My First Pocket Guide to New York

My First Pocket Guide

New York Basics

New York Geography

New York History

New York People

New York Places

New York Nature

New York Miscellany

by Carole Marsh

M My y F Fiir rs st t P Po oc ck ke et t G Gu uiid de e

B By y C Ca ar ro olle e M Ma ar rs sh h

The Carole Marsh Bob Longmeyer Chad Beard Cecil Anderson Steven Saint-Laurent Karin Petersen Billie Walburn

Doug Boston Jill Sanders William Nesbitt, Jr. Kathy Zimmer Wanda Coats Terry Briggs

Jackie Clayton Pam Dufresne Cranston Davenport Lisa Stanley Antoinette Miller Victoria DeJoy

Published by GALLOPADE INTERNATIONAL

thenewyorkexperience.com 800-536-2GET • www.gallopade.com ©2004 Carole Marsh • Second Edition • All Rights Reserved. ©2011 Ebook Edition Character Illustrations by Lucyna A. M. Green. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. The New York Experience logo is a trademark of Carole Marsh and Gallopade International, Inc. A free catalog of The New York Experience Products is available by calling 800-536-2GET, or by visiting our website at www.thenewyorkexperience.com.

Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations:

Other New York Experience Products • The New York Experience! • The BIG New York Reproducible Activity Book • The New York Coloring Book • My First Book About New York! • New York “Jography”: A Fun Run Through Our State • New York Jeopardy!: Answers and Questions About Our State • The New York Experience! Sticker Pack • The New York Experience! Poster/Map • Discover New York CD-ROM • New York “Geo” Bingo Game • New York “Histo” Bingo Game

A Word From the Author... (okay, a few words)... Hi! Here’s your own handy pocket guide about the great state of New York! It really will fit in a pocket—I tested it. And it really will be useful when you want to know a fact you forgot, to bone up for a test, or when your teacher says, “I wonder . . .” and you have the answer— instantly! Wow, I’m impressed! Get smart, have fun!

New York Basics

New York Geography

Carole Marsh

New York Basics explores your state’s symbols and their special meanings! New York Geography digs up the what’s where in your state! New York History is like traveling through time to some of your state’s great moments! New York People introduces you to famous personalities and your next-door neighbors! New York Places shows you where you might enjoy your next family vacation! New York Nature - no preservatives here, just what Mother Nature gave to New York!

New York History

New York People

New York Places

New York Nature

New York Miscellany

All the real fun stuff that we just HAD to save for its own section!

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State Name

Who Named You? New York’s official state name is...

State Name

New York Word Definition

OFFICIAL: appointed, authorized, or approved by a government or organization

New York will have its own statecommemorative quarter starting in the year 2001. Look for it in cash registers everywhere!

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Statehood: July 26, 1788 New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution and join the Union. Coccinella noemnotata is my name (that’s Latin for Ladybug)! What’s YOURS?

State Name Origin

A Name of

Royal Royal Proportions!

State Name Origin

In 1664, New York was named for the Duke of York and Albany, James Stuart, the brother of England’s King Charles. James was later “promoted” to King, becoming King James II in 1685.

Many of New York’s city names, such as Amsterdam and Rensselaer, reflect its Dutch heritage.

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State Nicknames

What’s In A Name? New York has a very distinctive nickname:

State Nicknames

The Empire State

The name reflects New York’s vast wealth and resources. But, you may also have heard someone call New York by these other special names:

r State o i s l e c or x E ickerbock Kn

General George Washington is said to have given New York its nickname. He said New York would someday become the seat of a new empire—and it certainly did!

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er e t a t S

I NY!

State Capital/Capitol

State Capital:

Albany State Capital/ Capitol

Established

1797

Poughkeepsie was New York’s capital for a time. New York City was chosen to be the next capital in 1784. Albany became the permanent capital in 1797.

In 1785, the U.S. Congress chose New York City to be the new nation’s capital. For five years, Federal Hall on Wall and Broad streets was the seat of the U.S. government.

Word Definition

CAPITAL: a town or city that is the official seat of government CAPITOL: the building in which the government officials meet 7

State Government

Who’s in Charge Here? New York’s LEGISLATIVE

GOVERNMENT

has three branches:

EXECUTIVE

JUDICIAL

governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, comptroller, secretary of state, department heads, board of regents

court of appeals, appellate courts, supreme court, court of claims, county courts, family courts, and town/city/village courts

State Government

Two houses: The state senate (61 members) The state assembly (150 members)

New York was the first of the thirteen colonies to have a constitution—even before it was a state! Drawn up in 1777, the state constitution mandated that every 20 years When you are voters could decide 18 and register whether or not to to according change it. It was New York laws — you can vote! also the first state So please do! constitution to declare Your vote counts! that the governor would be elected by the people.

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State Flag

State Flag

New York’s flag was adopted in 1901…

✮

when the traditional military flag was made the official state flag. The state coat of arms The governor of New York has a flag that appears in the center is similar to the of a majestic, dark-blue state flag. As commander-in-chief field. of state troops, the governor’s flag has a white star in each corner.

✮ ✮ ✮ 9

Coats of Arms & Motto

State Seal State Coat of Arms: The Goddess Liberty and the Goddess Justice stand proudly on either side of New York’s coat of arms. On a shield in between Coat of the two goddesses, Arms & ships of commerce sail Motto the Hudson River as the sun rises over the Hudson Highlands. A banner at the bottom proudly expresses the New York motto.

Word Definition

?

MOTTO: a sentence, phrase, or word expressing the spirit or purpose of an organization or group

State Motto New York’s state motto is... The Goddess Liberty symbolizes the colonial victory over the British monarchy in the Revolutionary War. The Goddess Justice stands for equal treatment for all citizens under the law.

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Excelsior

…which means “Ever Upward.” It reminds us to always reach up, up, up to achieve our highest goals! Liberty and Justice for all!

State Bird

Birds of Blue Feathers The state bird of New York is the beautiful Bluebird, Sialia sialis. A favorite among birdwatchers, the Bluebird is one of the first migratory birds to return home to New York each spring. For the winter, Bluebirds may travel as far south as Nicaragua in Central America.

State Bird

The Bluebird whistles a happy little tune while in flight. It sounds like he’s calling turee or queedle.

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State Tree

SUGAR MAPLE h Is

as a

tre e

k th

I thin

lmer

State Tree

Ki yce

at

a po em lovely

Jo —

r see eve la l n

—Acer saccharum—

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The spectacular Sugar Maple is an important resource for the state of New York. In spring, it provides the sweet sap used to make maple syrup and sugar. It’s also a great shade tree that is often planted in people’s yards. In the fall, the leaves of the Sugar Maple burst into fiery shades of red, yellow, and orange. The wood is handsome and strong and can be crafted into beautiful furniture. The wood of the Sugar Maple also makes good firewood for stoves and fireplaces.

State Flower

ROSE

all illia a rose m S by any h akes peare

In 1891, schoolchildren in New York were asked to pick their favorite flower. Can W – Rosa – ec w h at you guess h c oth ’s in a n ame? Th at whi t.—W which one they e er n w s ame would smell as e chose? The Rose— you’re absolutely right—and it became the official state flower in 1955. Roses grow on thorny shrubs and bloom in different shades of red, pink, yellow, white, and many colors in between. They are known for their soft petals and lovely fragrance.

State Flower

RIDDLE:

If the state flower got mixed up with the state bird, what would you have? ANSWER: A Rose that’s blue—it could happen!

The berrylike fruit, or hip, of a Rose is usually red in color and is an important source of vitamin C. Have you had your Rose hip tea today?

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State Animal

r e v a e B State Animal

The Beaver was adopted as the New York state animal in 1975. It played an important role in the state’s history. Beavers were hunted and trapped for their luxurious, durable, and water-repellent furs in the early 17th century near present-day Albany. Fur traders bartered with Indians for beaver pelts (skins) that were shipped to Europe and made into clothing and hats. Fur trading was one of the first businesses to thrive in the state of New York.

Beavers are mammals that mate for life. When Mr. and Mrs. Beaver say “I do,” it’s forever. Their babies (two to six) are born in the spring.

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Using their long, flat tails, Beavers build dams across streams to form ponds around their homes. They live in oneroom houses with underwater entrances. Their dams are very helpful in flood control. I’ve been looking for a good builder!

State Gem, Shell & Fossil

Garnet Garnets are prized by jewelry makers for their dark-red color. Because they are a hard mineral, Garnets are ground and crushed to make the scratchy surface on sandpaper. New York produces more Garnets than any other state in the nation.

State Gem, Shell & Fossil

Bay Scallop New York adopted the Bay Scallop as the state shell in 1988. It’s a mollusk that lives at the bottom of the ocean. Bay Scallops go for a swim by flapping their shells together.

The Sea Scorpion –Eurypterus remipes– …which is now extinct, has a broad head and stinger-like tail. It’s a relative of the horseshoe crab and was adopted as the state fossil in 1984.

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State Drink

A Refreshing Drink Milk is a nourishing drink that is also the source of butter, cheese, yogurt, and ice cream! Dairy products are the cream of the crop in New York. State Drink

Is this glass half full or half empty?

New York Milkshake Take 2 scoops of vanilla ice cream, 1 cup of milk, and blend in a blender with 2 tablespoons peanut butter!

Milk, the state drink, goes great with the state muffin. In 1987, students persuaded the governor to declare the Apple Muffin their special state pastry.

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State Fruit

Mmmm! Apples Apple seeds came to New York with the first State European settlers in the Fruit 1600s. Colonists baked apple pies and made apple cider. They also dried apples so they could enjoy them through the winter. Apples are sweet and crisp and come in many different varieties such as Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, McIntosh, and Winesap. They are a BIG part of New York’s agricultural products to this day! Apples are nutritious and fun to eat. Have you ever heard the old saying, “An apple a day keeps New York City is the doctor away”? called the Big Apple.

☛

Hey! I think it’s time to put those piano lessons to use. New York, here I come!

Jazz musicians would say they were playing the Big Apple when they got a job in NYC—meaning they had made it to the big time!

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State Song

“I Love New York” Written and composed by Steve Karmen

State Song

I LOVE NEW YORK, I LOVE NEW YORK, I LOVE NEW YORK. There isn’t another like it. No matter where you go. And nobody can compare it. It’s win and place and show. New York is special. New York is diff’rent ’cause there’s no place else on earth quite like New York and that’s why I LOVE NEW YORK, I LOVE NEW YORK, I LOVE NEW YORK.

Ahh yes! They’re singing my song.

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State Insect

Ladybug – Coccinella noemnotata –

State Insect

In 1989, the Ladybug Beetle was named New York’s state insect. New York farmers welcome the bright orange-colored Ladybugs because they dine on small pests which destroy plants and fruit trees. On a cold, frosty day, you might find a large swarm (group) of Ladybugs huddled together under a piece of bark—that’s where they go to hibernate Hey birdie, for the winter. h out! watc Ladybugs might look like a yummy snack— but, they actually taste pretty bad!

Hi! Remember me? I’m your state insect!

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State Fish

Brook Trout —Salvelinus fontinalis—

New York’s state fish, the Native Brook Trout, lives in lakes and ponds of the Adirondack Mountains and in brooks and streams State throughout the state. Trout are silveryFish brown or rainbow-colored and prefer colder water—especially for spawning (having babies). It’s a favored fish of finicky fishermen!

New York Trout Put a trout filet on foil. Drizzle with lemon juice. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Add shredded smoked ham and broil fish until done. 20

New York

The State of New York is the only state which borders two Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.

State Map

State Map

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LO NG I

TUD

E

State Location

LA T IT

UDE

N e w Yo r k i s a Middle Atla ntic s t a t e , l o ca t e d o n A m e r i ca ’s Ea ster n S ea b oa r d.

State Location

T H E CO N T I G U O U S U N I T E D S T AT E S w Ne

Word Definition

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rk Yo

LATITUDE: Imaginary lines which run horizontally east and west around the globe LONGITUDE: Imaginary lines which run vertically north and south around the globe

State Neighbors

On The Border! These border New York: States: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut Country: Canada Bodies of water: Atlantic Ocean, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Niagara River, St. Lawrence River

DA

Vermont

CA NA

usetts Massach ut tic c e nn o C

or k N ew Y

La

ke

Er

ie

rio Onta Lake

ey ers wJ Ne

Pennsylvania

State Neighbors

Long Island Sound

Atlantic Ocean

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North-South, East-West

I’ll Take the Low Road…

North–South, East–West

New York is 330 miles (531 kilometers) north to south…or south to north. Either way, it’s a long drive—from New York City to Massena or Massena to New York City!

Total Area: Approx. 53,989 square miles (140,371 square kilometers) Land Area: Approx. 47,224 square miles (122,782 square kilometers) New York is 405 miles (652 kilometers) east to west…or west to east. Either way, it’s still a long drive—from Granville to Buffalo or Buffalo to Granville! This is a compass rose. It helps you find the right direction on a map!

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Highest & Lowest Points

You Take the High Road!

HIGHEST POINT Mount Marcy 5,344 feet (1,629 meters)

Highest & Lowest Points

After his historic ascent to the top of Mount Marcy in 1837, John Cheney, a famous Adirondack guide, is quoted as saying, “It makes a man feel what it is to have all creation under his feet.” LOWEST POINT Sea level along the Atlantic Ocean

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State Counties

I’m County-ing on You! New York is divided into 62 counties.

State Counties

Word

COUNTY: Definition an administrative subdivision of a state or territory 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13…

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Natural Resources

New York has about 18,713,000 acres (7,485,200 hectares) of forested land. That’s more than half the state! Much of the timber is harvested by lumber companies and used to make paper and furniture. Lumber is a renewable natural resource—that means trees are planted to replace those cut down so we’ll have plenty for the future. Most New York lumber companies plant more trees than they harvest.

Word Definition

NATURAL RESOURCES: things that exist in or are formed by nature

Natural Resources

Minerals and rocks: Garnets (State Gem) Emery Granite Gravel Gypsum Lead Limestone Woolastonite Anorthosite Salt Sand Talc Zinc

Did you know commercial fish and shellfish are also considered natural resources? Clams, lobsters, oysters, flounder, scallops, walleye, and perch come from New York’s waterways.

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Weather

Weather, Or Not?! New York is a state of four delightfully distinct seasons—especially pretty Spring, sultry and sunny Summer, brisk and brilliant Autumn, and frosty-white Winter! January temperatures average 33°F (1°C) in New York City to 16°F (-9°C) in the Adirondack Mountains. The July thermostat rises to an average of 77°F (25°C) in New York City and 66°F (19°C) in the Adirondacks. Weather

Highest temperature: 108ºF (42ºC) on July 22, 1926 at Troy ºF=Degrees Fahrenheit ºC=Degrees Celsius

Lowest temperature: -52ºF (-47ºC) on February 18, 1979 at Old Forge

Syracuse may be the snowiest city in the U.S. During the 1970s, almost 1,200 inches (3,000 centimeters) of snow covered the city in frosty layers of white.

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Topography

The Catskill Mountains are part of the ancient Appalachian Mountains. They’re older than the Swiss Alps and the Asian Himalayas.

100 m 328 ft 200 m 656 ft 500 m 1,640 ft 2,000 m 1,000 m 6,562 ft 3,281 ft

TOPOGRAPHY: the detailed mapping of Word Definition the features of a small area or district

Topography

5,000 m 16,404 ft

New York’s topography includes mountains, valleys, hills, rivers, lakes, a coastal plain, and many islands. About 10,000 years ago, during the Ice Age, glaciers covered much of New York. The slow-moving glaciers dug out valleys where rivers now flow. As the glaciers melted, they left behind mineral-rich soil that settled across the state and formed fertile farmlands.

Sea Level

Back On Top

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Mountains

King of the Hill Mountains • Adirondack Mountains • Catskill Mountains • Allegheny Mountains • Taconic Mountains Mountains

The Adirondack Mountains cover most of northeastern New York. Recreation areas and resorts dot the mountains. The call of the wild echoes through the North Woods, the rugged region of the far north that draws the hardiest of adventurers. Hundreds of lakes originally carved by glaciers, rushing streams, and waterfalls can be found in the wild landscape. The Catskill Mountains are a vacationer’s paradise with resorts, hotels, and camping sites. You’ll find beautiful places to visit and fun things to do year-round.

Climb every mountain…

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Rivers and Waterfalls

Down the River The Hudson and Mohawk River valleys are important parts of New York’s history. They provided trade routes for Native Americans and colonists, and pathways for canals, railroads, and highways.

• • • • • •

Here are some of New York’s major rivers: • Oswego Hudson • Seneca Mohawk • Susquehanna St. Lawrence Rivers and • Allegheny Niagara Waterfalls • East River Delaware Genesee (flows backwards—South to North!)

Spectacular Waterfalls New York is blessed with one of nature’s most spectacular sites—the waterfall. Niagara Falls in western New York, one of the most famous waterfalls in the world, spans the U.S.—Canadian border. On the U.S. side are the American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. More than 500,000 gallons (2.2 million liters) of water fall over the cliffs every second. Other New York waterfalls include the Taughannock Falls and 18 falls that tumble through Watkins Glen State Park.

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Major Lakes

Gone Fishin’ ● Oneida Lake Major Lakes

(largest lake in New York) ● Lake George ● Lake Champlain ● Lakes Erie and Ontario (2 of the 5 Great Lakes) Ice Age glaciers carved out ● Finger Lakes giant pits that became New (Seneca and Cayuga are York’s lakes— the largest of the 11 about 8,000 Finger Lakes.) of them. ● Saranac Lake ● Lake Placid ● Chautauqua Lake Word Definition

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RESERVOIR: a body of water stored for public use

Cities & Towns Are You a city mouse… or a Country Mouse? LARGER TOWNS: • New York City • Buffalo • Albany • Syracuse • Utica • Yonkers • Rochester • New Rochelle • Mount Vernon

Ne w w Yo and orld of rk is a app small t village s le o ow dair rchard ns, of y fa s an rms. d

OTHER TOWNS:

Cities & Towns

• Friendship • Niskayuna • Cherry Valley • Holland Patent • Schenectady • North Tonawanda • White Plains It’s als brig o the b New ht, bus ig, York y City !

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Transportation Major Interstate Highways I-81, I-87, I-90, I-390, I-495 I-87, the Governor Thomas E. Dewey Thruway, is the longest toll superhighway in the world, stretching from New York City to the state’s northern border with Quebec, Canada. You can always grab a bus or hail one of those great yellow taxi cabs to get around the Big Apple.

Railroads

Transportation NYC’s subway carries about 3.5 million people each working day!

☞

About 30 railroad lines serve the state of New York on more than 4,000 miles (6,440 kilometers) of track. The first railroad, the Mohawk and Hudson, opened in 1831 and ran for 11 miles from Albany to Schenectady.

Don’t forget about New York City’s subway— at 722 miles (1,162 kilometers), it’s the world’s largest!

Major Airports The state of New York has about 500 public and private airports. The J.F.K. International Airport and LaGuardia Airports in New York City are two of the nation’s busiest international airports.

Seaports The seaport in New York City has one of the world’s largest and busiest harbors. Other ports include Buffalo, Albany, Ogdensburg, Oswego, and Rochester.

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Timeline AD 700 Mound Builders move into New York from the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano of Italy is first European to reach New York 1624 Eighteen Dutch families settle in present-day Albany 1626 Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan Island from Manhattan Indians, reportedly for $24 in trinkets 1664 British take over New Netherland from Dutch, rename it New York 1777 Battle of Saratoga, turning point of Revolutionary War 1785 New York City becomes U.S. capital for five years 1788 New York becomes 11th state on July 26 1789 George Washington inaugurated in Timeline New York City as first U.S. president 1825 Completion of Erie Canal connects Albany and Buffalo 1886 Statue of Liberty assembled in New York Harbor 1929 Stock market crashes on Wall Street— Great Depression follows 1931 Empire State Building completed 1939 New York hosts World’s Fair at Flushing Meadows 1965 Major electrical power failure blacks out New York City 1990 New York City’s ticker-tape parade honors African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela 2001 Both World Trade Center towers collapse in New York City when attacked by terrorists 2004 World Trade Center Memorial is chosen

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Early History

Here come the humans! Early History

Thousands of years ago, nomadic hunters came to the area that would one day become the state of New York. They hunted mammoths and other prehistoric animals. These Paleo-Indians may have descended from people who crossed the Bering Strait between Asia and Alaska. They were the ancestors of New York’s Native American population. Then came the Archaic people who hunted deer, elk, and birds. They also ate plants from the forests. These huntergatherers were replaced by the Eastern Woodland The first humans probably settled Indians who planted and in New York grew crops as their main around 10,500 source of food. BC. They moved in after the Ice Age—after all the glaciers were gone.

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Early Indians Native Americans Once Ruled! New York’s early Indians soon organized into tribal territories. Each group had its own unique customs, dress, and language. Two major groups emerged. The Algonquianspeaking tribes lived in the southeast portion of New York and in the Hudson River valley. The Algonquins were farmers who grew squash, beans, and corn, called maize in those days. They added a little variety by hunting, fishing, and gathering nuts, berries, and roots from the forests. The mighty Iroquois hunted, fished, and farmed. Maize, beans, and squash were their main crops and were known as the “Three Sisters of the Iroquois.” Families lived together in longhouses—large bark-covered homes. The Iroquois were known as Haudenosaunee or “People of the Longhouse.” A chief and ruling council governed each community. Iroquois women were important members of the tribes who were involved in major tribal decisions and all religious ceremonies. Women arranged marriages and decided whether to approve or deny divorces. Children were given their mother’s family name—not their father’s.

Early Indians

According to legend, Hiawatha was an Onondaga man who spread the message of a prophet, the Peacemaker, to the five Iroquois tribes helping them learn to live together in peace.

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Exploration

Land Ho!

European explorers arrived in the New World looking for a route they could sail to Asia. Although they never found a passageway through North America, they did find lots of beaver and other fur-bearing animals. These animals were worth their weight in gold and many Dutch, French, and British fortunes were made in the fur trade. Italians were the first Exploration Europeans to sail into New York Harbor. They arrived in 1524, but didn’t really stay to explore the area. The Italians were warmly greeted by a welcoming committee of Algonquin Indians. In 1609, French explorers traveled down from Canada. Samuel de Champlain and his party of fur traders hiked south into New York and encountered a band of Iroquois Indians. The French fired on the Indians, killing two of them. The Indians had not seen guns before and the surviving warriors ran terrified into the woods. The Iroquois never forgot or forgave and remained life-long enemies of the French. Dutch and English also came in search of furs, fortunes, and foreign lands. The Dutch liked the area so much, they stayed!

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Colonization

Home, Sweet Home In 1624, the Dutch West India Company sponsored 18 families to settle Fort Orange (present-day Albany). The company granted large tracts of land to colonists who could keep the land if they could bring in 50 settlers within four years. These colonial landowners were called patroons and rented small parts of their land to tenant farmers. Many patroons became very wealthy from their land deals. More Dutch colonists arrived the next year and settled on the southern end of Manhattan. Colonization According to legend, in 1626, Governor Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from an Algonquin tribe for $24 in trinkets. Such a deal! The Dutch called the region New Netherland and named their island settlement New Amsterdam. By 1660, New Amsterdam was a town of 300 houses, churches, and a windmill. In Europe, the English were fighting the Dutch. The King, On New Amsterdam’s Charles II, decided to take over northern border New Netherland and in 1664 his stood a wall to protect the city British fleet sailed into New against Indian Amsterdam’s harbor. The Dutch attacks. A road later were outgunned and knew it— built in place of the wall became known they surrendered without as—what else— firing a shot. The British Wall Street! moved in, took over, and renamed the colony New York.

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Cream of the Crop

As a dairy state, New York is the cream of the crop! It’s one of the leading producers of dairy products in the nation. There are over 10,000 dairy farms, most of which are located in the northern part of the state. Each cow produces about 4 gallons (15 liters) of milk a day. With all of New York’s cows, that makes about 20 million gallons Cream of (76 million liters) the Crop of milk every week! Over half of New York’s total farm income comes from tasty milk and cream products. New York is also a leading producer of apples. Apple orchards are found in the Hudson Valley and in Western New York near Lake Ontario. Other top crops are cherries and grapes. Grapes for wine are Did you know grown in vineyards near Lake Erie, there are more in the Finger Lakes region, and in cows than eastern Long Island. The wines of people in New York are among the best in Lewis County? Mooooo! the U.S.

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Legends & Lore The Story of Rip Van Winkle

z zz

Once upon a time, just before the American Revolution, a Dutch colonist named Rip Van Winkle went on a hunting trip to the Catskill Mountains. He wasn’t a very industrious person—actually, he was pretty lazy. He met up with some strange little guys who were the spirits of Henry Hudson’s Dutch (and dead) crew. The little men were drinking, partying, and playing a game of ninepins. Rip took a drink (or two or three!) of their liquor and fell fast asleep. Legends & He snoozed for a long, long time— Lore about 20 years. When he finally woke up and headed for home, he found that things had changed. Rip’s nagging wife was dead and his daughter had married. His colonial village was now a part of the United States of America. The pictures of King George of England had Washington Irving been transformed into wrote the tale of pictures of George “Rip Van Winkle” Washington, president and published it of the United States. and other short When you snooze— stories in The you lose! Well, at least Sketch Book in 1819. you miss out on a lot of current events.

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Revolutionary War!

Freedom! Freedom! Once the colonists were established in their new home, they began to resent the strong-handed rule of royal British governors and objected to paying taxes to a motherland that was no longer their homeland. Great Britain thought the colonies would be a good place to find some cash to replenish the treasury. They had spent a lot of money during the Seven Years War in Europe and the French and Indian War in America. Taxes were levied against the Revolutioncolonies through the Stamp Act and Townshend ary War! Acts. Many New York merchants were outraged and protested violently. New York’s loyalty was divided—some of the 186,000 New Yorkers supported the revolutionary mood in the colony, but nearly half remained loyal to the crown. War broke out (1775-1783) and almost one-third of the battles took place on New York soil. General George Washington led the colonies in their fight for independence. The Battles of Lexington and Concord started the Revolutionary War in April 1775. In 1776, General Washington was defeated by the British at Long Island. The British captured and occupied New York City for the next seven years.

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Revolutionary War!

Freedom! Freedom! The turning point in the war came with an American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. Not only were the British defeated, but upon hearing news of the victory at Saratoga, the French joined to help the Americans win the war. Along with skirmishes in the east, British troops and American Loyalists, and Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, and Cayuga warriors, were fighting against American patriots and Oneida and Tuscarora warriors on New York’s western frontier. For the first time in the history of the Iroquois Confederacy, Iroquois were fighting Iroquois. After the revolution, more than 30,000 Loyalists fled to Canada. Most of the Iroquois who fought alongside the British also moved to the north. The remaining Iroquois were confined to reservations—areas that were a fraction of their original land. Once peace was declared, New York was established as the new American capital. In 1789, George Washington was inaugurated in New York City as the first president of the United States of America!

Revolutionary War!

New York was strategically located between the southern colonies and New England. Britain planned to occupy New York and divide the American colonies. That’s why so many Revolutionary War battles were fought in New York!

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The Civil War

The Civil War (1861-1865) was fought over slavery and the right of states to make their own individual decisions. The Confederacy, or Southern states, with plantations and slaves, were on one side of the conflict. The Union, or Northern states, opposed slavery or had no need for it, and were on the other side. Some states remained neutral. On April 9, 1865, the Confederacy surrendered at Appomattox Court House in The Civil Virginia. It took years for the country to recover War from the devastation of this unfortunate war, in which Americans could find no way to agree, except to fight. Although no military battles were fought on New York soil, the worst civilian conflict raged through New York City during the summer of 1863. Mobs rioted against the military draft for three days looting stores and burning buildings. Because slavery was one of the main issues in the war, African-Americans were a prime target

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The Civil War

during the riots—many were hanged or beaten to death. More than 1,200 people died and thousands more injured. Despite the violent draft riots, New York was vital to the Union victory. As many as 500,000 New Yorkers fought for the North—more than any other state. New York’s farms and factories provided critical supplies to the Union troops. The Civil War was also called the War Between the States. Soldiers often found themselves fighting against former friends, neighbors, or family. Those who did survive often went home The Civil without an arm, leg, or both, since amputation War was the “cure” for most battlefield wounds. More Americans were killed during the Civil War than during World Wars I and II together!

Slavery existed in New York under the Dutch, British, and Americans, but was abolished in 1827. New York became a leader in the antislavery movement. In 1863, The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in areas still under Confederate control.

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Famous Documents

Get It In Writing! 1665 Duke’s Laws, guaranteed freedom of worship and provided for election of town boards and constables 1776 Declaration of Independence

Famous Documents

1777, 1821, 1846, 1894 State constitutions, amended more than 200 times since 1894! 1788 U.S. Constitution, ratified by New York by a vote of 30 to 27—went into effect in 1789 1788 Federalist Papers Series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton and John Jay urged colonies to join the Union 1898 Greater New York Charter, combined five boroughs into one city

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Gateway to the World

Welcome To America! People of many different races, cultures, and ethnic backgrounds live in New York. Nearly every language known today is spoken on the streets of the Big Apple. Millions of immigrants enter the U.S. through New York City—some pass through the state while others stay to make it their home, sweet home! They come in search of opportunities—jobs, education, or religious freedom. They bring a heritage rich in the traditions of their homelands. New York’s earliest immigrants came Gateway to from Holland, England, Ireland, Germany, the World Denmark, France, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Greece, Italy, Sweden, and Africa. Even residents of other American colonies settled in New York. “Yankees” were New England colonists who came to carve a home out of the New York wilderness. By 1644, 18 different languages could already be heard. Today, New Yorkers arrive from countries all over the world. Europeans, Asians, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and Middle Easterners have all come. New York is very proud of its diversity. More African-Americans, Jews, and Puerto Ricans reside in New York than in any other state, and more than 60,000 Native Americans call it home.

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Disasters & Catastrophes!

1911— Fire! Devastating fire at New York City’s Triangle Shirtwaist factory kills 146 workers. Most of the employees are Italian and Jewish women ages 13 to 23. Fire consumes the company in less than 15 minutes as terrified workers perish in the flames or jump to their death out the 8th, 9th, and 10th story windows.

October 29, 1929— Black Tuesday Stock market crashes on Wall Street setting off the Great Depression. Businesses fail! Banks close! Millions of Americans lose everything they own! Some are so devastated they jump to their death from skyscrapers! Disasters & Catastrophes!

1965 & 1977— Blackouts

Electrical power failures “black out” New York City causing major chaos. Looters “loot” millions of dollars in goods.

1978

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Toxic waste dump chemicals pollute Love Canal near Niagara Falls. Residents evacuate homes as poisonous muck seeps into their basements. Lois Gibbs organizes efforts forcing government agencies to clean up the dump.

2000

Winter blows in and surprises Buffalo with 25 inches (64 centimeters) of snow. Thousands of children spend the night in schools and other public buildings.

2001

Both World Trade Center towers collapse in New York City when terrorists attack by plane on September 11.

Legal Stuff 1734 Trial and acquittal of publisher John Peter Zenger, arrested for slander, establishes the Freedom of the Press principle.

1840s Laws pass giving tenant farmers a chance to own their small tracts of land instead of renting from landowners.

1898 Five boroughs—Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island—unify under a single city government to form New York City.

Legal Stuff

1907-1910 Governor Charles Evans Hughes sponsors legislation to strengthen state regulation of banking and finance companies. Governor Hughes also passes workers compensation laws.

1910-1914 Laws pass to regulate Wall Street security industry, advance social welfare programs, and create direct primary elections.

1978 After Love Canal disaster, voters approve massive funds to clean up waste sites in New York.

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Women & Children 1784 State legislature creates agency to oversee state education system. State law mandates that children ages 6 through 16 must attend school. (Buffalo and NYC today require students attend through age 17.)

1848 Lucretia C. Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organize first women’s rights convention in the U.S. at Seneca Falls. Delegates issue resolution demanding voting rights, property rights for married women, educational opportunities, and equal treatment under the law.

1911 Women & Children

1920

Following Triangle Shirtwaist Company tragedy, labor laws (including fire safety codes) and child labor laws pass to help protect workers.

Women gain suffrage nationally. Only one woman, Charlotte Woodward, who signed the resolution written at the Seneca Falls Convention, lived long enough to see women win the right to vote.

Act passes to outlaw 1945 Ives-Quinn discrimination in employment. The chapel still stands in Seneca Falls where women met for 1848 Convention. The Women’s Rights National Historic Park and National Women’s Hall of Fame are located nearby. The Women’s Hall of Fame annually honors women who have significantly contributed to society and the progress and freedom of women. Honorees include Janet Reno, former U.S. attorney general, and author Eudora Welty.

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Wars

Fight! Fight! Fight! Wars that New Yorkers participated in: ● Peach War ● French and Indian War ● Revolutionary War ● War of 1812 ● Civil War ● World War I ● World War II ● Korean War ● Vietnam War ● Persian Gulf War ● War on Terror

Wars

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Lady Liberty She lifts a torch to light the way. She calls to the poor and tired and huddled masses yearning to breathe free. She stands as a symbol of freedom, justice, and opportunity in a new land. She inspires awe in the minds of hopeful immigrants. She is the Statue of Liberty.

Lady Liberty came to the United States as a gift from the people of France to celebrate American independence. She was dedicated in October 1886. Sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi designed her. Gustave Eiffel (of Eiffel Tower fame) engineered the supporting framework. From the ground to the tip of her torch she stands 305 feet (93 meters) tall! The statue was renovated and on July 4, 1986, millions of people celebrated her 100th birthday with a huge party—complete with Getting brass bands and a 54 to the rungs spectacular fireworks Lady TOP! Liberty display! Schoolchildren all across America donated a portion of the funds used to 162 spruce up Lady Liberty. steps Ellis Island in New York Bay was an immigration station that processed more than 12 million people before it closed in 1954. Today, Ellis Island and Lady Liberty form the Statue of Liberty 192 steps National Monument. A ride on the Staten Island Ferry offers a magnificent view of the statue and the skyline of Manhattan.

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Indian Tribes Algonquin tribes: • Manhattan • Rockaway • Montauk • Munsee • Delaware • Wappinger • Mahican (Mohican) • Canarsee

Iroquois tribes: • Cayuga • Mohawk • Oneida • Onondaga • Seneca

Some trade goods made the Indians’ lives easier, but the bad effects of trading with Europeans far outweighed the good. Their way of life began to vanish and they were exposed to deadly new diseases such as smallpox and measles.

Indian

Tribes In 1570, the Iroquois Federation was established uniting the five tribes of upstate New York. In the 1700s, the Tuscarora moved from North Carolina and joined the Federation. The name changed to the Six Nations. The Iroquois began bartering with the Dutch, then the English. They traded beaver pelts and other furs for guns, tools, and provisions. Guns gave the powerful Iroquois a definite advantage over other tribes. They subdued most tribes from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from the Saint Lawrence River to the Tennessee River.

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Explorers and Settlers

Here, There, Everywhere! In 1524, GIOVANNI DA VERRAZANO, an Italian sea captain, became the first European to sail into New York’s harbor. In 1609, French explorers traveled down from Canada. SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN and his party of fur traders hiked south into New York and explored the area near Lake Champlain. In 1609, HENRY HUDSON, an Englishman employed by the Dutch Explorers East India Company, sailed the Atlantic and Settlers Ocean searching for a passage across North America to the Pacific Ocean and India. He never found the N sea route to India, but he did sail into the mouth of the river that bears his name—the Hudson E River. He claimed the W entire Hudson River Valley for the Dutch East India Company.

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State Founders

Founding Fathers KILIAEN VAN RENSSELAER—first patroon to receive large tract of land in New Netherland from Dutch government, 20 miles (32 kilometers) along the Hudson River PETER STUYVESANT—Dutch governor of New Netherland; created city council in New Amsterdam; surrendered colony of New Netherland peacefully to British fleet COLONEL RICHARD NICOLLS—first English governor of colony renamed New York GEORGE WASHINGTON—Revolutionary War general; first president of the United States, inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1789

Founding Mothers MOTHER ANN LEE—established first U.S. Shaker community at Watervliet

State Founders

CATHERINE TEKAKWITHA—”Lily of the Mohawks”; Christian Mohawk entered as a candidate for sainthood in the Roman Catholic Church, first Native American so honored ELIZABETH CADY STANTON and SUSAN B. ANTHONY—early activists and leaders of women’s rights movement; founders of National Woman Suffrage Association and Woman’s New York State Temperance Society; Susan B. Anthony was first woman to be depicted on U.S. coin

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Performing Artists LUCILLE BALL—actress, comedienne, remembered for movie and television roles; famous for I Love Lucy series BARBRA STREISAND, RITA HAYWORTH, ETHEL MERMAN—singers, actresses HUMPHREY BOGART, JAMES CAGNEY, MICKEY ROONEY, JACKIE GLEASON, FRANK LANGELLA, WALTER MATTHAU, TOM CRUISE—actors MARIA CALLAS, RISE STEVENS—opera singers ISAAC STERN—violinist, instrumental in preservation of Carnegie Hall JEROME KERN, AARON COPLAND, IRVING BERLIN, IRA AND GEORGE GERSHWIN, STEPHEN SONDHEIM, RICHARD RODGERS—composers and writers, wrote Performing many great Broadway shows Artists SAMMY DAVIS, JR.—actor, singer, dancer CHRISTOPHER REEVE—actor, spokesperson ITZHAK PERLMAN—violinist, debuted at Carnegie Hall WOODY ALLEN—actor, director, writer, comedian, filmmaker

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TITO PUENTE— band leader, composer of Latin jazz; known as El Rey (the King)

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Rita Moreno was born in Puerto Rico and moved to Manhattan as a child. She became the first entertainer ever to win an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy award for her stage and screen performances.

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Performing Artists AGNES DE MILLE—choreographer SARAH MICHELLE GELLAR, ROSIE PEREZ—actresses LENA HORNE—singer, actress, awarded 1982 Spingarn Medal FLORENCE MILLS—singer, dancer, one of the most popular entertainers of the Harlem Renaissance BILLY JOEL—singer, pianist, composer BEVERLY SILLS—opera singer; general manager and board president of New York City Opera PETE SEEGER—folk song composer and singer CHICO, GROUCHO, HARPO, ZEPPO MARX— comedians known as Marx Brothers

Performing Artists

ROSIE O’DONNELL—comedienne, actress, talk-show host LEONARD BERNSTEIN—conductor, composer, musical director of New York Philharmonic Orchestra; wrote musicals On the Town, West Side Story, and Wonderful Town GEORGE BALANCHINE—choreographer, founded School of American Ballet and New York City Ballet; choreographed The Nutcracker

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Sports Stuff ● LOU GEHRIG—New York Yankees first baseman, Hall of Famer; nicknamed “Iron Man” for playing 2,130 consecutive games, record stood until 1995 ● MICHAEL JORDAN—basketball great, nicknamed “Air Jordan” ● RIA MEGNIN—All-American track and field athlete from Hartwick College in Oneonta; 2000 NCAA Woman of the Year for New York ● JOE NAMATH—quarterback for New York Jets; movie and television roles earned him the nickname “Broadway Joe” ● CHAMIQUE HOLDSCLAW—number one pick of Women’s National Basketball Association draft and Rookie of the Year in 1999; played on gold medal-winning basketball team Sports in 2000 Summer Olympics in Stuff Sydney, Australia ● WILLIE MAYS—one of baseball’s greatest center fielders, played with New York Giants and New York Mets, 11 consecutive Gold Gloves awards New York hosted the Winter Olympics in 1932 and 1980. Lake Placid, in the Adirondack Mountains, was the site of both games. The famous “Miracle on Ice” occurred during the 1980 games when the underdog USA hockey team defeated the heavilyfavored Russian team for the gold! Check out the Lake Placid Winter Olympic Museum.

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Sports Stuff ● KAREEM ABDUL-JABBAR—basketball player, All-Star, Most Valuable Player, Player of the Year ● MARK MESSIER—hockey player for New York Rangers, led team to 1994 Stanley Cup win ● VINCE LOMBARDI—one of football’s winningest coaches; Sugar Bowl trophy named in his honor ● DANIELLE HENDERSON—pitcher for gold medalwinning USA women’s softball team at 2000 Olympics; outstanding U.S. softball player in 1999

The 26-mile (42-kilometer) New York City Marathon is run ✮ ✮every year in November. More than 25,000 runners, including handicapped athletes, race through the streets of New York.

● JOE DIMAGGIO, MICKEY MANTLE—New York Yankees outfielders, Hall of Famers ● BABE RUTH—New York Yankees outfielder, home run record-holder, Hall of Famer; Yankee Stadium affectionately known as “the house that Ruth built”

Sports Stuff

● DEBI THOMAS—world champion ice skater; in 1988 became first African-American to win a medal in the Winter Olympics The 2000 World Series was professional baseball at its best! The Subway Series pitted Joe Torre’s New York Yankees against Bobby Valentine’s New York Mets. The Yankees won the close-scoring contest and became the first team since 1974 to win three straight World Series titles. It was the 26th World Series win for the New York Yankees!

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Authors ✒ JOYCE CAROL OATES—poet, short story writer, novelist; author of Them ✒ JAMES WELDON JOHNSON— outspoken figure in the Harlem Renaissance literary movement, his Book of American Negro Poetry was first major collection of poems by African-Americans in U.S. ✒ EDITH WHARTON—Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Age of Innocence ✒ JAMES FENIMORE COOPER—author of frontier tales The Last of the Mohicans, The Deerslayer, and The Pathfinder ✒ LORRAINE HANSBERRY—first African-American woman to have a play staged on Broadway; A Raisin in the Sun appeared in 1959, made into a movie in 1961

Authors

✒ ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER—author, received Nobel Prize in Literature; wrote in Yiddish, supervised translation of works into English ✒ HERMAN MELVILLE—author of Moby Dick

✒ EUGENE O’NEILL—playwright, won Pulitzer Prizes and Nobel Prize in Literature Follow the yellow brick road to Chittenango to see the home of Frank Baum, author of The Wizard of Oz. You may not be in Kansas anymore, but you can stay and see the annual Munchkins Parade!

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✒ WALT WHITMAN—one of America’s greatest poets ✒ JAMES MICHENER—author, Pulitzer Prize winner, wrote Tales of the South Pacific; inspired musical South Pacific ✒ JOSEPH HELLER—author

Artists EMMA STEBBINS—sculptor, created The Angel of the Waters that stands in Central Park’s Bethesda Fountain THOMAS COLE, FREDERIC E. CHURCH, ALBERT BIERSTADT—landscape painters, developed painting style called Hudson River school JACOB RIIS—social reformer, photographer, showed deplorable working and living conditions of New York City’s slums in late 1800s WILLEM DE KOONING, JACKSON POLLOCK, MARK ROTHKO—leading painters of abstract expressionist style called New York school ANDY WARHOL—pop art artist WINSLOW HOMER—painter of post-Civil War era; fisherman and sailors were favorite subjects GRANDMA MOSES—began painting at the age of 76; primitive painter of rural New York scenes; works shown at the Museum of Modern Art

Artists

FREDERIC REMINGTON—painter, illustrator, and sculptor of life in the American West NORMAN ROCKWELL—artist known for Saturday Evening Post magazine covers; depicted everyday people in everyday life MATHEW B. BRADY—photographer, documented Civil War on film EDWARD HOPPER—modern painter, captured loneliness and isolation of big-city life; painted Nighthawks The Ashcan School was a group of artists led by painter and teacher Robert Henri who depicted the street-life of New York City.

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More Famous New Yorkers SOJOURNER TRUTH—born a slave, became a social reformer, abolitionist, and powerful orator; spoke about women’s rights JONAS SALK—research scientist, developed first polio vaccine SYLVIA EARLE—marine biologist, Women’s Hall of Fame JOHN JACOB ASTOR—fur trader and millionaire, one of the founding members of New York’s elite high society during the prosperous “Gilded Age” WILLIAM BUCKLEY, JR.—founder, editor of National Review; known for conservative political views SAINT FRANCES XAVIER CABRINI—first U.S. citizen to be declared a saint by Roman Catholic Church; established Columbus Hospital More Famous New Yorkers

MARY CLEAVE—NASA astronaut ASA GRAY—educator, botanist, Manual of Botany helped classify North American plant life

HORACE GREELEY—political and social reformer, passionate abolitionist GERTRUDE BELLE ELION, GEORGE PULLMAN, GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, JR., GEORGE EASTMAN—inventors JULIA WARD HOWE—social reformer and poet, known for “Battle Hymn of the Republic” JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER—industrialist, philanthropist, founded Standard Oil Company; donated millions of dollars to community; Gilded Age family

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More Famous New Yorkers RED JACKET—Seneca chief LELAND STANFORD, JASON GOULD—railroad magnates FRANK WINFIELD WOOLWORTH—merchant JOHN PIERPONT (J.P.) MORGAN—banker, philanthropist, founder of U.S. Steel; donated millions of dollars to community; Gilded Age family JOSEPH PULITZER—journalist, newspaper publisher, founded Columbia University’s School of Journalism; created annual Pulitzer Prizes CLARE BOOTHE LUCE—playwright; politician, ran Time-Life publishing empire; ambassador to Italy, one of first women appointed to major diplomatic post GEORGE MEANY—labor leader, first president of combined AFL-CIO union; awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom

More Famous New Yorkers

WILLIAM HOWARD SCHUMAN—educator, composer, president of Juilliard School of Music and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts SAINT ELIZABETH ANN SETON—founded Sisters of Charity, first U.S. religious order; first native-born Roman Catholic saint CORNELIUS VANDERBILT—steamship line and railroad industrialist; Gilded Age family

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The Gilded Age of the early 1900s was a time when wealthy New York industrialists controlled many of the nation’s oil, railroad, and banking industries. Their offices had a Wall Street address.

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Political & Military Leaders HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON—first First Lady to successfully run for public office; elected to U.S. Senate in 2000 JACK KEMP—Buffalo Bills quarterback, American Football League Player of the Year; U.S. Representative FIORELLO LA GUARDIA—mayor of New York City, implemented honest administration and social reform programs; affectionately known as “The Little Flower” JAMES FORRESTAL—secretary of the navy, first U.S. secretary of defense, helped build U.S. fleet into largest in the world GERALDINE FERRARO—U.S. representative, first female nominated by a major party to run for national office; ran for U.S. vice president in 1984 Political & Military Leaders

WILLIAM AVERELL HARRIMAN—governor, presidential advisor, ambassador; chief U.S. negotiator of Vietnam War peace talks in Paris

JIMMY WALKER—mayor of New York City during the “Roaring Twenties” (1926-1932) THOMAS DEWEY—special prosecutor of rackets and vice; governor; U.S. presidential candidate, loss to Harry Truman ended political career DE WITT

CLINTON—mayor of New York City, governor, U.S. senator, pushed for building of Erie Canal

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In 1972, U.S. representatives Bella Abzug and Shirley Chisholm were among the founders of the National Women’s Political Caucus to achieve more political representation for women.

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Political & Military Leaders GEORGE CLINTON—soldier, governor, U.S. vice president GOUVERNEUR MORRIS—statesman, U.S. senator, helped draft U.S. Constitution DANIEL MOYNIHAN—public official, U.S. senator, U.N. ambassador NELSON ROCKEFELLER—governor, U.S. vice president COLIN POWELL—retired general U.S. Army; New Yorker of Jamaican descent; highest ranking military officer during Gulf War; secretary of state MARIO CUOMO—first Italian-American elected governor of New York JOHN JAY—first chief justice of U.S. Supreme Court, helped negotiate Treaty of Paris to end American Revolution

Political & Military Leaders

ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON—statesman, helped draft Declaration of Independence; minister to France; negotiated Louisiana Purchase William Marcy (Boss) Tweed was the political boss and founder of the Tweed Ring. A member of the famous Democratic party “political machine” known as Tammany Hall, Boss Tweed swindled millions of dollars from the New York City treasury. Tweed was discovered, tried and convicted, and sent to jail where he died in 1878. Not all Tammany Hall politicians were corrupt. Many helped immigrants find jobs and become citizens. Some “ bosses” worked to reform labor laws and improve New York City’s working conditions.

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Churches and Schools

Keeping the Faith New York City: St. Paul’s Chapel, Mother AME Zion Church, Trinity Church, Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Transfiguration, St. Patrick’s Cathedral, St. Bartholomew’s Church, St. Thomas Church, Bowne Street (Hindu Temple), St. Mark’s-in-theBowery, Church of the Ascension, Eldridge Street Synagogue, Judson Memorial Baptist Church, Temple Emanu-El, St. Luke’s in the Fields, Friends’ Meeting House, Central Synagogue, Eastern States Buddhist Temple Dutch Reformed Church, Fishkill—meeting place of Provincial Congress for delegates writing state constitution in 1776-1777 Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow—Washington Irving’s Legend of Sleepy Hollow read in church during the Halloween season

SCHOOLS • Columbia University, NYC— incorporated in 1754 and originally called King’s College; first institution of higher learning in New York Churches and Schools

• The Juilliard School, University of Rochester, Manhattan School of Music—renowned music schools • U.S. Military Academy, West Point—training school for U.S. Army officers founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1802; one of finest military museums in U.S.

The State University of New York, created in 1948, is one of the largest university systems in the U.S. with more than 70 schools throughout the state.

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• Union Theological Seminary, Yeshiva University, NYC—well-known schools for religious study • Other prominent schools include New York University, Cornell University, Syracuse University, Vassar College, Colgate University, and St. John’s University.

Home, Sweet Home! ★ Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, Hudson River Valley, north of Poughkeepsie— home of wealthy Gilded Age’s Vanderbilt family ★ Gracie Mansion, Yorkville, NYC—mayor’s official residence ★ St. Nicholas Historic District, West Harlem, NYC—beautiful rowhouses ★ Edward Mooney House, Chinatown—NYC’s oldest rowhouse ★ Boldt Castle, Heart Island, Thousand Islands—Prussian immigrant George C. Boldt started career as hotel dishwasher, eventually owned entire chain including Waldorf-Astoria ★ Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site, Albany New York City is a human…

kaleidoscope

…of more than 7 million people who live in many different neighborhoods, towns, and districts— Home, each with its own history, character, and Sweet architecture. SoHo, Tribeca, Park Avenue, Home! Harlem, Chinatown, Little Italy, Greenwich Village, the Bowery, Washington Square, Brooklyn Heights, East Village, Gramercy Park, Fifth Avenue, Upper East Side, Upper West Side, Morningside Heights, Chelsea, Riverdale, Washington Heights, Sag Harbor, East Hampton, Yorkville, Park Slope, Flushing, Little Asia, Garden City, Cold Spring Harbor, Fire Island, and Southampton are only a few of the distinctive communities with NYC zip codes.

I Love NY!

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Historic Sites ● Castle Clinton National Monument, Battery Park, NYC ● Federal Hall National Memorial, NYC— site of first U.S. capitol

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● Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, NYC—site of 1939 and 1964 World’s Fairs ● Walt Whitman Birthplace State Historic Site, Long Island ● Shinnecock Reservation, Long Island—only open to public during annual Shinnecock Powwow each September ● Stony Point Battlefield ● Senate House State Historic Site, Kingston ● Saratoga National Battlefield Park ● Stockade Historic District, Schenectady ● National Shrine of North American Martyrs, Auriesville

Historic Sites

● Johnstown Historical Society—exhibits on the life and work of Elizabeth Cady Stanton ● Oriskany Battlefield State Historic Site—site of one of bloodiest Revolutionary War battles

● Fort Stanwix National Monument, Rome—Stars and Stripes flew for first time in battle ● Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers of the American Revolution, Rome ● National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Cooperstown— memorabilia of baseball’s greatest players, both men and women

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Historic Sites ● Burroughs Memorial State Historic Site, Roxbury— site of naturalist and writer John Burroughs’ “boyhood rock,” site now marks his grave ● Fort Ticonderoga—restored military post and museum ● John Brown Farm Historic Site, Lake Placid—home of famous abolitionist ● Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site, Lake Ontario

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● East Avenue Historic District, Rochester—includes George Eastman House; inventor of small-format Kodak camera; house includes International Museum of Photography ● Joseph Smith Home and Sacred Grove, Palmyra— home and site of Mormon leader’s first vision

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● Harriet Tubman Home, Auburn

● Chemung County Historical Society, Elmira—Mark Twain exhibit ● Weighlock Building, Syracuse—only structure of its kind; canalboats once weighed here ● New York State Pavilion, Buffalo—houses Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Wow! There’s so much to see.

Historic Sites

A statue of George Washington stands at the Federal Hall National Memorial building on Wall Street in NYC. The statue is near the spot where Washington was sworn in as the first U.S. president.

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Libraries Check out the following special state libraries! (Do you have a library card? Have you worn it out yet?!) • New York Public Library—largest public library in the U.S., one of the nation’s best research libraries • Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park— official library of the 32nd U.S. president • Sibley Music Library, Rochester—one of the largest music collections in the U.S. • Columbia University Library, NYC—one of the largest collection of books in the world • Cornell University Library, Ithaca—also one of the world’s largest collections • Buffalo Public Library—excellent Grosvenor Collection • Rochester, Syracuse, Yonkers—large public library systems • Pierpont Morgan Library, NYC—prominent private library, opened in 1924 Libraries

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Lawyer Samuel Tilden fought the corrupt “Boss” Tweed Ring in NYC and later became governor. He left $3 million to create the NYC Public Library.

Museums • New York State Museum, Albany • Crailo State Historic Site, Rensselaer • Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC • The Farmers’ Museum, Inc., Cooperstown • The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning • Guggenheim Museum, Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, American Museum of Natural History, NYC • Museum of the Hudson Highlands, Cornwall-on-Hudson • American Museum of Fire Fighting, Hudson • The Shaker Museum and Library, Old Chatham • Fenimore Art Museum, Cooperstown • Strong Museum, Rochester • Native American Center for the Living Arts, Niagara Falls • National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, Saratoga Springs • Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum, Livingston Manor • The Petrified Creatures Museum of Natural History, Richfield Springs • Museum for African Art, NYC

Museums

• Museum of the City of New York, NYC • National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution • The Hispanic Society of America, NYC • National Baseball Hall of Fame, Cooperstown • Long Island Children’s Museum, Garden City • Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, NYC

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More Places to Visit Sites in the Big Apple: • Empire State Building, NYC—world’s tallest building in 1931 • Bronx Park, NYC—Bronx Zoo/Wildlife Conservation Park (largest urban wildlife park in the U.S.) and New York Botanical Gardens • Brooklyn Bridge, NYC—when completed in 1883, was world’s longest bridge, now a national historic landmark • United Nations Headquarters, NYC • Ellis Island, NYC—home of immigration museum • Central Park, NYC—island of green amidst a sea of concrete, has largest stand of American Elm trees in the U.S. • Coney Island—eat a Nathan’s hot dog; ride the Cyclone roller coaster! Cool spots a little farther off the beaten path: • Hudson Valley Raptor Center, Stanfordville—wildlife center for birds of prey • Fisher’s O.K. Rock Shop, Old Kinderhook—rocks, minerals, fossils • Adirondack Museum, Blue Mountain Lake— More Places one of finest regional museums in the U.S.; chronicles life in the Adirondacks to Visit • Six Nations Indian Museum, Onchiota—”living” museum presented from a Native American point of view • Frederic Remington Art Museum, Ogdensburg • Children’s Museum, Utica—natural history, history of New York, technology; hands-on exhibits • Glass Menagerie, Corning—one of world’s largest dealers in kaleidoscopes, hosts annual summer kaleidoscope shows

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Presidents & Places New Yorkers who became U.S. Presidents

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• Martin Van Buren—governor of New York, 8th president • Millard Fillmore—13th president • Chester Alan Arthur—21st president • Grover Cleveland—governor of New York, 22nd and 24th president • Theodore “ Teddy” Roosevelt—governor of New York, 26th president; won Nobel Peace Prize for helping end Russo-Japanese War; pushed for social reforms • Franklin Delano Roosevelt—governor of New York, 32nd president; only U.S. president to be elected four times; in office through Great Depression and into World War II

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T. Roosevelt

F. Roosevelt

President Franklin Roosevelt was crippled with polio, but tried to hide his illness from the public. He created New Deal programs to help Americans recover from the devastation of the Great Depression. Since President Roosevelt could not travel easily, his wife, Eleanor, became his “legs” and helped put the New Deal programs in place—jobs, welfare programs, and a social security system for retired people. Eleanor Roosevelt was a human rights activist who fought for social reform. Presidents & Places

Famous Presidential Places

✮

• Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, Long Island—home of President Teddy Roosevelt • Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site, Hyde Park—first lady’s country home called Val-Kill • Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site, Hyde Park— home of President Roosevelt • Theodore Roosevelt National Inaugural Site, Buffalo— site of President Teddy Roosevelt’s inauguration in the library of the Wilcox House

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That’s Entertainment! New York is a “star”… of stage and screen. In the performing arts, there are dozens of major opera and dance companies, symphony orchestras, and theater companies. • Rockefeller Center, NYC—entertainment and business complex; statue of Prometheus graces the Lower Plaza; Radio City Music Hall has 5,784 seats, world’s largest indoor theater • Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, NYC—headquarters for New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Metropolitan Opera, New York City Ballet, Juilliard School of Music • Carnegie Hall, NYC—built by Andrew Carnegie as first music hall in New York mainly for orchestra and choral music; outstanding acoustics; Russian composer Tchaikovsky conducted during opening week in 1891 • American Ballet Theater, Alvin Ailey Dance Company, Dance Theater of Harlem, Martha Graham Dance Company—renowned NYC dance companies • Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse, Albany—prominent symphony orchestras • Syracuse Opera, Lake George Opera Festival—noted opera companies

That’s Entertainment!

On September 8, 2000, the curtain came down for the last time on “CATS”—the longestrunning show in the history of Broadway. The clever Jellicle Cats danced and sang to more than 10 million theater-goers for 18 years during 7,485 performances!

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The lights are always bright on BROADWAY! New York City has the largest concentration of theaters in the nation—the Manhattan theater district. The heart of the district is Times Square where Broadway meets Seventh Avenue. Many of America’s great plays and musicals get their big break on Broadway!

Seashores & Lighthouses

S EASHORES Almost all of Long Island’s south shore—from Coney Island to Southampton Beach—is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a group of narrow barrier islands. The longest, Fire Island, is a beautiful national seashore with private communities, nature trails, and public beaches. According to legend, the famous pirate, Captain Kidd, buried his treasure on eastern Long Island. It’s been a while—about 300 years—but, some say it’s still there, waiting to be discovered! Keep digging!

In the mid-1800s, so many foreign sailors came to the whaling town of Cold Spring Harbor that its main street was known as “Bedlam Street” because they all spoke different languages.

L ET T HERE B E L IGHT ! It takes a lot of black and white paint to keep the lighthouse on Fire Island shining brightly in the New York sun! The Fire Island lighthouse marks the entrance to the Bay of New York. There are many other lighthouses—tall and short—twin towers and single—that help protect crews and ships as they sail along the waterways of New York.

Seashores & Lighthouses

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Bridges, Tunnels & Canals

Bridges and Tunnels The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge connects Brooklyn and Staten Island and is 4,260 feet (1,298 meters) long—that makes it one of the longest suspension bridges in the world. New York has several other noted bridges—the Brooklyn Bridge, the George Washington Bridge, and the Peace Bridge. More than 100,000 automobiles cross the Brooklyn Bridge every working day. The Holland and Lincoln Tunnels run under the Hudson River and connect New York with New Jersey. The Queens Midtown Tunnel runs between Queens and Manhattan, and the Battery Tunnel connects Manhattan to Brooklyn. The St. Lawrence Seaway, opened in 1959, was built along the St. Lawrence River to allow oceangoing ships to enter the Great Lakes. New York’s harbors on Lake Ontario and Lake Erie became ports for Atlantic Ocean ships.

Canals In 1817, Governor De Witt Clinton convinced the New York legislature to spend $7 million to build a canal from Albany to Buffalo. It was named Erie and ran for 363 miles (584 kilometers). The Erie Canal, opened in 1825, made travel possible from the Atlantic Ocean, up the Hudson River, through the canal to the Great Lakes. Today, the New York State Barge Canal System (Champlain, Oswego, Cayuga, Seneca, and Erie canals) is one of the longest inland waterways in the U.S.

Bridges, Tunnels & Canals

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State Parks New York has more than 200 state parks and forest preserves. The nation’s first state park (Niagara Reservation), first publicly owned historic site (Washington’s Headquarters at Newburgh), and the first nature trail (Harriman State Park), all belong to the great state of New York. The first statewide system of Urban Cultural Parks was also created in New York. The magnificent Adirondack Park covers 6 million acres (2.4 million hectares) of public and private land in upstate New York. It’s the nation’s largest state park and is bigger than the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, and Glacier national parks combined! Forty percent of the park’s mountains, forests, lakes, and streams will remain “forever wild” according to a state law passed in 1892. State Snow skiers love the sparkling slopes of the Parks Adirondacks. Lake Placid is a popular spot for Olympic hopefuls to train in skiing, bobsledding, and ice skating. New York has some warmer state parks, too, such as Jones Beach, Sunken Meadow, and Heckscher where sunbathers and swimmers like to go for their fun Don’t forget in the sun! your sunscreen!

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Animals

Animals of New York include: Porcupine Coyote Black Bear Moose

Animals

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Rabbit Mink Otter Skunk Beaver (state animal) White-tailed Deer Raccoon Red and Gray Fox

A special statue stands in Central Park— a statue of Balto, the sled dog who led dog teams over rough ice, treacherous waters, and through arctic blizzards to Nome, Alaska. The cargo they carried was a very important medicine needed to fight a diphtheria epidemic and save lives. You go, Balto!

Wildlife Watch Take a Walk on the Wild Side New York has some animals that are in danger of becoming extinct—or totally wiped off the planet! By the mid-1960s, Bald Eagles had flown the coop, and there were no successfully breeding pairs left in New York. The New York State Bald Eagle Restoration Project, started in 1976, has reintroduced the magnificent birds to the state. The Peregrine Falcon was also facing extinction, but this beautiful bird of prey has found a near-perfect place to live in the Big Apple. It makes itself right at home among the skyscrapers and bridges of New York City.

Today, New York’s endangered animals include: ● Karner Blue Butterfly

Pesticides and loss of habitat are two reasons why ● Green Sea Turtle some animals become extinct. ● Hawksbill Sea Turtle ● Roseate Tern

Wildlife Watch

● Leatherback Sea Turtle ● Loggerhead Sea Turtle

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Birds You may spy these birds! Eastern Bluebird (state bird)

Eastern Blue Bird

Ruffed Grouse Wild Turkey Mallard Duck Canada Goose Snow Goose Robin Ruby-throated Hummingbird Mourning Dove Killdeer Sparrow Yellow Warbler

Birds

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A hummingbird’s wings beat 75 times a second— so fast that you only see a blur! They make short, squeaky sounds, but do not sing.

Blue Jay Wren

Insects

Don’t let these New York bugs bug you! Stink Bug Beetle Cicada Mosquito Bumblebee Ants Cricket Dragonfly Firefly Honeybee Butterfly Katydid Moth Praying Mantis Termite Walking Stick Spittlebug Yellow Jacket Ladybug (State insect)

Grasshopper Do we know any of these bugs?

Maybe... Hey, that Ladybug is cute!

Early colonists complained of mosquitoes “as big as dinner plates”!

Insects

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Fish S WIMMING IN N EW Y ORK ’ S WATERS : Pike Salmon Bass Crappie Whitefish Muskellunge Perch Pickerel Minnow Sunfish Trout (Native Brook Trout is the state fish) Walleye

Fish

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Sea Critters I N THE SEA ,

YOU MAY SEE : Clam Lobster Oyster Whale Scallop Bluefish Shad Swordfish Tuna Sea Turtle Dolphin Seal

Whales once swam up and down the Atlantic coast. While their numbers were diminished during the years of whalehunting, you can still occasionally spot one heading north or south during the spring or fall seasons.

Sea Critters

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Seashells She sells

se

ashells by t

he New York seashor e!

Periwinkle Vampire Shell Slipper Shell Bubble Shell Moon Shell Tusk Shell Wentletrap Mussel Whelk Auger Shell Bay Scallop (State shell)

Seashells

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Sailors have used some types of Whelk eggs to wash their hands. The Whelk “egg soap” was called sea wash balls.

Oyster Cockle Coquina Angel Wing Clam

Vampire snails feed on the blood of their prey, usually without killing them. Yuk!

Trees These trees grace the state of New York: MAPLE (Sugar Maple is the state tree) ASH BEECH BIRCH RED CEDAR CHERRY FIR HEMLOCK LAUREL OAK PINE SPRUCE SWEET GUM

Trees

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Flowers lowers? wildf k r Are you crazy a Yo bout these New

Lady’s Slipper Jacob’s Ladder Wood Anemone Black-eyed Susan Butter-and-Eggs Indian Paintbrush Rose (state flower) Buttercup Violet

Flowers

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Do you ever think you would eat Butter-and-Eggs for a sore throat? Early colonists used this beautiful yellow and orange flower to make a medicine that soothed a scratchy throat!

Goldenrod Columbine Trillium Daisy Starflowers Queen Anne’s Lace

Key Crops Agricultural products from New York:

Yams

Poultry & Eggs Corn

Strawberries

Hay

Hogs

(sweet potatoes)

Milk

Grapes

Beef Cattle

Apples

Sheep Cherries

Potatoes

Cabbage

Honey

Key Crops

Beans 87

First/Big/Small/Etc. NEW YORK

LUV NYC

New York was the first state to require automobiles to have license plates. The nation’s oldest cattle ranch was founded at Montauk, Long Island in 1747.

One of the largest displays of roses in New York can be seen at the Sonnenberg Gardens in Canandaigua. In 1843, the first American chess tournament was played in New York. Checkmate! In 1979, students from Vassar College were the first from a private college to be allowed to study in the People’s Republic of China. The world’s smallest church is in Oneida. The chapel measures 3 1/2 by 6 feet (1.1 by 1.8 meters). In 1885, the first Yiddish newspaper began publication in NYC. The annual Boy Scout and Girl Scout Urban Camp-Outs are held at the Empire State Building. Boys camp out in November and the girls get their camping gear out in March. The first boy scout to achieve the rank of Eagle Scout was Arthur R. Eldred of Oceanside in 1912. Sam Wilson was a meatpacker from Troy whose caricature Uncle Sam has come to represent the United States. During the War of 1812, he stamped “U.S. Beef” on his meat products and the soldiers thought it meant “Uncle Sam.” First/Big/ Small/Etc.

The first U.S. pizzeria was opened in 1895 by Gennaro Lombardi in NYC.

Rochester is the home of bloomers, marshmallows, Jell-O, French’s Mustard, gold teeth, and the mail chute!

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Festivals

Celeb

St. Patrick’s Day Parade—NYC

rate!!!

Empire State Regatta—Albany

Belmont Stakes Horse Race—Long Island, NYC Schoharie County Maple Festival—Jefferson African-American Day Parade—Harlem, NYC

Hudson River White Water Derby—North Creek German Alps Festival—Hunter

Central New York Scottish Games—Liverpool Puerto Rican Day Parade—NYC Lighting of Giant Chanukah Menorah—NYC Ukrainian Festival—NYC New York Film Festival, Lincoln Center—NYC Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show—NYC

Adirondack Hot Air Balloon Festival—Glen Falls Feast of San Gennaro Festival—Little Italy, NYC White Dog Feast, Onondaga Reservation—near Syracuse Hispanic Day Parade—NYC Friendship Festival—Buffalo Winter Carnival—Saranac Lake

Festivals

Festival of Lights—Niagara Falls

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Holidays

Calendar Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 3rd Monday in January

Groundhog Day February 2

Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February

Valentine’s Day February 14

Memorial Day, last Monday in May

Independence Day, July 4

Labor Day, 1st Monday in September

Veterans Day, November 11

Thanksgiving, 4th Thursday in November

Christmas, Chanukah, Kwanzaa, Vietnamese Tet, and Chinese New Year are all special celebrations in New York. NYC’s Times Square is a great place to be at precisely 11:59 PM each December 31. Hundreds of thousands of excited people gather together to count down and celebrate. They watch the giant glowing apple make its 60-second drop from the roof of One Times Square signaling the arrival of the new year. Holidays

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10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1… Happy New Year!

York w is e kn

N

Famous Food ow nf or …

the following delicious foods! • • • • • • • • •

Buffalo Wings Apple Muffins Maple Syrup Sushi Dim Sum Pizza Concord Grape Pie Goulash Hot Dogs

• • • • • • • •

Oysters and Clams Bagels Pastrami Sandwich Cherry Tarts Pickles Blintzes Reuben Sandwich Onion Rolls

• • • • • • • •

Smoked Salmon Pastries Pirogi Borscht Apple Cider Cheesecake Dutch Apple Pie Salted New Potatoes

Did you know Thousand Island dressing is originally from the Thousand Islands’ village of Clayton?

Famous Food Make mine a salad with Thousand Island dressing!

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Business & Trade New York Works! New York is America’s center for finance, publishing, and fashion. Wall Street has been the financial heartbeat of America from the very beginning. Shares of stock exchanged on Wall Street helped finance the Revolutionary War. New York is an ideal place for corporate headquarters—many of the nation’s largest companies have a NYC address. Books, newspapers, magazines, and other printed materials are the leading factory goods. Publications such as The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, USA Today, Time, and Newsweek are based in NYC. In high fashion, New York is top-drawer. The design and production of clothing is BIG business. NYC is the nation’s top manufacturer of women’s clothing. If you’re looking for a great place to shop ’til you drop—Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue are the right spots. Show business is BIG business, too, with more than 200 movies a year produced locally. New York has long been a favorite location of movie-makers. Recently, Spike Lee’s Mo Better Blues and Nora Ephron’s You’ve Got Mail depicted life on different sides of the NYC is the Big Apple. television capital New York is one of of the U.S. providing the nation’s leading headquarters for manufacturing states. several major Plants produce toys, networks such machinery, clothing, as NBC, ABC, automobiles, photographic CBS. and Business equipment, food products, & Trade computer equipment, and much more.

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State Books & Websites My First Book About New York by Carole Marsh America the Beautiful: New York by Ann Heinrichs Let’s Discover the States: New York by the Aylesworths Kids Learn America by Patricia Gordon and Reed C. Snow The Young People’s Atlas of the United States by James Harrison and Eleanor Van Zandt The New York Experience Series by Carole Marsh

Cool New Yor k Web sites www.the

newyorkexperien ce.com www.50states.co m www.nyhistory.c om www.dos.state.n y.us/kidsroom www.ci.nyc.ny.us www.iloveny.state .ny.us

State Books & Websites

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Glossary

New York

Glossary choreographer: person who plans steps and movements of a dance

G LO S S A R Y W O R D S

colony: group of people who settle in a distant land, still under rule of country from which they came diversity: state of being different, variety epidemic: rapid spreading of a disease to many people at the same time glacier: large mass of ice and snow that moves very slowly immigrant: person who comes into a foreign country to make a new home inaugurated: to place in office with a ceremony kaleidoscope: anything that is always changing; small tube with mirrors and bits of colored glass that move and form patterns migratory: moving from one place to another nomad: tribe or people that has no permanent home, moves about looking for food patroon: a person who was given an estate that he could rent to others Glossary

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philanthropist: person who shows a love of other people, especially by giving money to help them

Spelling List

New York Spelling Bee

SPELLING WORDS

Here are some special New York-related words to learn! To take the Spelling Bee, have someone call out the words and you spell them aloud or write them on a piece of paper.

Adirondacks Albany baseball Beaver Buffalo boroughs Dutch Erie Iroquois

La Guardia McIntosh museum Niagara Poughkeepsie Saratoga suffrage Tammany Verrazano Spelling List

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About the Author About the Author... CAROLE MARSH has been writing about New York for more than 20 years. She is the author of the popular New York State Stuff series for young readers and creator, along with her son, Michael Marsh, of “New York Facts and Factivities,” a CD-ROM widely used in New York schools. The author of more than 100 New York books and other supplementary educational materials on the state, Marsh is currently working on a new collection of New York materials for young people. Marsh correlates her New York materials to the New York Learning Standards. Many of her books and other materials have been inspired by or requested by New York teachers and librarians.

You know… that was a great experience!

About the Author

Sure was! Thanks for taking me along.

EDItorial Assistant: Billie Walburn

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Good Uses For Your State Pocket Guide: Study for tests! Prepare reports! Find quick answers! Amaze your friends! Impress adults! Win trivia games! Get Smart and Have Fun!!

“This is the BEST, most thorough, most FUN little book about our state!”

The perfect reference guide for students in grades 3 and up—or anyone! This handy, easy-to-use guide is divided into 7 color-coded sections. Riddles, recipes and surprising facts make this guide a delight!

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