bibliography. Expenses for travelling and for my stays in Toronto were most generously covered by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, to which my sincere thanks are here expressed. Finally, I would like to show my admiration for an institution of the University of Toronto, which not only housed me on each of my different stays, but was also a constant source of intellectual inspiration. It is to Hart House and its staff that this book is gratefully dedicated. Toronto October 1996

D.O.E.


Editorial Notes

The present edition of the royal inscriptions of what is often called the Second Dynasty of Lagash appears as volume 3, part 1, of The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early Series (RIME 3/1). The original intention of the editors of the RIM project was to allocate the inscriptions of this dynasty to RIME 2, Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334-2113 BC), which appeared in 1993. But when a decision was made to include the Gudea cylinders and cylinder fragments with what are Gudea's royal inscriptions in the usually accepted sense, the Lagash II corpus became too large for inclusion in RIME 2. The Lagash II corpus was then reassigned to the volume intended for the royal inscriptions of the Third Dynasty of Ur, RIME 3. But since the combining of the Lagash II corpus and the Ur III corpus would also have yielded an inconveniently large volume, it was decided to divide RIME 3 into two parts. The inclusion of the Gudea cylinders and cylinder fragments in a series that has as its purpose the publication of editions of Mesopotamian royal inscriptions may occasion surprise. But no one will regret the appearance of the first complete transliteration and translation of the Gudea cylinders in an English-language publication since Ira M. Price's effort of seventy years ago (AB 27, 1927). In conformity with the system employed in previous volumes of the RIM series, all inscriptions other than the statues, cylinders, and cylinder fragments of Gudea have been given a four-element designator of the type E3/1.1.7.2 (to use the text on p. 108 as an example), in which the first element (E3/1) identifies the sub-series as the Early Periods and the volume as 3/1; the second element (1) identifies the dynasty as the first (and, as it happens, the only) dynasty treated in this volume; the third element (7) identifies the ruler as the seventh of the dynasty in the sequence adopted for the volume; and the fourth element (2) identifies the text as the second of the ruler's inscriptions, in a sequence determined by the rationale explained in the Introduction (pp. 3-5). For the Gudea inscriptions on statues, which are given on pp. 29-67, a number as the fourth element has been replaced by an indicator of the type StA, which identifies the text as on a statue (St) and specifies the particular statue by means of its traditional index (A, etc.). Similarly, a number as the fourth element has been replaced in the editions of the Gudea Cylinders on pp. 68-101 by CylA or, as the case may be, CylB. For the cylinder fragments on pp. 101-106, Cylfrgm, followed by the appropriate number, is used for the fourth element. However, for crossreferences within the volume, where specifications of volume number and dynasty can be considered redundant, and also in the indexes, inscriptions are referred to simply by the ruler's name (not number!) and the fourth of the above elements (thus Gudea 1 for the first of the Gudea inscriptions other than the inscriptions on statues, cylinders, and cylinder fragments, for which Gudea StA, Gudea CylA, etc., are used). Since the ruler to whose reign the inscription of Hala-Bau on p. 208 should be assigned is not known (indeed, even its ascription to the Lagash II dynasty is uncertain), 0 (zero) is used for the third element. In keeping with the standard editorial practice of the RIM project, the uncertainty is further marked by the use of a number in the 1000 range, specifically 1001, for the fourth element. A zero is also used as the third element in the case of the fragments on pp. 209-21, which cannot be attributed to particular reigns or whose "authorship" cannot be identified. For these fragments, numbers in a sequence beginning with 1002 have been used for the fourth element. The RIM project has always emphasized the importance of examining original inscriptions before publishing new editions, and has striven to collate the texts against the original inscribed objects, be they clay tablets, stone orthostats, or any other of the many objects on which texts were inscribed in ancient Mesopotamia. With the exception of Gudea Statue R, Gudea 53 (E3/1.1.7.53), and the Gudea cylinder fragments, this policy has not been followed in the preparation of the present volume since it would have been pointless to repeat the careful collations made by Horst Steible between 1979 and 1989 in preparing NSBW (1991). In another departure from standard RIM editorial practice, hand copies of some of the texts — Gudea cylinder fragments 8+3+5+4 and 12 — have been reproduced (pp. 232-33).

xii

Editorial Notes

Long catalogues of duplicate exemplars have been avoided by frequent references to the lists in Steible, NSBW. Nowhere has the author thought it useful to construct "scores" of texts with multiple exemplars, and a microfiche in a pocket inside the back cover with the scores of such texts, which has been a feature of all previous RIM volumes, will not be found in this volume. Variant readings have in the case of one inscription been displayed by transliterating each of the two exemplars in full (Ur-Bau 12); in other cases they are noted in the Commentary (e.g., Ur-Bau 1) or reference is made to Steible's edition (e.g., Gudea 41). Repetition of the transliteration and translation of a duplicate parallel passage in a second or later text has been avoided by reference back to the first occurrence (e.g., Gudea StN). A repetitious translation has also been avoided, on occasion, by reference to the translation of an inscription with a similar text (e.g., Gudea 12), with due notation of any textual variant (e.g., Gudea 38). The author's preferences in the choice of values for the transliteration of Sumerian have been retained, even when these differ from those used in other RIM volumes. For example, the character g has been used for the transliteration of the Sumerian nasalized velar, and the word for "city" appears as iri, not uru. The text of the author's manuscript was transferred to an Apple Macintosh Ilsi computer, using Microsoft Word 5.1 with CuneiformOriental font, and the camera-ready copy was produced on a laser printer with an output at 1200 dpi. Toronto June 1996

R.F.G. Sweet Editor-in-Chief

Bibliographical Abbreviations

AB Afö André-Leicknam, Naissance de récriture AnOr AoF ASJ Bagh. Mitt. BibMes BIN BiOr BM Guide Böhl, Leiden Coll. Börker-Klähn, Bildstelen Boese, Weihplatten

van Buren, Foundation Figurines CRRA Charpin and Durand, DCS CIRPL Colbow, Rundplastik Contenau, Manuel Cros, Tello CT van Dijk, Lugal Edzard, Rép. Géogr. 1 de Genouillac, FT Heuzey, Origines Hrouda, Vorderasien 1

rrr Jacobsen, Harps JCS JNES JRAS JSOR King, Early History

Kramer Anniversary

Kraus, Tonnaegel Lenorment, Choix Limet, Textes sumériens

Assyriologische Bibliothek. Leipzig, 1881Archiv für Orientforschung, vol. 3 - (vol. 1-2 = AfK). Berlin, Graz, and Horn, 1926B. André-Leicknam, Naissance de l'écriture cunéiformes et hiéroglyphes, 4e édition. Paris, 1982 Analecta Orientalia. Rome, 1931Altorientalische Forschungen. Berlin, 1974Acta Sumerologica. Hiroshima, 1979Baghdader Mitteilungen. Berlin, 1960Bibliotheca Mesopotamia. Malibu, 1975BabyIonian Inscriptions in the Collection of J.B. Nies. New Haven, 1917— Bibliotheca Orientalis. Leiden, 1943British Museum. A Guide to the Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities, 3rd edition. London, 1922 F.M.T. Böhl, Medeelingen uit de Leidische Verzameling van spijkerschrifMnscripties, 3 vols. Amsterdam, 1933-36 J. Börker-Klähn, Altvorderasiatische Bildstelen und vergleichbare Felsrelîefs (-Bagh. For. 4). Mainz am Rhein, 1982 J. Boese, Altmesopotamische Weihplatten, Eine sumerische Denkmalsgattung des 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Berlin and New York, 1971 E.D. van Buren, Foundation Figurines and Offerings. Berlin, 1931 Compte Rendu de la Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. [Various locations], 1950D. Charpin and J.-M. Durand, Documents cunéiformes de Strasbourg. Paris, 1981 E. Sollberger, Corpus des inscriptions royales présargoniques de Lagaš. Geneva, 1956 G. Colbow, Zur Rundplastik des Gudea von Lagaš (=Münchener Vorderasiatische Studien 5). München, 1987 G. Contenau, Manuel d'archéologie orientale, 4 vols. Paris, 1927-47 G. Cros, Nouvelles fouilles de Tello, Mission française de Chaldée. Paris, 1910 Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. London, 1896J. van Dijk, Lugal ud me-1ám-bi nir-gá1,2 vols. Leiden, 1983 D.O. Edzard, G. Färber and E. Sollberger, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der präsargonischen und sargonischen Zeit. Wiesbaden, 1977 H. de Genouillac, Fouilles de Telloh, 2 vols. Paris, 1934-36 L. Heuzey, Les origines orientales de Tart. Paris, 1891-1915 B. Hrouda, Vorderasien 1 : Mesopotamien, Babylonien, Iran und Anatolien. Handbuch der Archäologie. Munich, 1971 Inventaire des tablettes de Tello conservées aux Musée Impérial Ottoman, 5 vols. Paris, 1910-21 Th. Jacobsen, The Harps That Once ... Sumerian Poetry in Translation. New Haven and London, 1987 Journal of Cuneiform Studies. New Haven and Cambridge, Mass., 1947Joumal of Near Eastern Studies. Chicago, 1942Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1834— Journal of the Society of Oriental Research, vols. 1-16. Chicago and Toronto, 1917-32 L.W. King, A History of Sumer and Akkad: An Account of the Early Races of Babylonia from Prehistoric Times to the Foundation of the Babylonian Monarch. London, 1910 B. Eichler (ed.)r Kramer Anniversary Volume: Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer (=AOAT 25). Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1976 F.R. Kraus, Altmcsopotamische Tonnaegel mit Keilinschriften, TTKY 7/5. Ankara, 1947 F. Lenormant, Choix de textes cunéiformes. Paris, 1873 H. Limet, Textes sumériens de la Ille Dynastie d'Ur (^Documentes du Proche-Orient Ancien, Épigraphie 1). Brussels, 1976

xiv M DOG Moortgat, Art MVN NABU Parrot, Sumer Parrot, Tello PBS RA Rashid, Gründungsfiguren RB RIME RLA RT Sallaberger, Kalender Salonen, Wasserfahrzeuge de Sarzec, Découvertes

Shileiko, VN Sigrist, Messenger Texts Sjöberg Festschrift Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA Solyman, Götterwaffen Spar, Met. Mus. 1 Spycket, Statuaire Steible, NSBW Strommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamien Studies Sjöberg TCL Thureau-Dangin, RTC Thureau-Dangin, SAK TLB UE UET Unger, AOTU Unger, SuAK VAS Walker, CBI

Winckler and Böhden, ABK Witzel, Gudea YOS ZA Zervos, L'art

Bibliographical Abbreviations Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Berlin, 1898A. Moortgat, The Art of Ancient Mesopotamia. London and New York, 1969 Material! per il vocabolario neosumerico. Rome, 1974Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires. Paris, 1987A. Parrot, Sumer. Paris, 1960 A. Parrot, Tello, vingt campagnes de fouilles (1877-1933). Paris, 1948 Publications of the Babylonian Section, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 15 vols. Philadelphia, 1911-26 Revue d1 assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. Paris, 1886S.A. Rashid, Gründungsfiguren in Iraq (= Prähistorische Bronzefunde 1/2). München, 1983 Revue biblique. Paris, 1892The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early Periods. Toronto, 1990Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie. Berlin, 1932Receuil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l'archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes, vols. 1-40. Paris, 1870-1923 W. Sallaberger, Der kultische Kalender der Ur HI-Zeit (= Untersuchungen zur Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 7/1,7/2). Berlin, 1993 A. Salonen, Die Wasserfahrzeuge in Babylonien (=Studia Orientalia 8/4). Helsinki, 1939 E. de Sarzec, Découvertes en Chaldée par Ernest de Sarzec, ouvrage accompagné de planches, publié par les soins de Léon Heuzey, avec le concours de Arthur Amiaud et François Thureau-Dangin pour la partie épigraphique, 2 vols. Paris, 1884/1912 V.K. Shileiko, Votivnie nadpisi šumerijskich pravitelej. Petrograd, 1915 M. Sigrist, Messenger Texts from the British Museum. Ann Arbor, 1990 See Studies Sjöberg E. Sollberger and J.R. Küpper, Inscriptions royales sumériennes et akkadiennes. Paris, 1971 T. Solyman, Die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Götterwaffen im alten Mesopotamien und ihre Bedeutung. Beirut, 1968 I. Spar (ed.), Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1 - New York, 1987A. Spycket, La statuaire du Proche-Orient ancien (=Handbuch der Orientalistik 7/1/2/B 2). Leiden and Cologne, 1981 M. Steible, Die neusumerisehen Bau-und Weihinschriften, 2 vols. (=Freiburger Altorientalische Studien 9:1-2). Stuttgart, 1991 E. Strommenger and M. Hirmer, Fünf Jahrtausende Mesopotamien: die Kunst von der Anfängen um 5000 v. Chr. bis zu Alexander. Munich, 1962 H. Behrens, et al. (eds.), Dumu-e2-dub-ba-a: Studies in Honor of Âke W. Sjöberg (=Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11). Philadelphia, 1989 Textes cunéiformes du Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités Orientales, Paris, 1910F. Thureau-Dangin, Recueil de tablettes chaldéennes. Paris, 1903 F. Thureau-Dangin, Die sumerischen und akkadischen Königsinscriften (=VAB 1). Leipzig, 1907 Tabulae cuneiformes a F.M.Th. de Liagre Böhl collectae 1 - Leiden, 1954Ur Excavations. Oxford, London, and Philadelphia, 1926Ur Excavations, Texts. London, 1928E. Unger, Altorientalische Texte und Untersuchungen. Leiden, 1917 E. Unger, Sumerische und akkadische Kunst. Breslau, 1926 Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmäler der Königlichen Museen zu Berlin. Leipzig and Berlin, 1907C.B.F. Walker, Cuneiform Brick Inscriptions in the British Museum, the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, the City of Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, the City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. London, 1981 H. Winckler and E. Böhden, Altbabylonische Keilschrifttexte zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Leipzig, 1892 M. Witzel, Gudea. Inscriptiones: statuae A-L, cylindri A et B Rome, 1932 Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian Texts. New Haven, 1915Zeitschrift für Assyriologie. Berlin, 1886C. Zervos, L'art de la Mésopotamie de la fin du quatrième millénaire au XVe siècle avant notre ère. Paris, 1935

Other Abbreviations

c

cm col(s). dia. DN dupl. E Ea ED ed(s). ex(s).

fig(s).

frgm(s). GN MB n N NA n(n). NB no{s). NS OAkk. OB obv. OS P

P(P).

pl(s). PN reg. rev. RN S

w

var(s). vol(s).

collated

centimetre(s) column(s) diameter divine name duplicate east lexical series ea A - nâqu Early Dynastic editor(s) exemplar(s) figure(s) fragment(s) geographical name Middle Babylonian not collated north Neo-Assyrian note(s) Neo-Babylonian number(s) New Series Old Akkadian Old Babylonian obverse Old Series collated from photo page(s) plate(s) personal name registration reverse royal name south west variant(s) volume(s)

Between object numbers indicates physical join Indicates fragments from same object but no physical join


Object Signatures

When the same signature is used for more than one group, the first group in this list is meant unless otherwise indicated. For example, "A" always means the Istanbul collection unless stated otherwise.

A AO Ash BM CBS E§ FLP HSM IM LB MMA MN(B) NBC O TG U UCLMA VA W YBC

Asiatic Collection of the Oriental Institute, Chicago Collection of Antiquités Orientales of the Musée du Louvre, Paris Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford British Museum, London Babylonian Section of the University Museum, Philadelphia E§ki §ark Eserleri Miizesi of the Arkeoloji Miizeleri, Istanbul John Frederick Lewis collection of the Free Library of Philadelphia Collection of the Semitic Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Iraq Museum, Baghdad Tablets in the Liagre Böhl collection Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Musés Nationaux of the Musée du Louvre, Paris James B. Nies collection of the Yale University Library, New Haven Objects in the Section du Proche Orient of the Musées Royaux du Cinquantenaire, Brussels Prefix of field numbers from H. de Genouillac's excavation at Tello Prefix of excavation numbers from the British-American excavations at Ur, Iraq Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin Excavation numbers of the German excavations at Uruk/Warka Babylonian collection of the Yale University Library, New Haven


G U D E A A N D HIS D Y N A S T Y


Introduction

The sequence of rulers adopted in this volume is the same as that in Steible, NSBW, and is based on T. Maeda, ASJ 10(1988) 19-35: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Ur-Ningirsu I Pirig-me Lu-Bau (no inscriptions available, one year-formula) Lugula (no inscriptions available, one year-formula) Kaku (no inscriptions available, one year-formula) Ur-Bau Gudea Ur-Ningirsu II Ur-GAR Ur-ayabba (no inscriptions available, one year-formula) Ur-Mama Nammajjani

The chronological relation of the "Second Dynasty of Lagas" (cf. F. R. Kraus» ZA 50 [1952] 30 n. 2 end, for the definition of "dynasty" according to the Sumerian King List) to the Third Dynasty of Ur has not yet been settled. P. Steinkeller's proposal to see Gudea and his successors as contemporaries of the 18 + 48 years of Ur-Nammu and Šu1gi (JCS 40 [1988] 47-53) has again been challenged by F. Carroué (ASJ 16 [1994] 47-75), who argues (p. 72 f.) that the end of Gudea's reign must still precede the reign of Ur-Nammu, first king of Ur III. We do not propose to re-enter the chronological debate here. The corpus of inscriptions in this volume is to a large degree identical with that of Steible, NSBW. I have added, however, the Gudea Cylinders A and B and the cylinder fragments, and I have omitted all those anonymous "Lagas" inscriptions of Steible in which neither divine, personal, nor ex-voto names are preserved. The Cylinder inscriptions have been included although they are not, formally speaking, building or votive inscriptions, i.e., "royal inscriptions" in their strict definition (for which see, e.g., Edzard and Renger in RLA VII [1980-83] pp. 59-65 and 65-77, "Königsinschriften"). Note, however, that already in 1907, Thureau-Dangin included the texts among his SAK. The designations of the statues (A, B, etc.) have been kept for practical reasons. They are meaningful both to archaeologists and philologists, and any renaming would have created confusion. Apart from the statues, however, I have not followed Steible's numbering. My guiding principles are as follows. (1) Rulers' inscriptions are arranged by gods in alphabetical order (Bau, Enki, Enlil, etc.). (2) Within the inscription groups with a DN as guiding principle, complete inscriptions precede broken ones; building inscriptions precede votive inscriptions (type 1). Labels and captions come last. (3) Rulers' inscriptions are followed by inscriptions in which a third party dedicates an object to a deity on behalf ("for the life") of the ruler (votive inscriptions type 2); here again, DN's are the guiding principle. (4) At the end are votive inscriptions (type 1) of third parties and votive inscriptions of type 3. Definition of votive inscriptions: Ruler (or member of ruler's family) dedicates object to DN { - type 1); third party dedicates object to DN for ruler's (and own) life (= type 2); third party dedicates object to ruler (= type 3). The following table is meant to explain the arrangement of the Gudea inscriptions (a few minor inconsistencies were found only after the indexes and concordances had already been made):

3

4

Gudea 1-6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11,11a13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18-22: 23: 24: 25-29: 30: 31-34: 35: 36: 37-52: 53: 54: 55: 56-58: 59: 60: 61: 62-64:

Introduction

Bau, building inscr. Bau,? Dumuzi-abzu, building inscr. Enki, building inscr. Enlil, votive inscr. 1 Gatumdu, building inscr. ijendursanga, building inscr. yendursanga, ? Ig-alim, building inscr. Ig-alim, votive inscr. 1 Inanna, building inscr. Inanna, votive inscr. 1 Meslamta-ea, building inscr. Nanse, building inscr. Ninazu, building inscr. Nin-dara, votive inscr. 1 Nin-duba, building inscr. Nin-egala, votive inscr. 1 Ningirsu, building inscr. Ningirsu, ? Ningirsu, votive inscr. 1 Ningirsu, building + votive inscr. 1 Ningirsu, votive inscr. 1 Ningirsu,building + votive inscr. 1(?) Ningirsu, [?] Ningirsu, [votive inscr. 1] Ningišzida, building inscr.

65: 66: 67-68: 69: 70: 71-72: 73: 74-75: 76-78: 79: 80: 81: 82: 83: 84: 85-87: 88: 89: 90: 91: 92: 93: 94: 95: 96: 97: 98: 99: 100:

Ningiszida, caption Ningiszida, votive inscr. 1 Ninhursanga, building inscr. Nin-izi-mua, votive inscr. 1 Nin-MAR.KI, building inscr. Nin-subur, building inscr. Sul-saga, building inscr. [DN], building inscr. [DN], votive inscr. 1 [DN], votive inscr. 1 (Gudea ?) [DN], votive inscr. 1(?) [DN], votive inscr. 1 Label Caption [DN], [votive inscription 1]

[?]

[DN], [building inscr.] Bau, Lugal-durgar, votive inscr. 2 Bau, Nin-alla, votive inscr. 2 Gestin-anna, Zi-kalamma, votive inscr. 2 Bau, [PN], votive inscr. 2 Ig-alim, [PN], votive inscr. 2 Nin-egalla, [PN], votive inscr. 2 Nin-MAR.KI, [PN], votive inscr. 2 N[in-...], [PN], votive inscr. 2 [DN], [PN], votive inscr. 2 Ig-alim, Nin-alla, votive inscr, 1 N[in-...], Nin-alla, votive inscr. 1 Gudea, Lugal-agrigzi, votive inscr. 3

Whereas Steible still refers to Thureau-Dangin's and Falkenstein's citation system for bricks, clay cones, etc. (e.g., "Backstein A"), I saw no necessity to continue to refer to these labels in view of the enormous increase of material since Edzard et al, AnOr 29A (1978). The interested reader is advised to consult Steible. I have not endeavoured to collect inscriptions published after Steible's NSBW appeared. Nor did I look for more unpublished material. More inscriptions, mostly duplicates, but also new ones, are liable to turn up sooner or later anyhow. No collations of Steible's texts were made after the intensive work done by him and by H. Behrens, with the exception of Gudea Statue R (P. Steinkeller) and Gudea 53 (the author). I have, however, collated the fragments of the Gudea cylinders (see pp. 67-100). For inscriptions found on art objects, reference to bibliography is made abundantly, but in no way exhaustively. Preference has been given to high-quality photos and drawings. Photos are always quoted as "photo 1" etc., even if they are referred to as "figs." or "Abbildungen" in the respective publications. 1 tried to avoid confusion that might arise from the fact that some books (e.g., Moortgat, Art, or Spycket, Statuaire) have parallel numeration for figures and photos. Information from different authors about the material of an inscribed object is sometimes contradictory. In such cases, both (or all) notations are given. I am fully aware of the fact that in many cases a chemical analysis is highly recommended; cf. most recently, P. L. Kohl apud D. Collon, RLA VIII/3-4 (1994) 212-13, "Mineralien," note p. 213 left: "Terms such as alabaster, gypsum, and marble are frequently misused. Due to changes in terminology, vessels (and seals) which, in earlier publications are referred to as having been made of steatite are now said to be made of chlorite (Expedition [Fall 1975] 18-31)." Variants on bricks and clay cones have been indicated only when they are of philological or historical interest. Omission of individual signs, dittographies, and haplographies in mass production of written material can be expected as much as can modern printing errors. Steible provided complete notation of variants and may be consulted. Philological commentary has been kept to an absolute minimum in accordance with the policy of the RIM Project. The names of sanctuaries, or of parts of temples, have been translated whenever possible. Unfortunately, no certain translation can be offered for Ningirsu's é-ninnu. It is not a genitival compound, *"House of the Fifty," because it is never followed by the post-position -a(k). The easiest syntactical explanation would be "fifty houses," because in Sumerian cardinal numbers follow the object counted. It is not certain, however, whether this

5 Introduction is what was meant by the name. It may just as soon be an abbreviated name whose full form has been lost. Since a "literal" translation, that is, "house, fifty" or "House Fifty" (cf. W. Heimpel, JNES 46 [1987] 205 ff.), would not really explain the name, it has been left untranslated: Eninnu.1 The names of weapons and emblems have likewise been translated when possible, whereas divine names are mostly given in their original Sumerian form. We are following Jacobsen (1987) with the interpretation of AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN (ánzu.MUŠEN) as "Thunderbird."

. George, House Most High (1993), p. 134 no. 897, explains é-ninnu as "House of Fifty (White Anzu Birds)," referring to the extended form of the temple name. The number cannot, however, mean the birds, because it would have to stand after AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN.


Ur-Ningirsu I E3/L1.1

The offering list BM 18474, published by T. Maeda, ASJ 10 (1988) p. 19 and pp. 33-35 (copy and photo), names in line 2 ur-dnin-gir-su gu-la "UrNingirsu the Elder" as contrasted with ur-dnin-gír-su dumu-gù-dé-a "UrNingirsu, son of Gudea" in line 6. This led Maeda to prove the existence of two rulers by that name. The fictive Lagaš King List (of Old Babylonian date), published by E. Sollberger, JCS 21 (1967) pp. 279-91, makes one UrNingirsu the son of Ur-Nin-MAR.KI (see p. 282 line 195). Apart from his inscriptions, our only sources for the reign of Ur-Ningirsu I are year names: 1 : *mu ur-dnin-gír-su énsi "year: Ur-Ningirsu (became) ruler" 2: mu ur-dnin-gír-su énsi mu-ús-sa-bi "year: Ur-Ningirsu (became) ruler, following year" MVN 7 no. 512; Thureau-Dangin, RTC 207 a. mu šíta-ab-ba maš-e pà-da "year: the š. (priest), found by (means of) the sacrificial animal" MVN 7 nos. 392, 433, 464, 479; ThureauDangin, RTC 210 i 6; 211 b. mu 1ú-mah-dba-ú maš-e pà-da "year: the 1. (priest) of Bau, found by (means of) the sacrificial animal" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 210 i 8 c. mu išib-dnin-gír-su(-ka) (maš-e ì-pà-da) "year: the i. (priest) of Ningirsu (was found by (means of) the sacrificial animal)" MVN 7 nos. 23-26, 300, 511, 524 (with maš-e ì-pà-da) Year formula "a" is reflected in the incomplete text Ur-Ningirsu I 2. The composition of inscriptions in which several of the ruler's activities are listed ("Sammelinschriften") has an old tradition in the state of Lagas and can be traced back to king Ur-Nanse (cf. Sollberger, CIRPL Urn. 20, 22, etc.). Ur-Ningirsu I had a wife nin-NIGIN-e-si (see Ur-Ningirsu 14), and he was followed by his son Pirig-me.

1 Ur-Ningirsu I builds the É-MÍ-gi1-sa of Ninmarki. Provenance unknown; = Steible Urningirsu I. 4.

COMMENTARY YBC no. ?, bronze foundation peg. The upper portion of the peg is cast in the form of the head and torso of the ruler as a basket carrier (kanephoros). Van Buren,

Foundation Figurines p. 20 n. 1, erroneously refers to YOS 1 no. 9 as the same inscription, and she is followed by Rashid, Gründungsfiguren 1983 p. 24.

7

8

Ur-Ningirsu I E3/1.1.1.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1922 Gadd, JRAS 1922 p. 392 (copy), pp. 391-93 (edition) 1931 van Buren, Foundation Figurines fig. 15 (photo); p. 20 (study) 1971 Sollberger and Küpper, 1RS A I1C4e (translation)

1983 Rashid, Gründungsfiguren , pl. 21 no. 119 (drawing), p. 24 no. 119 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 126-27 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

nin-mar-[ki] munus-sa6-g[a] dumu-sag-dnan[se-ra] ur-dnin-g[ir-su] éns[i]1agaš.KI-[keJ é-MÍ-gi1-sa-ka-[ni] mu-na-dù

1 - 3 ) For Ninmar[ki], the beautiful woman, first daughter of Nanse, 4 - 6 ) Ur-Ning[irsu], ruler of Lagaš,

7 - 8 ) built [her] ... House.

2 Part of an inscription by Ur-Ningirsu I, commemorating building activities and the choosing of a priest ("Sammelinschrift"). Provenance unknown; = Steible Urningirsu I. 6.

COMMENTARY YBC 2128, fragmentary rectangular (or square) plaque; 17.7x15.2x6.3 cm. The plaque has a square hole in the middle, of which the edges are partially preserved. It can no longer be said to what extent the plaque was inscribed and how much space was devoted to figurative representation. The inscription is attributed

to Ur-Ningirsu (I) on the assumption that the act of choosing a šita-ab-ba priest for Nin-MAR.KI is the same as the one mentioned in the Ur-Ningirsu year formula of RTC no. 210 i' 6. We follow Steible in his attribution of the document to Ur-Ningirsu I rather than II.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1915 Clay, YOS 1 no. 29 (copy), p. 27 (partial translation)

1991 Steible, NSBW I pp. 127-32 (edition)

TEXT Col. i' 1') [mu]-na-pà 2') 3') 4') 5') 6')

[dla]mma-sa6-ga [dn]in-sún [digir]-ra-ni [é]-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni [m]u-na-dù

ï 1) For [..,] he found [the ... (priest by means of) the kid's (liver)]. i' 2 - 6 ) For the benevolent protective spirit, Ninsun, his [(personal) goddess], he built her [House] of the Shining City.

1 The reading of the name of the goddess has not yet been established beyond doubt. See M.R. Whiting, ZA 75 (1985), pp. 1-3, for original Nin-Mara, "Lady of Mar." But note M. Krebemik, ZA 76 (1986), p. 199, for dnin-MAR.GI4 in the Abu Sa1ābīkh god list (see A. Alberti, SEL 2 [1985], p. 11:201).

27 Ur-Ningirsu I E3/1.1.1.4 T) Col. Y) 2') 3') 4') 5') 6') 7') r)

i' 7) [For] Zazaru [he ...]

rdlza-za-ru ii' d [ú]r-nun-ta-è-a dum[u]-rd1nin-gír-su--ra é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-lnal-dù d nin-MAR.KI munus-sa6-ga šita-ab-ba maŠ-e mu-na-pà

ii' l'-4') For Urnunta-ea, Ningirsu's son, he built his House of the Shining City.

ii' 5 - 8 ' ) For Nin-MAR.KI, the beautiful woman, he found the sita-ab-ba (priest) by (means of) the sacrificial animal.

3 M. dedicates a marble tablet to Ninmarki on behalf of Ur-Ningirsu I. Provenance unknown; = Steible Urningirsu I. 3.

COMMENTARY Hermitage Museum no. 15633, marble tablet. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1915 Shileiko, VN, p. 18 no. VIII (copy)

1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 125-26 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

[nin]-mar-[ki] ininl-a-ni [n]am-ti ur-KInin-gír-[su] [é]ns[i][1]agaš.[KI]-ka-[šè] ME.DIM.S AL. [x] [x] SI 1x1 U[RI] [n]am-ti-1[a-ni-šè] (broken)

1-2) To [Nin]mar[ki], her(?) [lady], 3-9) M., the [dedicated (this object)] for the life of Ur-Ningir[su], ruler of Lagaš, (and also) [for her(?) (own)] life.

2i'5* "Houses" are specified either as "of Girsu" or "of the Shining City." I have taken the latter as a proper name, iri-kù had a wall of its own; see Gudea 5:12. In many instances where kù(-g) has been translated by "shining," "brand-new," and the like, "holy" has been suggested by other translators. No decision can be made as no general study on Sumerian adjectives is yet available. 2 i' 7' Zazaru also occurs in Gudea Cyl. B xi 4 , where she heads the list of seven of Ningirsu*s and Bau's daughters.

10

Ur-Ningirsu I E3/1.1.1.4

4 Ur-Ningirsu*s wife Nin-NIGIN-e-si dedicates a recumbent human-headed bull on behalf of her husband. From the Ebabbar temple of Larsa; Steible Urningirsu L 2.

COMMENTARY L.76.17, recumbent human-headed bull of soft greenish stone; length 15.4, width 5.2, height 7.8 cm. Votive inscription type 2. The inscription is on the left side of the bull. Lines 10 and 11 deviate from the standard formula, but the omission of -šè in line 10 may be due to

lack of space. For the exact findspot see Huot, Sumer 34 p. 104. The divine name d ba-Ú is read d ba-ú (instead of d baba6, d ba-wa x , or d ba-wu x ) as a matter of convention.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1978 Arnaud, Sumer 34 pp. 111-13 (edition) 1978 Huot, Sumer 34 pp. 104-10 (photos, study)

1978 Huot, Syria 55 pl. VI (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 124—25 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

d

lammaba-ú nin-a-ni nam-tiur-dnin-g£r-su énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè nin-NÌGIN-e-si dam-ni ù nam-ti-1a-ni a mu-na-ri(!) maš-da-ri-a-ba nin-gul0 hé-ma-zi-zi mu-bi

1-3) To the protective spirit of Bau, her lady,

d

4 - 1 1 ) Nin-NIGIN-e-si, his wife, dedicated (this object) for the life of Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagas, and also for her (own) life.

12-14) This votive gift is called "May my lady stand up (there)."

5 Ur-DUB dedicates a macehead to deity NN (name broken) on behalf of Ur-Ningirsu I. Provenance unknown; = Steible Urningirsu I. 5.

COMMENTARY YBC 2301, macehead of "soft, crumbling grey stone"; height 8 cm (?), diameter 10 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

11 Ur-Ningirsu I E3/1.1.1.4

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1937 Stephens, YOS 9 no. 13 (copy), p. 7 (study)

1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 127 (edition)

TEXT 1') 2') 3') 4') 5') 6') 7') 8')

rna]m-rtillurl-dnin-gir-r$ul énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè ur-DUB d[umu-x-x]-DU-ka-ke4 ù n[a]m-ti-l[a-n]i-šè [a mu-na-r]u

1 - 8 ' ) [To...] Ur-DUB, son of dedicated (this object) for the life of Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagaš, and also for his (own) life.

Ur-Lugal-edenna dedicates a stone plaque to Bau on behalf of Ur-Ningirsu I. Provenance unknown; = Steible Urningirsu I. 1.

COMMENTARY YBC 2162, stone plaque; 13x8x3.4 cm. Votive inscription type 2. The seal of the dedicator was published by

L. Delaporte, Catalogue des cylindres orientaux II (1920) pi. 5 no. 4,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1915 Clay, YOS 1 no. 8 (copy), pp. 7-8 (edition) 1948 Lambert, RA 42 p. 209 (study; reproduction of UrLugal-edenna's seal)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C4f (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 123-24 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

i [db]a-ú [nin]-a-ni [nam]-ti[ur-dnin]-gir-su [PA.TE].SIii lagaš.KI-ka-šè ur-dlugal-eden-na a-zu ù nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

i 1-2) To Bau, his lady, i 3-ii 4) Ur-Lugal-edenna, the physician, dedicated (this object) for the life of [Ur-Nin]girsu, ruler of Lagaš, and also for his (own) life.

Pirig-me E3/L1.2

Apart from his one inscription and a year formula (see below), nothing is known about Pirig-me, the son of Ur-Ningirsu I. mu en-Niginx(NINA).K[I] ba-gub-[ba] "year: the en (priest) of Nigin was installed(?)" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 183 (Pirig-mè in rev. 5') Thureau-Dangin, RTC 182:4' (no date formula preserved) also contains the name Pirig-[mè].

1 Pirig-me constructs a weir for Ningirsu. From Girsu; = Steible Pirigme 1.

CATALOGUE Museum number AO 15300 AO 15301

Ex. 1 2

Excavation number TG.823

Publication reference RA 41 p. 23 +fig.1 RA 41 p. 23 +fig.1

Object Brick Brick

Lines preserved 1-18 1-13

Type of inscription Building Building

COMMENTARY A third brick, T. 1005, is mentioned by Nougayrol, RA 41 p. 23 fn. 1. Ex. 2 looks like a palimpsest, having erasures in lines 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10. Note also that the

first case is blank and most of the dividing lines extend to the left and right. In line 18, the use of the verb AG (a 5 ) "to make" instead of dù "to build" is unexpected.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1947 Nougayrol, RA 41 pl. after p. 24 (photos), pp. 23-24 (edition) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 210-18 (study) 1965 Barrelet, Iraq 27 p. 108 (study)

1971 Sollberger and Küpper, IRSA I1C5a (translation with footnotes) 1991 Steible, NSBW I p. 133 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1fl-1á-ra

1-3) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior,

12

Pirig-me E3/1.1.2.1 4) pirig-mè 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI 7) dumu-ur-dnin-gir-su 8) énsi9) 1agaš.KI-ka-ke4 10) šà-ge-pà-da11) dnanše-ka-ke4 12) mu-pà-da13) dnin-gír-su-ka-ke4 14) dumu-tu-da15) dnin-sún-ka-ke4 16) ígiš-kéš-rál17) ÍD ur-sag-á-ni-a 18) mu-na-a5

13

4-15) Pirig-me, ruler of Lagaš, son of Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagas, chosen in the heart of Nanse, named by Ningirsu, child born of Ninsun,

16-18) constructed a weir at the Ursag-ani canal.

1 For the reading niginx (instead of nina) see J. Krecher, Festschrift Matous II (1978), p. 53.

Lu-Bau, Lugula, and Kaku E3/L 1.3-5

Three Lagas rulers are so far attested only with their initial year names: "year: PN (became) ruler." mu 1ú-dba-ú énsi MVN 6 nos. 80, 310; Thureau-Dangin, RTC 189 mu 1ú-gu-Ia énsi Cros, Tello p. 184 AO 4309; Charpin and Durand, DCS no. 40; ITT 4 no. 7103 = MVN 6 no. 102; Thureau-Dangin, RTC 190 mu ka-kù énsi MVN 10 no. 94; Thureau-Dangin, RTC 188 Their names are not to be found in the offering list BM 18474, used to reconstruct the sequence of the Lagaš rulers (see above, Ur-Ningirsu I). It is unknown whether Kaku, the father of Ninkagina, who is associated with Nammajiani (see Nammahani 7-9a, [10]), was identical with the ruler Kaku.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1966 Falkenstein, AnOr 30/1 pp. 5 and 15 (study) 1984 J.G. Westenholz, JNES 43 pp. 339^2 (study) 1987-90 Bauer, Lu-Bau, in RLA VII p. 106 (study)

1987-90 Bauer, Lu-gula, in RLA VII p. 158 (study) 1988 Maeda, ASJ 10 pp. 19 and 24 (study)

14

Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6 Ur-Bau was Gudea's predecessor and the father of Gudea's wife, Nin-alla (see Gudea 99). Another daughter of his, Nin-hedu, married Nammahani, Gudea's fifth successor (see Nammahani 5 and 17). A third daughter of UrBau, whose name is not preserved, dedicated a statuette to Ur-GAR (see UrGAR 2). In his Sammelinschrift on a statue (Ur-Bau 5), Ur-Bau meticulously describes the preparations leading to the building of the Eninnu sanctuary (ii 4-iii 7), thereby stylistically evoking the detailed descriptions made by Gudea (Statue B iii 12-v 20, C ii 20-iii 10, E ii 14-iii 15, etc.).

1 Ur-Bau builds Bau's temple of the Shining City. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 3.

CATALOGUE Museum number

Ex. 1 2 3-5

Excavation number TG 2004

IM 22086/2.3 See Steible p. 142

Publication reference FT II pl. XLVII See Edzard

Object Brick Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preserved 1-10 1-10 1-10

Type of inscription Building

COMMENTARY Ex. 2 has nin for munus in line 2 and nin for dumu in line 3.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63c (edition of ex. 3) 1936 de Genouiliac, FT II pi. XLVII (copy of ex. 1) 1957 Edzard, Sumer 13 pp. 174 and 179 (study of ex. 2, 4-5)

1960 Aynard, RA 54 p. 13 (study of ex. 3 ) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 141—42 (edition)

TEXT i) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

ba-ú munus-sa6-ga dumu-an-na-ra ur-dba-ú énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 dumu-tu-dad nin-á-ga1-ka-ke„

1-3) An, 44-8) - 8 ) Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, child born of Nin-agala,

15

34 Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12 é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù

9-10) built her House of the Shining City.

2 Ur-Bau builds Enki's temple. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 4.

COMMENTARY AO 99» door socket. Length 52 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 27 no. 2 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63e (edition)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C2d (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 142^t3 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

en-ki lugal-a-ni ur-dba-u énsi1agaš.KI dumu-tu-dad nin-á-ga1-ka-ke4 é-a-ni mu-na-dù

1-2) For Enki, his master,

3-7) Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas, child born of Nin-agala,

8-9) built his House.

3 Ur-Bau builds Ningirsu's temple. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 6.

COMMENTARY Ex. 3 measures 27x15x7 cm.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Publication reference

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1 2 3

AO 26687 AO? CBS 9020

de Sarzec II, pi. 37 no. 1 de Sarzec II, pi. 37 no. 2 See Behrens, JCS 37 p. 230

Brick Brick Brick

1-8 1-8 1-8

Building Building Building

17 Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 37 nos. 1-2 (photos) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 61-62b (edition)


TEXT U

1)

2) 3) 4) 5)

6)

7) 8)


nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á-ra ur-dba-ú énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-a-ni mu-na-dù

4-6) Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš,


Ur-Bau restores the Eninnu of Ningirsu. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 7.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number


—

TG 3016 TG 3144

AO 100

—

Unpubl. Unpubl. Unpubl. de Sarzec ll t pi. 38 centre left See Steible pp. 145-46

1 2 3 4

—

5-455

_

_

Object Brick Brick Door socket Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preserved

_

—

1-12 —

Type of inscription Building Building Building Building Building

COMMENTARY The inscription is arranged partly in one column, partly in two ( 9 + 3 lines).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 38 center left (photo)

1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK p. 62d (edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 145-47 (edition)

TEXT Col. i d 1) nin-gir-su 2) ur-sag-kal-ga3) den-1fl-1á-ra

i 1-3) For Ningirsu, EnliTs mighty warrior,

Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.4

18 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Col. 1) 2) 3)

i 4 - 8 ) Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, child born of Ninagala,

ur-^ba-ú énsi1agaš.KI dumu-tu-dad nin-á-ga1-ka-ke4 níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è ii é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni mu-na-dù ki-bé mu-na-gi4

i 9) made things function as they should, ii 1-3) (and) he built and restored for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird.

5 Statue with inscription by Ur-Bau, commemorating building activities (Sammelinschrift). From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 1.

COMMENTARY AO 9, diorite statue, standing, with clasped hands; partly damaged; head missing. Height 68 cm. The inscription is on the back.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pp. IV-VI (copy), pis. 7-8 (photos of front, back; back enlarged) 1892 Winckler and Böhden, ABK no. 5 (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 60-6la (edition) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 177 (photo of front) 1948 Parrot, Tello pl. X c (photo of front and back)

1961 1963 1966 1969 1978 1991

Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C2a (translation) Kramer, The Sumerians pp. 326-27 (translation) Falkenstein, Orientalia NS 35 pp. 230-32 (study) Moortgat, Art photo 164 (front) Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pl. 116 (photo of front) Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 134-40 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

i d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á-ra ur-dba-ú énsilagaš.KI dumu-tu-dad nin-á-ga1-ka-ke4 šà-ge-pà-da-dnanše-ke4 á-sum-ma-rd1nin-gír-su-ka-ke4 [m]u-du10-sa4'(=NÁ)-a-[d]ba-ú-ke4 d 12) [géšt]u-sum-ma- en-ki-ka-ke4 Col. ii 1ú inim-ma sè-ga-dinanna-ke4 urdu-ki-ág-d1uga1-URU x GÁNA-tenû 2) ki-ág-ddumu-zi-abzu-ka-ke4 3)

i 1-3) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior,

i 4-12) I, Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas, child born of Ninagala, chosen in the heart of Nanse, to whom Ningirsu gave strength, whom Bau called by a favourable name, to whom Enki gave wisdom,

ID 1)

ii 1-3) the one assigned to the orders of Inanna, beloved slave of Lugal-U., the beloved of Dumuziabzu —

19 Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Col. 1)

ur-dba-ú-me nin-gír-su luga[l]-gul0 k[i x x x] kùš [m]u-na-[b]a-a1 sahar-bi za-gim mu-bulx ( ZAR ) -bulx kù-gim izi ì-1á Iii nínda-gim ki-dagal-la bí-gub

2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12)

sahar-bi šà-ba im-ši-gi4 uš DÉ-bi mu-a5 uguX(REC 193)-bi-a ki-sá-a 10:kùš-àmbí-dù uguX(REC 193)-ki-sá-a-ka é-ninnu ánzu.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6 30-kùš-àm mu-na! -dù d nin-hur-sag ama-digir-re-ne-ra iv é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù d ba-ú munus~sa6-ga dumu-an-na-ra é-iri-kù-ga-ka-nÌ mu-na-dù d inanna nin-kù-nun-na-ra é-URU x GÁNA-tenû.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù d en-ki 1uga1-eridu.KI-ra é-gir-su.KI-ka-ni V mu-na-dù d nin-dar-a 1uga1-uruI6-ra é-ni mu-na-dù d nin-á-ga1 digir-ra-ni é-a-ni mu-na-dù d nin-MAR.KI munus-sa6-ga dumu-sag-dnanše-ra èš-gú-tùr é šà-ge pà-da-ni mu-na-dù vi [den-sig-nun] sip[a-anše-dnin]-gír-[su-ka-ra] é-ANŠE. [DUN]-ùr-ka-[ni] mu-na-dù d geštin-an-na nin-gú-a-si-a-ra é-gir-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù d dumu-zi-abzu nin-ki-nu-nir.KI-ra é-gir-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

d

ii 4 - 8 ) for Ningirsu, my master, I, Ur-Bau, excavated a [1arge(?)] (building) plot [x] cubits deep: its earth I sifted like gems, I purified it as if it were silver,

iii 1) I spread it out over a wide area as with a seeding funnel. iii 2) This earth (then) I returned from there. iii 3) I piled up its foundation. iii 4-7) Over it I built a retaining wall, 10 cubits (in height), and over the sustaining wall I built for him the Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, 30 cubits (in height). 8) For Ninhursanga, the mother of the gods, iv 1-2) I built her House of Girsu. iv 3-7) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, I built her House of the Shining City.

iv 8-10) For Inanna, the lady of the kunun (sanctuary), I built her House of U. iv 11-v 1 ) For Enki, the lord of Eridu, I built his House of Girsu.

v 2-3) For Nin-dara, powerful lord, I built his House. v 4-7) For Nin-agala, my (text: his) (personal) goddess, I built her House.

v 8-12) For Nin-MAR.KI, the beautiful woman, first daughter of Nanše, I built her ... sanctuary, the House chosen by her heart.

vi 1^4) For [Ensignun], Ningirsu's [donkey]-herd, I built his House for the stallions.

vi 5-8) For Gestin-anna, the lady House of Girsu.

I built her

vi 9-12) For Dumuzi-abzu, the lady of Kinunir, I built her House of Girsu.

51T—Hi 7 The interpretation of this passage owes much to P. Steinkeller. 5 î v 8 kunun was the name of Inanna *s dwelling in URUxGÁNA-tenû. The epithet "lady of k." occurs as a divine name in Ur-Bau 6 iii

1.

Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12

20

6 Stone tablet with inscription by Ur-Bau, commemorating building activities (Sammeltafel). From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 8.

COMMENTAIT AO 261, marble tablet. Height 18 cm. Only the obverse is inscribed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 8 b i s no. 2 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63f (edition)

1931 Contenau, Manuel II p. 704 fig. 493 (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 147-48 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)

i d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á-ra ur-dba-ú énsi1agaš.KI dumu-tu-dad nin-á-ga1-ka-ke4 ii é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-barrra-ni mu-na-dù é-ANŠE.DUN.ÙR-ka-ni mu-na-dù d ba-ú munus-sa6-ga dumu-an-na-ra é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù iii d nin-kù-nun-na-ra é-URU x GÁNA-tenû.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù d en-ki 1uga1-a-ni é-a-ni mu-na-dù d nin-á-ga1 digir-ra-ni é-a-ni mu-na-dù

i 1-3) For Ningirsu, EnliFs mighty warrior,

i 4 - 8 ) Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, child born of Ninagala,

ii 1-2) built his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, ii 3^4) (and) he built his House of the donkeystallions. ii 5-9) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, he built her House of the Shining City.

iii .1-3) For Nin-kununna he built her House of U.

iii 4-7) For Enki, his lord, he built his House.

iii 8-11) For Nin-agala, his (personal) goddess, he built her House.

21 Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12

7 Ur-Bau dedicates a macehead to Ig-alim. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 13.

COMMENTARY AO 271 B, macehead of light marble, partly preserved. 4.7x5.5 cm. Votive inscription type 1. The attribution to Ur-Bau is not beyond doubt.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 152-53 (edition), 2 pl. I (photos)

TEXT

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

rd

igl-[alim] lugal-a-rnP rurUTba-ú1 é[ns]r [nam]-ti-1a-ni-šè [a m]u-na-ru

1-6) To Ig-alim, his lord, Ur-[Bau], ruler , dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

8 Ur-Bau dedicates a bowl to the Protective spirit of Tarsirsir. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 5.

COMMENTARY O. 777, bowl of black and white stone ("petit vase," see de Genouillac, RA 10 (1913) p. 102). Votive inscription type 1. In line 8, -šè has been omitted in de

Genouillac's copy (collated by D. Homès-Fredericq, see Steible, NSBW 1 p. 143).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1913 de Genouillac, RA 10 pp. 101-102 no. 3 (copy, study) 1936 Speleers, Bulletin des Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire 8/4 p. 96 (photo)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C2c (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 143^4 (edition)

22

Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12 TEXT

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

lammatar-sír-sír-ra ur-dba-ú énsilagas.KI dumu-tu-dad nin-á-ga1-ka-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè* a mu-na-ru

1-2) To the protective spirit of Tarsirsir, 3-9) Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, child born of Nin-agala, dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

9 Ur-Bau dedicates a stone vessel to a deity (name broken). From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 10.

COMMENTARY AO 12775 (TG 2182), fragment of stone vessel. Diameter 9.7 cm. Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 130 (catalogue), pl. XLI (copy)


TEXT

1') 2') 3') 4')

[ur-d]rbal-u [én]si1agašJKII-k[eJ rnaml-[ti-Ia-ni-sè] (broken)

[To ..., Ur]-Bau, ruler of Lagas, [dedicated (this object) for his (own)] life.

10 A stone vessel is dedicated for Ur-Bau's life. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 9.

COMMENTARY AO 26650, fragment of alabaster vessel. 6.8x7.2x0.9 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

$2 The meaning of the name of Bau's house is still unclear. Cf. A. George, House Most High (1993), pp 148^9.

23

Ur-Bau E3/L1.6.10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 149 (edition),

2 pl. I (photo)

TEXT 1') 2') 3') 4') 5) 6')

na[m-ti]ur-dba-u éns[i]1agaš.K[I]-ka-[šè] 1uga1-k[a-gi-na(?)] rá-[gaba(?)] (broken)

1 - 6 ' ) [To ...], Luga1-k[agina(?)], the runner (?), [dedicated (this object)] for the life of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas ([and (also) for his (own) life.])

11 Ur-Enlila dedicates a stone bowl to Bau for the life of Ur-Bau. From Girsu; = Steible Urbaba 2.

COMMENTARY AO 211, marble bowl, only one half preserved. Height 9 cm. Votive inscription type 2. Cols, i and ii follow each

other from right to left and are separated by the space of one case.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884—1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 26 no. 1 a-b (photos) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63g (edition) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 145 with n. 17 (study)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C2b (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 141 (edition)

TEXT

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

id

ba-u dumu-an-na-ra nam-tiur-dba-ú énsi-

Ìagaš.KI-ka-šè

ii

da-bi-DU.DU ù nam-tidam dumu-na-šè ur-den-lfl

a mu-na-ru

i 1—2) To Bau, daughter of An, i 3—ii 4) Ur-Enlila, the dedicated (this object) for the life of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas, and (also) for the life of his (own) wife and children.

24

Ur-Bau E3/1.1.6.12

12 Label of En-anne-padda, priestess of the Moon god at Ur and daughter of Ur-Bau. From Ur; = Steible Urbaba 12.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number

Publication rcfcrcncc

Objccl

BM 116445

U. 244

BM 116457 U. 2 4 5

U, 245

Steible, NSBW 2 pi. XX Steible, NSBW 2 pi. XX

Fragment limestone Fragment limestone

of bowl of bowl

Lines preserved 1-6 [ 1-3 1

Type of inscription Label

Label

COMMENTARY The inscription is an extended version of Ur-Bau 13. In Gadd, UET 1 no. 25, both Ur-Bau 12 and 13 have been joined in a composite copy with indication of variants.

Woolley, UE 6 p. 86» gives as measurements: length 13 cm, width 10 cm, thickness 2.2 (Woolley "22") cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1928 Gadd, UET 1 no. 25 (composite copy of Ur-Bau 12 and 13) 1956 Woolley, UE 4 p. 168 (study)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

[e]n-an-né-pà-da en-dnanna [SAL.NUNUZ].ZI.AN.NANNA [da]nr-dnanna [dumu-u]r-dba-ú [PA].T[E.SI](broken)

1974 Woolley, UE 6 p. 86 (catalogue) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 151-52 (edition), 2 pl. XX (copies)

1 2 ex. 1 1-6) En-anne-padda, en priestess of Nanna, lirru priestess, Nanna's [wif]e(?), [daughter] of Ur-Bau, ruler [of Lagaš].

T E X T 12 ex. 2 1) 2) 3)

en-a[n-né]-p[à-da] en-A[N.nanna] SAL.NUNUZ.Z[I.AN.NANNA] (broken)

25 U r - B a u E 3 / 1 . 1 . 6 . 1 2

13 L a b e l o f E n - a n n e - p a d d a ( s e e U r - B a u 1 2 ) . F r o m Ur; = S t e i b l e U r b a b a 11.

C A T A L O G U E

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number


1

BM 117146

U.1455

Steible, NSBW 2 pi. XIX

2

BM 116446

U.273

Steible, NSBW 2 pi. XIX

3

BM 118558

U.6361

4

IM 1170

U.6776 B

Steible. NSBW 2 pi. XIX See Steible, NSBW 1 p. 150

Object

Measurements

Unes preserved

Type of inscription

Vessel fragment, black stone with white dots Vessel fragment, black stone with white dots Vessel fragment, white limestone Alabaster vase

6.1x3.4 cm

1-5 [

Label

7x6.5x1 cm

1-4 [

Label

—

1-5 [

Label Label

C O M M E N T A R Y A s p u b l i c a t i o n r e f e r e n c e s , o n l y S t e i b l e c a n b e q u o t e d ; for G a d d ' s c o m p o s i t e c o p y , cf. U r - B a u 12. Our transliteration f o l l o w s e x . 3 ( S t e i b l e ' s Urbaba 11 C ) .

B I B L I O G R A P H Y 1956 Woolley, UE 4 p. 168 (study of ex. 2), p. 171 (study of ex. 3 ) , p. 173 (study of ex. 4 ) 1964 Woolley, UE 6 p. 87 (study of ex. 2), p. 95 (study of ex. 1)

1976 Woolley and Mallowan, UE 7 p. 59 (study of ex. 3), p. 225 (study of ex. 4 ) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 150-51 (edition), 2 pl. XIX (copies)

T E X T 1)

ïen-an-nél-pà-da

1 - 5 ) En-anne-padda, en priestess of Nanna, daughter

2)

en-dnanna

of U r - B a u , ruler o f L a g a š .

3)

dumu-ur-dba-u

4)

énsi-

5)

riagaš.KI1 (broken)

Gudea Gudea is not only the most remarkable ruler of the "Second Dynasty of Lagaš," but one of the outstanding personalities of ancient Near Eastern history in general. Our modern judgment is based both on the enormous corpus of his original inscriptions and on the highly individual contents of his two cylinder inscriptions and several of his statue inscriptions. Though not deified during his lifetime (Gudea's name is never written with the divine determinative in contemporary documents), dgù-dé-a was honoured, after his death, as a god when offerings were made to him at the "place of libations" (ki-a-nag, literally "place that makes drink water") or when seals were dedicated to dgù-dé-a. W. Sallaberger has shown, however, that the distinction between ancestor worship (name not necessarily written with the god sign — see, for example, Ur-Ningirsu I for BM 18474) and actual deification (name spelled with god sign) was a fluid one (see Sallaberger, Kalender I 94 with more information on Gudea worship; also, ibid., pp. 278, 281-82, 290-95, 299, 306, 310). Two cylinder seals were dedicated to divine Gudea: dgù-dé-a, énsi-, 1agaš.KI, ur-dšár-ùr-ra, dumu-ur-dsuen "Gudea, ruler of Lagaš: Ur-šarurra, son of Ur-Suena" (ITT 2 no. 4216 and 5 no. 9827); 1ú-ddumu-zi, dumu-ma-ni, SILA.SU.DUg-, dgù-dé-a "Lu-Dumuzi, son of Mani, cupbearer of Gudea" (Limet, Textes sumériens p. 21 no. 19). Both dedications were clearly posthumous, the dates of the sealed tablets being Amar-Suena 6 and Š0Suen 9. A third seal inscription omits the god sign: gù-dé-a, énsi-, Lagaš.KI, 1ú-[...], sa12-[du5], urdu-zu "Gudea, ruler of Lagas: Lu-[...], the registrar, is your slave" (ITT 2 p. 31 no. 839 and p. 33 no. 858, the latter dated AmarSuena 8). In Cyl. B i 15, in context with a prayer, Gudea is called énsi-ke4 digir-irina-ke4, "the ruler, the (personal) god of his city," which reminds us of Naräm-Suen's title il Akkade, "(personal) god of Akkade" (see RIME 2 p. 173). Gudea is most probably seen here as the mediator between his people and the city god; the idea may be that of a tutelary deity, which, however, does not necessarily imply real lifetime deification. At least, as was already said, there is no evidence for his receiving offerings as a living ruler, and the graphic mark of deification, the god sign preceding the name, was absent during Gudea's life. Gudea is mentioned in the "Nanse Hymn" as the protégé of Nanse (see W. Heimpel, JCS 33 [1981] pp. 67-68, 84 lines 37-41). He was most probably remembered, though not mentioned by his name, when the composer of the didactic poem Lugale (van Dijk, Lugale; RLA VII [1987-90] 134-36), lines 475-78, says (as part of Ninurta's blessing the diorite stone): "When the king (= Gudea ?) who "sets" his name for long days (to come) fashions those statues for future days, when he places them at the libation place in the Eninnu, the house filled with rejoicing, may you (= the diorite) then be present for that purpose as befits you" (van Dijk, Lugale I pp. 112— 13,11 pp. 130-31). There is relatively little information in Gudea's inscriptions on the political situation of his state. Only once is reference made to a conflict with the hereditary foes Ansan and Elam (see Statue B vi 64-69). Umma is never mentioned. The year formulae refer to building activity and cultic events. Foreign relations, at least according to the information of our corpus, were trade-oriented since enormous quantities of building materials and precious goods had to be imported for Gudea's ambitious projects. It goes without saying that our texts do not state how these imports were to be paid for, but they were certainly neither booty nor foreign tribute.

26

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StA The sequence of Gudea's year names (not yet restored beyond all doubt) cannot be discussed here in detail. Nor can we be sure that all of Gudea's year names have already been recovered. We follow — for mere convention — the numbering given by Gomi and Sigrist in Comprehensive Catalogue of Published Ur III Tablets (1991) pp. 317-18. For earlier discussion note, among others, E. Sollberger, AfO 17 (1954-56) pp. 33-34, A. Falkenstein, AnOr 30 (1966) pp. 8 - 9 , and T. Maeda, ASJ 10 (1988) pp. 19-35. No attempt at quoting complete references has been made. 1. 2.

3.

4.

mu gù-dé-a énsi "year: Gudea (became) ruler"; Kramer Anniversary p. 81 no, 7. mu ID dnin-gir-su-usumgal ba-ba-al-la "year: the canal 'Ningirsu, the dragon' was dug" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 201:3'; ITT 4, 8001 = MVN 7 no. 397 (given as year "4" on p. 17); ITT 4, 8026 = MVN 7 no. 478. mu balag usumgal-kalam-ma ba-dim-ma "year: the harp 'Dragon of the Land' was fashioned" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 201:7'; ITT 4, 8065 = MVN 7 no. 458 (given as year "4-5" on p. 17); Kramer Anniversary p. 81 no. 7. mu sig4-dni[n-gír-su]-ka ù-šub-I"ba bal-gar-[ra] "year: the brick of Ni[ngirsu] was laid in the brick mold" Kramer Anniversary p. 81 no. 8.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Possibly identical with mu GIŠ.u5-šub-ba ba-dím "year: the brick mold was fashioned" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 109 r. 1 (but note Falkenste in's reservations in AnOr 30 p. 8 n. 2). mu sig4-dni[n-gir-su-ka] ús-sa "year: the brick of Nifngirsu], following (year)" Kramer Anniversary p. 81 no. 9. mu giš-šár-ùr-ra ba-dù-a "year: the wooden (shaft) of the (weapon) Mow-down-a-myriad was made" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 201 r. 3. mu NUNUZ ZA BU ÏKA1 "year: " Thureau-Dangin, RTC 201 r. 11. mu ni[n-digir ...] "year: the prie[stess of ...]" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 199: 1'; r. 2'. mu šíta-sag-ninnu-dnin-gír-su-ka ba-dim-ma "year: Ningirsu's mace with fifty heads was fashioned" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 199:3'; r. 3'; 193 r. 4; 194 r.3; ITT 4, 8068 = MVN 7 no. 461; ITT 4, 8019 = MVN 7 no. 415. mu é-dnin-dar-a ba-dù-a "year: the house of Nin-dara was built" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 199: 4'; 195 r. 3; ITT 4, 6860; ITT 4, 7565 = MVN 6 no. 536; MVN 3 no. 115. mu mi-i-tum-sag-ninnu ba-dim-ma "year: the (weapon) m. with fifty heads was fashioned" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 199:5'; r. 3'; see MVN 6 p. 18^ Gudea 11 and MVN 7 p. 17 Gudea 11. mu GIŠ.gu-za-dnanše ba-dim-ma "year: Nanse's throne was fashioned" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 200 iv 10; ITT 4, 7996 = MVN 7 no. 393. [mu] gu-za-1á-dnin-gír-su "[year]: Ningirsu's chair carrier" ThureauDangin, RTC 243 r. 2 (attribution to Gudea uncertain according to Falkenstein, AnOr 30 p. 9). mu é-dgá-tùm-dU|0 ba-dù-a "year: the house of Gatumdu was built" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 205 r. 4; ITT 4, 8018 = MVN 7 no. 414 (given as year "2" on p. 17). mu é ba-gára ba-dù-a "year: the house (of) Bagara was built" Thureau-Dangin, RTC 212; ITT 4, 7988 = MVN 7 no. 385 (given as year "14" on p. 17). See MVN 6 p. 18 Gudea "14" and MVN 7 p. 17 Gudea "14". mu 1ugaI-ba-gára é-a ba-(KI)-ku4 "year: the Lord of Bagara entered the house" MVN 15 no. 125 (correct the transliteration on p. 24).

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StA mu 1uga1-ba-gára Sigrist, Messenger Texts no. 206 (given as "16/17"). 17. mu d1uga1-ba-gára é-a ku4-ra ús-sa "year: the Lord of Bagara entered the house, following (year)" UET 3 no. 291. Several year names can be related to events commemorated in Gudea's inscriptions: Year 3: The harp "Dragon of the Land" is mentioned in Cyl. A vi 24 and vii 24. Year 4: Gudea's rebuilding of the Eninnu for Ningirsu was an event that would hardly have escaped mention in a year formula. Year 6: Since šarur is already mentioned in Cyls. A (ix 24, xv 23, xxii 20) and B (vii 19, viii 2) — note also Statue B v 37 — the year name probably refers to repairing rather than to fashioning the weapon. Year 10: Cf. Gudea 31. Year 14: Cf. Gudea 11, 11a, 12, 13. Gudea was eager to do justice to as many members as possible in the local pantheon of his city-state of Lagaš as well as in the superimposed Nippur pantheon. His inscriptions are directed to no less than twenty-one deities: Bau, Dumuzi-abzu, Enki, Enlil, Gatumdu, Geštin-anna, Hendursanga, Ig-alim, Inanna, Meslamta-ea, Nanse, Nin-azu, Nin-dara, Nin-duba, Nin-egalla, Ningirsu, Nin-gišzida, Nin-hursanga, Nin-MAR.KI, Nin-subur, Šu1-šaga. Gudea appears to us as an extremely remarkable character for several reasons. Cylinders A and B are so full of architectural description and building terminology that a keen interest of the ruler in technical matters seems to be an inescapable conclusion. In fact, it cannot be by chance that Gudea, and, to the best of our knowledge, only Gudea, had himself represented in the guise of an architect (see Statues B and F). Whether we see a ruler's concern for social justice and for harmonious life within a city during a period of building activity as a reflex of reality or rather as a set of stereotyped phrases (cf. Edzard, in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im Alten Vorderasien, ed. J. Harmatta and G. Komoröczy [1976] 145-56), Gudea certainly is the first one in Sumerian literature to stress these matters at great length and with details not attested elsewhere (see Statue B iii 15-iv 6; v 1-11; vii 26-46; Cyl. A xii 21-xiii 11; Cyl. B xvii 18—x viii 13). Whoever was the "author" of the Gudea cylinder inscriptions, his brilliant Sumerian style must reflect a highly gifted and interested patron. It is not without reason that Gudea's language appears to us as literary Sumerian at its zenith. The full gamut of poetic art and rhetoric is displayed. A study of the art of Sumerian composition has yet to be written. For the time being, Falkenste in's stylistic analysis (AnOr 30 pp. 181-87) is unparalleled.

[Additional note: For the discussion of the internal chronology of Gudea's reign see also F. Carroué, ASJ 16 (1994) pp. 47-75 and his forthcoming contribution in ASJ 18 (1996): La chronologie interne du reigne de Gudea. Partie I.]

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StA

Inscriptions on Statues Statue A Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Ninhursanga. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 8, "Petite statue debout." Statue of dark green diorite, standing, with clasped hands; head missing, Inscription on right shoulder (caption) and on upper

front part of garment. Height 124 cm, width (between shoulders) 46 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 134-35 (study), II pp. VI-VII (copy), pl. 15 no. 5 (photo of caption), pi. 20 (photo of front) 1 9 0 7 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 66-70a (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 160 (study), pi. Xllla (photo of front) 1951 Lambert and Tournay, RA 45 pp. 49-66 (edition, study) 1 9 6 0 Slrommenger, Bagh. Mitt. I p. 64 (study), pi. 16 no. 1 (photo of front) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 256 (front) 1973 Jacohsen, Orientalia NS 42 pp. 277-79 (transliteration, translation)

1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 53 (front) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A pp. 4*-5* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 7-8 (study), pis. l^t (photos: front, right and left sides, back) 1 9 8 0 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 377 (front) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 121-22 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 154-56 (edition), 2 pp. 3-5 (commentary) 1994 Steible, MDOG 126 (1994), pp. 81-104 (study)

TEXT Caption 1) gù-dé-a 2) énsi3) 1agaš.KI 4) lu é-ninnud 5) nin-gír-su-ka 6) in-dù-a Col. i 1) nin-hur-sag 2) nin iri-da mú-a 3) ama-dumu-dumu-ne 4) nin-a-ni 5) gù-dé-a 6) énsi7) lagas.KI-ke4 8) é-iri-gir-su.KI-ka-ni 9) mu-na-dù

1-6) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, who built the Eninnu of Ningirsu.

i 1-4) For Ninhursanga, the lady who has grown in one with the City, mother of all the children, his lady, i 5-9) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her House of the City of Girsu.

30 Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

Gudea E3/1.L7.StA ii dub-šen(REC 429)-kù-ga-ni mu-na-dím GIŠ .dúr-gar-mah-nam-nin-ka-ni mu-na-dím é-mah-ni-a mu-na-ni-ku4(REC 145) kur má-gan.KI-ta iii NA4.esi im-ta-e,, a1an-na-ni-šè mu-tu nin an-ki-a nam-tar-re-dè d nin-tu ama-digir-re-ne-ke4 gù-dé-a iv 1Ú-é-dù-a-ka nam-ti-1a-ni mu-sù mu-šè mu-na-sa4 é-a mu-na-ni-ku4(REC 145)

ii 1-5) He made for her her shining treasure box(?), he made for her her lofty seat befitting (her) as a queen, and he had them brought to her into her Huge House. ii 6) From the mountain of Magan iii 1-3) he brought down diorite, and he fashioned it into a statue of himself. iii 4-7) "The lady who makes firm decisions for heaven and earth, Nintu, mother of the gods, let Gudea, iv 1-4) who built the House, have a long life" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for her sake, and he brought it to her into (her) house.

Statue B Gudea fashions a statue of himself, seated, in the guise of an architect, and dedicates it to Ningirsu. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 2, "Architecte au plan." Statue of dark green diorite, sitting on a seat, hands clasped; on the lap a board with ground plan, measuring scales, and stylus; head

missing. Inscription covers whole statue except the arms, shoulders, chest, feet, and socle. Height 93 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 138-40 (study), II 1907 1932 1935 1948 1960 1961 1978 1978

pp. VII-XV (copy), pi. 15 no. 1 (photo of ground plan), pis. 16-19 (photos: back, left side, front, right side) Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 66-77 (edition) Witzel, Gudea (copy) Zervos, L'art p. 182 (photo of left side) Parrot, Tello p. 161 (study), pl. XIV b, d (photo of front and ground plan) Stommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 64 (study) Parrot, Sumer photo 253 (front and right side) Edzard, et al., AnOr 29A pp. 5*-ll* (list of text references) Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 10 (study), pis. 19-22 (photos: front, back, left side, ground plan)

1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 380 (front and right side) 1981 Spycket. Statuaire p. 193 (study) 1982 André-Leicknam, Naissance de récriture p. 226 no. 168 (study and photo of front and right side) 1983 Römer inVeenhof, Schrijvend Verleden (Leiden) pp. 1015 (study) 1987 Averbeck, A Preliminary Study of Ritual and Structure in the Cylinders of Gudea pp. 713-36 (edition) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 122-24 (study) 1991 Hrouda, Der Alte Orient p. 258 (photo of right side and front) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 156-79 (edition), 2 pp. 6-38 (commentary) 1994 Steible, MDOG 126, pp. 81-104 (study)

S t A iii 2 Here and elsewhere it is not certain, and cannot be decided on spelling alone, whether alan-na-ni is to be analysed as alanani "his statue" or as alan-na-(a)ni "his stone statue." S t A Hi 4 The idea conveyed the compound verb nam tar is traditionally taken to be "to decide (someone's) fate," "to determine (someone's) destiny." Our alternative interpretation is principally due to doubts whether Sumerian thought and religion already were familiar with a predecessor of Greek moira; it is, more specifically, based on a passage in "Inanna's Descent to the Nether World" (line 262) where Ereskigal addresses Enki's two comical creatures and where only "to make a firm promise" or "to grant a wish" makes sense.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB

31

TEXT Col. i (caption on back) é-dnin-gír-su 1) lugal-na-ta 2) alan-gù-dé-a 3) énsi4) 1agaš.KI 5) 1ú é-ninnu 6) in-dù-a-ke4 7) 1 sì1a kaš 8) 1 sì1a ninda 9) 10) 1/2 sì1a zì-dub-dub 11) 1/2 sì1a níg-àr-ra-ZIZ. AN 12) sá-dun-ba gá1-1a-àm 13) énsi 14) inim bí-íb-gi4-gi4-a 15) me-dnin-gir-su-ka 16) ba-ni-íb-1á-a 17) sá-dun-na 18) é-dnin-gir-su-ka-ta 19) inim hé-éb-gi4 20) ka-ka-ni hé-kéš Col. ii (on back) d nin-gir-su 1) ur-sag-kal-ga 2) d en-1fl-1á-ra 3) 4). gù-dé-a mu-gil-sa 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI 7) sipa-šà-ge-pà-da8) d nin-gír-su-ka-ke4 9) 10) igi-zi-bar-rad 11) nanše-ke4 12) á-sum-mad 13) nin-dar-a-ke4 14) 1ú inim-ma sè-ga15) dba-ú-ke4 16) dumu-tu-da17) dgá-tùm-du10-ke4 18) nam-nir-gá1 gidri-mah sum-ma19) dig-a1im-ka-ke4 Col. iii (on back) zi-šà-gá1-1a šu-daga1-duU-ga1) d šu1-šà-ga-ka-ke4 2) sag-zi-unken-na-pa-è-a3) d nin-giš-zi-da 4) digir-ra-na-ke4 5)

i 1-16) 1 litre of beer, 1 litre of bread, 1/2 litre of flour (used) for spreading, (and) 1/2 litre of emmer groats being the regular offering for the statue of Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who built the House of Ningirsu — a (future) ruler who revokes (and cuts off these offerings) from the House of Ningirsu, (Gudea's) master, (and) who (thereby) curtails the innate rights of Ningirsu,

i 17-20) may the offerings (of that ruler) be revoked (and cut off) from the House of Ningirsu and may his mouth stay shut.

ii 1-3) For Ningirsu, mighty warrior of Enlil,

ii 4-7) did Gudea, who has a "treasured" name, ruler of Lagas,

ii 8-11) shepherd chosen in the heart of Ningirsu, whom Nanse regarded in a friendly manner,

ii 12-15) to whom Nin-dara gave strength, the one keeping to the word of Bau,

ii 16-19) child born of Gatumdu, to whom Ig-alim gave prestige and a lofty sceptre,

iii 1-5) whom Sul-saga richly provided with breath of life, whom Ningiszida, his (personal) god, made stand out gloriously as the legitimate head of the assembly —

StB i This column, separated by free space from the rest of the inscription, might be taken as a postscript and be placed at the very end (as col. "ix"). Its location with regard to the other columns (see Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pi. 20) does, however, equally justify the arrangement adopted here.

32

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB

6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12)

u4 dnin-gír-su-ke4 iri-ni-šè igi-zi im-ši-bar-ra gù-dé-a sipa-zi-šè kalam-ma ba-ni-pà-da-a šà-1ú-216,000(ŠÁRxU-gunû)-ta šu-ni ba-ta-an-dab5-ba-a iri mu-kù izi im-ma-ta-1á

13) 14) 15)

G1Š.ù-šub mu-gar sig4 máš-e bí-pà 1ú-uzug5(KAxÚ)-ga ní-gá1

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

iv (on back) 1ú-si-gi4-a NITA.UD munus-kig-dun-ga iri-ta im-ta-e dusu-bi munus-e nu-il sag ur-sag-e mu-na-dù é-dnin-gír-su-ka eridu.KI-gim ki-sikil~la bí-dù ùsan la-ba-sàg KUŠ.á-si la-ba-sàg ama dumu-ni níg nu-ma-ni-ra šagin nu-bànda ugula lú-zi-ga kig-a gub-ba-ba siki-GIŠ.garigX(ZUMxLAGAB)-aka nam-ugula šu-ba mu-gá1-àm v (on back and left side) ki-mah-iri-ka al nu-gar adda X (LÚ-šessigxBAD) ki nu-túm gala-e balag nu-túm ér nu-ta-è ama-ér-ke4 ér nu-bí-dun ki-sur-ralagaš.KI-ka lú-di-tuku ki-nam-érim-šè 1ú nu-de6 1ú-urS-ra é-1u-ka nu-ku4(REC 145) d nin-gír-su 1uga1-a-ni níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è

iii 6-11) when Ningirsu had directed his meaningful gaze on his city, had chosen Gudea as the legitimate shepherd in the land, and when he had selected him by his hand from among 216,000 persons —

iii 12) (for Ningirsu did Gudea then) cleanse the city, let (purifying) fire go over it. iii 13-14) He set up the brick-mould, determined the (first) brick by means of an oracle. iii 15) Persons ritually unclean, unpleasant to look at(?), iv 1-6) (and) women doing work he banished from the city; no woman would carry the basket, only the best of the warriors would work for him.

iv 7-9) He built Ningirsu's House on ground that was as clean as Eridu (itself). iv 10-12) No one was lashed by the whip or hit by the goad, no mother would beat her child. iv 13-19) Governor, inspector, overseer, levy supervisor, (whoever) stood watching work, supervision was, in their hands, as (soft) as combed wool.

v 1-4) No hoe was used at the city cemetery, no bodies were buried, no cult musician brought his harp, let no lamentation sound, and no wailing woman sang a dirge. v 5-11) Within the boundaries of Lagas no one took an accused person to the place of oath-taking, and no debt collector entered anyone's house.

v 12-14) (Gudea) made things function as they should for his lord Ningirsu,

StBiii 14 The "(first) brick" was, so to speak, the foundation stone, even if later on it was incorporated in the anonymous mass of the other bricks. Cf. Edzard in Figurative Language in the Ancient Near East, ed. Mindlin et al. (1987), pp. 17-19. StBiv 13-16 Or: "The general, the captain, the sergeant, the enlisted man," enumerating military ranks from the highest to the lowest (P. Steinkeller). Responsibilities for military service and public work were not strictly separated. StB v 3 We have rendered balag by "harp" throughout, fully aware of the fact that the identification of this musical instrument is still disputed. Cf. J. Black, Aula Or. 9 (1991), p. 28 note 39, for his interpretation of balag as "drum."

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB é-ninnu-AN.IM.MLMUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni mu-na-dù ki-bi mu-na-gi4 šà-ba gi-gun4-ki-ág-ni šim-eren-na mu-na-ni-dù d 21) u4 é- nin-gír-su-ka mu-dù-a 22) d 23) nin-gír-su 24) 1uga1-ki-ág-ni-e (around knees A) 25) a-ab-ba-igi-nim-ta 26) a-ab-ba-sig-ga-šè 27) gìri-bi gá1 mu-na-tag* 28) ama-a-núm hur-sag-eren-ta 29) [GIŠ.er]en 30) [gMHbi 601 kàŠ 31) [GIŠ].eren 32) [gidj-bi 50kuš 33) [GIS].taskarin (around knees B) 34) gid-bi 25 kùš 35) ad-šè mu-AG. AG 36) kur-bi im-ta-e,, 37) šár-ùr a-ma-ru-mè-ka-ni 38) mu-na-dù 39) šár-gaz URUDA.gag-igi-imin 40) mu-na-dù 41) [UR]UDA.GAG.ŠEN-da-ka-ni 42) mu-na-dù 43) URUDA.GAG.ŠEN-a1-1uS-ni 44) mu-na-dù 45) G1Š.eren-bi 46) ig-ga1-šè 47) mu-dím 48) ul-kù-ga mi-ni-DAR (on right side of statue) 49) é-ninnu-a 50) mu-na-DllDU 51) é-mah ki-a-sig-dé-da-na 52) giš-ùr-šè mu-na-gar 15) 16) 17) 18) 19)

20)

53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58)

iri ur-su.KI hur-sag-ib-la-ta GIS.za-ba-lum GIS.ù-suh5-gal-gal GIŠ.tu-Iu-bu-um giš-kur ad-šè mu-AG.AG

33

v 15-20) he built and restored for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, and within (that complex) he installed for him his beloved grove(?), (in) the scent (of) cedars.

v 21-27) When he was about to build the House of Ningirsu, Ningirsu, his master who loves him, opened for him (all) the roads leading from the Upper to the Lower Sea.

v 28-36) From the Amanus, the mountain range of the cedar, he (cut) cedars of sixty and fifty cubits [length] and boxwood of twenty-five cubits length, joined them to form rafts, and (thus) made them come down from their mountain.

v 37-40) He fashioned for (Ningirsu) the "Mowdown-a-myriad," his battle-storm, he set up for him the "Slaughter-a-myriad," the copper peg with seven "eyes," v 41-44) He (also) set up for him his ... and his ...

v 45-50) Those cedar (beams) he used to make big doors, and he made carvings of shining flowers(?) on them, and he brought them into the Eninnu (for Ningirsu).

v 51-52) (Moreover,) he used (the cedars) as roof beams in the lofty building where cold water is sprinkled for (Ningirsu). v 53-58) From the city of Ursu and the mountain range of Ibla he (brought) juniper, big firs as well as plane trees, mountain wood, joining them to form rafts,

StB v 18 The meaning of gi-gun* (see also Statue D ii 9; Cyl. A xxiv 20, Gudea 45:11, Ur-ngirsu II 2 ii 5) has not yet been established beyond doubt. "Grove" was suggested by Falkenstein, AnOr 30 (1966), pp. 134-36, and also by Steinkeller, as against "reed fence" in Jacobsen, Harps p. 419. StB v 41-44 The identity of the two weapons (perhaps axes) is unknown, but the one named in line 43 may have been in the form of a "crab" (al-lub or al-lu3). StB v 48 Or: "he decorated them with silver studs" (P. Steinkeller).

34 Col. vi (on back side of seat) é-ninnu-a 1) giš-ùr-šè mu-na-gar 2) ù-ma-núm 3) hur-sag-me-nu-a-ta 4) ba„-sal-la 5) hur-sag-mar-tu-ta 6) NA4.na-gal 7) im-ta-e u 8) na-dù-a-sè 9) 10) mu-dím H ) kisal-é-ninnu-ka 12) mu-na-ni-dù 13) ti-da-núm 14) hur-sag-mar-tu-ta (on left side of seat) 15) nu, r gal 1agab-bi-a 16) mi-ni-túm 17) ur-pad-da-šè 18) mu-na-dím-dím 19) sa§-gu1-šè 20) é~a mi-ni-si-si 21) KÁ.GAL-at.KI 22) hur-sag-ki-maš-ka 23) uruda mu-ni-ba-al 24) sitaX(GAG+GIŠ)-ub-e-nu-í1-šè 25) mu-na-dím 26) kur-me-1uh-ha 27) G1Š.esi im-ta-e,, 28) mu-na-dù 29) lagab-nìr 30) im-ta-e,, (around knees A) 31) šitaX(GAG+GIS)-ur-sag-eš5-šè 32) mu-na-dím 33) kù-GI saâr-ba 34) hur-sag-ha-hu-um-ta 35) im-ta-e,, 36) sitaX(GAG+GIŠ)-ur-sag-es3-a 37) mu-na-gar 38) kù-GI sahar-ba 39) kur me-1uh-ha-ta 40) im-ta-en 41) é-mar-uru5-šè 42) mu-na-dím (around knees B) 43) áb-ri 44) im-ta-eM 45) gu-bi-in.KI 46) kur-GIŠ.ha-1u-ub-ta 47) G1Š.ha-1u-úb 48) im-ta-en 49) mušen-šár-ùr-šè 50) mu-na-dím

GudeaE3/1.1.7.StD52 vi 1-2) and he used them as roof beams (for Ningirsu) in the Eninnu. vi 3-12) He brought down big stone slabs from Umānum, the mountain range of Menua, and from Basar, the mountain range of the Martu, and he used them to make steles, setting them up (for Ningirsu) in the courtyard of the Eninnu.

vi 13-20) He brought alabaster blocks from Tidanum, the mountain range of the Martu, using them to make ... (for Ningirsu), and he mounted them in the House as "skull-crashers."

vi 21-25) In Abullât, on the mountain range of Kimas, he mined copper, and he (used it to) make for him the "Mace-unbearable-for-the-regions."

vi 26-32) From the land of Meluhha he brought down diorite, used it to build (for Ningirsu), he brought down blocks of hulālu stone, and he (used them to) make for him the "Mace-with-a-threeheaded-lion."

vi 33-37) He brought down gold in its ore from the mountain range of Hahum, and he used (the gold) for plating the "Mace-with-a-three-headed-lion."

vi 38—42) He brought down gold in its ore from the land of Meluhha, and he (used it to) make a quiver for (Ningirsu).

vi 43-50) He brought down ...; he brought down fyalub wood from Gubin, the haiub mountain, and he (used it to) make for him the bird(?) "Mow-down-amyriad."

StB vi 17-19 ur-pad-da were perhaps some kind of guardian figures, sag-gul may have been used here in the figurative sense for sag kul "bar, bolt" (P. Steinkeller).

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB 51) ma-ad-ga.KI 52) hur-sag-íd-1ú-ru-da-ta 53) ésir gú-ŠÁRxKAS(REC 214) 54) im-ta-e n 55) ki-sá-é-ninnu-ka 56) mu-ni-dù 57) im-ha-um 58) im-ta-eU 59) hur-sag-bar-me-ta 60) NA4.na-1u-a 61) mà-gal-gal-a (on right side of seat) 62) im-mi-si-si 63 ) úr-é-ninnu-ka mu-na-ni-gur 64) GIS.tukul iri an-ša-an elam.KI 65) mu-sàg 66) nam-ra-ag-bi 67) dnin-gir-su-ra 68) é-ninnu-a 69) mu-na-ni-ku4 (REC 145) 70) gù-dé-a 71) énsi72) 1agaš.KI-ke4 73) u4 é-ninnu 74) dnin-gír-su-ra 75) mu-na-dù-a 76) gil-sa im-mi-a5 77) é urS-gim dírn-ma Col. vii (on back of seat) 1) énsi-dili-e d 2) nin-gír-su-ra 3) nu-na-dù 4) na-mu-dù 5) mu mu-sar 6) níg-du7 pa bí-è 7) inim-duU-ga8) nin-gír-su-ka-ke4 9) šu-zi im-mi-gar 10) kur má-gan.KI-ta 11) NA4.e-si im-ta-en 12) a1an-na-šè 13) mu-tu (on left side of seat) 14) lugal-gu10 15) é-a-ni 16) mu-na-dù 17) nam-ti níg-ba-guÎ0 18) mu-šè mu-na-sa4 19) é-ninnu-a 20) mu-na-ni-ku4 (REC 145) 21) gù-dé-a 22) alan-e 23) inim im-ma-sum-mu 24) alan lugal-guH) 25) u-na-dun

35

vi 51-56) He brought down a myriad(?) of talents of bitumen from Madga, the mountain range of the Ordeal river(?), and he (used it for) building the retaining wall of the Eninnu.

vi 57-58) He brought down ... clay. vi 59-63) From the mountain range of Barme he loaded innumerable stone slabs on big boats, and he placed them (for Ningirsu) around the foundation walls of the Eninnu.

vi 64-69) He defeated the cities of Anšan and Elam and brought the booty therefrom to Ningirsu in his Eninnu.

vi 70-76) When he had built the Eninnu for Ningirsu, Gudea, ruler of Lagas, made (the booty) a donation forever.

vi 77) A House built like this one vii 1-4) no ruler whatsoever has built for Ningirsu; but he (Gudea) verily built it.

vii 5-6) He inscribed his name, made things function as they should. vii 7-9) He reacted piously to the word Ningirsu had spoken to him. vii 10-13) From the mountain of Magan he brought down diorite, and he fashioned it into a statue of himself. vii 14—20) "I built his House for my lord, (so) life is my reward" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for (Ningirsu's) sake, and he brought it to him in (his) House.

vii 21-25) Gudea "gives word" to the statue: "Statue, would you please tell my lord:

StB vi 64-76 This is the only passage in the entire Gudea text corpus mentioning military activities.

36

26) u4 é-ninnu 27) é-ki-ág-gá-ni (around legs A) 28) mu-na-dù-a 29) ur5 mu-dus su-su mu-Iuh 30) u4-imin-àm se la-ba-àra 31) géme nin-a-ni mu-da-sá-àm 32) urdu-dè 33) 1ugal-ni zà mu-da-DU-àm 34) iri-gá ú-sin-ni 35) zà-ba mu-da-nú-àm (around legs B) 36) níg-érim é-bi-a 37) im-mi-gi4 38) níg-gi-gi-na39) dnanše 40) dnin-gír-su-ka-šè 41) èn im-ma-ši-tar 42) nu-siki 1ú-níg-tuku nu-mu-na-gar 43) na-ma-su 1ú-á-tuku nu-na-gar 44) é dumu-nita nu-tuku 45) dumu-MÍ-bi ì-bí-1a-ba 46) mi-ni-ku4 (REC 145) 47) alan-na 48) inim-šè im-ma-dab5 (on right side of seat) 49) alan-e 50) ù kù-nu za-gìn nu-ga-àm 51) ù uruda-nu ù an-na-nu 52) zabar-nu 53 ) kig-gá 1ú nu-ba-gá-gá 54) NA4.esi-àm 55) ki-a-nag-e ha-ba-gub 56) níg-á-zi-ga-ka 57) lu nam-mi-gul-e 58) alan igi-zu 59) dnin-gír-su-ka-kam 60) alan61) gù-dé-a Col. viii (on back of seat) 1) énsi2) 1agaš.KI-ka 1 ú é-ninnud 4) nin-gír-su-ka 5) in-dù-a 6) 1ú é-ninnu-ta 7) im-ta-ab-è-è-a 8) mu-sar-ra-bi 9) šu íb-ta-ab-uru12-a 10) 1ú íb-zi-re-a 11) zà-mu-du10-ka 12) lu digir-gu10 gitn 13) digir-ra-ni 14) dnin-gír~su (on left side of seat) 15) lugal-gu10

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB

vii 26-28) When I built for him the Eninnu, his beloved House,

vii 29-33) 1 had debts remitted and "washed all hands." For seven days no grain was ground. The slave-woman was allowed to be equal to her mistress, the slave was allowed to walk side by side with his master. vii 34-35) In my city the one (who appeared) unclean (to Ningirsu) to someone was permitted to sleep (only) outside. vii 36-37) I had anything disharmonious turned right back "to its house" (i.e., where it belongs), vii 38-43) I paid attention to the justice ordained by Nanse and Ningirsu; I did not expose the orphan to the wealthy person nor did I expose the widow to the influential one.

vii 44-46) In a house having no male child I let the daughter (of the house) become its heir." vii 47-48) He installed the statue (in order) to convey messages. vii 49-53) For this statue nobody was supposed to use silver or lapis lazuli, neither should copper or tin or bronze be a working (material).

vii 54-55) It is (exclusively) of diorite; let it stand at the libation place. vii 56-57) Nobody will forcibly damage (the stone), vii 58-59) O statue, your eye is that of Ningirsu: vii 60-61) He who removes viii 1-7) from the Eninnu the statue of Gudea, the ruler of Lagaš, who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu;

viii 8-9) who rubs off the inscription thereon; viii 10) who destroys (the statue); viii 11-18) who disregards my judgment after — at the beginning of a prosperous New Year — his god Ningirsu, my master, had (directly) addressed him within the crowd, as my god (addressed me);

StB vii 58-59 Ningirsu could "see" through the statue which was to serve as a "channel" between Gudea and the god (P. Steinkeller).

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB 16) ùg-gá gù ù-na-dé-a 17) di-ku5-a-gá 18) šu ì-íb-ba1-e-a 19) níg-ba-gá 20) ba-a-gi4-gi4-da 21) èn-du KA-kéš-rá-gu10 22) mu-gu10 ù-ta-gar 23) mu-ni ba-gá-gá 24) kisai-dnin-gír-su 1uga1-gá-ka 25) èš-gar-ra-bi bí-íb-ta6 (TAG4)-ta6-a (around legs A) 26) igi-ni-šè nu-tuku-a 27) u4-ul-li-a-ta 28) numun i-a-ta 29) énsi30) lagaš.KI 31) é-ninnu 32) dnin-gír-su 33) 1uga1-gu10 34) ù-na-dù-a 35) 1ú níg-du7-e pa-è-a-àm 36) ka-ka-ni (around legs B) 37) 1 ú nu-ù-kúr-e 38) di-ku5-a-na su nu-bal-e 39) gù-dé-a 40) énsi41) 1agaš.KI-ka 42) 1ú inim-ni íb-kúr-a 43) di-kuS-a-na šu ì-íb-bal-e-a 44) an-e 45) den-1í1-e 46) dnin-hur-sag-ke4 47) den-ki dun-g[a]-zi-da-k[e4] 48) dsuen mu-ni 1ú nu-dug-dè 49) dnin-gír-su 50) 1uga1-GIŠ.tuku1-ke4 51) dnanše 52) nin-in-dub-ba-ke4 (on right side of seat) 53) dnin-DAR-a 54) lugal ur-sag-e 55) ama-lagas.KI 56) kù dgá-tùm-du10-e 57) dba~ií 58) nin dumu-sag-an-na-ke4 59) dinanna 60) nin-mè-ke4 6 1 ) dutu 62) lugal-ni-sl-ga-ke4 63) dhendur-sag 64) nimgir-kalam-ma-ke4 65) dig-alim-ke4 66 ) dšu1-šà-ga-na-ke4 67) dnin-MAR.KI

37

viii 19-20) who revokes my donation; viii 21-23) who deletes my name from the collection of songs (addressed to) me and then put there his (own) name; viii 24-26) who abandons the chapels set up in the courtyard of my lord Ningirsu, not considering the fact that viii 27-37) since earliest days, since the seed sprouted forth, no one was (ever) supposed to alter the utterance of a ruler of Lagas who, after building the Eninnu for my lord Ningirsu, made things function as they should;

viii 38) no (one was supposed) to disregard his judgment — viii 39-43) to him who changes the word of Gudea, ruler of Lagas, and disregards his judgment,

viii 44-50) let An, let Enlil, let Ninhursanga, let Enki of trustworthy utterance, let Suen, whose name nobody can explain, let Ningirsu, lord of the weapon,

viii 51-60) let Nanse, lady of the boundary, let Nindara, the master and warrior, let the mother of Lagas, shining Gatumdu, let Bau, the lady, eldest daughter of An, let Inanna, lady of battle,

viii 61-67) let Utu, lord of the blue (skies), let Hendursanga, the herald of the Land, let Ig-alim. let Šu1-šaga, let Nin-MAR.KI,

38

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB

Col. ix (on back of seat) 1) dumu-sag-dnanse—ke4 d 2) dumu-zi-abzu 3) nin-kinu-nir.KI-ke4 4) digir-gu10 dnin-gis-zi-da-ke4 5) nam-tar-ra-ni &é-dab6-kúr-ne 6) gu4-gim 7) u4-ne-na lié-gaz 8) am-gim 9) á-huš-na be-dab5 10) G1Š.dúr-gar 1ú mu-na-DU-a-ni (on left side of seat) 11) sahar-ra hé-em-ta-tuš 12) tukumx ( SU .TUR )-bi 13) mu-bi su uruf2-dè 14) gèštu(GĪŠ-PÍ+TÚG) hé-em-si-DU 15) mu-ni é-digir-ra-na-ta 16) dub-ta hé-em-ta-gar 17) digir-ra-ni 18) ùg-gá ra-a igi na-si-bar-re 19) IM an-na hé-da-a-gi4 20) a ki-a hé-da-a~gi4 (on right side of seat) 21 ) mu-nu-gàl-la ha-mu-na-ta-è 22) bala-a-na še-gar hé-gá1 23) 1ú-bi 24) 1ú lú-si-sá-ra nfg-érim aka-gim 25) BAD-bi an-na ùr-uruI8 (URUxA) 1ìé-mi-gá1 26) šu na-ni-ba-re 27 ) gaba-gá1-digir-re-ne-ka 28 ) en dnin-gír-su-ka 29) nam-mah-a-ni 30) kalam-e hé-zu-zu

ix 1-5) eldest daughter of Nanse, let Dumuzi-abzu, lady of Kinunir, let my (personal) god Ningiszida reverse the promise that had been made to him;

ix 6-9) let him be slaughtered like a bull on that day, let him be seized like an aurochs by his fierce horn; ix 10-11) let him sit down in the dust instead of on the seat they set up for him; ix 12-16) If in fact (his) mind is fixed on erasing this inscription, let his (own) name (disappear) from the house of his (personal) god (and) be removed from the tablet; ix 17-18) let his (personal) god ignore the "striking" among (his) people; ix 19-22) let the rain be kept back in heaven, let water be kept back on earth, let years of dearth come up for him, and let there be a famine during his reign; ix 23-26) Let that person, like someone who did evil to a righteous one, ..., and let him not go free;

ix 27-30) let the Land proclaim the prominence of the broad-breasted one among the gods, the lord Ningirsu.

Statue C Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Inanna. From Girsu. COMMENTARY AO 5, "Statue dite aux épaules étroites." Statue of black and white diorite, standing, with clasped hands; head

missing. Inscription on back. Height 138 cm, width (between shoulders) 45 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 8-9 (study), II pp. XVI-XVII (copy), pi. 10 (photo of front) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 74-77 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 184 (photo of front) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 161-62 (study), pi. XIII b (photo of front) 1960 Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 164 (study) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 254 (front)

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A pp. 11*—12* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 8-9 (study), pis. 5-8 (photos: front, right and left sides, back) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire photo 124 (front) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 124-25 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 180-85 (edition), 2 pp. 38^2 (commentary)

Gudea E3/L1.7.StC

39

TEXT i (caption on back) d nin-giš-zi-da digir-gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI lú é-an-na in-dù-a-kam ii (on back) a inanna 1) 2) nin-kur-kur-ra 3) nin-a-ni gù-dé-a 4) 5) mu-gil-sa 6) énsi7) lagas.KI 8) dlu é-ninnunin-gír-su-ka 9) 10) in-dù-a 11) u4 dinanna-ke4

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Col.

12) 13) 14) 15)

16) 17) 18) 19)

20) 21) 22)

23) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19)

i 1-6) Ningiszida is the (personal) god of Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who built the Eanna.

ii 1 - 3 ) For Inanna, lady of all the lands, h i s lady: ii 4-10) Gudea who has a "treasured" name, ruler of Lagas, who built Ningirsu's Eninnu —

igi-nam-ti-ka-ni

ii 11-13) when Inanna had directed upon him her eyes of life,

mu-ši-bar-ra-a gù-dé-a énsilagaš.KI

ii 14-19) (then) did Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who is very intelligent indeed and who is a slave beloved by his mistress,

géštu-daga1-a-kam urdu nin-a-ni ki-ág-àm gá-ù-šub-ba-ka giš ba-hur ka-al-ka ùri ba-mul iii (on back) im-bi ki-UD.UD-ga-a im-mi-lu sig4-bi ki-sikil-a im-mi-dug uš-bi mu-kù izi im-ta-1á temen-bi i-ir-nun-ka šu-tag ba-ni-duy é-ki-ág-gá-ni é-an-na šà-gír-su.KI-ka mu-na-ni-dù kur má-gan.KI-ta NA4.esi im-ta-eU a1an-na-ni-šè mu-tu gù-dé-a 1ú-é-dù-a-ka

ii 20-23) draw a design in the shed of the brickmould. At the clay pit he made it glitter on (Ningirsu's) banner. iii 1-5) The clay (for the bricks) he mixed at an absolutely pure site, and the bricks he formed at a clean place.

iii 6-7) He eleansed the foundation pit, made (purifying) fire go over it. iii 8-10) He smeared the foundation deposits with scented oil. iii 11-13) (Thus) he built for her her beloved house Eanna in the midst of Girsu. iii 14-17) He brought down diorite from the mountain of Magan and fashioned it into a statue of himself. iii 18-19) "Let Gudea, the builder of the house,

StC ii 20 gá "shed," not pisan "box," was probably a reed structure raised over the clay pit to protect the clay from drying (P. Steinkeller). Cf. for this passage and similar ones (Statue E iii 1-10, F ii 12-19, Cyl. A xiii 16-23, xviii 17-xix 20) Heimpel, J NES 46 (1987), pp. 207—11. A good illustration of Mesopotamian brick making is found in Roaf, Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia ( 1990), p. 31.

40

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StB

Col. iv (on back) nam-ti-la-ni hé-sù o 2) mu-sè mu-na-sa4 3) é-an-na-ka 4) mu-na-ni-ku4 (REC 145) 5) lu é-an-na-ta 6) ib-ta-ab-è-è-a 7) ib-zi-re-a 8) dmu-sar-a-ba su bí-íb-ùr-a 9) inanna 10) nin-kur-kur-ra-ke4 H ) sag-gá-ni unken-na 12) nam hé-ma-ku5-e 13) GIS .gu-za-gub-ba-na 14) suûš-bi 15) na-an-gi-né 16) numun-a-ni [hé]-til 17) bala-a-ni [t}é-ku5]

iv 1-4) have a long life" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for her sake, and he brought it to her into the Eanna. iv 5-9) He who removes (the statue) from Eanna; who takes it off its socle; rubs off the inscription thereon,

iv 10-12) let Inanna, lady of all the lands, curse his very person in the assembly. iv 13-17) May she not secure the foundations of the throne erected for him; may his seed come to an end and his rule [be cut short].

Statue D Gudea fashions a statue of himself, seated, and dedicates it to Ningirsu. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 1, "Statue colossale." Diorite statue, sitting on a seat, hands clasped (damaged); right elbow missing.

Inscription on right arm (caption) and on lower front part of garment. Height 157 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 135-36 (study), II pp. XVII-XIX (copy), pi. 9 (photo of front) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 76-79 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 178 (photo of front and right side) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 162 (study), pl. XIV a (photo of front and right side) 1952 Lambert and Tournay, RA 46 pp. 76-80 (transliteration, translation) 1960 Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 64 (study)

1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 57 (left side, hands restored) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A pp. 12*-13* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 10-11 (study), pis. 23-27 (photos: front, right and left sides, back; hands restored) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 125-27 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 184-91 (edition), 2 pp. 42-44 (commentary)

TEXT Caption on right shoulder 1) gù-dc-a 2) énsi3) 1agaš.K1

1-6) Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StD Inscription on front of skirt: Col. i d nin-gir-su 1) ur-sag-kal-ga 2) d en-1í1-1á 3) lugal-a-ni 4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI 7) mu-gil-sa 8) má-gíd9) 10) den-1í1-1á 11) sipa šà-ge-pà-dad 12) nin-gír-su-ka-ke4 13) agrig-kal-gad 14) nanše-ke4 15) 1ú-inim-ma-sè-ga16) dba-ú-ke4 17) dumu-tu-da18) dgá-tùm-du,0-ke4 19) nam-nir-gá! gidri-mah sum-ma Col. ií d ig-a1im-ka-kc4 1) zi-sà-gá1-la šu-daga1-dusrga 2) d šu1-šâ-ga-na-ka-ke4 3) 1ú-si-sá 4) iri-ni ki-ág-e 5) níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è 6) é-ninnu AN.IM.M1.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni 7) mu-na-dù 8) šà-ba gi-gun4-ki-ág-ni 9) 10) šim-GIŠ.eren-na mu-na-ni-dù 11) é-PA é-ub-imin-na-ni 12) mu-na-dù sa 13) šà-ba níg-mussa X (SAL.UŠ) d 14) ba-ú Col. iii nin-a-na-ke4 1) si ba-ni-sá-sá 2) ma-gur8-ki-ág-ga-ni 3) kar-nun-ta-è-a 4) mu-na-dím 5) kar~za-gìn-ká-sur-ra-ke4 6) mu-na-ús 7) 1ú-má-gurrbi 8) nu-bànda-bi 9) 10) KA mu-na-kéš 11) é-1ugal-na-kc4 12) sag-šè im-mi-rig7 13) dba-ú 14) munus-sa^-ga 15) dumu-an-na 16) nin-a-ni 17) é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni Col. iv mu-na-dù 1)

41

i 1^4) For Ningirsu, mighty warrior of Enlil, his lord,

i 5-10) did Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who has a "treasured" name, who tows Enlil's boat,

i 11-16) the shepherd chosen in Ningirsu's heart, the mighty steward of Nanse, the one who keeps to the word of Bau,

i 17-19) child born by Gatumdu, who was given prestige and a lofty sccptrc

ii 1-3) by Ig-alim, whom Šu1-šagana richly provided with breath of life, ii 4-5) the straightforward one, who loves his city, ii 6 - 8 ) (for him did Gudea) make everything function as it should, and he built for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, ii 9-10) and within (that complex) he installed for him his beloved grove(?), (in) the scent (of) cedars. ii 11-12) He built for (Ningirsu) his the "heptagon"; ii 13-14) the bridal gifts for Bau,

iii 1-2) his lady, he arranged therein. iii 3-7) He constructed for (Ningirsu) his beloved boat (named) "Having set sail from the Lofty Quay," and he moored it for him at the "Lapis Lazuli Quay" of Kasurra. iii 8-12) He enrolled for (Ningirsu) the sailors and their captain, donating them for the House of his master.

iii 13—iv 1) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, his lady, he built

her House of the Shining City.

StD i 9-10 The epithet probably refers to processional boat excursions. StD ii 11-12 é-PA may be = é-gidri "House of the scepter.'1 "Heptagon" is a guess based on the literal translation "House, seven corners"; see also Statue E i 15 f., G i 12 f., I ii 11 f., Gudea 4:11, 46:10, 47:8, 48:11.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StD 42

42 2)

3) 4) 5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10) H)

12)

13) 14) 15) 16) 17) Col.

O

2)

3) 4) 5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

á-dnanše-ta á-dnin-gír-su-ka-ta gù-dé-a gidri-sum-ma d nin-gír-su-ka-ra má-gan.KI me-1uh-ha.KI gu-bi.KÍ kur dilmun.KI gú giš mu-na-gá1-Ia-àm má-giš-dù-a-bi 1agaš.KI-šè mu-na-DU hur-sag-má-gan.KI-ta NA4.esi im-ta-Cu a1an-na-šè v mu-tu lugal á-dugud-da-ni kur-e nu-í1-e d nin-gír-su-ke4 gù-dé-a-ar lú-é-dù-a-ra nam-du,0 mu-ni-tar mu-šè mu-na-sa4 é-ninnu-a mu-na-ni-[ku4]

ív 2 - 3 ) Prompted by Nanše, prompted by Ningirsu, iv 4 - 6 ) for the benefit of Gudea, whom Ningirsu had endowed with the sceptre, iv 7-11 ) Magan, Meluhha, Gubin and the Land Tilmun — supplying him with wood —

iv 12-14) let their timber cargoes (sail) to Lagas. iv 15-17) He brought down diorite from the mountain range of Magan, and he fashioned it

v I ) into a statue of his. v 2-10) "The master whose heavy hand the foreign countries cannot bear, Ningirsu, made a favourable firm promise for Gudea, the builder of the house" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for his sake, and he [brought] it to him into the Eninnu.

Statue E Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Bau. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 6, "Statue aux larges épaules." Statue of blue and black diorite, standing, with hands clasped; head missing. Inscription on right shoulder (caption) and on

back, above and below the waist. Height 142 cm, width (between shoulders) 55 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 dc Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 131-32 (study) II pp. XIX-XXIII (copy), pi. 11 (photo of front), pi. 13 no. 2a -b (photo of inscription) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 78-83 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 181 (photo of front) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 162-63 (study), pi. XIIIc (photo of front) 1952 Lambert and Tournay, RA 46 pp. 80-84 (transliteration, translation)

i960 Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 6 4 (study), pi. 16.2 (photo of back and right side) 1969 Moortgat, Art photo 165 (front) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29 A pp. 13*-16* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 9 (study), pis. 9-12 (photos: front, right and left sides, back) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 193 (study), photo 128 (back) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 127-28 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 190-203 (edition), 2 pp. 44-51 (commentary)

Gudea

E3/1.1.7.StD

43

TEXT Caption on right shoulder: gù-dé-a i) énsi2) 1agaš.KI 3) Inscription on back: Col. i d ba-ú 1) munus-sa6-ga 2) dumu-an-na 3) nin-iri-kù-ga 4) nin-hé-gàl 5) nin gir-su.Kl-a nam tar-rc 6) nin di-ku5-iri-na 7) nin sag-e ki-ág 8) nin-níg-ú-gù-dé-a 9) 10) nin-a-ni 11) gù-dé-a 12) énsi13) 1agaš.KI 14) lu é-ninnu15) dnin-gir-su-ka 16) é-PA é-ub-imin 17) mu-dù-a d 18) u4 ba-ú 19) nin-a-ni 20) sà-kù-ga-ni ba-an-pà-da-a Col. ii urdu ni-tuku1) nin-a-na-kam 2) nam-mah-nin-a-na 3) mu-zu-zu 4) bi-lu5-da5) d ba~u 6) nin-a-na-šè 7) èn im-ma-si-tar 8) nig é-ninnu 9) 10) é-ki-ág-ni d 11) nin-gír-su 12) lugal-a-ni 13) mu-na-dù-a-gim 14) u4 dba-ú 15) dumu-an-na 16) nin-iri-kù-ga 17) nin-a-ni 18) é-sila-sir-sfr 19) é-ki-ág-ni 20) mu-na-dù-a 21) iri mu-kù 22) izi im-ma-ta-lá Col. iii gá-GIŠ.šub-ba-ka 1) gis ba-hur 2) ka-al-ka 3) G1Š.ùri ba-mul 4)

1-3) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš.

i 1-5) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, lady of the Shining City, lady of abundance,

ì 6-10) lady w h o makes firm promises in Girsu, lady, judge of her city, lady who likes (her) servants, lady (who restores) losses, his lady,

i 11-17) did Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who built Ningirsu's Eninnu and the ..., the "heptagon" —

i 18-20) when Bau, his lady, had chosen him in her pure heart —

ii 1-4) (then did he) his lady s reverent slave, proclaim the greatness of his lady;

ii 5-8) he heeded well the cult rules of Bau, his lady.

ii 9-13) Just as he had (done when he) built the Eninnu, the house he loves, for his lord Ningirsu,

ii 14-20) (so) when he was building the House (of) Tarsirsir, her beloved house, for Bau, daughter of An, the lady of the Shining City, his lady,

ii 21-22) did he cleanse the city, let (purifying) fire go over it. iii 1-4) He drew a design in the shed of the brickmould. At the clay pit he made it glitter on (Ningirsu's) banner.

StE i 9 This line contains a pun that cannot be rendered in English: the epithet (literally) "lady of lost things" contains the three signs making up Gudea's name. For another pun see Cyl. A ii 20, etc.

44 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) Col. 1)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StD 44 im-bi ki-UD.UD im-mi-lu sig4-bi ki-sikil-a im-mi-du8 sig4 GIŠ.šub-ba ì-gar níg-du7 pa bí-è uš-bi mu-kù izi im-ta-1á temen-bi ì-ir-nun-ka šu-tag ba-ni-dun d ba-ú nin-a-ni niniri-kù-ge ní si-àm iri-kù-ga iv ki-UD.UD-ga-a

2) é mu-na-dù 3) GĪŠ.dúr-gar-mah 4) nam-nin-ka-ni 5) mu-na-dím 6) ki-di-ku5-na 7) mu-na-gub 8) dub-šen (REC 429)-kù-ga-ni 9) mu-na-dím 10) é-mah-a--e 11 ) mu-na-ni-ku4 (REC 145 ) 12) balag nin an-da gal-di- (KI) 13) mu-na-dím 14) kisal'(É)-mah-na mu-na-ni-gub Inscription on skirt below the waist; Col. v I) u4-zà-mu 2) ezen-dba-ú 3) níg-mí-ús-sá aka-da 4) as gu4-niga 5) as udu-mu5 6) es6 udu-niga 7) as4 udu-nita 8) min6 sila4 9) ímin sudug (PAD) sun-lum 10) imin sab i-nun II ) ímin šà-gišimmar 12) ímin HU giš-pès 13) ímin gìr-1am 14) ašá-uz 15) ímin gambi(SAL.UŠ.DI.KID).MUŠEN 16) u-ia7 kur-gi16.MUŠEN 17) géš mušen-TUR.TUR 18) iz-hu-bì xim 19) géŠ GÍN-nutiI1Û.KU6.SUtfUR-a 20) iz-hu-bi ùšu 21) ùšu gú 1u.SAR 22) ímin gú NE-gi-bar CoL vi 1) géš gú G1Š.ma-nu

iii 5-8) The clay (for the bricks) he mixed at an absolutely pure site, and the bricks he formed at a clean place. iii 9-10) He put the (first) brick into the mould, made everything function as it should, iii 11-12) He cleansed the foundation pit, let (purifying) fire go over it. iii 13-15) He smeared the foundation deposits with oil and fine scent. iii 16-20) For Bau, his lady, being the lady who inspires with awe the Shining City, in the Shining City

iv 1-2) he built (her) house on an absolutely pure site. iv 3-7) He fashioned for her her sublime seat befitting her as queen, and he set it up for her at the place where she renders judgment.

iv 8-11) He made for her her shining treasure box(?) and brought it to her into "Sublime House."

iv 12-14) He made for her the harp (named) "The Lady is as famous as An" and set it up for her in her main courtyard.

v 1-3) On New Year's Day, the festival of Bau, when the bridal gifts are being delivered, v 4 - 8 ) there used to be 1 grain-fed ox, 1 fattened sheep, 3 grain-fed sheep, 6 rams, 2 lambs,

v 9-12) 7 baskets of dates, 7 pails of ghee, 7 palm hearts, 7 ... of figs,

v 13-18) 7 ... (of fish), 1 7 gambi-birds, geese, 60 "small birds" on 15 strings,

15

v 19-22) 60 ...-fish on 30 strings, 40 tons of turnips, 7 tons of...

vi 1) 60 tons of willow (twigs),

45 Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14)

níg-mí-ús-sá-dba-u é-1ibir-(IGI.ŠÈ)u4-bi-ta-kam gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 u4 dnin-gír-su Luga1-a-ni é-ki-ág-ni é-ninnu mu-na-dù-a d ba-ú nin-a-ni é-ki-ág-ni é-tar-sír-sír mu-na-dù-a (empty case) min« gu4-niga min« udu-muj u udu-niga min« sila4 imin sudug(PAD) sun-lum imin sab i-nun imin šà-gišimmar imin HU giš-pèš vii imin gir-lam u-1ìmmu Á.AN sun-lum u-1ìmmu úkuš dusu aš á-uz imin gambi(SAL.UŠ.DÍ.KID).MUŠEN u-ia7 kur-gi16.MUŠEN imin i-zi.MUSEN géš mušen-TUR.TUR ìz-hu-bi- u-ia7 géš GÍN-nuti11û.KU6.SUHUR-a iz-hu-bi ùšu nimin gú 1u.SAR imin gú NE-gi-bar géš gú GLS.ma-nu

15) nig-mussaX(SAL.UŠ) -%a-ú sá

16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) Col. 1)

é-gibil gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI 1 ú-é-dìr (NI )-a-ke4 ba-an-dah-ha-àm é-â-ú ki-bi gi4-a-da hé-gá1-bi viii pa-è aka-da

vi 2—4) (these) being the bridal gifts for Bau for the old house of former days. vi 5-17) Gudea, ruler of Lagas — when he had built his beloved house, the Eninnu, for Ningirsu, his lord, and when he had built her beloved house, the tarsirsir House, for Bau, his lady:

vi 18-22) 2 grain-fed oxen, 2 fattened sheep, 10 grain-fed sheep, 2 lambs,

vi 23-26) 7 baskets of dates, 7 pails of ghee, 7 palm hearts, 7 ... of figs,

vii 1-9) 7 ... (of fish), 14 ... of dates, 14 baskets of cucumber(?), 1 ..., 7 gambi-birds, 15 geese, 7 ...birds, 60 "small birds" on 15 strings,

vii 10-14) 60 ...-fish on 30 strings, 40 tons of turnips, 7 loads of 60 tons of (sticks of) willow (twigs),

vii 15-21) (these) being the bridal gifts for Bau for the new house which Gudea, ruler of Lagas, the builder of the house, had increased.

vii 22-24) That Bau's house might be restored, its abundance

viii 1) shown in all splendour;

46

9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

viii 9-10) that the days of his life might be long —

nam-ti-la-na u4-bi sù-a-da digir-ra-ni d nin-gis-zi-da d ba-ú é-iri-kù-ga--na mu-na-da-ku4(REC 145)-ku4 šà-mu-ba-ka kur má-gan.KI-ta NA 4 .esi im-ta-en alan-na-sè mu-tu ix nin-gu1(, ba-zi-ge nam-ti ba u4 du„!(text: SAG)-gaba ì-dù mu-šè mu-na-sa4 é-a mu-na-ni-ku4 (REC 145) alan1ú-é-dba-ú mu-dù-a-kam ki-gub-ba-bi lu nu-zi-zi sá-dun-bi 1ú 1a-ba-ni-1á-e

viii 11-15) (to that end) his (personal) god, Ningišzida, brought (the bridal gifts) to Bau into her House of the Shining City.

viii 16-20) During this very year, (Gudea) brought down diorite from the mountain of Magan, and he fashioned it into a statue of himself.

ix 1-5) "My lady, you selected me, give life, on the appropriate day I set to work" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for her sake, and he brought it to her into (her) house. ix 6-10) The statue of him who built Bau's house nobody will lift from its pedestal,

ix 11-12) and the offerings (provided) for it nobody will curtail.

Statue F Gudea fashions a statue of himself, seated, in the guise of an architect, and dedicates it to Gatumdu. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 3, "L'architecte à la règle." Diorite statue, sitting on a seat, hands clasped, on the lap a board with a measuring scale and a stylus (but no ground plan as on

Statue B); head missing. Inscription is on right upper arm (caption) and on lower front part of garment. Height 86 cm, width (between the shoulders) 46 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 136-37 (study), II pp. XXIII-XXV (copy), pi. 14 (photo of front and left side), pi. 15 no. 2 (photo of board), pi. 15 nos. 2 - 4 (photos of board, detail of measuring scale, photo of caption) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 82-83 (edition) 1932 Witze 1, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 183 (photo of right side) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 163 (study), pl. XIV b, d (photo of front, detail of board)

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A pp. 16*-17* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 11 (study), pis. 28-32 (photos: front, left and right sides, back, detail of board) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire, p. 193 (study), photo 127 (front and right side) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 128-29 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 202-07 (edition), 2 pp. 51-56 (commentary)

47 Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

TEXT Caption on right upper arm: 1) gù-dé-a 2) énsi3) 1agaš.KI 4) ur-dgá-tùm-du10 Inscription on skirt: Col. i 1) dgá-tùm-dUio 2) ama-1agaš.KI 3) gù-dé-a 4) énsi5) 1agaš.KI 6) ur-dgá-tùm-rdu101 7) urdu-ki-ág-zu 8) lu níg-du7-e pa bí-è-a 9) é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar610) dnin-gír-su-ka 11) mu-dù-a 12) dgá-tùm-du,0 13) nin-a-ni 14) iagaš.KI 15) iri-ki-ág-gá-ni-ta 16) unu6-šùba( MÙŠ.ZA)-a Col. ii 1) mu-ni-tu-da-a 2) é-dgá-tùm-du10 3) nin-a-na 4) dù-dè 5) ù nu-ma-ši-ku4(REC 145) 6) gù-dé-a 7) énsi8) 1agaš.KI 9) gèštu-daga1-kam 10) urdu-ní-tuku11) nin-a-na-kam 12) gá-GIŠ .ù-šub-ba-ka 13) giš ba-an-{iur 14) ka-al-ka 15) ùri ba-mul 16) im-bi ki-kù-ga 17) im-mi-1u 18) sig4-bi ki-sikil-a 19) im-mi-du8 Col. iii 1) uš-bi mu-kù 2) izi ì-im-ta-1á 3) temen-bí 4) ì-ir-nun-ka 5) šu-tag ba-ni-du,, 6) iri-kù-ga ki-UD.UD-ga-a 7) é mu-na-dù 8) GIŠ.dúr-gar-ma1}-nam-nin-ka-ni 9) mu-na-dím 10) dub-šen(REC 429)-kù-ga-ni 11) mu-na-dím

1^4-) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, the man of Gatumdu.

i 1-2) For Gatumdu, the mother of Lagas, i 3-8) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, man of Gatumdu, your beloved slave, who made everything function as it should,

i 9 - 1 1 ) who built Ningirsu's Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, i 12-ii 1) to whom Gatumdu, his lady, had given birth out (of the womb, being) Lagas, her beloved city, in the brilliant shrine —

ii 1) (see above) ii 2-5) in order to build the house of Gatumdu, his lady, (Gudea) did not sleep.

ii 6 - 1 1 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, being very intelligent indeed and the reverent slave of his mistress,

ii 12-15) drew a design in the shed of the brickmould. At the clay pit he made it glitter on (Ningirsu's) banner. ii 16-19) The clay (for the bricks) he mixed at a pure site, and the bricks he formed at a clean place.

iii 1 - 2 ) He cleansed the foundation pit, made (purifying) fire go over it. iii 3-5) He smeared the foundation deposits with oil and fine scent. iii 6-7) He built (her) house in the Shining City, on an absolutely pure site. iii 8-9) He made for her her huge seat befitting her as queen. iii 10-11) He made for her her shining treasure box(?).

48 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) CoL 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

9) 10) H) 12) 13)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB iii 12-15) (Thereupon,) she put oxen under the yoke and made their ox-driving farmer tend them;

gu4 su4-dul4-la si ba-ni-sá-sá engar-gu4-ra-bi im-mi-us áb-zi-da amar-zi mu-ni-šár-šár ùnu-bi bí-ús iv uJ(LAGABxÍx1)-zi-da sila4-zi mu-ni-šár-šár sipa-bi im-mi-ús ùz-zi-da máš-zi mu-ni-šár-šár sipa-b[i] im-mi-ús anše-ama-gan-a dÙr!(ANŠE.NITAxrKU1)-kas4-bi šu im-ma-ba na-gada-bi bí-ús

iii 16-19) she let healthy cows bring forth many healthy calves and made their cowherd tend them;

iv 1 - 4 ) she let healthy ewes bring forth many healthy lambs and made their shepherd tend them;

iv 5 - 8 ) she let healthy goats bring forth many healthy kids and made their shepherd tend them;

iv 9 - 1 3 ) and she let the swift jack-asses free for the she-asses and made their donkey herder tend them.

Statue G Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Ningirsu. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY A O 7, "Statue à Vépaule brisé." Statue of grey and blue diorite, standing, hands clasped; right shoulder broken a w a y , head missing. Inscription on back, above, on and below the waist. Height 133 cm.

The colour is indicated as "gris et bleu" in de Sarzec, Découvertes I p. 133, as "vert foncé" in Parrot, T e l l o p. 164, and as "schwarz" in Steible, N S B W 1 p. 130.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 133 (study), II pp. XXV-XXVIII (copy), pi. 13 no. 3 (photo of inscription) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 84-85 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 188 (photo of back and left side) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 163-64 (study) 1952 Lambert and Tournay, RA 46 pp. 78-81 (transliteration and translation)

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29 B pp. 17*-18* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 9 (study), pis. 13-16 (photos; front, right and left sides, back) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 130-31 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 208-15 (edition), 2 pp. 56-58 (commentary)

49 Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

TEXT [Caption on right shoulder or right upper arm ?] Inscription on back above and below waist: Col. i d nm-gir-su 1) ur-sag-kal-ga2) d en-1í1-1á 3) lugal-a-ni 4) gù-dé-a 5) 6) énsi1agaš.KI 7) 8) d1ú é-ninnunin-gír-su-ka 9) 10) dín-dù-a 11) nin-gír-su 12) 1uga1-a-ni 13) é-PA é-ub-imin 14) é-PA-bi 15) sag-bi-šè è-a d 16) nin-gír-su~ke4 17) nam-dul0ta[r]-ra 18) mu-na-dù Col. ii nig-mi-us-sa 1) 2) dšà-hú1-1a nin-gír-su-ke4 3) d 4) ba-ú 5) dumu-an-na 6) dam-ki-ág-ni 7) mu-na-ta-ak-ke4 8) digir-ra-ni d 9) nin-giš-zi-da 10) eger-bi íb-ús 11) gù-dé-a 12) énsi 13) 1agaš.KÍ-ke4 14) gír-su.KI-ta 15) iri-kù-šè 16) silim-ma im-da-bé 17) šà-mu-ba-ka Col. iii 1) kur má-gan.K1-ta 2) NA4.esi im-ta-e n 3) a1an-na--šè 4) mu-tu (empty space of 10 lines or 10-x cases)

iii 5-10) iv 1-21) v 1-22) vi 1-19)

= = = =

Statue Statue Statue Statue

E E E E

i 1-4) For Ningirsu, mighty warrior of Enlil, his lord:

i 5-10) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

i 11-18) built for Ningirsu, his lord, the the "heptagon," the house whose ... takes precedence and for which Ningirsu made a firm promise.

ii 1-7) (Out of the ...) Ningirsu provides pleasing bridal gifts for Bau, daughter of An, his beloved wife,

ii 8-10) and Ningiszida, his (personal) god, (follows behind them =) looks after their delivery. ii 11-16) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, (all the way) from Girsu to the Shining City hails (everybody).

ii 17) In that year iii 1^1) (Gudea) brought down diorite from the mountain of Magan, and he fashioned it into his statue. iii 5ff.) (see Statue E v 1 ff.)

v 1-6 v 7-22, vi l - 5 a vi 6-17, 19(!)-26, vii 1-2 vii 3-21 b

50

Gudea E3/L1.7.StG

Variants: a) G G G G G

iv iv iv iv iv

9) imin MUSEN.SAL.UŠ.DI.KID 10) u-ia7 MUŠEN kur-gi, 13) géš KU6.SUHUR.GÍN-nuti11û 17) 19) é-libir-a

= = = = =

E E E E E

v 15) imin SAL.UŠ.DI.KID.MUŠEN v 16) u-ia7 kur-gi16.MUŠEN v 19) gés GÎN-nutillû.KU6.SUHUR-a vi 1) (without erasure) vi 3) é-libir1

G vi 3) imin MUŠEN.SAL.UŠ.DI.KID G vi 8) gés KU6.SUHUR.GÍN-nuti11û

= =

E E

vii 5) imin SAL.UŠ.DLKID.MUŠEN vii 10) gés GÎN-nutillû.KU6.SUHUR-a

b)

Statue H Gudea fashions a statue of himself, seated, and dedicates it to Bau. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 4, "Petite statue assise, acéphale." Statue of green and black diorite, sitting on a seat, hands clasped; right shoulder, upper arm and upper right part of back broken

away; head missing. Inscription on lap and on lower front part of garment. Height 77 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884—1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I p. 136 (study), II p. XXVIII (copy), pi. 13 no. 4 (photo of inscription) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 84-87 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art pp. 187 and 194 (photos: left side, front and left side) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 164 (study), pi. Xllld (photo of front and left side)

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29 A p. 18* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 11 (study), pis. 33-36 (photos: front, right and left sides, back) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 131-32 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 214-17 (edition), 2 pp. 58-59 (commentary)

TEXT [Caption on right shoulder or upper right arm?] Inscription on skirt: Col. i d ba-ú 1) munus-sa6-ga 2) dumu-an-na 3) nin-iri-kù-ga 4) nin-hé-gàl dumu-an-kù-ga 5) nin-a-ni 6) gù-dé-a 7) énsi8) 1agaš.KI-ke4 9)

i 1-6) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, lady of the Shining City, lady of abundance, daughter of shining heaven, his lady,

i 7-9) did Gudea, ruler of Lagas —

51 G u d e a

E3/1.1.7.CylB

C o l . ii 1)

u 4 é-tar-sír-sír

ii 1 - 4 ) w h e n h e h a d b u i l t f o r h e r t h e H o u s e

2)

é-ki-ág-ni

Tarsirsir, h e r b e l o v e d h o u s e , the h o u s e ( w h i c h

3)

é hé-du7-iri-kù-ga

the m o s t p l e a s a n t p l a c e in the Shining City

4)

mu-na-dù-a

5)

kur m á - g a n . K I - t a

ii 5 - 6 )

6)

NA4.esi!(PA)

Magan,

7)

alan-na-ni-sè

8)

mu-tu

im-ta-en

(of) is)

—

bring d o w n diorite from the mountain

of

ii 7 - 8 ) a n d h e f a s h i o n e d it i n t o a s t a t u e o f h i m s e l f .

C o l . iii 1)

nin dumu-ki-ag-an-ku-ga-ke4

2)

ama

d

iii

1-8)

"The

lady, b e l o v e d

daughter

of

shining

h e a v e n , m o t h e r B a u , g a v e life to G u d e a out of the

ba-ú

3)

é-tar-sír-sír-ta

tarsirsir H o u s e "

4)

gù-dé-a

f o r h e r s a k e , a n d h e b r o u g h t it t o h e r i n t o

5)

ïnamï-ti mu-na-sum

H o u s e of the Shining City.

6)

mu-sè mu-na-sa4

7)

é-iri-kù-ga-ka

8)

m u - n a - n i • ( D Û ) -ku 4 ( R E C 1 4 5 )

(this is h o w ) h e n a m e d ( t h e s t a t u e ) (her)

Statue I G u d e a f a s h i o n s a s t a t u e o f h i m s e l f , s e a t e d , a n d d e d i c a t e s it t o N i n g i s z i d a . From Girsu.

C O M M E N T A R Y A O 3 2 9 3 ( h e a d ) + 4 1 0 8 ( b o d y ) , "Petite statue a s s i s e , c o m p l è t e . " S t a t u e o f b l a c k diorite, sitting on a s e a t , h a n d s c l a s p e d . Inscription o n l o w e r front part o f a

g a r m e n t a n d b a c k part o f s e a t . H e i g h t 4 5 cm; the inscription is identical with that of Statue P e x c e p t for the n a m e of the statue.

B I B L I O G R A P H Y 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 2 1 b i s n o . 1 a - b (photos of head) 1907 Heuzey, RA 6 pp. 18-22 (study) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, RA 6 pp. 23-25 (edition with copy p. 23), pl. I (photo of front and left side) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 86-87 (edition) 1910 Heuzey in Cros, Tello pp. 21-25 (study) 1910 Thureau-Dangin in Cros, Tello pp. 26-28 (edition with copy p. 26) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 195 (photo of right side ) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 165 (study), pl. XV a (photo of front and left side) 1960 Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 17 nos. 1-2 (photos: right side and front) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 251 (front)

1962 Strommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamien photo 136 (front and right side) 1969 Moortgat, Art photo 170 (front and right side) 1971 Hrouda, Vorderasien I photo 59 (front and right) 1973 Powell, JCS 25, p. 180 n. 9 (study of i 7—ii 2) 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 56 (front) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A pp. 18*-19* (List of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 11-12 (study), pis. 37-43 (photos: front, right and left sides, back, detail of head and shoulders from right) 1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 381 (front) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire photo 129 (right side) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 132-134 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 218-22 (edition), 2 pp. 59^67 (commentary)

52

Gudea E3/1.L7.StĪ

TEXT Inscription on skirt: Col i 1) u 4 d nin-gír-su 2) ur-sag-kal-ga d 3) en-1í1-1á-ke4 d 4) nin-giš-zi-da 5) dumu~dnin-a-zu 6) ki-ág-digir-re-ne-ra 7) iri-a ki-ùr 8) mu-na-ni-gar-a Col. ii 1) aša5-ga gána-i7 2) mu-na-ni-gar-a 3) gù-dé-a 4) énsi5) lagaš.KI 6) lú-si-sá 7) digir-ra-ni 8) ki-ág-e d 9) nin-gír-su 10) lugal-a-ni 11 ) é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6~ra~ni 12) é-PA é-ub-imin-na-ni 13) mu-na-dù'(NI)-a 14) dnanše 15) nin-urul6 16) nin-a-ni CoL iii 1) é-UD.MÁ.N1NA.KI.TAG 2) kur á( ! )-ta í1-1a-ni 3) mu-na-dù 4) digir-gal-gal-lagas.KI-ke4-ne 5) é-ne-ne 6) mu-ne-dù d 7) nin-giš-zì-da 8) digir-ra-ni 9) é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni 10) mu-na-dù 11) lu digir-gu,0-gim 12) dnin-gír-su-ke4 13) digir-ra-ni Inscription on back of seat: CoL iv 1) ùg-gá gù ù-ma-ni-dé-a 2) é-digir-gá-ke4 3) igi-TŪM (var. ?)-1a 4) na-ab-ak-ke4

i 1-3) When Ningirsu, the mighty warrior of Enlil, i 4-8) had established a courtyard in the city for Ningiszida, son of Ninazu, the beloved one among the gods;

ii 1 - 2 ) when he had established for him irrigated p1ots(?) on the agricultural land; ii 3-13) (and) when Gudea, ruler of Lagas, the straightforward one, beloved by his (personal) god, had built the Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, and the his "heptagon," for Ningirsu, his lord,

ii 14-16) (then) for Nanse, the powerful lady, his lady,

iii 1 - 3 ) did he build the Sirara House, her Mountain rising out of the waters. iii 4 - 6 ) He (also) built the individual houses of (other) great gods of Lagas. iii 7-10) For Ningiszida, his (personal) god, he built his House of Girsu.

iii 11-13) Someone (in the future) whom Ningirsu, his god — as my god (addressed me)

iv 1) has (directly) addressed within the crowd, iv 2 - 4 ) let him not, thereafter, be envious(?) with regard to the house of my (personal) god.

S t I i i l - 2 The interpretation of these lines follows suggestions made by W. Heimpel and P. Steinkeller. StI iii 2 "out of the waters" if á stands for a (e,); alternatively "out of the (other) houses" if á stand for é ('à); see also note on Gudea 25:11. StI iv 3 - 4 The interpretation follows C. Wilcke, ZA 59 (1969), p. 68; see also the discussion in Steible, NSBW II pp. 63f.

Gudea E/1.1.7.StI 5) 6) 7) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

53

iv 5-7) Let him invoke its (the house's) name; let such a person be my friend, and let him (also) invoke my (own) name.

mu-bi hé-pà-dè 1ú-bi ku-1i-gu10 hé-àm mu-gu10 hé-pà-dè v alan-na-e mu-tu gù-dé-a 1ú-é-dù-a-ka nam-ti-il' mu-na-sum mu-šè mu-na-sà4 é-a mu-na-ni-ku4(REC 145)

v 1-2) (Gudea) fashioned a statue of himself. v 3-8) "(Ningiszida) gave life to Gudea, the builder of the house" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for his sake, and he brought it to him into (his) house.

Statue K Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Ningirsu(?). From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 10, "Statue fragmentée." Statue of black diorite, standing, hands clasped; head, shoulders, part of the feet and socle missing. Inscription on back above the waist; only part of col. ii and col. iii preserved. Height

124 cm. The sigla "K" and "L" are reversed by some authors; see bibliography. Indication of height after Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 9; but note "100 cm" in de Sarzec, Découvertes I p. 134 and "134 cm" in Colbow, Rundplastik p. 134.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I pp. 133-34 (study) 1902 Scheil in Martin, RT 24 pp. 192-93 (copy; "Statue brisé

L") 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 86-89 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 164-65 no. 11 (study; "Statue L")

[Caption on right shoulder or on right upper arm?] Inscription on back (above waist): Col r l') [...] rxi [...] r x i 2') [...] rxl AN Col. ii' (7 lines or 7-x cases missing) i') [...Fxi 2') [kur má-gan].KI-ta 3') [NA4.e]si im-[ta-D]UL.DU 4') [a1a]n-na-ni-šè 5') [mu]-tu

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A p. 19* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 9 (study), pis. 17-18 (photos of front and back) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 134-35 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 222-25 (edition), 2 pp. 67-69 (commentary)

ii' 2 - 5 ' ) From [the mountain of Magan] he brought down diorite, and he fashioned it into a statue of himself.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

54 6') 7') 8') 9') 10') Col. 1') 2') 3') 4') 5') 6') T) 8') 9') 10') 11') 12') 13') 14') 15') 16') 17') 18') 19') 20')

ii' 6'-10') "[As for me(?)] whom his master loves, let my life be long" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for his sake, and he brought it to him into the Eninnu.

[gá(?) 1]uga1-ni [ki]-ág-me [nam]-ti-gul0 hé-sù [m]u-šè mu-na-sa4 é-ninnu-a mu-na-ni-ku4(REC 145) iii' lu mu-sar-bi [x (x)]-ta-ab-[...] [...] [-I [...] [x (x)]-zi-a [dis sÌ1]a zì-dub-dub dis sila níg-àr-ra ZÌZ.AN sá-duM-bi ba-ni-íb-1á-a d nin-gír-su 1uga1-GIŠ.tuku1-ke4 d ba-ú dumu-an-na-ke4 d ig-a1im d šu1-šà-ga-na dumu-ki-ágd nin-gír-su-ka-ke4-ne suhuš-a-ni lié-bù-re -ne numun-a-ni hé-til-ne

iii' l'-6') He who [rubs] off the inscription (of the statue), [who ..., (and)] takes it [off its pedesta1(?)];

iii' 7 - 1 0 ' ) who curtails its regular offerings (being) [one] litre of flour (used) for spreading and one litre of emmer groats, iii' 11'-20') let Ningirsu, the master of the weapon, let Bau, daughter of An, let Ig-alim and Šu1-šagana, the beloved sons of Ningirsu, tear out his foundations and make his seed come to an end.

"Statue L"

Fragmentary inscription of Gudea? on a stone monument from Girsu which cannot be reconstructed.

COMMENTARY AO number ? Fragment of a monumental sculpture of diorite. The designation as "Statue L" has been kept for convenience. Authorship of Gudea (ii' V [gù-dé-a?]) cannot be proved. I am unable to classify the inscription, whose purpose is not clear to me. I refrain

from a transliteration, and the reader is referred to Steible. The sigla "K" and "L" are reversed by some authors; see bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1902 Scheil in Martin, RT 24 pp. 190-92 (copy; "grand fragment K") 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 88-89 (edition) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 164 no. 10 {study; "Statue K")

1957-1972 Strommenger, RLA III p. 682 (right) §2 I c 2 ("Statue K (grosses Fragment)," study) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A p. 19*-20* (list of text references) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 224-29 (edition), 2 pp. 69-72 (commentary)

55 G u d e a E 3 / 1 . 1 . 7 . C y l B

Statue M G u d e a f a s h i o n s a s t a t u e o f h i m s e l f , s t a n d i n g , a n d d e d i c a t e s it t o G e š t i n anna. Provenance unknown.

C O M M E N T A R Y Detroit Institute of Arts (formerly Stoclet Collection, Brussels). Statue of alabaster or paragonite, standing, right hand laid o v e r left (hands not c l a s p e d ) ; part of the f e e t missing. Inscription on upper right section of back and right shoulder. Height 41 cm. T w o things are unusual about the statue: the hands are not clasped and the inscription is "one size too big" in proportion to the slender body of the statue.

The inscription is identical with those of Statues N and O except for the name of the statue (iii 4 - 5 ) . The authenticity of the statue has b e e n doubted; cf. Strommenger, RLA III p. 681 and Bagh. Mitt. I pp. 8 1 - 8 2 and Alster in Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 4 9 - 5 9 .

B I B L I O G R A P H Y 1925 Scheil, RA 22 pp. 41-43 (edition), pis. 1-2 (photos: front, left side and front, right side, back) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 165-66 (study), pl. XV b (photo: front, right side, back) 1957-1972 Strommenger, RLA III p. 681 (right) §2 I a [8] (authenticity doubted) 1960 Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 pp. 65, 81-82 n. 502 (fake!) 1978 Alster in Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 49-59 (discussion of authenticity) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A p. 20* (list of text references)

1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 22-23 (study), pis. 75-76 (photos: front, left side and front, right side, back) 1981 Carroué, Orientalia NS 50 pp. 121-36 (study) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire pp. 190-91 (study) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 135-36 (study) 1988 Hansen, Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 64/1 (photos: frontispiece, figs. 1 and 2) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 230-31 (edition), 2 pp. 73-76 (commentary)

TEXT C a p t i o n o n right s h o u l d e r : 1) gù-dé-a 2) énsi1agaš.KI 3) 1ú é- d nin-giš~zi-da 4) ù é-dgeštin-an-na-ka 5) m u-dù-a 6) Inscription o n b a c k ( a b o v e a n d b e l o w w a i s t ) : Col. i d 1) geštin-an-na 2) nin-A( ! )-dè-mú-a 3) dam-ki-ágd 4) nin-giš-zi~da-ka C o l . ii 1) 2) 3)

nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi-

4) 5) 6)

lagas.KI-ke4 é-gir-su .KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1 - 6 ) G u d e a , ruler o f L a g a s , w h o built t h e h o u s e o f N i n g i s z i d a a s w e l l a s the h o u s e o f G e s t i n a n n a .

i 1—4-) For G e s t i n a n n a , t h e l a d y w h o g r e w t o b e c o m e o n e with the h o u s e ( ? ) , the b e l o v e d w i f e of Ningiszida,

ii 1) h i s l a d y , ii 2 - 6 ) d i d G u d e a , ruler o f L a g a s , b u i l d h e r H o u s e o f Girsu.

StM i 2 The interpretation is uncertain, and the line may be corrupt. Cf. dnin-izi-mú-a in Gudea 69:1 and Gestin-anna's epithet nin-ázi-mú-a.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StM

56

7) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

alan-na-ni iii mu-tu nam-šitaX(REC 316)-e ba-gub mu-šè mu-na-sa4 é-a-ni-a mu-na-ni-ku4(REC 145)

ii 7) He fashioned iii 1 ) a statue of himself. iii 2-4) "It stands in (constant) prayer" — (this is how) he named (the statue) för her sake, and he brought it to her into her house.

Statue N Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Gestinanna. Provenance unknown.

COMMENTARY AO 22126, "Gudéa au vase jaillissant." Statue of uncertain material (see below), standing; the hands hold a vase from which flow streams of water, the left one over, the right one under the arm of the statue; the streams end in another flowing vase at the base of the statue; fish are swimming upward in the water streams. Inscription on upper right arm (caption) and below the vase, between the water streams. Height 61 cm.

The material has been variously described: dolerite (Parrot, Tello p. 167, and Strommenger Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 64), calcite (Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 20), steatite or calcite (Colbow, Rundplastik p. 136). The inscription is identical with those of Statues M and O except for the name of the statue. The authenticity of the statue has been doubted; cf. Alster in Johansen, Mesopotomia 6 pp. 49-59.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1930 Scheil, RA 27 pp. 162-63 (study), pis. I—II (after p. 164; photos: right side and front; back side and left) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 166-67 (study), pi. XVd (photo: right side, front) 1969 Parrot, Sumer photo 264 (front) 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 54 (front) 1978 Alster in Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 49-59 (discussion of authenticity) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 20-21 (study), pis. 64—70 (photos: front, right and left sides, back, details of head)

1980 1981 1981 1982

Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 52 (right side) Carroué (see Statue M) Spyckct, Statuaire p. 191 (study), photo 125 (left side) André-Leicknam, Naissance de récriture p. 83 no. 39 (photo: front) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 136-37 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 232-33 (edition), 2 p. 76 (commentary)

TEXT Caption on upper right arm: 1-6) = Statue M caption 1-6 Inscription on skirt: Col. i 1-4) = Statue M i 1-4. Col. ii 1-5) = Statue M ii 1-5. Col. iii 1-3) = Statue M ii 6-7, iii 1. d 4) gestin-an-na-ke4 5) nam-ltil mu-na-sum 6-7) = Statue M iii 3-4.

iii 4-5) "Gestinanna gave life to him" —

Gudea

E3/1.17StO

57

Statue O Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Gestinanna. Provenance unknown.

COMMENTARY Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Cat. no. 840, "Gudéa debout de Copenhague." Statue of green and black steatite (but Parrot, Tello p. 166; "stéatite grisâtre"), standing, hands clasped. Inscription on upper right arm (caption) and on lower front part of garment. Height 63 cm.

The inscription is identical with those of Statues M and N except for the name of the statue (iii 2-3). The authenticity of the statue has been doubted; cf. Alster in Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 49-59.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 14-19 (study), pis. 55-63 (photos: front, right and left sides, back, details) 1980 M0l1er, Assyriological Miscellanies 1 (Copenhagen) pp. 51-56 (study) 1981 Carroué (see Statue M) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 191 (study) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 137-39 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 234-35 (edition), 2 p. 77 (commentary)

1924 Thureau-Dangin, Monuments Piot 27 pp. 97-101 (study), pi. VIII (photo: right side and front) 1935 Zervos, L'art p. 199 (photo: right side and front) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 166 (study), pi. XVc (photo: right side and front) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 263 (right side and front) 1978 Alster in Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 49-59 (discussion of authenticity) 1978 Edzard ct a!., AnOr 29A pp. 20*-21* (list of text references)

TEXT Caption on upper right arm; 1-6) = Statue M caption 1-6. Inscription on skirt: Col. i 1-5) = Statue M i 1-4, ii 1. Col. ii 1-6) = Statue M ii 2-7. Col. iii 1) = Statue M iii 1. d 2) gestin-an-na-ke4 3) igi-zi mu-si-bar 4-5) = Statue M iii 3 ^ .

iii 2-3) "Gestinanna directed her meaningful regard to him"

Statue P Gudea fashions a statue of himself, seated, and dedicates it to Ningiszida. Provenance unknown.

58

Gudea E3/1.L7.StĪ COMMENTARY

MMA 59, 2, "Gudéa assis." Statue of diorite or gabbro, sitting on a seat, hands clasped. Inscription on lower front part of garment and on back part of seat. Height 44 cm. The inscription is identical with that of Statue I except for the name of the statue.

Whereas Statues M, N, and O, with their nearly identical inscriptions, are completely different from each other, Statues I and P are extremely similar, and their respective heights differ by only 1 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1930 Scheil, RA 27 pp. 163-64 (study), pis. II-IV (after p. 164, photos: front left, right side, back) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 167 (study), pl. XVI a (photo: front) 1959 Crawford, Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Oct. (cover, photo: front) 1960 Crawford, ibid., April fig. 10 (photo: front, left side) 1978 Alster in Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 49-59 (discussion of authenticity)

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A p. 21* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 24-25 (study), pis. 84-87 (photos: front, right and left sides, back) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 139-40 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 236-39 (edition), 2 p. 77 (commentary)

TEXT Inscription on skirt: Col i 1-7 = Statue I i 1-7. Col. ii 1 - 1 6 ) = Statue I i 8, ii 1 - 1 5 . Col. iii 1 - 1 3 ) = Statue I ii 16, iii 1 - 1 2 Inscription on back of seat: Col. iv 1 - 8 ) = Statue I iii 13, iv 1 - 7 . Col. v 1 - 2 ) = Statue I v 1 - 2 . 3) gù-dé-a 4) 1ú-é-dù-a-ka 5) nam-ti-la-ni 6) hé-sù 7 - 8 ) = Statue I v 7 - 8 .

v 3 - 6 ) "Let the life of Gudea, who built the house, be long."

Statue Q Gudea fashions a statue of himself, seated, and dedicates it to Ningiszida, Provenance unknown.

COMMENTARY IM 2909 (body) 4- CBS 16664 (head), "Gudéa du musée de Baghdad." Diorite statue, sitting on a seat, hands

clasped. Inscription on lower front part of garment, Height 30 cm, width (between shoulders) 14 cm.

Gudea E/1.1.7.StI

59

A P H Y

EIBL

1978 Edzard et a l , AnOr 29A p. 21*f. (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 26 (study), pis. 88-91 (photos: front, front and right side, left side, back) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 192 (study) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 140-42 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 240-41 (edition), 2 pp. 77-78 (commentary)

1927 Langdon, JRAS 1927 pp. 765-68 (study), pl VI (photos: front and left side) 1936-37 Levy, AfO 11 pp. 151-52 (edition), p. 151 (photos: right side and front; front), p. 152 (copy) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 167-68 (study), pi. XVIc (photo of front) 1975 Orthmann. Der Alte Orient photo 59b (head)

TEXT Inscription o n skirt: Col. i d 1) nin-gis-zi-da digir-ra-ni 2) gù-dé-a 3) énsi4) 1agaš.KI 5) 1ú é - n i n n u 6) d nin-gír-su-ka 7) C o l . ii 1) in-dù-a 2) a l a n - n a - n i mu-tu 3) é mu-ni-túm 4) mu-šè mu-na-sa4 5) 6) é-a-ni-a mu-na-ni-ku4(REC 145) 1)

i 1 - 2 ) F o r N i n g i s z i d a , his ( p e r s o n a l ) g o d , i 3 - ii 1) d i d G u d e a , r u l e r o f L a g a s , w h o Ningirsu's Eninnu,

built

ii 2 - 3 ) f a s h i o n a statue of h i m s e l f . ii 4 - 7 ) "It b e f i t s t h e H o u s e " — ( t h i s is h o w ) h e n a m e d ( t h e s t a t u e ) f o r h i s s a k e , a n d h e b r o u g h t it to him into his house.

Statue R G u d e a f a s h i o n s a statue, s e a t e d , g r a n t i n g p r i v i l e g e s to N a m ( m a ) h a n i , t h e c h i e f cantor. P r o v e n a n c e u n k n o w n .

C O M M E N T A R Y HSM 8826, "Gudéa acéphale." Diorite a seat, head and part of right arm and Inscription (partly broken) on back statue and on back of seat. Height 18.5

statue, sitting o n shoulder missing. and l e f t side of cm.

There are eight empty c a s e s on the right part of the skirt, which are hardly part of a pattern. W e r e they intended to be filled with writing? The inscription has been collated by P. Steinkeller.

B I B L I O G R A P H Y 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 171 (study), pl. XV11 (photos: right side and front; back) 1956 Sollberger, JCS 10 pp. 11-13 (edition), p. 12 (photos: front, back, left side)

1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A p. 22* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 25 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 240-43 (edition), 2 pp. 79-84 (commentary)

60

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

TEXT Inscription on back: Col. i gù-dé-a 1) énsi2) iagaš.KI 3) sipa-zi-ka-gi-na4) d nin-gír-su-ka-ke4 5) 1ú bì-1u5-da-digir-re-ne~ke4 6) si bí-sá-sá-a 7) f u j é-ninnu8) [dni]n-gír-su-ka 9) Col ii in-dù-a-ta 1) nam-ha-ni gala-mah2) MÍ-gi1-sa(Text: É)-ka-ra 3) kù-babbar zabar 4) dusu-sahar-ra 5) ù níg-en-na gàl-la-as 6) é-a-na lu nu-ku4(REC 145)-ku4-dè 7) ama-ar-gi4-bi mu-n[a-gar] 8) mu-bi-a 6 (bùr) gibil e-gaba GÁNA 9) 10) inim mu-na-gi Inscription on back o f t h e seat: Col. iii 1) [,..] fx X X X X 1 2) NI [...] r x l 3) TUR [...] U[R ...] 4) m[u ...] 5) m[u ...] 6) 7) Col. iv 1) [...] rx X xi 2) 1é?-MÍ-gi1-sa-ka1 3) du ir gaba m[u-na]-ni-D[U] 4) [a]1an-b[a] 5) [g]ù-dé-a ma-Tba?1 6) [m]u-bi 7)

[...] [...] [...]

i 1 - 5 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, Ningirsu's reliable shepherd, who (pronounces) righteous words,

i 6 - 7 ) who performs with utmost punctuality the cult rites of the gods — i 8-9) after Ningirsu's Eninnu

ii 1) had been built — ii 2 - 8 ) (Gudea) granted to Namhani, chief cantor of the privilege that no one might enter his house (with claims) to silver, bronze, earthworks, or ...

ii 9-10) On the same occasion(?) (Gudea) confirmed to him 6 bur (of) newly (developed land), (located) on the Egaba (canal).

iii 1-7) (too fragmentary for translation)

iv 1 - 4 ) [...] ... on the appropriate (day)

iv 5 - 7 ) The name of this statue is "Gudea gave(?) (it) to me."

"Statue S" Gudea(?) fashions a statue of himself, standing(?). From Girsu.

Gudea E3/1.1.7."StS"

61

COMMENTARY E§EM 5215. Limestone statue, standing(?), hands clasped; restored by Ihsan Bey and Unger from 15 fragments in Istanbul and 3 in the Louvre. Only two fragments have been published individually (see de Sarzec). Unger's reconstruction has not found general consensus ("ungesichert": Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1

p. 64 n. 396; "doubtful": Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 3). It cannot be adequately challenged, however, without dismantling the whole "statue." No attempt at reconstructing the inscription has been made here. Gudea's name is not preserved.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A p. 68* (list of text references) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 13 (study), pis. 50-51 (photos: front; back and right side of reconstructed statue) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 142-43 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 244-45 (edition), 2 pp. 84-86 (commentary)

1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I p. 330 (study of fragments of head, of hands and part of garment), II pi. 21 t e r no. 5 a (photo of head), no. 5 b (photo of hands) 1934 Unger, Forschungen und Fortschritte 10 p. 256 (study) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 170-71 (study) 1957 Unger, RA 51 pp. 169-76 (study: reconstruction), pis. I-I I (photos: front and back of reconstructed statue) 1960 Strommenger, Bagh. Mitt. 1 p. 64 n. 396, p. 81 n. 502 (study)

TEXT Remains of inscription, on front and right side(?): Col. Ï 1) fé-x é"â-digir-ra-ta [...]

2)

[...]

[...]Je?l [,..]-ke4 [dnin-gi]r-su 6) [lugal-GIS .tukul] -ke4 [dgá-tù]m-duj0 7) 4 8) [ama-1agaš.KI]-ke [dig-ali]m 9) 10) [dumu-ki-á]gCol. ii' [dnin-gír-su-ka-ke4] 1) [...]

3) 4) 5)

2) 3) 4) 5)

6) 7) 8)

[-]

r X i[...] GIŠ.dúr-gar-na [x x] ha-bí-1xl-[x] numun-na-ïnil hé-éb-til-ïnel mu-ni hé-éb-ha-1am-e-n[e]

i 1) from the ... house, the house of the (personal) god [...], Ï 2-4) [...] ...

i 5-10) Let [Ningi]rsu, [lord of the weapon], let [Gatu]mdug, [the mother of Lagas], [let Ig-ali]m, [the be1ov]ed [son]

ii' 1) [of Ningirsu], ii' 2-4) [...] ii7 5) ... on his seat, ii' 6-8) let them bring his seed to an end and let them make his name fall into oblivion.

"Statue T" Two statue fragments and a head are tentatively ascribed to Gudea. Provenance of fragments unknown; head from Nippur.

62

Gudea

E3/LL7."StT"

COMMENTARY Collection V. Golenishev no. 5144, 1 - 5 (among them 2 statue fragments, here — with Steible — a and b); L 29.212 (F 29-6-361) (head). The two fragments probably do not belong together; nor is it certain that the head found at Nippur belongs with the fragments,

even if it is correctly attributed to Gudea. There may have been far more Gudea statues than those we actually know. It is, therefore, by mere convention that we continue to cite a "Statue T" of Gudea.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1921 Shileiko, Zapiski Vostocnago Otdeleniya Russkago Archeologiceskago Obscestva 25 p. 137 (study and copy of fragments a and b) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 170 (study, identifies head as one of Gudea), pi. XIXc (photo of head)

1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 pp. 43 n. 34, 46 n. 81 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 246-47 (study), 2 pp. 86-87 (commentary)

TEXT Fragment of body a: Col. Y d 1) nisaba 2) nin-géštu 3) r n inl-[.„] (broken) Fragment of body b: Col. r V)

rmá1.gíd-

2') 3') 4') 5')

d

i ' 1 - 3 ) (For) Nisaba, the lady of wisdom, the [...]

lady, [„J

i" 1 - 3 ' ) who tows Enlil's boat, fashioned a statue of his,

en-lil-ke4 alan-na-ni mu-tu nam-ti-1a-ni-šè é-lal [m]u-na-ni-gub

i" 4 - 5 ' ) and he had it set up for her in (her) house for (the benefit o f ) his life.

Statue U Gudea fashions a statue of himself, standing (torso), and dedicates it to a goddess (Nanse?). From Tell Hammām ( 1 2 km south of Jöha, the site of ancient Umma).

COMMENTARY BM 92988, torso of a statue of "uralite-quartz-dolerite" (M.S.E. Ellis in Sollberger, RA 62 p. 142 n. 5). Inscription is on shoulder (caption) and on front part of torso.

Height 101 cm. The transliteration follows Churchill's drawing of 1850 (fig. 2 on p. 144 in Sollberger, RA 62), which is clearer than the photo of 1968.

63 Gudea E3/1.L7.StĪ

BIBL

APHY 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 43 n. 35 (study), pi. 52 (photo of front) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 143-44 (study, bibliography) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 246-49 (edition), 2 p. 88 (commentary)

1873 Lenormant, Choix no. 3 (copy of inscription on front of statue, incomplete) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 171 nos. 28 and 29 (study) 1968 Sollberger, RA 62 pp. 142-45 (study, bibliography 1856-1948), p. 144 fig. 1 (photo offrant), fig. 2 (H.A. Churchill's drawings of 1850)

TEXT Caption on right shoulder: 1) [gù-dé-a] 2) [énsi]3) 1[agaš.KI] 4) 1 [ú é-UD.MÁ.NINA].KI.[TAG] 5) i"éì-dnan[še(?)] 6) [m]u-dù-a Remains of inscription on front of statue: Col. i nin-la* i-[ni(?)] r T gù-d[é-a] y énsi4' [1ag]aš.KI [...] r x i 5' [...-m]u 6' [...] r x i T Col. ii rxi [..j 1 gi-[gunJ-ki-ág-ni 2' y šim-eren-na 4' mu-na-ni-dù Col. iii v W [...] r s[ag7. J KA rXi [...]

1-6) [Gudea. ruler of] L[agaš], who built the [Sirara House(?)], Nan[še's(?)] house.

i 1') [his(?)] lady, i 2'-4') Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

i 5 - 7 ' ) ...

ii 1') ... ii 2'-A') He built for her her beloved grove(?), in the essence (of) cedar.

iii 1 - 2 )

Statue V Upper part of a standing statue; attribution to Gudea is not beyond doubt. Provenance unknown.

COMMENTARY BM 122910. Upper part of a statue of green diorite, standing, hands clasped. Inscription (completely lost except for the traces of 2 signs) below the hands. Height 73.6 cm. Johansen's statement "There are only enough traces left of the inscription on the back to tell it is a

dedication to Nanse" (p. 22) is due to the fact that he thought it was the same as Statue U. The statue was found without a head. The head (bare) has been supplied secondarily and there is no final proof, despite the seeming identity of the stone, that head and body belong together.

64

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1935 Zervos, L'art pp. 189-91 (photos: front, details) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 168 no. 20 (study), pl. XVId (photo: front and right side) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 262 (front) 1962 Strommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamien photos 134-35 (right side, front)

1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 55 (front) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 22 and p. 45 n. 62 (extensive bibliography), pis. 72-74 (photos: front, right and left sides, back) 1987 Colbow, Rundplastik pp. 146-47 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 2 4 8 ^ 9 (bibliography)

TEXT Col. i 1)

Col. ii [...] r x i

l)

(broken)

[...] r x i

(broken)

Statue W Fragmentary statue inscription of Gudea. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 20, fragment of neck and shoulder of a statue of green and black diorite. 16x11 cm.

This inscription is hardly a caption, because finite verbal forms would not be expected in it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 13, 5 (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 171 no. 32 (study)


TEXT Single column on fragment of neck and shoulder: 1) g[ù-dé-a] 2) PA.[TE.SI]3) ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI-keJ 4) níg-du7-e pa [mu]-na-UD.D[U] 5) é-ninnu-AN.IM.MLMUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni 6) rmul-na-d[ù] (end of column or break)

1-4) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, made everything function for him as it should.

5 - 6 ) He built for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird.

According to the photograph, this is the beginning of a column; but something must have preceded it on a different part of the statue.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.StX

Statue X Fragmentary statue inscription of Gudea, dedicated to Meslamta-ea. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 26646, fragment of a diorite statue.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 250-51 (edition), 2 p. 88 (commentary), pl. XX (copy of H. Behrens)

TEXT Single column on fragment: 1) [dmes-la]m-[ta-UD.D]U-a 2) [lugal-a-n]i 3) [gù-d]é-a 4) [PA.TE. S] I(broken)

1-2) [For Mesla]m[ta]-ea, his [lord], 3 ^ ) Gudea, ruler [of Lagas, ...]

Statue Y Two inscribed fragments of a statue of Gudea. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 26633, two fragments of a limestone statue.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 252-53 (edition), 2 p. 88 (commentary)

66

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

TEXT Col. I') 2) 3') 4') 5')

i' [dnin-gír-su] [ur-sag-kal]-ga[den]-h1-1á-ra [g]ù-dé-a [é]n[si] (broken) Col. ii' l') réi-[...] (broken)

ï 1 - 5 ' ) [For Ningirsu, the migh]ty [warrior] of [En]1i1, Gudea, ruler [of Lagaš,...]

ii' i') ... [...]

Statue Z Inscribed fragment of a statue of [Gudea]. From Girsu.

COMMENTARY AO 26637, fragment of a diorite statue.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 252-53 (edition), 2 p. 89 (commentary), pl. XX (copy by H. Behrens)

TEXT Col. Y Y) [hur-s]ag-Ix1-[x]-.KI-ta 2 ) [N]A4.esi 3 ) [i]m-ta-e,, 4') [a]1an-na-šè 5') [mu]-t[u] Col. ii' 1') m[u ...] (broken)

Y Y-5') He brought down diorite from the [mountain] range of ... and fashioned it into a statue of himself. [...]

ii' 1') ... [...] (broken)

Gudea E3/1.7.SlAA

Statue AA ; of a

COMMENTARY AO 26630, fragment of a limeston

BIBLIOGRAPHY iteible, NSBW 1 pp. 254-55 (

TEXT Col. ï 2') 3')

fe-ki-ág1-gá-ni rki-bil gi4-gi4-< (broken)

i' 2'-3') [...]

Col. KASKAL fmah xl gù-dé-a

ii' 1') ... ii' 2'-4') Gudea, ruler of LagaŠ, [...]

ŠIR.[BUR.LA.KI]-rra1 Col. i £ r 0 k e n ) 1') ruR?i[...]

iii'1') ... [...]

68

Gudea E3/1.1.7.Cyls.

Inscriptions on Cylinders Gudea is the patron of a long hymnic composition commemorating the rebuilding of Ningirsu's temple complex Eninnu. From Girsu. GENERAL COMMENTARY Gudea's temple hymn consists of two parts, each of which is written on an enormous clay cylinder with thirty (Cyl. A) and twenty-four (Cyl. B) columns. The text — with its 814 + 552 = 1366 cases — is among the longest Sumerian literary texts known at present. It goes without saying that the author's translation owes an enormous amount to those of his predecessors. I mention first my teacher A. Falkenstein, whose translation of 1953 still essentially stands. Next I would like to stress my indebtedness to the late Th. Jacobsen and his translation of 1987, which, from line to line, has been a source of inspiration even in those cases where I disagree. I have tried, to the best of my ability with English as a second language, to present a translation reflecting the literary qualities of the original. I repeat here my expression of gratitude to those who helped me to correct my English (see Preface). I have tried to avoid "sens d'originalité." Whenever Jacobsen seemed to me to have hit the mark, I did not by any means endeavour to find a translation of my own. All in all, however, I am aware that our present translations are still far from yielding all the subtleties hidden in the text of the two cylinders. Plays on words certainly escape us more than once. When gù-dé-a is used not as the ruler's name ("the one called [by a god]") but as the substantive "call," "cry" (see Cyl. A ii 20 and iii 29), we have no way to render the pun in English — unless we resort to translating Gudea "McCall." For more information, see the commentaries on the individual Cylinders A and B. The bibliography lists only complete translations and does not quote the immense number of cases where single passages of Cyls. A and B are discussed in Sumerological literature. Full quotation would in fact have filled many pages.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pis. 33-35 (photos of Cyl. A), 36 (photos of Cyl. B) 1899 Price, AB 15 (copies of Cyls. A and B with sign list) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 88-123 (edition of Cyl. A), pp. 122-41 (edition of Cyl. B) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, Les cylindres de Goudéa (= TCL 8) (copies of Cyls. A and B, and of fragments 1-11) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copies of Cyls. A and B) 1948 Lambert and Toumay, RB 55, pp. 4 0 3 ^ 7 and pp. 520-43 (edition of Cyls. A and B) 1948 Parrot, Tello pl. XXIIa (photo of Cyl. B cols, ii-x — upside down) 1949-50 Falkenstein, Grammatik der Sprache Gudeas von Lagas (= AnOr 28 and 29) (morphology and syntax, words and lines quoted passim) 1953 Falkenstein, in Falkenstein and von Soden, Sumerische und akkadische Hymnen und Gebete pp. 137-82 (translation), 372-74 (study)

1966 Falkenstein, Inschriften Gudeas I, esp. pp. 178-87 (study) 1971 Baer, Goudéa, Cylindre B, colonnes XVIII à XXIV. Essai de restauration, RA 65 pp. 1-14 (study) 1978 Edzard et al., AnOr 29A (additions to Falkenstein 1949-50), esp. pp. 25*-55* (register of text references) 1982 André-Leicknam, Naissance de l'écriture p. 227 no. 169 (photo of Cyl. B cols iii-x) 1987 Averbeck, A Preliminary Study of Ritual and Structure in the Cylinders of Gudea (= dissertation, Dropsie College) vol. 1 and 2 (study, transliteration and translation pp. 589-712) 1987 Jacobsen, Harps pp. 386-444 (translation) 1992 Hurowitz, I Have Built You an Exalted House. (Sheffield) pp. 33-57 (study)

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10

69

Cylinder A

COMMENTARY Clay cylinder, height 61 cm, dia. 32 cm, thickness 2,9 cm. The object is complete, with the exception of breaks in the upper parts of cols, xiv to xvii and in the middle of col. xviii as well as occasional surface damage (i 12, ii 2» 11-13, iii 16, v 6-7, vii 2, etc.). None of the

fragments 2-4, 8-9, or 11 can be used to fill the break (frgms. 1, 6, 7, and 10 belong to different cylinders). The average number of cases per col. (27) is higher than in Cyl. B (23) owing to the greater height of Cyl. A.

TEXT

Col. i 1) u a[n-k]i-a nam tar-[ra-d]a 2) laga[š.KI]-îe1 me-gal-la [sag] an-šè mi-ni-ib-il 4

3)

d

4)

iri-me-a níg-du7 pa nam-è

5) 6) 7) 8)

šà gú-bi nam-gi4 šà-den-1í1-1á gú-bi nam-gi4 šà gú-bi nam-gi4 a-gi6-uruI6 nam-mul ní-íl-í1

9) 10) 11)

šà-den-1í1-1á-ke4 ID.idigina-àm a-du10-ga namtúm é-e 1uga1-bi gù ba-dé é-ninnu me-bi an-ki-a pa-è mu-ak-ke4

12) 13)

énsi 1ú-gèštu-daga1-kam gèstu ì-gá-gá nig-gal-gal-la šu mi-ni-mú-mú

14) 15) 16)

gu4-du7 [m]áš-du7-re6 si im-sá-sá-e sig4-nam-tar-ra sag mu-ši-íb-í1 é-kù dù-dè gú-bi mu-ši-íb-zi

17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22)

1uga1-ni-ir u4-dè maš-gi6-ka gù-dé-a en dnin-gír-sú-ra igi mu-ni-du8-àm é-a-ni dù-ba mu-na-dun é-ninnu me-bi gal-gal-la-àm igi mu-na-ni-gar gù-dé-a šà-ga-ni sù-rá-àm inim-e mi-ni-kúš-ù ga-na ga-na-ab-duM ga-na ga-na-ab-duU inim-ba ha-mu-da-gub sipa-me nam-nun-né sag ma-ab-sunv-sum níg maš-gi6-ke4 ma-ab-de6-a-gá šà-bi nu-zu

23)

24)

25) 26) 27) 28)

en-lfl-e en dnin-gír-sú-šè igi-zi mu-ši-bar

i 1-2) When in heaven and on earth the firm promise had been made (regarding Lagaš), then Lagas proudly looked up, sure of itself i 3) (for) Enlil had directed his meaningful gaze toward the lord Ningirsu. i 4) "In our city everything really functioned as it should. i 5-7) In fact, the flood again reached the banks, the flood (caused by) Enlil again reached the banks, the flood again reached the banks, i 8) being an enormous body of dark water with sparkling white crests — awe-inspiring, i 9) Enlil's flood — it is like the Tigris itself — really brought sweet water." i 10) The master said concerning his House: i 11) 'T will render Eninnu most influential in heaven and on earth. i 12-13) Wise as he is, the ruler will use his intellect, he will bestir himself to achieve great deeds. i 14-16) He will direct (for offering) unblemished bulls and he-goats. The auspicious brick (already) has looked up to him, it raised its neck (eager) to build the bright House." i 17-19) On that very day he saw his master, Gudea saw the lord Ningirsu in a night-time vision, and (Ningirsu) told him about building his House, i 20-21) He let Eninnu, whose powers are the greatest, stand before his eyes, i 22-23) Gudea, (although) having a far-reaching mind, tried to grasp the meaning, i 24-25) "Well, well, I will have to tell it to her, may she assist me in that matter, i 26-28) Profound things have come to me, the shepherd, all of a sudden — but I did not understand what the night-time vision means.

70 29)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB ama-gu l0 ma-mu-gu,0 ga-na-tum

Col. ii ensi kù-zu-me-te-na-gu10 1) d nanse nin9-A[N].UD.MÁ.NINA.KI.[TA]G.TA2) gUio šà-bi ha-ma-pà-dè 3) má-gur8-ra-na gìri nam-mi-gub 4) iri-ni niginX(NINA).KI-šè íd-nigin.KI-du-a má 5) mu-ni-ri íd-dè hul-la-e kur-ku4(REC 56) ì-si-i1-e 6) ba-gára é íd-dè 1á-a-e im-ti-a-ta 7) ninda giš bí-tag a-šèdi2 ì-dé 8) 1uga1-ba-gára-ra mu-na-gen šùd mu-na-rá 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

ur-sag pirig-zi-ga gaba-šu-gar nu-tuku d nin-gír-sú abzu-a Tglal-di nibru.KI-a nir-ga[1] ur-sag m[a]-a-duH šu-zi ga-mu-1ra1-ab-gar

14) 15) 16) 17)

d

18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23)

nin-gír-su(!) é-zu ga-mu-ra-dù me šu ga-mu-ra-ab-du7 nin9-zu dumu eridu.KI-ge tu-da nir-gá1-me-te-na nin ensiX(ME+EN.LI)-digir-rene-ke, d nanše nin9 AN.UD.MÁ.NINA.KI.TAG.TA-gul0 gìri-bi ha-ma-gá-gá gù-dé-a-ni gis ba-tuku-àm 1uga1-a-ni sískur araX(DU)-zu-ni gù-dé-a-ás en dnin-gir-sú-ke4 šu ba-ši-ti é-ba-gára-ka èš~èš ì-a5

24)

énsi-ke4 dgá-tùm-du10-šè ki-ná-a-ni ba-gub

25) 26) 27) 28) 29) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

ninda gis bf-tag a-šèd]2 ì-dé kù dgá-tùm-du10-ra mu-na-gen sískur mu-na-bé nin-gu10 dumu an-kù-ge tu-da nir-gá1-me-te-na digir-sag-zi iii kalam-ma ti-1a nu-du-zu-iri-na nin ama 1agaš.KI ki-gar-ra-me igi ùg-šè ù-ši-bar-ra-zu ní-a hé-gá1-1a-àm šu1-zi 1ú igi mu-bar-ra-zu nam-ti mu-na-sù

6) 7) B)

ama nu-tuku-me ama-gu,0 zé-me a nu-tuku-me a-gu,0 zé-me a-gu10 šà-ga šu ba-ni-du„ unu6-a ì-tu-e

9)

d

gá-tum-du10 mu-kù-zu duI0-ga-àm

i 29) (Therefore) I will bring my dream before my mother, ii 1-3) may she, the interpreter of dreams, who knows best what befits me, may my Nanse, sister in Sirara, reveal the meaning to me." ii 4) He set foot in his boat, mark you, ii 5) and he directed the boat to her city Nigin by way of the Canal-leading-to-Nigin, ii 6) merrily cutting through the waves on the river, ii 7-9) When he had come close to Bagara, the House-hanging-over-the-river, he offered bread and poured cool water. He went to the Master of Bagara and prayed to him: ii 10-12) "Warrior, rampant lion, who has no opponent, Ningirsu, important in Abzu, respected in Nippur, ii 13) O warrior, you spoke to me, and I will certainly apply myself (to this task). ii 14-15) Ningirsu, I will build you your House, do it for you as exactly as I can, ii 16-19) (but) may your sister, the child born of Eridu, unsurpassed in her specialty, may the lady, dream-interpreter among the gods, may my Nanse, sister in Sirara, show me the way." ii 20) His call was heard, ii 21-22) his master accepted from Gudea, the lord Ningirsu accepted from him prayer and rite, ii 23) (Gudea) celebrated the All-shrines (festival) in the house of Bagara. ii 24) (Then) the ruler set his bed next to (the statue of) Gatumdu. ii 25-27) He offered bread, poured cool water, he went to shining Gatumdu praying to her: ii 28-29) "My lady, child begotten by bright An, unsurpassed in your(!) specialty, proud goddess, iii 1-2) living in the Land and knowing what befits his (=Ningirsu's) city, iii 3) lady, mother, you who founded Lagas, iii 4 - 5 ) when you look upon the people, wealth ensues by itself; the worthy young man you look upon will have a long life. iii 6-8) I have no mother, you are my mother, I have no father, you are my father, you had the seed of me implanted in the womb, made me to be born from the sanctuary. iii 9) Gatumdu, your dear name is sweet.

CylA i 26 The adjective nun means, similar to Latin altus, both "high" and "deep," "profound." Cy1Aii5 For the reading nigin x see the footnote to Pirig-me 1. CylA ii 20 For another pun with the name Gudea see footnote on Gudea Statue E i 9; see also Cyl. A iii 29, B iii 2.

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)

gi6-a ma-ni-nú GIŠ.UL4(REC 4)-gal-gu10-me zà-gul0 mu-ús NE.GI-bar a-gal-la rú-a-me zi-šà mu-ši-ni-gá1 an-dùl-daga1-me gissu-zu-šè ní ga-ma-ši-íb-te Tšu-mah1-za sa-ga á-zi-da-bi nin~gu10 dgá-tùm-du10 gá-ra ha-mu-ù-šub

18)

iri-šè ì-du-e giskim-guitì hé-sa6

iii 10-12) At n i g h t y o u are my great (protective fence) of camel thorn, you are at my side, you are ...

19) kur a-ta í1-1a niginX(NINA).KI-šè 20) sukkal-inim-sa6-ga-zu igi-šè ha-ma-du 21 ) d1ama-sa6-ga-zu gìr(i)-a ha-mu-da-du 22) 23 ) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) Col. I) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

ga-na ga-na-ab-duU ga-na ga-na-ab-duU inim-ba ha-mu-da-gub ama-gu10 ma-mu-gu10 ga-na-DU ensiX(ME+EN.LI) kù-zu-me-te-na-guUJ d nanše nin-AN.UD.MÁ.NINA.KLTAG.TA-gu,0 šà-bi foa-ma-pà-dè gù-dé-a-ni giš ba-tuku-àm iv nin-a-ni sískur araX(DU)-zu-ni gù-dé-a-áš kù dgá-tùm-du10-ge šu ba-ši-ti má-gur8-ra-na gìri nam-mi-gub iri-ni niginX ( NINA ) .KI-šè kar~nigin.KI-na-ke má bí-ús énsi-ke4 kisa1-AN.UD.MÁ.NINA.KI.TAG.TAka sag an-šè mi-ni-í1 ninda giš bí-tag a-šèd ì-dé d nanše mu-na-gen šùd mu-na-rá d nanše nin-uru16 nin-išib dlama digir-ka1-1a 4

14) 15)

nin den-lil-gim nam tar-tar-re nanše-guI0 du,,-ga-zu zi-dam sag-bi-šè è-a-àm ensi-digir-re-ne-me nin-kur-kur-ra-me ama inim-guI0 u4-da ïmalmu-da šà-ma-mu-da-ka 1ú-diš-àm an-gim ri-ba-ni ki-gim ri-ba-ni

16) 17) 18) 19)

a-ne sag-gá-ni-šè digir-ra-àm á-ni-šè AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-dam SIG-ba-ni:a-šè a-ma-ru-kam zi-da gùb-na pirig ì-nú-nú

9) 10) II ) 12) 13)

d

20) é-a-ni dù-da ma-an-du„ 21 ) šà-ga-ni nu-mu-zu 22) 23)

u4 ki-šár-ra ma-ta-è munus-diš-àm a-ba me-a-nu a-ba me-a-ni

71

iii 13) and so you brought my life into existence, iii 14-15) You are a broad sunshade, I will seek cool in your shadow. iii 16-17) Indeed you let fall on me, O my lady Gatumdu, the favourable right (hand) of your lofty hands. iii 18) I will go to the city, may I have a favourable sign. iii 19-21) (On my way) to the Mountain-rising-fromthe-water, to Nigin, may your messenger of friendly words go before me, and may your kind protecting genius accompany my footsteps, iii 22-24) Well, well, I will have to tell it to her, may she assist me in that matter. iii 25) I will bring my dream before my mother, iii 26-28) may she, the interpreter of dreams, who knows best what befits me, may my Nanse, sister in Sirara, reveal the meaning to me." iii 29) His call was heard, iv 1-2) his lady accepted from Gudea, shining Gatumdu accepted from him, prayer and rite. iv 3) He set foot in his boat, mark you, iv 4) and he directed the boat to her city Nigin, mooring it at the quay of Nigin. iv 5) The ruler proudly raised his head in the courtyard of Sirara, iv 6-7) he offered bread, poured cool water, went to Nanse and prayed to her: iv 8) "Nanse, mighty queen, lustration priestess, protecting genius, cherished goddess of mine, iv 9) lady making promises as firm as Enlil does, iv 10-11) my Nanse, what you say is trustworthy, takes precedence. iv 12-13) You are the interpreter of dreams among the gods, you are the queen of all the lands, O mother, my matter today is a dream, iv 14-15) There was someone in my dream, enormous as the skies, enormous as the earth was he. iv 16-18) That one was a god as regards his head, he was the Thunderbird as regards his wings, and a floodstorm as regards his lower body, iv 19) There was a lion lying on both his left and right side. iv 20) He told me his house should be built, iv 21) (but) I did not understand what (exactly) he intended. iv 22) Daylight rose for me on the horizon. iv 23) (Then) there was a woman — whoever she might have been —

CylA iii 11 The image is taken from the shepherds protecting themselves overnight.

72 24) 25) 26)

Gudea 1 sag-gá è ki-karadin(U.SUR/U.SUR) mu-a5 gi-dub-ba-kù-NE-a šu im-mi-du8 dub-mul-an du,0-ga im-mi-gá1

Col. v

1) ad im-dab6-gi4-gi4 2) mìn-kam ur-sag-gá-àm 3) á mu-gur 1i-um-za-gìn šu im-mi-du8 4) é-a giš-hur-bi im-gá-gá 5) igi-gul0-šè dusu-kù ì-gub 6) G1Š.ù-šub-kù [s]i íb-sá 7) rsigjl-nam-tar-ra G1Š.ù-šub-ba ma-an-gá1 8) í1dag-zi-da igi-gu10 gub-ba 9) ti-gíd.MUŠEN-1ú a ü4 mi-ni-ib-zal-zal-e 10) dùr á-zi-da-1uga1-gá-ke4 ki ma-yAR.ÇAR-e 11 ) énsi-ra ama-ni dnanše mu-na-ni~íb-gi4~gi4 1 2 ) sipa-gul0 ma-mu-zu ge26 ga-mu-ra-búr-búr 13) 14) 15)

W an-gim ri-ba ki-gim ri-ba-éše sag-ge26-éš digir á-ni-ršè! AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-éše SIG-ba-a-ni-šè a-ma-ruese

16) 17) 18)

zí-da gùb-na pirig ì - n ú « H U » - n ú « H U » - a šeš-gUjo dnin-gír-sú ga-nam-me-àm è i é-ninnu-na dù-ba za-ra ma-ra-an-dun

19) 20)

u4 ki-šár-ra ma-ra-ta-è-a digir-zu dnin-giš-zi-da u4-gim ki-ša-ra ma-ra-da-

21 ) 22) 23) 24) 25) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

ki-sikil sag-gá è ki-karadin(U.SUR/U.SUR) mu-a5 gi-dub-ba-kù-NE šu bí-dura dub-mul dUi0-ga bí-gá1-1a ad im-da-gi4~a nin9-guI0 d nisaba ga-nam-me-àm vi é-a dù-ba mu1-kù-ba gù ma-ra-a-dé mìn-kam-ma ur-sag-àm á mu-gur8 li-um-za-gìn šu bí-du8-a d nin-dub-kam é-a giš-hur-ba im-mi-sè-sè-ge

6) 7) 8)

igi-zu-šè dusu-kù gub-ba ù-šub-kù si-sá-a sig4-nam-tar-ra ù-šub-ba gá1-1a sig4-zi-é-ninnu ga-nam-me-àm

9) 10) 11)

í1dag-zi-da igi-zu gub-ba ti-gíd.MUŠEN-1ú a u4 mi-ni-íb-za1-a-éše é dù-dè igi-zu ù-du10-ga nu-ši-ku4-ku4(REC 56)

ra-ta-è

.1.7.Cy1A iv 24) coming forward(?) she did ... sheaves. iv 25-26) She held in her hand a stylus of shining metal, on her knees there was a tablet (with) heavenly stars, v 1) and she was consulting it. v 2-4) Furthermore, there was a warrior who bent (his) arm holding a lapis lazuli plate on which he was setting the ground-plan of a house, v 5-7) He set before me a brand-new basket, a brand-new brick-mould was adjusted and he let the auspicious brick be in the mould for me. v 8-9) In a pleasant poplar tree standing before my eyes tigidlu birds kept twittering, v 10) A stallion at my master's right side was pawing the ground for me." v 11) His mother, Nanse, answered the ruler: v 12) "My shepherd, I will interpret your dream for you from beginning to end. v 13-15) The person who you said was as enormous as the skies, enormous as the earth, who was a god as regards his head, who, as you said, was the Thunderbird as regards his wings, and who, as you said, was a floodstorm as regards his lower parts, v 16) at whose left and right a lion was lying — v 17-18) he was in fact my brother Ningirsu; he talked to you about the building of his shrine Eninnu. v 19-20) The daylight that had risen for you on the horizon — that was your (personal) god Ningišzida: like daylight he will be able to rise for you from there. v 21-24) The young woman coming forward, who did something with sheaves, who was holding a stylus of shining metal, had on her knees a tablet (with) stars, which she was consulting — v 25) she was in fact my sister Nisaba; vi 1-2) she announced to you the bright star (auguring) the building of the House. vi 3-4) Furthermore, as for the warrior who bent his arm holding a lapis lazuli plate — vi 5) he was Ninduba: he was engraving thereon in all details the ground-plan of the House. vi 6-8) The fact that a brand-new basket was placed before you, that a brand-new brick-mould was adjusted and that the auspicious brick was placed in the mould — that verily concerned the true brick of Eninnu. vi 9-11) The fact that, as you said, in a pleasant poplar tree standing before you tigidlu birds kept twittering — (it means) that sweet sleep will not come into your eyes while you build the House.

CylA iv 24 This line is not entirely clear to me. The word karadin "sheaf undoubtedly has to do with Nanse's aspect of a grain goddess.

CylA v 13-vi 12 Nanse repeatedly uses the quotation particle -éše when she explains Gudea's words. CylA vi 5 Lit. "he made (his design) similar to the ground-plan of the House."

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 12) 13)

ANSE.DUN á-zi-da-lugal-zak( ! )-ke4 ki ma-raÇAR.HAR-a-ése zé-me é-ninnu I"x1 ni-is-ku-gim ki im-ši-HAR-e

14)

na ga-de3 na-de5-gu}0 hé-dab5

15) 16) 17) 18)

gír-su.KI é-sag-ki-1agaš.KI-šè gìri-zu ki ì-bí-ús é-níg-gurn-za kìšib ù-mi-kúr giš ù-ma-ta-gar 1uga1-zu G1Š.gigir ù-mu-D1 ANŠE.ŠUL.ÙR u-Ši-1á

19) 20) 21 )

G1Š.gigir-bi kù-NE za-gìn-na šu ù-ma-ni-tag ti mar-uru5-a u4-gim ì-è an-kár á-nam-ur-sag-ka mí ù-ma-ni-du! {

22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

šu-nir-ki-ág-ni ù-mu-na-dím mu-zu ù-mi-sar ba1ag-ki-ág-ni ušumga1-ka1am-ma GīŠ.gù-di mu-tuku níg-ad-gi4-gi4-ni ur-sag níg-ba-e ki-ág-ra

Col vii I) lugal-zu en dnin-gír-sú( ! ) 2) Té1-ninnu AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-barfi-barfi-ra ù-muna-da-ku4(REC 56)-re 3) tur-du,,-ga-zu mah-dun-ga-àm šu ba-a-ši-íb-ti 4) en-na šà an-gim sù-rá-ni d 5) nin-gír-sú dumu-den-1fl-1á-ka za-ra ma-ra-hugge26-e 6)

giš-hur-é-a-na ma-ra-pà-pà-dè

7) 8) 9) 10) II ) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30)

ur-sag-e me-ni gal-gal-la-àm šu ma-ra-ni-íb-mú-mú sipa-zi gù-dé-a gal mu-zu gal ì-ga-túm-mu inim dnanše-e mu-na-du, r ga-aš sag-sig ba-ši-gar é-níg-gurn-ra-na kìšib bí-kúr giš im-ma-ta-gar gù-dé-a giš-a mu-DU.DU giš-e mí im-e G1Š.mes-e sag bí-sa6 G1S.ha-1u-úb-ba tùn bí-bar G1Š.gigir-za-gìn-šè mu-na-a-DI ŠUL.ÛR-bi pirig kas4-e pà-da im-ma-ši-1á-1á šu-nir-ki-ág-ni mu-na-dím mu-ni im-mi-sar ba1ag-ki-ág-e ušum-ga1-ka1am-ma G1Š.gù-di mu-tuku níg-ad-gi4-gi4-ni ur-sag níg-ba-e ki-ág-ra lugal-ni en dnin-gír-su-ra é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra mu-na-da-ku4-ku4(REC 56) é-a hú1-1a-ni na-ni-ku4(REC 56)

73

vi 12-13) The stallion which, as you said, was pawing the ground for you at the right side of your master — that is yourself, like a steed you are (now) pawing the ground for Eninnu. vi 14) Let me advise you, and may my advice be taken. vi 15-18) Would you please direct your step towards Girsu, the main house of the land of Lagas, break the seal on your storehouse, lay out the wood, fit together a chariot for your master, harness to it a donkey stallion, vi 19-21) Would you please decorate that chariot with silver and lapis lazuli, let arrows protrude from the quiver like daylight, be specially careful with the ankar (weapon), the "warrior's arm," vi 22-23) Would you please fashion for him his beloved standard, write your name on it, vi 24—26) Would you please bring to the warrior who likes presents his beloved harp, the Dragon-of-theLand, the famous instrument to which he keeps listening, vii 1-2) (bring it to) your master, the lord Ningirsu, into the Eninnu, the White Thunderbird. vii 3 - 5 ) He will then accept from you your whispered word as a loud cry, and the lord's mind, (the mind) of Ningirsu, Enlil's son, that is as impenetrable as the skies, will become gentle with you. vii 6) He will disclose to you in all detail the ground-plan of his House, vii 7-8) the warrior whose powers are the greatest will bestir himself on your behalf." vii 9-10) The good shepherd Gudea is wise and able, too, to realize things. vii 11-12) To the words Nanse had spoken to him, he lowered his head. vii 13-14) He broke the seal on his storehouse, pulled aside the wooden (bolt), vii 15-16) Gudea checked the wood piece by piece, taking great care of it. vii 17-19) The mes wood he smoothed and he split the halub wood, and he fitted them together (to make) his blue chariot. vii 20-21) He harnassed to it stallions, the lionssummoned-for-running. vii 22-23) He fashioned for him his beloved standard and wrote his own name on it. vii 24-29) He (finally) brought to the warrior who likes presents, his master, the lord Ningirsu, that beloved harp, the Dragon-of-the-Land, the famous instrument to which he keeps listening, (brought it) into the Eninnu, the White Thunderbird. vii 30) He joyfully went into the House to him,

CylA vi 15 Here and in what follows the verbal prospective prefix ì(-bí-) or ù- renders a polite form of the imperative. CylA vi 24 The frame of the harp was most probably decorated with an usumgal, in the same way the famous harp from the Royal tombs of Ur was decorated with a cow's head.

74

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

Col. viii I) gù-dé-a ès é-ninnu-ta zalag-ga nam-ta-è 2) 3) 4) 5)

min-kam-ma é-sè ud-ù-dè bi-dib gh-gh ba-an-dib du6-du6 mu-si-ig i5-gar mu-gi4 al}-du,rga gir-ta im-ta-gar

6) 7) 8) 9)

šu-ga-1am ki-huš ki-di-ku5-dè ki dnin-gír-su-ke4 kur-kur-ra igi mi-ni-gá1-1a-šè udu-ì gukkal máš-niga énsi-ke4 MÍ.áš-gàr-gis-nu-zu su-ba mi-ni-KU.KU

10) II ) 12)

li.GIŠ ú-siki1-kur-ra-kam izi-a bí-si-si šim-eren ir-sim-digir-ra-kam ì-izi-bi mu-dù

13) 14)

1uga1--ir ùg-gá mu-na-zi šùd mu-na-rá ub-šu-kin-na-ka mu-na-gub ka šu mu-na-gá1

15) 16) 17)

lugal-gujo dnin-gír-sú en-a-huš-gi4-a en-zi a kur-gal-e ri-a šu1 ka-tar nu-tuku

18) 19) 20) 21 ) 22) 23) 24) 25 ) 26) 27) Col. 1) 2)

d

nin-gír-su é-zu ma-ra-dù-e giškim-gu10 nu-gu10 ur-sag níg-du7-e gù ba-a-dé dumu-den-1fl-1á en dnin-gír-su šà-bi nu-mu-ù-da-zu sà ab-gim zi-zi-zu iz-zi8(KAL)-gim gá-gá-zu a-è-a-gim gù-nun-di-zu a-ma-rui2-gim ú-uru18 gul-gul-zu u4-gim ki-ba1-šè du7-du7-zu ix lugal-gu10 šà-zu a-è-a ú-nu-1á-zu ur-sag šà an-gim sù-rá-zu

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

dumu-den-in-1á en dnin-gír-su ge26 a-na mu-ù-da-zu min-kam-ma-šè nú-a-ra nú-a-ra sag-gá mu-na-gub u14!(GÍR) mu--TAG. TAG-e ma-dù-na ma-dù-na énsi é-gu,0 ma-dù-na gù-dé-a é-gu10 dù-da giškim-bi ga-ra-ab-sum garza-gá mul-an-kù-ba gù ga-mu-ra-a-dé

11) 12) 13) 14) 15)

é-gu10 é-ninnu an-né ki-gar-ra me-bi me-gal-gal me me-a diri-ga é 1uga1-bi igi-sù fl-fl AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-gim sig4-gi4-a-bi-šè an im-ši-dúb-dúb

viii 1) and indeed Gudea came out again from the shrine Eninnu with a radiant face. viii 2-3) Thereafter, he went through the House day by day, he passed by it night by night. viii 4 - 5 ) He levelled what was high, refused (to listen to) chance utterances, he had "spittle" (of sorcery) removed from the roads. viii 6-9) Facing Šuga1am, the fearful place, the place yielding judgment, from where Ningirsu surveys all the lands, the ruler made a fattened sheep, a fat-tail sheep, and a grain-fed kid rest on hides of virgin she-goats. viii 10-12) He threw into the fire (twigs of) juniper, pure plants of the mountain, and with cedar resin, the scent suitable to the (personal) god, he built its smoke. viii 13-14) He rose to his master from among the crowd, prayed to him, he stepped up to him in the Ubsukkinna, holding his hand before his mouth: viii 15-17) "My master Ningirsu, lord who has turned back the fierce waters, true lord, semen which the Great Mountain emitted, hero who has no one to challenge him, viii 18-19) Ningirsu, I would like to build you your House, (but) I am lacking an ominous sign, viii 20-22) Warrior, you called for what is suitable, (but) son of Enlil, lord Ningirsu, I did not learn from you the heart of the matter. viii 23-25) Your heart, ever-rising like the sea, crushing like a flood, roaring like water gushing forth from (the breach of a dyke) viii 26-27) destroying cities(?) like a flood, battering against the rebel lands like a storm, ix 1-2) your heart, my master, being water in the breach of a dyke that cannot be stemmed, warrior, your heart, impenetrable like the skies, ix 3-4) son of Enlil, O lord Ningirsu, what do I know about you?" ix 5-6) Thereafter, (Ningirsu) stepped up to the head of the one who was sleeping, sleeping, briefly touching him (saying): ix 7-9) "For what you will build, will build for me, ruler, for the House you will build for me, Gudea, for the House V11 now give you the ominous sign, ix 10) I will tell you the bright star(s) (which indicate) my regu1ations(?). ix 11-15) The heavens tremble before my House, the Eninnu, founded in heaven, whose powers are the greatest, surpassing all others, before the House whose owner looks out over a great distance, (tremble) as before the roaring of the Thunderbird.

CylA viii 14 The Ubsukkinna or Ub-šu-ukkinna, perhaps literally "corner, hand of the assembly," was an official meeting place. CylA viii 15-16 This epithet probably refers to some mythological exploit of the god; see also Cyl. A ix 20. The "Great Mountain" is a traditional epithet of the god Enlil. CylA ix 11 For the translation "founded in heaven" instead of "founded by (the god) An" see Edzard in Figurative Language in the Ancient Near East, ed. Mindlin et al. (1987), p. 17. The idea is a reversal of the foundation of a building in earth, and it implies an enormous, "skyscraping" height.

Gudea 16)

me-1im3-huš-bi an-né im-ús

17) 18) 19)

é-gá ní-ga1-bi kur-kur-ra mu-ri mu-bi-e an-zà-ta kur-kur-re gú im-ma-si-si má-gan me-1uh-ha kur-bi-ta im-ma-ta-e n -dè

20) 21) 22) 23)

ge :6 dnin-gír-su a-huš-gi4-a ur-sag-ga1 ki-den-1í1-1á-ka en gaba-ri nu-tuku é-gu,0 é-ninnu ge26-en kur-ra ab-diri

24) 25) 26)

tukul-gu10 šár-ùr kur šu-šè gar-gar igi-huš-a-gu10 kur-re nu-um-íi á-(DA)-bad-a-guI01ú 1a-ba-ta-è

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

X

19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

é-hus ki-huš-guU) muš-huš-gim ki-šúr-ra bí-dù ki-ba1-gá nu-mi-íb-dun-ga u4 šà-gu10 um-ši-mi-rí-a muš zé guru5-a-gim uš ma-a-ù-ku-e é-bar6-bar6 ki-á-ág-ge26-gá ki dutu-gim da11a-a-gá ki-ba dištaran-gim di-iri-gá si ba-ni-íb-sá-e é-ba-gára ki-banšur-ra-gu10 digir-gal-gal-lagas.KI-a-ke4-ne gú ma-si-si-ne xi é-gu,0 é-sag-KAL-kur-kur-ra á-zi-da-1agaš.KI AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN an~šár-ra sig4-gi4-gi4 é-ninnu é-nam-lugal-gu,0 sipa-zi gù-dé-a u4 šu-zi ma-ši-tùm-da

a-ugu4-gu10 nam-gal ki-ág-da lugal a-ma-ru-den-1fl-1á igi-huš-a-ni kur-da nu-il d nin-gír-su ur-sag- den-1íHá mu-šè mu-sa4 me-ninnu-a zà mi-ni-kéš G1Š.banšur mu-í1 šu-1uh si bí-sá su-si-sà-a-guu an-kù-ge ù-a ba-zi-zr(GI) níg-šu-gá du)0-ga-àm a-ugu4-gu10 dUi0-ga-bi mu-gu7 an lugal-digir-re-ne-ke4 d ni[n]-ïgirl-su lugal išib-an-na mu-šè mu-sa4 ti-ra-áš abzu-gim nam-nun-na ki im-ma-ni-gar šà-bi-a ïitil-da u4-sakar-ra me-gal-gal ezen-an-na-gu10 šu-ga1 ma-du--du7

.1.7.Cy1A

75

ix 16) The fierce halo (of the House) reaches up to heaven, ix 17-19) great fear of my House hovers over all the lands, and all (these) lands will gather on its behalf from as far as where heaven ends — (even) Magan and Meluhha will descend from their mountains, ix 20-22) I, Ningirsu, who has turned back the fierce waters, great warrior of Enlifs realm, lord who has no rival — ix 23) my House Eninnu, a crown, is bigger than a mountain. ix 2 4 - 2 6 ) My weapon "Mow-down-a-myriad" subdues all the lands, no country (ever) dared to meet my fierce look, nobody escaped my outstretched arm. x 1-5) (Therefore) my father who begot me, because he greatly loves (me), called me "King, Enlil's flood, whose fierce look is never lifted from the mountain, Ningirsu, warrior of Enlil." x 6) He endowed me with the fifty powers, x 7 - 1 1 ) I dressed the table, saw to its being perfectly clean. (Then) my hand, stretched out (to touch) bright An, will rouse him from sleep. I let my father who begot me have (only) the best of the best food I have to offer. x 12-14) (Therefore) An, king of the gods, called me "Ningirsu, king, lustration priest of An." x 15-16) I founded the Tira'a s shrine as deep as the Abzu, x 17-18) every month at new moon the great powers, my "Festival of An," are performed for me there in ritual perfection. x 19-20) I built the Fierce House, my fierce place, as a fierce snake (builds its nest) in a dreadful spot, x 21-23) When my heart gets angry at a place that rebels against me, unutterable (idea), it will produce venom for me like a snake that spills gall, x 24-26) In the Ebarbar, the place where I issue orders, where I am shining like the sun god, I justly decide, like Ištaran, the lawsuits of my city. x 27-29) In the Bagara House, where my table (is set), the great gods of Lagas assemble around me.

xi 1-6) When you, O true shepherd Gudea, will effectively start (to build) my House for me, the foremost house of all lands, the right arm of Lagas, the Thunderbird roaring over the whole sky, my kingly Eninnu,

CylA x 6 The number "fifty" (ninnu) is certainly chosen in order to "rhyme" with the "fifty" in é-ninnu. CylA x 7-11 The implication of these lines is not clear to me. CylA x 15 Instead of the traditional reading "Tiras" I propose Tira'as because this spelling goes back to Early Dynastic times when a syllable of the type CVC ("ras") was not yet, as a rule, spelled CV-VC ("ra-áš"), but only CV. The spelling ti-ra-áš, therefore, most probably implies three syllables.

76

Gudea ]

7) 8) 9)

an-šè tum9-duru5-e gù ba-dé an-ta hé-gá1 ha-mu-ra-ta-du kalam-e {ié-gá1-la su hé-a-da-peš-e

10) H) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)

é-gá us ki-gar-ra-bi-da hé-gá1 hé-da-du asa5-gal-gal-e šu ma-ra-ab-í1-e paX(E.PAP) e gú-bi ma-ra-ab-zi-zi du6-du6 ki a nu-eU-da a ma-ra~e,rdè ki-en-gi-rá ì-diri mu-da-dé siki-diri mu-da-1á

18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23)

u4 temen-gu10 ma-si-ge4-na é-guI0 u4 šu-zi ma-ši-tùm-da four-sag ki tunvmir tuš-a-šè gìri-guI0 ki ì-bí-ús nita-á-diri-ke4 tum9-mir-e hur-sag ki-sikil-ta tum9 si ma-ra-ab-sá-e

24) 25) 26) 27) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

kalam-e zi-šà-gá1 ù-ma-sum lú-di1i 1ú-min-da kin mu-da-ak-ke4 gi6-a-na ì-ti ma-ra-è-è e-ne-GÁN u4-{MA}-dam ma-ra-è-è xii é u4-dè ma-ra-dù-e gi6-e ma-ra-ab-mú-mú sig-ta G1Š.ha-1u-úb GIŠ.NE-ha-an- mu-ra-ta-e,,-dè igi-nim-ta G1Š.eren GIŠ.šu(!)-úr-me G1Š.za-balum ní-bi-a ma-ra-an-tùm kur-GIŠ.esi-a-ka 6) TGIŠ1.esi ma-ra-ni-tùm 7) kur-na-ka na-ga1-hur-sag-gá 8) kiIib-ba ma-ra-ku5-e 9) 10) u4-bi-a á-zu izi bí-tag 11) giskim-guI0 ha-mu-ù-zu 12) gù-dé-a ì-zi ù-sa-ga-àm 13) ì-ha-1uh ma-mu-dam 14) inim-du,rga-dnin-gír-su-ka-šè 15) sag-sig ba-ši-gar 16) máš-bar6-bar6-ra šu mu-gíd-dè 17) máš-a šu ì-gíd máš-a-ni ì-sa6 18) 19) 20) 21)

22)

23)

gù-dé-a šà-dnin-gír-su-ka u4-dam mu-na-è gal mu-zu gal ì-ga-túm-mu énsi-ke4 iri-na 1ú-di1i-gim na-ri ba-ni-gar ki-1agaš.KI-e dumu-ama-dili-a-gim šà mu-naAŠ-e

.1.7.CylA xi 7-9) then I will call up to heaven for a humid wind so that surely abundance will come to you from above and the land will immediately (or: under your reign) gain in abundance. xi 10-11) When the foundations of my House will be laid, abundance will surely come at the same time: xi 12-15) the great fields will "raise their hands" to you, dykes and canals will "raise their neck" to you, water will — for your profit — (even) rise to "hills" where it never reaches (in other years), xi 16-17) Under your rule more fat (than ever) will be poured, more wool (than ever) will be weighed in Sumer. xi 18-23) When you will have driven in my foundation pegs and will have effectively started (to build) my House for me, then I will direct my foot to the mountain where the north wind dwells, and the man of the enormous wings, the north wind, will blow favourably in your direction from the mountain, the pure place. xi 24-25) It will give life to the Land, so that a single person will be able to work as much as two. xi 26-27) At night moonlight and at noon the sun will send plentiful light for you, xii 1-2) so that the day will build (the House), the night will make it grow for you. xii 3-5) halub and N.-trees will come up to you from "Below," cedars, cypresses, and zabalum trees will be brought to you all at once from above. xii 6-9) Ebony trees I will have brought to you from the ebony mountain, and in the stone mountain I will cut for you mighty stones of the mountain ranges in slab form. xii 10-11) At that time your arm will be (as if) branded by fire — did you (now) understand what I intended to show you?" xii 12-13) Gudea rose from sleep, he was frightened by the dream. xii 14-15) To the words Ningirsu had spoken he lowered his head. xii 16—17) He was inspecting the (liver of a) white sacrificial animal, and having finished, he had a favourable omen. xii 18-19) Ningirsu's intention (now) had become clear as daylight to Gudea. xii 20) He is wise and able, too, to realize things, xii 21-23) The ruler issued orders to his city as to one single person, making the land of Lagas of one accord as the children of one mother.

CylA xi 13 "To raise the neck" (gú zi) is to be seen as an image of activity as opposed to "drop the neck" (gu sub), meaning "to be idle." CylA xi 25 The translation follows a suggestion made by P. Steinkeller. CylA xii 10 Cf. D. Foxvog, ZA 85 (1995), p. 6 n. 21.

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 24) 25) 26)

gis su mu-dug G1Š.ád mu-zi ú-gur5 mu-gar duU-dun-ga bí-gi4 šerX(NIR)-da é-ba im-ma-an-gi4

Col. xiii 1) ù-sa-an bar-ús-sa eme ì-du8 2) siki-udu-Iganl-na-kam šu-a mi-ni-gar-gar 3) ama-a dumu-da gù n[u]-ïma-dal-dé 4) dumu-ù ama-ni-ra ka-dù-a 5) nu-ma-na-du„ 6) úrdu á-giš-tag tuku-ra 7) lugal-a-ni sag nu-ma-da-dúb 8) géme lú nam-arax(DU)-hul mu-na-aka 9) nin-a-ni igi-na níg nu-mu-na-ni-ra 10) énsi é-ninnu dù-ra 11) gù-dé-a-ar i5-gar-bi 1ú-ù nu-ma-ni-gar 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)

énsi-ke4 iri mu-kù izi im-ma-ta-1á ùsug-ga ní-gá1lú-gi-AN iri-ta ba-ta-è gá-ù-šub-ba-šè máš ba-ši-nú sig4 máš-e bí-pà

18) 19)

ka-a1-bi-šè igi-zî ba-ši-bar sipa mu-pà-da-dnanše-ke4 nam-nun-na ì-gar

20) 21) 22) 23)

gá-ii-šub-ba giš bí-hur-ra-ni ka-al nam-nun-na mu-ni-gar-ra-ni AN.IM.MLMUŠEN šu-nir-1uga1-1a-na-kam ùri-šè bí-mu1

24) 25)

u5 bùr èše-šè iri mu-na-kù-ge u5 mu-na-sikil-e

26) 27)

1i.GIŠ ú-siki1-kur-ra-kam izi-a bí-si-si šim-eren ir-sim-digir-ra-kam ì-izi-bi mu-dù

28) 29) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

u4 sískur-ra mu-na-a-gál gi6 šùd-dè mu-na-zal-e xiv d ra1-[nun-na J-ki-1agaš[.KI] é-dnin-gír-su-ka dù-dè gù-dé-a sískur araX(DU )-lzuI rmu-da-an1-šu4-šu4-ge-éš sipa-zi gù-dé-a 1}ú1-1a-gim im-ma-na-ni-íb-gar

CylA xii 26 Cf. Gudea Statue B vii 36f. CylA xiii 1-2 Cf. Gudea Statue B iv 18f. CylA xiii 24 The area is one of c. 8.5 hectares or 21 acres.

77

xii 24-25a) They (Lagaš) took tools in hand, weeded shrubs, raked the cut weeds together(?). xii 25b-26) (Gudea) barred (unnecessary) words and he sent crime back to its "house." xiii 1-2) He undid the "tongue" of the whip and the goad, and (instead) he laid wool of ewes in the hands (of the overseers). xiii 3-5) No mother would have words with her child, and no child would disobey its mother. xiii 6-9) No master would hit (his) slave on the head (when) he had and no mistress would slap the face of the slave woman who had misbehaved towards her. xiii 10-11) Nobody before the ruler building the House, before Gudea, would let fall a chance utterance. xiii 12-13) The ruler cleansed the city, let (purifying) fire go over it. xiii 14-15) He banned from the city all persons ritually unclean, unpleasant to look at and ... xiii 16-17) He made a sacrificial animal lie down towards the shed of the brick-mould, he found (an omen for) the brick (by means of) the kid('s liver), xiii 18-19) (Then) he looked contentedly at the clay pit; the shepherd whom Nanse had called by name reached deeply into it (for clay), xiii 20-23) The design he had drawn at the shed of the mould and the clay pit (into which) he had reached deeply rendered indeed (in each case) the Thunderbird, the standard of his master. He made it glitter on (Ningirsu's) banner, xiii 24-25) The city was purifying for him (as much as) an area of (18+6=)24 iku, it was cleansing for him (that) area. xiii 26-27) (Twigs) of juniper, pure plants of the mountain, he threw into the fire, and he made the smoke (of them) as if it were from cedar resin, the scent suitable to the (personal) god. xiii 28-29) The day was for him (one of) rituals, while prayer made the night pass by for him. xiv 1 ^ ) In order to build the House, the A[nūna] gods of the land Lagas stood by Gudea in ritual and prayer. xiv 5 - 6 ) This made the true shepherd Gudea extremely happy.

78 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12 ) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB u4-ba énsi-ke4 kalam-ma-na zi-ga ba-ni-gar ma-da gú-sag-šár-šár-ra-na gú-eden-na-dnin-gír-su-ka-ka zi-ga ba-ni-gar iri-dù-a á-dam-gar-ra-na gú-giš-bar-ra-dnanše-ka zi-ga ba-ni-gar gu4-huš-zi-ga gaba-gi4 nu-tuku GIŠ.eren-bar6-bar6-ra lugal-bi-ir dab6-ba im-ru-a-dnin-gír-su-ka-ka zi-ga mu-na-gá1 šu-nir-mah-bi 1uga1-kur-dúb sag-bi-a mu-gub

19) peš10- gá1 gaba-gá1 a-ta è-a 20) íd-mah a-diri [h]é-gá1-bi bàra-bàra 21 ) im-ru-a-dnanše-ka 22) zi-ga mu-na-gá1 23) u5-kù šu-nir-dnanše»kam sag-bi-a mu-gub 24) gu máš-anše eden-na 1á-a 25 ) ni-is-ku ÉREN-mu-tuku ÉREN dutu ki-ág 26) im-ru-a-dinanna-ka zi-ga mu-na-gá1 27) aš-me su-nir-dinanna-kam sag-bi-a mu-gub 28) CoL 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28 ) 29) 30)

é-dnin-gír-su-ka dù-dè xv Ī..J rXi [...] rXi [...] fxi [...] rXi [...] [ x x x (x)] TE rX1 [x x (x)] Šu N[I] [x (x) U]Š [[x (x)] gar elam elam-ta mu-na-gen šušin.KI šušin-ta mu-na-gen má-gan me-1uh-ha kur-bi-ta gú giš mu-na-ab-gá1 é-dnin-gír-su-ka dù-dè gù-dé-a iri-ni gír-su.KI-šè gú mu-na-si-si d

nin-zà-ga-da á mu-da-ág urud-da-ni še-mah de6-a-gim gù-dé-a 1ú-é-dù-a-ra mu-na-ab-ús-e d nin-siki1-a-da á mu-da-áj* G1Š.ha-1u-úb-ga1-ga1 G1S.esi giš-ab-ba-bi énsi é-ninnu dù-ra mu-na-ab-ús-e kur-G1Š.eren-na lu nu-ku4-ku4(REC 56)-da gù-dé-a en dnin-gír-su-ke4 gír mu-na-ni-gar G1Š.eren-bi tùn-gal-e im-mi-ku3 šár-ùr á-zi-da-1agaš.KI-a tukul a-ma-ru-1uga1-1a-na-šè tùn im-ma-bar muš-mah-àm a-e im-diri-ga-àm hur-sag-GIŠ.eren ad-GIŠ.eren-na hur-sa|-GIŠ, šu-úr-me-ta ad-GIS.šu-úr-me hur-sag-GIŠ.za-ba-1um-ma-ta

xiv 7-10) In those days the ruler imposed a levy on his Land, on his realm on Ningirsu's Gu-edenna, he imposed a levy. xiv 11-13) He imposed a levy on his built-up cities, his rural settlements, on Nanse's Gu-gisbarra. xiv 14-18) There was a levy for him on Ningirsu's "clans" (having the emblem) "Rampant fierce bull that has no one to oppose it" (and) "White cedar passing a1ong(?) for its master," and he placed their magnificent standard "King who makes the mountain tremble" in front of them. xiv 19-23) There was a levy for her on Nanse's "clans" "both river banks and shores rising from the water, the huge river, abounding in water, whose abundance spreads everywhere," and he placed the "White Swan(?)," Nanse's emblem, in front of it. xiv 24-27) There was a levy for her on Inanna's "clans," "Snare stretched out for the beasts of the steppe" (and) "Choice steeds, famous team, team beloved by Utu," and he placed the rosette, Inanna's standard, in front of it. xiv 28) In order to build Ningirsu's House xv 1-5) [...] ...

xv 6-7) The Elamites came to him from Elam, the Susians from Susa. xv 8-10) Magan and Meluhha, (coming down) from their mountain, loaded wood on their shoulders for him, and in order to build Ningirsu's House they all joined Gudea (on their way) to his city Girsu. xv 11-14) (Ningirsu) ordered Nin-zaga, and he brought to Gudea, the builder of the House, his copper as (much as) if it were huge quantities of grain. xv 15-18) (Ningirsu) ordered Ninsikila, and she brought to the ruler who built the Eninnu great halub logs, ebony wood along with "wood of the sea." xv 19-21) The lord Ningirsu cleared the way for Gudea to the impenetrable cedar mountain. xv 22-26) Great axes cut into its cedars, and (Gudea) had the axe hewed (the wood) so as to (shape) the "Mow-down-a-myriad," the Right-armof-Lagaš, the weapon, floodstorm of his master; it floated downstream like an enormous serpent, xv 27-34) Rafts of cedarwood from the cedar slopes, of cypress wood from the cypress slopes, and of zabalum wood from the zabalum slopes, (moreover) long spruce trees, plane-trees, eranum trees — rafts

Cy!A xiv 9 Gu-edenna, literally "the edge of the steppe," was situated between Girsu and Umma. It was fertile land, and in the past both city-states had alternately laid claim to it.

Gudea 31) 32) 33) 34) 35 ) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14) 15 ) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25 ) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32)

ad-GIŠ.za-ba-1um GIS.ù-<suî}5>-gal-gal G1Š.tu-1u-bu-um G1Š.e-ra-núm ad-gal-gal-bi diri-diri-ga-bi kar-mah-ká-sur-ra-ke4 xvi [...] [kur-na-ka 1ú-nu-ku4-ku4(REC 56)-da] [gù-dé-a-ar] en d[nin-gír]-su-[ke4] gír mu-[na-ni-gar] na-gal-gal-bi 1agab-ba mi-ni-túm má-ha-f ù1-na má-na-1u-a ésir-a-ba-al ésir-IGLÉSIR im-bar6-bar6-ra hur-sag-má-ad-ga-ta níg-gur„ má še-aša5 de6-a-gim gu-dé-a en dnin-gír-sú-ra im-ma-na-ús énsi é-ninnu dù-ra nig-gal-gal-e šu mu-na-ab-fl hur-sag-uruda-ke4 ki-maš-ta ní-bi mu~na-ab-pà uruda-bi gi-si-a-ba mu-ni-ba-al 1ú é-Iugal-na dù-dam énsi-ra kù-sig17 kur-bi-ta sahar-ba mu-na-tùm gù-dé-a kù-NE-a kur-bi-ta mu-na-ta-e t, -dè gug-gi-rin-e me-1uh-ha-ta šu mu-na-peš-e kur-nun-ta nuM mu-na-ta-en-dè sipa-dè é kù-ga mu-dù-e kù-dím im-da-tuš é-ninnu za mu-dù-e zadim im-da-tuš uruda an-na-a mu-dù-e saga-simug dnin-tu-ka1am-ma-ke4 igi-ni-šè si im-sá na4-šu-min-e u4-da-àm sig4 mu-na-ab-gi4 NA4.esi na4-šu-ke4

Col. xvii 1) [x x (x)] min [x x (x)]-peš 2) [(x)] rXl ti [(x)] r x l nam [(x)] ral-mah[UD.D]U-a-gim 3) [(x)xm]u[(x)x]Tx1 ([...]) 4) [...] 5) U[D x x] mu-[x (x)] 6) gi25-g[i25](DUGUD) mu-na-gÍd 7) nam-é-dù-da-1uga1-1a-na-šè 8) ù gi6-an-na nu-um-ku4-ku4(REC 56) 9) ù an-ba-ra sag nu-mi-íb-dù-e 10) igi-zi-bar-ra-dnanše-kam 11 ) den-1í1-1á 1u-šà-ga-na-kam 12) énsi [x] fx xl ([x]) dnin-gír-su-ka-kam 13) gù-dé-a unu6-mah-a tu-da14) dgá-tùm-du10-ga-kam 15) dnisaba-ke4 é-géstu-ke4

.1.7.Cy1A

79

thereof endlessly floating downstream,

xv 35-xvi 1 ) [he moored ] at the main quay of Kasurra. xvi 2-6) The lord [Ningir]su [cleared] the way [for Gudea to the impenetrable "stone-mountain"], and huge rocks in the form of slabs he caused to be brought. xvi 7-12) (Then) Gudea transported for the lord Ningirsu dried bitumen and ...-bitumen as well as gypsum from the mountain range of Madga, by means of boats (of the types) hauna and nalua, (as much) as if it were harvest, (when) boats bring in the grain of the fields. xvi 13-14) Things of all sorts came to the succour of the ruler who built the House. xvi 15-17) From Kimaš, the copper mountain range made itself known to him, and he dug its copper into baskets. xvi 18-20) Gold from its mountain in dust form was brought to the ruler who was to build the House of his master. xvi 21-24) Silver from its mountain is being brought down to Gudea, light carnelian from Meluhha spreads before him, alabaster from the alabaster mountain they are bringing down to him. xvi 25-30) When building the House with silver, the shepherd sat with the silversmith, when building the Eninnu with precious stones, he sat with the jeweller, and when building it with copper and tin, then Nintu-kalama directed before him the chief of the smiths. xvi 31-32) The "stone-of-two-hands" (two-handed hammer?) screamed for him like a storm, the diorite, the "stone-of-the-hand," xvii 1) [...] two [...] three xvii 2) [...] like a huge mass of water gushing forth, xvii 3 - 5) [...] ... xvii 6) He made (rain) clouds move for him. xvii 7-9) Because he was building the House of his master he neither slept at night nor did he rest his head for the siesta. xvii 10-17) For him, looked at benignly by Nanše, the one after Enlil's heart, the [...] ruler of Ningirsu, for Gudea whom Gatumdu created in the august sanctuary — for him Nisaba opened the "house-ofwisdom," while Enki straightened out for him the ground-plan of the House.

CylA xvi 7 Translate perhaps "boats (carrying) A.-clay, boats (carrying) innumerable stones," and cf. Steinkeller).

im-ha-murt

in Statue B vi 57 (P.

80

Gudea

16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25)

gá1 mu-na-taka é-a den-ki-ke4 giš-hur-bi si mu-na-sá é me-lim5-bi an-né ús-sa me-bi an-ki-da gú-1á-a lugal-bi en igi-huš il-il ur-sag dnin-gír-su mè gal-zu-bi é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-šè gù-dé-a sig-ta ba-ši-gen nim-šè u5 bí-dun nim-ta ba-ši-gen sig-šè u5 bí-dun

26) 27)

iku-zi-dam éše ì-gar-gar á-ba giš bí-gar ní-te-ni mu-zu

28)

hú1-1a-gim im-ma-na-ni-íb-gar

29)

ù-te-àm é-1ibir-ra-áš araX(DU)-zu-a ba-gen

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

xviii gù-dé-a bára-gír-nun-na-ta šà mu-na-bug-ge26-e u4 im-zal a mu-{A}-tu5 me-te-ni mu-gi d utu hé-gá1 mu-na-ta-è [g]ù-dé-a [min]-kam-áš iri-kù-[ta] im-ma-[taU]D.DU gu4-d[u7] máš-du7-re6 giš bí-tag é-e im-ma-gen ka šu im-ma-gá1 dusu-kù G1Š.ù-šub-zi-nam-tar-ra é-n[innu] rX1 [m]u [...] 1à[1(?)...] mu-1á sag-Í[I] mu-du d 1uga1-kur-dúb igi-šè mu-na-du d ig-a1im-ke4 gír mu-na-gá-gá d nin-giš-zi-da digir-ra-ni šu mu-da-gá1-gá1 gá-ù-šub-ka a-sa-ga ì-aS énsi-ra a-dab6 si-im á-iá mu-na-tuku-àm

7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13 ) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19)

ka-al sig4-bi sag im-mi-dug

20) 21) 22) 23)

làl ì-nun ì-duI0-nun-na al im-ma-ni-tag ŠIMxÙ0 ŠIMxPĪ giš-hi-a A0-šè im-mi-a5 dusu-kù mu-íl ù-šub-e im-ma-gub

24) 25) 26) 27) 28 ) Col. 1) 2)

gù-dé-a im ù-šub-ba ì-gar níg-du7 pa bí-è é-a sig4-bi pa-è mu-ni-gá-gá kur-kur-re ì mu-da-sud-e eren mu-da-sud-e xix iri-ni ki-1agaš.KI-e sin-1í-a u4 mu-dì-ni-íb-za1-e

.1.7.Cy1A

xvii 18-24) To the House whose halo reaches to heaven, whose powers embrace heaven and earth, whose master is the lord lifting fierce looks, the warrior Ningirsu, tested in battle — to the Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, Gudea went from below; (walking) upwards he turned round. xvii 25) (Then) he went from above; (walking) downwards he turned round (again), xvii 26-28) He applied the measuring rope to what was exactly an iku, he had pegs driven in alongside and personally made sure (it was correct). It made him extremely happy. xvii 29) When night fell he went to (the site of) the old House, praying, xviii 1-2) Gudea calms him (Ningirsu) the heart from the dais of Giraun. xviii 3-5) Day broke, he took a bath, got properly dressed(?), and a Sun (causing) abundance rose to him. xviii 6-9) [A second] time Gudea left the Shining City, slaughtered an unblemished bull and kid, went up to the House, and raised his hand to his mouth (in salute). xviii 10-11) The brand-new basket and the auspicious brick-mould that had been firmly promised (to him) [he carried] to the Eninnu, xviii 12-16) ..., proudly he walked, "King who makes the mountain tremble" going ahead of him while Ig-alim cleared the way for him (and) Ningiszida, his (personal) god, held him by his hand all the time. xviii 17-18) He libated propitious water in the shed of the brick-mould while drums and kett1e-drums(?) accompanied an adab song for the ruler, xviii 19) As for the clay pit, he uncovered the top for the brick (to be made). xviii 20-22) He hoed in syrup, butter, and cream, mixed ambergris and essences from all kinds of trees into a paste. xviii 23) He raised the brand-new carrying-basket and set it before the mould. xviii 24-26) Gudea put the clay in the mould, acted precisely as prescribed, and he succeeded in making a most beautiful brick for the House. xviii 27-28) At that, all the bystanders sprinkled oil, sprinkled cedar essence. xix 1-2) His city and the land of Lagas spent the day with him in rejoicing.

CylA xvii 17 Here and in Cyl. A xx 15 a double entendre may be implied: while é-a is certainly to be understood as a genitive, "of the House," in the immediate vicinity of den-ki it may also evoke Enki's Akkadian name, é-a. CylA xvii 23-26 The interpretation follows a suggestion made by F. Steinkeller. CylA xviii 27 kur-kur sometimes seems to mean "all the people," "tout le monde," not necessarily implying the presence of inhabitants of foreign countries.

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 3) 4) 5)

ù-šub mu-dúb sig4 u4-dè ba-šub ka-al im-àga-rí-na-ba-šè igi-zi ba-ši-bar

6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

ŠIMxPI-ha-šu-úr ŠIMxUH-a sag im-<ma>-ni-dUg sig4 ù-šub-ba mu-ni-gar-ra-ni d utu im-da-hú1 àga-rí íd-mah-gim zi-ga-na 1uga1 den-l"ki naml mu-[x-t]ar [sig4] mu-Igar ù-šub1-[b]a(?) é-a ì-ku4(REC 56) gá-ù-šub-ba-ta sig4 ba-ta-fl men-kù an-né fl-1a sig4 mu-í1 ùg-gá-na mu-du ÉREN-kù-dutu sag bal-e-dam sig4-e é-šè sag-fl-1a-bi áb-dnanna tùr-ba rín-rín-dam

19) 20) 21)

sig4 mu-gar é-a mu-DU.DU é-a giš-hur-bi im-gá-gá d nisaba šà-šid zu-àm

22) 23)

1ú-tur gibil-bi é dù-gim igi-ni ù-du10-ga nu-ši-ku4(REC 56)

24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

áb amar-bi-šè ìgi gá1-1a-gim é-šè te-te-ma im-ši-gen 1ú níg-tur ka-a gub-ba-gim du-du-e nu-ši-kúš-ù šà-1uga1-na u4-dam mu-è

Col. xx I) gù-dé-a-ar inim-dnin-gír-su-ka ùri-àm mu-ru 2) 3)

šà-gù-di-é-dù-da-ka-na i5-gar-sa6-ga-a lú ma-a-gar

4) 5)

^ùl-la-gim im-ma-na-ni-íb-gar maš-a šu ì-gíd maš-a-ni ì-sa6

6) 7) 8) 9) 10) II ) 12) 13) 14)

A.MIR-e se ba-sum igi-bi si íb-sá gù-dé-a sag-šè nú mu-nú inim mu-na-ta-è é-lugal-na-ka dù-bi é-ninnu an-ki-ta bad-bi [i]gi-a mu-na-a-gá1 hú1-1a-gim im-[ma-na-n]i-í[b-ga]r gu mu-ba-ra me šu im-du?-du7 uz-ga-kù-ge èš mu-gá-gá

81

xix 3 - 5 ) He struck the brick-mould: the brick fell right under the sun; he looked with complete satisfaction towards the clay pit, the clay of the "crucible" (of the brick). xix 6 - 7 ) He spread on it cypress essence and ambergris. xix 8-9) The sun god rejoiced over (Gudea's) brick, which he had put in the mould, xix 10-12) On his "crucible" that was rising like a great river, King Enki ... xix 13-16) (Gudea) raised the brick out of the shed of the mould, he carried the brick — a lovely tiara rising heavenwards — around among his people — it was like Utu's shining team ... xix 17-18) As (more and more) bricks "raised their heads" for the House, they were like the cows of the moon god hitched in their pen. xix 19-21) (Thus) he produced bricks, had them brought to the House, putting them (there) according to the ground-plan of the House — (only) Nisaba knowing how many there were. xix 22-23) Like a young person building a house for the first time he let not sweet sleep come unto his eyes, xix 24-25) Like a cow keeping an eye upon her calf he went around the House in constant worry, xix 26-27) Like someone who takes but little food into his mouth he went around untiringly. xix 28) The intention of his master had become clear (to him) like daylight, xx 1) Ningirsu's words stood rammed in to Gudea like banners. xx 2-3) Has someone let slip a propitious ominous remark for me on his (Ningirsu's) intention of housebuilding? xx 4) It made him extremely happy. xx 5) He inspected an (omen) kid, and his omen was favourable. xx 6) He cast barley on its appearance was right. xx 7 - 8 ) Lying down Gudea rested, and a "word" came up to him: xx 9-11) The building of his master's House, the separating of the Eninnu from heaven and earth — was it (not) before his eyes? xx 12) It made him extremely happy. xx 13-14) He had strings pulled in the most perfect way, he made the sanctuary available for ...

CylA xix 11-12 It is difficult to harmonize completely Thureau-Dangin's copy with the traces visible on the photo in de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 34. The passage should be collated. CylA xix 17 The bricks "raised their heads," i.e., they were piled up. CylA xx 6 Probably another act of extispicy. CylA xx 10 The line refers to Eninnu's becoming an entity of its own, no longer imbedded in the amorphous mass before the creation of the world. CylA xx 14 I do not understand uz-ga here or in Cyl. A xxviii 9. Cf. the discussion in P. Steinkeller and J.N. Postgate, Third-

Millennium Legal and Administrative Texts in the Iraq Museum, Baghdad (1992), p. 60.

Gudea

82

E3/l.L7.CylA

é-a den-ki-ke4 temen mu-si-ge nanše dumu-eridu.KI-ke4 eìí-bar-kíg-GÁ mí bani-du„ 17) ama-1agaš.KI kù dgá-tùm-du1{rgé 18) sig4-bi kur-ku4(REC 56)-a mu-ni-tu 19) dba-ú nin dumu-sag-an-na-ke4 20) ì šim-eren-na ba-ni-sù 21) é-e en ba-gub 1a-ga1 ba-gub 22) me-e šu si im-ma-sá 23) da-nun-na ù-di-dè im-ma-šu4-šu4-ge-éš 24) gù-dé-a 1ú-é-dù-a-ke4 25) é-a dusu-bi men-kù sag-gá mu-ni-gá1 26) uš mu-gar á-gar ki im-mi-tag 15) 16)

d

27)

silim mu-sum sig4-ga gu bí-dúb

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

xxi é-a silim-min-nam nam-mi-sum gu kùrun-ba sag gá1-1a-àm é-a si1im-eš5-àm nam-mi-sum AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN amar-a á-pag-àm

5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

é-a silim-limmu5 nam ! (RI)-mi-sum nemur (PIRIG.TUR) pirig-huš-a gú-da 1á-àm é-a si1im-ía-àm nam-mi-sum an-nisig su-1im í1-la-àm é-a si1im-àš-àm nam-mi-sum u4-sá-du,rga hi-1i gùr-àm

11) 12)

é-a siiim-imin nam-mi-sum é-ninnu ì-ti u4-zal-la kalam si-àm

13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

G1Š.ákan-na im-gá-gá-ne an-nisig-ga men íÎ-1a-[à]m G1Š.ákan-na-ta ba-ta-tuš é-mah an-da gú-1á-a é mu-dù giš-e im-ma-šub ambar-dnanna sag-kéš-den~ki-ka-kam

19) 20)

é hur-sag-gim im-mú-mú-ne DUGUD-gim an-šà-ge im-mi-ni-íb-diri-diri-ee

21) 22)

rgu4-giml si im-mi-íb-ÍL.ÍL-ne giš-gána-abzu-gim kur-kur-ra sag ba-ni-íb-fl-ne

23) 24) 25)

é-e hur-sag-gim an-ki-a sag an-šè mi-ni-íb-ft eren-duru5 ki-ú-rib mú-a-àm é-ninnu sig4-ki~en-gi-rá-ka hi-1i mu-ni-íb-du8-dug

26) 27)

é-a giš im-gá-gá-ne ušum-abzu téš ba-è-dè-dam

28)

KA an-na im-mi-íb-ù-ù-dam

xx 15-16) Enki was filling in the foundation boxes in the House, Nanse, daughter of Eridu, took care of the oracular messages, xx 17-18) the mother of Lagas, fair Gatumdu, gave birth to the bricks (for the House) as desired(?), xx 19-20) Bau, the lady, first-born daughter of An, sprinkled on it oil and cedar essence. xx 21-23) The en and lagar (priests) standing by the House did everything to perfection, and the Anūna gods came there full of admiration. xx 24-26) Gudea the House-builder had the carryingbasket for the House on his head like a pure crown, he laid the foundations, set the walls into the ground. xx 27) He greeted (the House) (with the song starting) "The string hit the bricks." xxi 1-2) He then indeed greeted the House a second time: "In the fruits on the line ..." xxi 3 - 4 ) He then greeted the House a third time: "The Thunderbird spreads its wings over the young one." xxi 5 - 6 ) Then he greeted the House a fourth time: "A panther is embraced by a fierce lion." xxi 7 - 8 ) Then he greeted the House a fifth time: "The blue skies are carrying splendour." xxi 9-10) Then he indeed greeted the House a sixth time: "The day that has arrived is laden with loveliness." xxi 11-12) And he greeted the House a seventh time: "Eninnu bathes the Land in moonlight at dawn." xxi 13-14) They were setting the wooden doorframes: "Blue sky wearing a crown." xxi 15-16) He sat down beside the door-frame: "Huge House embracing the heaven." xxi 17-18) He (thus) built the House, letting it "fall" against the wooden (scaffolding); it is Nanna's lagoon, attended by Enki. xxi 19-20) They make the House grow like a mountain range, let it soar into the midst of heaven like a cloud. xxi 21-22) They make it lift (its) horns like a bull, make it raise (its) head over all the lands like the gisgana tree of the Abzu. xxi 23-25) The House looked up like a mountain range between heaven and earth, it is a luscious cedar growing ..., they garnished Eninnu with charm, Eninnu, the "Brick of Sumer." xxi 26-27) They are setting the wooden (beams) on the House, each of them ending in a "Dragon-of-theAbzu." xxi 28) ...

CylA xx 18 An alternative interpretation for kur-ku4 would be "amid the waves" with allusion to birth waters (amniotic fluid) (P. Steinkeller). CylA xx27-xxi 16 The words put in quotation marks were perhaps spells (as supposed by Jacobsen, Harps p. 493 n. 98) or incipits of songs. See, however, additional note on p. 106. CylA xxi 17 i.e., the House rose within the scaffolding surrounding it.

Gudea Col. xxii I) mus-mal) hur-sag-gá nam-ak-àm 2) é gi-guru5-bi muš-kur-ra t[é]š-ba nú-àm

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

sa-tu-l"bil eren-duru5 ha-š[u]-úr-ra šu hé-tag-gaàm àga-eren igi-u6-di-bi-a eren-bar6-bar6 im-gá-gáne šim-zi ì-hi-nun-ka mí ba-ni-íb-e-ne é im-du8-a-bi hi-nun-abzu šu-tag-ga-àm e5-gar-KA-bi im-ši-íb-suru5-ne èš é-ninnu šu-baragX(ÉxBAD)-an-na-ka GAR.GAR-a-àm énsi-ke4 é mu-dù mu-mú kur-gal-gim mu-mú temen-abzu-bi dim-gal-gal ki-a mi-ni-si-si d en-ki-da é-an-gur4-ra-ka šà mu-dì-ni-íb-kúš-ù

15)

temen-an-na ur-sag-àm é-e im-midibx(URUDU) ki-a-nag-digir-re--ka a im-na8-nara

16) 17)

é-ninnu dim-gal mu-gi ABGAL.ŠÚD-bi mu-dù

18) 19) 20) 21)

iri-na GĪŠ.ása1-duJ0-bi mu-dù gissu-bi mu-1á G1Š.šár-ùr-bi ùri-ga1-gim 1agaš.KI-da im-da-si šu-ga-1am ki-huš-ba im-mi-ni-gar

22)

su-zi bí-dUg-dUg bára-gír-nun-na ki-di-ku5-ba

23)

ú-a 1agaš.KI gu4-gal-gim á ba-fl-í1

24)

na-gal-gal 1agab-ba mi-ni-de6-a

Col. 1) 2) 3)

xxiii mu-aš-a mu-túm mu-aš-a mu-a5 u4-min u4-eš5 nu-ma-da-ab-zal á-u4-da diš-ta mu-dù

4)

u4-imin-kam-ma-ka é-e im-mi-dibX(URUDU)

5)

na da-bi kun-šè mu-nú

6)

[Š]ĪM-šè mu-dím-dím

7) 8) 9) 10) II ) 12)

é-a mi-ni-šu4-šu4 na kisal-mah-a mi--rú-a-na na-rú-a lugal-kisal-si gù-dé-a en dnin-gír-su-ke4 gír-nun-ta mu-zu na-ba mu-šè im-ma-sa4

CylA xxii 14 Cf. the note on Cyl. A ix 11.

.1.7.Cy1A

83

xxii 1) ... xxii 2) The room for the reed mats looks (as if it were filled with) mountain snakes rolled up together. xxii 3^1) Its upper parts are indeed furnished with (beams of) luscious cedar and cypress, they are placing "white cedar" on the cedar ..., its marvellous façade. xxii 5) They were rubbing them with good perfume and abundant oil. xxii 6 - 7 ) As for the mud-wall of the House, treated with the "abundance of Abzu," they ... its ... xxii 8) The shrine Eninnu is ... in the outstretched hand of An(?). xxii 9-10) The ruler (thus) built the House, let it grow, let it grow like a huge mountain. xxii 11-13) He let the foundation boxes of the Abzu sink in deep (as if it were for) enormous masts, so that they could take counsel with Enki in his Engur House. xxii 14-15) He arranged the foundation boxes "of the sky" like warriors right around the (future) House, so that each one was drinking water at the libation place of the gods. xxii 16-17) He rammed in Eninnu as a mooring post, drove in its (pegs in the form of) praying wizards. xxii 18-19) In his city he planted pleasant poplar trees (for the House), which will cast their shadow, xxii 20-21) Its (weapon) "Mow-down-a-myriad" he drove in as a huge banner (to stay) with Lagaš, he had it placed at Sugalam, the dreadful site, xxii 22-23) He let terror emanate from it; from the dais of Girnun, where judgment is issued, the provider of Lagas lifted horns like a mighty bull. xxii 24) The great stones that he had brought in the form of slabs — xxiii 1-3) brought within one year, fashioned within one year — not even three or four days he had let pass idly, from the very first day on he had them trimmed. xxiii 4) On the seventh day he placed them around the House. xxiii 5) (Other) stones he laid out (to be used) for stairs, xxiii 6-7) He fashioned them for (stone) basins, let them be deployed in the House (complex), xxiii 8-12) The stone which he set up in the main courtyard, (that) stele he called "The King-1 inked-tothe-court, yea the lord Ningirsu, recognized Gudea from the Girnun."

Gudea E3/1.1.7.Cy1A

84 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

na ká-sur-ra bí-rú-a lugal a-ma-ru-den-1fl-1á gaba-šu-gar nu-tuku gù-dé-a en dnin-gír-su-ke4 igi-zi mu-ši-bar na-ba mu-šè im-ma-sa4 na igi-u4-è-a bí-dù-a lugal u4-gù-di-den-1í1-1á en gaba~ri nu-tuku gù-dé-a en dnin-gir-su-ke4 šà-kù-ge bi-pà na-ba mu-sè im-ma-sa4 na igi-šu-ga-1am-ma-ka bí-rú-a lugal mu-ni-sè kur KU.KU-e gù-dé-a en dnin-gir-su-ke4 gu-za-ni mu-gi na-ba mu-sè im-ma-sa4 na igi-é-uru,8(URUxA)-ga-ka bí-rú-a xxiv gù-dé-a en dnin-gir-su-ke4 nam-du,o mu-ni-tar na-ba mu-sè im-ma-sa4 na a-ga-dba-ú-ka bi-ru-a é-ninnu igi-an-na-ke4 zu d ba-ú zi-šà-gá1-gù-dé-a na-ba mu-sè riml-ma-sa4 é-lugal-na zi-dè-éš mu-dù sipa-zi gù-dé-a an-ki im-da-mu

10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19)

u4-sakar-gibil-gim men bi-il mu-bi kur-šà-šè pa bí-è gù-dé-a é-dnin-gír-su-ka d utu-gim DUGUD-ta ba-ta-è hur-sag-za-gìn-na-gim mu-mú hur-sag-nun-bar6-bar6-ra-gim u6-di-dè ba-gub dub-1á-bi am-gim mu-šu4-šu4 ušum-bi ur-mah-gim šu-ba bí-nú-nú

20)

gi-gun4-bi ab-zu-gim ki-sikil-e bí-mú

21) 22)

ùrì-bi dàra-kù-abzu-gim si ba-mul-mul

23) 24) 25) 26) 27)

u4-sakar-gibil an-na gub-ba-gim gù-dé-a é-dnin-gír-su-ka u6-di-dè ba-gub é-a dub-1á-bi šu4-šu4-ga-bi 1a-ha-ma abzu-da šu4-ga-àm

Col. xxv é-giš-gar-ra-bi a-gi6 ambar-mah mus a sig-ga1) àm

xxiii 13-18) The stone which he set up in Kasurra he called "The king, floodstorm of Enlil, who has no one to oppose him, yea the lord Ningirsu, looked favourably upon Gudea."

xxiii 19-24) The stone which he set up facing the sunrise he called "The king, the roaring storm of Enlil, the lord without a rival, yea the lord Ningirsu, chose Gudea in (his) pure heart."

xxiii 25-29) The stone which he set up facing Sugalam he called "The king at whose name the foreign lands tremble, yea the lord Ningirsu, established Gudea's throne." xxiii 30) The stone which he set up facing E-uruaga xxiv 1-3) he called "The lord Ningirsu made a positive firm promise with regard to Gudea." xxiv 4 - 7 ) The stone which he set up in Bau's inner room(?) he called "Eninnu is what heaven's eyes know, (and) Bau is the encouragement of Gudea." xxiv 8-9) He (thus) loyally built the House of his master, the faithful shepherd Gudea made it grow as big as heaven and earth, xxiv 10-12) He made it wear a tiara (shaped) like the new moon and he made its name appear brilliantly as far as the heart of the highlands. xxiv 13-14) Gudea made the House of Ningirsu come out like the sun from the clouds. xxiv 15-17) He made it grow like a mountain range of lapis lazuli, let it stand to be admired like a mountain range of white alabaster. xxiv 18-19) The two sides of the gates he set up like wild bulls, their dragons he made crouch on their paws like lions. xxiv 20) The grove(?) (of the House) he let grow on ground pure as the Abzu. xxiv 21-22) The pointed tops of the standards he made glitter like (the horns of) the sacred ibexes of the Abzu. xxiv 23-25) Gudea let Ningirsu's House stand to be admired like the new moon in the skies. xxiv 26-27) The porticos erected in the House are provided with "long-haired heros" (lahama) standing by the Abzu. xxv 1) Its timber room(?) is "dark water," an enormous marsh, it is snakes that dived into water.

CylA xxiv 4 The architectural term a-ga (see also Cyl. A xxv 24, xxviii 17, Gudea 44:10) is difficult to identify. A. Falkenstein translated it as "Halle" (Sumerische und akkadische Hymnen und Gebete pp. 161-65). Jacobsen (Harps) has "back-room," following the — hypothetical — etymology of the word ("back part, rear"). Averbeck has "rear quarters." Our translation "inner room" is but another suggestion.

Gudea E3/LL7.CylA 2) 3) 4)

é KA-gíd-da-bí an-bar-bar-ra ní gá1-1a-àm é é-dul4-la-bi nu,, an-šà-ge diri-ga-àm

5) 6)

ká-ki-1uga1-ku4(REC 56)-bi-ta 1ju-rí-in am-šè igi ÍL.ÍL-dam

7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

GIŠ.TI ká-e ús-sa-bi tirX(NIR)-an-na an-né ús-sa-àm G1Š.ákan-an-na-bi é-ninnu u4-ka-ba gù-di téš-ba gub-ba-àm sig7-igi-bi ní GÛR.GÙR-a~bi igi-u6-di-digir-re-ne-kam é A.MIR-bar6-bar6 mu-ru-gú-ni tiur-sag-za-gìn-na an-ki-a ki hé-us-sa-àm

14) 15) 16)

kíg-<sig>-ge unu6-gal mu-gá-gá-ne bur-kù-GI 1à1 geštin dé-a an-né šu4-ga-àm

17) 18 ) 19)

é-ná-da mu-dù-ne kur-šár-da mes-kù-abzu-a gùrun fl-1a-àm

20) 21) 22) 23 ) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16)

mu-dù šu im-ta-gar-ra-ta šà-digir-re-ne gú-bi gi4-a-àm sipa-zi gù-dé-a gal mu-zu gal ì-ga-túm-mu a-ga tuku1-1á ká-mè-ba ur-sag šeg9-sag-àš sag ar bi im-ma-ab-dab5-bé igi-iri.KI-šè ki-ní-ÍL-ba ur-sag-imin-àm im-ma-ab-dab r e xxvi šu-ga-1am ká-me-1im5-ba ušum gišimmar-bi im-ma-ab-dab5-bé igi-u4-è ki nam-tar-re-ba šu-nir-dutu sag-alim-ma im-ma-da-si-ge ká-sur-ra igi-u6-di-ba ur-mah ní-digir-re-ne-kam im-ma-ab-dab5-e tar-sír-sír ki-á-ág-ba ku-1i-an-na uruda-bi im-ma-ab-dab5-e a-ga-dba-ú ki-šà-kúš-ba má-gi-1um gu4-alim-bi-da im-ma-ab-dab5-e ur-sag-ug5-ga ì-me-ša-ke 4 -éš ka-bi ki-a-nag-šé mu-gar

85

XXV 2) ... xxv 3) ... xxv 4) Its ... is a light floating in the midst of heaven. xxv 5 - 6 ) (Looking down) from the "Gate-throughwhich-the-king-enters," eagles are viewing a wild bull. xxv 7—8) The curved wooden posts joining above the gate are a rainbow stretching over the sky. xxv 9 - 1 1 ) Its upper lintel — Eninnu — (depicts) storms, opening their mouths, roaring, all coming together; its eyebrows, frowning ones, are eyes that make the gods marvel. xxv 12-13) His white ... that faces (Ningirsu) indeed is the slope of a lapis lazuli mountain reaching from firm ground up into heaven, xxv 14-16) (When) they were installing the great dining-hall for meals, it was (like) a golden bowl from which syrup and wine are poured, standing in the open air. xxv 17-19) (When) they were building the sleeping chamber it was (decorated with) the sacred mes tree of the Abzu, (standing) among innumerable mountains, and bearing fruit. xxv 20-21) (Thus) he had built it, and after he had left work the heart of the gods swelled (with joy), xxv 22-23) The true shepherd Gudea is wise and able, too, to realize things. xxv 24-26) In the inner room(?) where the weapons hang, its Battle Gate, he posts the warriors "...-deerof-six-heads" and Mt. Sinjar(?). xxv 27-28) In front of the city, its awe-inspiring place, he posts the Seven-headed dog. xxvi 1 - 2 ) In Sugalam, its awesome gate, he posts the Dragon and the Date palm. xxvi 3 - 5 ) Facing the sunrise where firm decisions are made, he has the emblem of the sun, the Bison head, put in along with (the other emblems), xxvi 6 - 8 ) In Kasurra, its pride, he posts the Lion, terror of the gods. xxvi 9 - 1 1 ) In Tarsirsir, its place issuing orders, he posts the Friend-of-heaven (Dragonfly) and the Copper. xxvi 12-14) In Bau's inner room(?), the soothing place, he posts the Magilum boat and the Bison. xxvi 15-16) As these are warriors (once) slain (by Ningirsu), he let their mouths be pointed towards the libation place.

CylA xxv 25 F. Wiggerman suggested to equate sag-ar with Mt. Sinjar; see RLA VIII/3-4 (1994), p. 227b, See also M. Stol, On Trees, Mountains, and Millstones in the Ancient Near East (Leiden, 1979), p. 76-80. The mountain name would, then, represent its game. CylA xxvi 15 The "warriors" enumerated here occur as Ninurta's (= Ningirsu's) enemies in the Sumerian poem "The Return of Ninurta to Nippur," ed. J.S. Cooper (Rome, 1978).

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

86

17) mu-bi mu-ru-digir-re-ne-ka 18) gù-dé-a énsi-1agaš.KI-ke4 19) pa-è ba-ni-a 20) ig-GIŠ.eren-na é-a šu4-ga-bi 21 ) diškur an-ta gù-nun-di-da-àm 22) é-ninnu sag-kul-bi BAD 23 ) G1Š.nu-kúš-bi ur-mah 24) si-gar-bi-ta muš-šà-tùr muš-huš 25) am-šè eme è-dè 26) ga-du ig-e u5-ús-sa-bi 27) ug nemurX(PIRIG.TUR)-TUR.TUR šu-ba dúru-na-àm 28) é-a gag-giš-ùr-kù mu-si-ge4-ne 29)

ušum 1ú-šè šu íb-gar-ra-àm

30)

ig-ba éše-kù im-suru5-ne

Col. d 1 ) xxvii niral}-kü-abzu gùn-àm 2) 3) 4)

é sa-1á-a-bi kèši.KI aratta.KI na-ri-ga-àm é sa-du8-a-bi pirig-huš-àm kalam-ma igi mi-ni-íb-gá1

5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

dili-du igi-bi nu-ma-dib-bé é-ninnu ní-bi kur-kur-ra túg-gim im-dul4 é-kù-NE-a an-né ki-gar-ra šim-zi-da šu-tag-dun-ga še-er-zi-an-na-ka ì-ti-gim è-a é igi-bi kur-gal ki-ús-sa šà-I"bi nam-šub! šìr-ha-mun bar-bi an é-mafcfcé-gá1-1azi-ga

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19)

gú-en-bar-ra-bi ki-di-ku5-da-nun-ke4-ne a-làl-bi-ta inim-šùd-da šuku-bi-da hé-gá1-digir-re-ne-kam ùrí é-da si-si-ga-bi AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN kur-muš-a á(Text: DA) hébad-rá-àm é-ninnu im-bi im-ha-mun íd-eden-ta e„-da lugal-bi en dnin-gír-su-ke, šà-kù-ge bí-pà šim-zi-gim sag-gá mi-ni-íb-dé xxviii gù-dé-a še-er-zi-an-na-ka šu-tag ba-ni-dun é-gu4-bi-ta ì ku4(REC 56) ga ku4 udun-mah-bi-ta gúg-ga1 si-gal gír-PA-na-bi gu4 gu7 udu gu7 é-ki-šuku-bi uz-ga èš gá-gá

20) 21) 22) 23) 24) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

xxvi 17-19) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, made their names famous among (those of) the gods. xxvi 20-21) The cedar doors set in the House are (like) the weather god roaring down from heaven, xxvi 22-25) Eninnu's locks (have) bisons(?) on them, its pivots (have) lions, from their bolts "womb snakes" and "fierce snakes" are hissing at an aurochs. xxvi 26-27) Its lintels set above the doors (have on them) young lions and panthers lying on their paws. xxvi 28-29) (When) they were hammering the shining nails of roof-beams it was (as if) a dragon set its claw on somebody's (chest). xxvi 30) (When) they were attaching shining ropes to the doors, xxvii 1) they (were looking like) the speckled bright snake-god of the Abzu. xxvii 2-4) The House with its bow-string(?) taut is as safe as Kes and Aratta, with its bow-string(?) loosened it becomes a fierce lion — it gazes fixedly at the Land. xxvii 5-7) No (complacent) individual may pass in front of Eninnu, for its awe covers all the lands as if with a cloth. xxvii 8-13) O House of flaming metal, founded in heaven, painted with eyepaint, appearing as the moonlight in the splendour of heaven, House whose front is an enormous mountain set on the earth, whose interior (resounds with) incantations and harmonious hymns, whose exterior is the sky, Greatest House — rising in abundance, xxvii 14-15) whose outer guenna is the place where the Anūna gods utter judgment, xxvii 16-17) From its ... there are words of prayer, in its food supply there is all the wealth of the gods, xxvii 18-19) The banners rammed in around the House are (like) the Thunderbird that spreads its wings over the snake mountain. xxvii 20-24) The clay (plaster) of Eninnu, artfully applied, (after having been) brought up from (the bottom of) the Steppe Canal, did its master, the lord Ningirsu (himself), conceive of in his pure heart; he poured it over its top like eyepaint. xxviii 1-2) Gudea had it painted (to recall) the splendour of heaven. xxviii 3-9) From (Eninnu's) cowpen there is cream and milk coming in, from its enormous oven there are great cakes and croissants, its ... feeds the oxen and sheep, its "provisions place" makes ... available.

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

ne-sag-bi kur geštin biz-biz-zé é-lùnga-bi-ta ÍD.idigina a-ù-ba gá1-1a-àm é-níg-gur, ,-bi-a za kù an-na é-GIŠ.gigir-ra-bi kur ki-a gub-ba a-ga-balag-a-bi gu4-gù-nun-di kisal-bi šùd-kù si-im á-1á

87

xxviii 10-13) Its wine-cei1ar(?) is a mountain oozing wine, from its brewery (there comes beer) as much as the Tigris at high water. xxviii 14-16) In its storehouse (there are) gems, silver and tin, its coach-house is (a building like) a mountain set on the earth, xxviii 17-18) its harp chamber is (like) a roaring bull, its courtyard (resounds with) holy prayers, drums, kettledrums.

19) kun-na4 é-a nú-a-bi 20) four-sag ul nun-né-éš nú-àm

xxviii 19-20) Its stone stairs ascending to the House are (like) a mountain slope rising high in great beauty,

21) 22) 23) 24) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

kun-an-na ùr-šè da-a-bi ŠIR kur-šè igì-sù í1-dam GIŠ.kiri6-gi6-eden é-šè si-ga-bi kur geštin biz-biz-zé ki IM NE-e mú-àm xxix na-imin é-e dab6-ba-bi níg 1uga1-bi-da šà-kúš-kúš-dam é-níg-ki-sè-bi níg-siki1 abzu na-ri-ga-àm ŠIM-na4 é-a šu4-ga-bi é-gudu4-kù a nu-silig-ge-dam

xxviii 21-22) the upper stairs leading to the roof are (like) a light clearly visible as far as the mountains. xxviii 23-24) Its "Dark-garden-of-the-steppe" planted near the House is a mountain oozing wine, grown ...

7) 8) 9) 10) 11 )

bàd-si-an-na tu.MUŠEN dú-ru-na-bi eridu.KI nam-hi-a dù-rxl-àm é-ninnu tu.MUŠEN-e ní bí-ne an-dú1 pa-gal-gal gissu-dul0-ga-kam

12)

sim.MUŠEN mušen-e

13)

é-kur-den-1í1-1á ezen gá1-Ia-àm

sig

4

mu-gi4-gi4

14) é-a ní-ga1-bi 15) kalam-ma mu-ri 16) ka-tar-ra-bi 17) kur-re ba-ti 18) é-ninnu ní-bi kur-kur-ra túg-gim im-dul4 Col. xxx 1) é 1uga1-bi hi-1i-a ì-dù d 2) nin-giš-zi-da-ke4 3) ki-gal-la bí-dù 4) gù-dé-a énsi-1agaš.KI-ke4 5) temen-bi mu-si 6) é dutu-gim kalam-ma è-a 7) gu.rgal-gim safoar-bar-ra gub-ba 8) ì-ti kìri-za1-gim 9) unken-né si-a 10) hur-sag-sig?-ga-gim 11) foi-1i gùr-a 12) u6-di-dè gub-ba

xxix 1-2) The seven stones set around the House are such as to take counsel constantly with their master, xxix 3^1) Its chapel for funerary offerings is very clean as if cleansed by the Abzu. xxix 5-6) The stone basins set up in the House are (like) the shining room of the lustration priest, where water never ceases to be present, xxix 7-9) Its high battlements where the pigeons dwell ... Eridu ... xxix 10-11) Eninnu offers the pigeons places to rest, being a sunshade of large branches, and a sweet shadow, xxix 12) swallows and (other) birds chirping and twittering — xxix 13) it is (like) the Ekur of Enlil (when) there is a festival, xxix 14-18) The awe of the House is hovering over the Land, praise of it reaches to the highland, Eninnu's awe covers all the lands as if with a cloth.

xxx 1 - 5 ) The House its owner built most sumptuously, Nin-gišzida set it up on a pedestal, (and) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, set in its foundation boxes. xxx 6-12) The House that has risen over the Land like the sun, standing in ... like a great bull, illuminating the assembly as with wonderful moonlight, bearing sumptuousness like a lush green mountain, standing to be marvelled at,

CylA xxviii 10 For ne-sag (also in Cyl. B xvii 5, Nammahani 6 ii 7) see Heimpel, NABU 1994 no. 83. CylA. xxviii 19 Heimpel refers to an ivory plaque depicting a "Thunderbird" over two snakes rising from a mountain (see Cros, Tello p. 110).

88 13) 14) 15) 16)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB é-ninnu ki-bi gi4-a-ba nin-gír-su zà-mí é-dnin-gír-su-ka dù-a zà-mí mu-ru-bi-im

xxx 13-14) Eninnu, praise be to Ningirsu for its having been restored. xxx 15-16) (This) is the middle of the hymn "Ningirsu's House having been built."

d

Cylinder B COMMENTARY MNB 1511, clay cylinder, height 56.5 cm, dia. 33 cm, thickness 2.5 cm. The objcct is less well preserved than Cyl. A. Apart from occasional surface damage (ii 22, iii 26, v 6-8, 21, etc.), there is a break at the bottom of col. viii, a lacuna in the lower middle parts of cols, xiv-xv, and, most seriously, an enormous lacuna consisting of part of col. xviii, one to two-thirds of cols, xix to xxiii, and part of col. xxiv. In 1971, A. Baer proposed to restore the greater part of lacuna xviii to xxiv by fitting in the fragments (from top to bottom and from left to right) 11, 2, 9, 8+3+5+4, and 12 (not in TCL 8; see RA 65 p. 2 and our handcopy on p. 232); see Baer's drawing on p. 12. Jacobsen (Harps) based his translation of cols, xviii to xxiv on Baer's proposal. The collation of the Gudea cylinder fragments made in December 1994 showed, however, that the joined portion of fragments 8+3+5+4 cannot be part of Cyl. B because the critical join of fragment 8 col. i line 2' ([m]ah) with Cyl. B xviii line 10 does not hold. Baer's restoration of the respective lines as u4-níg-si-[sá-m]ah mu-na- r abl-è (see RA 65 p. 12) disregarded two formal details. First, there is not enough space in the right part of Cyl. B xviii 10 to insert both DI (sá) and MAIJ, as is evident even from a look at the photo in de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. 36 (left part). MA^J is a relatively "long" sign (cf. the MAH in Cyl. B xix 21) and would fill the available space without leaving room for DI. Second, the sign copied as ĪAB1 by Baer (one would rather expect T A I ) does not show the characteristic final vertical wedge. What can be seen below [M]AH is the right end of a case dividing line with slight surface damage above and below; sec the handcopy on p. 233. It goes without saying that a reading of Cyl. B xviii 10, not considering fragments 8+3+5+4, as u4 níg-si-[sá] muna-t[a]-UD.D[U] "days of justice had come out for him" would cause no problems whatsoever. While fragments 8+3+5+4 join each other neatly, they cannot form part of Cylinder B. 8+3+5+4 contain parts of six columns; if we moved them to the right by one column, the joined fragments would overlap with col. xxiv. Apart from these material considerations, Baer's reconstruction cannot be accepted for two more reasons. First, *u4-mg-si-[sá-m]afc "a grand period of equity" (Jacobsen's translation) is not a convincing phraseology, with the adjective mah "great, greatest, huge, sublime" joined to u4 "day, time." Second, I find it difficult to combine Cyl. B xviii 9 with fragment 8 col. i' line 1':

dumu-m[unus (x)j free space LU rxl [x] SI [(x)G]ÁL Jacobsen translated this as "(die house lacking a male heir) constituted an [eq]ui[ty do]wr[y for the dau]ghter." What we would expect, however, is a parallel to Gudea Statue B vii 44-46: é dumu-nita nutuku, dumu-munus-bi ì-bí-1a-ba, mi-ni-ku4 "in a house having no male child I let the daughter (of the house) become the heir." I would, therefore, propose to read Cyl. B xviii 8-9: é dumu-[nita] nu-[tuku(-a)], dumum[unus-bi] udu g[iš bí-tag] "in a house [having] no [male] child, the dau[ghter (of the house) slaughtered a] sheep" (thereby assuming duties of a male family member). The dismissal of frgms. 8+3+5+4 as part of Cyl. B has consequences for the disposition of frgms. l l ( + ) 2 and 12 with their evident parallelism. Whereas in Baer's reconstruction, followed by Jacobsen (1987), frgms. l l ( + ) 2 and 12 are separated from each other by exactly 7 cases, they might be closer to each other; but they might also be more distant from each other if they do not belong to Cyl. B at all. The only reason for Baer's identifying frgm. 2 as the upper part of Cyl. B xxii and xxiii was that, according to his reconstruction, no other space was available. It must be noted that frgm. 12, most probably a continuation of frgms. l l ( + ) 2 , has a thickness of 2 cm only, as opposed to the average thickness of 2.5 cm of Cyl. B. Cyl. B xxiii 1 and its alleged continuation in frgm. 2 iv' 1 - 3 ' were translated by Jacobsen: (1) "May the house, your Thunderbird, [so]ar in the skies, (1') that butter be set out in its place where butter [is set out], (2') that milk be hung up (in containers) on the pegs where milk is hung, (3') that the oxen and sheep be furnished to its house of oxen and sheep." Since cowpens and sheepfolds are mentioned at the end of Cyl. B xxii, the continuation (frgm. 2) might sound plausible. But one cannot help noting a stylistic break between Cyl. B xxiii 1 and frgm. 2 iv' 1', a turn from elevated hymnic diction to matter of fact subjects. It is true that frgm. 12 contains the end of a speech made by Ningirsu and the opening of an answer made by Enki, and in Cyl. B xxii, bottom, someone is in fact addressing Ningirsu, Note, however, that frgm. 10 i', which definitely has to be kept apart from Cyl. B, also contains the phrase "[En1]i1 [said] to [the lord Nin]girsu" and is likewise evidence for a dialogue between gods.

Gudea E3/LL7.CylB Since it cannot be proved that frgms. l l ( + ) 2 and 12 form part of CyL B, and especially in light of the difference in thickness (frgm. 12: 2 cm, CyL B; average 2.5 cm), these fragments will be treated separately. Finally, Father Baer had placed frgm. 9 in Cyl. B xxii below frgm. 2; see RA 65 p. 12. His argument had again

89

been the space available according to his reconstruction. I have disregarded frgm. 9 because a relationship with Cyl. B cannot be proved. Note that Jacobsen also did not include Frgm. 9 in his reconstruction.

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3)

i

é dim-gal-kalam-ma an-ki-da mu-a é-ninnu sig4-zi den-lil-e nam-dul0-ga tar-ra 4) hur-sag-nisig-ga u6-e gub-ba 5) kur-kur-ta è-a 6) é kur-gal-àm an-né im-ús d 7) utu-àm an-šà-ge im-si 8) é-ninnu AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6ra-àm 9) kur-ra du10 mi-ni-ib-bad 10) ùg ba-gar-gar kalam ba-re x (DU.DU) 11 ) da-nun-na u6-di-dè im-ma-šu4-šu4-ge-éš 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)

énsi kù-zu-àm KA-zu-àm nam-digir-re ka ki im-mi-sú-sú sískur ra-zu-a níg-DUN-a ki im-mi-üsús énsi-ke4 digir-iri-na-ke4 ara x (DU)-zu im-ma-bé é-ninda-gu7-bi ninda ba-an-dah kig-sex(SAR)-udu-dab5-bi udu im-ma-a-dah

18) 19)

bur hé-gá1-an-šà-pe5- ša-gim gaba-ba si bí-sá

20) 21)

a-nun-na-ke4--er mu-ne-gub sùd mu-ne-ra da-nun-na da-nun-na u6-di-dè kilagas.KI

Col. ii I ) dlama-kur-kur-ra du„-ga-ne-ne a-mafcè-a 2) lu-ú-1á ba-ab-1á-e 3) sul-zi lu igi mu-ši-bar-ra-ne 4) nam-ti mu-na-sù 5) sipa-me é mu-dù lugal-gui0 é-a-na mini-ku4-ku4(REC 56) 6) a-nun-na bar-gul0-a sùd hé-mi-sa4-za 7) sipa-zi gù-dé-a 8) gai mu-zu gai ì-ga-túm-mu 9) ú-dug4-sa6--ni igi-šè mu-na-du 10) dlama-sa6-ga-ni egir-ni im-us II ) lugal-ni é-ul é-libir ki-tuš-na-šè 12) gù-dé-a en dnin-gir-su-ra 13) nig-ba na-gu-ul-gu-ul 14) en-ra é-ninnu-a mu-na-DU 15) šùd mu-na-rá

i 1-2) House, mooring post of the Land, grown up from earth to heaven, i 3-5) Eninnu, the good Brick for which Enlil has made a favourable firm promise, green mountain range, standing to be admired, standing out above all the lands. i 6-9) The House, being a great mountain, bordered on heaven, being the sun, it filled mid-heaven with light, being Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, it (attacked) the mountain with spread wings. i 10-11) The people have all been settled (again), and the Land has gone home, (but) the Anūna gods are all standing in admiration, i 12-15) The ruler, who is wise, is knowledgeable, kisses the ground over and over before the divinities; with rites and prayer, in submission, he touches the ground; the ruler, the (personal) god of his city, says a prayer. i 16—17) For the bread-consuming House he added more bread, for the supper in need of mutton he added more sheep. i 18-19) In front (of the House) he set up jars in a row as if it were for the abundance of vast midheaven. i 20-21a) He went to the Anūna gods, prayed to them: i 21b) "O all you Anūna gods who are admiring (what) the Land of Lagas (achieved), ii 1-2) protectors of all the countries, whose command, a torrent of water, will make the one who (would try to) stem it founder, ii 3—4) (but) who have given a long life to the worthy man upon whom they looked. ii 5 - 6 ) I, the shepherd, built the House, and my master will enter his House — would you, O Anüna gods, say a blessing on my behalf?" ii 7-8) The true shepherd Gudea is wise and able, too, to realize things. ii 9-10) His friendly guardian walks in front of him, and his friendly protecting genius is following him, ii 11-13) (and so) to his master for the House of yore, the old House, his (former) abode, to the lord Ningirsu Gudea made great gifts, ii 14-15) He went into Eninnu, to the lord, prayed to him:

90

Gudea E3/LL7.Cy1B

16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21 ) 22) 23)

lugal-gu10 dnin-gír-sú en a-huš gi4-a en duN-ga-ni sag-biš è-a dumu-nfta-den-lil-là ur-sag raa-a-du„ šu-zi ma-ra-a-gar d nin-gir-su é-zu mu-ra-dù fcul-la r{ia-NIl-ku4-ku4(REC 56) d ba-ú-guItJ á-mi-zu ma-ra-gar

Col 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

îii ki-tuš du l0 -ga-ma-ni-ib gù-dé-a-ni gis ba-tuku-àm ur-sag-e siskur arax(DU)--ni gù-dé-a-áš en dnin-gír-sú-ke4 su ba-si-ti mu gen-na-àm iti til-la-àm mu-gibil an-na im-ma-gub iti é-ba ba-a-ku4(REC 56) iti-bi u4-eš5-àm im-ta-zal d nin-gír-sú eridu.KLta du-àm i-ti-sa-sa im-è kalam-ma u4 mu-gàl é-ninnu dsuen ù-tu-da sag im-da-ab-sá gù-dé-a gug za-gin mi-ni-ah ub-da im-mi-dUn 1-hi-nun-na ki ba-ni-sù muš-da-ma lu kig ak-àm é-ta ba-ta-è làl ì-nun geštin ga-še-a GIŠ.giparX(KISAL) giš-pèš níg-gen-na ga sag-ba dím-ma su,,-1um GIŠ.AN geštin-TUR.TUR níg izi nu-tag-ga níg-gu7-digir-re-ne-kam làl ì-nun-na kíg ba-ni-aS u4 an-zi-da du-da gù-dé-a u4-[t]e-ta kíg-se X (SAR)-ge bí-dib iv é-e dasar-ri šu si ba-sá d nin-ma-da-ke4 na-de5 mi-ni-gar 1uga1 den-ki-ke4 eš-bar-kíg ba-an-sum d nin-dub išib-mah-eridu.KI-ka-ke4 na-izi ba-ni-si nin-garza-kal-la-ke4 dnanše šìr-kù inim-zu é-e ba-an-dUj,

7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16)

u8-gi6-ge umbin mi-ni-íb-kíg im-ma-al-an-na-ke4 ubur si ba-ni-íb-sá G1Š.šinig GIŠ.ŠEG9.AN ù-tu-ta é-ninnu im-ta-sikil-e-ne im-ta-dadag-ge-éš énsi-ke4 iri-a du,0 bí-gar kalam-ma sig bí-gar du6-du6 mu-si-ig i5-gar mu-gi4 a-ah-dun-ga gír-ta gar-àm

CylB iv 7-9 i.e., Nanše caused rain to fall.

ii 16-20) "My master Ningirsu, lord who has turned back the fierce waters, lord whose command takes precedence, Enlil's male child, warrior, you spoke to me, and I did faithfully obey you. ii 21-22) Ningirsu, I built you your House, may you enter it in joy." ii 23) (And he added) "My Bau, I erected your women's quarters for you, iii 1) move in in comfort." iii 2-4) His call was heard, the warrior accepted from Gudea, the lord Ningirsu accepted from him, prayer and rite. iii 5-8) (Meanwhile) the year had ended, the month had been completed, the new year had appeared in the sky, the month "had entered its house," and of that month the third day had passed: iii 9-12) (Then) Ningirsu had arrived from Eridu, (and) the most beautiful moonlight shone illuminating the Land; Eninnu vied with the (new-)born moon (god). iii 13-15) Gudea made a paste with carnelian and lapis lazuli, he put it in the corners and sprinkled abundant oil on the floor. iii 16-17) He bade the builders, the workmen, leave the House. iii 18-24) He used syrup and butter (to prepare) food for the gods, (all) things untouched by fire: syrup, butter, wine, sour milk, gipar-fruit, fig-cakes topped with cheese, dates in c1usters(?), small grapes.

iii 25-27) From the moment when the sun rose in the good sky, from early morning till supper (time), Gudea passed to and fro. iv 1-3) Asari saw to it that the House was all right, Nin-mada gave advice, king Enki provided oracular messages. iv 4-5) Nin-duba, foremost lustration priest of Eridu, filled (the House) with incense, iv 6) the lady of precious rites, Nanše, who knows the words of sacred songs, put them to music for the House. iv 7-9) She "sheared" the black ewes (of the sky), and she milked the udder of the cow-of-heaven, iv 10-12) while they were cleaning Eninnu with (brooms of) tamarisk and ..., until they had polished it to perfection. iv 13-14) The ruler made the (whole) city kneel down, he made the Land prostrate itself, iv 15-16) He levelled what was high, refused (to listen to) chance utterances, "spittle" (of sorcery) had been removed from the roads.

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 17 ) iri-a ama-1ú-tu-ra-ke4 18) a-silim gar-ra-àm maš-anše níg-zi-gá1-eden-na 19 ) téš-bi-šè gurum-ma-àm 20) ur-mah pirig ušumga1-eden-na-ka 21) ù-duI0gar-ra-àm 22) u4 sískur-re gi6 šùd-dè 23) ì-ti rníg1-u4-za1-1a-ke4 24) 1uga1-bi mu-um-ge2(;-e Col. v I) ur-sag dnin-gír-su é-a mi-ni-ku4-ku4(REC 56) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

é-a 1uga1-bi im-ma-gen hu-rí-in am-šè igi-ÍL.ÍL-dam ur-sag é-a-na ku4-ku4(REC 56)-da-ni u4 mè-šè gù gá-gar-àm d nin-gír-su é-na mu-DU.DU èš ZU.A[B] ezen gá1-1[a-à]m

8) 9)

d

10) II ) 12) 13) 14) 15)

lugal [é-n]i-ta nam-ta-gen utu ki-1agašc.KI>-e è-àm

d

ba-ú á-mi-ni-šè du-a-ni munus-zi é-a-ni-šè šu gá-gá-dam á-ná-da-ka-na ku4(REC 56)-ra-ni ÍD.idigina a-ù-ba gá-gar-àm da-PI-na-ka tuš-a-ni nin dumu-an-kù-ga GIŠ.kiri6-nisig-ga gurun fl-1a-àm 16) u4 è-àm nam [t]ar-ra-àm 17) dba-1ú1 á(!)(DA)-mi-na ku4(REC 56)-ra-àm 1 8 ) ki-1agaš.KI hé-gá1-1a-àm

u4 im-zal dutu-1agaš.KI-ke4 kalam-ma sag mini-fl 20) gu4-muS udu-mu5 é-e bí-dab5 21 ) bur an-na m[u-g]ub tin mu-ni-dé-d[é] 19)

23) 24)

a-nun-ki-ŠI[R]. {LA} .BUR.K1 en d nin-|ír-su-da ki-bi mu-da-rín-né-éš-àm é-a nam-išib-ba šu mi-ni-du7 eš-bar-kíg mí mi-ni-du,,

CoL 1) 2) 3)

vi tin bur-gal-la i[m]-ma-dé é-ninnu UL.[G]AL UL.DU gú im-ma-gur-re è š dnin-dub-ke4 sig4 mu-gi4-gi4

4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

ninda-u4-da ga-máš-1u1im-ma u4 gi6-e de6-a nir-gá1 dumu-ki-ág-den-1fl-1á ur-sag dnin-gír-sú ù-a mi-ni-zi-zi me-gal-gal-la sag mi-lml-fl-e AN K[A m]ar-za é-a-sa-ni è š é-ninnu ki-ús mu-gá-gá

22 )

d

91

iv 17-19) In the city (only) the mother of a sick person administered a potion — the wild animals, creatures of the steppe, all had crouched together, iv 20-21) Lion, 1ioness(?) and the "dragon of the steppe" enjoyed sweet sleep. iv 22-24) Rites (had made) the day (go by), prayers the night, the early morning (had) the moonlight (caused to fade) — was the master (of the House) on his way ? v 1) (Yea,) the warrior Ningirsu was entering (his) House. v 2-3) The master of the House had come to it like an eagle catching sight of an aurochs, v 4-5) When the warrior was entering his House, he was a storm roaring towards battle, v 6-7) Ningirsu went about his House, and it was (just as) in the Abzu sanctuary when a festival is going on. v 8-9) The owner indeed came out of his [House] (again), and he was (like) the sun god rising above the land of Lagas. v 10-15) When Bau went to her women's quarters she was (like) a respectful woman caring for her house; when she entered her bedroom she was (like) the Tigris at high waters, when she sat down in ... she was the lady, daughter of bright An, a green garden bearing fruit. v 16-18) The day was about to rise, firm promise had been fulfilled, Bau had entered her women's quarters — (that meant) abundance for the land of Lagas. v 19) The day dawned, the sungod of Lagas lifted his head over the Land. v 20-21) Fattened oxen and sheep were taken to the House, (Gudea) set up a jar in the open air, poured much wine into it. v 22) The Anuna gods of the land of Lagas were installed around the lord Ningirsu. v 23-24) (Gudea) performed the purification of the House in the most attentive way, and he took care of portends. vi 1-2) Wine was poured from the big jar while Eninnu amassed ... vi 3) Nin-duba caused the sanctuary to be full of clatter and noise, vi 4-7) and with fresh bread, milk of hinds available day and night, he rouses from sleep the noble one, the beloved child of Enlil, the warrior Ningirsu. vi 8-10) He (Ningirsu) proudly looks around, very sure of himself, (and) his functionaries, (and) ... he lines up (to be assigned functions) for the sanctuary Eninnu.

92

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

11 ) 12) 13) 14) 15 ) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

zi-du-e šu si-sá-da érim-du-e gú giš gá-gá-da é gi-né-da é du10-ge-da iri-ni èš gír-su.KI na-de6 sum-mu-da GIŠ .gu-za-nam-tar-ra DU-da gidri-u4-sù-rá šu-a gá-gá-da sipa dnin-gír-sú-ke4 gù-dé-a-ar men-nisig-ga-gim sag an-šè í1-da kuš(! )(ZU)-1á gada-1á sag-a mu4-a kisal-é-ninnu-ka ki-gub pà-dè-da

21)

ig-gal dim-gír-nun-na galla-gal-girsú.KI d ig-a1im dumu-ki-ág-gá-ni en dnin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da Imu-na1-da-dib-e é sikil-e-da šu4-1uh gá-gá-da šu-kù a en-ra sum-mu-da kaš bur-ra dé-da tin dug-a dé-da

22) 23) 24) 25 ) 26) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13 ) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24)

vii é-1ùnga é-á-siki1-ba ú-1uS-5i~e a-pap-sír-gim kun-kà-an za-a-da gu4-du7 máš-du7 udu-niga ninda-u4-da ga-máš-1ulim-ma u4 gi6-e de6-a- nir-gá1 dumu-ki-ágd en-1í1-1á ur-sag dnin-gír-su gu7-a nag-a Ix1-bi ü-a « M I » zi-zi en-šu4-1uh-dadag-ga dumu-sag-é-ninnu d šu1-šà-ga dnin-gír-sú-ra me-ni-da mu-na-da-dib( ! )(LU)-e šita-sag-imin šu du8-a-da é-en-kár ká-mè-ka ig-bi gái ta6ta6(TAKA4) eme-gír mi-tum giš-a-ma-ru mar6(yAR)-ra-tum giš-hur-mè-bi sisá-sá-a-da kur-gú-érim-gá1-den-1í1-1á-ka a-gim gá-gá-da ur-sag G1Š.šár-ùr mè-a kur šu-šè gargar šagin-gú-tuku-é-ninnu MUŠEN.šúr-du-ki-ba1-a d 1uga1-kur-dúb šagin-ni en dnin-gír-sú-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadib-e mi-tum-an-na-ke4 u4-h[uš] gim

vi 11-20) That he (Ig-alim) might guide the hand of the righteous one and force the evil-doer's neck into a neck stock, that he might keep the House safe, keep it in harmony, that he might give instructions to his city (and) the sanctuaries of Girsu, that he might establish a throne of firm promise, hand over a sceptre for long days, that he might make the shepherd called by Ningirsu lift high the head as if it wore a blue crown, that he might appoint to (their) offices in the courtyard of Eninnu the "skin-clad," the "linen-clad," and the "covered head" — vi 21-23) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu the Great Door, the Pole of Girnun, the chief bailiff of Girsu, his beloved son Ig-alim. vi 24-26) That he (Šu1-šaga) might keep the House clean, let hands always be washed, have clean hands serve water to the lord, that he might pour beer into bowls, wine into jars, vii 1-8) that in (Eninnu's) brewery, the "house (with) the clean arms," emmer beer might bubble like the waters (of) Papsir, that unblemished oxen and goats and grain-fed sheep, fresh bread, and milk of hinds be available day and night, that the noble one, Enlil's beloved son, the warrior Ningirsu, might rise from sleep ... —

vii 9-11) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to Ningirsu the lord of the most careful hand-washing, the first-born son of Eninnu, Šu1-šaga. vii 12-18) That the seven-headed club might be held (firmly) in hand, that he ("King who makes the mountain tremble") might keep open the door-wings of the Ankar house, the Battle gate, that he might cause the dagger blades, the mace "dead man," the "floodstorm weapon," the "Bitter one," (all of them) battle tools, exactly to hit their targets, that he might inundate all of Enlil's enemies' lands — vii 19-23) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to Ningirsu, the warrior "Mowdown-a-myriad" who in battle subdues all the lands, the mighty governor of Eninnu, the falcon for the rebel land, "King who makes the mountain tremble," his general. vii 24) After the heavenly mace 'dead man" like a fierce storm

CylB vi 19 Three kinds of temple servants whose functions are unknown.

Gudea E3/1.L7.Cy1B Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22)

23) 24) 25) 26) Col. I) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) II ) 12) 13) 14)

viii kur-šè gù-gar-ra-a G1Š.šár-ùr a-ma-ru-mè gis-gaz-ki-bal-a en-né ki-bal kuroda> sag-ki-ni ù-ma-da-gid-da inim-mi-rí-a-ni ù-ma-ra 1ipiš-bi ù-mu-rá en-na šagin-min-kam-ni kur-šu-na-buruX.MUŠEN-àm dumu-den-1fl-1á-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadib-e nam-šitaX(REC 316)-ki-1agaš.KI šu-dug-a-da sískur araX(DU)-zu-bi du10-ga gá-gá-da ur-sag eridu.KI-šè du-a-ni silim-ma du,0 di-da d nin-gír-sú eridu.KÍ-ta DU-ni iri-dù-a G1Š.gu-za-bi gi-na nam-ti-sipa-zi gù-dé-a-da ka šu gá1-1a-da ad-gi4-gi4-ni d 1uga1-si-sá en dnin-gír-sú me-ni-da mu-na-da-dib-e

tur du51-ga-da mah dun-ga-da inim si-sá-e KA-kéš ak-da érim KA rX1 [x (x)] [KA-ké]š [nu-akd]a ix ur-sag bára-kù-ga tuš-a-ra d nin-gír-su-ra é-ninnu-a inim-bi ku4ku4(REC 56)-da d šákan šeg9-bar sukkal-é-du1()-ga sag an-né en dnin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da mu-na-da-dib-e a kù-ge-da naga sikil-e-da ì bur-bar6-bar6-ra naga É.NUN-na-da giš-ná ú-za-gìn ba-ra-ga-na ù-du10 ku4-ku4-da (REC 56) é-ná é-dUi0-ga-ni-a bar-ra ku4-ku4(REC 56)-da šà-ga nu-è-è-da d kínda-zi 1ú-é-duI0-ga-kam en dnin-gír~su-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadìb-e

93

viii 1-6) has roared against the mountain, (being) the "Mow-down-a-myriad," the floodstorm of battle, the cudgel of the rebel land, after the lord has frowned at the rebels, the mountain, and hurled at it his furious words, having carried away its wits, — viii 7-9) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to Enlil's son the lord's second general who is (called) "The-land-is-but-a-swallow-in-hishand." viii 10-19) That supplications of the land Lagas might be released, that he (Lugal-sisa) might perform rites and prayers for it, propitious ones, that he might bid farewell when the warrior is going to Eridu and that, (as a result) when he is returning from Eridu, the throne of the built-up city be firm; that hands be placed at the mouth (in prayer) for the life of the true shepherd Gudea —

viii 20-22) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu his adviser, Lugal-sisa. (ix) 1-2) That the warrior sitting on a pure dais, Ningirsu, might be informed in Eninnu viii 23-26) of what had been whispered and what had been said aloud, of whether the one speaking straightforwardly be seen as a partner or whether the one speaking evil might [not be] seen as such(?) —

ix 3-5) he (Gudea) brings alon^ with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu Sakkan-the-...-deer, the messenger of the "good house," ... ix 6-12) That he (Kindazi) might clean with water, scrub with soap, that oil from the white stone jars be ..., that he (Ningirsu) might enjoy sweet sleep on his bedspread with blue flowers; that he might enter his bedroom in his "good house" from outside, (but) not go out from it (again) — ix 13-14) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu Kindazi, who is the one of the "good house."

Cy1Bix3 The "good house" (also in Cyl. B ix 10, 13, x 11) probably was Ningirsu's living quarters.

94 15)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB GIŠ.gigir-kù an-mul-a rín-na-da

16) ANŠE.DUN.ÙR pirig kas4-e pà-da 17) anše-ba sè-ga-da 18) anše-sig-a anše-eridu.KI-ka 19) anše-dun-da E KA kur-kur-ku4(REC 56) di-da 20) 1uga1-bi dnin-gír-su J}ú1-1a túm-mu-da 1ú ug-gim sig4-gi4-a 22) mar-uru5-gim zi-ga d 23) maškim-da-ga- n[i]n-[g]ír-su-ka Col. d en-sig-nun sipa-anše-ka-ni 1) 2) en dnin-gír~su-ra me-ni-da mu-nada-dib-e ì hi-a-da gára'(BI) î-a-da 3) ud5-kù ud5-ga-nag máš-1u1im 4) ama-dnin-gír-sú-ka 5) 6) ì ga-bi èš é-ninnu-a muš nu-túm-da en-lulim sipa-máš-1u1im en dnin-gír-sú7) ra 8) me-ni-da mu-na-da-dib-e ti-gi4 níg-du10-ge si-sá-a-da 9) 10 kisal-é-ninnu hú1-a si-a-da 11 al-gar mi-rí-tum níg-é-dul0-ga 12 ur-sag-PI.TÚG-a-ra d nin-gír-su-ra é-ninnu duÎ0-bi gá-gá-da 13 14 nar-ki-ág-a-ni ušumga1-ka1am-ma d 15 en nin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadib-e 16 šà hug-gá-da bar hug-ga-da 17 igi-ér-pà-da ér šeX(SIG)-da 18 šà-a-nir-ta a-nīr ba-da 19 en-na šà ab-gim zi-ga-ni 20 ÍD.buranun.KI-gim 1uÎ}-ha-ni a-ma-ru-gim sa-ga du„-ni 21 d 22 kur gú-érim-gá1- en-1íÌ-1á-ka a-gim ù-mi-^gar šà x x (x)1 gú-bi gi4-a23 ni A HA(!?) sù-da Col. xi balag-gà-ni lugal-igi-ûs-àm 1) d 2) en nin-gír-sú-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadib-e 1ukur-ki-IG-ni hé-gá1-1ú-šár 3) d za-za-ru 4) d IM-pa-è 5) d 6) úr-agrun-ta-è-a hé-gír-nun-na 7) d 8) Uhé-šà-ga zu-ur-mu 9) d za-ar-mu 10) d 11) dumu-maš-imin- ba-ú-me d bàn-da-en nin-gír-su-ka-me 13) nam-šitaX(REC 316)-sa6-ga-gù-dé-a-da d 14) en nin-gír-su-ra mu-na-da-šu4-ge-éš

21)

ix 15-20) That the brand-new chariot ... might be yoked up and that a donkey stallion, a lionsummoned-for-running, be included in that donkey (-team); that a slender donkey, one of Eridu, might gallop along with the stallions ...; that they might carry their master Ningirsu in joy — ix 21-23) the one roaring like a lion, rising like a floodstorm, Ningirsu's hurrying bailiff,

x 1 ) Ensignun, his donkeyherd, x 2) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu. x 3-6) That there might be an abundance of fat and cream, that the white goats, milking goats, and the hind, Ningirsu's mother, might never cease to provide fat and milk for the sanctuary Eninnu — x 7-8) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu the Lord Stag, the herdsman of the hinds. x 9-13) That the kett1edrum(?) of beautiful sound be properly tuned, that Eninnu's courtyard be full of merriment, that algar and mirītum, the instruments of the "good house," offer their best to the listening warrior, to Ningirsu in Eninnu — x 14—15) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu his beloved musician, the Dragon-of-the-Land. x 16-23) That one might be at ease, body and soul, that tears be dried off the weeping eye, that anguish be cut off the anguishing heart; that the lord's heart that rises like the sea, washes away like the Euphrates, that hits like a floodstorm, that has returned to its banks after submerging the lands, all Enlil's enemies, be ... —

xi 1-2) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu his harp, the Kingwith-the-fierce-face. xi 3-14) His beloved lukur maidens, (creating) plentitude for the myriads, Zazaru, IM-pa'e, Uragrunta-ea, Hegirnuna, Hesaga, Zurmu, Zarmu — Bau's seven (twin) daughters they are and Ningirsu's unruly children — they are standing by the lord Ningirsu with friendly prayers on behalf of Gudea.

12)

Cy1B ix 15 Steinkeller is suggesting an association of this passage with the constellation auriga (Akkadian narkabtu ). CylBx 14 The "Dragon-of-the-Land" is Ningirsu's harp mentioned in Cyl. A vi 24, vii 24, B xv 21, xviii 22; cf. note to Cyl. A vi 24. Cy1Bxi3 A lukur was a female attendant of high status. Jacobsen (Harps) takes the seven goddesses to represent rain clouds.

Gudea 15)

16) 17)

18) 19)

20)

21) 22) 23) 24) 25)

26) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

asa5-gal-gal-e su fl-la-da e pa4-1agaš.KI-ke4 gú-bi zi-ga-da eden lugal-bi-ir tum gú-eden-na-ka dašnan kù-sù pa-sikil-e àbsin-na sag an-šè í1-{ŠÈ} aša5-zi-bi gig zíz gú-gú um-túm gur7-gur7 maš-ki-1agaš.KI-ke4 gú gur-gur-ra-da sag-du5 ( GIN-nuti11û) -den-1í1-1á engargú-eden-na d giš-bar-è en dnin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da mu-na-da-an-dib-e xii ambar-bi KU 6 .ÖI+SUyUR KU6.suhur ù-DU giš-gi-s[e]x (SA[R])-ga-bi gi-ha-bù-rurl ù-D[U] imin-NAR ra-[gJaba-gu-eden-n[a-k]e4 d nin-gír-su-ra é-ninnu-a inim-bi ku4[k]u4(REC 56)-da d 1ama enku-e gú-eden-na en dnin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadib-e eden ki-du10-ge na-de 5 -ga-da gú-eden-na eden-du10-ge na-de5 sum-ma-da musen-bi [x x] rín-na-da nunuz-bi é-DI-a gá1-1a-da ama-bi bùlug-e-da DU8,DU8-maš-anše 1u-a-ba eden-ki-ág-dnin-gír-su-ka-ke4 níg-ku5 nu-ak-da d dim-ga1-abzu nimgir-gú-eden-na en dnin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da mu-na -da-dib-bé iri dù-a-da ki-tuš gar-ra-da bàd-iri-kù-ga en-nu dù-a-da d àga-ús-dag-ga-na-bi sitaX(REC 316)-sag-mah-GIŠ.eren-bar6-bar6-ra é-e dab6-ba-da d 1uga1- en-nu-iri-kù-ga-kam en dnin-gír-su-ra me-ni-da mu-na-dadib-e an-kù-ge zi-dè-éš mu-gar

Col. xiii d en-Ifl-e sag-ba gur bí-dar d nin-hur-sag-ke4 igi-zi ba-šì-bar 2) d e[n-k]i 1uga1-eridu.K[I-k]e4 temen-bi 3) [m]u*si en-zi šà-dadag-ga-ke4 4) d suen-e me-bi an-ki-a im-mi-diri-ga-àm 5) d nin-gír-sú-ke4 èš-numun-i-a šà-ge ba6) ni-pà ama dnanše sig4-ki-1agaš.KI-ka 7) 8) mí-zi ba-ni-in-dun digir-numun-zi-zi-da-ke4 9) é mu-dù m[u-b]i pa b[Í-UD.D]U

o

10)

E3/LL7.CylB

95

xi 15-23) That the vast fields might grow rich, that the ditches and canals of Lagas be full to the brim, that in the plain befitting its owner, in Gu-edenna, the Grain goddess, Bright-and-long, Pure stalk, might proudly look up from her furrow, that after the good fields (of Lagas) have brought wheat, emmer and all kinds of pulses, enormous grain heaps, the (whole) yield of the land of Lagas, might be heaped up — xi 24-26) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu Enid's surveyor, the farmer of Gu-edenna, Gisbar-e.

xii 1-4) That I, the messenger of Gu-edenna, might inform Ningirsu in Eninnu about the marshes (of Lagas), after they had brought forth carp and perch(?), and about the green cane-brakes, after they had produced new shoots of reed — xii 5-6) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu Lama-inspector-ofthe-fisheries-of-Gu-edenna. xii 7-15) That the steppe (as far as it is) a "good" place might be properly advised, the Gu-edenna, the "good" steppe, be subject to inspection, that the birds might ... [...], that their eggs might be in the nest, that they rear their young (text: ama "mother" for amar), that the beloved steppe of Ningirsu might not diminish the weaned young of the beasts as many as there are — xii 16-18) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu Dimgal-abzu, the herald of Gu-edenna. xii 19-23) That cities be built, settlements be founded, that the guard-houses of the wall of the Shining City might be built, that its resident constable, (being) the White cedar mace with the enormous head, might stay close to the House — xii 24-25) he (Gudea) brings along with himself (and introduces) to the lord Ningirsu, the divine Master of the guard house of the Shining City. xii 26) Bright An had sited (the House) in a trustworthy manner, xiii 1) Enlil had xiii 2-3) Ninhursanga had looked on it in a friendly way, Enki, king of Eridu, had driven in its foundation boxes, xiii 4 - 5 ) the true lord of a most pure heart, Suen, had in fact seen to it that (EninnuV) powers were greater than (the whole of) heaven and earth, xiii 6) Ningirsu had conceived (the House) in (his) heart as a sanctuary from which the seed sprouted, xiii 7 - 8 ) Mother Nanse had cared for the (first) Brick of the land of Lagas, xiii 9-10) (but) the god of most reliable progeny (really) did build the House and make its name famous.

96

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

agrig-ka1-[ga]-dnanše-rke41 sipa-[g]ú-tuku-dnin-[g]ír-sú-ka-ke4 gal mu-zu gal ì-ga-túm-mu é-e 1ú-Ie1-dù-a-ke4 gù-dé-a énsi 1agaš.KI-ke4 sag im-rigx(PA.TUK.DU)-ge G1S.gigir kur mu-gurum su-zi-gùr ní-ga1 u5-a ANŠE.DUN.ÙR-bi u4-gù-duI0-du10-ga anše-ba sè-ga-da

21) 22) 23)

šitaX(REC 316)-sag-imin tuku1-huš-mè tukul ub-min-e nu-fl giš-gaz-mè mi-tum tukul-nir(ZA.NIM) sag-pirig

Col. xiv kur-da gaba nu-gi* 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

GIŠ.KAxGÍR gír šu-nir-10 LÁ1 á-nam-ur-sag-gá GIS .ban tir-mes-gim gù-gar-ra-ni ti-šúr mè-a nim-gim gír-da-ni é-mar-uru5 ug pirig muš-huš-šè eme-è-dè-da-ni á-mè me-nam-lugal si-si-a-da énsi 1ú-é-dù-a-ke4 gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 sag im-mi-íb-rig7-ge [urud]a an-na 1agab-za-gìn-na kù-NE gug-gi-rinme-1ut)-l)a-da URUDA.šen-mab URUDA.URI-mah URUDA.éš-da-kù URUDA.bur-kù an-né túm x IM x yiU-ga-ke4 banšur-kù an-na í1-1a-da ki-sá-[duM-ga(?)] bí-[gub(?)] d nin-gí[r-su]-ke4 iri-ni 1agaš.KI îú? xi ki-du,0 ba-sum é-ki-ná-a ki-ní-te-é-a-ba ná mu-ni-gub kur-kur-re mušen-gim sila-ba dumu-den-1í1 la da ni mu-da-ab-te-te íd-dè a-zal-le si-a-da ambar-ra ÖI.SUHUR.KU, Isuhur1.KU6 gá1-1a-da xv enku kù-gá1-bi zà-ba gub-ba-da a-gal-gal-e še si-si-a- gur7 du6-gur7 maš ki-1agaš.KI-ke4 gú gur-gur-ra-da

xiii 11-13) The mighty steward of Nanše, the brave shepherd of Ningirsu, is wise and able, too, to realize things. xiii 14-17) For the House, the one who built it, Gudea, ruler of Lagas, is (now) making presents.

xiii 18-20) The chariot (named) "It subdued the mountain," which carries terror and has made great awe "ride" on it, its donkey stallion, a merrily neighing wind, which is to be harnessed with the (other) donkeys, xiii 21-23) the seven-headed club, fierce battle mace, the weapon unbearable for North and South, a cudgel in pitched battle, (and) the "dead man," the lion-headed weapon of hulālu stone, xiv 1) which never turns back before the highlands, xiv 2-8) the ... nine standards, the warrior-arm, his bow twanging like a forest of mes trees, his angry arrows whizzing like flashes in battle, his quiver (depicting) lions and lionesses(?) against which fierce snakes stick out the tongue, (all of them) arms of battle that have been endued with the power of kingship — xiv 9-12) (with all this) the ruler, who had built the House, Gudea, ruler of Lagas, is presenting (the House). xiv 13-18) Along with copper, tin, slabs of lapis lazuli, shining metal (and) spotless Meluhha camelian, huge copper pails, huge copper ...s, shining copper ...s, shining copper bowls befitting An, ... [...ed] at the ... place [...], so that a properly set table ( - altar?) might be piled up to An. xiv 19-20) Ningirsu ... his city, Lagas. xiv 21-22) In its bedroom, the resting place of the House, he set up the bed. xiv 23-24) Everybody (now) rests with Enlil's son like the birds in their ... xiv 25-26) That (from now on) the river be full of flowing water, that there be carp and perch(?) in the marshes, xv 1-4) that the inspector of fisheries and the dyke inspector might assist, that barley might be filled in (and shipped) on the great waters, that tons, heaps and tons, the income of the land of Lagas, might be piled up;

CylBxiv 16 The first and third signs of Thureau-Dangin's copy (AN and MI) cannot be brought in agreement with the traces on the photo in de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 36. "AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN" would be totally unexpected because of the following -ga-.

GudeaE3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm10 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13 ) 14)

tùr dù-a-da a-maš dù-a-da Ug-zi-da sila4 1dù-dù1-a-da udu-nita ug-zi-bi šu ba-ba-ra-da áb-zi-da amar gub-gub-ba-da šà-ba gu4-nínda gù-nun-bi di-da gu4-e šu4-dul-1a si sá-a-da engar gu4-ra-bi zà-ba gub-ba-da anše níg-TÚG-bi ü-a-da á-dab5 še-si-bi egir-bi ús-sa-Ida1 DUN-e URUDA.ha-íx1-mah lá-a-da

15 ) é-àr-àr mah fl-1a-da 16) gá da GÁ GADA+TAG4.DU8 é-géme-tur-dIningír-sul -[ka]-ke4 17) [x] rX1-gim [x]-A-a-da 18) [x g]i en GAR-e si [s]á-a-da 19) kisa1-é( !)(SA)-ninnu-[k]e4fcú1-1asi-a-da 20) si-im-da á-1á balag nam-nar šu-du7-a 21 ) ba1ag-ki-ág-ni ušumga1-ka1am-ma 22) sag-ba gen-na^da 23)

énsi é-nînnu mu-dù-a

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11 ) 12) 13) 14)

xvi gù-dé-a en dnin-gír-su-ra mu-na-da-ku4-ku4(REC 144) ïél-e me-gal-la [s]ag mi-ni-íb-í1 ní me-1im5-ma šu mi-ni-tb-du7 má-guiygim munsub( ? ) im-[x] dím-sa-bi im-a5 1uga1-bi bára-gfr-nun-na-ka ur-sag dnin-gír-su u4-dè-éš im-è GIŠ.PÚ níg-fl4a dú-ru-na-bi an-sig7-ga sú-1im fl-1a-àm šu-nir-bi sag-šu4-ga-bi d nin-gír-su <su->zi mu-ÍL-àm kuš-1á igi-bi-šè si-sá-a-bi muš-ka-sig7-ga a a-tu5-a-àm

15) 16)

G1Š.gigir-za-gìn ul ÍL-a-na 1uga1-bi ur-sag dnin-gír-su rd1utu-àm mu-gub

17) 18) 19) 20)

gu-za gú-en-na gub-ba-bi GIŠGAL-kù-an-na ul-la dú-ru-na-àm ná-bi ki-ná-a gub-ba-bi ši1am(TÛR) ki-ná-ba du10 gar-ra-àm

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

xvii bar-kù ú-za-gìn ba-ra-ga-ba ama dba-ú en dnin-gír-su-da ki-ná mu-da-ab-du10-ge sipar-gal-gal-e téš mu-gu7-e é-zi-da 1zà1-da [(x) U D]. K A. B A R-kù-ge ne-sag mi-ni-íb-šeg6-šeg6

CylB xvi 5 This line probably has a parallel in Cyl. frag. 5 v' 1'.

97

xv 5-9) that cattle-pens and sheepfolds be built, that lambs might abound around the healthy ewes, that the rams be let loose on the healthy ewes, that many calves might stand by the healthy cows, and that the pure-bred sire might low among them; xv 10-11) that the oxen be properly yoked and the farmer and the ox-driver might stand at their place; xv 12-14) that the pack-saddles be lifted on the donkeys and that the hirelings who feed them follow behind them, that huge copper ... be strapped on the jackasses; xv 15-17) that the mill might burst (with work) so that in the ..., the house of Ningirsu's young slave women, ...; xv 18) that ... be set right, xv 19-22) that the courtyard of Eninnu be filled with joy, that together with the kett1edrums(?) a la instruments and harps might sound in perfect concert and that (Ningirsu's) beloved harp, the Dragon-ofthe-Land, walk in front (of the procession) — xv 23) (to that intent) did the ruler who had built the Eninnu, xvi 1-2) did Gudea come before the lord Ningirsu. xvi 3-^1) The House lifted the head, proud of itself, unparalleled in awe and splendour, xvi 5-6) Like a boat it ... xvi 7-8) Its owner, on the dais of Girnun, the warrior Ningirsu came out like daylight, xvi 9-10) The canopy(?) (of the dais) resting on a support is (like) the beautiful sky carrying splendour, xvi 11-12) The poles (of the canopy?) and their caps are Ningirsu (himself), laden with terror xvi 13-14) The leather cord (of the canopy?) fitted in front of it is (like) a snake with a yellow mouth bathing in water. xvi 15-16) The owner (of the House), the warrior Ningirsu, stands like the sun god in his most fascinating blue chariot. xvi 17-18) The throne (of the House) standing in the guenna is the bright seat of An, dwelling in ... xvi 19-20) The bed (of the House) standing in the bedroom is (adorned with) young cows that kneel down at their shed. xvii 1-3) On the snow-white cover (of the bed) having a pattern of blue flowers, mother Bau is lying at ease with the lord Ningirsu. xvii 4 - 6 ) Large bronze (plates) offer all sorts of food, in the "good" house at the side, (meals prepared from) first ... are cooking in shining bronze (vessels).

98

Gudea E3/L1.7.Cy1B

7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)

bur-kù univgal-la šu4-ga-bi bugin-mah-bàn-da a nu-silig5-ge-dam éš-da-bi da-ba gub-ba-bi ÍD.idigina ÍD.buranun.KI-bi-da hé-gá1 DU.DU-àm níg-du7 iri-na-ke4 pa bí-è gù-dé-a é-ninnu mu-dù me-bi šu bí-du7 é-ì-gára-ba ì gára Ì-ku4(REC 144) é-KÙ.AN-ka-ba níg mu-ni-gar-gar ur5 mu-dug šu-šu mu-gar

18) 19) 20) 21 ) Col. 1)

u41uga1-ni é-a ku4 (REC 144)-ra u4-imin-né-éš géme nin-a-ni mu-da-sá-àm urdu-dè 1uga1-e zà mu-da-DU-àm xviii iri-na ú-si19-ni zà-bi-a mu-da-a-nú-àm

2) 3)

eme-níg-hu1-da inim ba-da-kur níg-érim é-ba im-ma-an-g[i4]

4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21)

níg-g [i-naj-d[nanšeJ dni[n-gír-su]-k[a-šè] èn [im]-m[a-ši-tar] nu-sik[i 1ú-níg-tuku] nu-m[u-na-gar] nu-m[a-su] lú-[á-tuku] nu-na-[gar] é dumu-[nita] nu-[tuku(-a)] dumu-M[Í-bi] udu g[iš bí-tag] u4-níg-si-[sá] mu-na-t[a] -UD.D[U] níg-érim i-dutu gú-bi gìri bí-ús iri-e dutu-gìm ki-ša-ra im-ma-ta-a-è sag-gá-ni-a gur im-mi-dar igi-an-kù-ga-ke4 ne-te-ni bí-zu gu4-gim sag-í1-1a mu-ku4-ku4(REC 144) èš é-ninnu-a gu4-du7 máš-du7-e giš bí-tag bur an-na mu-gub te mu-ni-dé-dé

22)

ušumga1-ka1am-ma ti-gi4-a mu-gub

Col. 1 ) xix á-1á u4-dam sig4

mu-na-ab-gi4

2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

énsi zà-è-a nam-mi-gub iri-ni u6 mu-e gù-dè-a [...]

8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15)

[...] [„.] [...] [...] [x x hé]-gá1 [mu-na]-t[a-è] ki še-gu-n[u] mu-na-mú-mú énsi-da 1agaš.KI-e hé-gá1-1a šu mu-da-peš-e

7)

xvii 7 - 1 1 ) The pure stone jars standing in the dining-hall are (like) huge, stout troughs with an inexhaustible supply of water, and the goblets standing next to them are both the Tigris and the Euphrates bringing abundance, xvii 12-14) (Thus) he had caused everything to function as it should in his city; Gudea had built the Eninnu, had met with all cultic necessities, xvii 15-16) He brought fat and cream into the dairy, he stored many things in the ... (of the House), xvii 17) He had debts remitted and he granted pardons. xvii 18-21) When his master had entered his House, for seven days the slave woman was allowed to be equal to her mistress, the slave was allowed to walk side by side with his master. xviii 1) In his city the one (who appeared) unclean (to someone) was permitted to sleep (only) outside, xviii 2-3) He had words cut off the evil-speaking tongue, and he had anything disharmonious turned away from the House. xviii 4—7) He paid attention to the justice (ordained) [by Nanse] and Ni[ngirsu]; he did not expose the orphan [to the wealthy person] nor did he expose the widow to the [influential] one. xviii 8-9) [1n(?)] a house [having] no [male] child, the daughter [would slaughter] a sheep. xviii 10-11) Days of justice had risen for him, and he set (his) foot on the neck of evil and complaint. xviii 12-13) Had he not himself risen for his city from the horizon like the sun god? xviii 14-17) He ... In the face of bright heaven he showed who he was. Like a bull he enters, his head raised high. xviii 18-19) He had unblemished oxen and kids slaughtered in the Eninnu sanctuary, xviii 20-21) He put a jar in the open and poured much wine into it. xviii 22) The (harp) Dragon-of-the-Land he joined with the kett1edrum(?), xix 1 ) and the ala instruments sounded for him like a storm. xix 2-4) Lo, the ruler stood on a ... and his city gave him acclaim. xix 5-11) Gudea [...]

[...]

xix 12) [... abun]dance [came] forth [to him], xix 13-15) The earth makes spotted barley grow for him, and the abundance of the land of Lagas increases under (its) ruler.


ur-sag é-gibil-na ku4(REC 56)-ra-àm eil dnin-gír-su-ra šubun-du10 mu-na-ni-íb-gá1

18) an zà-ga14a mu-na-tuš 19) an-ra den-1í1 im-ma-ni-ús 20) den-líl-ra 21) dnin-mah mu-ni-ús Col. xx i) [...] 2) [...] 3) [...] 4) [...] 5) [...] 6) [...] 7) [...] 8) [...] 9) [-.] 10) [•••] 11) [...] 12) [.-] 13) [x x] s[ù x x] 14) é-d[a (x)] lugal i[m]-da-hÚ[1] 15) sig4-é-ninnu-ka n[am] im-[mi]-tar-[re] 16) s[ig4-é-ninnu] 17) nam-du,0 hé-tar 18) sig4 é-ninnu nam Jjé-tar 19) nam-dUio hé-tar 20) é-kur an-né ki-gar-ra 21) me-gal-la dù-a Col. xxi 1) [...] 2) [...] 3) [...] 4) [...] 5) [...] 6) [...] 7) [...] 8) [...] 9) [...] 10) [...] 11) [...] 12) [...] 13) [...] 14) [...] 15) [...] 16) [...] 17) IsigtHé-ninnuj-ka n [ a m ] ì-mi-íb-tar-re 18) 19) 20) Col. 1)

sig4 nam hé-tar sig4-é-ninnu nam-dul0 hé-tar é ÏM ne-mur sub ki(!)-us-[sa] an gu-1á-a xxii [...] kù [...1-e

99

xix 16-17) (Now) that the warrior had moved into his new House, (Gudea) served a delicious banquet to the lord Ningirsu. xix 18-21) He seated An at the place of honour for him, he made Enlil sit next to An and Ninmah next to Enlil.

xx

1-13) [...]

xx 14-15) The owner rejoiced over the House, and he made a firm promise for the "brick" of Eninnu: xx 16-19) "O brick (of Eninnu], let something favourable be promised, brick of Eninnu, let it be promised, let something favourable be promised, xx 20-21) Ekur, founded in heaven, built as (your) very self, xxi 1-16) [...]

xxi 17) (So) he makes a firm promise for the brick [of Eninnu]: xxi 18-19) "O brick, let it be promised, brick of Eninnu, let something favourable be promised. xxi 20) House, ... ember ... xxii 1) [...] ... [...] ...

100

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

2)

xxii 2-15) [...]

3) 4) 5)

6) 7)

8)

9)

10) H)

12) 13) 14) 15)

16)

ra?1

17) [...]mu-zu-šè tùr hé-em-ši-dù-dù 18) a-maš hé-em-ši-bi1-bi! 19) ùg ú-sa1-1a hé-gá!nú 20) ki-en-gi-re6 kur-kur igi-bi ha-mu-ši-gá1 Col. xxiii 1) é-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-rzu1 an-né ha-ra-[Í]1 2) 3) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

[...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] rX1 [... g]a [...]-me [x (x) N]INA [x d]ù-a [x x] dù [x x (x)] rXi [dGI]Š,BIL-ga-[m]èš(!?)-da mú-a G1Š.gu-za-gub-ba-bi lu nu-kúr-e digir-zu dnin-giš-zi-da dumu-KA-an-na-kam digir-ama-zu dnin-sún-na ama-gan-numun-zi-da numun-e ki-ág-àm

21 ) 22) Col. 1) 2)

áb-zi-dè MÍ ba-tu(REC 144)-da-me mes-zi ki-1agaš.KI-[ta] è-a xxiv d nin-gír-su-ka-me sig-ta nim-šè [m]u-zu hé-gá1

3) 4) 5) 6)

[g]ù-dé-a [du„]-ga-za [x]-bi túg rpú na-DU f(x)] rX1 KA gurus [(x)] an-né zu-me [PA.T]E.SI-[z]i é-e nam tar-ra-me

7) 8)

[g] ù-dé-a [d] umu-dnin-giš-zi-da-ka [n]am-ti [h]a-mu-ra-sù

xxii 16 [...] ... xxii 17-18) Let the cattle pens be built on your behalf, let the sheepfolds be renewed on your account, xxii 19-20) May the people lie down in safe pastures under your reign, (enjoying) abundance and let the eyes of all the countries be directed toward Sumer. xxiii 1) May the House, [your] Thunderbird, soar in the skies for your (benefit). xxiii 2-12) [...]

xxiii 13-15) [...] ... [...] ...

xxiii 16) Grown as tall as Gilgames. xxiii 17) Its throne set there no one shall remove, xxiii 18-20) Your (personal) god is Ningišzida, grandson of An, your mother goddess is Ninsuna, the mother who bore healthy offspring and who loves (her) offspring. xxiii 21-22) You are (the young) whom the dear cow has born, the faithful youth arisen [from] Lagas, xxiv 1) You are Ningirsu's. xxiv 2) May your name be famous from "Below" to "Above" xxiv 3-4) O Gudea, nobody ... shall pass over what you [ordered], xxiv 5 - 6 ) you ... are a man known to An, you are a faithful ruler to (whose) house a firm promise has been made. xxiv 7 - 8 ) Gudea, son of Ningišzida, may life be prolonged for you."


101

xxiv 9-10) O House that reaches to heaven like a great mountain, whose awe and aura are shed over the Land, xxiv 11-14) (now) that An, that Enlil has made a firm promise for Lagas, that all countries have learned about Ningirsu's reputation, that Eninnu is joined both to heaven and earth — xxiv 15) praise be unto Ningirsu! xxiv 16-17) (This) is the end of the praising hymn of (the composition) "Ningirsu's House having been built"

é kur-gal-gim an-né ús-sa [n]í me-1im5-bi kalam-ma ru-a

d en-1fl-e nam-1agaš.KI tar-ra 11) an-né d

12) nìn-gír-su-ka nam-nir-gá1-ni 13) kur-kur-re zu-a 14) é-ninnu an-ki-da mú-a zà-mí 15) dnin-gír-su d 16) léî- nin-gír-su-[k]a dù-a 17) [z]à-mí egir-bi

The Cylinder Fragments

Eleven fragments of cylinder inscriptions were published in de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (Thureau-Dangin's copies, reproduced in TCL 8 pis. LIII-LIV). No. 12 was added by A. Baer, RA 65 (1971) p. 2 (photo); see handcopy here on p. 233. Of these fragments, Baer excluded nos. 1, 6, 7, and 10 as candidates to fill the big lacuna in Cyl. B, because their measurements do not correspond to those of Cyl. B (width of columns, size of signs). Baer used frgms. 8+3+5+4, l l ( + ) 2 , 9, and 12 for the restoration of Cyl. B xviii-xxiv. We have shown above in the commentary to Gudea Cyl. B that frgms. 8+3+5+4 have to be eliminated as parts of that cylinder, and we have likewise discarded frgms. 9 and 12. Frgms. 8+3+5+4, 6, 7, 9, 10, l l ( + ) 2 , and 12 are edited below. A translation has been given only when sufficient context is available. The measurements have very kindly been supplied by Mme. B. André-Salvini. Only fragments 8+3+5+4, which contain Gudea's name, can be assigned with certainty to that ruler. The other fragments have been tentatively included for reasons of phraseology.

Fragment 1 COMMENTARY MNB 1514a: Bottom fragment of a clay cylinder, height 14.5 cm, length 12.3 cm, thickness 2.2—2.3 cm, reconstructed dia. 32 cm, width of cols. 5.0 cm (as opposed to 4 . 4 ^ . 5 cm in Cyl. B). Fragment 1 possibly belongs together with frgms. 6 and 10. With its

reconstructed dia. of 32 cm (the same as that of Cyl. A), the cylinder of which frgm 1 is part must have corresponded in size to Cyl. A (or B).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (copy) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pl. LIII (copy)

1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1971 Baer, RA 65 p. 3 (study)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CyIfrgm 1

102

TEXT

coi. r 1') 2) 3') 4') Col. 1') 2') 3') 4 ) Col. I') 2') 3')

ï Y-4')

[(x)] ïxl-bi [x] x du8-a [x] mu-na-tu (REC 144)-[ru]-né-ša-àm [(GAL.)U]ŠUM ha-mu-Fxl ha-mu-ug5 [g]ìri-zu Txl ha-mu-[(x)]-nú ii' am[ux]sag[x] ur-sag-gá-àm kur-ba ha-mu-ni-ug5 GIŠIMMAR-e kur ki-sikil-a ní hé-mi-íb-í1-fl iii' bar me [x x] DU [x] gír-su.KI [x] ú-he n[u-x(-x)]-g[u7-e] a-he nu-[x(-x)]-n[a8-na8]

... which (they?) sat down, ....

ii' r - 4 ' ) ... . let ..., a warrior, be killed in his/its mountain, let the date palm(?) bear awe in the mountain, the pure place.

l'-3') ... Girsu will not have enough food to eat, will not have enough water to drink.

Fragments 8+3+5+4 COMMENTARY Four fragments of a clay cylinder, joined; see copy on p. 233. Measurements: Frgm. 8 (MNB 1514e): height 7.2 cm, length 7.1 cm, thickness 2,2 cm, width of col. 4.7 cm. Frgm. 3 (MNB Ì514h): height 9.1 cm, length 7.8 cm, thickness 2.2 cm, reconstructed width of col. 4.4 cm. Frgm. 5 (MNB 1514f): height 12.0 cm, length 9.2 cm,

thickness 2.3 cm, width of col. 4.5 cm, reconstructed dia. ca. 30 cm? Frgm. 4 (MNB 1395): height 10.8 cm, length 10.0 cm, thickness 2.0 cm, width of coL 4.4 cm. The estimated dia. of ca. 30 cm points to an object comparable to Cylinders A and B.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (copies) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pis. LIII-LIV (copies) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy)

1971 Baer, RA 65 pp. 4-5, 10-12 (edition) 1987 Jacobsen, Harps pp. 441-43 (translation)

TEXT Col. 1') 2') Col 1') 2') 3') Col. V) 2 ) 3') 4') 5') 6')

' (frgm. 8) fx x S]I [x x G]ÁL [x x m]ah ii' (frgm. 8) [x] r x l [x (x)] è r x l agrig-zi ama dnanse-ra muš nu-[tú]m Tél [-..] iii' (frgms. 5 and 3) [x] e pa4-bi [x] me-dim [(x)] 1x1 é kù za-gìn [(x)] en-nu-bi [(x) m]e-dím [gù]-dé-a [é]-gul0 ma-[d]ù-e [me-bi ma]-ab-du7-du7 [x (x)] ixl UD-gim [x]-e ma-da-ab-si-si hur-sag-ga-lam-ma-gim an ki-a bad-bad-e

i' 1 - 2 ' ) ... xx

ii' 1 - 3 ' ) ... the faithful steward who is ever present for mother Nanše ...

iii7 1 '-2') dikes and canals ... House, silver and lapis lazuli, its guard(-house) ... iii' 3^-4') Gudea will build my [House] for me, he will do it [for me] as exactly [as he can]. iii' 5') ... iii' 6') separating heaven from earth as (one would see it from) an ever-rising mountain

Gudea E3/L1.7.Cy1frgms 8+3+5+4 7') 8') 9') Col. 1') 2') 3') 4') 5') 6') T)

103

iii' 7 - 9 ' )

inim-bi ènsi ïxl du„-ga-nu ]x (x)] rxl nu-mu-[x-x(-x)]-DU [...] rxi iv' (frgms. 5, 3, and 4) piri[g-J)uš] á-[tuku] d nin-gi[r-su] a-zi-den-l[fl-là] fcur-sag-e tu-da máš-1u1im-e ga-zi gu7-a r% ha-1u-úb mur-ra-an n[a • x]-a u4-bù-[bù] an-šár rX1 [( x )] rX1 gá[1] rxl ur-sag dnin-ïgir-su kiI-ba[1] du7-du7

iv' l'-4') [Fierce] lion, [full of] strength, Ningi[rsu], true offspring of En1[i1], born by the mountain, nursed with the healthy milk of a hind, iv' 5'-6') ... halub and murran trees, blowing storm ...

iv' 7') warrior Ningirsu, butting against the rebel lands, iv' 8') [...] ...

8') [...] TDU/dal Col. v' (frgms. 5 and 4) 1') m[á x x (x)] muns[ub? x x] 2') am-s[i]-gim [á]-ûš1-ba nu-D[U(-x)] 3') Tgul-pes-àm á im-ta-šub 4') é-e ú-BAD-gim šà ki im-mi-íb-tab 5') šu-úr-me Ix1-bi n[ú-a] 6') N[Á ...] Col. vi' (frgm. 4) 1') [...] ÍL [x] 2') si1a-sír-sí[r x] á [...]

v' 1') ... v' 2 - 3 ' ) Like an elephant it ... not in its fierce [force]; with its broad neck it has lowered the horns. v' 4') The House ... (on) the ground like ... grass. v' 5') Cypress ... v' 6') ... [...] vi# l'-2') ...

Fragment 6 COMMENTARY MNB 1514d: Fragment of a clay cylinder, height 15.0 cm, length 5.4 cm, thickness 2.4 cm, reconstructed width of col. 4.5 cm. Possibly belongs together with frgms. 1 and 10.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (copy) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pl. LIV (copy)

1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1971 Baer, RA 65 p. 3 (study)

TEXT Col. i Y) [...] r x l [... A]N 2')

[...] r x i [...] r x i

3') 41 50 Col. 1') 2') 3')

[...] bi [... G]I Jja-[,.,]-ra [...] DU [.,.] r x i [...] DU [...] ii' [x] rxl x (x)] NI UR[U X (x)] UŠUM [x x] gù AN [x (x)] NE [x (x)] GIŠ.ma-[nu? x x] GAR AN [x x] GI i[r? x x] ma h[a x x] NI [x x (x)]

ï 1 - 5 ' ) ...

ii' l'-3') ...

Gudea

104

E3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm 7

Fragment 7 COMMENTARY MNB 1514i: Fragment of a clay cylinder, height 3.5 cm, length 8.2 cm, thickness 2.1 cm, width of column 4.1 cm.

The fragment belongs neither to Cyl. B nor to frgms. 1, 6, and 10, because of the narrowness of the columns.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy) 1971 Baer, RA 65 p. 3 (study)

1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (copy) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pl. LIV (copy)

TEXT Col. 1') 2') Col. 1') 2') Col. 1')

Ï [ ] r xl [x za-g]in-na-ke4 [...] ii' [...] kalam-ma dim-gal-bi [...] iii' é su [x (x)] ka1[am ...]

ï 1-2") ... lapis lazuli ...

ii' 1 - 2 ' ) ... the Land, its great pole ...

iii' 1') ...

Fragment 9 COMMENTARY MNB 1514c: Fragment of a clay cylinder, height 6.6 cm, length 5.4 cm, thickness 2.4 cm, width of col. 4.5 cm. Not

accepted here as part of Cyl. B; see above, commentary on Cyl. B. Col. ii' V is reminiscent of frgm. 12 ii' 1'.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1971 Baer-, RA 65 pp. 7-10, 12 (edition)

1884-1912 de Sarzec» Découvertes II p. LX (copy) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pi. LIV (copy)

TEXT Col. 1') 2') 3') Col. V) 2' ) 3')

i' [x x (x)] rél [x x] r x l IGI [x x (x) d]u. [...] r x i [...] r x i [...] r x i [...] r x i [...] r x i ii' me-lim5-bi kalam-ma dul5-la-gu,o mu-bi an-zà-šè gá14a-gu, 0 èš é-n[innu] rX1 [(x)] an-ki-lal [x x] AN V [x x]

I' 1 - 3 ' ) ...

l'-3') my (House), whose aura is spread over the Land, my (House), whose name is present as far as heaven's end. Eninnu sanctuary ... in heaven and on earth

Gudea E3/1.1.7.Cylfrgm 10

105

Fragment 10 COMMENTARY MNB 1514b: Fragment of a clay cylinder, height 9.2 cm, length 4.6 cm, thickness 2.3 cm, reconstructed width of col. 4.4 cm. Possibly belongs together with frgms. I and 6.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (copy) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pl. LIV (copy) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy)

1971 Baer, RA 65 p. 3 (study)

TEXT

Col. 1') 2) Col.

r [ d en-l]fl-e [en d nin]gir-su-ra [gù mu]-na-[déHel ii'

H 2') 3')

[ » J ' x i [...] á [...] hé [...] fx (x)1 [...] rhè-xl [...]

ï 1 - 2 ' ) [En1]i1 [said] to [the lord Nin]girsu:

r-3')...

Fragments ll(+)2 and 12 COMMENTARY Fragments of clay cylinder. Frgm. 11 (AO 6953): height 4.5 cm, length 4.4 cm, thickness 2.0 cm, width of col. no longer to be reconstructed. Frgm. 2 (MNB 1514g): height 12.0 cm, length 10.8 cm, thickness 2.0 cm; reconstructed dia. 32 cm. Frgm. 12 (AO 6952): height 9.8 cm, length 6.2 cm, thickness 2 cm, width of col. (nearly complete) 4.3 cm.

The join between frgms. 11 and 2 is not a physical join, but it was proposed by Baer because of the identical height of the cases frgm. 11 ii' V and frgm. 2 ï 3' (not evident from Thureau-Dangin's copy). The reconstructed dia. points to an object comparable to Cylinders A or B.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LX (copies of frgms. 2 and II) 1925 Thureau-Dangin, TCL 8 pis. LIII (copy of frgm. 2) and LIV (copy of frgm. 11 ) 1932 Witzel, Gudea (copy)

1971 Baer, RA 65 pp. 2 (photo of frgm. 12), 6-7, 10, 12 (edition of frgms. l l ( + ) 2 and 12) 1987 Jacobson, Harps p. 443 (translation of part of frgms. 11 and 12)

106

Gudea E3/1.1.7.Cylfrgms l l ( + ) 2 and 12

TEXT Col. r Col. 1' 2' y

i' (frgm. 11) [... PI]RIG [...] r x l dé [(...)] e ii' (frgms. 11 (+2) rxi [...] DIM [...] SAR [(„.)]-ra ur Z[U (x)] IGI IM [x g]i 4' me-ii[m5]-gim kalam-[m]a [...] NE 5' [... t]i? [...] DÍM [...] si-si [...] Fx! 6' Col. r (frgm. 12) [•••] r 2' [...] rxi [...] r x i [...] rxi 3' [...] rxl [...] GAR [x x (x)] dnin-gir-[su ...] r x l Col. iii' (frgm. 2) é nam ba rX1 sù-rá-àm é dnin-gír-su gù-di-dè im-ma-gub 3') 4') 5') Col. 1 ') 2') 3') 4') 5') Col. 1') 2') 3')

dim an-né mu-rú-a-bi ùri-gal 1agaš.KI-da si-ga-bi G1Š.šár-ùr-bi men-kù-gim sig4-[é]-ke4 sag [fl-labi] ii' (frgm. 12) ùri-gal ŠIR.B[UR.LA.KI]-da si-ga-g[u10] G1Š.šár-ùr dim-[ga1]-gim iri mu [x] en dnin-gír-[su]-me a-ba ma-d[a]-dù-lel d

en-ki-ke4 e[n] dnin-gír-su-ra mu-na-ni-íb-[g]i4-gi4 iv' (frgm. 2) ki ì [DU-ba Ì] DU-d[è] gag ga LÁ-ba ga LA-dè é gu4(-)du-bi gu4 udu sum-mu-dè

r ï-)... ii' 1'-6') ... like an aura in the Land ...

l'-3')

iii' 1') ... iii' 2') Ningirsu stepped up in order to address the House: iii' 3 - 5 ' ) "Pole rammed in by An, great standard planted next to Lagas, whose Mow-down-a-myriad, like a shining crown, [raised] (its) head over the bricks of [the House]. (...)" ii' l'~2') "My great standard planted next to Lagas, the Mow-down-a-myriad, ... like a [big] pole, ii' 3') Who will build something like me, the lord Ningirsu?" ii' 4'-5') Enki answered the lord Ningirsu: ("...")

iv' l'-2') In order to bring [fat] where fat [is supposed to be brought], to hang up milk on pegs where milk is supposed to be hung, iv' 3') in order to deliver oxen and sheep to the house (in charge) of oxen and sheep, (...)"

[Additional note on Cyl. A xx 27-xxi 16 (p. 82): CI. Suter, in a lecture during the Rencontre assyriologique of Prague (1996), proposed a new interpretation of the pertinent lines. She reads sá mu-sì instead of silim mu-sum and translates "he laid/installed a square," seeing here a reference to erecting the different steps of a zikkurrat. The different "incipits," "spells," or "blessings," according to her, are similes describing the individual steps. See ZA 87 (1997), forthcoming.]

107

Gudea E3/1.t.7.1

Inscriptions on Other Objects E3/1.1.7

1 Gudea builds Bau's temple in Iriku. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 8.

CATALOGUE Ex. 1 2

Museum number VA 56 AO 11946

Publication reference VAS I no. 20 Unpubl; see Steible p. 262

Object Brick Stamped brick

Measurements 32 x32 cm —

Lines preserved 1-10 —


BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 no. 20 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 262 (edition)

TEXT d

)

ba-Iul munus-sa6-ga dumu-an-na nin-iri-kù-ga nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-5) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, lady of the Shining City, his lady,

6-8) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,


108

Gudea E3/1.1.7.CylB

2 Gudea builds Bau's temple in Iriku. From Girsu (ex. 3), Ur (ex. 2), and of unknown provenance (ex. 1); = Steible Gudea 9.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number

1

VA 4859

2

BM 116450

U. 523

UET 8 no. 18

3

AO 12764

TG 2902

See Steible p. 262

-


Object

AoF 14 p. 24

Limestone tablet Fragment of obsidian vessel Fragment of stele or slab

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Obv. 1-6, Rev. 7-8 1-3 [

Building Bui1dÌng(?)

] 3-8

—

COMMENTARY The attribution of exs. 2 and 3 is not beyond doubt. Our transliteration follows ex. 1. The text is identical with Gudea 1 except for the omission of lines 2 and 4.

Ex. 3 measures 21x14 cm; it displays an introduction scene (see Parrot, Tello p. 184 for details).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 34 (study of ex. 3) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 184 (study of ex. 3: description of introduction scene) 1965 Sollberger, UET 8 no. 18 (copy of ex. 2)

1971 Strommenger, RIA III/9 pp. 684^85 § 3 III 3 (study of ex. 3) 1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 p. 24 (copy of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 262^63 (edition)

TEXT Obverse 1) dba-ú 2) dumu-an-na 3) nin-a-ni 4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI-ke4 Reverse 7) é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni 8) mu-na-dù

1-3) For Bau, the daughter of An, his lady,


rev. 7-8) built her House of the Shining City.

109 Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

3 Gudea builds Bau's temple in Iriku. From Girsu, Lagas, Tall Jidr, and of unknown provenance; - Steible Gudea 7.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2-13 14 15-18

Museum number


YBC 2375 See Steible p. 261 Hechler no. I See Steible p. 260-61

YOS 9 no. 15

Object Clay cone Clay cones Brick Bricks

—

See Hommel —

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1-9

Building Building Building Building

— — —

COMMENTARY Ex. 1 measures 12.5 cm (length) and 5.3 cm (diameter).

The inscription is identical with Gudea 1 except for the omission of line 4.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1888 Hommel, Verhandlungen des VII. internationalen Orientalisten-Congresses, Wien p. 250 (transliteration of ex. 14) 1937 Stephens, YOS 9 p. 7 (study), no. 15 (copy of ex. 1)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

ba-ú munus-sa6-ga dumu-an-na nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-4) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, his lady,



4 Gudea builds Bau's temple in Iriku. From Girsu (ex. 1) and of unknown provenance (ex. 2); = Steible, Gudea 6

110

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

CATALOGUE

Ex.

"1

Museum number

Excavation number


IM 18647

TG 2429

FT

Collection J. Ternbach

Object

n

pi. XXXIX See Shaffer 1981

Stone tablet Stone tablet

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Obv. 1-8, Rev. 9-14 Obv. 1-8, Lower edge 9, Rev. 10-14

Building Building

COMMENTARY The inscription is an extension of Gudea 1, with lines 9-12 inserted. The transliteration follows ex. 1; in ex. 2, line 13, final -ni is preserved.

The meaning of é-PA is still unclear to me; "heptagon" for é-ub-imin, literally "house, seven corners," is but a guess.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II pl. XXXIX (copy of ex. 1) 1981 A. Shaffer in Merhav et al., A Glimpse into the Past. The Joseph Ternbach Collection, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem p. 48 n. 25 (ex. 2, photos of obv. and rev.)


TEXT Obverse 1) dba-u 2) munus-sa6-ga 3) dumu-an-na 4) nin-iri-kù-ga 5) nin-a-ni 6) gù-dé-a 7) énsi8) 1agaš.KI Reverse 9) 1ú-é-ninnu10) dnin-gir-su-ka 11) é-PA é-ub-ïiminl-a-ni 12) mu-dù-a 13) é-iri-kù-ga-ka- 14) mu-na-dù

1-5) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, the lady of the Shining City, his lady,

6-8) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš,

rev. 9-12) who had (already) built the Eninnu of Ningirsu (and) his the "heptagon" (?), rev. 13-14) built her House of the Shining City.

5 Gudea builds for Bau the wall of Iriku. From Girsu(?); = Steible Gudea 4.

111 Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

COMMENTARY YBS 2160, Stone tablet ("grey talc rock"), 10.2x5.9x1.8 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1937 Stephens, YOS 9 p. 8 (study), no. 16 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 257-58 (edition)

TEXT Obverse 1) dba-ú 2) munus-sa6-ga 3) dumu-an-na 4) nin-iri-kù-g[a] 5) fninl-a-ni 6) gù-dé-[a] 7) ensi8) 1aga[š.KI] Reverse 9) lu é-n[innu]10) dnin-gír-s[u]-ka 11) in-dù-[a] 12 ) bàd-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni 13) mu-na-dù

1-5) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, the lady of the Shining City, his lady,


rev. 9-11) who had (already) built the Eninnu of Ningirsu, rev. 12-13) built her Wall of the Shining City.

6 Gudea builds for Bau the wall(?) of Iriku. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 5.

CATALOGUE Ex. ~t 2

Museum number IM 22848 = IM 23574/A BM 30386

Publication reference Unpubl., see Steible p. 258 Unpubl.

Object Clay cone

Lines preserved Ī~m


Clay cone

—

Building

COMMENTARY The transliteration follows ex. 2. None of the exemplars has been published, and Edzard's contention that the inscription parallels Gudea 5 cannot be proved beyond

doubt. Line 9 may in fact have [é] instead of [bàd], which would make the inscription parallel to Gudea 1.

112

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1957 Edzard, Sumer 13 pp. 175 and 179 (study of exs. 1 and 2) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 258-59 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

[dba]-ú [munus-s]a6-ga [dumu-an]-na [nin-iri]-kù-ga [nin-a]-ni [gù-d]é-a [PA.TE].SI[1agaš.K]I-ke« tbàd(?)-iri-kù]-rga1-[ka]-fni1 [mu-na]-ídùl

1-5) For Bau, the beautiful [woman], [daughter] of [An], [the lady] of the Shining [City], his [lady],

6 - 8 ) Gudea, ruler of [Lagas],

9-10) built her [Wa11(?)] of the Shining [City].

7 Fragmentary Gudea inscription concerning Bau. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 88.

COMMENTARY AO 26635+26670, fragments of a limestone stele, joined by K. Yolk.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 248-49 (edition)

TEXT Col. i 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

[%a-ú] [munus-s]a6-ga [dumu-an]-na [nin-iri-kù]-ga [nin-a-n]i [gù-d]é-rai [PA.TE.S]L [1aga]š.KI

i 1-5) For [Bau], the beautiful [woman], [daughter] of [An], the [lady] of the Shining [City], his [lady],

i 6 - 8 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

113 Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

ii [...] ré1-[ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUSEN-bar6]d [nin-gir-su-ka] m[u-dù-a] Ixx1[...] mu-[...] "b[a-ú] (broken)

ii 2-A) ... [had built Ningirsu's] Eninnu, the White Thunderbird ...

8 Gudea builds Dumuzi-abzu's Girsu temple. From Girsu, Ur, and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 10.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2-30

Museum number NBC 6066 —

Publication reference YOS 9 no. 14 See Steible pp. 263-64

Object Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preserved M —


COMMENTARY Ex. 1, length: 14 cm, diameter at base: 6.7 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 Stephens, YOS 9 p. 7 (study), no. 14 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 263-64 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d dumu-zi-abzu nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-5) For Dumuzi-abzu, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

6-7) built her House of Girsu.

114

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

9 Gudea builds Enki's temple "Bank of the Tigris." From Ur (surface find in Royal Cemetery); = Steible Gudea 11.

COMMENTARY IM 92969 (U. 10107), clay cone.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1965 Sollberger, UET S no. 17 (copy) 1966 Falkenstein, BiOr 23 p. 165-66 (study)

1969 Römer, BiOr 26 p. 167 n. 119:11 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 264-65 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

en-[ki] 1uga1-abz[u] lugal-da-ri-gi16-[sa] lugal-a-[ni] gù-dé-[a] éns[i]1agaš.KI-ke4 é-gú-ÍD.idi[gina]-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-4) For Enki, lord of the Abzu, the everlasting cherished(?) lord, [his] lord,


8 - 9 ) built his house "Bank of the Tigris."

10 Gudea dedicates a dolerite base to Enlil. From Nippur; = Steible Gudea 12.

COMMENTARY EÇEM 5213, dolerite base. The object has been alternatively described as a "dolerite vase" (Hilprecht, p. 296), a "black stone vase" (Legrain, p. 48), and a

"Schiffssockel" (Jeremias, p. 12). The actual function of the object is unknown.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1903 Hilprecht, Explorations in Bible Lands p. 296 (study) 1916 linger, Publikationen der Kaiserlich Osmanischen Museen, Konstantinopel I pl. 2 (photo) 1926 Legrain, PB S 15 p. 48 (edition), no. 83 (copy)

1929 Jeremias, Handbuch der altorientalischen Geisteskultur p. 12 fig. 18 (photo) 1939 Salonen, Wasserfahrzeuge pl. X (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 265-66 (edition)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

115

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)

d

1-2) To Enlil, master of the gods,

en-lil lugal-digir-re-ne-ra èš-nibru,KI dur-an-ki-šè gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI má-gídé-kur-ra-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

3-4) (destined) for the Nippur sanctuary, Bond of Heaven and Earth, 5-9) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who tows the boat of Ekur,

10-11) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

11 Gudea builds Gatumdu's temple in Iriku. From Girsu, Lagas, and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 15.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2-5 6 7-47

Museum number


VA 73

VAS 1 no. 16 See Steible p. 267 Orientalia NS 1 p. 86 See Steible p. 267-68

—

Ashm. 1929-777

Object Brick Bricks Clay conc


1-9 —

Type of inscription Building Building Building Building

COMMENTARY Ex. 1 measures 14.5x13.5 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1932 Driver, Orientalia NS 1 p. 86 (copy, edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 267-68 (edition)

1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 no. 16 (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK p. 140-41 q (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

gá-tùm-duj0 ama-1agaš.KI nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI ur-dgá-tùm-du,0-ke4 é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-3) For Gatumdu, the mother of Lagas, his lady,

4-7) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, the man of Gatumdu,


116

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

lia Gudea builds Gatumdu's temple in Iriku. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 13.

COMMENTARY AO 69, fragment of a limestone lion; 25x28 cm. According to line 9, "it is of the door," the lion is

supposed to have served as an apotropaic animal. For line 9 cf. Gudea 52 ii 7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 24 nos. 1-2 (photos, only lines 1-5 visible) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 146-47 i' (edition)

1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 195-96 (study), p. 197 figs. 1 and m (drawing) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 221 n. 193 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 266 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

gá-tùm-dui0 ama-1agaš.KI nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù G1Š.ig-ka[m]

1-3) For Gatumdu, mother of Lagas, his lady,


7-8) built her House of the Shining City. 9) (The lion) is (part) of the door.

12 Gudea builds Gatumdu's temple in Iriku. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 15a.

COMMENTARY TG 460, square brick. The inscription is identical with Gudea 11 except for the omission of line 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 269 (edition), 2 pl. VII (photo)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.12

TEXT 1)

2) 3) 4)

d

5) 6) 7) 8)

gá-tùm-du10 nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi-

1agaš.KI ur-dgá-tùm-duI0-ke4 é-iri-kù-ga-ka-ni mu-na-dù! (NI)

For translation see Gudea Text 11.

13 Building inscription for Gatumdu's temple in Girsu; authorship of Gudea not beyond doubt. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 14.

COMMENTARY AO 12772 (TG 3751), limestone tablet. Transliteration according to Steible.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 135 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 267 (edition)

TEXT Obverse 1) [dgá]-tùm-du1010 2) [ama-1a]gaš.KI(?) (rest is unreadable) Reverse I') ama-tu-[d]a-ni 2') é-gí[r-su.KI]-ka-ni 3 ) mu-na-dù

1-2) For Gatumdu, [the mother] of Lagas,

rev. V) his mother who bore him, rev. 2 - 3 ' ) he built her House of Girsu.

Gudea builds Hendursanga's temple. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 17.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

118

COMMENTARY VA 2339, alabaster tablet; 10.2x6.4 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 no. 13 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 270 (edition)

TEXT 1)

2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

fdlhendur-sag lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1ag[a]Š.rKH-ke, é-a-lnil mu-na-dù

1-2) For tJendursaga, his master, 3-5) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš,

6 - 7 ) built his house.

15 Beginning of an inscription addressed to $endursanga. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 18.

COMMENTARY A O 20152, front part of steatite figurine of a humanheaded bull; height 11.3 cm, length 7 cm. Inscription on right side of body. Lines 1 - 4 are identical with Gudea

14 lines 1 - 4 . It is very probable, as s u g g e s t e d by Steible, that it is a votive inscription (type 1).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1952 Parrot, RA 46 p. 203 (photo) 1954 Parrot, Syria 31 pl. IV no. 1 (photo with reconstructed hind part)

1978 Huot, Sumer 34 p. 108 fig. 4c (photo of piece in context with similar figurines) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 270-71 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2)

d

fcendur-sag lugal-a-ni

3) 4)

gù-dé-a énsi(broken)

Gudea

E3/1.1.7.10

119

16 Gudea builds the E-mehušgai-anki for Ig-alim. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible 39.

CATALOGUE Museum number


AO 468 MNB 1362

Unpubl. See Steible pp. 271-72 Unpubl.

38

AO 312

Unpubl.

39 40-43

NYPLX-1

Unpubl. See Steible p. 271

Ex. 1 2-36 37

—

Object Clay cone

__

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1-9


—

Bronze peg with kneeling god Bronze peg with kneeling god Stone tablet Stone tablets

1-9 ] 3-5 [ 1 7-9 —


COMMENTARY M e a s u r e m e n t s o f ex. 37: H e i g h t 2 0 . 2 cm, width at shoulders 3.7 c m , length of p e g 12.4 cm; of ex. 39: 1 0 . 5 x 6 . 2 x 1 . 6 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1983 Rashid, Gründungsfiguren p. 21 nos. 92 and 94 (study), pl. 15 nos. 92 and 94 (drawings of exs. 38 and 37) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 271-72 (edition)

1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 142-43 x (edition of ex. 1) 1940 Schwarz, Bulletin of the New York Public Library 44 p. 807 no. 11 (study of ex. 39)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

1-4) For Ig-alim, the beloved son of Ningirsu, his master,

ig-aiim dumu-ki-ágd nin-gír-su-ka lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-me-hus-gal~an-ki-ka-ni mu-na-dù

5-7) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, 8-9) built his House (possessing) the great awesome powers of heaven and earth.

17 Gudea dedicates maceheads to Ig-alim. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 20.

120

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1

AO 130

2

BM 22468

de Sarzec U pi. 26 no. 2 CT 33 pl. 50

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Macehead

1-9

Votive 1 Votive 1

Macehead

COMMENTARY E x . 1 is o f reddish granite; its h e i g h t is 12 c m . A f t e r l i n e 9, o n e m o r e c a s e h a s b e e n e n g r a v e d but l e f t uninscribed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 2 6 no. 2 (photo of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144-45f (edition of ex. 1) 1912 King, CT 33 pl. 50 (copy)

1948 Parrot, Tello p. 198 and fig. 42j (study and drawing of ex. 1) 1968 Solyman, Götterwaffen pl. XXXI no. 217 (photo of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 272-73 (edition)

TEXT 1)

2) 3) 4) 5)

6)

7)

8) 9)

d

ig-alim dumu-ki-ágd nin-gír-su-ka lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

1-4) To Ig-alim, the beloved son of Ningirsu, his master,



18 Gudea builds Inanna's temple in Girsu. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 23.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1 2

Ashm. 1961-260 BM 90288

MVN 10 no. 14 CT 21 pl. 37

Brick Brick

1-9 IS

Building Building

COMMENTARY Exs. 1 and 2 e a c h m e a s u r e 3 1 * 3 0 . 5 x 7 . 5 c m .

121

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1905 King, CT 21 pl. 37 (copy of ex. 2) 1981 Grégoire, MVN 10 no. 14 (copy of ex. 1)

1981 Walker, CBI p. 21 no. 9 (transliteration of ex. 2) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 274-75 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

inanna nin-kur-kur-ra nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI ur-rd1gá-tùm-du10-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-3) For Inanna, the lady of all the countries, his lady, 4-7) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, the man of Gatumdu,


19 Gudea builds Inanna's temple in Girsu. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 26.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1 2

AO 21026d AO 21026b

See Aynard See Aynard

Object Clay cone Clay cone

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1-8 1-8

Building Building

COMMENTARY Identical with Gudea 18 except for the omission of line 7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1960 Aynard, RA 54 p. 15 (study of exs. 1 and 2 and partial transliteration of ex. 2) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 276-77 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

inanna nin-kur-kur-ra [n]in-a-ni [g]ù-dé-a

For translation see Gudea 18 without line 7.

5) 6) 7) 8)

[é]nsi[1]agaš.KI-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

122

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

20 Gudea builds Inanna's Eanna in Girsu. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 25.

CATALOGUE Ex.

Museum number


1 2-9

E§EM 13522 —

See Kraus See Steible p. 276

Object

Lines preserved

Clay cone Clay cones

—

1-8


COMMENTARY M e a s u r e m e n t s of e x . 1: 1 5 . 1 x 6 . 2 c m (without tip).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1947 Kraus, Tonnaegel p. I l l no. 13 (transliteration of ex. 1)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d

inanna nin-kur-kur-ra nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI ur-dgá-tùm-du,0-ke4 é-an-na-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-3) For Inanna, lady of all countries, his lady,

4—7) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, the man of Gatumdu,

8-9) built her Eanna of Girsu.

21 Gudea builds Inanna's Eanna in Girsu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible 24.

123

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number

MNB 1374


Objcct

de Sarzec II pi. 28 no. 5

Bronze peg with lying bull on top Limestone tablet Clay conc

MNB 1375 3 4-10 11

ĪM 22852 TG 3753

Lines preserved

See Edzard Sec Steible p. 275 See de Genouillac

Brick



COMMENTARY The inscription is identical with Gudea 20 except for the omission of line 7. Height of ex. 1: 22 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 28 no. 5 (photo of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144-45z (edition of ex. 2) 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 136 Gudea 6 ° (mentions ex. 11)

1957 Edzard, Sumer 13 p. 174 (mentions ex. 3) 1983 Rashid, Gründungsfiguren pl. 20 no. 116 (drawing of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 275-76 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

inanna nin-kur-kur-ra nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-an-na-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-3) For Inanna, lady of all countries, his lady,


7-8) built her Eanna of Girsu.

22 Gudea builds Inanna's temple. From Girsu; = Steible 91.

COMMENTARY Brick in private possession.

124

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1981 Farber, RA 75 pp. 94-95 (transliteration) 1986 Farber, RA 80 p. 188 (correction)


TEXT

1)

2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

B)

[dinanna] [nin-kur~ku]r-r[a] nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI é-a-ni mu-na-dù

1-3) For [Inanna, lady of all] countries, his lady,

4—6) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

7-8) built her House.

23 Gudea dedicates an alabaster vessel to Inanna. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 27.

COMMENTARY A O 2 6 6 3 8 , bottom fragment of an alabaster v e s s e l ; inscription type 1.

1 0 x 6 . 5 x 2 cm.

Votive

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 277-78 (edition), 2 pi. Ill (photo)

TEXT i) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

[dinanna] nin-kur-[kur-ra] nin-a-[ni] gù-d[é-a] PA.TE.S[I]1aga[š.KI-keJ nam-t[i-1a-ni-šè] a m[u-na-ru]

1-3) To Inanna, lady of all countries, his lady,



Gudea E3/1.1.7.24

24 Gudea builds the temple of Meslamta-ea in Girsu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 28.

CATALOGUE Excavation number


1

Museum number AO?

—

2 3-33

AO 11933bis

TG 997

—

—

See ThureauDangin FT II pl. XLVII See Steible p. 278

Ex.

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Brick

1-7

Building


1-7 —

Building Building

COMMENTARY The copy of ex 2 is a composite copy of AO 11933bis and of duplicates (see Steible p. 278).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin» S AK p. 140 p (edition of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 278-79 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d

mes-lam-t[a]-è-[a] lugal-a-n[i] gù-dé-[a] PA.TE.S[I]lagas.K[I-ke4] é-gír-s[u.KI]-ka-n[i] mu-na-[dù]

1-2) For Meslamtaea, his master, 3-5) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, 6-7) built his House of Girsu.

25 Gudea rebuilds Name's Sirara House. From Girsu and (modern) Zurghul; = Steible Gudea 30.

126

Gudea E3/1.1.7.25 CATALOGUE

Ex.

Lines preserved

Museum number


Object

VA 66 BM 90798

See Messerschmidt See Walker

Stamped brick Stamped brick

BM 135994

Syria 52 p. 177 figs, a-b

Limestone tablet

BM 135993

Syria 52 pl. IX

Bronze peg with calf standing among reeds

i 18 ii 1-5 Obv. 1-8 Rev. 1-5

Type of inscription Building Building Building Building

1-12

COMMENTARY Ex. 3 measures

9 . 8 x 7 . 4 x ( a t g r e a t e s t ) 3 3 . 3 cm. Ex. 4: total height length 9.8 cm. Ex. 3 h a s -ni-a for -ni in line 11. Ex. 4 omits line 13.

19.6 cm, peg

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 p. 9, note to no. 17 (ex. 1) 1975 Sollberger, Syria 52 pp. 177-78 (study of ex. 3), p. 177 (photo of ex. 3, inscription on tablet) 1975 Sollberger, Syria 52 pp. 178-79 (study of ex. 4), pl. IX (photo of ex. 4 )

1981 Walker, CBI pp. 20-21 no. 8 (transliteration of ex. 2) 1983 Rashid, Gründungsfiguren pl. 20 no. 118 (drawing of ex.

4) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 281-82 (edition)

TEXT Obverse 1) dnanše 2) nin-urulfi nin-in-dub-ba 3) nin-a-ni 4) gù-dé-a 5) 6) énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 7) níg-du?-e pa mu-na-è 8) Reverse 9) nigin(NINA).KI iri-ki-ág-gá-ni-a 10) é-UD.MÁ.NINA.KI.TAG 11) kur é-ta í1-1a-ni 12) mu-na-dù 13) ki-bi mu-na-gi4

1 - 4 ) For N a n š e , boundary, his lady,

powerful

lady,

lady

of

the


8) made things function as they should rev. 9-13) (and) in Nigin, her beloved city, he built and restored for her her Sirara-House, the mountain rising above the (other) houses.

26 Gudea builds Nan se's Sirara House. From Girsu, (modem) Zurghul and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 29. 2 5 . 1 1 Or "above the waters" if é stands for a (e 4 ). Cf. note on Gudea StI iii 2.

Gudea

E3/1.1.7.10

127

CATALOGUE Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Clay cone

i 1-8 ii Ì ^

Building

See Steible pp. 279-80 See BibMes 3 p. 12 (before no. 63) de Sarzec II pi. 37 no. 5

Clay cones Clay cones

—

Building Building

Brick

i 1—7 ii 1—5

See Steible p. 279 See Hommel See BibMes 3 p. 12 (before no. 63)

Bricks Stamped brick Stamped bricks

Ex.

Museum number


Object

1

VA 2332

VAS 1 no. 17

2-36 37-48

_ —

49

AO?

50-58 59 60-63

Hechler no. 3 —

—

—

_


COMMENTARY The inscription is identical with Gudea 25 except for the omission of the last line.

BIB

Exs. 37-48 and 60-63 have been listed with Gudea 35 in Steible Gudea 39; see commentary on Gudea 35.

RAPHY

1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 37 no. 3 (photo of ex. 49) 1888 Hommel, Verhandlungen des VII. internationalen Orientalisten-Congresses, Wien pp. 254-55 (transliteration of ex. 59)

1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 no. 17 (copy of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 1 4 2 ^ 3 v (edition of ex. 49) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 279-81 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1)

2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Q

nanse nin-uru16 nin-in-dub-ba nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4

ii níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è nina.KI iri-ki-ág-gá-ni-a é-UD.MÁ.NINA.KI.TAG kur é-ta il-Ia-ni mu-na-dù


27 Gudea rebuilds Nanse's Sirara House and erects(?) a wall. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 31.

128

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

COMMENTARY BM 90849, door socket Line 15 has not been restored. The last sign V is not TGIJ; a repetition of ki-bi mu-na-

gi4 (note that line 13 has gi,) would, moreover, be extremely improbable from the viewpoint of style.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1905 King, CT 21 pl. 38 (copy) 1910 King, Early History pi. opposite p. 274 (photo)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 14) 15)

d

nanše ! (ABxA) nin-uru,6 nin-in-dub-ba nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4

8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

[b]àd-mah-ni [ki]-bi mu-na-Iniginl

14-15) (and) he surrounded this [place] a lofty wall.

níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è nigin X (NINA).KI iri-ki-ág-ni é-UD.MÁ.NINA.KI.TAG kur é-ta fl-1a-ni mu-na-dù ki-bi mu-na-git

For translation of lines I—13 see Gudea 25.

28 Gudea builds Nanse's temple. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 32.

COMMENTARY Collection Chandon de Briailles, clay cone; length 6.3 cm, largest diameter 1.9 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1953 Lambert, RA 47 p. 83 fig. 2 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 283-84 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3)

d

nanše nin-uru,6 nin-a-n[i]

1 - 3 ) For Nanse, the powerful lady, his lady,

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

lgù-dé-al énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-a-ni mu-na-dù

129


7-8) built her House.

29 Gudea builds Nanse's temple E-angur of the city of Sulum. From Ur and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 33.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number


Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1 2 3

IM 92966 IM 92967 VA 10578

U. 10143 U. 14168 —

UET 8 no. 16A UET 8 no. 16B See Marzahn

Clay cone Clay cone Clay cone

Î5 — 1-9


COMMENTARY M e a s u r e m e n t s of ex. 3: length 6 . 3 c m , d i a m e t e r of h e a d 5.7 cm. S e e Edzard, Rép. Géogr. 1 p. 147 for r e f e r e n c e s to

Sulum, the " D a t e - C i t y , " and s e e S t e i b l e ' s c o m m e n t s o n s p e l l i n g s of engur.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1965 Sollberger, UET 8 p. 4 no. 16, pl. Ill no. 16 (composite copy of cxs. 1 and 2) 1966 Falkenstein, BiOr 23 p. 165 on no. 16 (study)

1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 p. 27 no. 6 (study), pl. II no. 3 (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 284-85 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

^nanšel nin-uru16 nin-in-dub-ba nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi[1]agaš.KI-ke4 rél-anangur(ENGUR)-sun-lum.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-4) For Nanše, the powerful lady, the lady of the boundary, his lady,


8-9) built her House of the Deep Waters of "Date (City)."

130

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

30 Gudea builds Ninazu's temple in Girsu. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 92.

COMMENTARY

FLP 2641. clay cone.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXT

1 - 2 ) For Nin-azu, his (personal) god, 3 - 5 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, 6 - 7 ) built his House of Girsu.

31 ! of Nin-dara in Girsu. From 36 and 38.

CATALOGUE

Uruk, and of

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

131

COMMENTARY Steible's two edition nos. have been united under one, the inscriptions being identical in text. Measurements of exs. 1 and 2: 31x31 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 37 no. 4 (photo of ex. 2) 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 no. 21 (copy of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 140-41o (edition)

1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 p. 27 (edition of VA 15446), pl. II no. 3 (photo of ex. 8) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 287-89 and 290 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

mn-dar-a lugal-uru16 lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsilagas.KI-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-3) For Nin-dara, the powerful master, his master,

4-6) Gudea, ruler of Lagas

7-8) built his House of Girsu

32 Gudea builds for Nin-dara the E-lal-tum of Ki-essa. From Ur; - Steible Gudea 37.

COMMENTARY B M 1 1 9 0 1 2 ( U . 3 2 4 4 ) , steatite ("soapstone") tablet; 8 . 3 x 6 . 6 cm. For the reading é-làl-tùm s e e M. Civil, Studies Sjöberg p. 51.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1928 Gadd, UET 1 p. 6 (edition), no. 28 (copy), pl. E (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 289 (edition)

TEXT Obverse d 1) nin-dar-a 2) lugal-uru16 3) lugal-a-ni

1-3) For Nin-dara, the powerful master, his master,

132

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI-ke4 7) é-ki-ág-gá-ni 8) é-làl-tùm Reverse 9) ki-ès-sá.KI-ka-ni 10) mu-na-dù


7-rev. 10) built his beloved House, the "House producing date syrup" of Ki-essa.

33 Gudea dedicates maceheads to Nin-dara. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 34.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1

AO 262

de Sarzec II pi. 26 bis no. 3

2

AO 26663

See Steible

Object Macehead of dark marble Macehead of dark marble

Lines preserved 1-11

Type of inscription Votive 1

] 7-11

Votive 1

COMMENTARY Steible suggests that his Gudea 97 (here = Gudea 78) is a parallel inscription. However, Gudea 78 lines l'-4'

are not entirely identical with Gudea 33 lines 8-11, because 33:9 in-dù-a contrasts with 78:2' mu-dù-[a].

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 2 6 b i s no. 3 (photo of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144-45g' (edition) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 197 fig. 42f (drawing of ex. 1)

1968 Solyman, Götterwaffen pl. XXVIII no. 214 (photo of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 285-86 (edition), 2 pl. Ill (photo of ex. 2)

TEXT i) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) ID

d

nin-dar-a lugal-uru,6 lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsilagaš.KI lu é-UD.MÁ.NIN A. KI.T AG é-dnanše in-dù-a nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

1-3) To Nin-dara, the powerful master, his master,

4 - 6 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

7-9) who had built the E-Sirara, Nanse's House,


Gudea

E3/1.1.7.10

133

34 Gudea dedicates a macehead and a bowl to Nin-dara. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 35.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number YBC 2249

Publication reference See Stephens

YBC 2332

YOS 9 pl. XLIV no. 106

Object Macehead of dark grey diorite Bowl; see commentary

Lines preserved 1-8


1-8

Votive 1

COMMENTARY Measurements of ex. 1: height 14.4 cm, greatest

The inscription is identical with Gudea 33 except for the omission of Gudea 33 lines 7 - 9 . Thureau-Dangin's edition in SAK refers to an unpublished m a c e h e a d in the Louvre.

diameter 19 cm, diameter of hole 4.2 cm. Measurements of ex. 2: height 6.1 cm, diameter of outer rim 13.6 cm, diameter of bottom 4 cm. Stephens describes the material of ex. 2 as "curious limestone of fine texture. The colors are mottled red and yellow."

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK 144—45g' (edition) 1937 Stephens, YOS 9 pp. 24-25 nos. 102 and 106 (study), pi.

XLIV no. 106 (photo of ex. 2, inscription only partly legible) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 286-87 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

nin-dar-a lugal-urul6 lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-sè a mu-na-ru

1-3) To Nin-dara, the powerful master, his master,


7 - 8 ) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

35 Gudea builds Nin-duba's temple. From Uruk, (modern) Zurghul, and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 39.

134

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2 3-5

Museum number NBC 6059 — —

Publication reference YOS 9 no. 12 BibMes 3 p. 13 See Steible p. 291

Object Clay cone Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preserved K7 1-7

Type of inscription Building Building Building

COMMENTARY ( N S B W 1 p. 2 9 1 ) , are duplicates of Thureau-Dangin's "Backstein H" (SAK pp. 1 4 2 - 4 3 v = Gudea 26); s e e

Reading of - D U B in line 1 is beyond any doubt; s e e Steible's discussion on p. 292. Line 5: ke 4 missing in ex. 2. The " 1 2 Exemplare" which Steible quotes as clay cones ( N S B W 1 p. 290), as well as the 4 stamped bricks

Biggs, BibMes 3 p. 12.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 142-43w (edition) 1937 Stephens, YOS 9 no. 12 (copy of ex. 1), pl. XXXVII (photo of ex. 1 )

1976 Biggs, BibMes 3 pp. 12-13 (edition of ex. 2) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 290-92 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d

nin-dub [lu]gal-a-ni gù-dé-a [é]nsi [1]agaš.KI ke4 lel-a-ni mu-na-du

1-2) For Nin-duba, his master, 3-5) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,


36 Gudea dedicates a stone vase to Nin-egala. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 40.

COMMENTARY A O 196. Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK Ì4A-A5c' (edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 293-94 (edition)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

135

TEXT d

nin-é-gal nin-gidri nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè [a mu-na-ru]

1-3) To Nin-egala, the lady of the sceptre, his lady,


7-8) [dedicated] (this object) for his (own) life.

37 Gudea restores Ningirsu's Eninnu. It is the Gudea inscription of highest frequency and occurs on five different types of objects. From Girsu, Adab(?), (modern) Mada'in, and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 48.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


Object

I

AO?

de Sarzec II pi. 37 no. 7 See Steible pp. 304-305 VAS 1 no. 14

2-10

—

11

VA 60

12-33 34

35 36

Birmingham City Museum 589*65 E.A.Hoffmann Coll, 115 AO 26640

37 38-41

—

42 43-1171

—

AO 103

VA 3118

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Stamped brick

Ì1-6 ii 1-4

Building

Stamped bricks Brick

—

Building

i 1-8 ü 1—2

Building

See Steible pp. 304-305 See George

Bricks Limestone block

—

Building

See Radau

Diorite tablet Stone tablet Door socket Door sockets Clay cone Clay cones

—

Building

—

Building

—

Building Building

See Steible p. 305 See Parrot Sec Steible p. 309 VAS 1 no. 14 See Steible pp. 305-309

—

,—

Building Building

COMMENTARY Measurements of ex. 11: 31.5x31.5 cm. For minor textual variants in Gudea 37 see Steible.

136

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 1948 1979 1991

1884—1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 37 no. 7 (photo of ex. 1) 1900 Radau, Early Babylonian History (New York) p. 195 (transliteration of ex. 35) 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 p. VI (study of exs. 11, 42, and many other objects with same inscription), no. 14 (copy of ex. 11 and 42)

Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 142-43t (edition) Parrot, Tello p. 201 (study of exs. 37-41) George, Iraq 41 p. 122 II.A.22 (study of ex. 34) Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 304-311 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

i d

nin-gír-su ur-sag-kal-gaWi14á-ra gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 ii níg-duV-e pa mu-na-è é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni mu-na-dù ki-bi mu-na-gi4


i 4-6) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

ii 1-4) made things function as they should (and) he built and restored for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird.

38 Gudea restores Ningirsu's Eninnu. Provenance unknown. = Steible Gudea 49a.

COMMENTARY BM 87235, clay cone.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 312 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

i d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1á-ra gù-dé-a énsi-

For translation see Gudea 37 without line ii 1.

6) 7) Col. 1) 2)

1agaš.KI é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni ii mu~na~dù! (NI) ki-bi mu-na-gi4

137

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

39 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 49.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1 2

AO 22121

See Mercer See Steible p. 311

Object Unknown Brick fragment

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1-8 1 5-8

Building Building

COMMENTARY The attribution of ex. 2 is arbitrary; identification with Gudea 42 is equally possible.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1928 Mercer, JSOR 12 p. 149 no. 34 (copy; object not indicated) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 311-12 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1íMá-ra gù-dé-a

5) 6) 7) 8)

énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6 ra m mu-na-dü

For translation see Gudea 37 without lines ii 1 and 4.

40 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 50.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1 2

BM 88313

See Mercer Unpubl.

Clay cone(?) Clay cone

1-10(!) 1-9

Building Building

138

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

COMMENTARY Mercer's copy and transliteration of ex. 1 have line 8 split into two, with MUŠEN at the beginning of a new

line; we most certainly are dealing with two lines within one single case.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1926 Mercer, JSOR 10 p. 284 no. 4 (transliteration), folding plate opposite p. 286 no. 4 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 312-13 (edition)

TEXT d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-lil-la-ra gù-dé-a énsi-

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

6) 7) 8) 9)

1agaš.KI-ke4 níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è é-ninnu-AN .IM.MLMUSEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni mu-na-dù

For translation see Gudea 37 without line ii 4.

41 Gudea restores Ningirsu's Eninnu. The inscription is second in frequency to Gudea 37. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 51.

CATALOGUE Ex.

Museum number


1

AO 109

2-9

—

10

AO 257a

11-20

—

21

DM 6954

de Sarzec [I pi. 27 no. 3 See Steible p. 317 de Sarzec II pi. 29 no. 2 See Steible pp. 314-15 See Rashid

22-43

—

44-45

—

46

MMA 86.11.252

47-357

—

See Steible pp. 313-14 See Steible pp. 313-14 Spar, Met. Mus. 1 no. Ill See Steible pp. 315-16

Object Door sockct

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1-11

Building Building

Door sockets Diorite tablet Stone tablets Bronze peg with kneeling god Bronze pegs with kneeling god Identification uncertain Clay cone Clay cones

Obv. 1-8 Rev. 9-11

Building

—

Building

—

Building

—

Building

—

—

1-11

Building

—

Building

139

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

COMMENTARY Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex.

See Steible pp. 317-18 for minor variants in individual exs. The inscription is identical with Gudea 37 except for the additional line 4. Ex. 1: length 60 cm.

10: length 9.2 cm, width 6.6 cm. 21: height 22.5 cm, 46: length 9.8 cm, head diameter 8.3 cm. 46 line 10: mu-na-l AŠ1-dù

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1988 Sigrist in Spar, Met. Mus. 1 p. 155 no. I l l (transliteration of ex. 46), pl. 117 no. I l l (copy of ex. 46) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 313-18 (edition)

1884-1912 dc Sarzec Découvertes II pl. 27 no. 3 (photo of ex. 1), pi. 29 no. 2 (photo of ex.10) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 142-43t (edition) 1-983 Rashid, Gründungsfiguren p. 21 no. 88 (study), pi. 14 no. 88 (drawing)

TEXT Obverse d 1) nin-gir-su 2) ur-sag-kal-gad 3) en-M-1á 4) lugal-a-ni 5) gù-dé-a 6) énsi7) 1agaš.KI-ke4 8) níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è Reverse 1) é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni 2) mu-na-dù 3) ki-bi mu-na-gi4

1 - 4 ) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,


8-rev. 3) made things function as they should (and) he built and restored for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird.

42 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu. From Girsu, Ur, and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 52.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

1

AO?

2 3-8

—

9

BM 102613

—

10

BM 96566

—

11

—

U. 18838

Excavation number

VA 59 —

Publication reference de Sarzec II pi. 37 no. 6 VAS I no. 19 See Steible p. 318 See van Buren See Steible p. 318 (attribution uncertain) See Sollberger

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Brick

1-9

Building

Brick Bricks

1-9

Building

—

Bronze peg with kneeling god Bronze peg with kneeling god Clay cone

—

Building

—

Building

—

Building

140

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

COMMENTARY Ex. 10 (BM 96566) may also represent Gudea 41.

The inscription is identical with Gudea 41 except for the omission of lines 8 and 11.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1965 Sollberger, UET 8 p. 35 no. 45 (study of ex. 11) 1983 Rashid, Gründungsfiguren p. 22 nos. 102-103 (study of exs. 9 - 1 0 ) , pi. 17 nos. 102-103 (drawings of exs. 9 - 1 0 ) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 318-19 (edition)

1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 p. VI no. 19 (study), no. 19 (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 142^t3s (edition) 1931 van Buren, Foundation Figurines pl. VII fig. 12 (photo of ex. 9)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

d

nin-gir~su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1fl-1á lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a

6) 7) 8) 9)

énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-ninnu-AN.IM. MI. MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni mu-na-dù

For translation see Gudea 41 without lines 8 and 1

43 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 53.

CATALOGUE Ex. 1 2-5

Museum number Private

Publication reference See Parrot See Steible p. 319

Object Brick Bricks



COMMENTARY The inscription is identical with Gudea 41 except for the omission of line 11.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1961 Parrot, The Art of Assyria p. 220 fig. 272 (photo of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 319 (edition)

141

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

TEXT 1) 2)

d

3)

d

4) 5) 6)

1uga1-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi-

nin-gír-su ur-sag-kal-ga-

7) 8) 9) 10)

en-1í1-1á

lagas.KI-ke4 nig-du7-e pa mu-na-è é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni mu-na-dù


44 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu and a cedar hall within it. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 47.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1 2

BM 96945 AO 26671

3-6

—

CT 21 pl. 35 de Sarzec II pl. 38 bottom centre See Steible p. 303

Object Circular brick Circular brick Circular and partly rounded bricks



—

Building

COMMENTARY The bricks formed part of four pillars, for which see de Sarzec, Découvertes II pis. 52 nos. 1-2 and 53 no. 2. The diameter of ex. 2 is 23.6 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 38 bottom centre (photo of ex. 2) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 142-43u (edition)

1982 André-Leicknam, Naissance de récriture p. 94 no. 56 (photo of ex. 2) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 302-303 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1fl-1á lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4

1 - 4 ) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his masters,


142

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a 8-9) built his House, the White Thunderbird.

8) é-AN.IM.MLMUŠEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni 9) mu-na-dù 10) šà-ba a-ga-eren 11 ) ki-di-ku5-a-ni 12) mu-na-ni-dù

10-12) There he installed for him a ... with cedar (ceiling), (Ningirsu's) place where he gives judgment.

45 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu and his gigurt within it. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 57.

COMMENTARY Stone threshold ("marche" in Cros, Tello); no museum number given. Inscription on edge.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1910 Cros, Tello p. 280 (drawing) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 323 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsilagas.Kl-ke* rnigl-du7-e pa mu-na-è é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠEN-bar6-bar6-[r]a-ni mu-na-dù šà-ba gi-gun4ki-ág-[(gá-)ni] ši[m-eren-na] [mu-na-ni-dù]

44.10 For a-ga, see note on Gudea Cyl. A xxiv 4.

1-4) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,


8-10) made things function as they should (and) he built for him his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird. 11-14) Therein [he installed for him his] beloved grove (?), (in) the scent [of cedar].

Gudea E3/1.1.7.24

46 Gudea builds Ningirsu's EPA. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 45.

COMMENTARY AO 26686» brick. For é-PA ... see commentary on Gudea 4.


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-hĪ-1á-ra gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 lu é-ninnud nin-gír-su-ka in-dù-a é-PA é-ub-imin-a-ni mu-na-dù



7-9) who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

10-11) built his

the "heptagon."

47 Gudea builds Ningirsu's E-PA. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 45a.

COMMENTARY Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, A 1951/6.2, stone tablet. For é-PA ... see commentary on Gudea 4.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1975 Römer, Oudheidkundige mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden 56 p. 3 no. 3 (study), pl. I nos. 3^4- (photos)


Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

144

TEXT Obverse 1) dnin-gír-su 2) ur-sag-kal-ga3) den-1fl-1á-ra 4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI-ke4 Reverse 7) níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è 8) é-PA é-ub-imin-a-ni 9) mu-na-dù



rev. 7-9) made things function as they should (and) he built for him his the "heptagon."

48 Gudea builds Ningirsu's E-PA. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; Steible Gudea 46.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2 3 4

Museum number

Excavation number

105108

—

—

TG 458 TG 4153

—

Hermitage 14409

5-66

__

Publication reference See BM Guide

—

See de Genouillac See de Genouillac See Shileiko

Object Limestone door socket Brick Brick Clay cone

—

See Steible p. 301

Clay cones



—


—

Building

—

C O M M E N T A R Y Variant l u g a l - É for l u g a l - a - n i in A O 2 1 0 0 1 ( s e e S t e i b l e p. 3 0 2 ) m a y b e interpreted a s a p h o n e t i c variant [lugal-

a y j for [ l u g a l - a N i ] , For é - P A ... s e e c o m m e n t a r y G u d e a 4.

on

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK p. I42y (edition) 1915 Shileiko, VN pp. 16-17 no. VII 3 (copy and edition of ex. 4), pl. IV no. 1 (photo of ex. 4)

1922 BM Guide p. 59 no. 22 (study of ex.) 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 136 (study of exs. 2 - 3 ) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 301-302 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á lugal-a-ni

1-4) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,

145

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10 gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI 1ú é-ninnud nin-gír-su-ka in-dù-a é-PA é-ub-imin-a-ni mu-na-dù

5 - 7 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš,


11-12) built his

the "heptagon."

49 Gudea builds Ningirsu's temple of Bagara. From Lagas and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 58.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2-33

Excavation number 3H-T11 —

Publication reference See Crawford See Steible p. 324

Object Brick Bricks

Lines preserved 1-10

_


COMMENTARY Ex. VAS 1 no. 18 (broken at the end) has a clear gára in line 11.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1974 Crawford, Iraq 36 pp. 32-33 fig. 5 (copy and edition of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 324-25 (edition)

TEXT d

nin-lgir~sul ur-sag-kal-fga-1

d

1-5) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, the master of Bagara, his master,

en-Hí11-1á

1uga1-ba-gáralugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-ba-1gára1-ka-ni mu-na-dù


9-10) built his House of Bagara.

146

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

50 Gudea builds Ningirsu's temple of Bagara. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 59.

COMMENTARY Hermitage 8068, tablet of grey and green stone.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1921 Shileiko, Zapiski Vostocnago Otdeleniya Russkago Arkheologiceskago Obscestva 25 p. 139 (copy, edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 325 (edition)

TEXT Obverse 1) dnin-g£r-su 2) ur-sag-kal-ga 3) den-1í1-1á 4) lugal-a-ni 5) gù-dé-a

6) énsi7) 1agaš.KI-ke4 Reverse 8) é-ba-gára-ka-ni 9) mu-na-dù


51 Gudea restores the Kasurra city-gate for Ningirsu. From Girsu and Lagas; = Steible Gudea 56.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

1 2 3-14

Museum number

Excavation number


AO 12733 VA 3061

TG 3959

FT II pl. XXXIX VAS 1 no. 15 See Steible, pp. 321-22

Object Stone slab Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

] 8-13, [14] 1-9 [


COMMENTARY Variant hé-gáI-íi-NI (line 12) in ex. 1 and EÇEM 13535 (see Steible); variant kal-la-ga (line 2) in E§EM 13525 (see Steible).

Ex. 1 measures 9.6x8.2 cm; length of ex. 2 is 8 cm Line 12: literally "which carries abundance/'

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

147

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 p. VI (study), no. 15 (copy) 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 133 (study), pl. XXXIX (copy of ex. 1)


TEXT d 1) nin-gír-su 2) ur-sag-kal-ga3) den-1fl-1á-ra 4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI 7) lu é-ninnud 8) nin-gir-su-ka 9) in-dù-a 10) abu1(KÁ.GAL)-ká-sur-ra 11) igi-u6-di 12 ) 1)é-gá1-fl 13) mu-na-dù 14) ki-bi mu-na-gi4




10-14) built and restored the Kasurra city-gate (with its) marvellous façade, (through which) sumptuous goods are transported.

52 Gudea restores the Kasurra city-gate(?) for Ningirsu. From Uruk; = Steible Gudea 94.

COMMENTARY W 24717, stone lion. Length 42+ cm, height 25.5 cm, width 18 cm. ii 4 has tentatively b e e n restored from

Gudea 51 lines 11-12; but note that there is no space for hé-gá1. For ii 7 cf. Gudea 11a line 9.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1985 Boehmer, Bagh. Mitt. 16 pp. 141^5 (study, with drawings on pp. 142-43)

1985 Kessler, Bagh. Mitt. 16 pp. 149-50 (copy, edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 355-56 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4)

i d

nin-gír-tsu^ ur-sag-kal-gad en-1Í1-1á lugal-a-ni


148

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a

5)

gù-dé-a

6)

énsi-

i 5 - 7 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš,

7) 8) 9) Col. 1) 2) 3)

lagaš.KI lu Té1-[n]innu d nin-gtr-su-ka ii [in-dù-a] [KÁ.GAL] [ká-sur-ra]

4) 5) 6) 7)

[igi]-r Uö !?1 4di] ÍL-ni m[u-na-dù] ki-bi m[u-n]a-g[u] GIS.{x}l"ig-kaml

i 8—ii 1) [who had built] Ningirsu's Eninnu,

ii 2-6) built and restored his(?) ....

ii 7) It (=this lion) is (part) of the door.

53 Inscription of unclear content on an agate cone. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 54.

COMMENTARY A O 22500, agate cone; height 3.7 cm, upper diameter 1.6 cm. The object is no "pendant" ("Anhänger"), as stated by Nougayrol et al., because it lacks any means of suspension. Its function remains unknown. The script

of the original is more e l e g a n t than is shown in NougayroFs copy. But I have not been able, in spite of intensive collation, to identify the first sign of line 5.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1947 Nougayrol, RA 41 pp. 26-27 (copy, edition) 1966 Falkenstein, AnOr 30 p. 173 n. 2 (study)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á-ra bára-gír-nun-na-ke4 r X 1 NIM ? -e [i]n-KU gù-dé-a énsilagas.KI-ke4 mu-na-duM

1 - 1 0 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, said to Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, "The dais of Girnun ..."

149

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

54 Gudea deposits door sockets in Ningirsu's temple of Bagara. From Lagas; = Steible Gudea 61.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Excavation number


Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

1

4H-T2 (4H 7)

JCS 29 p. 202

Door socket

1-9

2

4H-T6 (4H 17)

JCS 29 p. 203

Door socket

1-9

Votive 1, variant Votive 1, variant

COMMENTARY Steible's ex. "C" is, according to him, most probably identical with ex. 1 or 2. Measurements of ex. 1: width 42 cm, length 45.5 cm, thickness 9.97-11.94 cm.

Line 9: The verbal form mu-na-gub, literally "he set (down) for him," is unique in the Gudea corpus.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1977 Crawford, JCS 29 pp. 189-90 (transliteration of ex. 1), pp. 200-201 (photos of ex. 1), pp. 202-203 (copies of exs. 1 and 2)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

d nin-gir-su 1uga1-ba-gára lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè é-ba-gára-ka mu-na-gub

1-3) For Ningirsu, master of Bagara, his master,


7 - 9 ) deposited (this door socket) in the Bagara House for his (own) life.

55 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu and(?) dedicates an object for his own life (see commentary). From Lagas; = Steible Gudea 60.

150

Gudea E3/1.1.7.11a COMMENTARY

AO 26639 a + b, fragments of a stand or a footed bowl of black stone ("pierre noire brûlée," courtesy B. André apud Steible). Measurements: 7 . 5 x 4 . 6 x 2 . 6 cm ( a ) , 9 . 3 x 3 . 3 x 0 . 9 cm (b). Lines 1-3, [4-6] and 11-13 are on fragment a, lines 7 - 9 and [10] on b. Steible's line "10," read by him [mu-

rna-dU3l, corresponds to our line 11. The first visible sign of the line in question is not a fNAl; it looks like the trace of another DÜ. Our restoration is tentative. According to it, the inscription would be a combination of building inscription and votive inscription type 1; cf. Gudea 59.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 325-26 (edition), 2 pl. IV (photos)

TEXT 1) 2) 3)

[dnin-gir]-su [ur]-sag-kal-ga[de]n-1í1-1á

1-4) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, [his master],

4)

[lugal-a-ni]

5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

[gù-dé-a] [énsi][1a]gaš.KI-ke4 níg-du7-e pa mu-na-è rél-ninnu-A[N.IM.MI.MUSEN-bar6-bar6-ra-ni] [muHna-dùl [(...)] Fx x1[(x)] nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

5-7) [Gudea, ruler] of Lagas,

8-10) made things function as they should (and) he built for him his Eninnu, the [White] Thunderbird.

id...

12-13) He dedicated (this object) to him for his (own) life.

56 Gudea dedicates a macehead to Ningirsu. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 44.

COMMENTARY A O 133B, m a c e h e a d of reddish marble with three protruding lion heads. Height 9 cm, diameter 14 cm. The

inscription is an extended version of votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 25 b i s no. 1 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144 -45e' (edition) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 196 with n. 232 (study), fig. 42h (drawing)

1968 Solyman, Götterwaffen pl. XXXI nos. 219-20 (photos) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 298-99 (edition)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

151

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Co1. 1) 2) 3) 4) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

i d

nin-gír-su ur-sag-kal-ïgald en-Qí1-1á1 lugal-a-ni gù-dé-a é[ns]iii 1agaš.KI-ke4 hur-sag-ur-in-gi4-rí-az a-ab-ba-igi-nim-ka NA4.nu„-ga1-e iii mu-ba-al im-ta-en šitaX(GAG+GIŠ)-ur-sag-ešršè mu-na-dím [nam]-ti-1a-ni-šè [a m]u-na-ru

i 1-4) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,

i 5—ii 1) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

ii 2—iii 2) broke (lit. "dug into") alabaster in the mountain of Uringiriaz, near the Upper Sea, and brought it away from there,

iii 3-6) (and) he (used it) to make for him the "Mace-with-a-three-headed-lion" (and) dedicated it to him for his (own) life.

57 Gudea dedicates a stone object (fragment, no longer identifiable) to Ningirsu. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 55.

COMMENTARY TG 3100, stone fragment. Although, according to the copy, no closing line is preserved, it is probable that the inscription, votive type 1, is complete.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 133 (study), pl. XXXIX (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 321 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

[dnin-gi]r-su [ur-sag-ka]l-ga[den-1Í1-1á]-ra [gù-d]é-a [éns]i[1agaš].KI-ke4 [nam-ti-1]a-ni-šè [a mu-na]-1ru1

1-3) To Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty [warrior],

4-6) Gudea, [ruler] of Lagas,


152

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

58 Gudea dedicates a limestone basin to Ningirsu (inscription b). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 43.

COMMENTARY A O 67A (with inscription a ) + A O 67B + E§EM 5555 (with inscription b). Limestone basin with g o d d e s s e s holding vases with flowing water. Height ca. 70 cm.

The e x t e n t o f inscription a c a n no l o n g e r b e reconstructed. For the sequence of the inscriptions, s e e the discussion by Steible, p. 296. Inscription b is a votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 24 no. 4 (photo of AO 67A) 1891-1915 Heuzey, Origines p. 154A (drawing of goddess on AO 67A), p. 154B (drawing of torso of goddess on AO 67B) 1921 Unger, AOTU II 2-3 pp. 27-121, esp. 67-88 (study), pl. IV fig. 12 (copy of inscription on AO 67A) 1926 Unger, SuAK fig. 47 (photo of EÇEM 5555)

1931 Contenau, Manuel II p. 748 fig. 528 (photo of E§EM 5555) 1933 Unger, Die Wiederherstellung des Weihbeckens des Gudea von Lagas (study) 1935 Zervos, L'art pp. 214-15 (details photos of E§EM 5555) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 195 (study), p. 197 fig. 42c (drawing of part of E§EM 5555) 1969 Moortgat, Art photo 188 (detail of E§EM 5555) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 295-98 (edition)

TEXT a) Inscription on flat side of basin: Col. i T) [...-t]a [x im]-ta-en 20 [ŠI]M-mah-[šè] 3') [m]u-na-dím 4') ( [x] ) fxl kur gú-na Col. ii (broken or nonexistent) b) Inscription on round end of basin: 1) [d]n[in]-gi[r-su] 2) ur-sag-k[al-ga]d en-1í[1-1á-ra] 3) gù-d[é-a] 4) PA.TE.[SI]5) 1agaš.K[I-keJ 6) [nam-ti-1a-n]i-šè 7) 8) [a mu-na]-ru (broken or end of inscription)

i l ' ) From [...] he brought down [...], i 2'-3') (and) he (used it) to make for him an enormous basin, i 4') ...

1-3) To Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior,


7 - 8 ) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

Gudea

E3/1.1.7.10

153

59 Gudea builds Ningirsu's Eninnu and dedicates(?) a white limestone basin to him. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 42.

COMMENTARY The second sign of line 8 was read AN by ThureauDangin and, on collation, nin[nu by Steible.

AO 73, fragment of a basin of white limestone with protruding lion's head; height 14 cm. The inscription may be a combined building and votive inscription (type 1); cf. Gudea 55.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 24 no. 3 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144-45h' (edition)

1948 Parrot, Tello p. 195 (study), p. 197 fig. 42k (drawing) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 294 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

[dnin]-g[ir]-su [ur-sag]-kal-gad en-1Í1-riá1-[ra] gù-dé-[a] éns[i]-

6) 7) 8)

laga[s.KI-ke4] níg-du7-e [p]a m[u]-na-è é-nin[nu...] (rest broken)

For translation see Gudea 37 i 1—ii 2.

60 Inscription fragment, no longer classifiable. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 62.

COMMENTARY AO 59, fragment of relief plaque of grey, light red, and yellow limestone, displaying a horned crown; height 14 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 26 no. 9 (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 173 with n. 132 (study)

1971 Boese, Weihplatten pl. XXXIII no. 4 (drawing) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 327 (edition)

154

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d nin-gír-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á-ra gù-dé-a

5) 6)

[é]nsi[1ag]aš.[KI] (broken)

For translation see Gudea 37 i 1-6.

61 Gudea dedicates a macehead to Ningirsu. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 63.

COMMENTARY A 132, m a c e h e a d f r a g m e n t o f g r e y l i m e s t o n e ; height 10 c m . S i n c e all c o m p l e t e m a c e h e a d inscriptions in the

corpus are v o t i v e inscriptions, it is highly probable that such is a l s o the c a s e in the present e x a m p l e .

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 26 no. 7 (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 197 fig. 42e (drawing), p. 198 (study)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á-ra [g]ù-dé-a (broken)


4) Gudea... (broken)

62 Gudea builds Ningiszida's temple in Girsu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 64. CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

1 2

BM 90289 AO 375

3

EÍJEM 13527

Publication reference CT 21 pl. 36 de Sarzec II pl. 37 no. 5 See Kraus See Steible p. 328

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Brick Brick

1-10 1-10

Building Building

Clay cone

—

Building Building

—

_

155

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

COMMENTARY Measurements of ex. 1: 31x31x6.5 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 37 no. 5 (photo of ex. 2) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 140-41r (edition)

1947 Kraus, Tonnaegel p. 110 no. 9 (study of ex. 3) 1981 Walker, CBI pp. 18-19 no. 5 (transliteration of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 328-29 (edition)

TEXT d nin-giš-zi-da 1) digir-ra-ni 2) gù-dé-a 3) énsi4) iagaš.KI 5) lu é-ninnu6) d nin-gír-su-ka 7) in-dù-a 8) é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni 9) 10) mu-na-dù

1-2) For Ningišzida, his (personal) god, 3-5) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, 6-8) who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu, 9-10) built his House of Girsu.

63 Gudea builds Ningiszida's temple in Girsu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 67.

CATALOGUE Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number


1 2-84

AO 11929

TG 1051

—

85 86-88

_

FT II pl. XLV1 See Steible pp. 331-32 See dc Genouillac See Steible p. 331

—

TG 462 —

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription


1-8 —

Building Building

Brick Bricks

— —

COMMENTARY Steible, p. 332, also lists a door socket, AO 113(?), with reference to Parrot, Tello p. 201. The door sockets listed there are, however, all in the name of Ningirsu.

Building Building

156

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 129 (study of exs. 1, 85, etc.) pl. XLVI (copy of ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 331-32 (edition)

TEXT d

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

nin-gis-zi-da digir-ra-ni gù-dé-a énsilagas.KI ur-dgá-tùm-du10-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-2) For Ningiszida, his (personal) god, 3-5) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

6) man of Gatumdu, 7-8) built his House of Girsu.

64 Gudea builds Ningiszida's temple in Girsu. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 68.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1 2

VA 57 VA 8789

VAS 1 no. 22 See Marzahn

3

Coll. Chandon de Briailles

See Lambert

4-5

—

Object Brick Limestone tablet Stone tablet Stone tablets

See Steible pp. 323-33


Type of inscription

1-7

Building

—

Building

Building Building

COMMENTARY Ex. 1: 3 1 x 3 1 cm. Ex. 3: 8 . 2 x 1 0 . 5 c m . T h e inscription is identical with G u d e a 63 e x c e p t for the o m i s s i o n of line 6.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1953 Lambert, RA 47 p. 83 (photo and transliteration of ex. 3) 1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 pp. 24-25 (copy, transliteration and study of ex. 2)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d nin-giš-zi-da digir-ra-ni gù-dé-a énsi-


5) 6) 7)

lagas.KI-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

Gudea

E3/1.1.7.10

157

65 Captions of Ningiszida and Gudea on a fragmentary stele. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 66.

COMMENTARY A O 12763, limestone relief plaque, left part, displaying an introduction scene: Gudea, left, is introduced to a deity (not preserved). The introducing figure has the caption ( 1 ) [ d nin]-giš-[zi]-da and should, therefore, be the god himself, although he is bare-headed, lacking

the homed crown one would expect in the case of a god. This caption is in front of the head. The caption ( 2 ) mentioning Gudea's name is between the two heads. M e a s u r e m e n t s g i v e n for the h e i g h t h a v e b e e n contradictory (cf. Boese 1971 p. 203).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 1948 1969 1971

de Genouillac, FT II pi. 84 no. 1 (photo) Parrot, Tello p. 184 (study), p. 183 fig. 38a (drawing) Moortgat, Art photo 185 Boese, Weihplatten p. 203 no. T 16 (study)

1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 117a 1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 394, p. 444 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 330-31 (edition)

TEXT Caption 1 d 1) nin-gis-zi-da 2) digir-ra-ni Caption 2 1) gù-dé-a 2) énsi1agaš.KI 3) [1ú]ré-x(-x)1 4) [x] fxl-ni 5) 6) Jmu-dù--a-1

1-2) Ningiszida (is) his (personal) god.


4 - 6 ) who bui1t(?) his ...

66 Gudea dedicates diverse objects to Ningiszida. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 65.

158

Gudea E3/1.1.7.66

CATALOGUE Ex.

Museum number AO 190 AO 12921 UCLM 9-1794

Publication reference dc Sarzec II pi. 44 no. 2 See Strommenger 1971 See Hoxvog

Object Steatile relief vase Bowl fragment Circular marble socket with cylindrical base

Lines preserved 1-7


1-7 1-7

Votive 1 Votive 1

COMMENTARY Ex. 1: Upright, intertwined snakes, between two winged genii, each holding a gatepost. The inscription of ex. 1 is arranged clockwise: line 1 between gatepost and left g e n i u s , line 2 behind back of left genius, line 3 b e t w e e n the g e n i i , lines 4 - 5 behind back of right genius, lines 6 - 7 b e t w e e n right genius and gatepost.

Line 7: ru after erased D Û is present in ex. 1 only. Height 24 cm. Ex. 2: According to Strommenger RLA III p. 685, the material is grey marble; according to Steible it is limestone. Measurements 15.5x13.5 cm. Ex. 3: Height 12.8 cm, body diameter 18.4 cm, shaft diameter 5.2 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 44 no. 2 A-C (photos of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144-45b' (edition of ex. 1) 1935 Zervos, L'art pp. 200-201 (photos of ex. 1) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 198-99 (study), pl. XXI (photo of ex. 1) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 289 (ex. 1) 1962 Strommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamien photo 144 (ex. 1)

1969 Moortgat, Art photo 187 (ex. 1) 1971 Strommenger, RLA III/9 p. 685 (right) 5 I b 1 (study of ex. 2) 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 119 (ex. 1) 1978 Foxvog, RA 72 p. 41 (study of ex. 3) 1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photos 55 and 399 (ex. 1) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 329-30 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d

nin-gis-zi-da digir-ra-ni gù-dé-a énsiIagaš.KI-ke4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru (after erased DÜ in ex. 1)

1-2) To Ningiszida, his (personal) god, 3-5) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, 6-7) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

67 Gudea builds Ninhursanga's temple in Girsu. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible 70.

159

Gudea E3/L1.7.67

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1

E§EM 13529

See Kraus See Steible p. 334

2-7

Object Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preerved

Type of inscription

1-10

Building Building

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1947 Kraus, Tonnaegel p. 112 no. 16 (transliteration) 1972 Sjöberg, Orientalia Suecana 21 p. 88 (study)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

d

nin-hur-sag ama-ki-ágd nin-gir-su-ka nin iri-da mú-a ama-dumu-dumu-ne-ra gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-gír-su.KI-ka-ni mu-na-dù

1-5) For Ninljursanga, Ningirsu's beloved mother, the lady who has become one with the City, mother of all children,



68 Gudea builds Ninljursanga's temple. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 69.

C O M M E N T A R Y IM 23090/2 = 23103/6, clay cones.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1957 Edzard, Sumer 13 pp. 175 (study), 179 (edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 333 (edition)

TEXT 1)

2)

d

nin-hur-sag nin-a-ni

1-2) For Ninhursanga, his lady,

160 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.68 gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 é-a-ni mu-na-dù


6 - 7 ) built her House.

69 Gudea dedicates a libation cup to Nin-izi-mua. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 89.

COMMENTARY AO 305, fragment of the spout of a "libation cup," the Sumerian term REC 447.LÁ having been identified by Braun-Holzinger, ZA 79. 9.1x4.6x2.8 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 4 4 b i s no. 3 (photo with lines l'-5')

1989 Braun-Holzinger, ZA 79 pp. 1-7 (edition), p. 7 fig. 2 (drawing) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 349-52 (edition), 2 pl. IV (photos)

TEXT 1) 1') 2') 3') 4') 5')

rdninI-izi-mú-a (broken) [a mu-n]a-iru^ REC 447.LÁ-ba digir-ar1juš-sù-gu]0 ki-ša-ra ba-an-zi-ge mu-bi

1-1') To Nin-izi-mua, [..., Gudea(?), ...], dedicated (this object). 2 - 5 ' ) This libation cup is called "My compassionate (personal) goddess selected me (already upon seeing me) from the horizon."

70 Gudea builds for Ninmarki her wall in Guabba, as well as her temple therein. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 72.

COMMENTARY Japanese collection, no number indicated, clay cone. For the reading of the name of the goddess see footnote to Ur-Ningirsu I 1:1.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

161

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1970 Rashid, Sumer 26 pp. 110—11 (Arabic part) (copy, edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 335-36 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) H) 12) 13)

d

1 ^ ) For Ninmarki, beautiful woman, first daughter of Nanše, his lady,

nin-mar-ki munus-sa6-ga dumu-sag-dnanše nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ke4 bàd-gú-ab-batùr.KI-ka-ni rnu-na-dù šà-ba é-a-ni mu-na-ni-dù


8-10) built her wall of Guabba, the corral.

11-13) Therein he built her House for her.

71 Gudea builds Nin-subur's temple in Lagas. From Uruk; = Steible Gudea 73.

COMMENTARY NBC 2518, tablet of black serpentine; 8.2x6.5x1.2 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1920 Nies and Keiser, BIN 2 pp. 17-18 (edition), no. 12 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 336-37 (edition)

TEXT Obverse d 1) nin-subur 2) sukkal-an-na 3) nin-a-ni 4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) 1agaš.KI-ke4 Reverse 7) é-a-ni 8) mu-na-dù

1-3) For Nin-šubur, messenger of An, his lady,

4—6) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

rev. 7-8) built her House.

162

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

72 Gudea builds Nin-subur's temple in Lagas. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 74.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2-4

Museum number

Excavation number

(Kansas City)

TG 1130 See Steible P- 337

Publication reference FT II pi. XLVI

Object Clay cone

Lines preserved 1-7


BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II pl. XLVI (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 337 (edition)

TEXT d

nin-šubur nin-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi-

1)

2) 3) 4)

5)

6) D

[1]agaš.KI-ke4 é-a-ni mu-na-dù


73 Gudea builds Šu1-šaga's temple E-kitus-akkilli. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible Gudea 75.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number


1

MNB2 1366

—

2

—

TG 505

de Sarzec II pi. 29 no. 1 FT II pi. XL

3

MNB 1366

—

4 5-27

E§EM 13530

_

—

de Sarzec II p. XXXII n. 2 See Kraus See Steible p. 338

Object Stone tablet Stone tablet Limestone tablet Clay cone Clay cones

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Obv. 1-7 Rev. 8-9 Obv. ] 2-7 Rev. 8-9

Building

—

Building

—

Building Building

Building

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

163

COMMENTARY Ex. 1: Length 7.5 cm. Ex. 3 has d šu1-šà-ga-na in line 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 128 (study), pi. XL (copy of ex. 2) 1947 Kraus, Tonnaegel p. 109-10 no. 8 (study of ex. 4) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 338 (edition)

1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 29 no. 1 (photo of ex. 1) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144-45a (édition of ex. 1)

TEXT Obverse 1) dšu1-šà-ga 2) dumu-ki-ág3) dnin-gír-su-ka 4) lugal-a-ni 5) gù-dé-a 6) énsi7) 1agaš.KI-ke4 Reverse B) é-ki-tuš-akkil(GADA.TAG4.SI)-lí-ni 9) mu-na-dù

1-4) For Šul-šaga, Ningirsu's beloved son, his master, 5-7) Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

rev. 8-9) built his House, the noisy abode(?).

74 Gudea builds the temple of a god (name not preserved) in Girsu. From Girsu; - Steible Gudea 83.

COMMENTARY AO 21995A, fragment of a gypsum plaque; 12.5x11.5x4 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 345 (edition), 2 pl. IV (photo)

TEXT n 2') 3') 4') 5')

1-2') [For ...], his master, [luga]l-a-ni gù-dé-a énsi[1]agaš.KI-ke4

3-5') Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

164 6') 7')

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a [é-gí]r-su.KI-[k]a-ni [m]u-na-[dù]

6 - 7 ' ) built his House of Girsu.

75 Gudea restores the wall of Girsu for a god (name not preserved). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 82.

COMMENTARY hole in the surface of the tablet. The most likely candidate for the god is Ningirsu.

AO 26661, lower half of steatite tablet; 4.7x6.1x1.6 cm. Steible's photo shows, below the last ruling line of the rev., a trace that may be either part of a sign or only a

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 344 (edition), 2 pl. V (photo)

TEXT Obverse T) lugal-a-ni 2) gù-dé-a 3 ) énsi4') 1agaš.KI-ke4 Reverse 5') bàd-gír-su-ka-ni 6') ki-bi mu~na-gi4

1 ) [For ...], his master, 2'-4') Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

rev. 5'-6') restored his wall of Girsu.

( b r o k e n or e n d of inscription)

76 Gudea dedicates a stone cone to a deity (name broken). Provenance unknown; = Steible 93.

COMMENTARY NBC 2517, fragment of a limestone cone; 6.3x5.5x3.6 cm. Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1920 Nies and Keiser, BIN 2 p. 16 no. 8 (edition), no. 8 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 354-55 (edition)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

165

TEXT 1') 2') 3') 4') 5') 6 ) 7') 8')

[g]ù-[dé-a] [é]ns[i][1]agaš.KI [I]Ú é-ninnu[dni]n-1gír-súLka [in-d]ù-a [nam]-t[i-1]a-ni-šè [a m]u-ína1-ru

l'-6') [To ...], Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

7 - 8 ' ) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

77 Gudea dedicates a marble vessel to a deity (name broken). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 86.

COMMENTARY AO 26644, part of the rim of a vessel of black and white marble. Votive inscription type 1.


TEXT 1') 2) 3') 4 ) 5')

g[ù-dé-a] én[si]lagas.KI-k[e4] nam4i-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

1 - 3 ' ) [To ..,], Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

4 - 5 ' ) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

78 Gudea (name broken) dedicates an alabaster vase to a deity (name not preserved). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 97.

166

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

COMMENTARY AO 12108E (= TG 1200), fragment of a large alabaster vase. Attributed to Gudea, following Steible, because of

the epithet in lines 1 - 2 ' (cf. Gudea 33 lines 7 - 9 ) . Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 129 (study), pi. XL (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 358 (edition)

TEXT V) 2') 3') 4)

é-ân[še] mu-dù-[a] nam-ti-1a-n[i-šè] a mu-n[a-ru]

l'-4') [To ... Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who] had built the House of Nanše, dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

79 Gudea(?) (name broken) dedicates a macehead to a god (name not preserved). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 79.

COMMENTARY A O 14124 ( = TG 4 5 7 7 ) , fragment of a macehead of dark stone. Attribution to Gudea is not beyond doubt. Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 135 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 341-42 (edition)

TEXT n 2') 3') 4')

i[n-dù-a] nam-ti-1[a-ni-šè] mu-na-[ru]

l'-4') [To ... Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who had built ...], dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

167

80 Gudea dedicates(?) clay pipes to a deity (name broken). Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 87.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number


1

LB 17

TLB 2 no. 8

2

LB 18c

TLB 2 no. 9

3

LB 19b

TLB 2 no. 10

4

LB lSd

TLB 2 no. 11

Object Clay pipe fragment Clay pipe fragment Clay pipe fragment Clay pipe fragment

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

] 1-7' [

Votive?

] Y-V [

Votive?

] 4 -7' [

Votive?

] 6 -7' [

Votive?

COMMENTARY A c o m p o s i t e transliteration o f the f o u r f r a g m e n t s h a s b e e n g i v e n . N o m e a s u r e m e n t s h a v e b e e n indicated, but v a n D i j k ' s note "réduit d e la m o i t i é " on T L B 2 no. 8 a l l o w s one to estimate the width of the inscription to b e 14 cm. T h e r e f o r e , the possibility that they are drinking

tubes has to be e x c l u d e d . B ö h l , L e i d e n Coll. 1 c o n j e c t u r e d that t h e y m i g h t b e " g r o o t e k r u i k e n o f b u i z e n " (great j u g s or p i p e s / c o n d u i t s ) . T h e n a m e o f the o b j e c t ( s ) is c o n t a i n e d in line 7'. Three m o r e f r a g m e n t s are uninscribed. V o t i v e inscription t y p e 1?

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1933 Böhl, Leiden Coll. 1 pp. 12-13 (study) 1957 van Dijk, TLB 2 nos. 8 - 1 1 (copies)

1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 347^18 (edition)

TEXT 1') 2) 3') 4') 5') 6') 1 ) 8')

1 - 3 ' ) [To ...], Gudea, ruler of Lagaš.

gù-dé-a énsilagas.KI 1ú é-ninnud nin-gír-su-ka in-dù-a LA.E.GI.LUL-geštin-k[a-n]i [....]

4'-6') who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

7 - 8 ' ) [...] his/her ... of wine.

81 Gudea dedicates a macehead to a god (name not preserved). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 98.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

168

COMMENTARY by its object: all complete m a c e h e a d inscriptions are votive (type 1 or 2); s e e commentary on G u d e a 61.

A O 12108 G (TG 5 1 9 ) . fragment of a m a c e h e a d of reddish marble. The inscription type may be identified

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 128 (study), pi. XL (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 358-59 (edition)

TEXT 1') 2') 3') 4') 5')

[lug]al-a-n i]' [gÙ]-d[é-a] [éns]i[1aga]š.KI [1Ú...] (broken)

1') ... his master, 2'-4') Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

5') who ...

82 Label of Gudea. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 76.

COMMENTARY T G ( ? ) 1120 (and two unnumbered duplicates), bricks. The duplicates, according to Steible, h a v e in-dù-a in line 6.


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI Iii é-ninnud nin-gir-su-ka mu-dù-a

1-6) Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who built Ningirsu's Eninnu.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.10

169

83 Caption of Gudea, found on nine limestone fragments. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 77.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Museum number VA 2796 AO 4574 AO 4575 VA 2892 E§EM 6016 AO 457 L AO 6966 IM 14178 AO 4585, E§EM 5976, 6002, 6079,6101

Publication reference Moortgat, Art photo 189 Cros, Tello pl. X no. 3 Cros, Tello pl. X no. 4 Börker-Klähn, Bildstelen fig. 51 Börker-Klähn, Bildstelen fig. 59c Unpubl., see Steible p. 340 Steible, NSBW 2 pl. VI Lcwy, AfO U p . 152 Börker-Klähn, Bildstelen, figs. 81-84 a and b

COMMENTARY The three line-labels serve to identify the ruler. They are found either on the lower part of the ruler's garment (exs. 1 - 7 ) or in front of his head (exs. 8 - 9 ) . The extensive bibliography on the different fragments is not quoted here in full; see Börker-Klähn, Bildstelen,

for the most complete treatment. No effort has been m a d e here at reconstructing the archaeological evidence; see e.g., Börker-Klähn in Orthmann, Der Alte Orient p. 200 fig. 36.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1910 Cros, Tello pl. X no. 3 (photo of ex. 2), pl. X no. 4 (photo of ex. 3) 1936 Zervos, L'art p. 204 (photo of ex. 1) 1936-37 Levy, AfO 11 p. 152 (drawing of ex. 8) 1969 Moortgat, Art photo 189 (ex. 1) 1982 Börker-Klähn, Bildstelen p. 141 no. 35 (study of ex. 1 with bibliography), pp. 1 4 5 ^ 6 nos. 51-54 (study of ex. 4 with bibliography), p. 147 no. 59 (study of ex. 5 with bibliography), p. 151 no. 74 (study of ex. 3 with

bibliography), p. 151. no. 75 (study of ex. 2 with bibliography), p. 152 nos. 81-84 (study of ex. 9 with bibliography) fig. 35 (photo of ex. 1), fig. 51 (photo of ex. 4), fig. 59c (photo of ex. 5), fig. 74 (photo of ex. 3), fig. 75 (photo of ex. 2), figs. 81-84a and b (photos of ex. 9) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 339-40 (edition), 2 pl. VI (photo of ex.7)

TEXT 1) 2)

3)

gù-dé-a énsi-

1agaš.KI

1 - 3 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

170

Gudea E3/1.1.7.83a

83a Impression of a cylinder seal with the name and title of Gudea. From Girsu; not in Steible.

COMMENTARY Height 2.7 cm. Gudea, middle, is introduced to Enki by Ningiszida, who holds his left arm. Gudea's right arm is raised in prayer. Behind Gudea is an adorant minor god,

and behind that god is the inscription Ningiszida's dragon (bottom),

(top)

and

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1920 Dclaporte, Louvre 1, no. T. 108 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient, p. 239f 1991 Parrot, Tello, fig. 43f

TEXT 1) 2) 3)

gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI

1 - 3 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

84 Gudea dedicates a limestone bowl to an unknown deity (name broken). From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 96.

COMMENTARY AO 167, fragment of a limestone bowl; 7.7x7.2x1.8 cm. Since all complete bowl inscriptions of the corpus are

votive, the present inscription may also be classified as such (type 1).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 357 (edition), 2 pl. VI (photo)

TEXT

0) 1') 2') 3') 4') 5') 6')

[gù-dé-a] én[si]1agašr.KIl 1ú é-ninnunijn-gír-su-ka é-PA é-ub-imin [mu]-dù-a (broken) d

0 - 6 ' ) [To ..., Gudea], ruler of Lagas, who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu (and) the the "heptagon," [dedicated (this object)].

Gudea E3/1.7.85

171

85 Fragmentary stele inscription. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 80.

COMMENTARY AO 26634, fragment of a limestone stele, showing, in the register above the inscription, traces of two feet

placed heel to heel; 26x19x6 cm. Attribution to Gudea is based on phraseology; cf. Statue C iii 2-10. There is no line ruling under line 6'.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 342-^3 (edition), 2 pl. XXI (copy by H. Behrens)

TEXT Col. 1') 20 3') 4') 5') 6')

ï

i[m-mi-lu] si[g 4 -bi ki-sikil-a] im-m[i-du 8 ] [u]š-bi m[u-kù] [iz]i im-ta-[1á] [teme]n-[bí] (broken) Col. ii' (broken)

i T ) [....] he mixed, i' 2 - 3 ' ) and [its] bricks he formed [at a clean place]. i' 4 ' - 5 ' ) He [cleansed] the foundation pit, made (purifying) fire go over it. i' 6') The foundation deposits ....

86 Fragmentary inscription. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 78.

COMMENTARY AO 12781 (TG 2510), fragment of a big clay cylinder. Height 6 cm, thickness 1.2-1.3 cm, reconstructed diameter 20 cm. The writing runs parallel to the axis, not at an angle of 90° as in the case of Gudea Cylinders A and B.

Steible tentatively restored line 4 ' as [šà-ba] gi4gu[n 4 -ki-ág-ni]; but de Genouillac 1 s copy of the traces following gi4 do not support that reading,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II pp. 130-31 (study), pl. XLVIII (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 340-^1 (edition)

172

Gudea E3/1.1.7.86

TEXT 1') 2) 3') 4')

[1ú]'é1-ninnu[ d nin]-gir-su-ka [i]n-dù-a [x] r x i gi4 rxT (broken)

l ' - 4 ' ) who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu, ...

87 Fragmentary stele inscription. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 89.

COMMENTARY AO 57, fragment of a limestone stele showing three prisoners attached to each other by means of a rope

tied around their necks; height 11 cm. The inscription is in a column above the figurative scene.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 26 no. 10b (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 177 (study), p. 175 fig. 35i (drawing) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 356-57 (edition)

TEXT V) 2) 3 ) 4')

[1ú é-ninnu-AN.IM.MI.MUŠE]N Tbar6Lbar6[ d nin-gi]r-su-ka [mu-/in-d]ù-a [....] r x i (broken)

l ' - 4 ' ) who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu, the White Thunderbird, ...

88 Inscription on clay cone fragment. From Uruk; = Steible Gudea 99.

COMMENTARY W 24794, clay cone fragment. Attribution to Gudea based on Wilcke's argument that so far, among Lagas

rulers, only Gudea has left inscriptions at Uruk (cf. Gudea 31, 35, 52, 71).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1987 Wilcke, Bagh. Mitt. 18 p. 123 (edition), pi. 7 no. 65 (photo, copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 359 (edition)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.88

173

TEXT 0) 1') 2') 3')

[gù-dé-a] én[si]1aga[š.KI-ke,] fél-[....] (broken)

89 Luga1-dur[gar] dedicates a vessel to Bau on behalf of Gudea. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 2.

COMMENTARY AO 15, vessel fragment of white marble; height 8 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 26 no. 4 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 144^15d' (edition)

1948 Parrot, Tello p. 200 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 256-57 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

ba-ú nin-a-ni nam-tigù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ka-[šè] luga1-dúr-[gar] dam-[gàr] a mu-[na-ru]

1 - 8 ) To Bau, his lady, Luga1-dur[gar], the merchant, dedicated (this object) for the life of Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

90 Nin-alla, Gudea's wife, dedicates a footed bowl to Bau on behalf of her husband. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 3.

COMMENTARY In private possession, see Scheil, RA 24 pp. 109 n. 1. Footed bowl of black schist; height 10.4 cm, foot diameter 6.5 cm. Votive inscription type 2. The object

may have served as an incense burner. The object is perhaps identical with the one mentioned by A. Caubet, 1991/92.

174

Gudea E3/1.1.7.86

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1927 Scheil, RA 24 pp. 109 10 (edition), p. 109 (photo, copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 257 (edition) 1991-92 A. Caubet, Orient Express, pp. 21f. (study)

TE 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)

d

ba-ú munus-sa 6 -ga nin-a-ni nam-tigù-dé-a énsi[1]aga[š][KI-kal-šè ù Tnaml-ti-la-ni-sè nin-al-la dam-ni a mu-na-ru

1 - 3 ) To Bau» the beautiful woman, her lady,

4 - 1 1 ) Nin-alla, ( G u d e a ' s ) w i f e , dedicated (this object) for the life of Gudea, the ruler of Lagas, and also for her (own) life.

91 Zi-kalamma dedicates a limestone stand(?) to Geštin-anna on behalf of Gudea. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 16.

COMMENTARY Newell Bequest Collection, Wheaton College, Norton MA; truncated solid cone of limestone, perhaps once

having served as a stand; height 9 cm, base diameter 7.5 cm, top diameter 3.9 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1978 Foster and Polinger Foster, Iraq 40 pp. 61-65 (edition, study), p. 63 (copy), pi. X (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 269-70 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

d

geštin-an-na nin-sag ! -ùb ! .KI ! -ra nam-tigù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè zi-kalam-ma zadim a mu-na-ru

1 - 2 ) To Geštin-anna, lady of Sagub, 3 - 8 ) Zi-kalamma, the stone-cutter, dedicated (this object) for the life of Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

Gudea

E3/1.1.7.88

175

92 N N (name broken) dedicates a limestone relief to Bau on behalf of Gudea. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 1.

COMMENTARY AO 58, fragment of a limestone relief displaying a goddess and a god; 11.8x9.4x4 cm. The inscription (votive type 2) starts left of the head of the goddess.

Moortgat, Art, has "Alabaster" as the material,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 25 no. 5 (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 173 (study), p. 175 fig. 35 g (drawing) 1969 Moortgat, Art photo 186

1971 Boese, Weihplatten pl. XXXIII no. 3 (T 18) (drawing) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 256 (edition), 2 pl. II (photo)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

r%a-W n[i]n-a-ni Inam-tilïgù-dé-al Ténsil(broken)

1 - 2 ) To Bau, his/her lady, 3 - 5 ) [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of Giidea, ruler [of Lagas].

93 N N ( n a m e broken) dedicates a m a c e h e a d to Ig-alim on behalf of G u d e a . P r o v e n a n c e unknown; = Steible G u d e a 21.

COMMENTARY YBC 2202, macehead; diameter 9 cm, diameter of hole 1.12 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1915 Clay, YOS 1 p. 13 no. 15 (edition), pi. 11 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 273 (edition)

Gudea E3/1.1.7.93

176

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

r d lig-alim lugal-a-ni nam-tigù-dé-a énsi11agaš.KP-[ka-šè] (broken)

1 - 2 ) T o Ig-alim» his master, 3 - 6 ) [..., d e d i c a t e d (this o b j e c t ) ] for the life of Gudea, ruler [of Lagaš].

94 N N (name broken) dedicates a female statuette to Nin-egalla on behalf of Gudea. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 41.

COMMENTARY AO 226, female statuette, head missing, crouched on a cushion(?); height 13 cm. Votive inscription type 2. As

the votive object is a female statuette, the dedicator was most probably a woman.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes IT pi. 2 2 b i s no. 3 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 146-47k' (edition) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 186 (study), p. 187 fig. 39b (drawing)

1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 60b 1981 Spycket, Statuaire photo 134 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 293-94 (edition)

TEXT Inscription on back (in mirror writing): d 1) nin-é-gal 2) nin-a-ni 3) nam-ti4) gù-dé-a 5) énsi6) riagašlK[I]-ka-šè 7) [....] Inscription on base, right: (broken) Inscription on base, front: 1) [m]u-tu é-a mu-[n]a-ni-rku41 Inscription on base, left: 1) alan-ba nin-gu 10 2) Tdì[nin-é-ga1(?)] 3) m[u-bi]

1 - 2 ) To Nin-egalla, her lady, 3 - 6 ) [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of Gudea, ruler of L a g a s .

1) She f a s h i o n e d it [into a statue of hers] and brought it to her into (her) House. 1 - 3 ) This statue is c a l l e d "My lady [is N i n egaIIa(?)] M

Gudea E3/1.1.7.88

177

95 N N (name broken) dedicates a vase to Ninmarki on behalf of Gudea. From Ur; = Steible Gudea 71.

COMMENTARY IM 1155 (U. 6311), marble vase fragment; diameter of base 14 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1928 Gadd, UET 1 p. X (study), no. 26 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 335 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

[ d ]nin-mar-ki [nin]-a-ni [na]m-ti[gù]-dé-a [é]nsi[1aga]šÛ0l[-ka-šè] (broken)

1 - 2 ) For Ninmarki, his lady, 3 - 6 ) [..., d e d i c a t e d (this o b j e c t ) ] for the life of G u d e a , ruler of L a g a s .

96 N N (name not preserved) dedicates an alabaster vase to N[in-...] on behalf of Gudea. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 85.

COMMENTARY AO 12775F (= TG 3115), fragment of an alabaster vase. Votive inscription type 2. According to de Genouillac, FT II p. 135, the dedication was to "Ninmarki."

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II pp. 117 and 135 (study) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 200 (study)


178

Gudea E3/1.1.7.93

TEXT 1)

r%[in-...]

2) 3) 4)

[n]in-[a-ni] [n]am-[ti]gù-[dé-a] (broken)

97 N N ( n a m e b r o k e n ) dedicates an alabaster vase to a deity ( n a m e broken) on b e h a l f of G u d e a . From Girsu; = Steible G u d e a 84.

COMMENTARY AO 12775H (= TG 3361), fragment of an alabaster vase with handle in the form of a bird's head and neck; 3.1x5.7x2 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 345 (edition), 2 pl. II (photo)

1936 de Genouillac, FT II pp. 118 and 135 (study) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 200 (study)

TEXT Inscription on left side of handle: 2') [é]ns[i]3') [1ag]aš.KI-k[a-šè]

Inscription on right side of h a n d l e : 0) [nam-ti]1')

[g]Ù-rdéHa]

4')

[ . . . ] rX1 [ . . . ]

(broken)

98 Nin-alla, Gudea's wife, dedicates a macehead to Ig-alim. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 22.

COMMENTARY AO 12771 (= TG 3960), macehead of grey stone; 6.6x5.9 cm. Votive inscription type 1. It was not so unusual for a

woman to dedicate a macehead. See, for another example, the inscription of JJala-Bau.

Gudea E3/1.1.7.88

179

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 133 (study), pl. XLI (copy; note Steible's collations) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 274 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d

ig-l"aliml riuga11-[a-m] (nin1-[a1-1a] dam-g[ù-dé-a] én[si]riagasl[.KI-ka-ke 4 ] fal m[u-na-ru]

1 - 2 ) To Ig-alim, her master, 3 - 7 ) Nin-alla, w i f e of Gudea, ruler of dedicated (this object).

Lagaš,

99 Nin-alla, Gudea's wife, dedicates a female statuette to N[in-...] on behalf of her husband. From Girsu; = Steible Gudea 81.

COMMENTARY AO 227, female limestone statuette, head missing. Votive inscription type 2.

Col. i starts on the front, right part of the robe, and wraps around to the centre of the back; col. ii starts two cases after col. i and ends one case before.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 146-47 no. Y (edition) 1909 Toscanne, RT 31 p. 124 (drawing, copy) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 186 (study), p. 187 fig. 39d (drawing)

1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 203 (study), photo 139 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 3 4 3 ^ 4 (edition)

TEXT Col. i 1)

2)

F d ln[in-...] n[in-a]-Ini1

i 1 - 2 ) To N[in-...], her lady,

180

Gudea E3/1.7.99

ni[n-a]l-rial d[umu-ur-dbaj-u [én]si[1agaš.KI]-rka-ke41 [n]am-tiii [gù]-dé-a [én]si[1]agaš.KI [d]am-ma-na-šè ù nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru [a]1an-ba 1~nin-gu101 gù ma-dé u 4 -du i r ga-ba ì-dù 10) mu-bi

i 3 - i i 6) Nin-alla, daughter of [Ur-Ba]u, ruler [of Lagaš], dedicated (this object) for the life of Gudea, ruler of Lagas, her husband, and (also) for her (own) life.

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

ii 7 - 1 0 ) This statuette is called "My lady addressed me; (and) on the appropriate day I set to work."

100 Inscription of Gudea 1 s son Lugal-agrigzi on a macehead. Provenance unknown; = Steible Gudea 90.

COMMENTARY VA 4857, limestone macehead; height 4 cm, diameter 6 cm, diameter of hole 1.5 cm. Votive inscription type 3. A macehead with the same inscription (the name being read "Lugal-iti-gin") is cited by Scheil in RT 37 p.

128 no. XXVI and in RA 27 p. 162; see also Parrot, Tello p. 198. Both Scheil and Parrot describe the material as diorite.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1915 Scheil, RT 37 p. 128 no. XXVI (edition, no museum number given) 1930 Scheil, RA 27, p. 162 (study) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 198 (study)

1965 Meyer, Altorientalische Denkmäler fig. 51 (photo) 1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 p. 28 no. 9 (edition), p. 29 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 352-53 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI lugal-agrig-zi dub-sar dumu-ni

1 - 3 ) Gudea, ruler of Lagas:

4—6) Lugal-agrigzi, the scribe, his son.

Ur-Ningirsu II E3/1.1.8

T. Maeda (ASJ 10 pp. 19-35, s e e Ur-Ningirsu I) has shown that inscriptions of Ur-Ningirsu II can be distinguished from those of his predecessor and namesake Ur-Ningirsu I by the fact that Ur-Ningirsu II regularly mentions the name of his father Gudea, whereas Ur-Ningirsu I leaves his father unnamed. Ur-Ningirsu II often adds the epithet "who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu" to his father's name and title ( s e e Ur-Ningirsu II 1 - 3 , 6), With respect to style, the small corpus of Ur-Ningirsu IF s inscriptions is completely dependent on that of Gudea.

1 Ur-Ningirsu II has a door socket made for Ningirsu. From Girsu; = Steible Urningirsu II. 1.

COMMENTARY BM 90845, diorite door socket.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1922 BM Guide p. 59 no. 23 (study)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

d

1 - 4 ) For Ningirsu, EnliPs mighty warrior, his master,

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en~M-1á lugal-a-ni ur-dnin-g£r-su énsi1agaš.KI dumu-gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ka 1ú é-ninnud nin-gír-su-ka in-dù-a-ke 4 mu-na-dím

5 - 1 3 ) Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagas, son of Gudea, who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

14) made (this object).

181

182

Ur-Ningirsu II E3/LL8.2

2 Ur-Ningirsu II builds Ningirsu's gigun. From Girsu and Ur; = Steible Urningirsu II. 2.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

1

AO 583

2

BM 137353

Escavation number


Brick

U. 7708

de Sarzec U pi. 37 no. 9 UET 1 no. 282 Steible p. 361 See Edzard

Bricks

3-9 10

IM 47454

Object

Brick

Brick stamp (negative)

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

i 1-9 ii 1-7 i 1-2 ii 1-5


i 1-9 ii 1-7

Building

COMMENTARY Ex. 1: 3 1 . 2 x 3 1 . 2 cm. Ex. 4: 13.2x12.3 cm.

Ex. 2 has b e e n found at Ur; identification with UrNingirsu II 2 ( i n s t e a d of 3 ) is not certain.

APHY

BIB

1957 1965 1971 1991

1884—1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 37 no. 9 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK p. 146-47b (edition) 1928 Gadd, UET 1 p. 85 (edition of ex. 2) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 210-14 (provenance)

Edzard, Sumer 15 p. 25 (edition of ex. 10) Barrelet, Iraq 27 p. 108 (study) Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1c4b (translation) Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 361-62 (edition)

TEXT Col. i d nin-gir-su 1) ur-sag-kal-ga2) d en-1fl-1á lugal-a-ni ur-dnin-gir-su énsi1agaš.KI dumu-gù-dé-a énsiCol. ii lagaš.KI-ka 1ú é-ninnu2) d nin-gír-su-ka in-dù-a-ke 4 gi-gun 4 -ki-ág-ni šim-eren-na mu-na-ni-dù

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

1)

3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

i 1 - 4 ) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,

i 5—ii 1) Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagas, son of Gudea, Lagas,

ruler of

ii 2 - 4 ) who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

ii 5 - 7 ) installed his b e l o v e d g r o v e ( ? ) , in the scent ( o f ) cedars.

Ur-Ningirsu II E3/1.1.8.3

183

Ur-Ningirsu II enlarges N a n s e ' s temple to abut on the City-Gate. From Girsu; = Steible Urningirsu II. 3.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1

Museum number AO 11947

Excavation number

2

AO 26693

—

3

—

TG 2177

TG 1573

Publication reference FT II pi. XLVI

Object Round brick Round brick Brick fragment

See Steible p. 362 FT II pi. XL VIII

Lines preserved i 1-8 ii 1-7


Ì]4-7[ ii ] 5-6 [

Building

COMMENTARY It is possible that Ur-Ningirsu II 2 ex. 2 represents Ur-Ningirsu II 3 ex. 4.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 130 (study of exs. 1 and 3), pi. XLVI (copy of ex. 1), pl. XLVI1I (copy of ex. 3)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C4d (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 262-63 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

i d

nin-gir-lsul ur-lsag-kal-gald ren-1fl1-1á lugal-a-ni ur-dnin-gir-rsul énsi1agaš.KI dumu-gù-dé-a ii énsi1a[g]aš.KI-k[a] lú é-fninnuld nin-gír-su-k[a] in-dù-a-ke 4 abu1(KÁ.GAL)-inim-si-Isá-aLke 4 é- d| nanše1 mu-na-ús

i 1—4) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, hi master,

i 5—ii 5 ) Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagas, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

ii 6 - 7 ) made the House of Nanse abut on the CityGate (which issues) straightforward words.

184

Ur-Ningirsu IIE3/1.1.8.3184

4 Fragmentary inscription of Ur-Ningirsu IL From Girsu; = Steible Umingirsu IL 5.

COMMENTARY AO 26651, fragment of a stone vessel; 5.1x10,1x2.1 cm. Attribution to Ur-Ningirsu II based on epithet.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 364 (edition), 2 pl. VII (photo)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-[gir-su] ur-sa[g-ka1-ga]d en-[1í1-1á] 1uga[1-a-ni]

5) 6)

ur- d [nin-gir-su] é[nsi](broken)

For translation s e e Ur-Ningirsu II 1 lines 1 - 6 ,

5 Ur-Ningirsu II dedicates a macehead to Ningirsu. Provenance unknown; = Steible Umingirsu II. 4.

COMMENTARY BM 86917, fragment of a macehead of dark grey stone with light veins. Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1900 King, CT 10 pl. 2 (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 148-49 no. 17c (edition) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 216 (study)

1971 Sollberger and Küpper, IRSA IIC4c (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 363-64 (edition)


185

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

f d ninl-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á lugal-a-ni

1 - 4 ) To Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,

J"url-dnin-gir-su

5 - 1 0 ) Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagas, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagas,

11) 12)

nam-ti-1a-ni-šè

énsilagas.KI

dumu-gù-dé-a énsilagaš.KI-ka-ke, 1 1 - 1 2 ) dedicated (this object) for his (own) life.

a mu-na-ru

Ur-Ningirsu II fashions a statue of himself, standing, and dedicates it to Ningiszida. From Girsu; = Steible Urningirsu II. 6.

COMMENTARY AO 9504 (body) and MMA no. 47.100.86 (head), alabaster statue. Standing on a socle, hands clasped;

height 46 cm. The socle displays a scene of persons kneeling and offering food.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1924 Thureau-Dangin, Monuments Piot 27 pp. 104-6, pL IX-X (photos of body) 1935 Zervos, L'art pp. 218-19 (photos of body: back, front, detail of back; detail of socle) 1948 Parrot, Tello pp. 207-208 (study), pi. XXIII b, c (photos of body: front, left side) 1961 Parrot, Sumer photos 268-69 (body: front, front lower part) 1962 Strommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamien photos 138-39 (body: details front centre, front lower part; back, front)

1969 Moortgat, Art photos 175-76 (body: back, front) 1971 Sollberger and Küpper, 1RS A I1C4a (translation) 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photos 62a-b (body: front, left side; + head) 1978 Johansen, Mesopotamia 6 p. 39 (study), pis. 118-20 (photos of body: front, back; photo of head) 1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 51 (body: front + head) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire photo 131 (body: front + head) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 365-66 (edition)

TEXT

Col. 1) 2)

i d

nin-giš-zi-da digir-ra-ni

i 1 - 2 ) For Ningiszida, his (personal) god,

186


ur-dmn-gir-su énsi1agaš.KI dumu-gù-dé-a 6) énsi7) 1agaš.KI-ka 8) 1ú é-ninnu9) d 10) nin-gír-su-ka in-dù-a-ke 4 H) Col. ii 1) alan-na-ni 2) mu-tu 3) alan-ba 4) 1ú digir-ra-ni ki-ág-me 5) nam-ti-gu l0 hé-sù

i 3 - 1 1 ) Ur-Nìngirsu, ruler of Lagas, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagas, who had built Ningirsu's Eninnu,

3) 4) 5)

6) 7)

ii 1 - 2 ) fashioned his (own) statue. ii 3 - 7 ) "I am the one beloved by his (personal) god; let my life be long" — (this is how) he named that statue for his ( = Ningirsu's) sake, and he brought it to him into his House.

mu-šè mu-na-sa 4 - ( N Á ) é-a-ni mu-na-ni-ku 4

7 Ur-Ningirsu II dedicates(?) a statuette to Ningiszida. Provenance unknown; = Steible Umingirsu II. 7.

COMMENTARY VA 8790, upper half of a bearded diorite statuette; height 18 cm. It is most probably a votive inscription type 1, because all complete statuette inscriptions of

the corpus are votive. As coL i stands by itself (see photo), the continuation of the inscription in col. ii must have been on the lower part of the statuette.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 385 (front) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 196 (study), photo 132 (front) 1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 p. 29 (copy), pp. 29-30 (edition), pl. II fig. 4 (photo of back) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 366 (edition)

1928-29 Meissner, AfO 5 p. 6 (study), pl. IV no. 2 (photo of front) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 209 (study), pi. XXIII a (photo of front) 1969 Moortgat, Art photos 171-74 (all four sides) 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 64 (front)

TEXT Col. i d 1) nin-gis-z[i]-d[a] 2) digir-ra-n[i] 3) ur-dnin-gir-[su] 4) éns[i]5) 1agaš.K[I] For translation see Ur-Ningirsu II 6 Col. i lines 1-8.

6) 7) 8) Col.

dumu-gù-dé-a énsi1agaš.KI-ka ii (broken)


187

8 N N (name broken) dedicates a statuette to Ningiszida on behalf of UrNingirsu II. Provenance unknown; = Steible Urningirsu II. 8.

COMMENTARY VA 8788, upper part of a gypsum statuette of a person carrying an offering animal (goat); head missing (the head shown on some of the photos does not belong to the body); height 6.8 cm, width (at the elbows) 8 cm. Col. i stands alone on the back; col. ii must have originally been located on the lower part. Votive

inscription type 2. The object is attributed to UrNingirsu II here, but see Steible's cautions pp. 367—68. The object has s u f f e r e d serious damage since Meissners first publication in 1928-29; see Marzahn's discussion in AoF 14 pp. 30-32.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1928-29 Meissner, AfO 5 pp. 5-6 (study), pl. IV no. 1 (photo of front; disregard head) 1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 197 (study)

1987 Marzahn, AoF 14 pp. 30-32 (edition), p. 31 (copy), pl. Ill figs. 5-6 (photos of front and back) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 367-68 (edition)

TEXT 1)

d

2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

digir-ra-{A ! }-ni nam-tiur-dnin-gir-s[u] énsilagašJKI-ka([-šè]) (broken)

nin-gis-zi-da

1 - 2 ) To Ningiszida, his (personal) god, 3 - 6 ) [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of UrNingirsu, ruler of Lagas.

9 Label on a seashell. From Girsu; - Steible Urningirsu II. 9.

COMMENTARY AO 209, seashell with inscription; 6.7x2 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 46 no. 9 (photo)

1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 368 (edition), 2 pi. VIII (photo)


188

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

ur-d*nin'-gir-su énsilagas.KI dumu-gù-dé-a énsilagaš.KI

1 - 6 ) Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

10 L a b e l on the a r m of a statue. Provenance unknown; = Steible Umingirsu II. 10.

COMMENTARY IM 45062, fragment of the arm of a diorite statue; 2.7x1.3 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1959 Edzard, Sumer 15 p. 25 (edition)


TEXT Caption on arm of statue: 1) [ur-dnin-gir-su] 2) én[si]3) 1agaš.KI 4) dumu-gù-dé-a 5) énsi-1agaš.KI

1 - 5 ) Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagas.

Ur-GAR E/1.L9

Apart from his inscriptions, nothing is known about this ruler, whose name cannot yet be read with certainty. One of his wives (names broken) was a daughter of Gudea's father-in-law Ur-Bau ( s e e Ur-GAR 2).

1 Nin-kagina dedicates a macehead to Šu1-šagana on behalf of her husband(?) Ur-GAR. Provenance unknown; = Steible Ur-GAR 1.

COMMENTARY Golenishev Collection no. 5151, macehead. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1921 Shileiko, Zapiski Vostocnago Otdeleniya Russkago Arkheologiceskago Obscestva 25 p. 140 (transliteration and translation)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA IÍC6b (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 370 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

šu1-šà-ga-na dumu-ki-ágd nin-gír-su-ka lugal-a-ni

1 - 4 ) To Šu1-šagana, the beloved son of Ningirsu, her master,

5)

eam-ti-

6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

ur-GAR énsilagaš.KI-ka-šè nin-ka-gi-na dumu-ka-[kù]

5 - 1 3 ) Nin-kagina, daughter of Ka[ku], his ( = U . ' s ) w i f e ( ? ) , [dedicated (this object)] for the life of UrGAR, ruler of Lagas, [and (also) for her (own) life.]

11)

da[m-ni(?)]

12) 13)

[ù nam-ti-1a-ni-šè] [a mu-na-ru]

189

190

Ur-GAR E3/1.1.9.2

2 N N (name broken), daughter of Ur-Bau, dedicates a female statuette to a deity (name broken) on behalf of Ur-GAR. From Girsu; = Steible Ur-GAR

2.

COMMENTARY Museum number unknown, stone fragment of a female statuette. Votive inscription type 2. The photo mentioned by de Sarzec, Découvertes I p. 349, and by

Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63 no. 13, has not been published.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1894-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes I p. 349 (study, copy), II p. LVIII (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63 no. 13 (edition)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C6a (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 371 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

ii Fnaml-tiur-GAR énsilagaš.KI-ka-šè [....] iii dumu-ur-dba-ú énsi1agaš.KI-ka-ke 4 ù nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

ii 1—iii 5 ) [To ..., ...], daughter of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas, dedicated (this object) for the life of UrGAR, ruler of Lagas, and (also) for her (own) life.

3 N N (name broken) dedicates a statue of a human-headed bull to Lamma[tarsirsirra] on behalf of Ur-GAR. From Girsu; = Steible Ur-GAR 3.

COMMENTARY IM 11952, steatite statue of a recumbent humanheaded bull with horned crown; height 11.8 cm, length 14.3 cm. The inscription (votive type 2) is arranged in

six columns of two lines each, starting at the bull's left hind leg and running clockwise. Only cols, i-iii are visible on the photograph.

Ur-GAR E3/L 1.9.3

191

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1932 Parrot, RA 29 pp. 55-56 (study), pl. II no. 1 (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello pl. XII bottom (photo) 1978 Huot, Sumer 34 p. 106 no. 5 (study), p. 108 fig. 4d (photo)

1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 403 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 371-72 (edition)

TEXT Col. 1) 2) Col. 1) 2) Col. 1) 2) Col. 1) 2) Col.

i d

lamm[a][tar-sir-sfr-ra] ii nin-a-ni nam-ti iii ur-GAR PA.TE.[S]Iiv 1ag[aš.KI-ka-šè]

[...]

V dub-sar 1) dumu-pu-ta ugula 2) Col. vi ù nam-[ti]-1a-ni-šè 1) a mu-na-ru 2)

i l - i i 1) To the protective spirit [Tarsirsir], his lady,

ii 2 - v i 2) [...], the scribe, son of Puta, t h e o v e r s e e r , d e d i c a t e d (this o b j e c t ) for the life of U r - G A R , ruler of L a g a š , and (also) for his ( o w n ) life.

Ur-ayabba E3/1.1.10 This ruler is attested by his first year name: "year: Ur-ayabba ( b e c a m e )

ruler)." mu ur-ab-ba énsi ITT 4, 7573 = MVN 6 no. 543 (and cf. ITT 4, 7570 = MVN 6 no. 540 r. ii' 3); RTC 264 iv 5' (between this year and the year "the en (priest) of Inanna of Uruk, son of king Ur-Namma, was found (by means of) the kid's (liver)" = Ur-Namma " c R T C 264 iv 2' and 6', an unknown number of years elapsed). Ur-ayabba's name also appears in the offering list B M 18474 ( s e e Introduction) line 8 between Ur-GAR and Ur-Mama. Otherwise, nothing is known about him.

Ur-Mama E3/1.1.11 For the restoration of the first element of the name of this ruler s e e commentary on Ur-Mama 1. His first year name is preserved in RTC 184 iv 3: mu ur-ma-ma énsi "year: Ur-Mama (became) ruler."

1 N N (name broken) dedicates an onyx bowl to Ninmarki on behalf of [Ur]Mama. From Girsu; = Steible Urmama 1.

COMMENTARY puzur 4 (KAx GÁNA-tenû.ŠA) being a considerably longer compound sign. Also note that the offering list BM 18474 (see Maeda, ASJ 10 p. 19) has one ur-ma-ma (rev. line 1), preceding Nam(ma)hani.

AO 3284, onyx bowl. Votive inscription type 2. Attributed to [Ur]-Mama instead of [Puzur]-Mama; in view of the space used for the preceding line and the following line, restoration of [ur] is favoured,

192

Ur-Mama E3/1.L1L1

193

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LVIII (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 58-59 no. 11 (edition)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

[dnin]-mar-ki [munus-s]a 6 -ga [nam]-ti|ur]-ma-ma [PA.T]E.SI[ŠIR.BUR.L]A.rKI1--ršè1 (broken)

1 - 6 ) To [Nin]marki, the beautiful woman, [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of [Ur]-Mama, ruler of Lagaš.

Nammahani w

E3/LL12

Last ruler of the " G u d e a D y n a s t y / ' d e f e a t e d by U r - N a m m a of Ur III according to the Prologue of the " C o d e of U r - N a m m a " ( s e e J.J. Finkelstein, JCS 22 [ 1 9 6 8 - 6 9 ] p. 67 lines 7 5 - 7 7 ) . T h e n a m e is regularly spelled nam-mah-ni in the corpus of his inscriptions, but n a m - h a - n i in the " C o d e of U r - N a m m a . " Both f o r m s represent an abbreviated n a m e : " H i s / H e r greatness (is ...)," e.g., nam-mah-ni-du 1 0 "... is f a v o u r a b l e . " Apart f r o m his inscriptions, a y e a r n a m e is p r e s e r v e d : mu n a m - m a h - n i us-sa "year: N a m m a h a n i ( b e c a m e ruler), following ( y e a r ) " R T C 187. T h e N a m m a h a n i of our corpus is not identical with, though not distant in t i m e f r o m , N a m m a h a n i - d u ( g ) , son of L u - g i r i z a l of L a g a s ( s e e R I M E 3/2.1.2.2011). N a m m a h a n i ' s wife w a s Nin-hedu, daughter of G u d e a ' s father-in-law UrB a u ( s e e N a m m a h a n i 5, 17). The relation of N i n k a g i n a , daughter of Kaku, to N a m m a h a n i is not clear ( s e e N a m m a h a n i 6 - 9 a , 10); she never states that she is his wife. In s o m e of N a m m a h a n i ' s inscriptions (7 ex. 3, 11 ex. 1, 13, and 14) the r u l e r ' s n a m e has b e e n (partially) e r a s e d ; s e e the c o m m e n t a r y of Steible, N S B W 1 pp. 382, 384, 388, a n d 389. It w a s m o s t p r o b a b l y a n act of damnatio memoriae enacted by a conquering e n e m y . As r e g a r d s s t y l e , N a m m a h a n i ' s c o r p u s s h o w s little originality in comparison with that of G u d e a .

1 N a m m a h a n i has a door socket m a d e f o r B a u . P r o v e n a n c e unknown; = Steible N a m m a h n i 2.

COMMENTARY AO 101, door socket of dark grey stone; length 65 cm. Line 10: NA4.KU.IG is most probably the very word for the "door socket" itself.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 27 no. 1 (photo) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 64-65b (edition)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C7a (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 375-76 (edition)

194

195 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

TEXT 1)

2) 3) 4) 5)

6) 7) S)

9)

10) 11)

1 - 5 ) For Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, the lady of the Shining City, his lady,

â-ú munus-sa 6 -ga dumu-an-na nin-iri-kù-ga nin-a-ni nam-matj-ni énsi1agaš.KI agrig-kal-ga-ni NA4.KUJG-šè mu-na-dím

6 - 9 ) Nammahani, ruler of L a g a s , her mighty steward,

10-11) turned (this stone) into a door-socket.

2 Nammahani builds Ningirsu's Eninnu and the gigun within it. From (modern) Diqdiqqa near Ur; = Steible Nammahni 8.

CATALOGUE

Ex.

Museum number

Excavation number


Object

1

BM 123338

U. 13003

See Walker

Brick

2

AO 26690

Unpubl.

Brick

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

i 1-7 ii 1—5

Building Building

COMMENTARY The inscription, except for the ruler's name, is an exact replica of the threshold inscription Gudea 45. Ex. 1: 30x27x7 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1981 Walker, CBI p. 22 no. 11 (transliteration) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 381 (edition)

TEXT Col. i 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á lugal-a-ni

i 1 - 4 ) For Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior, his master,

Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

196 5) 6) 7) Col. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

nam-mah-ni énsi1agaš.KI-ke 4 ii é-ninnu AN.IM.MLMUŠEN-bar 6 -bar 6 -ra~ni mu-na-dù šà-ba gi-gun 4 -ki-ág-gá-ni šim-eren-na mu-na-ni-dù

i 5 - 7 ) Nammahani, ruler of Lagas,

ii 1 - 2 ) built his Eninnu, the White Thunderbird. ii 3 - 5 ) Therein he caused to be planted/built his beloved grove(?), (in) the scent of cedars.

3 Label of Nammahani. From Girsu and of unknown provenance; = Steible

Nammatjni 11.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2 3

4-18

Museum number AO 26692 IM 20852 Deutsches Museum München 60528 —

Publication reference dc Sarzec II pi. 37 no 10 See Edzard See Sauren

See Steible p. 383

Object Brick

Lines preseerved Ū3

Type of inscription Label

Clay cone Clay cone

1-3 1-3

Label Label

d a y c«ies

—

Label

COMMENTARY A clay cone with merely a label is extremely unusual; cf. Gudea 82 for a label on a brick. Ex. 1: 31.2x31.2 cm. Ex. 3: length 7.8 cm, top diameter 5 cm.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 62-63 no. 14a (edition) 1957 Edzard, Sumer 13 p. 174 (study of ex. 2)

1970 Sauren, Orientalia Lovancnsia Periodica 1 p. 39 (edition of ex. 3) 1991 Steible, NSBW I pp. 383-84

TEXT 1) 2) 3)

nam-mah-ni énsi1agaš.KI

1 - 3 ) Nammahani, ruler of Lagas.

197 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

4 K u s a g a d e d i c a t e s a m a c e h e a d to a deity ( n a m e b r o k e n ) on b e h a l f of N a m m a h a n i . From Girsu; = S t e i b l e N a m m a h n i 13.

COMMENTARY AO 3286, fragment of a macehead. Votive inscription type 2.


TEXT Col. 1) 2) Col. 1) 2) Col.

ï [na]m-f*mal}-nil [é]nsiii' Hagaš.KIHka-šè] kù-sa 6 -g[a] iii' (broken)

i 1—ii' 2 ) [To ...], K u s a g a , [..., d e d i c a t e d (this object) for the life] of Nammahani, ruler of Lagas.

5 Nin-hedu, daughter of the ruler Ur-Bau, dedicates a stone slab to Ningirsu on behalf of Nammahani. From Girsu; = Steible Nammahni 7.

COMMENTARY E§EM 481, round slab of speckled alabaster. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1898 Heuzey, RA 4 p. 89 (photo), p. 121 (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 64-65c (edition) 1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C7d (translation)

1974 Wilcke, CRRA 19 p. 193 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 380 (edition)

198


TEXT 1)

2) 3) 4) 5)

6) 7)

8) 9)

10) H)

12) 13) 14) 15)

d

1 - 4 ) T o Ningirsu, Enlil's mighty warrior,

nin-gír-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1fl-1á lugal-a-ni nam-tinam-mah-ni énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè nin-hé-du 7 dumu-ur- d ba-ú énsilagaš.KI-ka dam-ni ù nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-fnal-ru

5 - 1 5 ) Nin-hedu, daughter of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas, his (= N.'s) wife, dedicated (this object) for the life of Nammahani, ruler of L a g a s , and (also) for her (own) life.

Nin-kagina dedicates a female statuette to Bau on behalf of Nammahani. From Girsu; = Steible Nammahni 1.

COMMENTARY AO no. ?, lower half of a female statuette. The inscription (votive type 2) is on the lower part of the garment directly above the feet. ii 1: for ama-tu-da see J. Renger, AOAT 25 (1976), 368 n, 15. ii 7; for ne-sag see W. Heimpel, NABU 1994 no. 83.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes Í pp. 346-47 (study), p. 347 (drawing, copy), II p. LVIII (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 64-65f (edition)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA ÍIC7c (translation) 1974 Wilcke, CRRA 19 p. 193 n. 67 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 374-75 (edition)

TEXT

Col. i 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

d

ba-ú munus-sa 6 -ga dumu-an-na nin-iri-kù-ga nin-a-[n]i

i 1 - 5 ) To Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, lady of the Shining City, her lady,

199 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

6)

i 6 - i i 1, ii 7 - 8 ) Nin-kagina, his c o u s i n ( ? ) , dedicated ( t h i s o b j e c t ) , a sacristy o b j e c t , f o r t h e l i f e of N a m m a h a n i , ruler of L a g a s ,

nam-[t]i [nam-mah-ni] 7) S) énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè 9) 10) nin-k[a]-g[i]-na Col. ii 1) ama-tu-da-ni d 2) 1amma-tar-sír-sír-ra 3) kisa1- d ba-ú-ka ku 4 -ku 4 -da-ni 4) alan-e nin-gu 10 5) gèštu-ga-ni-a mu-na-ni-ru-gú 6) sískur-gu, 0 hé-na-bé 7) ne-sag 8) a mu-na-ru

ii 2 - 6 ) ( s a y i n g ) " W h e n the p r o t e c t i v e spirit of Tarsirsir is about to enter the courtyard of B a u , this s t a t u e t t e here will turn to my lady t h e r e (whispering?) into h e r ear; let it say m y p r a y e r to her."

7 Nin-kagina dedicates m a c e h e a d s to Kindazi on behalf of N a m m a h a n i . From Girsu and of unknown p r o v e n a n c e ; = Steible N a m m a h n i 4.

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1

Museum number BM 22445

2

?

3

AO 271C

Publication reference CT 1 pl. 50 b 96-6-15, 1 Cros, Tello p. 242 D Unpublished

Object Macehead

Lines preserved M4


Macehead

] 4-7 [

Votive 2

Macehead

] 2-8 [

Votive 2

COMMENTARY Ex. 2: greenish marble with white speckles. Ex. 3: light marble with red speckles. Steible notes that the last sign (and the only extant) of the ruler's name (-ni) has been destroyed in ex. 3.

BIB 1896 1907 1910 1910

See also Nammahani 11, 13 and 14 for efforts to delete the ruler's name.

R APHY

King, CT 1 pl. 50 (last) b, 96-6-15, 1 (copy of ex. 1) Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 64-65d (edition) Cros, Tello p. 242D (copy and study of ex. 2) King, History pi. facing p. 218, bottom right (photo of

1968 Solyman, Götterwaffen pl. XXVIII no. 212 (photo of ex. 1) 1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C7b (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 377-78 (edition)

ex. 1)

TEXT 1) 2)

d

kinda-zi lugal-a-ni

1 - 2 ) T o Kindazi, her master,

Nammahani

200 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

nam-tinam-ma^-ni énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè nin-ka-gi-na dumu-ka-kù-ke 4 ù nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru šíta-ba lugal-gu 10 ba-zi-ge hé-ma-da-zi-zi mu-bi

E3/1.1.12.7 3 - 1 0 ) Nin-kagina, daughter of Kaku, dedicated (this object) for the life of N a m m a h a n i , ruler of Lagas, and (also) for her (own) life.

1 1 - 1 4 ) This macehead is called "My master selected me, may he (always) stand up with me."

8 Nin-kagina dedicates a h u m a n - h e a d e d bull to N a n s e on behalf of N a m m a h a n i . Provenance unknown (Girsu?); = Steible N a m m a h n i 15.

COMMENTARY In private possession, in Los Angeles, human-headed bull of black steatite. Information courtesy of P. Michalowski apud Steible. Votive inscription type 2.

Line 4: It is extremely unusual to have the ruler's name and his title on the same line or within the same case.


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

r d lnanse n[in]-a-ni nam--tin[am-mafc-n]i [én]si-

5)

1[aga]š.KI-ka-šè-

6)

[ni]n-ka ! -gi ! -n[a]

7) 8)

[dumu]-ka-kù-keJ a mu-na-ru

1 - 2 ) For N a n s e , h e r lady, 3 - 8 ) Nin-kagina, [daughter] of K a k u , dedicated (this object) for the life of N a m m a h a n i , ruler of Lagas.

9 Nin-kagina dedicates a m a c e h e a d to a deity ( n a m e broken) on behalf of N a m m a h a n i . From Girsu; = Steible N a m m a l j n i 6.

201 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

COMMENTARY M u s e u m number ?» m a c e h e a d o f black marble with white veins. V o t i v e inscription t y p e 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1910 Cros, Tello p. 242C (copy, study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 379-80 (edition)

TEXT V) 2')

[Š1R.BUR].LA.KI-ka-šè [nin-k]a-gi-na

3') 4)

[dumu-ka]-kù-ka - -ke 4 [x x] d b a - ú [x x] r x ( x ) l - r a

50

[„J rxi

6')

[...] FX1 (broken)

l ' - 6 ' ) [To ...], [ N i n - k ] a g i n a , [ d a u g h t e r of K a ] k u , ... B a u [...], [ d e d i c a t e d ( t h i s o b j e c t ) f o r t h e l i f e of N a m m a h a n i , ruler of L a g ] a s .

9a N i n - k a g i n a d e d i c a t e s a m a c e h e a d to a deity ( n a m e b r o k e n ) on b e h a l f of N a m m a h a n i ( ? ) . F r o m Girsu; = S t e i b l e " L a g a s " 60.

COMMENTARY A O 2 7 1 D , f r a g m e n t of a m a c e h e a d o f light brown marble with w h i t e s p e c k l e s ; 4 . 3 x 4 . 7 x 2 . 3 cm.

Attribution to N a m m a h a n i is arbitrary; U r - G A R ( c f . U r - G A R 1) is an e q u a l l y likely c a n d i d a t e .

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW I pp. 425-26 (edition), 2 pl. XI (photo)

TEXT I') 2') 3') 4 ) 5')

[nin]-rkal-gi-na [dumu]-ka-fkùl-ka [...] M U [ ] [ù-nam-tì]-rial-[ni]-šè (broken)

1 - 5 ' ) [To N i n ] - k a g i n a , [ d a u g h t e r ] of K a k u , [...] ... [..., d e d i c a t e d ( t h i s o b j e c t ) f o r t h e l i f e of N a m m a h a n i ( ? ) , ruler of L a g a s , a n d ( a l s o ) ] f o r h e r ( o w n ) [life].

202


10 Nin-kagina d e d i c a t e s an a l a b a s t e r vessel to a deity ( n a m e b r o k e n ) on behalf of [ N a m m a h a n i ] . From Girsu; = Steible N a m m a h n i 19.

COM.MENTARY BM 22469, fragment of an alabaster vessel. Votive inscription type 2. Line 4': could be the end of [L]Ú.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1900 King, CT 10 pl. 2 (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 389-90 (edition)

TEXT 1') 2') 3') 4') 5') 6')

[1agaš.K]I-[ka-š]è [nin-ka-gi]-na [dumu-ka-kù(-ka)-k]e 4 [x] rX1 d ba-ú [ù na]m-ti-1a-ni-šè [a mu]-na-ru

[To ...], [Nin-kagi]na, [ d a u g h t e r of K a k u ] , ... B a u d e d i c a t e d ( t h i s o b j e c t ) [ f o r t h e l i f e of N a m m a h a n i , r u l e r of L a g a s , a n d ( a l s o ) ] f o r h e r ( o w n ) life.

11 U r - a y a b b a d e d i c a t e s two m a c e h e a d s to Ig-alim on behalf of N a m m a h a n i . From Girsu a n d of unknown p r o v e n a n c e ; = Steible N a m m a h n i 3.

CATALOGUE

Fx. 1

2

Museum number


Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Coll. Golenishev no. 5152 ?

See Shileiko

Macehead

1-8 [

Votive 2

Cros, Tello p. 241A

Macehead

] 6-11

Votive 2

203 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

COMMENTARY Exs. 1 and 2 have been combined for the transliteration. It is uncertain whether Ur-ayabba is identical with the former ruler of Lagas (see on p. 192). Line 4: The name of the ruler has been deleted in ex. 1 except for the end of the sign NI; see commentary to Nammahani 7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1910 Cros, Tello p. 241 A (photo, copy and study of ex. 2) 1921 Shileiko, Zapiski Vostocnago Otdeleniya Russkago Arkheologiceskago Obscestva 25 p. 138 (copy of ex. 1)

1971 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA I1C7f (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 376-77 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)

d

1 - 2 ) To Ig-alim, his master,

ig-raliml lugal-a-ni nam-ti[nam-mah-n]i énsi1agaš.KI-ka-šè ur-ab-ba sukkal-mah [d]umu- d utu-kam ugula-ke 4 [ù] nam-ti-1a-ni-šè [a mu]-na~ru

3 - 1 1 ) Ur-ayabba, the grand vizier, son of Utukam, the overseer, dedicated (this object) for the life of [ N a m m a h a n ] i , ruler of L a g a s , and (also) for his (own) life.

12 [Ur-ayab]ba(?) dedicates a m a c e h e a d to Kindazi on behalf of N a m m a h a n i . From Girsu; = Steible N a m m a h n i 5.

COMMENTARY Museum no. unknown, half of a macehead of bluish and white stone with red veins; height 4 cm, diameter 6 cm. Votive inscription type 2. For the possible identity of [Ur-ayab]ba(?) see commentary on Nammahani 11.

Line 7: Restore Nammahani 11.

perhaps

[ur-ab]-ba

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1910 Cros, Tello p. 242 E (copy, study)


and

cf.

204


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

d

kínda-zi lugal-a-ni nam-ti [n]am-mah-ni [PA].TE.SI[ŠIR.BU]R.LA.KI-k[a]-šè [x-x]-ba (broken)

1 - 2 ) To Kindazi, his master, 3 - 7 ) [Ur-ayab]ba(?), [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of Nammahani, ruler of Lagas.

13 N N (name broken) dedicates an alabaster vessel to Bau on behalf of Nammahani. Provenance unknown; = Steible Nammahni 18.

COMMENTARY BM 88392, fragment of an alabaster vessel. Votive inscription type 2. Steible notes that the end of line 6

has been partly erased, suggesting an effort to delete the ruler's name; cf. Nammafcani 7, 11 and 14.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1922 BM Guide p. 86 no. 78 (study) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 388-89 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

[d]rbal-lul [munus-s]a 6 -ga [dum]u-an-na [ni]n-a-ni [nam]-ti[nam-mah-n]i [é]nsi(broken)

1 - 4 ) To Bau, the beautiful woman, daughter of An, his/her lady,

5 - 7 ) [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of [Nammahan]i, ruler [of Lagas].

14 N N (name broken) dedicates a chlorite bowl to Nin-subur on behalf of Nammahani. From Girsu; = Steible Nammahni 9.

205 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

COMMENTARY AO 3285, fragment of a chlorite bowl; height 11 cm. Votive inscription type 2. Line 4: Cf. note on Nammahani 13 line 6.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 44 b i s 5 (photo) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 381-82 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

d

nin-subur digir-ra-ni nam-ti[nam-m]ah-ni [éns]i-[1agaš.KI-kaHšè1 (broken)

1 - 2 ) To Nin-subur, his/her (personal) god/goddess, 3 - 5 ) [..., dedicated (this object)] for the life of Nammahani, ruler of [Lagas].

15 N N (name broken) dedicates a male statuette to Nin-subur on behalf of Nammahani(?). From Girsu; = Steible Nammahni 17.

COMMENTARY AO 310, fragment of torso of a male alabaster statuette, carrying a sacrificial kid; 6x4.7x2.6 cm. Col. i is on the back; col. ii must have been on the lower part. Votive

inscription type 2. The attribution to Nammahani is not certain,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 6 b i s no. 3 (photo of front) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 189 fig. 40k (drawing of front)

1981 Spycket, Statuaire p. 197 with nos. 68^69 (study), photo 133 (front) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 387-88 (edition), 2 pl. IX (photo of back)

206


TEXT Col i d nin-subur 1) 2) digir-a-ni 3) nam-ftiL 4) [nam-mah-ni(?)] 5) ïénsil6) [lagas]ï.KI-ka-sèl Col. ii (broken)

i 1 - 6 ) T o Nin-subur, his/her (personal) god/goddess, f..., d e d i c a t e d ( t h i s o b j e c t ) ] f o r t h e l i f e [of Namma1jani(?)], ruler [of Lagas].

16 NN ( n a m e broken) dedicates a m a c e h e a d to a deity ( n a m e not p r e s e r v e d ) on b e h a l f of [ N a m m a h a n i ( ? ) ] . P r o v e n a n c e u n k n o w n ; = S t e i b l e N a m m a h a n i 16.

COMMENTARY AO 271, fragment of a diorite(?) macehead. Votive inscription type 2. Steible tentatively attributes this inscription to Nammahani because of the (vague)

similarity of the ex-voto name with that of Nammahani 7. I have followed him with all due reservation.


TE 1') 2')

[Ù] Inam1-[ti-1a-ni-šè] a mu-n[a-ru]

3') 4') 5')

GIS.rtukull-ba lugal-gu 10 ba-zi-ge ! (ZI) mu-bi

1 - 2 ' ) [To ..., ...], d e d i c a t e d (this object) [for the life of N a m m a h a n i ( ? ) , ruler of Lagas, and (also)] for [his (own)] life. 3 ' - 5 ' ) This w e a p o n is called " M y m a s t e r s e l e c t e d me."

17 Nin-hedu, N a m m a h a n P s wife, dedicates m a c e h e a d s to Sul-sagana. From Girsu a n d of unknown provenance; = Steible N a m m a h n i 10.

207 Nammahani E3/1.1.12.10

CATALOGUE

Ex. 1 2 3

Museum number


AO 309 VA 3042

de Sarzec II VAS 1 no. 12 Cros, Tello p. 241 B

?

Object

Lines preserved

Type of inscription

Macehead Macehead Macehead

1-13 } 6-12 [ 1-3 [

Votive 1 Votive 1 Votive 1

COMMENTARY Ex. 2: Dark grey stone with Light speckles; height 10 cm, Line 8: -ka is missing.

Ex, 3: Bluish marble with white speckles; diameter 6.5 cm. Attribution of ex. 3 is not beyond doubt.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1884-1912

de Sarzec, Découvertes II p. LVIH (copy) 1907 Messerschmidt, VAS 1 p. V no. 12 (study), pi. 7 no. 12 (copy) 1907 Thureau-Dangin, SAK pp. 64-65e (edition) 1910 Cros, Tello p. 241 B (photo, copy)

1948 Parrot, Tello p. 146 with n. 28 (study) 1968 Solyman, Götterwaffen pl. XXXIX no. 240 top (photo of ex. 3; lower part does not belong with it) 1971 Sollberger and Küpper, 1RS A I1C7e (translation) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 382-83 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

d

šuI-šà-ga-na dumu-ki-ágd nin-gír-su-ka lugal-a-ni nin-hé-du 7 dam-n[am-mah]-ni lensfllagaš.KI-ka dumu-ur- d ba-ú énsi1agaš.KI-ka-ke 4 nam-ti-1a-ni-šè a mu-na-ru

1 - 4 ) T o S u l - s a g a n a , b e l o v e d son of Ningirsu, h e r lord,

5 - 1 1 ) Nin-fcedu, w i f e of N a m m a h a n i , ruler of L a g a s , daughter of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagas,

12-13) dedicated (this object) for her life.

Hala-Bau KJ

E3/1.1.0

1001 Q a l a - B a u dedicates a m a c e h e a d to Šu1-šaga. P r o v e n a n c e unknown; = Steible " L a g a š " 43.

COMMENTARY It is not certain whether this inscription belongs to the time of the Gudea dynasty. This {Jala-Bau, wife of Lugal-irida, is, at any rate, different from gala-Bau, wife of Ur-Lamma, in Steible's Amarsucn 17.

Kelsey Museum, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, no. 89538, macehead; height ca. 5.1 cm, average diameter 6.5 cm. Votive inscription type 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible NSBW 1 pp. 413-14 (edition)

1966 Cameron, JCS 20 p. 125 (study) 1966 Stolpcr apud Cameron, JCS 20 p. 125 (copy)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

šul-šà-ga dumu-ki-ágd nin-gír-su-ka lugal-a-ni

1 - 4 ) T o ŠuI-šaga, the beloved son of Ningirsu, her lord,

5) 6) 7) 8)

ha ! -1a- d ba-ú dam-lugal-iri-da-ke 4 [n]am-ti-1a-ni-šè [a] mu-na-ru

5 - 8 ) y a l a - B a u , w i f e of Lugal-irida, d e d i c a t e d (this o b j e c t ) for her life.

208

Unidentified Persons E3/1.1.0 The following fragments, Unidentified 1002-1027, are offered mainly for statistical purposes regarding names of gods, persons, or ex-votos. For fragments lacking these minimal characteristics, see Steible pp. 391-430 and the concordance on pp. 230-31.

1002

A O 15392 ( T G 90), f r a g m e n t of an alabaster vessel. From Girsu; Steible " L a g a š " 40.

BIB

LIOGRAPHY


TEXT 1)

2) 3) 4)

[ d ]ba-u [munus]-sa tì -ga [dum]u-an-na [nin-iri]-rkù-ga1 (broken)

1 - 4 ) F o r B a u , t h e b e a u t i f u l [woman], child of An, [lady] of the Shining [City ...]

1003 A O 2/2, 4, f r a g m e n t of an alabaster vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s "

2.

COMMENTARY The fragment may actually be part of the Ur III corpus, because "lady of the Eanna"" is unattested as an epithet

of Inanna in the Gudea corpus. Cf. for nin-é-an-na Steible, NSBW 2 Urnammu 13:2. Sulgi 11:2 and 42:2.


209

Unidentified E3/1.1.0.1003

210

TEXT 1) 2)

r^1inan[na] [nin]-é-a[n-na] (broken)

1 - 2 ) For Inanna, [lady] of Eanna, [...].

1004 A O 166, f r a g m e n t of a small onyx vase. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s "

58.

COMMENTARY The fragment may actually be part of the Ur III corpus; see Steible's commentary.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible NSBW 1 p. 424 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2)

[ d 1amma-tar]-sír-sír-ra [ d ba-ú] nin-a- (broken)

1005 A O 12775 M ( T G 3601), m a c e h e a d f r a g m e n t . F r o m Girsu; = Steible "Lagas" 24.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 133 (study), pl. XLI (copy)


TEXT 1) 2) 3)

[ d mes]-lam-ta-rèl-a [lugal-aj-fnil [...] rxl (broken)

1 - 2 ) For [Mes]lamta-ea, his [master ...]

229 Unidentified E3/1.1.0.1003

1006 A O 12920 ( T G 4063), diorite f r a g m e n t . From Girsu; = Steible "Lagas" 68.

COMMENTARY The inscription perhaps has to be added to the Nanše inscriptions Gudea 25-29.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 135 (study)


TEXT 1) 2)

d

nanše nin-uru l 6 (broken)

1 - 2 ) For Nanse, the powerful lady, [...]

1007 A O 2886f, f r a g m e n t of a limestone vessel; 4.8x4.0x1.5 cm. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 29.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 405 (edition), 2 pl. X (photo)

TEXT 1) 2)

d

nin-fél-[gal] nin-a-[ni] (broken)

1 - 2 ) For Nin-e[gala, his] lady, [...]

212


1008 NN ( n a m e broken) dedicates a limestone vessel to Ningirsu on behalf of [U]r~[...]. From Girsu; - Steible " L a g a s " 31.

COMMENTARY AO 2886i, fragment of a limestone vessel; 4.2x6.2x2 cm. Votive inscription type 2. Either Ur-Ningirsu I or II or Ur-

GAR in the Gudea corpus is a possible beneficiary of the dedication.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 406 (edition), 2 pl. X (photo)

TEXT

1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-gir-[su] pu]gal-[a-ni] nam-[ti]-

1 - 4 ) T o Ningir[su his] m a s t e r , [... d e d i c a t e d (this object) for] the life of Ur-[...].

[u]r-[...]

(broken)

1009 F r a g m e n t of a limestone m a c e h e a d displaying a lion's f a c e . From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 57.

COMMENTARY AO 133 A. Lines 1 - 3 are between the eyes of the lion.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1884-1912 de Sarzec, Découvertes II pl. 26 no. 8 (photo) 1948 Parrot, Tello p. 197 fig. 42b (drawing)


TEXT 1) 2) 3)

d

nin-gir-su ur-sag-kal-gad en-1í1-1á (broken)

1 - 3 ) For Ningirsu, the mighty warrior of Enlil, [...]


1010 F r a g m e n t of a limestone b o w l From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 59.

COMMENTARY AO 196c. The inscription is on the bottom of the bowl.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW pp. 424-25 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

1 ^ ) For Ningirsu, the mighty warrior of E[n1i1, his] master, [...]

nin-gi[r-su] ur-sag-ka[l-ga] d e[n-1fl-1á] 1uga[1-a-ni] (broken)

1011 N N ( n a m e b r o k e n ) d e d i c a t e s a n alabaster cup to LAL-burduga on behalf of ruler N N ( n a m e b r o k e n ) . From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 52.

COMMENTARY AO 16652, fragment of an alabaster cup. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1947 Nougayrol, RA 41 pp. 26 and 28 (edition), p. 27 (copy)


TEXT 1) 2)

d

3) 4)

[nam-t]i'[...]Txì (broken)

LÀL-bur-du,o-ga [digir]-ra-ni

1 - 3 ) F o r L A L - b u r d u g a , h i s / h e r ( p e r s o n a l ) [god, ... d e d i c a t e d (this) object for] the life [ o f . . . ]


214

1012 A O 12108 D ( T G 187), small f r a g m e n t of an alabaster vase. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 65.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II pp. 117 and 135 (study)


TEXT 1)

[ d ]rnin-hur-sagl (broken)

1013 Fragmentary inscription on a steatite plaque. From Girsu(?); = Steible " L a g a s " 15.

COMMENTARY AO 2761, upper right part of a steatite plaque, with double frame, displaying a seated woman; 14x6 cm. The traces at the beginning of col. ii are best recognizable

in Parrot, Sumer photo 287, and Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 117b.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1961 Parrot, Sumer photo 287 1975 Orthmann, Der Alte Orient photo 117 b 1980 Amiet, Art of the Ancient Near East photo 396

1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 398 (edition) n.d. S trommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamia photo 129 (right)

TEXT Col i

1)

d

nin-sun

(broken)

Col. ii 1) TxxUD.DUl (broken)


1014 F r a g m e n t of a diorite vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 16.

COMMENTARY A O 12775 A (TG 4 0 1 4 ) . Votive inscription type 2. The inscription may not belong to the Gudea corpus and may be of a more recent date; s e e Steible's commentary.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 134 (study), pl. X U (copy)


TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4)

d

nin-šubur [suk]kal-an-na [digir]-ra-a-ni [na]m-ti(broken)

1 - 4 ) T o N i n - s u b u r , m e s s e n g e r of A n , h i s / h e r (personal) [deity], [... dedicated (this object) for] the life [ o f . . . ]

1015 F r a g m e n t of a steatite vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 27.

COMMENTARY A O 2886d; 2.7x3.5x1.3 cm. S e e also commentary on A n o n y m o u s 13.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 404-405 (edition), 2 pl. X (photo)

TEXT 1') 2') 3')

d

s[ul-...] digir-ra-[ni] UD.DU-a Ix1-[x] (broken or end?)

216


1016 A O 2886 k, f r a g m e n t of a limestone vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 33.


TEXT 1)

d

u t u ( I x l ) [...] (broken)

1017 Ad-[...] dedicates an alabaster vessel to a goddess ( n a m e broken) on behalf of ruler NN ( n a m e broken). From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 37.

COMMENTARY A O 2886p, fragment of an alabaster vessel. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 409-10 (edition), 2 pi. XXII (copy)

TEXT Col. V) 2') 3) 4) 5') 6') Col. 1)

i nin-[a-ni] nam-[ti-...] PA.T[E.SI]ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI-ka-šè] ad-[..J ga-e[s 8 ...] ii lù naml-[ti-la-ni-sè] (broken)

i l ' - i i 1) [To his] lady, Ad[...], the s e a f a r i n g merchant [... dedicated (this object)] for the life of [...], ruler of Lagas, and (also) [for his (own)] life.


1018 Fragment of a stone vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 14.

COMMENTARY AO 216. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 397 (edition), 2 pi. XXII (copy)

TEXT [Š]IR.[BUR.LA.KI-ka-šè] D[U...] sukkal [...] (broken)

1019 Fragment of an alabaster vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 62.

COMMENTARY AO 4441, fragment of a vessel of light alabaster; 8x6.5x1 cm. Votive inscription type 2. According to Toscanne, the material is white marble.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1908 Toscanne, RT 30 p. 122 c (copy, edition) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 426 (edition), 2 pl. XII (photo)

TEXT [ŠIR.BU]R.LA[.KI]-ka-šè 1ú-dšára nu-bànda dumu-gù-dé-a nu-bànda-ke 4 lu nam1-[ti-1a-ni-šè] (broken)

l ' - 6 ' ) [To ...], Lu-Šara, the inspector, son of G u d e a , the inspector, [dedicated (this object) for the life of ruler] of Lagas, and (also) [for his (own)] life.


218

1020 F r a g m e n t of a n a l a b a s t e r v a s e . F r o m Girsu; Steible " L a g a s " 66.

COMMENTARY AO 12108 F (TG 1248). Votive inscription type 2 (?).

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 129 (study), pi. XL (copy)


TEXT 1') 2') 3') 4')

PA.[TE.SI]ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI(-ka-šè)] [ME?].DIM.[...] [x]Tx1[...] (broken)

1021 A O 12108 A ( T G 2 2 3 ) , f r a g m e n t of a steatite statuette. F r o m Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 63.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 128 (study), pi. XL (copy)


TEXT V) 2') 3') 4')

W[..J nin-1ú-[...] ïa mul-n[a-ru] rxxl[...] (broken)


1022 Ur-Bau, the merchant, dedicates a steatite bowl to a deity ( n a m e b r o k e n ) on behalf of ruler N N ( n a m e broken). From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 51.

COMMENTARY AO 4643, fragment of a steatite bowl; height 9 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1910 Cros, Tello p. 250 bottom (photo), p. 251 (study)

1991 Steible. NSBW 1 pp. 419-20 (edition)

TEXT 1') T) 3') 4) 5') 6 ) 7') 8')

[PA].ITEl[SI][1]agaš.KI-ka šè ur- d ba-ú dumu-ŠEŠ-ŠEŠ dam-gàr-ke 4 [a m]u-na-ru [n]a 4 digir-gu l 0 [t]i al ba-ni-du,, mu-bi

1—5') [To ...], Ur-Bau, son of Š., the merchant, h a s d e d i c a t e d (this o b j e c t ) [for the l i f e of ...], ruler of Lagas.

6 - 8 ' ) (This) stone ( b o w l ) is c a l l e d " M y (personal) god requested life."

1023 Ur-Sulpaea dedicates a diorite vessel to deity N N on behalf of ruler N N ( n a m e s broken). From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 22.

COMMENTARY AO 12775C (TG 2626), fragment of a diorite vessel; 3.4x4.4x6 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1936 de Genouillac, FT II p. 131 (study), pl. XLI (copy)

1991 Steible, NSBW 1 p. 402 (edition), 2 pl. IX (photo)

220


TEXT 1') 2')

[1]agaš.KI-ka-šè [u]r-iŠu1-pa-rè1-[a] (broken)

1024 A O 174, f r a g m e n t of a stone vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 10.


TEXT r)

ur- d [...] (broken)

1025 F r a g m e n t of a stone vessel. From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 46.

COMMENTARY YBC 2300, fragment of a vessel of white marble; height ca. 13 cm, greatest diameter 14 cm, greatest thickness of wall 5.5 cm. Votive inscription type 2.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1937 Stephens, YOS 9 p. 6 no. 11 (study) no. 11 (copy)


TEXT 1') 2') 3')

4') 5')

[nam-t]i-1a-ni-šè [n]am-ti-dam-dumu-na-šè a mu-na-ru

1 - 3 ' ) [To ] d e d i c a t e d (this o b j e c t ) for his life ( a n d ) the life of his wife a n d children.

bur-ba [n]in-gu l0 ba-zi-(GI)-ge mu-bi

4 - 5 ' ) This bowl is c a l l e d " M y lady selected m e . "


1026 M u s é e d e s Antiquités, R o u e n no. 4737 ( T G 5 7 0 ) f r a g m e n t of ( t h e u p p e r rim o f ) a n a l a b a s t e r v a s e . From Girsu; = Steible " L a g a s " 56.


TEXT I') 2')

igimu-ši-in-gá1 èn ka-mu-tar-re

3')

fmu-bil

l ' - 3 ' ) [ T h i s ... is c a l l e d "...] l o o k e d a t m e . M a y h e / s h e c a r e for m e / '

1027 I M 4 2 0 8 5 , f r a g m e n t of a diorite m a c e h e a d ; 5 . 3 x 4 . 5 x 3 . 3 c m . P r o v e n a n c e u n k n o w n ; = S t e i b l e " L a g a s " 69.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1959 Edzard, Sumer 15 p. 26 no. 11 (edition), pi. 4 (after p. 28) (copy) 1991 Steible, NSBW 1 pp. 429-30 (edition)

TEXT T) 2')

ba-an-zi-ge mu-bi

1 —2') [This ...] is c a l l e d ["...] s e l e c t e d m e . "


Catalogue of Types of Inscribed Objects The corpus of the Gudea dynasty inscriptions is unique in its textual richness a n d t h e variety of inscribed objects. In m a n y cases, t h e s a m e inscription is found on quite d i f f e r e n t objects, as m a n y as six (block, brick, s t a m p e d brick, clay c o n e , door socket, stone tablet) in the c a s e of G u d e a 37. It s e e m e d , t h e r e f o r e , to b e u s e f u l to present a table that s h o w s the distribution of the inscriptions on their respective objects. O n e can s e e at a glance, for example, that only six gods w e r e presented with m a c e h e a d s and that Ig-alim r e c e i v e d t h e m on five d i f f e r e n t occasions.

Type of object Base Basin Block

Bowl (see also Cup, Footed bowl, Vessel)

Brick, baked, with written inscription

Ruler Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

10 58 59 37

T y p e of inscription Votive 1 Votive 1

[...]

Building

Ur-Bau 8

Votive 1

Ur-Bau 11 Ur-Bau 12

Votive 2

Gudea 34 Gudea 66

Votive 1 Votive 1

Gudea 84 Ur-Mama 1 Nammahani 14 Unidentified 1010 Unidentified 1022 Pirig-me 1 Ur-Bau 1 Ur-Bau 3 Ur-Bau 4

[...] [••J

Lamma-tarsi rsirra Bau —

Nin-dara Nin-gišzida

[...]

Material Dolerite Limestone Limestone Limestone

— .

Also on brick, stamped brick clay cone, door ocket, stone tablet

Marble Limestone

—

—

Limestone

Inscr. by daughter of Ur-Bau Also on macehead Also on door socket, vessel —

Limestone Onyx Chlorite Limestone Steatite

—

—

—

1 3 11 12 18 22 24 26 31 37

Building Building Building Building Building Building Building Building Building Building

Bau Bau Gatumdu Gatumdu Inanna [Inanna] Meslamta-ea Nanse Nin-dara Ningirsu

—

Gudea 39

Building

Ningirsu

—

223

—

—

Votive 2 Building Building Building Building

[-]

Remarks —

Stone

Ninmarki Nin-subur Ningirsu i..] Ningirsu Bau Ningirsu Ningirsu

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

Votive 2 Votive 2

God or goddess Enlil Ningirsu Ningirsu Ningirsu

—

— — —

Also on clay cone —

—

— —

Also door Also Also Also

on clay cone, socket on stamped brick on clay cones on clay cones

_

—

—

—

—

—

—

Also on clay cone Also on clay cone Also on clay cone Also on block, stamped brick, clay cone, door socket, stone tablet

— — —

__

224

T y p e of object

Brick, circular or partly rounded Brick stamp Brick, stamped

Bronze peg

Bull, human-headed

Clay cone

Catalogue - Objects

Ruler

T y p e of inscription

God or goddess

Gudea 42

Building

Ningirsu

Gudea 43 Gudea 46 Gudea 48


Ningirsu Ningirsu Ningirsu

—

—

—

—

Gudea 49 Gudea 62 Gudea 63 Gudea 64 Gudea 82 Ur-N E 2 Nammahani 2 Nammahani 3 Gudea 44 Ur-N. II3 Ur-N. II2 Gudea 1 Gudea 25

Building Building Building Building Label Building Building Label Building Building Building Building Building

Ningirsu Nin-giszida Nin-gišzida Nin-gišzida

—

—

—

Gudea 35 Gudea 37

Material

Remarks Also on bronze peg, clay cone

—

Also on clay cone, door socket

—

Also on clay cone Also on clay cone Also on stone tablets

—

—

—

Ningirsu Ningirsu

—

Also on brick stamp

—

—

—

—

—

Ningirsu Ningirsu Ningirsu Bau Nanše

—

—

—

—

—

Building Building

Nin-duba Ningirsu

—

Also on brick Also on brick Also on bronze peg, stone tablet Also on clay cone Also on block, brick, door socket, clay cones, stone tablet

Ur-N. 11 Gudea 16

Building Building

Ninmarki Ig-alim

—

—

—

Also on clay cone, stone tablet

Gudea 21 Gudea 25

Building Building

Inanna Nanse

—

—

—

Gudea 41

Building

Ningirsu

—

Gudea 42

Building

Ningirsu

—

Also stamped brick, stone tablet Also on clay cone, door socket, stone tablet Also on brick, clay cone

Ur-N. 14 Gudea 15 Ur-GAR

Votive 2 [Votive 1?] Votive 2

—

—

Steatite

—

—

—

Nammahani 8 Ur-Bau 1 Ur-Bau 4

Votive 2 Building Building

Lamma Bau Hendur-sanga Lamma-tarsirsirra Nanse Bau Ningirsu

Black steatite

—

—

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

3 6 8 9 11 16

Building Building Building Building Building Building

Bau Bau Dumuzi-abzu Enki Gatumdu Ig-alim

—

Also on brick Also on brick, door socket Also on brick

—

—



Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

Building Building Building Building Building Building Building

24 26 28 29 30 31 35

—

— —

—

—

—

—

—

—

— —

Also on brick Also on bronze peg, stone tablet

Inanna Inanna Inanna

—

—

—

—

—

Meslamta-ea Nanse Nanse Nanse Nin-azu Nin-dara Nin-duba

— —

Also on bronze peg, stone tablet Also on brick Also on brick

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Also on brick Also on stamped brick

—

225 Catalogue - Objects

Type of object

Clay pipe Cone (see Clay, Stone cone) Cup Cylinder

Door socket

Footed bowl

Lion

Macehead

Ruler

Type of inscription

God or goddess

Gudea 37

Building

Ningirsu



Ningirsu Ningirsu Ningirsu

Gudea 42

Building

Ningirsu

_

Gudea 48

Building

Ningirsu

—

Gudea 51 Gudea 62 Gudea 63 Gudea 67 Gudea 68 Gudea 70 Gudea 72 Gudea 73 Gudea 88 Nammahani 3 Gudea 80

Building Building Building Building Building Building Building Building

Ningirsu Nin-giszida Nin-gišzida Nin-bursanga Nin-hursanga Ninmarki Nink-šubur Šu1-šaga

—

—

Also on stone tablets

[..J

—

—

—

Also on brick

—

—

—

Alabaster Clay Clay Clay

Anonymous Gudea CylA Gudea CylB Gudea(?) 86 Ur-Bau 2 Ur-Bau 4

[...]

Label ?

Material

Remarks Also on block, brick, stamped brick, door socket, stone tablet

—

—

—

—

—

— —

Also on bronze peg, door socket, stone tablet Also on brick, bronze

peg

Also on socket Also on Also on Also on

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

brick, door stone slab brick brick

Votive 2

LAL-burduga

—

—

—

—

—

—

Building Building

Enki Ningirsu

—

Gudea 27 Gudea 37

Building Building

Nanse Ningirsu

—

—

—

Gudea 41

Building

Ningirsu

—

Gudea 48

Building

Ningirsu

_

Gudea 54 Gudea 66 Ur-N. II1 Nammahani 1 Gudea 55

See note Ningirsu Votive 1 Nin-giszida See note Ningirsu See note Bau Building + votive Ningirsu i Votive 2 Bau Building Gatumdu Building Ningirsu

Also on block, brick, stamped brick, clay conc, stone tablet Also on bronze peg, clay cone, stone tablet Also on brick, clay cone nam-ti-1a-ni-šè ... gub Also on bowl, vessel mu-na-dim mu-na-dim Or stand

Gudea 90 Gudea 11a Gudea 52 Ur-N. 15 Ur-Bau 7 Gudea 17 Gudea 33 Gudea 34 Gudea 56 Gudea 61 Gudea(?) 79 Gudea 81 Gudea 93 Gudea 98

Votive 2 Votive 1 Votive 1 Votive 1 Votive 1 Votive 1 [Votive 1] Votive 1

[.[...]] Votive 1

[...]

Ig-alim Ig-alim Nin-dara Nin-dara Ningirsu Ningirsu w u Ig-alim Ig-alim

—

—

—

Diorite — —

Black schist Limestone

— —

— —

—

Also on brick, clay cone

—

Note additional line 9 Note additonal line ii 7

—

—

Marble Granite Marble

— —

—

—

Also on bowl

Marble Limestone Dark stone Marble

—

—

—

Grey stone

Inscr. by Gudea's wife

— — —

226

Type of object

Catalogue -

Ruler

Type of inscription

Gudea 100 Ur-N. 115 Ur-GAR 1 Nammahani 4 Nammahani 7 Nammahani 9 Nammahani(?)

Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive

3 1 2 2 2 2 2

Oa 7a

Nammahani 11 Nammahani 12 Nammahani(?) iI fi u Nammahani 17

Statue

Ningirsu Šu1-šagana

[-]

Kindazi

[-] [-]

Material

Remarks

Limestone Dark grey stone

—

—

—

—

—

Marble

—

—

—

—

—

Inscr. by Gudea7s son

Ig-alim Kindazi

[...]

—

—

—

—

Votive 1

Šu1-šagana

—

Inscr. by wife of Nammahani

[...]

Šu1-šaga Meslamta-ea Ningirsu

—

—

Limestone Limestone

—

—

—

—

—

[.-]

Relief Relief plaque (see Plaque) Seal Seashell Spout of libation cup Stand

God or goddess


Öala-Bau 1 Votive 1 Unidentified 1005 Unidentified 1009 Unidentified 1027 u Peg (see Bronze peg) Plaque

Objects

Ur-N. 12

"Sammelinschrift" Ur-N. 16 Votive 2 Gudea 60 U Gudea 74 Building Unidentified 1013 M Votive 2 Gudea 92

[...]

.—

—

—

— —

Ninsun Bau

Limestone Gypsum Steatite Limestone

— .

—

—

— .

—

—

Nin-izimua

Steatite

—

Bau Ningirsu

[...]

— — —

Gudea 83a Ur-N. 11 9 Gudea 69

Label Label Votive 1/2

(Gudea 55) Gudea 91 Ur-Bau 5

—

—

—

See Footed bowl

Votive 2 "Sammelinschrift"

Geštin-anna Ningirsu et al.

Limestone Diorite

—

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

StA StB StC StD StE StF StG StH StI StK "StL" StM

—

Nin-ûrsanga Ningirsu Inanna Ningirsu Bau Gatumdu Ningirsu Bau Nin-gišzida [Ningirsu]

Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Diorite Alabaster or paragonite

—

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

StN StO StP StQ StR

— — — —

— — — — — — —

Geštin-anna

—

Geštin-anna GeŠtin-anna Nin-gišzida Nin-gišzida [-1

— — — —

Gudea(?) "StS"

—

Gudea(?) "StT"

—

[.. ] [•]

?

Steatite Diorite or gabbro Diorite Diorite Limestone —

—

— —

— — — — —

— —

Unidentified object —

— — —

—

Privileges granted to Nam(ma)bani Reconstruction doubtful —

227 Catalogue - Objects

Type of object

T y p e of inscription

Ruler Gudea StU

Statuette

Stele

Gudea(?) StV Gudea StW Gudea StX Gudea StY Gudea StZ Gudea StAA Ur-N. II6 Ur-N. II 10 Gudea 94 Gudea 99 Ur-N. II7 Ur-N. D 8 Ur-GAR 2 Nammaliani 6 Nammahani 15 Unidentified 1021

God or goddess U

[.»]

[...]

— — —

Meslamta-ea [...i

—

[...]

—

[••;]

—

— .

Nin-giszida

Label Votive Votive M Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive

—

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

[•«]

Material Uralite-quartzdolerite Diorite Diorite Diorite Limestone Diorite Limestone Diorite Diorite

Remarks

—

—

.— •— — —

— —

Nin-egalla N[in-.,.] Nin-gišzida Nin-gišzida

—

Bau Nin-Šubur U

—

—

—

—

Steatite

Identification of object not certain

[Bau]

—

—

[...]

—

Limestone Diorite Gypsum Stone

Inscr. by Gudea's wife — — —

7 65 83 85 87 53

Captions Label M U

Stone cone

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

?

Ningirsu

Gypsum Limestone Limestone Limestone Limestone Agate

Stone slab

Gudea 76 Gudea 2

Votive 1 Building

r...i Bau

Limestone Limestone

Gudea 51 Nammafeani 5 Ur-N. 13 Ur-Bau 6 Gudea 2

Building Votive 2 Votive 2 Building Building

Ningirsu Ningirsu Ninmarki Ningirsu Bau

Limestone Alabaster Marble Marble Limestone

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

4 5 13 14 16

Building Building Building Building Building

Bau Bau Gatumdu Çendur-sanga Ig-alim

Gudea 21

Building

Inanna

Limestone

Gudea 25

Building

Nanse

—

Gudea 32 Gudea 37

Building Building

Nin-dara Ningirsu

Steatite

—

—

Gudea 41

Building

Ningirsu

—

Also on brick, stamped brick, block, clay cone, door socket Also on bronze peg, clay cone, door socket

Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea Gudea

Building Building Building Building Building Building Building Votive 1 Building

Ningirsu Ningirsu Nin-giszida Nin-subur Sul-saga M Ningirsu Ningirsu Nin-giszida

—

—

—

—

Stone tablet

Threshold Unidentified object

47 50 64 71 73 75 45 57 63

—

[...]

—

—

—

Limestone Alabaster —

Limestone Black serpentine Limestone Steatite

— — — —

No pendant; see comm. on Gudea 53 Also on stone tablet, vessel Also on clay cone Round slab —

—

Also on stone slab, vessel —

•— —

Also on bronze peg, clay cone Also on bronze peg, clay cone Also on bronze peg, stamped brick

Also on brick —

Also on clay cone —

—

—

Stone

—

—

Also on brick, clay cone, door socket

Catalogue - Objects

228

Type of object

Type of inscription

Ruler

[...]

Vessel (see also Bowl, Cup, Footed bowl, Spout of libation cup)

Unidentified 1006 Gudea "StR" Ur-Bau 9 Votive 1 Ur-Bau 10 Votive 2 Ur-Bau 13

(see Plaque)

Material

Remarks

Nanse

Diorite

— •

—

See under Statues —

[«•]

Gudea 2

Building

Bau

Stone Alabaster Vessel fragments of different stones Obsidian

Gudea 23 Gudea 36


Inanna Nin-egalla Nin-giszida

Alabaster Stone Steatite

—

Marble Alabaster Marble Marble Alabaster Alabaster Stone Alabaster Alabaster Alabaster Alabaster Onyx

—

Limestone Limestone Alabaster Diorite Steatite Limestone Alabaster Stone Alabaster Alabaster Diorite Stone Marble Alabaster

—

[•••]

Gudea 66

Votive plaque

God or goddess

Gudea 77 Gudea 78 Gudea 89 Gudea 95 Gudea 96 Gudea 97 Ur-N. 114 Nammahani Nammahani Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified

Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive

1 1 2 2 2 2

10 Votive 2 13 Votive 2 1002 [..J 1003 1004

Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified Unidentified

1007 1008 1012 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1023 1024 1025 1026

[~J

[...] U]

Votive 2

U

Votive 2

Votive Votive Votive Votive Votive

U1

[-]

[.. ]

Bau Ninmarki N[in-...J

[..] [...]

Ningirsu

[.»]

H [•••]

[„.]

2 2 2 2(?) 2

Votive 2 Votive ?

Bau Bau Inanna [Lamma-tar]sirsirra Nin-egalla Ningirsu Nin-Jiursanga Nin-subur Š[u1,..] Utu(...)

[...] [..J

M [-.J

[...] [...] [..J [-]

— .

Inscr. by daughter of Ur-Bau Also on stone slab, stone tablet —

Also on bowl, door socket — — — — — — — — —

— —

— — — — — —

_ — —

—

—

_ —

Concordances of Selected Publications Edzard, RIME 3/1 / Steible, NSBW — Gudea Inscriptions RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

I

8 9

26 27 28

29 31 32 33 92 36, 38 37 34 35 39 40 48 49a

52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

94 54 61 60 44 55 43 42 62 63 64 67 68 66 65 70 69 89

78 79

80

97 79 87

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89

98 76 77 96 80 78 95 99 2

90 91 92 93

3 16 1 21 41

2 3 4 5 6

7 8

9 10 11

11a 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

7 6 4 5 88 10 11 12 15 13

15a 14 17 18

19 20

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

26

44 45

25

46

24 91

47 48 49 40 51

23

27

28 30

49 50 51 52

53 47

57 45 45a 46

58 59 56

77

72 73 74 75 83 82 93 86

94 95 96 97 98 99

71 85 84 22

81

100

90

Steible, NSBW / Edzard, RIME 3/1 — Gudea Inscriptions NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

1

92 89 90 5 6 4 3 1 2 8 9 10 11a 13 11 12 91 14 15 16 17 93 98 18 21 20 19

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 45a 46 47 48 49 49a 50 51

23 24 26 25 27 28 29 33 34 31 32 31 35 36 94 59 58 56 46 47 48 44 37 39 38 40 41

52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

42 43 53 57 51 45 49 50 55 54 60 61 62 66 65 63 64 68 67 95 70 71 72

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

79 85 99 75 74 97 96 77 80 7 69 100 22 30 76 52 87 84 78 81 88

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

15a 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

73

74 75 76 77

78

229

73

82 83 86

Concordance

230

Edzard, RIME 3/1 / Steible, NSBW — Non-Gudea Inscriptions RIME 3/1 Ur-Ningirsu 1 2 3 4 5 6

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

4 6 3 2 5 1

6 7 8 9 11 12 13

8 13 5 10 2 2 11

9 10

9 10

1 4 15

Ur-GAR 1 2 3

1 2 3

Ur-Mama 1

1

Nammahani 1 2 3 4 5

2 8 11 13 7

6 7 8 9 9a 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

I

Pirig-me 1

1

Ur-Bau 1 2 3 4 5

3 4 6 7 1

Ur-Ningirsu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

II 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8

6 'Lagas' 19 3 5 18 9 17 16 10

Steible, N S B W / E d z a r d , E I M E 3 / 1 -— Non-Gudea Inscriptions NSBW

RIME 3/1

Ur-Ningirsu 1 2 3 4 5 6

I 6 4 3 1 5 2

Pirig-me 1

1

Ur-Bau 1 2 3 4 5

5 11 1 2 8

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

6 7 8 9 11 12 13

3 4 6 10 13 12 7

9 10

9 10

Ur-GAR 1 2 3

1 2 3

Ur-Ningirsu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

II 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8

Ur-Mama 1

1

Nammahani 1 2 3 4 5

6 1 11 7 12

NSBW 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

RIME 3/1 9 5 2 14 17 3 —

4

__ 8 16 15 13 10

Edzard,t RIME 3/1 / Steible, N S B W -— Anonymous Fragments RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

40 2 58 24 68 29 31

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

57 59 52 65 15 16 27

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

33 37 14 62 66 63 51

22 23 24 25 26

22 10 46 56 69

Concordance

231

Steible, NSBW / Edzard, RIME 3/1 — Anonymous Fragments NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

RIME 3/1

NSBW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $ 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

.—

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

—

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57

2 — • —

—

— —

—.

23 — —

—

17 12 13 — — —

—

22 —

4 —

_

14 —

6 —

7 —

15 — —

—

16 —

RIME 3/1

1 — —

—

_ _ 24 — — —

—

21 10 (Ur ni) (UrHI) 25 8

NSBW

RIME 3/1

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

3 9

18 20 11 19 5 26

232

Handcopies

Gudea Cylinder Fragment 12 photo in RA 65 (1971) 2

233

Handcopies

© ïâ*A ®

M5^Ìí s u >7*= >

Gudea Cylinder Fragments 8+3+5+4 (J) only one horizontal wedge visible on collation instead of two in Thureau-Dangin's copy

v

rÍ

^MĒ?Ír^

Gudea and his Dynasty (The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Early Periods, RIME3 1)

Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC) (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia)

Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Assyrian Periods, RIMA 1)

Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4 (The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, RIME 4)

Royal Inscriptions on Clay Cones from Ashur now in Istanbul (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Supplements, RIMS 1)

Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC) (Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Assyrian Period, RIMA 3)

The Jesus Dynasty: The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity

Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC) (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia)

Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC) (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia)

Assyrian Rulers of Early First Millennium BC I (1114-859 B.C.) (Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Assyrian Period, RIMA 2)

Claiming His Royal Heir

His Royal Love Child

His Royal Prize

His Royal Prize

His Royal Love - child

His Royal Love Child

His Royal Love-Child

His Royal Prize

Claiming His Royal Heir

Expecting His Royal Baby

His Royal Prize

His Royal Prize

His Royal Prize

The Problem of Other Periods

The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC), Part 1

Inscriptions

A Grammatical Description of the Early Classic Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions

The Royal Minorities of Medieval and Early Modern England

Christmas in His Royal Bed

Christmas in His Royal Bed

Periods of Hecke Characters

Gudea and his Dynasty (The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Early Periods, RIME3 1)

Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC) (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia)

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