My First Pocket Guide to Minnesota

Minnesota Basics

Minnesota Geography

Minnesota History

Minnesota People

Minnesota Places

Minnesota Nature

Minnesota Miscellany

by Carole Marsh

M My y F Fiir rs st t P Po oc ck ke et t G Gu uiid de e

B By y C Ca ar ro olle e M Ma ar rs sh h

The Carole Marsh Bob Longmeyer Chad Beard Cecil Anderson Steven Saint-Laurent Karin Petersen

Jill Sanders Kathy Zimmer Terry Briggs Pat Newman Billie Walburn Jackie Clayton Shery Kearney

Pam Dufresne Cranston Davenport Lisa Stanley Antoinette Miller Victoria DeJoy Al Fortunatti

Published by GALLOPADE INTERNATIONAL

www.theminnesotaexperience.com 800-536-2GET • www.gallopade.com ©2001 Carole Marsh • First Edition • All Rights Reserved. ©2011 Ebook Edition Character Illustrations by Lucyna A. M. Green. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. The Minnesota Experience logo is a trademark of Carole Marsh and Gallopade International, Inc. A free catalog of The Minnesota Experience Products is available by calling 800-5362GET, or by visiting our website at www.theminnesotaexperience.com.

Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations:

Other Minnesota Experience Products • The Minnesota Experience! • The BIG Minnesota Reproducible Activity Book • The Minnesota Coloring Book • My First Book About Minnesota! • Minnesota “Jography”: A Fun Run Through Our State • Minnesota Jeopardy!: Answers and Questions About Our State • The Minnesota Experience! Sticker Pack • The Minnesota Experience! Poster/Map • Discover Minnesota CD-ROM • Minnesota “Geo” Bingo Game • Minnesota “Histo” Bingo Game

A Word From the Author... (okay, a few words)... Hi! Here’s your own handy pocket guide about the great state of Minnesota! It really will fit in a pocket—I tested it. And it really will be useful when you want to know a fact you forgot, to bone up for a test, or when your teacher says, “I wonder . . .” and you have the answer— instantly! Wow, I’m impressed! Get smart, have fun!

Minnesota Basics

Minnesota Geography

Carole Marsh

Minnesota Basics explores your state’s symbols and their special meanings! Minnesota Geography digs up the what’s where in your state! Minnesota History is like traveling through time to some of your state’s great moments! Minnesota People introduces you to famous personalities and your next-door neighbors! Minnesota Places shows you where you might enjoy your next family vacation! Minnesota Nature - no preservatives here, just what Mother Nature gave to Minnesota!

Minnesota History

Minnesota People

Minnesota Places

Minnesota Nature

Minnesota Miscellany

All the real fun stuff that we just HAD to save for its own section!

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State Name

Who Named You? Minnesota’s official state name is...

State Name

Minnesota Word Definition

OFFICIAL: appointed, authorized, or approved, by a government or organization

Statehood: May 11, 1858 Minnesota will be on a statecommemorative quarter starting in the year 2005. Look for it in cash registers everywhere!

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Minnesota was the 32nd state to join the Union.

Coccinella noemnotata is my name (that’s Latin for Ladybug)! What’s YOURS?

State Name Origin

W hat’s In A

Name ?

State Name Origin

Minnesota got its name from the Minnesota River which was named by the Dakota Sioux for the river’s “cloudy” or “milky” water. The Dakota word mnishota means “cloudy” or “milky water.”

Many of Minnesota’s city names, such as Minnetonka and Minnehaha, reflect its Native American heritage.

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State Nicknames

WHO Are You Calling Names? State Nicknames

North Star State

Minnesota is not the only name by which the state is recognized. Like many other states, Minnesota has some nicknames, official or unofficial!

r State e h p Go ord of 10 Lan

In its early days, Minnesota was nicknamed the Beaver State because of the many beavers that lived in streams and rivers throughout the state.

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,000 L a k es

State Capital/Capitol

State Capital:

St. Paul State Capital/ Capitol

Established 18 41 Capital since 1849

St. Paul was originally called Pig’s Eye Landing, after an early fur trader named Pierre “Pig’s Eye” Parrant. In 1841, French priest Lucian Galtier built a small log church nearby and suggested the area be named St. Paul. Incorporated in 1854, the city of St. Paul remained the capital The state capitol when Minnesota became a state. building has one of the largest selfsupporting marble domes in the world. Twenty-two different types of marble make up the state capitol dome.

Word Definition

CAPITAL: a town or city that is the official seat of government CAPITOL: the building in which the government officials meet 7

State Government

Who’s in Charge Here? Minnesota’s LEGISLATIVE

GOVERNMENT

has three branches:

EXECUTIVE

JUDICIAL

A governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, treasurer, and attorney general

Supreme Court (chief justice plus 6 associate justices)

State Government

Two Houses: The Senate (67 members) House of Representatives (134 members)

In 1982, Minnesota adopted an amendment to their state constitution that set up a court of When you are 18 appeals. This and register court consists according to of 16 judges who Minnesota laws, help relieve the you can vote! So please do! supreme court’s Your vote counts! heavy caseload.

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State Flag

State Flag

Minnesota’s current state flag was adopted in 1957.

✮

It features a version of the state seal on a background of royal blue. The three dates on the flag represent Minnesota’s first settlement date (1819), the year of statehood As you travel throughout (1858), and the year Minnesota, count the original flag was the times you see the Minnesota adopted (1893). flag! Look for it on government vehicles, too!

✮ ✮ ✮ 9

State Seal & Motto

State Seal The state seal of Minnesota features symbols of Minnesota’s agriculture, lumber industry, and Indian heritage. The state motto appears across State Seal the top of the state seal. & Motto

Word Definition

MOTTO: a sentence, phrase, or word expressing the spirit or purpose of an organization or group

?

State Motto Minnesota’s state motto is...

The Minnesota state seal has been revised three times.

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L’Etoile du Nord.

It means “The Star of the North,” in French.

State Bird

The Common Loon This diving waterbird gets its name from a Norwegian word meaning, “wild, sad cry.” If you have ever heard the cry of a loon, you will understand!

State Bird

The loon is capable of diving more than 200 feet (60 meters) and can stay submerged for 5 minutes!

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State Tree

NORWAY PINE “W oo d

is orr

State Tree

eM

h at tree!”—Ge are t orge , sp n Pop ma

The Norway pine, also called the red pine, usually grows between 60 to 100 feet (18 to 30 meters) tall. Itasca State Park is home to a 300-year-old Norway pine!

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State Flower

PINK AND WHITE LADY’S SLIPPER

r eve s n s lower on earth wa ord W i am —Will

It is illegal to pick a pink and white lady’s slipper.

This rare flower can be found in wetlands. It can grow to be 4 feet (122 centimeters) tall and live for 50 years!

RIDDLE:

If the state flower got mixed up with the state bird, what would you have? ANSWER: A Loony Lady’s Slipper!

A

lov elier f

so w wo n. rth

State Flower

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State Butterfly

B

ch r a on erfly M tt u State Butterfly

The beautiful orange and black wings of the monarch butterfly flitter over the great state of Minnesota. The monarch is the only butterfly that migrates. They fly south each fall and return north in spring, when the weather is warmer. This is why they are also The monarch caterpillars have called “wanderers.” black, yellow, and white stripes.

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State Song

“Hail! Minnesota” Minnesota’s state song was originally the University of Minnesota’s official hymn. With only one small modification, it became the state song in 1945.

State Song

Minnesota, hail to thee! Hail to thee, our state so dear! Thy light shall ever be A beacon bright and clear. Thy sons and daughters true Will proclaim thee near and far. They shall guard thy fame and adore thy name; Thou shalt be their northern star. Ahh yes! They’re singing my song.

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State Drink

Get Milk! Milk is a nourishing drink that is also the source of butter, cheese, yogurt, and ice cream! State Drink

Minnesota Milkshake

Take 2 scoops of vanilla ice cream, 1 cup of milk, and blend in a blender with 2 tablespoons of peanut butter. (Be sure to have an adult help you!)

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State Muffin

Blueberry Muffin State Muffin

Minnesota has a plentiful supply of wild blueberries, which inspired the adoption of an official state muffin in 1988!

YUM!

☛

What could be better than a snack of the Minnesota state muffin along with a nice glass of the state drink?! YUM!

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State Gemstone

Lake Superior Agate State Gemstone

This red-and-orange-banded stone is formed from iron ore found in northern Minnesota.

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State Grain

Wild Rice State Grain

This grain is an important industry in Minnesota. Wild rice is harvested from lakes where it grows naturally, but farmers sometimes plant it.

Minnesota once produced the world’s supply of wild rice!

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State Fish

Walleye State Fish

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The walleye is a popular Minnesota catch. It is found in lakes all over the state, but most often in the lakes of northern Minnesota. It belongs to the perch family.

Sounds fishy to me!

State Map The State of

Minnesota

The northeastern tip of Minnesota is called the Arrowhead region because of its shape.

State Map

States are great!

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State Location M innesota is one of the G r e a t L a ke s s t a t e s. State Location

T H E CO N T I G U O U S U N I T E D S TAT E S

sota Minne

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Word Definition

LATITUDE: Imaginary lines which run horizontally east and west around the globe LONGITUDE: Imaginary lines which run vertically north and south around the globe

State Neighbors

On The Border! These border Minnesota: States: North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Wisconsin Country: Canada Bodies of water: Lake Superior, Lake of the Woods, Mississippi River

State Neighbors

Canada

akota North D

Lake of the Woods

Lake Superior

esota Minn Mis s

i

Wiscons

in

pi ip ss

Sou

ta th Dako

er Riv Iowa

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East-West, North-South, Area

I’ll Take the Low Road… East-West, North-South, Area

Minnesota stretches 406 miles (653 kilometers) from north to south—or south to north. Either way, it’s a long drive!

Total Area: Approx. 86,943 square miles (225,181 square kilometers) Land Area: Approx. 47,224 square miles (206,208 square kilometers) Minnesota is 358 miles (576 kilometers) from east to west—or west to east. Either way, it’s still a long drive! This is a compass rose. It helps you find the right direction on a map!

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Highest & Lowest Points

You Take the High Road!

Highest & Lowest Points

HIGHEST POINT Eagle Mountain—2,301 feet (701 meters)

Eagle Mountain is probably named for the beautiful bald eagles or the eagle nests often found in the area. LOWEST POINT Lake Superior—602 feet (184 meters)

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State Counties

I’m County-ing on You! Minnesota is divided into 87 counties.

State Counties

Word Definition

COUNTY: an administrative subdivision of a state or territory

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13…

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Natural Resources It’s All Natural!

Forests make up about 16,718,000 acres (6,765,775 hectares) in Minnesota, which means more than 35 percent of the state is covered by timber.

Word Definition

NATURAL RESOURCES: things that exist in or are formed by nature

Natural Resources

Rocks and Minerals: Amethyst Barite Calcite Copper Gypsum Jasper Manganese Iron ore

Amethysts are a stunning violet or purple shade. They lose their color when heated.

Rock and Roll!

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Weather

Weather, Or Not?! Minnesota’s temperatures average 8°F (-13°C) in the winter and 70°F (21°C) in the summer.

Weather

Highest temperature: 114°F (46°C), Beardsley, July 29, 1917 and at Moorhead on July 6, 1936 ºF=Degrees Fahrenheit ºC=Degrees Celsius

Lowest temperature: -60°F (-51°C), Tower, February 2, 1996

During winter, the town of International Falls often records extremely low temperatures.

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Topography

The Driftless Area is probably how all of Minnesota looked before the Ice Age.

100 m 328 ft 200 m 656 ft 500 m 1,640 ft 2,000 m 1,000 m 6,562 ft 3,281 ft

Topography

5,000 m 16,404 ft

Minnesota’s topography includes: Superior Uplands—large stretch of hard rock in the northern part of the state Young Drift Plains—low, rolling farmlands in the central and western part of the state Dissected Till Plains—rivers and streams in the southwestern part of the state that cut through the land, forming gullies and shallow valleys Driftless Area—hilly region that borders Iowa and the Mississippi River in the far southeastern corner of the state

Sea Level

Back On Top

TOPOGRAPHY: the detailed mapping of Word Definition the features of a small area or district 29

Mountains and Ranges

King of the Hill Minnesota is not known for high mountains. In fact, most of the land in the state is level and between 1,000 and 1,500 feet (305 and 457 meters) above sea level. Any elevation higher than this is limited to the northwest, a large region of Itasca County, and the Leaf Hills in Ottertail County.

Mountains and Ranges

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Rivers

A River Runs Through It! Here are some of Minnesota’s major rivers:

• Mississippi • Crow Wing • Minnesota • St. Croix • Sauk • Rainy • Red The mighty Mississippi River starts in Minnesota at Lake Itasca. It is easy to cross the headwaters because they are only 10 feet (3 meters) wide and less than 2 feet (61 centimeters) deep!

Rivers

Grab a paddle!

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Major Lakes

Gone Fishin’ Major Lakes

Minnesota is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes, but it actually has more than 15,000! Most of these lakes cover 10 acres (4 hectares) or more. It is hard to name so many lakes—so hard in fact that many have the same name! There are 156 Long Lakes, 83 Bass Lakes, Voyageurs National Park and the and at least 3 Swan Lakes! Waters

Boundary Canoe Area lie along the Canadian border between International Falls and Lake Superior. The numerous lakes are a favorite with canoeists and fishermen!

Major lakes in Minnesota include: ● Lake Superior ● Lake of the Woods ● Red Lake ● Leech Lake ● Lake Winnibigoshish ● Mille Lacs Lake

Word Definition

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RESERVOIR: a body of water stored for public use

Cities & Towns Are You a city mouse… or a Country Mouse? Have you heard of these wonderful Minnesota town, city, or crossroad names? Perhaps you can start your own list!

MAJOR CITIES:

• St. Paul • Minneapolis • Duluth • Bloomington • Rochester ng rivi JI, we up d e D l Whi BEMI igging ON h d CO g ou NG thr VIKI H near g a a in T saw UE EAR S, eat RY! D I L E B RAP CKB R BLA

Cities & Towns

UNIQUE NAMES:

• Pipestone • Blue Earth • Viking • Bemidji • Red Wing • Winona • Coon Rapids • Echo • Blackberry

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Transportation Major Interstate Highways I-94 I-35 I-90

Railroads Transportation

There are 4,510 miles (7,258 kilometers) of railroad track in Minnesota.

Major Airports Minnesota has an international airport in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis/St. Paul.

Port Port of Duluth

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Timeline 1659 French traders become first known white men to visit Minnesota 1680 Father Louis Hennepin, a Belgian missionary, explores the upper Mississippi River Valley and is captured by Dakota Indians 1763 Britain takes Minnesota from France after the French and Indian War 1783 Treaty of Paris, ending the Revolutionary War, gives eastern Minnesota to the U.S. 1803 Louisiana Purchase gives the rest of Minnesota to the U.S. 1841 Father Lucian Galtier builds Catholic chapel that becomes center of present-day St. Paul 1858 Minnesota joins the Union as the 32nd state Timeline 1889 Mayo family founds the clinic in Rochester that bears their name 1905 Present state capitol is completed 1927 Minnesotan Charles Lindbergh, Jr. becomes first person to make a solo, nonstop flight across Atlantic Ocean 1968 Vice President Hubert Humphrey, previous mayor of Minneapolis, loses a close presidential election to Richard Nixon 1970 Congress creates Voyageurs National Park, the first national park in Minnesota 1976 Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter chooses Minnesotan Walter Mondale for vice president 1992 Mall of America opens 1999 Former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura elected governor

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Early History

Here come the humans! Early History

Thousands of years ago, ancient peoples inhabited Minnesota. They may have originally come across a frozen bridge of land between Asia and Alaska. If so, they slowly traveled east until some settled in what would one day become the state These early people were of Minnesota. nomadic hunters who traveled in small bands. They camped when seasons offered hunting, fishing, and fruit and nut gathering.

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Early Indians

Native Americans Once Ruled! Minnesota’s earliest inhabitants evolved into the Mound Builders around 500 BC. The modern Dakota people (Sioux) were an outgrowth of the Mound Builders. In the late 1600s, the Ojibwa people (Chippewa) moved west into Minnesota because of pressure from settlers to the east. The Dakota and Ojibwa were in constant warfare for decades. Word Definition

Early Indians

WAMPUM: beads, pierced and strung, used by Indians as money or for ornaments

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Exploration

Land Ho! French fur traders first claimed Minnesota when they were searching for an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean. Although the fur traders and later French explorers never found a water route, they claimed much of the land in Minnesota for France. Jonathan Carver, an Exploration explorer from the East, wrote about his travels in Minnesota. His writings attracted the attention of many prospective settlers.

Father Louis Hennepin, a missionary from Belgium, was kidnapped by the Dakota Indians in 1680. He gained respect for Native Americans and their ability to adapt to the demands of their environment.

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Settlement

Home, Sweet Home After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike was sent to find suitable places to construct forts in Minnesota. Under the protection of the U.S. government and its soldiers, Settlement Minnesota grew rapidly. Steamboats brought goods and settlers up the Mississippi River. Many railroads, as well as bands of covered wagons, traveled far to reach the new land of Minnesota. Treaties with the Native Americans opened up more of Minnesota for settlement. By 1857, Minnesota had a In 1848, the population population of was large enough to 150,037, large enough to apply allow the region to for statehood. officially become the Minnesota Territory. 39

Early Key Products

Furs

Minnesota’s rich supply of furs attracted many French-Canadian trappers and traders. Woodsmen called voyageurs paddled down Minnesota’s rivers and hiked through thick forests to trade their packs of goods for fur pelts. The furs, especially beaver skins, were popular in England, where top hats made of beaver skin were all the rage. Grand Portage was the main fur-trading town in Minnesota. Early Key Products

Timber Lumbering in Minnesota began in the 1830s. Logs were cut in the forests and floated down the rivers to mills, where they were trimmed into planks. Lumberjacks were numerous throughout the state and soon the famous legend of lumberjack Paul Bunyan was born.

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Legends and Lore The Story of Paul Bunyan You may have heard the famous legend of Paul Bunyan, the lumberjack. As the story goes, five storks had to carry the child to his parents and by the time he was a year old, he had to use wagon wheels for buttons! Not only did Paul grow fast, but so did his pet blue ox, Babe, who was so large that wherever she stepped, a lake was formed! The town of Bemidji has the largest statue of Paul Bunyan and Babe, erected in 1937. Paul stands 18 feet (5.5 meters) tall and weighs over 2 tons (1.8 metric tons)!

Legends and Lore

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Revolution

Freedom! Freedom! Before Minnesota even became a territory, some colonies in the East felt that their home country of England ignored their ideas and concerns. In 1775, the colonies went to war with England. This was called the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. On July 4, 1776, the famous Revolution Declaration of Independence was signed. It stated the colonists’ intent to be independent of England. The war lasted until 1783, when England surrendered control of the American colonies with the Treaty of Paris. This treaty also gave The newly formed eastern Minnesota United States was too weak to protect its to the newly formed frontier. Therefore, United States. the British continued to do business in Minnesota until the end of the War of 1812, when they were finally forced out.

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Slaves and Slavery In the late 1850s and early 1860s, people in Minnesota argued over slavery, an issue that would soon tear the United States apart. The Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which made slavery legal in all the territories, created a strong anti-slavery movement in Minnesota. Residents of the state began Slaves and hiding escaped slaves and people began Slavery speaking out against slavery. One such person was Jane Grey Swisshelm, who owned a St. Cloud newspaper. She was also one of the first organizers for the Minnesota Republican Party and worked to elect Abraham Lincoln for president. The issue of slavery and state’s rights eventually led to the Civil War.

Word Definition

ABOLITIONIST: person who believed slavery was wrong and should be ended

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The Civil War

The Civil War was fought between the American states. The argument was over states’ rights to make their own decisions, including whether or not to own slaves. Some of the southern states began to secede (leave) the Union. They formed the Confederate States of America. When the Confederates fired upon Union-held Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln declared war. Minnesota The Civil troops were the first to volunteer to War fight for the Union. During the war, almost 25,000 Minnesotans enlisted and many died in battle or from disease.

Word Definition

RECONSTRUCTION: the recovery and rebuilding period following the Civil War 44

The Civil War

When Dakota Indians saw troops leaving the state to fight in the Civil War, they saw an opportunity to drive out the settlers. Fighting broke out in 1862, and many settlers and Indians were killed.

In 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation, given by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, freed the slaves still under Confederate control. Although the nation was at war and he had no power to enforce it, it was still a major step in the anti-slavery movement. The Civil War ended on April 9, 1865, when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery, was passed later that same year.

The Civil War

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Famous Documents

Get It In Writing! 1776 Declaration of Independence 1783 Treaty of Paris gives eastern Minnesota to the U.S. Famous Documents

1803 Louisiana Purchase grants western Minnesota to the U.S. 1857 Minnesota State Constitution adopted 1862 Homestead Act offers free land to settlers 1920 18th Amendment, or Volstead Act, begins prohibition

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Immigrants

Welcome To America! People have come to Minnesota from other states and many other countries on almost every continent! As time goes by, Minnesota’s population grows more diverse. This means that people of different races and from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds have moved to Minnesota. In the past, many immigrants have come to Minnesota from England, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Finland, and many more countries! In the 1920s and 1930s, many African-Americans and Mexicans migrated to Minnesota. In the mid 1980s, many refugees came to Minnesota from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. More recently, people from Asia and the Pacific Islands have emigrated to the state.

Immigrants

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Blazes and Blizzards

1873 Blizzard kills at least 70 people in Minnesota

Blazes and Blizzards

1894 Fire destroys 400 square miles (1,036 square kilometers) of timber, kills 418 people, and destroys the towns of Hinckley and Sandstone

1941 Blizzard in North Dakota and Minnesota kills 71 people

1975 Blizzard described as a “100-year storm” blows into Minnesota with wind chills as low as -80°F (-62°C)

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Legal Stuff 1918 Grain farmers and trade-union activists join to form Farmer-Labor Party

1931 Minnesota becomes one of the first states to form a department of conservation

1944 Democrats join with Farmer-Labor Party Legal Stuff

1974 Legislators allowed to declare their party affiliation

1975 Republican Party changes its name to Independent Republicans of Minnesota

1982 Adoption of constitutional amendment sets up a court of appeals

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Women & Children SCHOOL’S IN! 1820—First school for white children in the Minnesota region opens at Fort St. Anthony

ONE SMALL STEP 1875—Women are granted the right to vote for school affairs

SCHOOL

Women & Children

IT’S ABOUT TIME! 1920—Women are granted the right to vote

FABULOUS FOUR 1944—Four women are elected to Minnesota’s state legislature

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Wars

Fight! Fight! Fight! Wars that affected Minnesota: ● French and Indian Wars ● Revolutionary War ● War of 1812 ● Mexican-American War ● Civil War ● Dakota Indian War ● Spanish-American War ● World War I ● World War II ● Korean War ● Vietnam War ● Persian Gulf War

Wars

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Beautiful Boundary Waters Northern Minnesota is home to the beautiful Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA). The BWCA was created by glaciers more than 10,000 years ago and is protected by the federal government. Joining up with Quetico Provincial Park in Canada, the BWCA includes nearly 2,000 lakes that are linked by rivers, creeks, and portages. These routes are available only to canoeists. Motorboats are prohibited from all of the interior lakes and most of the outer lakes. No one is permitted to Beautiful live in the Boundary BWCA and no Waters man-made structures are allowed there. Vehicles are not allowed in the wilderness area and planes have to fly at a certain altitude. All trash must be carried out of the area and no bottles or cans are allowed in. The BWCA is full of wildlife. Lakes teeming with walleye, bluegill, perch, stream trout, bass, and northern pike create a fantastic fishing experience! Common wildlife sightings while paddling through the Boundary Waters include: moose, bear, eagles, loons, deer, beavers, and blue herons.

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Indian Tribes Ojibwa (Chippewa) Dakota (Sioux)

The Red Lake Chippewa Reservation is in northern Minnesota. As a “closed” reservation, it has its own court system, police force, and license plates.

The seven largest reservations in the state are Ojibwa, while the four smallest are Dakota. The largest reservation is Leech

Indian Tribes

Lake, with just over 5,700 residents. At the current time, at least 90 percent The Indians of Minnesota could not have known that the coming of the Europeans would mean an end to the way of life they had known for hundreds of years.

of Minnesota’s Indian population is Ojibwa, most of the remainder are Dakota.

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Explorers and Settlers

Here, There, Everywhere! PIERRE RADISSON AND MÉDARD CHOUART, SIEUR DES GROSEILLIERS—French explorers who searched for an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean ● DANIEL GREYSOLON, SIEUR DULUTH—French explorer who searched for Northwest Passage; made friends with Dakota and Ojibwa Indians ● FATHER LOUIS HENNEPIN—priest sent from Illinois country to explore the Mississippi River ● ZEBULON PIKE—sent by U.S. government to explore northern Minnesota and displace Explorers and Settlers British traders ● COLONEL JOSIAH SNELLING—sent to oversee building of Fort Snelling ● LEWIS CASS—explored Mississippi River and Lake Superior area

N

Bon Voyage!

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E

W

S

State Founders

Founding Fathers ALEXANDER RAMSEY—first territorial governor of Minnesota; later served as state governor and United States senator HENRY SIBLEY—first state governor WILLIAM MAYO—helped organize Minnesota territory; founded hospital in Rochester which later became Mayo Clinic Just four years after becoming a state, Minnesota experienced a major population boom due to the Homestead Act of 1862. The act gave 160 acres (65 hectares) of land to any head of a family who agreed to develop it over a five-year period. Applicants did not even have to be citizens of the United States. In just three years, 1 million acres (404,700 hectares) of Minnesota farmland had been given away to homesteaders.

State Founders

Founding Mother HARRIET BISHOP—first white teacher; came to St. Paul in 1849 from New England

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Famous African-Americans ✭

PIERRE BONGA—well-known fur trader

✭

GEORGE BONGA—son of Pierre; served as an interpreter between the Indians and explorer Lewis Cass; later opened a successful fur-trading office at Leech Lake ✭

FREDERICK MCGHEE—former slave; first African-American criminal lawyer west of the Mississippi; founder of the Niagara Movement, which later grew into the National Famous Association for the Advancement of AfricanAmericans Colored People (NAACP) ✭

ALAN PAGE—lawyer, attorney general; first African-American and Pro Football Hall of Famer to serve on the state’s highest court

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Ghosts GOVERNMENTAL GHOST Minneapolis supposedly has a ghost at City Hall. The Chapel Courtroom was the site of a hanging in 1898. There have been reports of cold winds and shadows. VANISHING VESSEL In Bannockburn, near Lake Superior, a ghost ship has been sighted drifting in the cold fog. The ship disappeared in 1902. BEWITCHED Loon Lake Cemetery in Lakefield is an old cemetery where three witches are said to haunt.

D

Ghosts

O Y

O

U

SCHOOL SPOOK In Moorehead, at Concordia College, an unknown ghost haunts the fifth floor of one of the dorms. Female residents have heard their names called out while sleeping.

B ELIEVE

IN

G H O S T S?

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Sports Stuff Famous Minnesota Sports Figures: ● FRAN TARKENTON—Viking quarterback ● PATTY BERG—professional golfer ● GEORGE MIKAN—basketball player for Minnesota Lakers; first player in history to score 10,000 points ● JANET KARVONEN—high school basketball player who led her school to three consecutive state championships ● HARMON “KILLER” KILLEBREW—first Minnesota Twins player to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame; his number (19) was retired July 19, 1987 ● KENT ALLEN HRBEK—baseball player for the Minnesota Twins; hit a grand-slam home run that Sports helped lead the Twins to the Stuff 1987 World Series ● ROGER MARIS—professional baseball player; held major league record for most home runs in a season (61 in 1961) until 1998 The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome hosts the Minnesota Twins’ baseball games, as well as football games for the Minnesota Vikings and the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers. The National Basketball Association’s Timberwolves play at the Target Center in Minneapolis, while the Minnesota Wild hockey team plays at their new arena in St. Paul.

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Entertainers ✭ BOB DYLAN—famous folk, rock, and country music singer, songwriter, and musician ✭ PRINCE—popular guitarist, singer, songwriter, and actor ✭ MIKE FARRELL—actor, director; starred on the TV shows M*A*S*H and Providence ✭ ANDREWS SISTERS—singers who entertained U.S. troops and Americans during World War II ✭ LEW AYRES—actor ✭ TONY CHARMOLI—choreographer ✭ ARLENE DAHL—actress ✭ RICHARD DIX—actor; famous during the silent movie era ✭ ED FLANDERS—actor; winner of three Emmy awards ✭ JUDY GARLAND—actress, singer; starred in the famous movie Wizard of Oz as Dorothy Entertainers ✭ JESSICA LANGE—actress; nominated for Academy Awards several times ✭ CORNELL MACNEIL—opera singer ✭ GIG YOUNG—actor; starred in many programs during the 1950s “Golden Age” of TV drama ✭ THE JETS—an eight-kid band, all from one family; children of immigrants from Tonga ✭ LONI ANDERSON— actress; became famous on WKRP in Cincinnati TV series

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Authors ✒ AUGUST WILSON—playwright; his play Fences became a Broadway hit ✒ GARRISON KEILLOR—humorist, radio host, and writer; popular for his Lake Wobegon fictional stories of life in Minnesota ✒ SINCLAIR LEWIS—award-winning novelist; author of Main Street F. SCOTT FITZGERALD—novelist; author of This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby ✒ JOHN OLIVE—playwright; created a play that is regarded as the world’s first polka musical ✒ JUDITH GUEST—writer; wrote best-selling novel Ordinary People, which was made into an Oscar-winning film Authors

✒ WILLIAM ANDREW SWANBERG— biographer; won Pulitzer Prize for Citizen Hearst and Luce and His Empire

✒ JACKSON BATE—biographer; won Pulitzer Prizes for John Keats and Samuel Johnson ✒ LAURA INGALLS WILDER—author of the famous Little House children’s books, which were made into a popular TV show ✒ CAROL RYRIE BRINK—author of award-winning children’s novel Caddie Woodlawn ✒ WILLIAM ROY DEWITT WALLACE—founder and publisher of Reader’s Digest

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Artists ● JAMES EARL FRASE—sculptor ● JACOB HENRIK GERHARD FJELDE—sculptor; Norwegian immigrant who created the famous statues of Hiawatha and Minnehaha ● PAUL MANSHIP—sculptor; best known for New York’s Prometheus Fountain at Rockefeller Center and the bronze gates at Bronx Zoo ● LEROY NEIMAN—painter; official Olympics artist in 1972 and 1976 ● CHARLES M. SCHULTZ—cartoonist; wrote the popular Peanuts comic strip Artists

● PATRICK DES JARLAIT—Ojibwa painter ● CASS GILBERT—architect; began a classical revival in American architecture ???? What famous expression did Charlie Brown of the Peanuts gang always say? ANSWER: “Good grief!”

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Very Important People JANE GREY SWISSHELM—publisher and social reformer; wrote and lectured on the issues of women’s rights and slavery LAWRENCE TALIAFERRO—Indian agent; protected interests and welfare of the Indians RICHARD SEARS—merchant and businessman; started Sears Roebuck mail order company with A.C. Roebuck OLE EDVART ROLVAAG—educator, writer, professor of Norwegian at St. Olaf College JOHN IRELAND—religious leader; led temperance movement Very Important People

CHARLES A. LINDBERGH, JR.—aviator; made the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean

MELVIN CALVIN—chemist; won 1961 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work with photosynthesis ELIZABETH KINNY—nurse; developed a method of rehabilitating polio patients; came to Minneapolis to set up an institute PHILIP HENCH—physician; worked at Mayo Clinic; co-winner of 1950 Nobel Prize in physiology

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More Very Important People LITTLE CROW—Dakota Indian chief; tried to maintain peace with whites but chose to lead attack in Dakota War of 1862 ROY WILKINS—civil-rights leader; served as executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) WILLIAM MAYO, SR.—surgeon; pioneer in the use of a microscope to help diagnose disease; founded the Mayo Clinic with his two sons MARTHA RIPLEY—physician; founder of Maternity Hospital, which welcomed both unwed mothers and married mothers ARTHUR GILLETTE—physician; founded the State Hospital for Crippled Children in St. Paul, the first such hospital in the country

More Very Important People

OLIVER HUDSON KELLEY—reformer; started the Grange movement; founded the Patrons of Husbandry (National Grange), the first farm organization in the U.S. VERY IMAGINARY PERSON! Although an imaginary woman, Betty Crocker has been around since 1921. General Mills created her to handle questions from homemakers about cooking and baking.

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Political Leaders JESSE VENTURA—former Navy Seal, pro wrestler, and actor; elected governor in 1998; cut ties with Reform Party in 2000 EUGENIE ANDERSON—politician, diplomat; helped create Minnesota’s Democratic-Farmer-Labor party; first American woman ambassador WARREN EARL BURGER—U.S. Supreme Court justice; upheld use of capital punishment PIERCE BUTLER—U.S. representative; helped form Populist party WILLIAM ORVILLE DOUGLAS—U.S. Supreme Court associate justice; considered one of the greatest Political justices in Supreme Court Leaders

DAVID DURENBERGER—U.S. senator from Minnesota; used his position to oppose aid to Nicaraguan contra forces ORVILLE FREEMAN—statesman, governor of Minnesota; U.S. secretary of agriculture HUBERT HORATIO HUMPHREY—mayor of Minneapolis; helped merge Minnesota’s Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties; U.S. senator from Minnesota; U.S. vice president; lost presidential election to Nixon

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More Political Leaders WALTER MONDALE—U.S. senator from Minnesota; U.S. vice president under Jimmy Carter; Democratic nominee for president, lost to Ronald Reagan; first major-party American presidential candidate to choose a woman as his running mate JOHN SARGEANT PILLSBURY—governor of Minnesota; became known as the “Father of the University of Minnesota” HENRY MOWER RICE—U.S. senator from Minnesota; helped arrange treaties that enabled Minnesota to gain Indian lands HAROLD STASSEN—governor of Minnesota; revised civil-rights laws and lowered government costs

More Political Leaders

EUGENE MCCARTHY—U.S. representative from Minnesota, U.S. senator; spoke out against Vietnam War

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Churches and Schools CHURCHES Keeping the Faith ● St. Johns Abbey Church, St. Cloud—

part of St. Johns University ● Ottawa Methodist Church ● Chapel of the Good Shepherd, Faribault ● Christ Episcopal Church, Red Wing ● Vasa Swedish Lutheran Church ● Cathedral of St. Paul—topped with a copper dome;

seats 3,000 people

SCHOOLS ● University of Minnesota,

Minneapolis/St. Paul—one of the largest universities in the country Churches and Schools

● Minnesota State University and Community

College System—8 campuses located throughout the state

● Winona State University ● Mankato State University ● Lake Superior College, Duluth ● Moorhead State University

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Historic Sites and Parks

HISTORIC SITES

● Grand Mound, west of International Falls—largest

prehistoric mound in the upper Midwest ● Jeffers Petroglyphs, near Bingham Lake—2,000 rock carvings, dating back to 3000 B.C. ● Sibley Historic Site, St. Paul—stone residence of the

state’s first governor ● North West Company Fur Post, near Pine City

PARKS ● Voyageurs National Park, east of International Falls— established in 1975; preserves thousands of acres of forest and waterways once traveled by fur trappers ● Savanna Portage State Park, near Duluth—contains portage through mosquito-infested swamp that voyageurs dreaded ● Itasca State Park, near Bemidji—one of the oldest parks in the country; contains the headwaters of the Mississippi River ● Lake Bemidji State Park—contains an unusual boardwalk over a native bog ● Minnehaha Park, Minneapolis—contains famous Minnehaha Falls

Historic Sites and Parks

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Home, Sweet Home! EARLY RESIDENCY ● Glensheen, Duluth—located on Lake Superior; mansion and estate of millionaire Chester A. Congdon ● Charles A. Lindbergh House, Little Falls—boyhood home of famous aviator who made the first nonstop flight between Paris and New York ● Oliver H. Kelley Farm, near Elk River—living-history farm with costumed guides ● Henry H. Sibley House, Mendota—oldest stone residence in the state ● Pioneer Village, Montevideo Home, Sweet Home!

● Hoyt House, Red Wing

● William J. Mayo House, Rochester—mansion with a five-story entrance tower; near the Mayo Clinic ● Mayowood—former home and farm of Charles Mayo; overlooks Zumbro River ● Laura Ingalls Wilder Dugout, near Walnut Grove

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Battlefields and Forts

BATTLEFIELDS

● Fort Ridgely, near Fairfax—site of August 1862

Dakota uprising where settlers took refuge at fort; Indians attacked twice, but were held off by artillery ● Wood Lake, Yellow Medicine County—site of

September 1862 Dakota uprising; Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley’s troops ambushed by 700 warriors; Sibley’s troops were successful

FORTS

● Fort Ridgely, near Fairfax—contains

Battlefields and Forts

exhibits of the Dakota War and the history of settlement in the Minnesota Valley ● Fort Snelling, Minneapolis—town’s first

settlement; served as a stopover for many explorers; became finest fort in northwestern wilderness

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Libraries Check out the following special Minnesota libraries! (Do you have a library card? Have you worn it out yet?!) • Minnesota Valley Regional Library, Mankato—contains children’s reading room dedicated to author Maud Hart Lovelace, a native of Mankato • University of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis/St. Paul—largest library in the state and one of the best research libraries in the U.S. • Mayo Foundation, Rochester—excellent medical library • Minnesota Historical Society Library, St. Paul

Libraries Minnesota has 119 public library systems across the state.

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State Attractions • Murphy’s Landing, Shakopee—museum containing frontier-life structures • Lower Sioux Agency Interpretive Center, near Redwood Falls—tells the history of the Dakotas in Minnesota • FarmAmerica, near Waseca—re-creates different historical periods from Minnesota farm life • Ironworld USA, Chisholm • Agassiz Wildlife Refuge, near Thief River Falls— provides a haven for 245 species of migratory and game birds • Lumbertown USA, near Brainerd—replica of old-time lumber town • United States Hockey Hall of Fame, Eveleth • Smokey Bear Park, International Falls • International Wolf Center, Ely • Paul Bunyan and Babe Statues, Bemidji • Jolly Green Giant Statue, Blue Earth

State Attractions

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Museums • Lake of the Woods County Museum, Baudette • Lake Superior Museum of Transportation, Duluth • Arches Museum of Pioneer Life, Winona • Minnesota Museum of Mining, Chisholm • Mille Lacs Indian Museum, near Onamia • Steam Engine Museum, Mabel • Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Walnut Grove • Dorothy Molter Museum, Ely • Science Museum of Minnesota, St. Paul

Museums

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Monuments

MONUMENTS Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Duluth —designed by Cass Gilbert in 1921

Grand Portage National Monument —remote outpost and fur-trading hub for the North West Company Monuments

Hermann Monument, New Ulm Pipestone National Monument —site of a quarry that was visited for centuries by Indians who used its red stone to make pipes

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The Arts

The Show Must Go On! • Walker Art Center, Minneapolis—one of the nation’s most important museums of twentiethcentury art • Minneapolis Institute of Arts • Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis • Tyrone Guthrie Repertory Theater, Minneapolis • Minneapolis Children’s Theater • Minnesota Orchestra, Minneapolis • St. Paul Chamber Orchestra The St. Olaf College Choir is known for their Scandinavian sacred music.

The Arts

To be... or not to be involved in the arts—that is the question. What is your answer?

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Lakeshores & Lighthouses

Lakeshores The deepest and largest of the Great Lakes, Lake Superior, is partially managed by Minnesota. Along the shoreline is Superior National Forest, one of the largest in the U.S.

LET THERE BE LIGHT! Split Rock Lighthouse at Two Harbors was established in 1910 to Lakeshores & guide vessels along the Lighthouses dangerous north shore of the lake. It sits 178 feet (54 meters) above Lake Superior on a large rock formation that juts out over the chilly waters below. Split Rock State Park was established in 1970 and continues to be a popular tourist attraction.

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Roads, Bridges, and More!

ROADS Great River Road, Lake Itasca to Bemidji and La Crescent to Red Wing North Shore Drive, Duluth to Canadian border

BRIDGES Aerial Lift Bridge, Duluth—largest aerial lift bridge in the world; moves up and down to permit the passage of ships Roads, Bridges, and More!

Iron Bridge, between Lake Itasca and Bemidji

MORE Twin Cities, Minneapolis/ St. Paul—called Twin Cities because they are right across the Mississippi River from each other

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Caverns Niagara Cave, south of Harmony, contains a 60-foot (18-meter) waterfall as well as a “damp wedding chapel” that has been the site of more than 200 weddings! The entire round-trip hike is only one mile (1.6 kilometers) in length—half of the actual cave. Mystery Cave, southeast of Spring Valley, is also open to the public. It has passages that total 12 miles (19 kilometers) in length. This cave system contains two beautiful turquoise lakes.

Question: • Which is the

stalagmite?

Caverns

• Which is the

stalactite? Answer: Stalactites are long, tapering formations hanging from the roof of a cavern, produced by continuous watery deposits containing certain minerals. The mineral-rich water dripping from stalactites often forms conical stalagmites on the floor below.

Word SPELUNKER: a person who goes exploring caves for fun Definition

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Animals

Some of Minnesota’s animals include: Black Bear Timber Wolf Moose White-tailed Deer

Woodchuck Otter Weasel Squirrel Gopher

Raccoon Beaver Skunk Fox Coyote Muskrat

Animals

The timber wolf population in Minnesota is one of the largest in the lower 48 states.

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Wildlife Watch Take a Walk on the Wild Side! Some endangered Minnesota animals are:

Burrowing Owl Peregrine Falcon Baird’s Sparrow Five-lined Skink Fat Pocketbook Mussel The two most famous animals on the federal Endangered Species list—the bald eagle and gray wolf—are not considered endangered in Minnesota!

Wildlife Watch

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Birds You may spy these

birds in Minnesota:

Bald Eagle Ruffed Grouse Ring-necked Pheasant Wild Turkey Mallard Wood Duck Gadwall Canada Goose Common Loon Brown Thrasher Warbler Kingfisher

Birds

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Minnesota and Wisconsin have the highest population of nesting bald eagles in the U.S.

Insects

Don’t let these Minnesota bugs bug you! Cricket Firefly Whirligig Beetle Spittlebug Mayfly Weevil Moth Yellow Jacket Honeybee

Ants

Butterfly

Dragonfly Ladybug

Mosquito Do we know any of these bugs?

Maybe... Hey, that Ladybug is cute!

Whirligig beetles have two pairs of eyes—one pair looks above the water, the other under it!

Insects

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Fish SWIMMING IN MINNESOTA’S WATERS:

Walleye Northern Pike Whitefish Blue Catfish Crappie Bullhead Carp Rock Sturgeon Rainbow Trout Bass

Fish

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Pond Critters IN MINNESOTA’S PONDS, YOU MAY FIND: Leech Mussel Snail Crayfish Fishing Spider Dragonfly Giant Water Bug Water Strider Minnow Painted Turtle Mud Puppy Toad

Only female mosquitoes bite people or animals. They do this to suck out blood so that their eggs may hatch correctly.

Pond Critters

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Minerals

Iron Ore

nn M i esota’s Magnificent Miner

al!

Minnesota has been the leading producer of iron ore in the U.S. since the opening of its iron ranges in the northeastern part of the state in the 1880s. The three major iron ranges are the Vermilion, Mesabi, and Cuyuna. Iron ore is Sand, gravel, and Minerals shipped from the mines stone are other by railroad to ports on leading mineral products in Lake Superior, where it the state. is loaded onto special ships for transport to steel mills.

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Trees These trees tower over Minnesota: PINE BIRCH ASPEN WHITE SPRUCE BALSAM POPLAR OAK RED MAPLE ELM CEDAR HICKORY

Trees

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Wildflowers lowers? wildf a t Are you crazy a o bout nes these Min

Primrose Goldenrod Morning Glory Verbena Mint

Bluebell Phlox Lady’s Slipper Honeysuckle Anemone

Wildflowers

Flower Power!

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Cream of the Crops Agricultural products from Minnesota:

Beef Cattle

Hogs Corn

Milk

Wheat Soybeans

Wild Rice

Apples Poultry Cream of the Crops

Green Peas

Sugar Beets 87

State Potpourri ● The World’s Largest Ball of Twine is located in Darwin, population 282! ● The Anderson House Hotel in Wabasha provides cats for its guests to cuddle with! ● One study of Minnesota children stated that 97 percent go fishing! ● The first ice palace in Minnesota was built in the winter of 1886, by 200 men. It cost $5,210, stood 106 feet (32 meters) high and was 140 feet (43 meters) long! ● The town of International Falls boasts a thermometer that is 22 feet (7 meters) tall! State Potpourri

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Festivals

Celeb

● Grandma’s Marathon, Duluth

rate!!!

● Duluth Winter Sports Festival

● Wheels, Wings, and Water Festival, St. Cloud ● Fishermen’s Picnic, Grand Marais ● Dakota Public Powwow, Mankato ● Christmas in the Village, Montevideo ● Wild Rice Festival, Deer River ● Oktoberfest, New Ulm ● Festival of Nations, St. Paul ● Minnesota State Fair, St. Paul ● Tall Timber Days, Grand Rapids

● Ice Box Days Winter Festival, International Falls ● New Year’s Eve Family Events, Minneapolis Festivals

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Holidays

Calendar Groundhog Day, February 2

Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February

Memorial Day, last Monday in May

Independence Day, July 4

Labor Day, 1st Monday in September

Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October

Veterans Day, November 11

Thanksgiving, 4th Thursday in November

Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 3rd Monday in January

Minnesota celebrates its admission to the U.S. on May 11.

Holidays

90

Christmas, Chanukah, Kwanzaa, Vietnamese Tet, and Chinese New Year are all special celebrations in Minnesota.

Famous Food Minnesota is famous for...

the following foods! • Walleye • Cream of Chicken and Wild Rice Soup • Barbecued Pork Chops with Apple Sauce • Blueberry Muffins

Yum, yum. This is great!

• Apple Crisp • Applesauce Cake • Corn Chowder • Morel Mushrooms • Wild Rice • Sugar Beets

Let’s dig in! Famous Food

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Business & Trade Minnesota Works! Minnesota has a diverse economy with several major industries including tourism, lumber, mining, farming, publishing, food processing and packaging, and manufacturing. Some major Minnesota companies are: 3M (Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing), Greyhound, Pillsbury, Land O’Lakes, Hormel & Company, Honeywell, General Mills, Best Buy, Green Giant, Super Valu, and the Dayton Hudson Company. Many of these companies are Fortune 500 Companies.

Business & Trade

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3M is the inventor of the popular Post-it® Notes. They were first produced in 1978. They are now one of the top office products in the nation.

Minnesota Books & Websites My First Book About Minnesota by Carole Marsh America the Beautiful: Minnesota by Martin Hintz Let’s Discover the States: Minnesota by the Aylesworths The Minnesota Experience Series by Carole Marsh Awesome Almanac—Minnesota by Jean F. Blashfield

Cool Minneso ta Web sites

http://www.state .mn.us http://www.them innesotaexperienc e.com http://www.50sta tes.com http://www.netst ate.com

Minnesota Books & Websites

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Glossary

Minnesota

Glossary G LO S S A R Y W O R D S

boundary: a line or marker that shows the outside edge or limit colony: a land that is ruled by a country some distance away portage: the act of carrying boats and supplies over land from one river or lake to another prohibition: the policy that made the sale, trade, or manufacture of alcoholic beverages illegal reservation: public land set aside for some special use revolution: overthrow of a government, with another taking its place secede: to voluntarily give up being part of an organized group territory: a large division of a country; does not have full rights of a state Glossary

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treaty: an agreement between two or more nations, having to do with trade or cooperation

Spelling List

Minnesota Spelling Bee

SPELLING WORDS

Here are some special Minnesota-related words to learn! To take the Spelling Bee, have someone call out the words and you spell them aloud or write them on a piece of paper.

Bemidji canoe Chippewa Chisholm Dakota Duluth gopher Hiawatha homestead immigrant lumberjack

Minnehaha Minnesota Minnetonka Ojibwa portage Sioux superior viking voyageur Spelling List

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About the Author About the Author... CAROLE MARSH has been writing about Minnesota for more than 20 years. She is the author of the popular Minnesota State Stuff Series for young readers and creator along with her son, Michael Marsh, of Minnesota Facts and Factivities, a CD-ROM widely used in Minnesota schools. The author of more than 100 Minnesota books and other supplementary educational materials on the state, Marsh is currently working on a new collection of Minnesota materials for young people. Marsh correlates her Minnesota materials to the Minnesota Graduation Standards. Many of her books and other materials have been inspired by or requested by Minnesota teachers and librarians. You know… that was a great experience!

Sure was! Thanks for taking me along.

EDItorial Assistant: About the Author

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Jill Sanders

GRAPHIC ARTIST: Al Fortunatti

Good Uses For Your State Pocket Guide: Study for tests! Prepare reports! Find quick answers! Amaze your friends! Impress adults! Win trivia games! Get Smart and Have Fun!!

“This is the BEST, most thorough, most FUN little book about our state!”

The perfect reference guide for students in grades 3 and up—or anyone! This handy, easy-to-use guide is divided into 7 color-coded sections. Riddles, recipes and surprising facts make this guide a delight!

www.gallopade.com 1-800-536-2GET

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