Gastroschisis - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

GASTROSCHISIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES...

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GASTROSCHISIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Gastroschisis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00448-8 1. Gastroschisis-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on gastroschisis. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON GASTROSCHISIS ......................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Gastroschisis ................................................................................. 3 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 4 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND GASTROSCHISIS ......................................................... 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 47 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 47 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 48 General References ....................................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON GASTROSCHISIS ......................................................................................... 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 Chapters on Gastroschisis ............................................................................................................ 51 CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON GASTROSCHISIS ........................................................... 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 53 Academic Periodicals covering Gastroschisis .............................................................................. 54 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 59 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 61 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 63 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 65 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 67 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 69 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 69 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 69 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 69 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 69 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 75 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 77 GASTROSCHISIS DICTIONARY ............................................................................................... 79 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 97

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with gastroschisis is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about gastroschisis, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to gastroschisis, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on gastroschisis. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to gastroschisis, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on gastroschisis. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON GASTROSCHISIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on gastroschisis.

Federally Funded Research on Gastroschisis The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to gastroschisis. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to gastroschisis. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore gastroschisis. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for gastroschisis: •

Project Title: ENGINEERED MALFORMATIONS

VASCULAR

TISSUE

FOR

CONGENITAL

Principal Investigator & Institution: Marler, Jennifer J.; Children's Hospital Med Ctr (Cincinnati) 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, Oh 452293039 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 26-SEP-2003; Project End 30-JUN-2009

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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Summary: (provided by applicant): Congenital malformations, such as esophageal atresia, gastroschisis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and cutis aplasia remain a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Traditional surgical reconstructive approaches have included the use of prosthetic materials, transfer of adjacent healthy tissues, and transplantation from donor individuals. These options are particularly limited in neonates, however, secondary to rapid growth, limited availability of healthy tissue for reconstruction, and lack of age and size-matched donor individuals. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines engineering and the life sciences to create structures, which restore, replace or augment tissues that have been lost secondary to congenital deficiency, disease, or trauma. The most common methodology combines bioresorbable polymer scaffolds and autologous cells that have been expanded in tissue culture to form new tissues. This approach holds particular promise for generating surgical replacement structures for reconstruction of several congenital malformations. There have been significant advances in engineering avascular tissues, such as cartilage. There has also been some success in generating, "thin" tissues, such as cardiac leaflets and cultured skin substitutes. When tissues less than 2mm in thickness are transplanted, their metabolic requirements are supported initially through diffusion and later by the ingrowth of new blood vessels from adjacent structures. Thicker tissues, however, cannot rely initially on diffusion and are unable to survive the period required for vascular ingrowth. Thus, one strategy to engineer thicker tissues is to incorporate a blood supply de novo - assembling a microvasculature in tissue culture prior to implantation, allowing other cell types to grow around it, and then connecting this with existing vessels using microsurgical techniques. The principal objective of this project is to create a three-dimensional, branching, functional microvascular network in vitro which will provide a structural and metabolic framework to permit the engineering of thicker vascularized tissues for surgical reconstruction. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for gastroschisis in the PubMed Central database: •

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Prevalence of gastroschisis at birth: retrospective study. by Di Tanna GL, Rosano A, Mastroiacovo P.; 2002 Dec 14; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=138514

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print.

Studies

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The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with gastroschisis, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for gastroschisis (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A 19-week-old fetus with craniosynostosis, renal agenesis and gastroschisis: case report and differential diagnosis. Author(s): Sergi C, Stein H, Heep JG, Otto HF. Source: Pathology, Research and Practice. 1997; 193(8): 579-85; Discussion 587-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9406252

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A critical assessment of fluid requirements in gastroschisis. Author(s): Mollitt DL, Ballantine TV, Grosfeld JL, Quinter P. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1978 June; 13(3): 217-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=149844

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A critical look at delayed intestinal motility in gastroschisis. Author(s): Rubin SZ, Martin DJ, Ein SH. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1978 September; 21(5): 414-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=152667

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A decade of gastroschisis in the era of antenatal ultrasound. Author(s): Nicholls EA, Ford WD, Barnes KH, Furness ME, Hayward C. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 1996 June; 66(6): 366-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8678854

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A dilated fetal stomach predicts a complicated postnatal course in cases of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. Author(s): Aina-Mumuney AJ, Fischer AC, Blakemore KJ, Crino JP, Costigan K, Swenson K, Chisholm CA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004 May; 190(5): 1326-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15167837

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A gastroschisis-like abdominal wall defect in the left hypochondrium. Case report and literature review. Author(s): Melikoglu M, Karaguzel G, Ogus M, Aslan A, Inan M. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1998 February; 8(1): 52-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9550278

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A low pregnancy body mass index is a risk factor for an offspring with gastroschisis. Author(s): Lam PK, Torfs CP, Brand RJ. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1999 November; 10(6): 717-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10535786

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A neonate having a left-sided gastroschisis. Author(s): Hirthler MA, Goldthorn JF. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1989 May; 24(5): 513. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2525614

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A new regime in the management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Swift RI, Singh MP, Ziderman DA, Silverman M, Elder MA, Elder MG. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1992 January; 27(1): 61-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1532422

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A pneumatic reduction device for gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Othersen HB Jr, Hargest TS. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1977 February; 144(2): 243-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=138206

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A population-based study of gastroschisis: demographic, pregnancy, and lifestyle risk factors. Author(s): Torfs CP, Velie EM, Oechsli FW, Bateson TF, Curry CJ. Source: Teratology. 1994 July; 50(1): 44-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7974254

Studies

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A twin gestation complicated by gastroschisis in both twins. Author(s): Fuentes A, Porter KB, Torres BA, Saadeh S, Duesenberg K, O'Brien WF. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1996 January; 24(1): 48-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8655670

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Abnormal intestinal motility in gastroschisis. Author(s): Oh KS, Dorst JP, Dominguez R, Girdany BR. Source: Radiology. 1978 May; 127(2): 457. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=148068

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Acute bowel perforation in a fetus with gastroschisis. Author(s): Haberman S, Burgess T, Klass L, Cohn BD, Minkoff HL. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 June; 15(6): 542-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11005127

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Adverse outcome after prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis: the role of fetal monitoring. Author(s): Burge DM, Ade-Ajayi N. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1997 March; 32(3): 441-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9094013

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Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase is found in gastroschisis but not omphalocele. Author(s): Saleh AA, Isada NB, Johnson MP, Sokol RJ, Dombrowski MP, Evans MI. Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 1993 May-June; 8(3): 168-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8240688

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Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase measurements in pregnancies associated with gastroschisis. Author(s): Goldfine C, Haddow JE, Knight GJ, Palomaki GE. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 1989 October; 9(10): 697-700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2480589

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Amniotic fluid beta-endorphin: a prognostic marker for gastroschisis. Author(s): Akgur FM, Olguner M. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2004 March; 39(3): 506-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15017580

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Amniotic fluid beta-endorphin: a prognostic marker for gastroschisis. Author(s): Akgur FM, Olguner M. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2004 February; 39(2): 248-9. Corrected and Republished In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14966756

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Amniotic fluid inflammatory proteins and digestive compounds profile in fetuses with gastroschisis undergoing amnioexchange. Author(s): Burc L, Volumenie JL, de Lagausie P, Guibourdenche J, Oury JF, Vuillard E, Sibony O, Blot P, Saizou C, Luton D. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004 April; 111(4): 292-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15008761

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An individualized approach to the management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Caniano DA, Brokaw B, Ginn-Pease ME. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1990 March; 25(3): 297-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2138218

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An unusual case of gastroschisis with gallbladder evisceration and late postrepair chylous ascites. Author(s): Drinnen D, Filston HC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1997 December; 32(12): 1804-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9434035

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An unusual outcome for fetus with gastroschisis. Author(s): Bromley B, Shamberger RC, Benacerraf B. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1995 January; 14(1): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7707482

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Antenatal fetal diagnosis and maternal transport gastroschisis. A maternal-infant case report. Author(s): Carlan SJ, Knuppel RA, Perez J, Flasher J. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1990 July; 29(7): 378-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2142899

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Appendix nodosum (vernix caseosa peritonitis in gastroschisis) Author(s): Wright JR Jr, Resch L. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1998 November; 110(5): 696-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9802358

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Are babies with gastroschisis small for gestational age? Author(s): Blakelock RT, Upadhyay V, Pease PW, Harding JE. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1997; 12(8): 580-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9354729

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Association between mothers' nutrient intake and their offspring's risk of gastroschisis. Author(s): Torfs CP, Lam PK, Schaffer DM, Brand RJ. Source: Teratology. 1998 December; 58(6): 241-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9894673

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Association of pericardial effusion with gastroschisis. Author(s): Daftary AS, Patole SK, Whitehall JS. Source: Intensive Care Medicine. 1999 April; 25(4): 422-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10342523

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Association of prune belly syndrome and gastroschisis. Author(s): Willert C, Cohen H, Yu YT, Madden JD. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1978 May; 132(5): 526-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=148210

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Association of vasoconstrictive exposures with risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Author(s): Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2003 May; 14(3): 349-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12859037

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Benefits of term delivery in infants with antenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. Author(s): Lenke R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 February; 101(2): 418; Author Reply 418-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12576270

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Benefits of term delivery in infants with antenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. Author(s): Huang J, Kurkchubasche AG, Carr SR, Wesselhoeft CW Jr, Tracy TF Jr, Luks FL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 October; 100(4): 695-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12383536

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Bile duct stricture in an infant with gastroschisis treated by percutaneous transhepatic drainage, biliary stenting, and balloon dilation. Author(s): Hancock BJ, Wiseman NE, Rusnak BW. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1989 October; 24(10): 1071-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2530328

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Body stalk defects, body wall defects, amniotic bands with and without body wall defects, and gastroschisis: comparative epidemiology. Author(s): Martinez-Frias ML, Bermejo E, Rodriguez-Pinilla E. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 May 1; 92(1): 13-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10797417

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Can fetal gastroschisis always be diagnosed prenatally? Author(s): Knott PD, Colley NV. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 1987 October; 7(8): 607-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2446310

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Carbimazole-related gastroschisis. Author(s): Guignon AM, Mallaret MP, Jouk PS. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2003 June; 37(6): 829-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12773072

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Case of gastroschisis of the surviving fetus in monochorionic twin pregnancy. Author(s): Malinowski W, Biskup I. Source: Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1997; 46(2): 99-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9492891

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Case report of a left-sided gastroschisis. Author(s): Blair GK, Marshall RH. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1994 December; 29(12): 1636. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7877060

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Causes of postoperative deaths in gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Hofmann-von Kap-herr S, Emmrich P. Source: Prog Pediatr Surg. 1979; 13: 63-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=160586

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Cesarean section does not improve outcome in gastroschisis. Author(s): Bethel CA, Seashore JH, Touloukian RJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1989 January; 24(1): 1-3; Discussion 3-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2524560

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Changing concepts in treatment of ruptured omphalocele (gastroschisis). Author(s): Graivier L. Source: Tex Med. 1974 May; 70(5): 70-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4275354

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Chylous ascites associated with gastroschisis. Author(s): Solans CV, Sockolow RE. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1996 August; 35(8): 415-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8862903

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Cisapride and caesarean section: their role in babies with gastroschisis. Author(s): Kumar RK, Shi EC, Duffy B. Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 1999 April; 35(2): 181-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10365357

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Clinical significance of prenatal ultrasonographic intestinal dilatation in fetuses with gastroschisis. Author(s): Alsulyman OM, Monteiro H, Ouzounian JG, Barton L, Songster GS, Kovacs BW. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 October; 175(4 Pt 1): 982-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8885760

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Closed gastroschisis: Antenatal and postnatal features. Author(s): Davenport M, Haugen S, Greenough A, Nicolaides K. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 December; 36(12): 1834-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11733918

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Closure of gastroschisis by mesh skin grafts in problem cases. Author(s): Anderl H, Menardi G, Hager J. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1986 October; 21(10): 870-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2946842

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Complications and follow-up of gastroschisis. Author(s): Cywes S, Davies MR. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1979 March 24; 55(13): 499-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=156404

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Congenital abdominal wall defects: gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Grosfeld JL, Weber TR. Source: Current Problems in Surgery. 1982 April; 19(4): 157-213. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6211335

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Congenital anterior abdominal wall defects. Gastroschisis has a good prognosis. Author(s): Stringer MD, Mason G. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1997 February 1; 314(7077): 372-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9040348

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Congenital colocutaneous fistula as presenting sign of prenatally closed gastroschisis. Author(s): Fowler CL, Rothman EA. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1999 November; 29(11): 811-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10552057

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Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies: psychosocial functioning of children with imperforate anus, gastroschisis, and omphalocele. Author(s): Tarnowski KJ, King DR, Green L, Ginn-Pease ME. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1991 August; 59(4): 587-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1833425

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Constant negative pressure: an adjunct in the treatment of gastroschisis. Author(s): Roberts MT, Wiseman NE. Source: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 1976 May; 4(2): 141-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=132877

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Contribution of demographic and environmental factors to the etiology of gastroschisis: a hypothesis. Author(s): Drongowski RA, Smith RK Jr, Coran AG, Klein MD. Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 1991; 6(1-2): 14-27. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1837456

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Controversies in the management of gastroschisis: a study of 40 patients. Author(s): Stringer MD, Brereton RJ, Wright VM. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1991 January; 66(1 Spec No): 34-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1825461

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Counseling and care for the pregnancy complicated by gastroschisis. Author(s): Chescheir NC, Azizkhan RG, Seeds JW, Lacey SR, Watson WJ. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1991 September; 8(5): 323-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1722096

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Cryptorchidism in newborns with gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Aliotta PJ, Piedmonte M, Karp M, Greenfield SP. Source: Urology. 1992 July; 40(1): 84-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1352419

Studies

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Current embryology and treatment of gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Izant RJ Jr, Brown F, Rothmann BF. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1966 July; 93(1): 49-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4222974

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Delivery room repair of gastroschisis. Author(s): Coughlin JP, Drucker DE, Jewell MR, Evans MJ, Klein MD. Source: Surgery. 1993 October; 114(4): 822-6; Discussion 826-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8211700

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Demographic, reproductive, medical, and environmental factors in relation to gastroschisis. Author(s): Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. Source: Teratology. 1992 April; 45(4): 353-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1533957

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Developmental aspects of gastroschisis. Author(s): Tibboel D, Raine P, McNee M, Azmy A, Kluck P, Young D, Molenaar JC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1986 October; 21(10): 865-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2946841

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Differences between omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Shaw A. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1978 September; 132(9): 936-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=150792

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Does ascertainment bias contribute to the reported association of omphalocele and gastroschisis with other birth defects in families but not in individuals? Author(s): Hook EB. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1993 September 1; 47(3): 435-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8135295

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Duplication of the vermiform appendix in gastroschisis. Author(s): Gilchrist BF, Scriven R, Nguyen M, Nguyen V, Klotz D, Ramenofsky ML. Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 1999 October; 189(4): 426. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10509468

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Early prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis with transvaginal ultrasonography. Author(s): Guzman ER. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 May; 162(5): 1253-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2140238

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Early transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of gastroschisis. Author(s): Kushnir O, Izquierdo L, Vigil D, Curet LB. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1990 March-April; 18(3): 194-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2155941

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Effect of amnioinfusion on the outcome of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. Author(s): Luton D, de Lagausie P, Guibourdenche J, Oury J, Sibony O, Vuillard E, Boissinot C, Aigrain Y, Beaufils F, Navarro J, Blot P. Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 1999 May-June; 14(3): 152-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10364666

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Elective cesarean section improves outcomes of neonates with gastroschisis. Author(s): Sakala EP, Erhard LN, White JJ. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 October; 169(4): 1050-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8238118

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Elective delayed midgut reduction-No anesthesia for gastroschisis: Selection and conversion criteria. Author(s): Bianchi A, Dickson AP, Alizai NK. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2002 September; 37(9): 1334-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12194127

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Elective delayed reduction and no anesthesia: "minimal intervention management" for gastroschisis. Author(s): Huth MM. Source: J Child Fam Nurs. 1999 July-August; 2(4): 267-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10646357

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Empiric recurrence risks and gastroschisis. Author(s): Jorgenson RJ, Salinas CF. Source: Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1979; 15(5C): 145-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=160804

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End-tidal carbon dioxide for monitoring primary closure of gastroschisis. Author(s): Puffinbarger NK, Taylor DV, Tuggle DW, Tunell WP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 February; 31(2): 280-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8938360

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Epidemiological study of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Spain. Author(s): Martinez-Frias ML, Salvador J, Prieto L, Zaplana J. Source: Teratology. 1984 June; 29(3): 377-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6235617

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Essential fatty acity deficiency and impaired wound healing in an infant with gastroschisis. Author(s): Burney DP, Goodwin CD, Caldwell MD, Amoury RA. Source: The American Surgeon. 1979 August; 45(8): 542. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=507554

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Evaluation of amniotic membrane as adhesion prophylaxis in a novel surgical gastroschisis model. Author(s): Rennekampff HO, Dohrmann P, Fory R, Fandrich F. Source: Journal of Investigative Surgery : the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research. 1994 May-June; 7(3): 187-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7918242

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Evolution of staged versus primary closure of gastroschisis. Author(s): Kidd JN Jr, Jackson RJ, Smith SD, Wagner CW. Source: Annals of Surgery. 2003 June; 237(6): 759-64; Discussion 764-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12796571

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Exomphalos and gastroschisis: a 10-year review. Author(s): Venugopal S, Zachary RB, Spitz L. Source: The British Journal of Surgery. 1976 July; 63(7): 523-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=60157

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Experience with treatment of gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Chang PY, Yeh ML, Sheu JC, Chen CC. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1992 April; 91(4): 447-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1358316

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Extracorporeal liver and spleen in gastroschisis. Author(s): Pinzon M, Barr RG. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1995 April; 164(4): 1025. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7726023

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Familial cases of gastroschisis in a population-based registry. Author(s): Torfs CP, Curry CJ. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1993 February 15; 45(4): 465-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8465852

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Familial gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Lowry RB, Baird PA. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1982 May; 34(3): 517-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6211093

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Familial gastroschisis in siblings is rare. Author(s): Ng JW, Kong CK, Wong MK, Book KS. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1994 December; 29(12): 1637-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7877062

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Familial gastroschisis: a case of mother-and son occurrence. Author(s): Nelson TC, Toyama WM. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1995 December; 30(12): 1706-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8749931

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Familial occurrence of gastroschisis. Four new cases and review of the literature. Author(s): Salinas CF, Bartoshesky L, Othersen HB Jr, Leape L, Feingold M, Jorgenson RJ. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1979 May; 133(5): 514-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=155396

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Fetal abdominal wall mass detected on prenatal sonography: gastroschisis vs omphalocele. Author(s): Perrella RR, Ragavendra N, Tessler FN, Boechat I, Crandall B, Grant EG. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1991 November; 157(5): 1065-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1833958

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Fetal gastroschisis and omphalocele: is cesarean section the best mode of delivery? Author(s): Lewis DF, Towers CV, Garite TJ, Jackson DN, Nageotte MP, Major CA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 September; 163(3): 773-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2144949

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Fetal gastroschisis associated with monosomy 22 mosaicism and absent cerebral diastolic flow. Author(s): Lewinsky RM, Johnson JM, Lao TT, Winsor EJ, Cohen H. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 1990 September; 10(9): 605-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2148373

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Fetal gastroschisis complicated by bowel dilation: an indication for imminent delivery? Author(s): Sipes SL, Weiner CP, Williamson RA, Pringle KC, Kimura K. Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 1990; 5(2): 100-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2151846

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Fetal gastroschisis: a preliminary report advocating the use of cesarean section. Author(s): Lenke RR, Hatch EI Jr. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986 March; 67(3): 395-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2935763

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Fetal omphalocele and gastroschisis: a review of 24 cases. Author(s): Bair JH, Russ PD, Pretorius DH, Manchester D, Manco-Johnson ML. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1986 November; 147(5): 1047-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2945411

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Fetal omphalocele and gastroschisis: pitfalls in sonographic diagnosis. Author(s): Lindfors KK, McGahan JP, Walter JP. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1986 October; 147(4): 797-800. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3529897

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Fetal protein loss in gastroschisis as an explanation of associated morbidity. Author(s): Carroll SG, Kuo PY, Kyle PM, Soothill PW. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 May; 184(6): 1297-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11349205

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Fetal urethral obstruction with spontaneous rupture of the bladder and creation of a gastroschisis. Author(s): Dinsmoor MJ, Seeds JW. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2002 May; 21(5): 577-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12008823

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First trimester maternal medication use in relation to gastroschisis. Author(s): Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. Source: Teratology. 1992 April; 45(4): 361-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1533958

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Functional urinary tract obstruction developing in fetuses with isolated gastroschisis. Author(s): Reiss RE, Landon MB, Jayanthi VR, Caniano DA, Mutabagani K, O'Shaughnessy RW. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 March; 15(3): 194-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10846773

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Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in a child with gastroschisis and ileal atresia. Author(s): Cheng G, Langham MR Jr, Sninsky CA, Talbert JL, Hocking MP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1997 June; 32(6): 923-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9200103

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Gastroschisis and Hirschsprung's disease: a rare combination. Author(s): Hipolito R, Haight M, Dubois J, Milstein J, Goetzman B. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 April; 36(4): 638-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11283896

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Gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Puri A, Bajpai M. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1999 September-October; 66(5): 773-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10798139

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Gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Langer JC. Source: Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May; 5(2): 124-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9138711

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Gastroschisis and total intestinal atresia. Author(s): Morris-Stiff G, al-Wafi A, Lari J. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1998 April; 8(2): 105-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9617612

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Gastroschisis and undescended testis. Author(s): Lawson A, de La Hunt MN. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 February; 36(2): 366-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11172436

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Gastroschisis associated with bladder evisceration complicated by hydronephrosis presenting antenatally. Author(s): Ikhena SE, de Chazal RC, Konje JC. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 May; 13(5): 370-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10380306

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Gastroschisis bowel in an intact exomphalos: implications for etiology and possible prevention. Author(s): Steinbrecher HA, Hanna M, Burge DM. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 March; 31(3): 342-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8708900

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Gastroschisis complicated by midgut atresia and closure of the defect in utero. Author(s): Bhatia AM, Musemeche CA, Crino JP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 September; 31(9): 1288-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8887104

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Gastroschisis in the decade of prenatal diagnosis: 1983-1993. Author(s): Haddock G, Davis CF, Raine PA. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1996 February; 6(1): 18-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8721172

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Gastroschisis increases small bowel nitric oxide synthase activity. Author(s): Bealer JF, Graf J, Bruch SW, Adzick NS, Harrison MR. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 August; 31(8): 1043-5; Discussion 1045-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8863230

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Gastroschisis with omphalomesenteric artery remnant, colonic atresia and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Author(s): Komuro H, Watanabe M, Matoba K, Kaneko M. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2003 October; 13(5): 334-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14618526

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Gastroschisis. Author(s): Borah HK. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 1998 November; 35(11): 1116. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10216549

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Gastroschisis: 13 years' experience at RCH Melbourne. Author(s): Tawil KA, Gillam GL. Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 1995 December; 31(6): 553-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8924311

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Gastroschisis: a 15-year, single-center experience. Author(s): Saxena AK, Hulskamp G, Schleef J, Schaarschmidt K, Harms E, Willital GH. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2002 September; 18(5-6): 420-4. Epub 2002 March 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12415370

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Gastroschisis: a plea for risk categorization. Author(s): Molik KA, Gingalewski CA, West KW, Rescorla FJ, Scherer LR, Engum SA, Grosfeld JL. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 January; 36(1): 51-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11150437

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Gastroschisis: a radiological and clinical review. Author(s): Ramsden WH, Arthur RJ, Martinez D. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1997 February; 27(2): 166-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9028853

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Gastroschisis: a simple technique for staged silo closure. Author(s): Fischer JD, Chun K, Moores DC, Andrews HG. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1995 August; 30(8): 1169-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7472975

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Gastroschisis: A sixteen-year review. Author(s): Baerg J, Kaban G, Tonita J, Pahwa P, Reid D. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2003 May; 38(5): 771-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12720191

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Gastroschisis: a ten year review. Author(s): Ortiz VN, Villarreal DH, Gonzalez Olmo J, Ramos Perea C. Source: Bol Asoc Med P R. 1998 April-June; 90(4-6): 69-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9866270

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Gastroschisis: are prenatal ultrasonographic findings useful for assessing the prognosis? Author(s): Brun M, Grignon A, Guibaud L, Garel L, Saint-Vil D. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1996 October; 26(10): 723-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8805605

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Gastroschisis: can prenatal sonography predict neonatal outcome? Author(s): Japaraj RP, Hockey R, Chan FY. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 April; 21(4): 329-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12704738

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Gastroschisis: can the morbidity be avoided? Author(s): Blakelock RT, Harding JE, Kolbe A, Pease PW. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1997 April; 12(4): 276-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9099645

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Gastroschisis: determinants of neonatal outcome. Author(s): Singh SJ, Fraser A, Leditschke JF, Spence K, Kimble R, Dalby-Payne J, Baskaranathan S, Barr P, Halliday R, Badawi N, Peat JK, Glasson M, Cass D. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2003 June; 19(4): 260-5. Epub 2003 April 03. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12682747

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Gastroschisis: early enteral feeds may improve outcome. Author(s): Sharp M, Bulsara M, Gollow I, Pemberton P. Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2000 October; 36(5): 472-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11036804

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Gastroschisis: etiology, diagnosis, delivery options, and care. Author(s): King J, Askin DF. Source: Neonatal Netw. 2003 July-August; 22(4): 7-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12934745

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Gastroschisis: small hole, big cost. Author(s): Sydorak RM, Nijagal A, Sbragia L, Hirose S, Tsao K, Phibbs RH, Schmitt SK, Lee H, Farmer DL, Harrison MR, Albanese CT. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2002 December; 37(12): 1669-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12483626

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Gastroschisis: the effect of labor and ruptured membranes on neonatal outcome. Author(s): Strauss RA, Balu R, Kuller JA, McMahon MJ. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 December; 189(6): 1672-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14710097

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Genetic factors in the aetiology of gastroschisis: a case report. Author(s): Reece A, Thornton J, Stringer MD. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1997 June; 73(2): 127-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9228491

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Growth retardation in fetuses with gastroschisis. Author(s): Raynor BD, Richards D. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1997 January; 16(1): 13-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8979221

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Hemodynamic effects of primary closure of omphalocele/gastroschisis in human newborns. Author(s): Yaster M, Buck JR, Dudgeon DL, Manolio TA, Simmons RS, Zeller P, Haller JA Jr. Source: Anesthesiology. 1988 July; 69(1): 84-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2968772

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Histology of the intestine in human gastroschisis--relationship to intestinal malfunction: dissolution of the "peel" and its ultrastructural characteristics. Author(s): Amoury RA, Beatty EC, Wood WG, Holder TM, Ashcraft KW, Sharp RJ, Murphy JP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1988 October; 23(10): 950-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2976819

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Human chorionic mast cells with numerous lipid bodies and a mixture of immature and mature granules are present in gastroschisis. Author(s): Dvorak AM. Source: Pediatr Pathol. 1991 July-August; 11(4): 673-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1835002

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Hydrocephalus in association with gastroschisis. Author(s): Grode ML, Cain DR, Carton CA. Source: Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc. 1974 October; 39(4): 144-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4279717

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Hyperphosphatemia-hypocalcemia in gastroschisis. Author(s): Pfitzer L, Elitsur Y. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1999 July; 94(7): 1991-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10406290

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Hypogammaglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia in neonates with ruptured omphaloceles and gastroschisis. Author(s): Gutenberger JE, Miller DL, Dibbins AW, Gitlin D. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1973 June; 8(3): 353-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4268497

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Hypothermia and sepsis: the major causes of mortality in gastroschisis. Author(s): Tsai MC, Chen SN. Source: Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1995 September-October; 36(5): 328-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8607356

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Iatrogenic gastroschisis in the treatment of diaphragmatic hernia. Author(s): Moise KJ Jr, Belfort M, Saade G. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 February; 172(2 Pt 1): 715. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7531943

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Immediate permanent fascial prosthesis for gastroschisis and massive omphalocele. Author(s): Stone HH. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981 August; 153(2): 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6454268

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Improved outcomes in the treatment of gastroschisis using a preformed silo and delayed repair approach. Author(s): Schlatter M, Norris K, Uitvlugt N, DeCou J, Connors R. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2003 March; 38(3): 459-64; Discussion 459-64. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12632367

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Improvement of mesenteric superior artery Doppler velocimetry by amnio-infusion in fetal gastroschisis. Author(s): Volumenie JL, de Lagausie P, Guibourdenche J, Oury JF, Vuillard E, Saizou C, Luton D. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2001 December; 21(13): 1171-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11787047

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In utero diagnosis of fetal gastroschisis with eviscerated gastric perforation. Author(s): Tseng JJ, Chou MM. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2002 February; 22(2): 163-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11857631

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Increase in incidence of gastroschisis in the south west of England in 1995. Author(s): Penman DG, Fisher RM, Noblett HR, Soothill PW. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998 March; 105(3): 328-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9532995

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Increased survival with new techniques in treatment of gastroschisis. Author(s): Brown AL 2nd, Roty AR Jr, Kilway JB. Source: The American Surgeon. 1978 July; 44(7): 417-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=150807

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Increasing risk of gastroschisis in Norway: an age-period-cohort analysis. Author(s): J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Mar;39(3):506-7 Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004 February 15; 159(4): 358-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15017580

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Infant with congenital erosions of the skin of several fingers and gastroschisis. Author(s): Leber K, Barness EG, Plaza MC, Lacson AG, Weber C, Pomerance HH. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 August 15; 102(3): 297-303. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11484211

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Influence of place of delivery on outcome in babies with gastroschisis. Author(s): Stoodley N, Sharma A, Noblett H, James D. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1993 March; 68(3 Spec No): 321-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8466271

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Information sought on incidence of gastroschisis. Author(s): Baird PA, Fraser GC. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1972 September 23; 107(6): 496. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4262546

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Intensive care of the newborn--8. A baby with gastroschisis. Author(s): Ramdharry L. Source: Nurs Times. 1979 September 6; 75(36): 1547-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=257519

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Intestinal atresia with gastroschisis: a selective approach to management. Author(s): Fleet MS, de la Hunt MN. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 September; 35(9): 1323-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10999689

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Intestinal damage in gastroschisis correlates with the concentration of intraamniotic meconium. Author(s): Api A, Olguner M, Hakguder G, Ates O, Ozer E, Akgur FM. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 December; 36(12): 1811-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11733912

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Intestinal damage in gastroschisis is independent of the size of the abdominal defect. Author(s): Albert A, Sancho MA, Julia V, Diaz F, Bombi JA, Morales L. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2001 March; 17(2-3): 116-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11315267

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Intra-amniotic inflammation in human gastroschisis: possible aetiology of postnatal bowel dysfunction. Author(s): Morrison JJ, Klein N, Chitty LS, Kocjan G, Walshe D, Goulding M, Geary MP, Pierro A, Rodeck CH. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998 November; 105(11): 1200-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9853770

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Intragastric pressure measurement: a guide for reduction and closure of the silastic chimney in omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Wesley JR, Drongowski R, Coran AG. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1981 June; 16(3): 264-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6454777

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Is early fascial closure necessary for omphalocele and gastroschisis? Author(s): Krasna IH. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1995 January; 30(1): 23-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7722822

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Is primary repair of gastroschisis and omphalocele always the best operation? Author(s): Sauter ER, Falterman KW, Arensman RM. Source: The American Surgeon. 1991 March; 57(3): 142-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2003700

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Is specialist centre delivery of gastroschisis beneficial? Author(s): Nicholls G, Upadhyaya V, Gornall P, Buick RG, Corkery JJ. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1993 July; 69(1 Spec No): 71-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8346959

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Is splanchnic perfusion pressure more predictive of outcome than intragastric pressure in neonates with gastroschisis? Author(s): McGuigan RM, Azarow KS. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 2004 May; 187(5): 609-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15135675

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Is unexplained third trimester intrauterine death of fetuses with gastroschisis caused by umbilical cord compression due to acute extra-abdominal bowel dilatation? Author(s): Kalache KD, Bierlich A, Hammer H, Bollmann R. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2002 August; 22(8): 715-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12210582

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Ischemic bowel after primary closure for gastroschisis. Author(s): Ein SH, Superina R, Bagwell C, Wiseman N. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1988 August; 23(8): 728-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2971792

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Large gastroschisis: primary repair with Gore-Tex patch. Author(s): Stringel G. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1993 May; 28(5): 653-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8340850

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Lateral plication of synthetic sack for large gastroschisis and omphalocele defects. Author(s): Shim WK. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1971 April; 6(2): 143-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4996117

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Left-sided gastroschisis. Author(s): Toth PP, Kimura K. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1993 December; 28(12): 1543-4. Review. Erratum In: J Pediatr Surg 1994 May; 29(5): 717. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8301485

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Left-sided gastroschisis: two case reports in Ratchaburi Hospital. Author(s): Thepcharoennirund S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2000 July; 83(7): 804-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10932517

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Longitudinal growth and late morbidity of survivors of gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Berseth CL, Malachowski N, Cohn RB, Sunshine P. Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 1982; 1(3): 375-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6224924

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Long-term follow-up of children with prenatally diagnosed omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Lunzer H, Menardi G, Brezinka C. Source: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 2001 December; 10(6): 385-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11798448

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Long-term follow-up of patients with gastroschisis. Author(s): Swartz KR, Harrison MW, Campbell JR, Campbell TJ. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1986 May; 151(5): 546-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2939736

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Long-term results in children with omphalocele and gastroschisis--a follow-up study. Author(s): Lindham S. Source: Z Kinderchir. 1984 June; 39(3): 164-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6235688

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Management of gastroschisis and short bowel: report of 17 cases. Author(s): Gilbert MG, Mencia LF, Puranik SR, Litt RE, Altman DH. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1972 October-November; 7(5): 598-607. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4263679

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Management of gastroschisis in a peripheral hospital setting. Author(s): Naidu RR, Lee FH, Teh KH. Source: Med J Malaysia. 1996 December; 51(4): 444-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10968031

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Management of gastroschisis with concomitant jejuno-ileal atresia. Author(s): Hoehner JC, Ein SH, Kim PC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1998 June; 33(6): 885-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9660221

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Management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Gongaware RD, Marino BL, Smith RM, Sacks LM, Morrison JV Jr. Source: The American Surgeon. 1987 August; 53(8): 468-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2955725

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Management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Boyd JB, Hrabovsky EE, Watne AL. Source: W V Med J. 1980 August; 76(8): 183-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6452747

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Management of intestinal atresia complicating gastroschisis. Author(s): Gornall P. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1989 June; 24(6): 522-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2525617

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Management of intestinal atresia in patients with gastroschisis. Author(s): Snyder CL, Miller KA, Sharp RJ, Murphy JP, Andrews WA, Holcomb GW 3rd, Gittes GK, Ashcraft KW. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 October; 36(10): 1542-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11584405

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Maternal medication use and risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Author(s): Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002 January 1; 155(1): 26-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11772781

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Maternal medications and environmental exposures as risk factors for gastroschisis. Author(s): Torfs CP, Katz EA, Bateson TF, Lam PK, Curry CJ. Source: Teratology. 1996 August; 54(2): 84-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8948544

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Meconium dependence of bowel damage in gastroschisis. Author(s): Tanyel FC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2002 July; 37(7): 1114; Author Reply 1114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12077782

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Milk hypersensitivity in an infant with gastroschisis. Author(s): Thomas DW, Sinatra FR, Swanson VL, Hanson B. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1982 June; 17(3): 309-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6213753

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Mode of delivery and outcome of neonates with gastroschisis. Author(s): Stringer MD, Adzick NS, Harrison MR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 September; 171(3): 869-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8092246

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Modern management of omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Smith S, Golladay ES. Source: J Ark Med Soc. 1981 March; 77(10): 379-85. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6453113

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Modern obstetric management and outcome of infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Lenke R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 October; 94(4): 638-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10511376

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Modern obstetric management and outcome of infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Rinehart BK, Terrone DA, Isler CM, Larmon JE, Perry KG Jr, Roberts WE. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 July; 94(1): 112-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10389729

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Monozygotic twins discordant for gastroschisis: case report and review of the literature of twins and familial occurrence of gastroschisis. Author(s): Bugge M, Petersen MB, Christensen MF. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1994 August 15; 52(2): 223-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7802013

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Musculoskeletal involvement in children with gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Loder RT, Guiboux JP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1993 April; 28(4): 584-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8483073

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Mutational analysis of the BMP-1 gene in patients with gastroschisis. Author(s): Komuro H, Mori M, Hayashi Y, Fukagawa M, Makino S, Takahara K, Greenspan DS, Momoi MY. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 June; 36(6): 885-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11381418

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Necrotizing enterocolitis after gastroschisis repair: a preventable complication? Author(s): Jayanthi S, Seymour P, Puntis JW, Stringer MD. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1998 May; 33(5): 705-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9607472

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Necrotizing enterocolitis following repair of gastroschisis. Author(s): Amoury RA. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1989 May; 24(5): 513-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2525615

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Neonatal outcome of gastroschisis and exomphalos: a 10-year review. Author(s): Kitchanan S, Patole SK, Muller R, Whitehall JS. Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2000 October; 36(5): 428-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11036795

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Obstetric management of the fetus with omphalocele or gastroschisis: a review and report of one hundred twelve cases. Author(s): Kirk EP, Wah RM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 July 1; 146(5): 512-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6222654

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis analysis of a 6 year series of 23 cases. Author(s): Munkonge L. Source: Med J Zambia. 1981 November-1982 January; 16(1): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6226164

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Europe: a survey of 3 million births 1980-1990. EUROCAT Working Group. Author(s): Calzolari E, Bianchi F, Dolk H, Milan M. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1995 August 28; 58(2): 187-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8533813

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Sweden 1965--1976. Author(s): Lindham S. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1981 January; 70(1): 55-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6452021

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Taiwan. Author(s): Hsu CC, Lin SP, Chen CH, Chi CS, Lee HC, Hung HY, Kao HA, Hsu CH. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 2002 October; 161(10): 552-5. Epub 2002 August 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12297903

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis in the State of New York, 1992-1999. Author(s): Salihu HM, Pierre-Louis BJ, Druschel CM, Kirby RS. Source: Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2003 September; 67(9): 630-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14703785

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Mahour GH, Weitzman JJ, Rosenkrantz JG. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1973 April; 177(4): 478-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4266281

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Martin LW, Torres AM. Source: The Surgical Clinics of North America. 1985 October; 65(5): 1235-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2932813

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Hasse W, Mahlo P. Source: Prog Pediatr Surg. 1979; 13: 71-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=160587

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis. Trends in survival across two decades. Author(s): Mabogunje OA, Mahour GH. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1984 November; 148(5): 679-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6496861

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis: a collaborative study of five Italian congenital malformation registries. Author(s): Calzolari E, Volpato S, Bianchi F, Cianciulli D, Tenconi R, Clementi M, Calabro A, Lungarotti S, Mastroiacovo PP, Botto L, et al. Source: Teratology. 1993 January; 47(1): 47-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8475457

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis: analysis of a 6-year series of 23 cases. Author(s): Chen SH. Source: Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1981 April; 80(4): 449-56. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6458663

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis: different entities, similar therapeutic goals. Author(s): Randolph J. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1982 December; 75(12): 1517-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6216601

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Omphalocele and gastroschisis: prenatal diagnosis and peripartal management. A case analysis of the years 1989-1997 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Homburg/Saar. Author(s): Axt R, Quijano F, Boos R, Hendrik HJ, Jessberger HJ, Schwaiger C, Schmidt W. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1999 November; 87(1): 47-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10579616

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Omphalocele, hernia of the umbilical cord and gastroschisis. Author(s): Verco PW. Source: Australasian Radiology. 1983 November; 27(3): 274-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6232916

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Oromandibular limb hypogenesis and gastroschisis. Author(s): Kilic N, Kiristioglu I, Balkan E, Dogruyol H. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 July; 36(7): E15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11431800

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Outcome analysis for gastroschisis. Author(s): White JJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 February; 35(2): 398-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10693705

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Outcome analysis for gastroschisis. Author(s): Snyder CL. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1999 August; 34(8): 1253-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10466606

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Outcomes of newborns with gastroschisis: the effects of mode of delivery, site of delivery, and interval from birth to surgery. Author(s): Quirk JG Jr, Fortney J, Collins HB 2nd, West J, Hassad SJ, Wagner C. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 April; 174(4): 1134-8; Discussion 1138-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8623840

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Pediococcus pentosaceus catheter-associated infection in an infant with gastroschisis. Author(s): Atkins JT, Tillman J, Tan TQ, Demmler GJ. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1994 January; 13(1): 75-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8170738

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Postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in 10 of 54 (18.5%) infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Oldham KT. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1989 November; 24(11): 1214. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2530331

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Prediction of outcome in omphalocele and gastroschisis by intraoperative measurement of intravesical pressure. Author(s): Chin T, Wei C. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1994 August; 93(8): 691-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7858453

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Preformed silos in the management of gastroschisis: new progress with an old idea. Author(s): Schlatter M. Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2003 June; 15(3): 239-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12806250

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Prenatal diagnosis of atypical gastroschisis. Author(s): Tannouri F, Avni EF, Lingier P, Donner C, Houben JJ, Struyven J. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1998 March; 17(3): 177-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9514170

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Prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis: development of objective sonographic criteria for predicting outcome. Author(s): Langer JC, Khanna J, Caco C, Dykes EH, Nicolaides KH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 January; 81(1): 53-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8416461

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Prenatal exposure to salicylates and gastroschisis: a case-control study. Author(s): Martinez-Frias ML, Rodriguez-Pinilla E, Prieto L. Source: Teratology. 1997 October; 56(4): 241-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9408974

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Prenatal management of gastroschisis: the place of the amnioexchange procedure. Author(s): Luton D, Guibourdenche J, Vuillard E, Bruner J, de Lagausie P. Source: Clin Perinatol. 2003 September; 30(3): 551-72, Viii. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14533896

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Prenatal ultrasonographic findings associated with short bowel syndrome in two fetuses with gastroschisis. Author(s): McMahon MJ, Kuller JA, Chescheir NC. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 October; 88(4 Pt 2): 676-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841249

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Prenatally closed gastroschisis with midgut atresia. Author(s): Basaran UN, Inan M, Gucer F, Yardim T, Pul M. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2002 September; 18(5-6): 550-2. Epub 2002 May 28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12415410

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Prenatally detected gastroschisis presenting as jejunal atresia due to vanishing bowel. Author(s): Celayir S, Besik C, Sarimurat N, Yeker D. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1999; 15(8): 582-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10631741

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Preservation of the umbilical cord at the primary fascial closure in infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Nagaya M, Ando H, Tsuda M, Hiraiwa K, Akatsuka H. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1993 November; 28(11): 1471-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8301461

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Pre-term and particularly pre-labor cesarean section to avoid complications of gastroschisis. Author(s): Moore TC, Collins DL, Catanzarite V, Hatch EI Jr. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1999; 15(2): 97-104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10079339

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Preterm and particularly, pre-labour cesarean section to avoid complications of gastroschisis. Author(s): Sheth NP. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2000; 16(3): 229. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10786991

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Preterm C-section delivery for fetal gastroschisis. Author(s): White JJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1998 December; 33(12): 1849. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9869073

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Pretreatment of gastroschisis with transabdominal amniotic fluid exchange. Author(s): Aktug T, Demir N, Akgur FM, Olguner M. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 May; 91(5 Pt 2): 821-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9572175

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Prevalence of gastroschisis at birth: retrospective study. Author(s): Di Tanna GL, Rosano A, Mastroiacovo P. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2002 December 14; 325(7377): 1389-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12480852

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Primary closure of omphalocele/gastroschisis in newborns. Author(s): Sacks LM, Gongaware RD. Source: Anesthesiology. 1989 August; 71(2): 316-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2527013

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Primary insertion of a silastic spring-loaded silo for gastroschisis. Author(s): Wu Y, Vogel AM, Sailhamer EA, Somme S, Santore MJ, Chwals WJ, Statter MB, Liu DC. Source: The American Surgeon. 2003 December; 69(12): 1083-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14700295

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Prognostic factors of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. Author(s): Luton D, De Lagausie P, Guibourdenche J, Oury JF, Vuillard E, Sibony O, Farnoux C, Aigrain Y, Blot P. Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 1997 January-February; 12(1): 7-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9101214

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Prolonged intestinal exposure to amniotic fluid does not result in peel formation in gastroschisis. Author(s): Correia-Pinto J, Estevao-Costa J. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 February; 35(2): 399. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10693706

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Prolonged intestinal exposure to amniotic fluid does not result in peel formation in gastroschisis. Author(s): Deans KJ, Mooney DP, Meyer MM, Shorter NA. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1999 June; 34(6): 975-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10392916

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Ratio of amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase to pseudocholinesterase as an antenatal diagnostic test for exomphalos and gastroschisis. Author(s): Wald NJ, Barlow RD, Cuckle HS, Turnbull AC, Goldfine C, Haddow JE. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1984 September; 91(9): 882-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6236841

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Reappraisal of skin flap closure for neonatal gastroschisis. Author(s): Thompson J, Fonkalsrud EW. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1976 June; 111(6): 684-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=132151

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Rectus muscle transection for visceral replacement in gastroschisis. Author(s): Lafer DJ. Source: Surgery. 1968 June; 63(6): 988-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4231108

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Recurrence risk for gastroschisis. Author(s): Salinas CF. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1982 February; 100(2): 336. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6460095

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Remarks about the prognosis in case of antenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis. Author(s): Poulain P, Milon J, Fremont B, Proudhon JF, Odent S, Babut JM, Le Marec B, Grall JY, Giraud JR. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1994 May 18; 54(3): 185-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7926232

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Repair of an abdominal wall defect after a salvage laparotomy for sepsis. Author(s): Hirsch EF. Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2004 February; 198(2): 324-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14759790

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Repair of cloacal exstrophy, omphalocele, and gastroschisis using porcine smallintestinal submucosa or cadaveric skin homograft. Author(s): Admire AA, Greenfeld JI, Cosentino CM, Ghory MJ, Samimi KJ. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 September 15; 112(4): 1059-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12973224

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Repair of gastroschisis using umbilical cord as a patch. Author(s): Zivkovic SM. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1991 October; 26(10): 1179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1838115

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Repair of gastroschisis with preservation of the umbilicus. Author(s): Wesson DE, Baesl TJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1986 September; 21(9): 764-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2945920

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Repair of gastroschisis with preservation of the umbilicus. Author(s): Tan KC, Howard ER. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1987 August; 22(8): 797. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2958615

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Repair of gastroschisis. Author(s): Croom RD 3rd, Thomas CG Jr. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1971 April; 132(4): 689-92. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4252471

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Rising birth prevalence of gastroschisis. Author(s): Laughon M, Meyer R, Bose C, Wall A, Otero E, Heerens A, Clark R. Source: Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association. 2003 June; 23(4): 291-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12774135

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Rising incidence of gastroschisis in teenage pregnancies. Author(s): Nichols CR, Dickinson JE, Pemberton PJ. Source: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 1997 July-August; 6(4): 225-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9260121

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Risk factors for adverse outcome of newborns with gastroschisis in a Brazilian hospital. Author(s): Vilela PC, Ramos De Amorim MM, Falbo GH, Santos LC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 April; 36(4): 559-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11283877

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Risk factors for gastroschisis. Author(s): Goldbaum G, Daling J, Milham S. Source: Teratology. 1990 October; 42(4): 397-403. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2147789

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Routine insertion of a silastic springloaded silo for infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): White JJ, Haller JA Jr. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 June; 35(6): 1014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10873056

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Routine insertion of a silastic spring-loaded silo for infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Minkes RK, Langer JC, Mazziotti MV, Skinner MA, Foglia RP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 June; 35(6): 843-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10873023

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Ruptured exomphalos and gastroschisis: a retrospective analysis of morbidity and mortality in Nigerian children. Author(s): Ameh EA, Chirdan LB. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2000; 16(1-2): 23-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10663828

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Second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in pregnancies associated with gastroschisis and omphalocele. Author(s): Palomaki GE, Hill LE, Knight GJ, Haddow JE, Carpenter M. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 June; 71(6 Pt 1): 906-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2453005

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Selective management of gastroschisis according to the degree of visceroabdominal disproportion. Author(s): Fonkalsrud EW, Smith MD, Shaw KS, Borick JM, Shaw A. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1993 December; 218(6): 742-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8257224

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Selective management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Jolley SG. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1995 January; 221(1): 114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7826151

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Serial transabdominal amnioinfusion in the management of gastroschisis with severe oligohydramnios. Author(s): Dommergues M, Ansker Y, Aubry MC, MacAleese J, Lortat-Jacob S, NihoulFekete C, Dumez Y. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 September; 31(9): 1297-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8887108

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Severity of intestinal damage in gastroschisis: correlation with prenatal sonographic findings. Author(s): Bond SJ, Harrison MR, Filly RA, Callen PW, Anderson RA, Golbus MS. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1988 June; 23(6): 520-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2971103

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Silo formation without suturing in gastroschisis: use of Steridrape for delayed repair. Author(s): Lee SC, Jung SE, Kim WK. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1997 January; 32(1): 66-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9021572

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Silo reduction of giant omphalocele and gastroschisis utilizing continucous controlled pressure. Author(s): Vanamo K. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2000; 16(7): 536-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11057564

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Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern associated with gastroschisis. Author(s): Elliott JP, Castro RJ, O'Keeffe DF. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1988 July; 5(3): 295-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2968082

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Small bowel injury in gastroschisis: relation to fetal presentation. Author(s): Bagley JS, Lloyd DJ, Gray ES, Youngson GG. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1996 October; 103(10): 1047-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8863709

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Small-bowel continuity: a crucial factor in determining survival in gastroschisis. Author(s): Cusick E, Spicer RD, Beck JM. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1997; 12(1): 34-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9035207

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Sonographic findings in gastroschisis. Author(s): Grossman M, Fischermann EA, German J. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1978 June; 6(3): 175-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=149801

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Spinal anesthesia for primary repair of gastroschisis: a new and safe technique for selected patients. Author(s): Vane DW, Abajian JC, Hong AR. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1994 September; 29(9): 1234-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7807354

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Staged reduction of gastroschisis: a simple method. Author(s): Kidd JN, Levy MS, Wagner CW. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2001 March; 17(2-3): 242-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11315303

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Staged repair of gastroschisis with an enteric fistula as a complication. Author(s): Chato LM Jr, Schairer AE, Schmitz RL. Source: Imj Ill Med J. 1975 October; 148(4): 467-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=241717

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Staged repair of gastroschisis with Silastic Sheeting. Author(s): Cordero L, Touloukian RJ, Pickett LK. Source: Surgery. 1969 April; 65(4): 676-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4237710

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Staged silo repair of gastroschisis with preservation of the umbilical cord. Author(s): Komuro H, Imaizumi S, Hirata A, Matsumoto M. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1998 March; 33(3): 485-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9537562

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Superior mesenteric artery Doppler velocimetry and ultrasonographic assessment of fetal bowel in gastroschisis: a prospective longitudinal study. Author(s): Abuhamad AZ, Mari G, Cortina RM, Croitoru DP, Evans AT. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 May; 176(5): 985-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9166156

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Surgical management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Bryant LR, Beargie RA, Segnitz RH, Trinkle JK, Griffen WO Jr. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1970 May; 171(5): 752-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4245901

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Surgical treatment of gastroschisis. Description of a modification of the staged treatment for large defects. Author(s): Shim WK. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1971 May; 102(5): 524-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4252993

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Surveillance and outcome of fetuses with gastroschisis. Author(s): Brantberg A, Blaas HG, Salvesen KA, Haugen SE, Eik-Nes SH. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004 January; 23(1): 4-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14970991

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Tailoring the small-bowel follow-through examination postoperatively in gastroschisis patients. Author(s): Soboleski D, Daneman A, Manson D, Ein S. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1995; 25(4): 267-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7567233

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The aetiology of gastroschisis. Author(s): Curry JI, McKinney P, Thornton JG, Stringer MD. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 November; 107(11): 1339-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11117759

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The contemporary outcome of gastroschisis. Author(s): Driver CP, Bruce J, Bianchi A, Doig CM, Dickson AP, Bowen J. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 December; 35(12): 1719-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11101722

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The effect of gestational age at birth on morbidity in patients with gastroschisis. Author(s): Simmons M, Georgeson KE. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 August; 31(8): 1060-1; Discussion 1062. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8863234

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The effects of intraamniotic human neonatal urine and meconium on the intestines of the chick embryo with gastroschisis. Author(s): Olguner M, Akgur FM, Api A, Ozer E, Aktug T. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 March; 35(3): 458-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10726689

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The epidemiologic incidence of congenital gastroschisis in Western Australia. Author(s): Reid KP, Dickinson JE, Doherty DA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 September; 189(3): 764-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14526310

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The fate of undescended testes in patients with gastroschisis. Author(s): Levard G, Laberge JM. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1997 June; 7(3): 163-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9241504

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The fetus with gastroschisis managed by a trial of labor: antepartum and intrapartum complications. Author(s): Anteby EY, Sternhell K, Dicke JM. Source: Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association. 1999 October-November; 19(7): 521-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10685303

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The fetus with gastroschisis: impact of route of delivery and prenatal ultrasonography. Author(s): Adra AM, Landy HJ, Nahmias J, Gomez-Marin O. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 February; 174(2): 540-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8623781

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The 'gentle touch' technique in the treatment of gastroschisis. Author(s): Jona JZ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2003 July; 38(7): 1036-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12861533

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The importance of serial biophysical assessment of fetal wellbeing in gastroschisis. Author(s): Crawford RA, Ryan G, Wright VM, Rodeck CH. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1992 November; 99(11): 899-902. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1450139

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The influence of bowel atresia in gastroschisis on fetal growth, cardiotocograph abnormalities and amniotic fluid staining. Author(s): Dixon JC, Penman DM, Soothill PW. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 April; 107(4): 472-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10759264

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The influence of delay in closure of the abdominal wall on outcome in gastroschisis. Author(s): Driver CP, Bowen J, Doig CM, Bianchi A, Dickson AP, Bruce J. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2001; 17(1): 32-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11294264

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The influence of gestational age and mode of delivery on infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Dunn JC, Fonkalsrud EW, Atkinson JB. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1999 September; 34(9): 1393-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10507435

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The role of antepartum surveillance in the management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Adair CD, Rosnes J, Frye AH, Burrus DR, Nelson LH, Veille JC. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1996 February; 52(2): 141-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8855092

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The sonographic prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall based on our own study of twin pregnancies--gastroschisis. Author(s): Malinowski W, Biskup I. Source: Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1997; 46(2): 101-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9492892

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The survivors of gastroschisis. Author(s): Davies BW, Stringer MD. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1997 August; 77(2): 158-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9301359

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The Zavanelli maneuver for relief of abdominal dystocia associated with gastroschisis. Author(s): Hensleigh PA, Ray-Friele E, Chao A, Glasscock GF. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 January; 172(1 Pt 1): 221-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7847543

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Tracheal tube occlusion affecting surgical management of gastroschisis. Author(s): Burden RJ, Lawes EG. Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia. 1995; 5(2): 143-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7489427

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Transabdominal amnioinfusion to avoid fetal demise and intestinal damage in fetuses with gastroschisis and severe oligohydramnios. Author(s): Sapin E, Mahieu D, Borgnon J, Douvier S, Carricaburu E, Sagot P. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 April; 35(4): 598-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10770390

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Ultrasonographic assessment of intestinal damage in fetuses with gastroschisis: is it of clinical value? Author(s): Lenke RR, Persutte WH, Nemes J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 September; 163(3): 995-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2144952

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Ultrasonography in the prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis. Author(s): Bluth EI, Spanjers MA, Goldsmith JP, Sullivan MA. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1984 February; 77(2): 260-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6701600

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Ultrastructural study of the amniotic epithelium in a case of gastroschisis. Author(s): Grafe MR, Benirschke K. Source: Pediatr Pathol. 1990; 10(1-2): 95-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2138287

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Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry waveform abnormality in fetal gastroschisis. Author(s): Robinson JN, Abuhamad AZ, Evans AT. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 November; 10(5): 356-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9444052

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Umbilical preservation in gastroschisis. Author(s): Uceda J. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 October; 31(10): 1367-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8906663

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Umbilical reconstruction after repair of omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Park S, Hata Y, Ito O, Tokioka K, Kagawa K. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 July; 104(1): 204-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10597697

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Understanding gastroschisis: an abdominal wall defect. Author(s): Howell KK. Source: Neonatal Netw. 1998 December; 17(8): 17-25. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9934095

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Unsatisfactory experience with 'minimal intervention management' for gastroschisis. Author(s): Dolgin SE, Midulla P, Shlasko E. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 October; 35(10): 1437-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11051145

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Unusual presentations of gastroschisis. Author(s): Ashburn DA, Pranikoff T, Turner CS. Source: The American Surgeon. 2002 August; 68(8): 724-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12206609

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Use of a plastic hemoderivative bag in the treatment of gastroschisis. Author(s): Miranda ME, Tatsuo ES, Guimaraes JT, Paixao RM, Lanna JC. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1999 July; 15(5-6): 442-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10415316

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Vanishing gastroschisis and short-bowel syndrome. Author(s): Barsoom MJ, Prabulos A, Rodis JF, Turner GW. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 November; 96(5 Pt 2): 818-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11094219

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Vanishing gut in infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Kimble RM, Blakelock R, Cass D. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1999; 15(7): 483-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10525904

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Vanishing gut in infants with gastroschisis. Author(s): Sheth NP. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2001 July; 17(5-6): 500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11527205

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Vascular pathogenesis of gastroschisis. Author(s): Van Allen MI, Smith DW. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1981 April; 98(4): 662-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6451678

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Ventilatory support and primary closure of gastroschisis. Author(s): Bower RJ, Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Cobb ML. Source: Surgery. 1982 January; 91(1): 52-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6459656

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Ventral hernia in the treatment of omphalocele and gastroschisis. Author(s): Swartz KR, Harrison MW, Campbell JR, Campbell TJ. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1985 March; 201(3): 347-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3156566

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Ventricular tachycardia during repair of gastroschisis. Author(s): Saidi AS, Friedman RA, el Said H, Nuchtern JG, Fenrich AL. Source: Texas Heart Institute Journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital. 1998; 25(4): 306-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9885109

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Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants. Author(s): Davies MW, Kimble RM, Woodgate PG. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; (3): Cd003671. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12137704

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CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND GASTROSCHISIS Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to gastroschisis. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to gastroschisis and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to gastroschisis: •

Advances in gastrointestinal electrical stimulation. Author(s): Lin Z, Chen JD. Source: Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. 2002; 30(4-6): 419-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12739756

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Bacteremic infection with Pediococcus: vancomycin-resistant opportunist. Author(s): Barton LL, Rider ED, Coen RW. Source: Pediatrics. 2001 April; 107(4): 775-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11335758

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Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Author(s): Postuma R, Pease PW, Watts R, Taylor S, McEvoy FA.

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Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1978 August; 13(4): 393-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=150461 •

Gastroschisis in successive siblings: further evidence of an acquired etiology. Author(s): Chun K, Andrews HG, White JJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1993 June; 28(6): 838-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8331515

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Results of growth trophic therapy in children with short bowel syndrome. Author(s): Nucci AM, Finegold DN, Yaworski JA, Kowalski L, Barksdale EM Jr. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2004 March; 39(3): 335-9; Discussion 335-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15017548

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Treatment strategies for small bowel bacterial overgrowth in short bowel syndrome. Author(s): Vanderhoof JA, Young RJ, Murray N, Kaufman SS. Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 1998 August; 27(2): 155-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9702645

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

Alternative Medicine 49

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON GASTROSCHISIS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to gastroschisis. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on gastroschisis include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Chapters on Gastroschisis In order to find chapters that specifically relate to gastroschisis, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and gastroschisis using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on gastroschisis: •

Omphalocele and Gastroschisis: Pediatric Surgery Source: in Fitzgibbons, R.J.; Greenberg, A.G., eds. Nyhus and Condon's Hernia. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2002. p.423-433. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. P.O. Box 1600, Hagerstown, MD 21741. (800) 638-3030 or (301) 223-2300. Fax (301) 223-2365. PRICE: $179.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0781719623. Summary: Omphalocele (herniation around the umbilicus) and gastroschisis (incomplete closure of the abdominal wall) are two common congenital abdominal wall defects. This chapter on omphalocele and gastroschisis is from a lengthy textbook on the surgical management of hernias. Although an understanding of the etiology (cause) of these defects remains incomplete, most pediatric surgeons consider them as distinct embryologic and developmental malformations. The prenatal and newborn management of these disorders remains a major challenge in the modern pediatric surgical practice. The author examines briefly the embryology of normal abdominal wall

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development and specific fetal events believed to lead to the newborn presentation of either omphalocele or gastroschisis, and describes the current diagnostic and therapeutic management of infants with these congenital abdominal wall malformations. 9 figures. 38 references. •

Gastroschisis Source: in Hernia. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers. 1995. p. 352360. Contact: Available from Lippincott-Raven Publishers. 1185 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. (212) 930-9500. Fax (212) 869-3495. PRICE: $149 (as of 1995). ISBN: 0397512864. Summary: This chapter from a medical textbook on the diagnosis and treatment of hernia covers gastroschisis, a congenital malformation of the abdominal wall. Topics include the incidence of gastroschisis; preoperative care; operative therapy; and postoperative care. The chapter concludes with a comments section on specific aspects covered within the text, each with its own references. 10 figures. 29 references.

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CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON GASTROSCHISIS Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover gastroschisis.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on gastroschisis is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to gastroschisis. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “gastroschisis” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for gastroschisis: •

Maternal medication use linked to gastroschisis and intestinal atresia Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 10, 2002

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “gastroschisis” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to gastroschisis, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “gastroschisis” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Gastroschisis Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to gastroschisis. In addition to

Periodicals and News

55

these sources, you can search for articles covering gastroschisis that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

59

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute7: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

7

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.8 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

8

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 9 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway10 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.11 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 1189 6 12 0 15 1222

HSTAT12 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.13 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.14 Simply search by “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

10

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

11

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 12 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 13 14

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists15 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.16 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.17 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

15 Adapted 16

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 17 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on gastroschisis can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to gastroschisis. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to gastroschisis. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “gastroschisis”:

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Aneurysms http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/aneurysms.html Birth Defects http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/birthdefects.html Congenital Heart Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/congenitalheartdisease.html High Risk Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highriskpregnancy.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to gastroschisis. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. NORD (The National Organization of Rare Disorders, Inc.) NORD provides an invaluable service to the public by publishing short yet comprehensive guidelines on over 1,000 diseases. NORD primarily focuses on rare diseases that might not be covered by the previously listed sources. NORD’s Web address is http://www.rarediseases.org/. A complete guide on gastroschisis can be purchased from NORD for a nominal fee. PEDBASE Similar to NORD, PEDBASE covers relatively rare disorders, limited mainly to pediatric conditions. PEDBASE was designed by Dr. Alan Gandy. To access the database, which is more oriented to researchers than patients, you can view the current list of health topics covered at the following Web site: http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/pedlynx.htm.

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Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to gastroschisis. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with gastroschisis. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about gastroschisis. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “gastroschisis” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received

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your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “gastroschisis”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “gastroschisis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “gastroschisis” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.18

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

18

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)19: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

19

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

71

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

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National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

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National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

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New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

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New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

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New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

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New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

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Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

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On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

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Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

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Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on gastroschisis: •

Basic Guidelines for Gastroschisis Gastroschisis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000992.htm Gastroschisis repair Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002924.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Gastroschisis Breathing difficulties Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003075.htm Lump in the abdomen Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003277.htm Paralysis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003190.htm

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Polyhydramnios Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003267.htm Swelling Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003103.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Gastroschisis Fetal ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003778.htm Ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003336.htm

•

Surgery and Procedures for Gastroschisis Gastrostomy tube Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002937.htm Omphalocele repair Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002938.htm

•

Background Topics for Gastroschisis Amniotic fluid Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002220.htm Aspiration Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002216.htm Choking Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000047.htm Intravenous Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002383.htm Necrosis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002266.htm Pain medication Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002123.htm Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Respiratory Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002290.htm

Online Glossaries 77

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

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Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

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Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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GASTROSCHISIS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications. [NIH] Acetylcholinesterase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine to choline and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Aetiology: Study of the causes of disease. [EU] Agenesis: Lack of complete or normal development; congenital absence of an organ or part. [NIH]

Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alimentary: Pertaining to food or nutritive material, or to the organs of digestion. [EU] Alpha-fetoprotein: AFP. A protein normally produced by a developing fetus. AFP levels are usually undetectable in the blood of healthy nonpregnant adults. An elevated level of AFP suggests the presence of either a primary liver cancer or germ cell tumor. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Amnion: The extraembryonic membrane which contains the embryo and amniotic fluid.

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[NIH]

Amniotic Fluid: Amniotic cavity fluid which is produced by the amnion and fetal lungs and kidneys. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Analgesic: An agent that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness. [EU] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Antipyretic: An agent that relieves or reduces fever. Called also antifebrile, antithermic and febrifuge. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Aplasia: Lack of development of an organ or tissue, or of the cellular products from an organ or tissue. [EU] Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Ascites: Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. [NIH] Atresia: Lack of a normal opening from the esophagus, intestines, or anus. [NIH] Atypical: Irregular; not conformable to the type; in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. [EU] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Balloon dilation: A treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate enlargement. A tiny balloon is inflated inside the urethra to make it wider so urine can flow more freely

Dictionary 81

from the bladder. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: A benign (noncancerous) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy or BPH. [NIH] Beta-Endorphin: A peptide consisting of amino acid sequence 61-91 of the endogenous pituitary hormone beta-lipotropin. The first four amino acids show a common tetrapeptide sequence with methionine- and leucine enkephalin. The compound shows opiate-like activity. Injection of beta-endorphin induces a profound analgesia of the whole body for several hours. This action is reversed after administration of naloxone. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH] Bile Pigments: Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: bilirubin, biliverdine, and bilicyanin. [NIH] Biliary: Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) across cell membranes and epithelial layers, usually by passive diffusion. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Body Mass Index: One of the anthropometric measures of body mass; it has the highest correlation with skinfold thickness or body density. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bradykinin: A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from mast cells during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a

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neurotransmitter. [NIH] Caesarean section: A surgical incision through the abdominal and uterine walls in order to deliver a baby. [NIH] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Choline: A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. [NIH] Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials

Dictionary 83

including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Concomitant: Accompanying; accessory; joined with another. [EU] Congenita: Displacement, subluxation, or malposition of the crystalline lens. [NIH] Constipation: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cyanosis: A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. [NIH] Cyclic: Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles; the term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. [EU] De novo: In cancer, the first occurrence of cancer in the body. [NIH] Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diastole: Period of relaxation of the heart, especially the ventricles. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself

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throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Dilation: A process by which the pupil is temporarily enlarged with special eye drops (mydriatic); allows the eye care specialist to better view the inside of the eye. [NIH] Diploid: Having two sets of chromosomes. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing. [NIH] Dystocia: Difficult childbirth or labor. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life. [NIH] Endogenous: Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. [NIH] Endothelium: A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body. [NIH] Endothelium-derived: Small molecule that diffuses to the adjacent muscle layer and relaxes it. [NIH] Enkephalin: A natural opiate painkiller, in the hypothalamus. [NIH] Enterocolitis: Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the small and large bowel. [NIH] Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Esophageal: Having to do with the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH] Esophageal Atresia: Congenital failure of the full esophageal lumen to develop that commonly occurs with tracheoesophageal fistula. Symptoms include excessive salivation, gagging, cyanosis, and dyspnea. [NIH]

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Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (heart/embryology) only on the basis of time. [NIH] Fetal Monitoring: Physiologic or biochemical monitoring of the fetus. It is usually done during labor and may be performed in conjunction with the monitoring of uterine activity. It may also be performed prenatally as when the mother is undergoing surgery. [NIH] Fetoprotein: Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac with a view to detecting increases of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal blood during pregnancy, as this is an important indicator of open neural tube defects in the fetus. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. [NIH] Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gestational: Psychosis attributable to or occurring during pregnancy. [NIH] Gestational Age: Age of the conceptus. In humans, this may be assessed by medical history, physical examination, early immunologic pregnancy tests, radiography, ultrasonography, and amniotic fluid analysis. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Guanylate Cyclase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hernia: Protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. [NIH]

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Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water. [NIH] Hydronephrosis: Abnormal enlargement of a kidney, which may be caused by blockage of the ureter (such as by a kidney stone) or chronic kidney disease that prevents urine from draining into the bladder. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Ileal: Related to the ileum, the lowest end of the small intestine. [NIH] Ileostomy: Surgical creation of an external opening into the ileum for fecal diversion or drainage. Loop or tube procedures are most often employed. [NIH] Ileum: The lower end of the small intestine. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Imperforate Anus: A birth defect in which the anal canal fails to develop. The condition is treated with an operation. [NIH] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Inner ear: The labyrinth, comprising the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals. [NIH] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Mucosa: The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. [NIH]

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Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intramuscular: IM. Within or into muscle. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intravesical: Within the bladder. [NIH] Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Kidney Disease: Any one of several chronic conditions that are caused by damage to the cells of the kidney. People who have had diabetes for a long time may have kidney damage. Also called nephropathy. [NIH] Kidney stone: A stone that develops from crystals that form in urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney, in the renal pelvis, or in the ureters. [NIH] Laparotomy: A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Lens: The transparent, double convex (outward curve on both sides) structure suspended between the aqueous and vitreous; helps to focus light on the retina. [NIH] Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver cancer: A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the liver. [NIH]

Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Longitudinal study: Also referred to as a "cohort study" or "prospective study"; the analytic method of epidemiologic study in which subsets of a defined population can be identified who are, have been, or in the future may be exposed or not exposed, or exposed in different degrees, to a factor or factors hypothesized to influence the probability of occurrence of a given disease or other outcome. The main feature of this type of study is to observe large numbers of subjects over an extended time, with comparisons of incidence rates in groups that differ in exposure levels. [NIH] Loop: A wire usually of platinum bent at one end into a small loop (usually 4 mm inside diameter) and used in transferring microorganisms. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round

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or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [NIH] Malabsorption: Impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients. [EU] Malformation: A morphologic developmental process. [EU]

defect

resulting

from

an

intrinsically

abnormal

Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a fullterm fetus. It consists of secretions of the intestinal glands, bile pigments, fatty acids, amniotic fluid, and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. [NIH]

Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Mesenteric: Pertaining to the mesentery : a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall. [EU] Mesentery: A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the abdominal wall and conveys their blood vessels and nerves. [NIH] Methionine: A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Monosomy: The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1. [NIH] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Mosaicism: The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single zygote, as opposed to chimerism in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote. [NIH] Motility: The ability to move spontaneously. [EU] Mucilaginous: Pertaining to or secreting mucus. [NIH] Musculature: The muscular apparatus of the body, or of any part of it. [EU] Mydriatic: 1. Dilating the pupil. 2. Any drug that dilates the pupil. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH]

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Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A condition in which part of the tissue in the intestines is destroyed. Occurs mainly in under-weight newborn babies. A temporary ileostomy may be necessary. [NIH] Neonatal: Pertaining to the first four weeks after birth. [EU] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Neuromuscular: Pertaining to muscles and nerves. [EU] Neuromuscular Junction: The synapse between a neuron and a muscle. [NIH] Nicotine: Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. [NIH] Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells. It is synthesized from arginine by a complex reaction, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide is endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is released by the vascular endothelium and mediates the relaxation induced by some vasodilators such as acetylcholine and bradykinin. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic guanylate cyclase and thus elevates intracellular levels of cyclic GMP. [NIH]

Oligohydramnios: Presence of less than 300 ml of amniotic fluid at term. Principal causes include malformations of fetal urinary tracts, intra-uterine growth retardation, high maternal blood pressure, nicotine poisoning, and prolonged pregnancy. [NIH] Opiate: A remedy containing or derived from opium; also any drug that induces sleep. [EU] Organ Culture: The growth in aseptic culture of plant organs such as roots or shoots, beginning with organ primordia or segments and maintaining the characteristics of the organ. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Parenteral: Not through the alimentary canal but rather by injection through some other route, as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, intracapsular, intraspinal, intrasternal, intravenous, etc. [EU] Parenteral Nutrition: The administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by enteral feeding alone. Nutrients are administered by a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously). [NIH] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU]

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Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Percutaneous: Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination, or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. [EU] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Pericardial Effusion: Presence of fluid within the pericardium. [NIH] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneal Cavity: The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the stomach. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen. [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum; a condition marked by exudations in the peritoneum of serum, fibrin, cells, and pus. It is attended by abdominal pain and tenderness, constipation, vomiting, and moderate fever. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Platelet Aggregation: The attachment of platelets to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., thrombin, collagen) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a thrombus. [NIH] Platelets: A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called thrombocytes. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Postnatal: Occurring after birth, with reference to the newborn. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for

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the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Pregnancy Tests: Tests to determine whether or not an individual is pregnant. [NIH] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation embryo, fetus, or pregnant female before birth. [NIH] Preoperative: Preceding an operation. [EU] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Prosthesis: An artificial replacement of a part of the body. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Prune Belly Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by abdominal wall musculature deficiency, cryptorchism, and urinary tract abnormalities. The syndrome derives its name from its characteristic distended abdomen with wrinkled skin. [NIH] Pseudocholinesterase: An aspect of cholinesterases. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Pupil: The aperture in the iris through which light passes. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [NIH]

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Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Renal agenesis: The absence or severe malformation of one or both kidneys. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Respiration: The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). [NIH] Retreatment: The therapy of the same disease in a patient, with the same agent or procedure repeated after initial treatment, or with an additional or alternate measure or follow-up. It does not include therapy which requires more than one administration of a therapeutic agent or regimen. Retreatment is often used with reference to a different modality when the original one was inadequate, harmful, or unsuccessful. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro. [NIH] Salicylate: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. [NIH] Salicylic: A tuberculosis drug. [NIH] Salicylic Acids: Derivatives and salts of salicylic acid. [NIH] Salivation: 1. The secretion of saliva. 2. Ptyalism (= excessive flow of saliva). [EU] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Sebum: The oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands. It is composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris. [NIH] Sensibility: The ability to receive, feel and appreciate sensations and impressions; the quality of being sensitive; the extend to which a method gives results that are free from false negatives. [NIH]

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Sepsis: The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Short Bowel Syndrome: A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of small bowel. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Sil: The arithmetical average of the octave band sound pressure levels of a noise, centered on the frequencies 425, 850 and 1700 Hz together with the frequency 212 of the SIL in this band exceeds the others by 10 dB or more. [NIH] Skin graft: Skin that is moved from one part of the body to another. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal. [EU] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stricture: The abnormal narrowing of a body opening. Also called stenosis. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Tachycardia: Excessive rapidity in the action of the heart, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute. [NIH] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thorax: A part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; the chest. [NIH]

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Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tissue Culture: Maintaining or growing of tissue, organ primordia, or the whole or part of an organ in vitro so as to preserve its architecture and/or function (Dorland, 28th ed). Tissue culture includes both organ culture and cell culture. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Abnormal communication between the esophagus and the trachea, acquired or congenital, often associated with esophageal atresia. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Trophic: Of or pertaining to nutrition. [EU] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Umbilical Arteries: Either of a pair of arteries originating from the internal iliac artery and passing through the umbilical cord to carry blood from the fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Umbilical Cord: The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Umbilicus: The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fetus. [NIH] Ureter: One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the bladder. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urethral Obstruction: Obstruction anywhere along the urethra. [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urinary tract: The organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH]

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Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to ristocetin that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasodilators: Any nerve or agent which induces dilatation of the blood vessels. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins. [NIH] Vernix Caseosa: An unctuous substance composed of sebum and desquamated epithelial cells, which covers the skin of the fetus. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Visceral: , from viscus a viscus) pertaining to a viscus. [EU] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue. [NIH] Zygote: The fertilized ovum. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdomen, 75, 79, 81, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93 Abdominal, 6, 11, 12, 16, 25, 26, 36, 42, 43, 44, 51, 52, 79, 82, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94 Abdominal Pain, 79, 90 Acetylcholine, 79, 82, 89 Acetylcholinesterase, 7, 36, 79 Adverse Effect, 79, 93 Aetiology, 22, 25, 41, 79 Agenesis, 79 Algorithms, 79, 81 Alimentary, 79, 89 Alpha-fetoprotein, 7, 38, 79, 85 Alternative medicine, 54, 79 Amino acid, 79, 80, 81, 87, 88, 90, 91 Amino Acid Sequence, 79, 81 Amnion, 79, 80 Amniotic Fluid, 35, 36, 42, 79, 80, 85, 88, 89 Anaesthesia, 12, 43, 46, 80 Anal, 80, 86, 87 Analgesic, 80 Anesthesia, 14, 39, 80 Anomalies, 12, 80 Antibody, 80, 82, 86 Antigen, 80, 82, 86 Anti-inflammatory, 80, 92 Antipyretic, 80 Anus, 80 Aplasia, 4, 80 Arginine, 80, 89 Arteries, 80, 81, 83, 88, 94 Arterioles, 80, 81 Artery, 19, 23, 40, 44, 80, 81, 83, 94 Ascites, 8, 11, 80 Atresia, 9, 18, 19, 24, 27, 28, 34, 42, 53, 80 Atypical, 33, 80 Autologous, 4, 80 B Bacteria, 80, 88, 93 Balloon dilation, 10, 80 Benign, 80, 81 Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 80, 81 Beta-Endorphin, 7, 8, 81 Bile, 10, 81, 85, 87, 88 Bile duct, 10, 81 Bile Pigments, 81, 88 Biliary, 10, 81

Biochemical, 81, 85 Biological Transport, 81, 84 Biopsy, 81, 90 Biotechnology, 4, 5, 54, 61, 81 Bladder, 17, 19, 81, 86, 87, 91, 94 Blood pressure, 81, 89 Blood vessel, 4, 81, 84, 87, 88, 90, 95 Body Fluids, 81, 84 Body Mass Index, 6, 81 Bowel, 7, 17, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 48, 80, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93 Bradykinin, 81, 89 C Caesarean section, 11, 82 Carbon Dioxide, 14, 82, 90, 92 Cardiac, 4, 82, 88 Case report, 5, 6, 8, 10, 22, 26, 29, 82 Catheter, 32, 82 Cell, 4, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95 Cerebral, 16, 82 Cerebrum, 82 Cesarean Section, 14, 16, 17, 34, 82 Choline, 79, 82 Chromosomal, 82, 88 Chromosome, 82, 88 Chronic, 82, 86, 87, 93 Clinical trial, 3, 61, 82 Cloning, 81, 82 Complement, 82, 83 Complementary and alternative medicine, 47, 49, 83 Complementary medicine, 47, 83 Computational Biology, 61, 83 Conception, 83, 85 Concomitant, 27, 83 Congenita, 19, 83 Constipation, 83, 90 Contraindications, ii, 83 Coronary, 83, 88 Coronary Thrombosis, 83, 88 Curative, 83, 93 Cyanosis, 83, 84 Cyclic, 83, 85, 89 D De novo, 4, 83 Density, 81, 83 Diagnostic procedure, 54, 83

98

Gastroschisis

Diastole, 83 Diastolic, 16, 83 Diffusion, 4, 81, 83 Digestion, 79, 81, 84, 87, 93 Dilation, 17, 81, 84 Diploid, 84, 88, 90 Direct, iii, 84, 92 Drug Interactions, 84 Duct, 84, 93 Duodenum, 81, 84, 93 Dyspnea, 84 Dystocia, 43, 84 E Elective, 14, 38, 84 Embryo, 41, 79, 84, 91, 94 Embryology, 13, 51, 84, 85 Endogenous, 81, 84 Endothelium, 84, 89 Endothelium-derived, 84, 89 Enkephalin, 81, 84 Enterocolitis, 29, 84 Environmental Exposure, 28, 84 Environmental Health, 60, 62, 84 Enzyme, 79, 84, 85, 95 Epithelial, 81, 84, 95 Epithelial Cells, 84, 95 Epithelium, 44, 84 Esophageal, 4, 84, 94 Esophageal Atresia, 4, 84, 94 Esophagus, 80, 84, 85, 93, 94 F Family Planning, 61, 85 Fetal Heart, 39, 85 Fetal Monitoring, 7, 85 Fetoprotein, 85 Fetus, 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, 42, 79, 82, 85, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95 Fistula, 12, 40, 85 Fold, 85, 88 G Gallbladder, 8, 79, 81, 85 Gas, 82, 83, 85, 89 Gastric, 23, 85 Gastrointestinal, 12, 18, 47, 81, 85 Gene, 29, 81, 85 Germ Cells, 85, 93 Gestation, 7, 85, 90 Gestational, 9, 41, 43, 85 Gestational Age, 9, 41, 43, 85 Governing Board, 85, 91 Graft, 85 Grafting, 85, 86

Guanylate Cyclase, 85, 89 H Heredity, 85 Hernia, 4, 23, 32, 45, 51, 52, 85 Hormone, 81, 86 Hydrolysis, 79, 86 Hydronephrosis, 19, 86 Hypersensitivity, 28, 86 Hysterotomy, 82, 86 I Ileal, 18, 27, 86 Ileostomy, 86, 89 Ileum, 86 Immunologic, 85, 86 Imperforate Anus, 12, 86 Implantation, 4, 83, 86 In vitro, 4, 86, 92, 94 In vivo, 86 Incision, 82, 86, 87 Infarction, 83, 86, 88 Infection, 32, 47, 86, 87, 93 Inflammation, 25, 80, 84, 86, 90 Infusion, 23, 86 Inner ear, 86, 95 Intestinal, 5, 7, 9, 11, 18, 22, 24, 25, 28, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44, 53, 84, 86, 88 Intestinal Mucosa, 84, 86 Intestine, 22, 81, 87 Intracellular, 86, 87, 89 Intramuscular, 87, 89 Intravenous, 76, 86, 87, 89 Intravesical, 33, 87 Ionizing, 84, 87 K Kb, 60, 87 Kidney Disease, 60, 86, 87 Kidney stone, 86, 87 L Laparotomy, 36, 87 Large Intestine, 87, 93 Lens, 83, 87 Leucine, 81, 87 Lipid, 22, 82, 87 Liver, 15, 79, 81, 85, 87 Liver cancer, 79, 87 Localized, 86, 87, 90 Longitudinal study, 40, 87 Loop, 85, 86, 87 Lymphatic, 84, 86, 87, 93 Lymphatic system, 87, 93 Lymphocytes, 80, 87, 93

99

M Malabsorption, 88, 93 Malformation, 31, 52, 88, 92 Meconium, 25, 28, 41, 88 Medical Records, 88, 92 MEDLINE, 61, 88 Membrane, 15, 79, 83, 88 Mesenteric, 23, 40, 88 Mesentery, 88, 90 Methionine, 81, 88 MI, 7, 45, 77, 88 Microbiology, 80, 88 Modification, 40, 79, 88 Molecular, 30, 61, 63, 81, 83, 88 Monosomy, 16, 88 Morphological, 84, 88 Mosaicism, 16, 88 Motility, 5, 7, 88 Mucilaginous, 88 Musculature, 88, 91 Mydriatic, 84, 88 Myocardium, 88 N Necrosis, 76, 86, 88 Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 33, 89 Neonatal, 4, 21, 30, 36, 41, 44, 89 Nerve, 80, 89, 95 Neuromuscular, 79, 89 Neuromuscular Junction, 79, 89 Nicotine, 89 Nitric Oxide, 19, 89 O Oligohydramnios, 38, 43, 89 Opiate, 81, 84, 89 Organ Culture, 89, 94 Ovum, 85, 89, 95 P Palliative, 89, 93 Pancreas, 79, 89 Parenteral, 47, 89 Parenteral Nutrition, 47, 89 Patch, 26, 37, 89 Pathogenesis, 45, 89 Pathologic, 81, 83, 86, 89 Pelvis, 79, 87, 90, 94 Peptide, 79, 81, 90, 91 Percutaneous, 10, 90 Perforation, 7, 23, 90 Perfusion, 26, 90 Pericardial Effusion, 9, 90 Peritoneal, 80, 90 Peritoneal Cavity, 80, 90

Peritoneum, 88, 90 Peritonitis, 8, 90 Pharmacologic, 80, 90, 94 Physical Examination, 85, 90 Placenta, 90, 94 Plants, 82, 90, 94 Platelet Aggregation, 89, 90 Platelets, 89, 90 Pneumonia, 83, 90 Poisoning, 89, 90 Postnatal, 6, 11, 25, 90 Postoperative, 10, 33, 52, 90 Practice Guidelines, 62, 90 Pregnancy Tests, 85, 91 Prenatal, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 26, 32, 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 44, 51, 84, 91 Prenatal Diagnosis, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 32, 43, 44, 91 Preoperative, 52, 91 Prevalence, 4, 35, 37, 91 Prophylaxis, 15, 91 Prospective study, 87, 91 Prostate, 80, 81, 91 Prosthesis, 23, 91 Protein S, 81, 91 Proteins, 8, 79, 80, 82, 90, 91, 93, 94 Prune Belly Syndrome, 9, 91 Pseudocholinesterase, 36, 91 Public Policy, 61, 91 Publishing, 4, 66, 91 Pupil, 84, 88, 91 R Radiation, 84, 87, 91 Radioactive, 86, 91 Radiography, 85, 91 Radiological, 20, 90, 92 Radiology, 7, 12, 20, 32, 41, 92 Recurrence, 14, 36, 92 Refer, 1, 82, 92 Regimen, 92 Registries, 31, 92 Remission, 92 Renal agenesis, 5, 92 Resection, 92, 93 Respiration, 82, 92 Retreatment, 35, 92 Retrospective, 4, 35, 38, 92 Retrospective study, 4, 35, 92 Risk factor, 6, 28, 37, 91, 92 Ristocetin, 92, 95 S Salicylate, 92

100

Gastroschisis

Salicylic, 92 Salicylic Acids, 92 Salivation, 84, 92 Screening, 82, 92 Sebum, 92, 95 Sensibility, 80, 92 Sepsis, 23, 36, 93 Serum, 38, 82, 90, 93 Shock, 93, 94 Short Bowel Syndrome, 34, 48, 93 Side effect, 79, 93, 94 Sil, 20, 23, 35, 38, 39, 40, 93 Skin graft, 11, 93 Small intestine, 84, 86, 87, 93 Specialist, 25, 67, 84, 93 Species, 93, 94 Spleen, 15, 87, 93 Stenosis, 93 Stomach, 6, 79, 84, 85, 86, 90, 93 Stricture, 10, 93 Subacute, 86, 93 Subclinical, 86, 93 Subcutaneous, 89, 93 Systemic, 81, 86, 93 T Tachycardia, 46, 93 Testis, 18, 93 Therapeutics, 93 Thorax, 79, 93 Tissue, 4, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95 Tissue Culture, 4, 94 Toxic, iv, 84, 89, 94, 95

Toxicity, 84, 92, 94 Toxicology, 62, 94 Toxins, 80, 86, 94 Tracheoesophageal Fistula, 84, 94 Transfection, 81, 94 Transplantation, 4, 94 Trauma, 4, 88, 94 Trophic, 48, 94 U Ultrasonography, 13, 42, 44, 85, 94 Umbilical Arteries, 94 Umbilical Cord, 26, 32, 34, 37, 40, 94 Umbilicus, 37, 51, 94 Ureter, 86, 94 Urethra, 80, 81, 91, 94 Urethral Obstruction, 17, 94 Urinary, 18, 89, 91, 94 Urinary tract, 18, 89, 91, 94 Urine, 41, 80, 81, 86, 87, 94 V Vancomycin, 47, 95 Vascular, 4, 45, 84, 86, 89, 90, 95 Vasodilators, 89, 95 Vein, 87, 94, 95 Venules, 81, 95 Vernix Caseosa, 8, 95 Veterinary Medicine, 61, 95 Visceral, 36, 90, 95 Vitro, 95 W Wound Healing, 15, 95 Z Zygote, 83, 88, 95

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