My First Pocket Guide to Idaho

Idaho Basics

Idaho Geography

Idaho History

Idaho People

Idaho Places

Idaho Nature

Idaho Miscellany

by Carole Marsh

M My y F Fiir rs st t P Po oc ck ke et t G Gu uiid de e

B By y C Ca ar ro olle e M Ma ar rs sh h

The Carole Marsh Bob Longmeyer Chad Beard Cecil Anderson Steven Saint-Laurent Jill Sanders

Kathy Zimmer Terry Briggs Pat Newman Billie Walburn Jackie Clayton Pam Dufresne

Cranston Davenport Lisa Stanley Antoinette Miller Victoria DeJoy Al Fortunatti Shery Kearney

Published by GALLOPADE INTERNATIONAL

www.idahoexperience.com 800-536-2GET • www.gallopade.com ©2001 Carole Marsh • First Edition • All Rights Reserved. ©2011 Ebook Edition Character Illustrations by Lucyna A. M. Green. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. The Idaho Experience logo is a trademark of Carole Marsh and Gallopade International, Inc. A free catalog of The Idaho Experience Products is available by calling 800-536-2GET, or by visiting our website at www.idahoexperience.com.

Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations:

Other Idaho Experience Products • The Idaho Experience! • The BIG Idaho Reproducible Activity Book • The Idaho Coloring Book • My First Book About Idaho! • Idaho “Jography”: A Fun Run Through Our State • Idaho Jeopardy!: Answers and Questions About Our State • The Idaho Experience! Sticker Pack • The Idaho Experience! Poster/Map • Discover Idaho CD-ROM • Idaho “Geo” Bingo Game • Idaho “Histo” Bingo Game

A Word From the Author... (okay, a few words)... Hi! Here’s your own handy pocket guide about the great state of Idaho! It really will fit in a pocket—I tested it. And it really will be useful when you want to know a fact you forgot, to bone up for a test, or when your teacher says, “I wonder . . .” and you have the answer—instantly! Wow, I’m impressed! Get smart, have fun!

Idaho Basics

Idaho Geography

Carole Marsh

Idaho Basics explores your state’s symbols and their special meanings! Idaho Geography digs up the what’s where in your state! Idaho History is like traveling through time to some of your state’s great moments! Idaho People introduces you to famous personalities and your next-door neighbors! Idaho Places shows you where you might enjoy your next family vacation! Idaho Nature - no preservatives here, just what Mother Nature gave to Idaho!

Idaho History

Idaho People

Idaho Places

Idaho Nature

Idaho Miscellany

All the real fun stuff that we just HAD to save for its own section!

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State Name

Who Named You? Idaho’s official state name is...

Idaho

State Name

Word Definition

OFFICIAL: appointed, authorized, or approved by a government or organization

Statehood: July 3, 1890 Idaho will be on a statecommemorative quarter starting in the year 2007. Look for it in cash registers everywhere!

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Idaho was the 43rd state to join the Union. Coccinella noemnotata is my name (that’s Latin for ladybug)! What’s YOURS?

State Name Origin

W hat’s In A

Name ?

State

First suggested as the name for the Name Origin Colorado Territory in 1860, the name “Idaho” was given to a steamship that sailed the Columbia River. When gold was discovered on the Clearwater River in 1860, the diggings were called Idaho mines. Some believe a member of Congress made up the word. In 1863, the territory was officially named Idaho.

IDAHO

Many of Idaho’s cities and towns, such as Ketchum, Hailey, and Bellevue, started as boomtowns that grew overnight near silver, gold, and lead mines.

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State Nicknames

WHO Are You Calling Names? Idaho is not the only name by State which our state is recognized. Like Nicknames many other states, Idaho has some nicknames, official or unofficial!

Th

e

m e G State

Another Idaho nickname is “Land of Famous Potatoes!”

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A gem is something considered valuable, useful, or beautiful!

State Capital/Capitol

State Capital: Boise

Established 1863 Capital of Idaho Since1864

State Capital/ Capitol

Boise was established as a service center for nearby mining camps. Boise’s name came from FrenchCanadian fur trappers who shouted, “Les bois! Les bois!” when they saw the woods that line the Boise River. The trappers had just traveled through the desertlike area to the southeast. Bois is Boise’s capitol French for woods. building is heated by a geothermal well which pumps hot water to heat the building. Geothermal heat is produced by the earth.

Word Definition

CAPITAL: a town or city that is the official seat of government CAPITOL: the building in which the government officials meet

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State Government

Who’s in Charge Here? Idaho’s LEGISLATIVE

GOVERNMENT

has three branches:

EXECUTIVE

JUDICIAL

A governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, controllor, treasurer, superintendent of public instruction, and attorney general

Supreme Court has five justices. Lesser courts include court of appeals, district court, magistrate court.

State Government

Two Houses: The Senate (35 members) House of Representatives (70 members)

The number of legislators is determined by population, which is counted every ten years; the numbers are you When 18 and register above are according to certain to Idaho laws, you change as Idaho can vote! So grows and please do! Your vote counts! prospers! 8

State Flag

State Flag

Idaho’s current state flag was adopted in 1907. It features the state seal in the center of a blue field. Below the seal, the words “State of Idaho” are embroidered in gold block letters on a red band. As you travel

✮

throughout Idaho, count the times you see the Idaho flag! Look for it on government vehicles, too!

✮✮ ✮ 9

State Seal & Motto

State Seal The state seal features the major industries, forestry and agriculture, and Idaho’s beauty. The State Seal elk’s head above the & Motto shield represents Idaho’s wildlife. The seal also features the state flower, the Snake River, and state motto.

Word Definition

?

MOTTO: a sentence, phrase, or word expressing the spirit or purpose of an organization or group

State Motto Idaho’s state motto is... The state seal was designed by Emma Edwards Green. It is the only state seal designed by a woman.

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Esto Perpetua. It means “Let it be perpetual” in Latin.

The state seal was updated in 1957.

State Bird

Birds of a Feather Mountain Bluebird Idaho’s state bird is the mountain bluebird. These birds are very comfortable around people and are a common visitor at ranch houses. Mountain bluebirds usually live in pairs. The male is brighter than the female, with a sky-blue back and a lighter blue underside. The female is more gray, with some blue on her wing and tail. Mountain bluebirds mainly eat insects, which they pounce on from low tree branches. They nest in small hollows in trees, but as the number of trees decreases, bluebirds are finding it harder to find homes!

State Bird

Mountain bluebirds are not known as songbirds. If they do sing, it is usually before sunrise!

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State Tree

odm

“Wo

ris Mor

State Tree

that tree!”—Ge org e

e Pop

an ,

re spa

Western White Pine

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The Western white pine has been Idaho’s state tree since 1935. The tree’s wood has a straight grain and a soft, even texture. Most Western white pines can be found in northern Idaho. Western white pines have soft, blue-green needles and provide wonderful shade.

State Flower

State Flower

The white syringa is also called the mock orange because it looks, and smells, like an orange blossom.

RIDDLE:

If the state flower got mixed up with the state bird, what would you have? ANSWER: A blue orange!

Al

ow n.—

Wil

liam W ordsworth

The white syringa was White Syringa adopted as Idaho’s state flower in s ov r e lier 1931. Long nev flowe r on earth was before Idaho was a state, Native Americans used the shrub’s stems to make bows and arrows. Babies’ cradles were woven from syringa wood and soap was made from its leaves.

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A

State Horse

osa o l a p p

State Horse

The Appaloosa was adopted as the state horse in 1975. They are intelligent, fast, and hard working. Appaloosas were bred by the Nez Percé and served the tribe as warhorses. Today, Appaloosas can be found running races, in parades, and doing ranch work. The horses are recognized by their solid color The Appaloosa Museum and everywhere except their Heritage Center in Moscow rumps, which are spotted. looks at the history of the breed and its importance to the Nez Percé.

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Hey! Those spots look like mine!

State Fossil Hagerman Horse In 1928, a farmer named Elmer Cook was digging on the side of a bluff overlooking the Snake River near Hagerman when his shovel hit bones. The bones were sent to the Smithsonian Institution where people were amazed. Expeditions to the site collected an unbelievable number of fossils, mostly from horse-, or zebra-like animals. Over 130 complete horse skeletons have been recovered. The fossil beds are 3.5 million years old. Some scientists think the Hagerman Horse is a link between modern and prehistoric horses!

State Fossil

The Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument was established to protect the fossils which are embedded between two lava flows.

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State Folk Dance

Square Dance The legislature designated the square dance as the State American Folk Folk Dance of Idaho in Dance 1989. The square dance has been recorded in history since 1651. Very few women lived in Idaho during the early pioneer days, but that didn’t stop the men from dancing to the sounds of banjo and harmonica music. Half the men at a dance were given red bandanas to tie around their arms. The bandanas identified Square them as dancing includes the squares, “ladies” rounds, contra, clogging, line, for and heritage dancing. dances. 16

State Song Here We Have Idaho

Written by McKinley Helm and Albert J. Tompkins Music by Sallie Hume-Douglas And here we have Idaho Winning her way to fame. Silver and gold in the sunlight blaze, And romance lies in her name.

State Song

Singing, we’re singing of you, Ah, proudly, too; all our lives through, We’ll go singing, singing of you, Singing of Idaho. There’s truly one state in this great land of ours, Where ideals can be realized. The pioneers made it so for you and me, A legacy we’ll always prize. The state song was originally called “Garden of Paradise.” Renamed “Our Idaho,” it was the school song for the University of Idaho. The title was changed again when it was named the state song.

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State Gem

Idaho Star Garnet The star garnet was named Idaho’s state gem in 1967. The “stars” in star garnets have four rays which State seem to float on the surface of the Gem stone. Occasionally, a star garnet is found that has six rays. The stars are caused by the mineral rutile trying to intrude (to move in a molten state into a preexisting rock) into the garnet. Star garnets are usually dark purple or plum.

Star garnets are found in Latah and Benewah counties.

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Six-rayed star garnets are prized by collectors.

State Insect

Monarch Butterfly State Insect

The state legislature adopted the monarch butterfly as the state insect in 1992.

The Monarch is found throughout the world but mainly in North America. Each fall, monarch butterflies migrate south to California, Florida, and Mexico. In the two-year lifetime of most of the butterflies, the monarch makes the trip twice. 19

State Fish

Cutthroat Trout State Fish

The cutthroat trout was adopted as state fish in 1990. The cutthroat trout is native to Idaho. Its body color changes with the back ranging from steel gray to olive green. The sides can be yellow brown with red or pink along the belly. Its name comes from the redorange slash on its lower jaw. d Idaho Broile ut ro T t a Cutthro Drizzle filet on foil. Put a trout on juice. Sprinkle with lem d pepper. Add with salt an oked ham and shredded sm until done. broil fish

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Sounds fishy to me!

State Map The State of

Idaho State Map

The outline of Idaho looks like a frying pan or a capital L. States are great!

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State Location Idaho is one of the Rock y M o u nt a i n s t a t e s. State Location

T H E CO N T I G U O U S U N I T E D S TAT E S Idaho

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Word Definition

LATITUDE: Imaginary lines which run horizontally east and west around the globe LONGITUDE: Imaginary lines which run vertically north and south around the globe

State Neighbors

On The Border! These border Idaho: States: Washington Wyoming

Oregon Nevada

Body of water:

Snake River

Country:

Montana Utah State Neighbors

Canada CANADA

Washington

Oregon

ake R iver Sn

Montana

IDAHO Wyoming

Nevada Utah

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East-West, North-South, Area

I’ll Take the Low Road… Idaho stretches 579 miles (931.8 kilometers) from north to south—or south to north. Either way, it’s a long drive! Total Area: Approximately 83,574 square miles (216,440 square kilometers)

East-West, North-South, Area

Land Area: Approximately 82,751 square miles (214,309 square kilometers) Idaho is 300 miles (482.8 kilometers) from east to west—or west to east. Either way, it’s still a long drive! This is a compass rose. It helps you find the right direction on a map!

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Highest & Lowest Points

You Take the High Road!

HIGHEST POINT Borah Peak—12,662 feet (3,859.4 meters)

Highest & Lowest Points

Borah Peak was named for William E. Borah who served as a U.S. senator from Idaho for 33 years. LOWEST POINT Snake River at Lewiston—710 feet (216.4 meters)

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State Counties

I’m County-ing on You! Idaho is divided into 44 counties.

State Counties

Word Definition

COUNTY: an administrative subdivision of a state or territory

1, 2, 3, 4, 5...

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6, 7, 8, 9, 10...

Natural Resources It’s All Natural!

More than 34 percent of Idaho is covered in forests. Northern Idaho is the country’s leading source of Western white pine.

Word Definition

NATURAL RESOURCES: things that exist in or are formed by nature

Natural Resources

Rocks and minerals:

Silver Lead Phosphate Rock Gold Zinc Rock and Roll!

The most common game fish in Idaho’s waters is the rainbow trout.

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Weather

Weather, Or Not?! Idaho’s temperatures can drop to 16°F (-8.9°C) in the winter and reach 75°F (24°C) in the summer. Weather

Highest temperature: 118°F (48°C), Orofino, July 28, 1934 ºF=Degrees Fahrenheit ºC=Degrees Celsius

Lowest temperature: -60°F (-51°C), Island Park Dam, January 18, 1943

The Snake River Plain receives less than 10 in. (25 centimeters) of rain each year, while northern and central Idaho get 50 in. (127 cm).

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Topography

The Great Basin is a large triangular area occupying western Utah, eastern California, Nevada, and small parts of Wyoming and Oregon, as well as Idaho.

100 m 328 ft 200 m 656 ft 500 m 1,640 ft 2,000 m 1,000 m 6,562 ft 3,281 ft

TOPOGRAPHY: the detailed mapping of Word Definition the features of a small area or district

Topography

5,000 m 16,404 ft

Idaho has parts of four major geographic regions. The Northern Rockies cover most of the Panhandle and central Idaho. The Columbia Plateau extends from the Snake River Plain to Coeur d’Alene Lake. A small section of southern Idaho is in the Great Basin region. Along the Wyoming border is a narrow section of the Middle Rockies.

Sea Level

Back On Top

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Mountains and Ranges

King of the Hill

Mountains and Ranges

• Clearwater Mountains • Salmon River Mountains • Sawtooth Mountains • Caribou Mountains • Bear River Mountains • Owyhee Mountains • Bitterroot Mountains • Beaverhead Mountains • Lost River Mountains • Snake River Mountains • Seven Devils Mountains

Climb every mountain…

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Rivers

Down The River Here are some of Idaho’s major rivers:

• Bear River • Snake River • Salmon River • Clearwater River • Kootenai River • Pend Oreille River • Spokane River • St. Joe River • Coeur d’Alene River • Boise River • Big Lost River • Little Lost River • Big Wood River • Blackfoot River • Payette River Because most of • Weiser River Idaho is west of Grab a paddle!

Rivers

the Continental Divide, its rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean, except for the Bear River. It flows southeast into Utah’s Great Salt Lake.

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Major Lakes

Gone Fishin’ ● Lake Pend Oreille ● Priest Lake Major Lakes

● Hayden Lake ● Coeur d’Alene Lake ● Payette Lake ● Henry’s Lake Lake Pend Oreille is the largest natural lake in Idaho and covers 248 square miles (383 square kilometers).

● Bear Lake ● American Falls Reservoir ● Palisades Reservoir ● Blackfoot River Reservoir ● Anderson Ranch

Reservoir ● Lucky Peak Reservoir

● Cascade Reservoir ● Dworshak Reservoir Word Definition

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RESERVOIR: a body of water stored for public use

Cities & Towns Are You a citymouse… or a Country Mouse?

I Fel ts Bliss uch Sw Salm over m eet on c y atch .

Have you heard of these wonderful Idaho town, city, or crossroad names? Perhaps you can start your own list!

MAJOR CITIES: • Boise • Pocatello • Idaho Falls • Nampa • Twin Falls • Coeur d’Alene • Lewiston • Moscow

Cities & Towns

UNIQUE NAMES:

• Bliss • Bonanza • Crouch • Deary • Felt • Filer • Lucile • Salmon • Star • State Line • Sweet

ar y De hit a y M ile za c Lu onan e B t th e. a Lin te Sta

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Transportation Major Interstate Highways I-84 I-15 I-90 I-86 Idaho has 46,108 miles (74,204 kilometers) of highway, including 611 miles (983 kilometers) of interstate.

Railroads Transportation

Two major intercontinental railroads cross the state and 1,980 miles (3,187 kilometers) of railroad track chug through Idaho.

Major Airports Air transportation is the only way to reach some of Idaho’s remote areas. Idaho has 188 airports, many of them private. Boise is home to the state’s busiest airport.

Seaport Lewiston has Idaho’s only port. Barge traffic travels to the Pacific Ocean by a series of dams on the Snake and Columbia rivers.

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Timeline 1730 Shoshone Indians acquire horses 1803 U.S. buys Louisiana Territory, including part of present-day Idaho, from France 1805 Members of the Lewis and Clark expedition travel through Idaho 1809 The first trading post in the area is built at Lake Pend Oreille by David Thompson 1834 Fort Hall and Fort Boise are established 1860 Elias Pierce discovers gold on Orofino Creek 1863 Idaho becomes a U.S. territory 1877 U.S. soldiers defeat the Nez Percé Indians 1884 Silver deposits found in Coeur d’Alene Mountains Timeline 1890 Idaho becomes a state on July 3 1905 Former governor Frank Steunenberg is murdered 1938 First paved highway connecting northern and southern Idaho opens 1942 Thousands of Japanese Americans living on the Pacific Coast are sent to Minidoka Relocation Center in Jerome County 1975 Columbia-Snake River Inland Waterway opens, Lewiston becomes the farthest inland seaport in the West 1992 Three people are killed in a standoff between federal agents and the Randy Weaver family at Ruby Ridge

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Early History

Here come the humans! Early History

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Thousands of years ago, ancient peoples inhabited Idaho. They may have originally come across a frozen bridge of land between Asia and Alaska. If so, they slowly traveled east until some settled in what would one day become the state of Idaho. The first Idahoans left behind prehistoric rock art called pictographs (designs These early people painted on rock) and were nomadic hunters who petroglyphs (symbols traveled in small bands. They scratched into rocks). camped when The art was used to seasons offered hunting, fishing, mark trails, record and fruit and nut gathering. events, and communicate with spirits.

Early Indians Native Americans Once Ruled! Several early Indian groups made Idaho their home. The Kootenai, Pend d’Oreille, and Coeur d’Alene groups lived in northern Idaho. The Nez Percé settled in the region between Oregon’s Blue Mountains and northern Idaho’s Bitterroot Mountains. In the summer, the northern Indians ate fish and berries. In the winter, they traveled to Montana to hunt bison, elk, and bear. The Shoshone, Bannock, and Paiute tribes lived in southern Idaho. They used weirs (an enclosure set in a river to catch fish) and caught salmon by the thousands. Then, they dried and smoked the salmon on wooden racks. They stored the dried meat in pits lined with grass and leaves during the winter.

Word Definition

Early Indians

WAMPUM: beads, pierced and strung, used by Indians as money or for ornaments

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Exploration

Land Ho!

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark entered Idaho in 1805 through Lemhi Pass when they were exploring the Louisiana Territory from St. Louis, Missouri, to the Pacific Ocean. The Shoshone and the Nez Percé helped the expedition travel the Clearwater and Snake Rivers to the Columbia River and the Pacific coast. After they reached the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark returned Exploration to St. Louis and passed through Idaho again. Lewis and Clark sketched maps of their route. Their news about the area’s wildlife spread quickly and fur trappers headed to the Northwest. British trading companies soon claimed the region and established trading posts. American The fur fur trappers soon entered trappers and Idaho and built their own traders of the trading posts. The fur Northwest trappers also looked for were known less difficult routes to get as mountain men. them around Idaho’s mountains. 38

Settlement

Home, Sweet Home

In 1809, David Thompson, a British-Canadian trapper and surveyor, TRADING established the first POST trading post in Idaho, Kullyspell House at Lake Pend Oreille. In 1811, Wilson Price Hunt and Donald Mackenzie of the Pacific Fur Company led a party through the Snake River valley on their way to the company’s headquarters at the mouth of the Columbia River. Their route later became part of the Oregon Trail, one of the Settlement main routes used by pioneers in the 1840s and 1850s. Missionaries also began taking an interest in Idaho. The first mission in Idaho was established in 1836 in the Clearwater River Valley by Henry and Eliza Spalding. They taught the Indians about Christianity and how to farm. Jesuit missionary Father Pierre Jean De Smet In 1850, the established the Mission of Mission of the Sacred Heart the Sacred Heart on the St. moved east Joe River in 1842. near Cataldo. It But Idaho’s first is the oldest permanent settlement building in Idaho. wasn’t established until 1860 when Mormon settlers founded Franklin on the Utah border.

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Fantastic Furs Fur traders started taking an interest in the Northwest after reading the reports of explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. America’s Pacific Fur Company, the Hudson’s Bay Company of Great Britain, and the British-French Canadian North West Company competed with each other for furs. Beaver furs were prized. Fantastic As the fur trading Furs business grew, the companies established trading posts. Native Americans started working for the companies as hired trappers. A trading practice called the rendezvous (a yearly meeting at an appointed time and place) started when mountain men and Indians met to trade goods. The largest rendezvous ever held was in 1832 at Pierre’s Hole in presentday Teton County. 40

Legends and Lore

According to Nez Percé legend, a great council was held in the days of the animal kingdom to help them get ready for the coming of mankind. The coyote, the animals’ leader, and the council made decisions on how long winter should last, when the salmon should come up the river, and where animals should live. The last question was how to divide night from day. The grizzly Legends and Lore bear wanted five years of day and five years of night, enough time to get in a good sleep. The chipmunk said little animals couldn’t last that long without food. They argued until the bear became confused, and agreed with the chipmunk—one day, one night! The bear became so angry he scratched stripes down chipmunk’s back. The coyote felt sorry for the bear. He told bear to find a cave in the mountains and sleep during the long winter months. 41

Revolution

Freedom! Freedom! Before the first explorers even traveled to Idaho, some settlers in the 13 original colonies felt that England ignored their ideas and concerns. In 1775, the colonies went to war with England. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence Revolution was signed. The fighting ended in 1781 at the Battle of Yorktown. The colonists had won! In 1783, the Treaty of Paris officially ended the Revolutionary War. At the time of the American Revolution, a It would be smallpox epidemic swept more than 100 years after the through the Great Plains Revolution from the east in 1781 and ended before Idaho became killed many members of a state. the Nez Percé and Coeur d’Alene tribes. 42

Incredible Journey President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore 1803 Louisiana Purchase lands. They left St. Louis, Missouri, in May 1804 with 36 men to explore the wilderness and look for a water route to the Pacific coast. They hired Toussaint Charbonneau, a fur trader, as interpreter. They asked his wife, a Shoshone named Sacajawea, and their infant son to come along. Lewis and Clark felt having Sacajawea and her Incredible Journey baby with them would be a peaceful sign to the Indians. Sacajawea helped establish friendly relations with the Shoshone when the expedition reached Idaho. While trading with the Indians for supplies and horses, she recognized Sacajawea was the chief as her brother, born in Idaho. She was captured Cameahwait. by another tribe as a child, then Sacajawea helped the traded as a slave to the Hidatsa. expedition in many ways. Charbonneau either bought When they were low on her or won her as food she knew where to a bet. find roots and berries, and how to cook them. 43

The Civil War

The Civil War was fought between the American states. The argument was over states’ rights to make their own decisions, including whether or not to own slaves. Some of the southern states began to secede (leave) the Union. They formed the Confederate States of America. In 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. The fighting in the East The Civil overshadowed an 1863 Idaho War battle between the Shoshone Indians and federal soldiers from Fort Douglas, Utah. Angry about being pushed off their land by settlers, the Shoshone started attacking homesteads. Colonel Patrick Conner and his men were sent to stop the Indians. The soldiers surrounded the Indian camp at Bear River and attacked. More than 350 Shoshone men, women, and children were killed.

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Word Definition

RECONSTRUCTION: the recovery and rebuilding period following the Civil War

The Civil War

In 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation, given by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, freed the slaves still under Confederate control. Some slaves became sharecroppers; others went to Northern states to work in factories.

The Civil War was also called the War Between the States. Soldiers often found themselves fighting against former friends and neighbors, even brother against brother. Those who did survive often went home without an arm, leg, or both, since amputation was the “cure” for most battlefield wounds. More Americans were killed during the Civil War than during World Wars I and II together!

The Civil War

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Famous Documents

Get It In Writing! 1776 Declaration of Independence 1789 U S Constitution

Famous Documents

1848 Idaho becomes part of the Oregon Territory 1863 Creation of Idaho Territory 1885 Mormons lose right to vote after passage of Test Oath Act 1889 State Constitution 1896 Mormons regain right to vote

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Immigrants

Welcome To America! People have come to Idaho from other states and many other countries on almost every continent! As time goes by, Idaho’s population grows more diverse. This means that people of different races and from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds have moved to Idaho. In the past, many immigrants have come to Idaho from Finland, Sweden, Italy, China, and Immigrants Spain. Basques are descendants of people from northern Spain. Idaho is home to the largest concentration of Basques in the U.S. and the largest colony in the world outside of Spain’s Pyrenees Mountains. More recently, people have migrated to Idaho from Hispanic countries such as Mexico. Only a certain number of immigrants are allowed to move to America each year. Many of these immigrants eventually become U.S. citizens.

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Disasters & Catastrophes!

1910

Fire in northern Idaho known as “the Big Blowup” kills 85 people and destroys thousands of acres

1972

Fire in the Sunshine silver mine in Shoshone County kills 91 men Disasters & Catastrophes!

1976

Teton Dam collapses and releases 80 billion gallons (302.8 billion liters) of water into the farmlands below it; 11 people die

1983

An earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale shakes Idaho; two children are killed and millions of dollars in damage

1988

Forest fires burn more than 300,000 acres (121,407 hectares) of forests 48

Legal Stuff

1890

Great Northern Railroad Preserve Act provides for railroad construction from St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington through northern Idaho

1894

Carey Act grants federal land to states that successfully complete irrigation programs

1899–1901

Martial law is declared and federal troops arrive after labor unrest leads to destruction of the Bunker Hill complex at Wardner

Legal Stuff

1902

National Reclamation Act provides for direct federal assistance to districts unable to build irrigation canals on their own

1968

National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act preserves sections of Idaho’s wilderness

1988

Idaho state lottery is approved 49

Women & Children

1837

Henry and Eliza Spalding establish the first school for Native American children at the Lapwai Mission

SCHOOL

1860

Mormons found the first school for settlers’ children in Franklin Women & Children

1882

Idaho’s first high school opens in Boise

1896

Idaho grants women the right to vote

1918

Laura Starcher of Parma becomes the first woman mayor in the U.S. 50

Wars

Fight! Fight! Fight! Wars that Idahoans have participated in: ● Mexican-American War ● Indian Wars ● Civil War ● Nez Percé War ● Bannock War ● Sheepeaters War ● Spanish-American War ● World War I ● World War II ● Korean War ● Vietnam War ● Persian Gulf War

Wars

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Idaho Potatoes This Spud’s For You Idaho is paradise for potatoes. Over 500 square miles (1,295 square kilometers) of the state are planted in potatoes. In May and June, the potato’s vinelike leaves and yellow flowers can be seen along the backroads of the Snake River Valley. Potatoes are tubers (swollen roots) that grow in bunches under the ground. The combination of the state’s light, moist volcanic soil, hot days, cold nights, and water from melting snow in nearby mountains makes Idaho’s potatoes a taste treat. Potatoes are native to the Andes Mountains of Bolivia and Peru. The potato made its way to Europe after Idaho Spanish conquistadors overran the Potatoes Incan empire. Immigrants to the U.S. brought potatoes with them during the early 19th century. Idaho is most famous for the Russet Burbank. Luther Burbank, a pioneer in plant experimentation, developed the original seedlings in the 1870s. Idaho is the leading producer of the versatile vegetable in the U.S. and grows about one-third of the nation’s potato crop. To make sure you are buying genuine Idaho potatoes, look for the “Grown in Idaho” seal. 52

Indian Tribes Shoshone Nez Percé Coeur d’Alene Pend d’Oreille Kootenai Bannock Paiute When explorers first came to Idaho, their relationship with the Native Americans was peaceful. As more and more settlers arrived, the Native Americans felt they were being pushed out of their homelands. Treaties were signed and reservations were created. But as gold and silver were The Indians of discovered, the treaties Idaho could not have known that were ignored and the the coming of the white man tribes were forced to would mean an end to the way relocate again. of life they had

Indian Tribes

known for hundreds of years.

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Explorers and Settlers

Here, There, Everywhere! John Colter traveled with Lewis and Clark, but left them on the return trip. He explored the region between the Teton Valley and what is now Yellowstone National Park. His stories of geysers and hot springs led people to call the area Colter’s Hell.

Andrew Henry and a group of trappers established a winter headquarters at Henry’s Fork in 1810. Boston businessman Nathaniel Wyeth established Fort Hall in 1834. Explorers and Settlers

Mountain Men Jim Bridger and Jedediah Smith explored Idaho and hunted for beaver furs.

Elias Pierce discovered gold on Orofino Creek in 1860, which brought settlers to the region.

N E

W Bon Voyage!

S 54

State Founders

Founding Fathers David Thompson established Idaho’s first trading post, Kullyspell House, at Lake Pend Oreille. Missionary Henry Harmon Spalding established Idaho’s first church and first school at Lapwai Mission. Asa Bowen Smith, also a missionary, taught the Nez Percé near Kamiah and compiled a Nez Percé dictionary. Father Pierre Jean De Smet, a Jesuit missionary, established a mission and worked with the Coeur d’Alene Indians. Father Anthony Ravalli built the Cataldo Mission, Idaho’s oldest standing State building.

Founding Mothers

Founders

Eliza Spalding and Sarah Smith came to Idaho with their missionary husbands. Eliza drew pictures and used interpreters to teach stories from the Bible. Mary Awkright Hutton talked 40 Ohio coal miners into going with her to north Idaho’s gold mines. She and her husband became silver millionaires. She was the first woman in history elected as a delegate to the Democratic national convention. 55

Famous Native-Americans Joseph Garry served as tribal leader of the Coeur d’Alene for 20 years. He also served as president of the National Congress of American Indians, the largest Native American group in the U.S. Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé refused to sign a treaty that stripped his people of their land, then led them on an 1,800-mile (2,900-kilometer) retreat to Canada before surrendering to U.S. soldiers.

Famous NativeAmericans

Chief White Bird of the Nez Percé, along with Chief Joseph, also refused to accept a treaty. He led a group of about 100 to Canada and settled there.

Chief Buffalo Horn of the Bannock led his tribe into war against settlers in the Snake River Valley in 1878. Tendoy was chief of the Lemhi band of the Shoshone who earned the respect of both his people and the U.S. government. He opposed his tribe’s relocation to a reservation. 56

Ghosts

An immigrant miner known as Russian John started haunting Wood River in Baker Creek. He comes from behind bushes to scare campers. Manuel Sato haunts Loon Creek in Boise. Sato was stabbed to death by a robber while he was cooking breakfast on a camping trip. D

Ghosts

O Y

At Spirit lake, a young girl with long black hair wearing a white dress can be seen in a canoe on top of the water.

O

U

B ELIEVE

IN

G H O S T S?

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Sports Stuff Idaho residents and tourists have a wide variety of outdoor sports to choose from—hunting, fishing, skiing, backpacking, camping, or rafting. Jackson Sundown—Nez Percé horseman; won the World Saddle Bronc Riding Championship at the age of 50 in 1916; only Native American to win the title Walter “Big Train” Johnson— professional baseball player; one of first five selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame Harmon Killebrew—professional baseball player, inducted into Hall of Fame in 1984 Sports Stuff

Vernon Law—professional baseball player Larry Wilson—professional football player, elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1978 Jerry Kramer—professional football player

Picabo Street—Olympic skier Ruthie Matthes—Olympic mountain biker Charles Burton—Olympic wrestler

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Entertainers Lana Turner—actress, known as the “sweater girl” because of her trademark sweaters; films included The Postman Always Rings Twice, Peyton Place, and We Who Are Young Mariel Hemingway— actress, granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway, appeared in a number of films Marjorie Reynolds— actress, starred in Life of Riley

Entertainers

Rosalie Sorrels—singer, composer; wrote “White Clouds” and “Rosalie, You Can’t Go Home Again” Rudy Gonzales—cowboy entertainer; represented Idaho at the Kennedy Center of the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., on Idaho State Day 59

Authors ✒ Carol Ryrie Brink—writer: won Newberry Award for Caddie Woodlawn in 1936 ✒ Janet Campbell Hale—writer ✒ Christine Quintasket—writer, pen name was Mourning Dove or Hum-ishu-ma ✒ Ezra Pound—poet, translator, literary critic ✒ Nelle Davis, Annie Pike Greenwood, Inez Puckett McEwen, Grace Jordan—writers, all published books of their personal accounts of life in Idaho ✒ Vardis Fisher—writer, described Idaho frontier life in his novels, noted works include A Tale of Valor: A Novel of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and Mountain Man ✒ Lawrence Henry Flipson—writer, received Pulitzer Prize for historical writing in 1962 Authors

✒ Laurel Thatcher Ulrich—writer, received Pulitzer Prize for historical writing in 1991

Which novel won both the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for literature for Ernest Hemingway? Answer: The Old Man and the Sea

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✒ Ted Trueblood—writer, contributed to Field and Stream, Elks Magazine, and True; received many honors for his work in conservation ✒ Ernest Hemingway— writer, best known for The Old Man and the Sea, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Torrents of Spring, A Farewell to Arms

Artists Margaretta Brown—painter, best known for scenes of Idaho’s progress George W. Russell— painter, captured scenes of Idaho’s progress on canvas Thomas Moran—painter, best known for Idaho’s landscapes Charles Ostner—sculptor, carved the equestrian statue of George Washington at the state capitol building from a huge log of Ponderosa pine Gutzon Borglum— sculptor, carved the busts of Presidents Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson, and Roosevelt on the granite face of Mount Rushmore in South Dakota

Artists

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Very Important People Philo Taylor Farnsworth—engineer, inventor; built the image dissector, an invention that led to the creation of television, at age 16 while living in Rigby T.H. Bell—educator; secretary of education under President Ronald Reagan Joe Albertson—businessman, founded grocery store chain J.R. Simplot—industrialist; enterprises include cattle, computer chips, fertilizer, mining, wool, and frozen and dehydrated potatoes Betty Penson-Ward—writer, author of Who’s Who of Idaho Women of the Past and Idaho Women in History Very Important People

SCHOOL

Margaret Roberts—established Idaho’s first free kindergarten, known as the “Susan B. Anthony of Idaho”

Minnie Howard—teacher, doctor; founder of the Pocatello Carnegie Library Robert Vail Hansberger— businessman

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Ira B. Perrine—engineer, developer; got the money needed to irrigate Idaho’s dry lands, experimented with crops

More Very Important People Pete Cenarrusa—politician, state official; served nine consecutive terms in the Idaho house of representatives; appointed as Idaho secretary of state in 1967; longest serving official in Idaho history C.K. Ah-Fong—physician; Chinese immigrant who settled near Boise in the 1860s, specialized in herbal remedies Nephi and Golden Grigg—businessmen; brothers who founded frozen potato company; developed product known as Tater Tots™ Lillian Bounds Disney—wife of Walt Disney; born and raised in Idaho More Very Important “China Polly” Bemis—Chinese slave People smuggled into the U.S. in the 1870s; saved the life of Charlie Bemis; biographical novel Thousand Pieces of Gold by Ruthanne Lum McCunn is based on her life

Cecil Andrus—governor, served as secretary of the interior for President Jimmy Carter; set aside Birds of Prey National Conservation Area on the Snake River

OUR LAND!

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Political Leaders Larry Craig—legislator, U.S. senator; elected in 1990, re-elected in 1996 Mike Crapo—legislator, U.S. representative; U.S. senator Dirk Kempthorne—U.S. senator; elected as Idaho’s governor in 1998 Frank Steunenberg—governor, declared martial law against Coeur d’Alene strikers; murdered four years after leaving office Moses Alexander—politician; served as governor; first Jewish governor in the U.S. William Edgar Borah—politician, prosecutor for the Steunenberg murder trial; U.S. senator Frank Church—U.S. senator; sponsored legislation to create Sawtooth National Recreation Area Political Leaders

Fred T. Dubois—U.S. senator; led fight for Idaho’s statehood Orval Hansen—lawyer, U.S. representative

William Averell Harriman—statesman, businessman; founded Sun Valley in 1936 James McClure—U.S. representative, U.S. senator William McConnell—legislator, U.S. senator, governor Gracie Bowers Pfost—politician; first Idaho woman to serve as U.S. representative Robert Smylie—governor; started construction of dams on the Snake River

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Good Guys and Bad Guys

Good Guys:

George Laird Shoup—miner, businessman, politician; governor of Idaho Territory and first governor of state; U.S. senator; sponsored idea of secret ballot for state elections Edward A. (E.A.) Stevenson—governor of Idaho Territory; called Idaho constitutional convention in 1890; used his influence to convince U.S. President Grover Cleveland to not divide Idaho into more than one state Colonel John W. Jones—soldier, publisher of Idaho News in Blackfoot; led Idaho troops during the SpanishAmerican War

Bad Guys:

Harry Orchard—labor organizer; helped with Bunker Hill and Sullivan bombings in Good Guys and Bad 1899; killed former governor Frank Guys Steunenberg in 1905 Henry Plummer—outlaw; formed gang known as the Innocents; terrorized Lewiston; lynched Mountain Man along with two of Jedediah Smith his gang never used members by tobacco, drank vigilantes in 1864 in alcohol, or Montana after being used profane elected sheriff and language. appointing his gang members as deputies

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Churches and Schools

Keeping the Faith Old Mission of the Sacred Heart, Cataldo—Idaho’s oldest standing building; built without nails by Coeur d’Alene Indians under the direction of Jesuit missionaries Paris Idaho Stake Tabernacle—completed in 1889; a stake tabernacle serves several congregations Saint Michael’s Episcopal Church, Boise—built in 1899, English Gothic style; includes a stained glass window signed by Tiffany Studio in New York City Congregation Beth Israel, Boise—built in 1895, oldest synagogue west of the Mississippi River; still attended by descendants of the original congregation Saint Joseph’s Mission, Cottonwood— built in 1874, first Catholic mission in Idaho to serve the Nez Percé

SCHOOLS University of Idaho, Moscow—chartered in 1889 Churches and Schools

Idaho State University, Pocatello Boise State University Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston

Albertson College, Caldwell Northwest Nazarene College, Nampa Ricks College, Rexburg North Idaho Junior College, Coeur d’Alene College of Southern Idaho, Twin Falls

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Historic Sites and Parks

HISTORIC SITES Nez Percé National Historical Park, Spalding—visitors’ center is next to Spalding mission site, park includes 24 sites on 12,000 acres (4,856.4 hectares) Old Idaho Penitentiary, Boise—one of four territorial prisons still in existence in the U.S.; served as state prison for more than 100 years Experimental Breeder Reactor #1, near Arco—first power plant in the world to produce electricity by using atomic energy Old Fort Boise, Parma—exact replica of 1834 trading post Silver City, War Eagle Mountain—Idaho’s best-preserved ghost Historic town Sites and Parks

PARKS

Massacre Rocks State Park, near American Falls— Oregon Trail travelers either carved their names or painted them in axle grease on Register Rock

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Home, Sweet Home!

✮

Historical Homes

✮

Thomas Sleight Cabin, Paris—built in 1863, first building in Bear Lake Valley Hatch House, Franklin—built in 1874, Greek Revival architecture Cyrus Jacobs House, Boise— built in 1864, one of the first brick houses in Boise Moore-Cunningham House, Boise—built in 1892, first house in U.S. to use natural hot water for heating Home, Sweet Home!

Ezra Pound home, Hailey—simple frame house where poet was born in 1885

Galloway House, Weiser—built in 1900 by Thomas Galloway McConnell Mansion, Moscow—built in 1886 by William McConnell, who served Idaho as senator and governor 68

Battles and Forts A few of Idaho’s famous

Battles

● Bear River Battleground, near Preston—site

of the 1863 Battle of Bear River between Shoshone Indians and federal soldiers

● Battle of White Bird Canyon, near

Grangeville—site of the opening battle of the Nez Percé War; Nez Percé were outnumbered by soldiers, but turned them back without losing any warriors

A few of Idaho’s famous

Forts

●

Fort Lapwai, Lapwai—built in 1862 to keep settlers off Nez Percé lands

●

Fort Coeur d’Alene, Coeur d’Alene—built to protect railroad and telegraph crews, later renamed Fort Sherman

●

Fort Boise, Boise—built in 1863 to protect settlers and gold miners

●

Fort Hall, Pocatello—first permanent post to fly the U.S. flag west of the Continental Divide

Battles and Forts

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Libraries Check out the following special state libraries! (Do you have a library card? Have you worn it out yet?!) Boise Public Library—Idaho’s largest city library State Law Library, Boise—founded in 1869; Idaho’s largest legal collection University of Idaho Library, Moscow—collection of Northwest Americana titles and Basque materials; largest library in Idaho Idaho State Historical Museum, Boise—stores state records, old newspapers, and historical manuscripts Albertson College Library, Caldwell— prominent college library Idaho State University Library, Pocatello—prominent college library

Libraries

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Idaho has more than 100 taxsupported public libraries and a state traveling library. Idaho residents check out around eight books a year from its libraries.

Zoos and Attractions Shoshone Falls, near Shoshone—nicknamed the “Niagara of the West;” falls plunge more than 200 feet (61 meters) Zoo Boise Pioneer Village, Boise Clear Springs Foods, near Buhl—world’s largest commercial trout farm; visitors can see giant trout and white sturgeon through underwater windows Sun Valley, Ketchum—home of world’s first ski lift; Idaho’s best-known ski resort Challis Bison Jump, Challis—Shoshone Indians stampeded bison over this 60-foot (18.3-meter) bluff, then butchered them at the bottom Frank Church/River of No Return Wilderness Area, central Idaho Bruneau Dunes State Park, Mountain Home St. Anthony’s Sand Dunes, near Rexburg Yellowstone National Park, near Marysville—the Bechler District of the park is on the Wyoming/Idaho border and includes meadows Zoos and and many waterfalls Attractions Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, near Soda Springs Dworshak Dam, near Elk River—717-foot (218.5-meter) tall dam, largest ever built by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

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Museums Idaho State Historical Society, Boise Boise Art Museum Herrett Museum, Twin Falls Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello Luna House Museum, Lewiston Appaloosa Museum, Lewiston Museum of Northern Idaho, Coeur d’Alene Vintage Wheel Museum, Sandpoint Teton Flood Museum, Rexburg Museums

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Monuments and Memorials

MONUMENTS

Craters of the Moon National Monument, near Carey—a plain of ancient volcanic lava, astronauts who walked on the moon have trained here Bear River Battleground monument, near Preston— commemorates the 1863 battle between U.S. soldiers and the Shoshone Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Hagerman—fossils of early horses, mastodons, saber-tooth tigers, and more have been found here Sacajawea Monument, Tendoy—honors Sacajawea and her contributions to the Lewis and Clark expedition

MEMORIALS

Monuments and Memorials

Sunshine Mine Memorial, Kellogg—recalls the 1972 mining disaster Hemingway Memorial, Ketchum—commemorates the life of writer Ernest Hemingway Idaho State Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Idaho Falls— inscribed with all the names of Idahoans killed or missing in action during the war in southeast Asia

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The Arts Panida Theater in Sandpoint opened in 1927 as one of the premier movie theaters in the Northwest. Now it is home to film festivals and the performing arts. Iron Door Playhouse in Malad City has six theatrical productions a year. Miles and Virginia Willard Arts Center in Idaho Falls features a full menu of plays, music, and arts classes for children and adults. Liberty Theatre in Hailey is home to the Company of Fools theatrical troupe. The Arts

To be, or not to be involved in the arts— that is the question. What is your answer?

74

The best place to see a movie in Boise is the Egyptian Theater. It was built in 1926 and features winged scarabs, lotus columns, sphinx statues, and Egyptian icons.

Natural Wonders Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, southwestern Idaho—deepest gorge in the U.S. at 6, 600 feet (2011.7 meters).

?

Balanced Rock, near Castleford—rock formation that looks like a giant mushroom or question mark

?

City of Rocks National Reserve, near Oakley—granite columns 60–70 stories high

Hell’s Half Acre Lava Field, near Blackfoot— 180-square mile (446.1Natural square Wonders kilometer) lava field Sheep Rock, near Cuprum—a 6,847-foot (2,087-meter) National Natural Landmark in Seven Devils Mountains, has a great view of Hells Canyon 75

Roads and Bridges Roads Ida

ho

Spiral Highway—built in 1917 between Lewiston and Moscow, climbs 2,000 feet (609.6 meters) in 9.5 miles (15.9 kilometers) with 64 curves in a nearly continuous four percent grade

Big Hole Mountains Drive—21-mile (33.8-kilometer) drive from Swan Valley to Victor Sawtooth Drive—246-mile (396-kilometer) drive from Boise to Shoshone Lewis and Clark Drive—11-mile (17.7-kilometer) drive from Tendoy to Lemhi Pass, the place where Lewis and Clark crossed the Continental Divide Salmon River Scenic Route—184 miles (296 kilometers) from Stanley, Idaho to Darby, Montana, follows the Salmon River

Roads and Bridges

Bridges Moyie River Bridge, Bonners Ferry—built in 1964, second highest bridge in the state Perrine Bridge, Twin Falls— highest bridge in the state, crosses the Snake River Canyon

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Hot Springs and Caverns Shoshone Ice Caves, near Shoshone Falls—contains a glacier that is 1,000 feet (305 meters) long and 40 feet (12 meters) high Crystal Ice Cave, near American Falls—the heart of a dead volcano where trickling water freezes into unusual ice formations Papoose Cave, Seven Devils—one of the 10 deepest caverns in the U.S. Burgdorf Hot Springs, Burgdorf—settlement established as a spa in 1865, pools open year round Lava Hot Springs, near Soda Springs— pools are at the bottom of a lava cliff that overlooks the Portneuf Question: River • Which is the Hot Springs stalagmite? and Heise Hot Springs, • Which is the stalactite?

near Idaho Falls— two outdoor mineral pools

Caverns

Answer: Stalactites are long, tapering formations hanging from the roof of a cavern, produced by continuous watery deposits containing certain minerals. The mineral-rich water dripping from stalactites often forms conical stalagmites on the floor below.

Word SPELUNKER: a person who goes exploring caves for fun Definition

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Animals

Idaho’s Animals include: Moose Elk Chipmunk Squirrel Black Bear Buffalo

Animals

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Porcupine Beaver Deer Lynx Fox Cougar Cottontail Rabbit Pronghorn Jackrabbit Bobcat Coyote Black bears eat roots, berries, fish, and carrion (dead animal flesh). They don’t normally attack people unless their cubs or food stores are threatened.

Wildlife Watch Take a Walk on the Wild Side Some endangered Idaho animals and fish are: Woodland Caribou Whooping Crane Banbury Springs Limpet Sockeye Salmon Bruneau Hot Springsnail Idaho Springsnail White Sturgeon Gray Wolf Some threatened Idaho animals and fish are: Grizzly Bear Bald Eagle Gray wolves Canada Lynx were brought back to Idaho in Chinook Salmon 1995. They live in the backcountry Bliss Rapids Snail of Yellowstone National Park and Frank the Northern Idaho Church/River of Ground Squirrel No Return Wilderness. Bull Trout

Wildlife Watch

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Birds You may spy these

Birds

Duck Blue Heron Mountain Bluebird Western Tanager Canada Goose Trumpeter Swan Golden Eagle Red-tailed Hawk Prairie Chicken Prairie Falcon A hummingbird’s Partridge wings beat 75 times a second— Pheasant so fast that you only see a blur! They make short squeaky sounds, but do not sing.

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birds in Idaho:

Insects

Don’t let these Idaho bugs bug you!

Cricket Treehopper Milkweed Bug Chinch Bug Lace Wing Beetle Bumblebee Ant Lion Butterfly Corn Earworm Beetle Caterpillar Hunter Cornfield Ant Cricket Honeybee Ladybug Mayfly Dragonfly Band-Winged Grasshopper Giant Water Bug Water Strider Ladybug Dragonfly Bumblebee

Grasshopper Do we know any of these bugs?

Maybe... Hey, that ladybug is cute!

Whirligig beetles have two pairs of eyes—one pair looks above the water, the other under it!

Insects

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Fish SWIMMING IN IDAHO’S WATERS: Steelhead Trout Rainbow Trout Kamloops Trout Dolly Varden Trout Sturgeon Salmon Bass Perch Crappie Bluegill Catfish Grayling

Fish

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Pond Critters IN IDAHO’S PONDS, YOU MAY FIND: Hydra Leech Freshwater Mussel Water Flea Freshwater Crayfish Fishing Spider Diving Beetle Northern Water Shrew Mosquito Minnow Green-Backed Heron Muskrat

Doctors once used leeches to cure illness. They thought the leech would suck out the disease!

Pond Critters

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Mountain Life These ani

m

als live in the mountains of Id aho ! Mountain Goat

Mountain Life

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Bighorn Sheep Western Toad Short-horned Lizard Mountain Chickadee American Pipit White-crowned Sparrow Western Tanager Clark’s Nutcracker Pika Red Squirrel Snowshoe Hare Mule Deer Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel Snowshoe hares turn white in winter. Their big feet get furrier to keep them from sinking in the snow.

Trees These trees tower over Idaho: Ponderosa Pine Western Spruce Juniper White Pine Douglas Fir White Fir Lodgepole Pine Larch Birch Willow Aspen Hemlock Cedar Mountain Ash Cottonwood

Trees

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Wildflowers rs? lowe f Are you c o razy dah about these I

Violet Trillium Wild Geranium Columbine Lady’s Slipper Jacob’s Ladder Spring Beauty Black-eyed Susan

Wildflowers

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Indian Paintbrush Buttercup Goldenrod Chicory Queen Anne’s Lace Wild Blue Iris Monkeyflower

Do you ever think you would eat Butter-and-Eggs for a sore throat? Early settlers used this beautiful yellow and orange flower to make a medicine that soothed a scratchy throat!

Flower Power!

Cream of the Crops Agricultural products from Idaho:

POTATOES

APPLES

MINT

BEEF CATTLE

BARLEY

SHEEP WHEAT PLUMS

PEACHES

POULTRY HOGS SUGAR BEETS

Cream of the Crops

MILK

CORN

CHERRIES

ONIONS

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First/Big/Small/Etc. The entire town of American Falls was moved in the 1920s so the original American Falls dam could be built. Ricks College in Rexburg is the largest two-year (junior) college in the U.S. The largest tree in Idaho is the 3,000 yearold Idaho Champion Western Red Cedar Tree in Elk River. It is more than 18 feet (5.5 meters) in diameter and is 177 feet (54 meters) tall. An Idaho law forbids one citizen from giving another a box of candy that weighs more than 50 pounds (22.7 kilograms). Hells Canyon is the deepest gorge in the U.S. The oldest brick church in the state is Saint Stanislaus Church in Rathdrum. Seven Devils is one of the highest mountain ranges in Idaho and includes Heaven’s Gate Lookout where visitors can look into four different states. Ghost towns in Idaho include Silver City, Yankee First/Big/ Fork, Gold Small/Etc. Dredge, and the Sierra Silver Mine.

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Festivals

Celeb

rate!!!

Winter Sports Carnival, McCall— January Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival, Moscow—February National Circuit Finals Rodeo, Pocatello—March Harriman Cup, Sun Valley—March Cinco de Mayo, Caldwell—May Mat Alyma Powwow and Root Feast, Kamiah—May Timberfest, Sandpoint—June Snake River Stampede Rodeo, Nampa—July Shoshone Sun Dances, Fort Hall Reservation— July and August Western Idaho State Fair, Boise—August Eastern Idaho State Fair, Blackfoot— September Lewiston Round-Up—September Lumberjack Days, Orofino— September Sun Valley Jazz Jamboree—October Festival of Trees, Coeur d’Alene—November Winter Spirit Festival of Lights, Lewiston—November and December

Festivals

89

Holidays

Calendar Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 3rd Monday in January

Groundhog Day February 2

Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February

Memorial Day, last Monday in May

Independence Day, July 4

Labor Day, 1st Monday in September

Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October

Veterans Day, November 11

Thanksgiving, 4th Thursday in November

Holidays

90

Idaho celebrates its admission to the U.S. on July 3.

Christmas, Chanukah, Kwanzaa, Vietnamese Tet, and Chinese New Year are all special celebrations in Idaho.

Ida

Famous Food ho

a mo is f us

for…

the following foods!

Mashed Potatoes Smoked Trout Potato Salad Prime Beef Tenderloin Baked Potatoes Pork Loin Cream of Carrot Soup Rack of Lamb Braised Chicken Apple Napoleon Grilled Salmon Banana Ice Cream Potato Chocolate Cake Yum, yum. This is great! Let’s dig in! Famous Food

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Business & Trade Idaho Works! Idaho has a diverse economy with several major industries including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and tourism. Manufacturing is Idaho’s leading industry. Items manufactured in Idaho include electrical equipment, machinery, lumber and wood products, and food products. Potatoes are Idaho’s leading crop. Farmers also produce milk, beef cattle, sheep, fruits, and vegetables. Phosphate rock is Idaho’s most valuable mineral, followed by gold. Idaho is first in production of antimony, vanadium, and abrasive garnets. Silver, lead, and zinc are still mined in Idaho. Tourism is becoming more Boise is the important center of to Idaho. banking, They visit Idaho’s insurance, and mountains, forests, real estate lakes, and waterfalls. businesses in Business Idaho. Tourists spend & Trade around $1.8 billion in Idaho each year. 92

Idaho Books & Websites My First Book About Idaho by Carole Marsh America the Beautiful: Idaho by Charles and Linda George Kids Learn America by Patricia Gordon and Reed C. Snow Let’s Discover the States: Idaho by the Aylesworths The Idaho Experience Series by Carole Marsh

Cool Idaho W

ebsite s http://www.state .id.us http://www.idah oexperience.com http://www.50st ates.com http://www.nets tate.com

Idaho Books & Websites

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Glossary

Idaho

G LO S S A R Y W O R D S

Glossary

Glossary

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conservation—the management and care of natural resources constitution—document outlining the role of government Continental Divide—a series of mountain ranges from Alaska to Mexico, from either side of which rivers flow in different directions expedition—a trip made by a group for a specific purpose irrigation—bringing a supply of water to a dry area missionary—a person sent by a religious group to spread its faith politics—the science of government prospector—a person who explores an area for gold, silver, or other valuable minerals rendezvous—a large meeting of fur trappers, traders, and Indians that took place once a year

Spelling List

Idaho Spelling Bee

SPELLING WORDS

Here are some special Idaho-related words to learn! To take the Spelling Bee, have someone call out the words and you spell them aloud or write them on a piece of paper.

Appaloosa Boise canyon Coeur d’Alene environment evergreen government hydroelectric Kutenai literature

mountains nuclear Panhandle petroglyph pioneer potato Shoshone skiing volcanoes wilderness Spelling List

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About the Author About the Author... CAROLE MARSH has been writing about Idaho for more than 20 years. She is the author of the popular Idaho State Stuff Series for young readers and creator along with her son, Michael Marsh, of Idaho Facts and Factivities, a CDROM widely used in Idaho schools. The author of more than 100 Idaho books and other supplementary educational materials on the state, Marsh is currently working on a new collection of Idaho materials for young people. Marsh correlates her Idaho materials to the Idaho learning standards. Many of her books and other materials have been inspired by or requested by Idaho teachers and librarians. You know… that was a great experience!

Sure was! Thanks for taking me along.

EDItorial Assistant: About the Author

Pam Dufresne

GRAphic Designer: DEsigner: Graphic Kathy Zimmer

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