CONCERTA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES
J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS
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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1
Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Concerta: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84382-1 1. Concerta-Popular works. I. Title.
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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.
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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on Concerta. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.
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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.
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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health
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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON CONCERTA ................................................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Concerta ........................................................................................ 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND CONCERTA ...................................................................................... 21 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 21 Finding Nutrition Studies on Concerta....................................................................................... 21 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 25 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND CONCERTA ................................................................ 27 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 27 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 27 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 27 General References ....................................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON CONCERTA .................................................................................. 29 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 29 Dissertations on Concerta............................................................................................................ 29 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND CONCERTA ............................................................................ 33 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 33 Recent Trials on Concerta............................................................................................................ 33 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ............................................................................................. 36 CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON CONCERTA ............................................................................................ 39 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 39 Patents on Concerta ..................................................................................................................... 39 Patent Applications on Concerta ................................................................................................. 48 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 57 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 59 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 61 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 63 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 65 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 67 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 67 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 67 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 73 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 73 CONCERTA DICTIONARY .......................................................................................................... 75 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 101
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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with Concerta is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about Concerta, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to Concerta, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on Concerta. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to Concerta, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on Concerta. The Editors
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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.
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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON CONCERTA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on Concerta.
Federally Funded Research on Concerta The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to Concerta. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to Concerta. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore Concerta. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for Concerta: •
Project Title: TREATMENT OF ADHD IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY Principal Investigator & Institution: Gonzalez-Heydrich, Joseph M.; Children's Hospital (Boston) Boston, Ma 021155737 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-FEB-2003; Project End 31-JAN-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): Epilepsy is highly prevalent and associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Patients with chronic recurrent seizures are
2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).
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excluded from most pharmacological trials establishing standard treatments in pediatric psychiatry. Finding safe and effective treatments for psychiatric disorders in pediatric patients with epilepsy is of pressing public health importance. The purpose of this Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Development Award (K23) is for the candidate to become an independent clinical researcher in the psychopharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents facing epilepsy. The proposal focuses on patients with comorbid ADHD and epilepsy. The project will be conducted at Children's Hospital Boston (CHB), which serves a large population of patients with epilepsy. Joseph Biederman, MD, with expertise in clinical trials in pediatric psychopharmacology will serve as the primary mentor. William R. Beardslee, MD, Chairman of Psychiatry at CHB will serve as the sponsor. Blaise Bourgeois, MD, Chairman of the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology at CHB is the principal epilepsy consultant. Research plan: The aims are: 1) To perform a randomized placcbo controlled crossover trial of extended release methylphenidate (Concerta) in pediatric patients with comorbid ADHD and epilepsy; 2) To establish methods of assuring the safety of children with epilepsy in psychopharmacological clinical trials. Career development plan: The training will emphasize skills necessary for conducting randomized controlled clinical trials in youth with epilepsy comorbid with psychiatric disorders and to explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying their increased risk for psychopathology. Didactic work in intervention research design, statistics, developmental psychopathology, and assessment methodologies for psychopathology and treatment response will complement supervision by the program consultants. The long-term goals of the candidate are to develop and evaluate treatments for children with comorbid psychiatric disorders and epilepsy as well as to investigate neurobiological correlates of the risk and response to treatment of these disorders. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with Concerta, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “Concerta” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for Concerta (hyperlinks lead to article summaries):
3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.
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A dose-response study of OROS methylphenidate in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Stein MA, Sarampote CS, Waldman ID, Robb AS, Conlon C, Pearl PL, Black DO, Seymour KE, Newcorn JH. Source: Pediatrics. 2003 November; 112(5): E404. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14595084&dopt=Abstract
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A positron emission tomography study of methylphenidate in adults with ADHD: alterations in resting blood flow and predicting treatment response. Author(s): Schweitzer JB, Lee DO, Hanford RB, Tagamets MA, Hoffman JM, Grafton ST, Kilts CD. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 May; 28(5): 967-73. Epub 2003 March 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12700698&dopt=Abstract
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A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of methylphenidate and lithium in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: preliminary findings. Author(s): Dorrego MF, Canevaro L, Kuzis G, Sabe L, Starkstein SE. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2002 Summer; 14(3): 289-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12154153&dopt=Abstract
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A slow start to the new millennium. Zyvox, Concerta and Mifeprex headline the year. Author(s): Cornell S. Source: Adv Nurse Pract. 2000 December; 8(12): 62-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12397912&dopt=Abstract
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ADHD treatment with once-daily OROS methylphenidate: interim 12-month results from a long-term open-label study. Author(s): Wilens T, Pelham W, Stein M, Conners CK, Abikoff H, Atkins M, August G, Greenhill L, McBurnett K, Palumbo D, Swanson J, Wolraich M. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003 April; 42(4): 424-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12649629&dopt=Abstract
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An experimental comparison of Pycnogenol and methylphenidate in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Author(s): Tenenbaum S, Paull JC, Sparrow EP, Dodd DK, Green L. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002 September; 6(2): 49-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12142861&dopt=Abstract
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Association of the 480 bp DAT1 allele with methylphenidate response in a sample of Irish children with ADHD. Author(s): Kirley A, Lowe N, Hawi Z, Mullins C, Daly G, Waldman I, McCarron M, O'Donnell D, Fitzgerald M, Gill M. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2003 August 15; 121B(1): 50-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12898575&dopt=Abstract
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Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. Author(s): Kratochvil CJ, Heiligenstein JH, Dittmann R, Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Wernicke J, Newcorn JH, Casat C, Milton D, Michelson D. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002 July; 41(7): 776-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12108801&dopt=Abstract
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Attempted abuse of concerta. Author(s): Ciccone PE. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002 July; 41(7): 756. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12108796&dopt=Abstract
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate. A review of height/weight, cardiovascular, and somatic complaint side effects. Author(s): Rapport MD, Moffitt C. Source: Clinical Psychology Review. 2002 November; 22(8): 1107-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12436807&dopt=Abstract
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Bupropion-methylphenidate combination and grand mal seizures. Author(s): Ickowicz A. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2002 October; 47(8): 790-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12420664&dopt=Abstract
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Cardiovascular effects of methylphenidate in humans are associated with increases of dopamine in brain and of epinephrine in plasma. Author(s): Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Molina PE, Logan J, Gatley SJ, Gifford A, Ding YS, Wong C, Pappas NR, Zhu W, Swanson JM. Source: Psychopharmacology. 2003 March; 166(3): 264-70. Epub 2003 February 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12589522&dopt=Abstract
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Combined treatment with methylphenidate and citalopram for accelerated response in the elderly: an open trial. Author(s): Lavretsky H, Kim MD, Kumar A, Reynolds CF 3rd. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 December; 64(12): 1410-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14728100&dopt=Abstract
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Comments on effect of food on early drug exposure from extended-release stimulants: results from the Concerta, Adderall XR food evaluation study. Author(s): Gonzalez MA, Polli JE, Morgan JA. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2002; 18(7): Vii-X. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12487510&dopt=Abstract
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Comparative efficacy of Adderall and methylphenidate in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Roe C. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2002 October; 22(5): 468-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12352269&dopt=Abstract
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Comparative efficacy of two once daily methylphenidate formulations (Ritalin LA and Concerta) and placebo in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the school day. Author(s): Lopez F, Silva R, Pestreich L, Muniz R. Source: Paediatric Drugs. 2003; 5(8): 545-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12895137&dopt=Abstract
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Comparing the abuse potential of methylphenidate versus other stimulants: a review of available evidence and relevance to the ADHD patient. Author(s): Kollins SH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003; 64 Suppl 11: 14-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14529325&dopt=Abstract
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Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users. Author(s): Heil SH, Holmes HW, Bickel WK, Higgins ST, Badger GJ, Laws HF, Faries DE. Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2002 July 1; 67(2): 149-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12095664&dopt=Abstract
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Daily methylphenidate use slows the growth of children: a community based study. Author(s): Lisska MC, Rivkees SA. Source: J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2003 June; 16(5): 711-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12880120&dopt=Abstract
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Development of a new once-a-day formulation of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: proof-of-concept and proof-of-product studies. Author(s): Swanson J, Gupta S, Lam A, Shoulson I, Lerner M, Modi N, Lindemulder E, Wigal S. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2003 February; 60(2): 204-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12578439&dopt=Abstract
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Dexmethylphenidate. Author(s): Keating GM, Figgitt DP. Source: Drugs. 2002; 62(13): 1899-904; Discussion 1905-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12215063&dopt=Abstract
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Does increasing methylphenidate dose aid symptom control in ADHD? Author(s): Ibay AD, Bascelli LM, Graves RS, Hill J. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 2003 May; 52(5): 400, 403. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12737774&dopt=Abstract
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Dopamine transporter gene and response to methylphenidate in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Roman T, Szobot C, Martins S, Biederman J, Rohde LA, Hutz MH. Source: Pharmacogenetics. 2002 August; 12(6): 497-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12172219&dopt=Abstract
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Dopamine transporter gene, response to methylphenidate and cerebral blood flow in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Author(s): Rohde LA, Roman T, Szobot C, Cunha RD, Hutz MH, Biederman J. Source: Synapse (New York, N.Y.). 2003 May; 48(2): 87-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12619042&dopt=Abstract
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Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid cocaine dependence. Author(s): Schubiner H, Saules KK, Arfken CL, Johanson CE, Schuster CR, Lockhart N, Edwards A, Donlin J, Pihlgren E. Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2002 August; 10(3): 286-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12233989&dopt=Abstract
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EEG differences between good and poor responders to methylphenidate in boys with the inattentive type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Clarke AR, Barry RJ, McCarthy R, Selikowitz M, Croft RJ. Source: Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2002 August; 113(8): 1191-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12139997&dopt=Abstract
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Effect of food on early drug exposure from extended-release stimulants: results from the Concerta, Adderall XR Food Evaluation (CAFE) Study. Author(s): Auiler JF, Liu K, Lynch JM, Gelotte CK. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2002; 18(5): 311-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12240794&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of methylphenidate discontinuation on cerebral blood flow in prepubescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Langleben DD, Acton PD, Austin G, Elman I, Krikorian G, Monterosso JR, Portnoy O, Ridlehuber HW, Strauss HW. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2002 December; 43(12): 1624-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468511&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of methylphenidate on functional magnetic resonance relaxometry of the cerebellar vermis in boys with ADHD. Author(s): Anderson CM, Polcari A, Lowen SB, Renshaw PF, Teicher MH. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 August; 159(8): 1322-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12153824&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of methylphenidate on heart rate and blood pressure among inpatients with acquired brain injury. Author(s): Burke DT, Glenn MB, Vesali F, Schneider JC, Burke J, Ahangar B, Goldstein R. Source: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists. 2003 July; 82(7): 493-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12819535&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of methylphenidate on the inhibitory postsynaptic potential in rat locus coeruleus neurons. Author(s): Kuwahata T, Ishimatsu M, Kidani Y, Akasu T. Source: Kurume Med J. 2002; 49(4): 185-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12652969&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of methylphenidate, desipramine, and L-dopa on attention and inhibition in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Author(s): Overtoom CC, Verbaten MN, Kemner C, Kenemans JL, van Engeland H, Buitelaar JK, van der Molen MW, van der Gugten J, Westenberg H, Maes RA, Koelega HS. Source: Behavioural Brain Research. 2003 October 17; 145(1-2): 7-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14529800&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of a new pattern of delivery of methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD: effects on activity level in the classroom and on the playground. Author(s): Swanson JM, Gupta S, Williams L, Agler D, Lerner M, Wigal S. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002 November; 41(11): 1306-14. Erratum In: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003 February; 42(2): 260. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12410072&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of Adderall and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a drug-placebo and drug-drug response curve analysis of a naturalistic study. Author(s): Faraone SV, Short EJ, Biederman J, Findling RL, Roe C, Manos MJ. Source: The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology / Official Scientific Journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (Cinp). 2002 June; 5(2): 121-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12135536&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of methylphenidate in patients with cerebral palsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Author(s): Gross-Tsur V, Shalev RS, Badihi N, Manor O. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 2002 December; 17(12): 863-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12593456&dopt=Abstract
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Electrophysiological investigation of the effectiveness of methylphenidate in children with and without ADHD. Author(s): Seifert J, Scheuerpflug P, Zillessen KE, Fallgatter A, Warnke A. Source: Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2003 July; 110(7): 821-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12811642&dopt=Abstract
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Elevated striatal dopamine transporter in a drug naive patient with Tourette syndrome and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: positive effect of methylphenidate. Author(s): Krause KH, Dresel S, Krause J, Kung HF, Tatsch K, Lochmuller H. Source: Journal of Neurology. 2002 August; 249(8): 1116-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12420715&dopt=Abstract
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Extended-release methylphenidate (Ritalin LA). Author(s): Lyseng-Williamson KA, Keating GM. Source: Drugs. 2002; 62(15): 2251-9; Discussion 2260-1. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12381228&dopt=Abstract
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Failed attempts at intranasal abuse of Concerta. Author(s): Jaffe SL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002 January; 41(1): 5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11800205&dopt=Abstract
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Forty years of methylphenidate treatment in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. Author(s): Conners CK. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002; 6 Suppl 1: S17-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685516&dopt=Abstract
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Guidelines and algorithms for the use of methylphenidate in children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. Author(s): Greenhill L, Beyer DH, Finkleson J, Shaffer D, Biederman J, Conners CK, Gillberg C, Huss M, Jensen P, Kennedy JL, Klein R, Rapoport J, Sagvolden T, Spencer T, Swanson JM, Volkow N. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002; 6 Suppl 1: S89-100. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685523&dopt=Abstract
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High-dose methylphenidate treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a preschooler. Author(s): Lipkin PH, Butz AM, Cozen MA. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2003 Spring; 13(1): 103-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12804131&dopt=Abstract
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Illicit methylphenidate use in an undergraduate student sample: prevalence and risk factors. Author(s): Teter CJ, McCabe SE, Boyd CJ, Guthrie SK. Source: Pharmacotherapy. 2003 May; 23(5): 609-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12741435&dopt=Abstract
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Inappropriate prescription of methylphenidate. Author(s): Cooper N. Source: N Z Med J. 2003 October 10; 116(1183): U636. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14581947&dopt=Abstract
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Increased urine phenylethylamine after methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD. Author(s): Kusaga A, Yamashita Y, Koeda T, Hiratani M, Kaneko M, Yamada S, Matsuishi T. Source: Annals of Neurology. 2002 September; 52(3): 372-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12205654&dopt=Abstract
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Initiating treatment with modafinil for control of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients switching from methylphenidate: an open-label safety study assessing three strategies. Author(s): Thorpy MJ, Schwartz JR, Kovacevic-Ristanovic R, Hayduk R. Source: Psychopharmacology. 2003 June; 167(4): 380-5. Epub 2003 April 23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12709775&dopt=Abstract
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Interferon-induced fatigue in patients with melanoma: a pilot study of exercise and methylphenidate. Author(s): Schwartz AL, Thompson JA, Masood N. Source: Oncology Nursing Forum. 2002 August; 29(7): E85-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12183762&dopt=Abstract
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Isolated orofacial dyskinesia: a methylphenidate-induced movement disorder. Author(s): Senecky Y, Lobel D, Diamond GW, Weitz R, Inbar D. Source: Pediatric Neurology. 2002 September; 27(3): 224-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12393134&dopt=Abstract
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Mechanism of action of methylphenidate: insights from PET imaging studies. Author(s): Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang G, Ding Y, Gatley SJ. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002; 6 Suppl 1: S31-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685517&dopt=Abstract
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Megadose intranasal methylphenidate (ritalin) abuse in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Coetzee M, Kaminer Y, Morales A. Source: Substance Abuse : Official Publication of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse. 2002 September; 23(3): 165-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12444349&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate and intracortical excitability: opposite effects in healthy subjects and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Moll GH, Heinrich H, Rothenberger A. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2003 January; 107(1): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12558545&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate and substance abuse: a review of pharmacology, animal, and clinical studies. Author(s): Huss M, Lehmkuhl U. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002; 6 Suppl 1: S65-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685521&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate and the cytochrome P450 system. Author(s): Baird R. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2003 July; 48(6): 425-6; Author Reply 426. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12894619&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate as a possible cause of thrombocytopenia. Author(s): Kuperman AA, Yaniv I, Stahl B, Tamary H. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2003 July-August; 37(7-8): 1146. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12841835&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate bioavailability from two extended-release formulations. Author(s): Gonzalez MA, Pentikis HS, Anderl N, Benedict MF, DeCory HH, Dirksen SJ, Hatch SJ. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 April; 40(4): 175-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11996212&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate down-regulates the dopamine receptor and transporter system in children with attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD). Author(s): Vles JS, Feron FJ, Hendriksen JG, Jolles J, van Kroonenburgh MJ, Weber WE. Source: Neuropediatrics. 2003 April; 34(2): 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12776228&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate enhances both intracortical inhibition and facilitation in healthy adults. Author(s): Kirschner J, Moll GH, Fietzek UM, Heinrich H, Mall V, Berweck S, Heinen F, Rothenberger A. Source: Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 March-April; 36(2): 79-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12734766&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate facilitates and disinhibits the motor cortex in intact humans. Author(s): Ilic TV, Korchounov A, Ziemann U. Source: Neuroreport. 2003 April 15; 14(5): 773-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12692481&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate improves response inhibition in adults with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Aron AR, Dowson JH, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 December 15; 54(12): 1465-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14675812&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate improves Stroop naming speed, but not response interference, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Bedard AC, Ickowicz A, Tannock R. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2002 Winter; 12(4): 301-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12625990&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate in treatment of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Author(s): Biederman J, Spencer T. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002; 6 Suppl 1: S101-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685524&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate produces a false-positive urine amphetamine screen. Author(s): Manzi S, Law T, Shannon MW. Source: Pediatric Emergency Care. 2002 October; 18(5): 401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12395015&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with velocardiofacial syndrome: an open-label study. Author(s): Gothelf D, Gruber R, Presburger G, Dotan I, Brand-Gothelf A, Burg M, Inbar D, Steinberg T, Frisch A, Apter A, Weizman A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 October; 64(10): 1163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14658963&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate treatment in children with borderline IQ and mental retardation: analysis of three aggregated studies. Author(s): Aman MG, Buican B, Arnold LE. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2003 Spring; 13(1): 29-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12804124&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate treats apathy in Parkinson's disease. Author(s): Chatterjee A, Fahn S. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2002 Fall; 14(4): 461-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12426416&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate-evoked potentiation of extracellular dopamine in the brain of adolescents with premature birth: correlation with attentional deficit. Author(s): Rosa Neto P, Lou H, Cumming P, Pryds O, Gjedde A. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2002 June; 965: 434-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12105118&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in an elderly man. Author(s): Serby M. Source: Cns Spectr. 2003 August; 8(8): 612-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12907924&dopt=Abstract
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Methylphenidate-induced plasticity: what should we be looking for? Author(s): Hyman SE. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 December 15; 54(12): 1310-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14675793&dopt=Abstract
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Motor timing deficits in community and clinical boys with hyperactive behavior: the effect of methylphenidate on motor timing. Author(s): Rubia K, Noorloos J, Smith A, Gunning B, Sergeant J. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2003 June; 31(3): 301-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12774863&dopt=Abstract
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Neurofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a comparison with methylphenidate. Author(s): Fuchs T, Birbaumer N, Lutzenberger W, Gruzelier JH, Kaiser J. Source: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 2003 March; 28(1): 1-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12737092&dopt=Abstract
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Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Author(s): Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burrows-Maclean L, Williams A, Fabiano GA, Morrisey SM, Chronis AM, Forehand GL, Nguyen CA, Hoffman MT, Lock TM, Fielbelkorn K, Coles EK, Panahon CJ, Steiner RL, Meichenbaum DL, Onyango AN, Morse GD. Source: Pediatrics. 2001 June; 107(6): E105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11389303&dopt=Abstract
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Oral methylphenidate-alcohol co-abuse. Author(s): Barrett SP, Pihl RO. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2002 December; 22(6): 633-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12454570&dopt=Abstract
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Paediatric methylphenidate (Ritalin) restrictive conditions of prescription in France. Author(s): Frances C, Hoizey G, Millart H, Trenque T. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2004 January; 57(1): 115-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14678352&dopt=Abstract
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Patient-controlled methylphenidate for the management of fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: a preliminary report. Author(s): Bruera E, Driver L, Barnes EA, Willey J, Shen L, Palmer JL, Escalante C. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 December 1; 21(23): 4439-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14645434&dopt=Abstract
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Pediatric methylphenidate exposures: 7-year experience of poison centers in the United States. Author(s): Klein-Schwartz W. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 2003 March; 42(2): 159-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12659390&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate after oral administration of two modifiedrelease formulations in healthy adults. Author(s): Markowitz JS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS, DeVane CL, Pestreich L, Lee J, Wang Y, Muniz R. Source: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2003; 42(4): 393-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648029&dopt=Abstract
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Poison centers' experience with methylphenidate abuse in pre-teens and adolescents. Author(s): Klein-Schwartz W, McGrath J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003 March; 42(3): 288-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12595781&dopt=Abstract
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Prevalence of and change in the prescription of methylphenidate in Israel over a 2year period. Author(s): Fogelman Y, Vinker S, Guy N, Kahan E. Source: Cns Drugs. 2003; 17(12): 915-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12962530&dopt=Abstract
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Randomized, controlled trial of oros methylphenidate once a day in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Wolraich ML, Greenhill LL, Pelham W, Swanson J, Wilens T, Palumbo D, Atkins M, McBurnett K, Bukstein O, August G. Source: Pediatrics. 2001 October; 108(4): 883-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11581440&dopt=Abstract
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Rate dependency revisited: understanding the effects of methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Teicher MH, Polcari A, Anderson CM, Andersen SL, Lowen SB, Navalta CP. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2003 Spring; 13(1): 41-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12804125&dopt=Abstract
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Reinforcing, subject-rated, and physiological effects of intranasal methylphenidate in humans: a dose-response analysis. Author(s): Stoops WW, Glaser PE, Rush CR. Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2003 August 20; 71(2): 179-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12927656&dopt=Abstract
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Relative lack of cognitive effects of methylphenidate in elderly male volunteers. Author(s): Turner DC, Robbins TW, Clark L, Aron AR, Dowson J, Sahakian BJ. Source: Psychopharmacology. 2003 August; 168(4): 455-64. Epub 2003 May 07. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12734634&dopt=Abstract
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Reply to comments by Gonzalez et al. on the CONCERTA, Adderall XR Food Evaluation (CAFE) study. Author(s): Auiler JF, Lynch JM, Gelotte CK. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2003; 19(1): 64-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12661783&dopt=Abstract
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Response to methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and manic symptoms in the multimodal treatment study of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder titration trial. Author(s): Galanter CA, Carlson GA, Jensen PS, Greenhill LL, Davies M, Li W, Chuang SZ, Elliott GR, Arnold LE, March JS, Hechtman L, Pelham WE, Swanson JM. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2003 Summer; 13(2): 12336. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12880507&dopt=Abstract
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Responses to methylphenidate in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and normal children: update 2002. Author(s): Rapoport JL, Inoff-Germain G. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002; 6 Suppl 1: S57-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685519&dopt=Abstract
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Role of dopamine in the therapeutic and reinforcing effects of methylphenidate in humans: results from imaging studies. Author(s): Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Ding YS, Gatley SJ. Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 December; 12(6): 557-66. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468018&dopt=Abstract
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Seizures associated with venlafaxine, methylphenidate, and zolpidem. Author(s): Tavakoli SA, Gleason OC. Source: Psychosomatics. 2003 May-June; 44(3): 262-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12724513&dopt=Abstract
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Serum and brain concentrations of methylphenidate: implications for use and abuse. Author(s): Swanson JM, Volkow ND. Source: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2003 November; 27(7): 615-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14624806&dopt=Abstract
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Successful treatment of intractable hiccup with methylphenidate in a lung cancer patient. Author(s): Marechal R, Berghmans T, Sculier P. Source: Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2003 February; 11(2): 126-8. Epub 2002 December 07. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12560943&dopt=Abstract
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The acute effect of methylphenidate on cerebral blood flow in boys with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Szobot CM, Ketzer C, Cunha RD, Parente MA, Langleben DD, Acton PD, Kapczinski F, Rohde LA. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2003 March; 30(3): 423-6. Epub 2003 January 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12634972&dopt=Abstract
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The effect of methylphenidate on three forms of response inhibition in boys with AD/HD. Author(s): Scheres A, Oosterlaan J, Swanson J, Morein-Zamir S, Meiran N, Schut H, Vlasveld L, Sergeant JA. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2003 February; 31(1): 105-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12597703&dopt=Abstract
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The effects of methylphenidate on prepulse inhibition during attended and ignored prestimuli among boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Hawk LW Jr, Yartz AR, Pelham WE Jr, Lock TM. Source: Psychopharmacology. 2003 January; 165(2): 118-27. Epub 2002 November 01. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12417963&dopt=Abstract
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The efficacy of 2 different dosages of methylphenidate in treating adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Bouffard R, Hechtman L, Minde K, Iaboni-Kassab F. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2003 September; 48(8): 546-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14574830&dopt=Abstract
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The functioning neuronal transporter for dopamine: kinetic mechanisms and effects of amphetamines, cocaine and methylphenidate. Author(s): Schenk JO. Source: Prog Drug Res. 2002; 59: 111-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12458965&dopt=Abstract
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The hazards of legislative restraints on legislative decisions--the case of methylphenidate (ritalin) vs. paracetamol (acamol). Author(s): Apter A. Source: The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences. 2003; 40(3): 162-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14619674&dopt=Abstract
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Three-month treatment course of methylphenidate increases plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Maayan R, Yoran-Hegesh R, Strous R, Nechmad A, Averbuch E, Weizman A, Spivak B. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2003; 48(3): 111-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14586159&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment effects of methylphenidate on behavioral adjustment in children with mental retardation and ADHD. Author(s): Pearson DA, Santos CW, Roache JD, Casat CD, Loveland KA, Lachar D, Lane DM, Faria LP, Cleveland LA. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003 February; 42(2): 209-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12544181&dopt=Abstract
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Use of methylphenidate for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with epilepsy or electroencephalographic abnormalities. Author(s): Gucuyener K, Erdemoglu AK, Senol S, Serdaroglu A, Soysal S, Kockar AI. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 2003 February; 18(2): 109-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12693777&dopt=Abstract
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Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. Author(s): Volkow ND, Swanson JM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 November; 160(11): 1909-18. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14594733&dopt=Abstract
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What are the long-term effects of methylphenidate treatment? Author(s): Volkow ND, Insel TR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 December 15; 54(12): 1307-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14675792&dopt=Abstract
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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND CONCERTA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and Concerta.
Finding Nutrition Studies on Concerta The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail:
[email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “Concerta” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.
4 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “Concerta” (or a synonym): •
5-HT3 receptor antagonist MDL 72222 attenuates cocaine- and mazindol-, but not methylphenidate-induced neurochemical and behavioral effects in the rat. Author(s): Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Drug Research Unit, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
[email protected] Source: Kankaanpaa, Aino Meririnne, Esa Seppala, Timo Psychopharmacology-(Berl). 2002 February; 159(4): 341-50 0033-3158
•
A slow start to the new millennium. Zyvox, Concerta and Mifeprex headline the year. Source: Cornell, S Adv-Nurse-Pract. 2000 December; 8(12): 62-4 1096-6293
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Adverse response to methylphenidate in combination with valproic acid. Author(s): Child Development Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Source: Gara, L Roberts, W J-Child-Adolesc-Psychopharmacol. 2000 Spring; 10(1): 39-43 1044-5463
•
Altered responsiveness to cocaine in rats exposed to methylphenidate during development. Author(s): Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
[email protected] Source: Andersen, Susan L Arvanitogiannis, Andreas Pliakas, Andrea M LeBlanc, Celeste Carlezon, William A Jr Nat-Neurosci. 2002 January; 5(1): 13-4 1097-6256
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An experimental comparison of Pycnogenol and methylphenidate in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Author(s): The Attention Deficit Center in St. Louis 63141, MO. Source: Tenenbaum, S Paull, J C Sparrow, E P Dodd, D K Green, L J-Atten-Disord. 2002 September; 6(2): 49-60 1087-0547
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Analgesic action of methylphenidate on parkinsonian sensory symptoms. Mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. Author(s): Department of Neurology, University School of Medicine, Turin, Italy. Source: Cantello, R Aguggia, M Gilli, M Delsedime, M Riccio, A Rainero, I Mutani, R Arch-Neurol. 1988 September; 45(9): 973-6 0003-9942
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Behavioral pharmacological similarities between methylphenidate and cocaine in cocaine abusers. Author(s): Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA.
[email protected] Source: Rush, C R Baker, R W Exp-Clin-Psychopharmacol. 2001 February; 9(1): 59-73 1064-1297
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Blockade of striatal dopamine transporters by intravenous methylphenidate is not sufficient to induce self-reports of “high”. Author(s): Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA. Source: Volkow, N D Wang, G J Fowler, J S Gatley, S J Logan, J Ding, Y S Dewey, S L Hitzemann, R Gifford, A N Pappas, N R J-Pharmacol-Exp-Ther. 1999 January; 288(1): 1420 0022-3565
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Chronic methylphenidate alters locomotor activity and dopamine transporters differently from cocaine. Author(s): Psychobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Intramural Research, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
[email protected] Nutrition
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Source: Izenwasser, S Coy, A E Ladenheim, B Loeloff, R J Cadet, J L French, D Eur-JPharmacol. 1999 June 4; 373(2-3): 187-93 0014-2999 •
Comparable changes in synaptic dopamine induced by methylphenidate and by cocaine in the baboon brain. Author(s): Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
[email protected] Source: Volkow, N D Fowler, J S Gatley, S J Dewey, S L Wang, G J Logan, J Ding, Y S Franceschi, D Gifford, A Morgan, A Pappas, N King, P Synapse. 1999 January; 31(1): 5966 0887-4476
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Depletion of catecholamines in the brain of rats differentially affects stimulation of locomotor activity by caffeine, D-amphetamine, and methylphenidate. Author(s): Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. Source: Finn, I B Iuvone, P M Holtzman, S G Neuropharmacology. 1990 July; 29(7): 62531 0028-3908
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Dopamine-transporter occupancy after intravenous doses of cocaine and methylphenidate in mice and humans. Author(s): Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
[email protected] Source: Gatley, S J Volkow, N D Gifford, A N Fowler, J S Dewey, S L Ding, Y S Logan, J Psychopharmacology-(Berl). 1999 September 1; 146(1): 93-100 0033-3158
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Dynamic changes in sensitivity occur during the acute response to cocaine and methylphenidate. Author(s): Psychiatry Department (0603), UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093, USA.
[email protected] Source: Kuczenski, R Segal, D S Psychopharmacology-(Berl). 1999 November; 147(1): 96103 0033-3158
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Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of osmotic controlled-release methylphenidate HCl in healthy subjects. Author(s): Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ALZA Corp, 1900 Charleston Road, Mountain View, CA 94039, USA.
[email protected] Source: Modi, N B Wang, B Hu, W T Gupta, S K Biopharm-Drug-Dispos. 2000 January; 21(1): 23-31 0142-2782
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Effects of chronic nicotine and methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
[email protected] Source: Levin, E D Conners, C K Silva, D Canu, W March, J Exp-Clin-Psychopharmacol. 2001 February; 9(1): 83-90 1064-1297
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Effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate. Author(s): PharmaLytics Inc, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Source: Midha, K K McKay, G Rawson, M J Korchinski, E D Hubbard, J W Pharm-Res. 2001 August; 18(8): 1185-9 0724-8741
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Effects of methylphenidate analogues on phenethylamine substrates for the striatal dopamine transporter: potential as amphetamine antagonists? Author(s): Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, USA. Source: Wayment, H K Deutsch, H Schweri, M M Schenk, J O J-Neurochem. 1999 March; 72(3): 1266-74 0022-3042
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Effects of repeated methylphenidate treatment in the young rat: sensitization of both locomotor activity and stereotyped sniffing. Author(s): Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino 92407-2397, USA.
[email protected] Source: McDougall, S A Collins, R L Karper, P E Watson, J B Crawford, C A Exp-ClinPsychopharmacol. 1999 August; 7(3): 208-18 1064-1297
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Enhanced reactivity and vulnerability to cocaine following methylphenidate treatment in adolescent rats. Author(s): Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA. Source: Brandon, C L Marinelli, M Baker, L K White, F J Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 November; 25(5): 651-61 0893-133X
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Gabapentin and methylphenidate treatment of a preadolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yale University, School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. Source: Hamrin, V Bailey, K J-Child-Adolesc-Psychopharmacol. 2001 Fall; 11(3): 301-9 1044-5463
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Inhibition of methylphenidate-induced behaviors in rats: differences among neuroleptics. Author(s): Neurobiology Division, Fondax, Puteaux, France. Source: Koek, W Colpaert, F C J-Pharmacol-Exp-Ther. 1993 October; 267(1): 181-91 00223565
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Methylphenidate and cocaine have a similar in vivo potency to block dopamine transporters in the human brain. Author(s): Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
[email protected] Source: Volkow, N D Wang, G J Fowler, J S Fischman, M Foltin, R Abumrad, N N Gatley, S J Logan, J Wong, C Gifford, A Ding, Y S Hitzemann, R Pappas, N Life-Sci. 1999; 65(1): PL7-12 0024-3205
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Naloxone augments the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to methylphenidate in normal subjects. Author(s): Affective Disorders Unit, Sunnyside Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand. Source: Joyce, P R Donald, R A J-Psychiatr-Res. 1987; 21(3): 297-300 0022-3956
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Neuropharmacologic treatment of hemineglect: a case report comparing bromocriptine and methylphenidate. Author(s): Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Source: Hurford, P Stringer, A Y Jann, B Arch-Phys-Med-Rehabil. 1998 March; 79(3): 346-9 0003-9993
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Response to growth hormone in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate and pemoline therapy. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. Source: Rao, J K Julius, J R Breen, T J Blethen, S L Pediatrics. 1998 August; 102(2 Pt 3): 497-500 0031-4005
Nutrition
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•
Stereoselective effects of methylphenidate on motor hyperactivity in juvenile rats induced by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning. Author(s): Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School and Mailman Research Center, McLean Division of Massachusetts General Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. Source: Davids, Eugen Zhang, Kehong Tarazi, Frank I Baldessarini, Ross J Psychopharmacology-(Berl). 2002 February; 160(1): 92-8 0033-3158
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The concurrent use of lithium and methylphenidate in a child. Source: Licamele, W L Goldberg, R L J-Am-Acad-Child-Adolesc-Psychiatry. 1989 September; 28(5): 785-7 0890-8567
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The use of methylphenidate in the treatment of refractory neurocardiogenic syncope. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA. Source: Grubb, B P Kosinski, D Mouhaffel, A Pothoulakis, A Pacing-Clin-Electrophysiol. 1996 May; 19(5): 836-40 0147-8389
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Treatment for hyperactive children: homeopathy and methylphenidate compared in a family setting. Author(s): Spezialarzt FMH fur Kinder und Jugendliche, FA Homoopathie SVHA, Laupen, Switzerland.
[email protected] Source: Frei, H Thurneysen, A Br-Homeopath-J. 2001 October; 90(4): 183-8 0007-0785
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Use of methylphenidate as an adjuvant to narcotic analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. Source: Bruera, E Brenneis, C Paterson, A H MacDonald, R N J-Pain-Symptom-Manage. 1989 March; 4(1): 3-6 0885-3924
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Visual event related potentials after methylphenidate and sodium valproate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030. Source: Frank, Y Clin-Electroencephalogr. 1993 January; 24(1): 19-24 0009-9155
Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •
healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0
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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov
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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov
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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/
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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/
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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/
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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/
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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •
AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/
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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html
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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND CONCERTA Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to Concerta. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to Concerta and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “Concerta” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to Concerta: •
A slow start to the new millennium. Zyvox, Concerta and Mifeprex headline the year. Author(s): Cornell S. Source: Adv Nurse Pract. 2000 December; 8(12): 62-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12397912&dopt=Abstract
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •
Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/
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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats
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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/
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drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/
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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/
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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/
The following is a specific Web list relating to Concerta; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •
General Overview Alzheimer's Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com
•
Herbs and Supplements Ginseng (Panax) Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10029,00.html Methylphenidate Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Mixed Amphetamines Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com
General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.
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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON CONCERTA Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to Concerta. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “Concerta” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on Concerta, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.
Dissertations on Concerta ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to Concerta. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •
Analysis and Pharmacokinetics of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Studies in Hyperactive Children by Chan, Ying-Pui Mick; PhD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1980 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK47027
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Causal Attributions Made by Parents of Children Taking Methylphenidate for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Jenson, Cary, PhD from Virginia Commonwealth University, 1996, 110 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9627437
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Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Methylphenidate on Conduct Disordered Boys by Bawden, Harry N; PhD from Carleton University (Canada), 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL29871
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Dosage Effects of Methylphenidate on the Activity Level of Hyperactive Children by Witt, Peter Arthur, PhD from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1971, 111 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7212442
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Effect of Two Levels of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride for Hyperkinetic Children on Measures of Attention and Mother-child Interaction by Bambrick, James R; PhD from University of Windsor (Canada), 1979 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK41929
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Effects of Methylphenidate on Information Processing and Reading in a Group of Hyperactive Children by Ballinger, Carolyn Lois Tucker, PhD from University of Washington, 1982, 93 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8218198
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Effects of Methylphenidate on Right Hemisphere Functioning in ADHD by Campbell-Cholvat, Lorraine, PhD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1993, 139 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NN86280
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Methylphenidate Protocol for Use in Broad Practice by Wojtowicz, Alexandra, PhD from Temple University, 1995, 146 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9527547
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Parents' Decision-Making Process in Methylphenidate Administration: Educational Policy Considerations by Slimmer, Lynda Walton, PhD from University of Illinois at Chicago, 1984, 127 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8411339
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The Differential Dose Effects of Methylphenidate on Hyperactive Children and Their Mothers by Lipton, Meryl Esta, PhD from University of Minnesota, 1980, 240 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8025476
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The Effect of Methylphenidate and Amygdalectomy on Active Avoidance Performance in the Rat by Yeudall, Lorne T; AdvDeg from University of Alberta (Canada), 1970 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK06771
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The Effect of Methylphenidate on Self-Concept and Locus of Control of Hyperactive Children by Thompson, Lynda M; PhD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1979 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK40969
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The Effects of Methylphenidate and Thioridazine upon Attention, Arousal and Activity in Mentally Retarded Youngsters by Tate, Douglas Lloyd; PhD from Carleton University (Canada), 1975 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK24232
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The Effects of Methylphenidate Dose on Attention and Nonverbal Learning in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by O'Toole, Kathleen Mary, PhD from Georgia State University, 1994, 98 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9507429
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The Effects of Methylphenidate during Rest, Exercise, and Recovery upon the Circulorespiratory Responses of Hyperactive Children. by Ballard, Joyce Elaine, PhD from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1975, 240 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7514079
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The Effects of Methylphenidate on Avoidance Learning and Risk-taking by Hyperkinetic Children by Freeman, Richard J; PhD from University of Waterloo (Canada), 1978 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK37852
Dissertations 31
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The Effects of Methylphenidate on Learning in Hyperactive Children: the Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm by Vyse, Stuart Arthur, PhD from University of Rhode Island, 1987, 130 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8800163
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The Effects of Methylphenidate on Self-regulatory Speech of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Hyperactivity) by Coffey, Laura Denton, PhD from Indiana State University, 1993, 155 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9322597
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The Effects of Methylphenidate on the Attention Span and Learning Performance of Hyperactive Children. by Kozuch, Donna Parko, PhD from The American University, 1977, 85 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7804614
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The Effects of Methylphenidate on the Reading Behaviors of Elementary School Children Diagnosed As Hyperactive by Hynd, Cynthia R., EDD from University of Georgia, 1984, 376 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8421123
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The Effects of Methylphenidate on the Repeated Acquisition Performance of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Giuliano, Christopher Paul, PhD from Western Michigan University, 1991, 65 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9201559
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The Utility of Reading to Read with Boys with ADHD during Optimal Versus Nonoptimal Methylphenidate Effect Windows by Kastner, Joseph William, PhD from The University of Southern Mississippi, 1997, 100 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9809151
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Verbal and Porteus Maze Performance of Learning Disabled Children: Effects of Methylphenidate and Input Organization by Freston, Cyrus Wheelock, II, PhD from The University of Texas at Austin, 1971, 133 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7215757
Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.
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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND CONCERTA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning Concerta.
Recent Trials on Concerta The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to Concerta.5 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •
Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine Compared With Methylphenidate in Treating Children With Depression and Problems With Memory, Attention, and Thinking Caused By Cancer Treatment Condition(s): unspecified childhood solid tumor, protocol specific; Depression; neurotoxicity Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Stimulant drugs such as dextroamphetamineamphetamine and methylphenidate may decrease depression and may help improve memory, attention, and thinking problems caused by central nervous system (CNS) treatment for cancer. PURPOSE: Randomizedphase II trial to compare the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine-amphetamine with that of methylphenidate in treating depression and problems with memory, attention, and thinking in children who have undergone CNS treatment for cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00069927
5
These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
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•
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Methylphenidate to Improve Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Brain Tumors Condition(s): adult brain tumor; brain metastases; cognitive and functional effects; Depression; Fatigue; Quality of Life Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Methylphenidate may decrease side effects of radiation therapy. It is not yet known if methylphenidate is effective in improving quality of life in patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. PURPOSE: Randomizedphase III trial to determine the effectiveness of methylphenidate in improving quality of life in patients who have brain tumors and are undergoing radiation therapy. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00031798
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Methylphenidate in Children and Adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autistic Disorder; Pervasive Development Disorders Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate for treating hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and distractibility in 60 children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). Methylphenidate (Ritalin)is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Data supporting its safety and effectiveness in treating ADHD symptoms in PDD are limited. Children and adolescents who do not show a positive response to methylphenidate will be invited to participate in a pilot study of the non-stimulant medication guanfacine (Tenex). Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00025779
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Methylphenidate in Treating Patients With Melanoma Condition(s): unspecified adult solid tumor, protocol specific; Fatigue; Quality of Life Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Methylphenidate may relieve some of the side effects of chemotherapy in patients with melanoma. It is not known whether receiving methylphenidate is more effective than receiving no further therapy in treating patients
Clinical Trials 35
with melanoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to determine if methylphenidate is more effective than no further therapy for the relief of fatigue and drowsiness in treating patients with melanoma who have received high-dose interferon alfa for 8-24 weeks. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003266 •
Methylphenidate Raclopride PET test - 11 Condition(s): Cocaine-Related Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); New York MDRU Purpose - Excerpt: PET test-retest Phase(s): Phase IV Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00015301
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Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Methylphenidate Effects on Early Recovery Condition(s): Brain Injuries Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); Murray Fellowship Purpose - Excerpt: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of acquired long term disability among children and young adults. Deficits in attention and memory are common and persist for years after moderate or severe TBI. The similarity between these symptoms and those of children with AD/HD, the efficacy of methylphenidate in the treatment of AD/HD, and the efficacy of methylphenidate in improving recovery of animals with brain injuries, support the need to study methylphenidate effects in children with TBI. This investigation of methylphenidate in children with moderate to severe TBI aims to: (1) Assess the acute effects of 2 different dosages of methylphenidate on attention and reaction time when the medication is administered to children early in recovery; (2) Assess the ability of 8 weeks of methylphenidate to improve the rate of recovery of cognitive, memory, and attentional skills in children with TBI; (3) Identify the frequency of common methylphenidate side effects in children with TBI. Phase(s): Phase IV Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00035139
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Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “Concerta” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: •
For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/
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For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html
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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/
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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm
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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm
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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm
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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp
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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm
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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/
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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm
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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm
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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm
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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm
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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm
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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials
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CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON CONCERTA Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.6 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “Concerta” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on Concerta, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.
Patents on Concerta By performing a patent search focusing on Concerta, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We
6Adapted
from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.
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will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. The following is an example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on Concerta: •
7-amino-2-heptenoates and their use in the preparation of methylphenidate Inventor(s): Fox; Martin Edward (Cambridge, GB), Paul; Jane Marie (Cambridge, GB) Assignee(s): Medeva Europe Limited (gb) Patent Number: 6,031,124 Date filed: September 25, 1998 Abstract: The subject invention pertains to compounds of the formula Y.sup.1 Y.sup.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --CH.dbd.C(Ph)--X wherein Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are independently H or a removable blocking group, or Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 together are a removable divalent blocking group; and X is COOCH.sub.3 or a group convertible thereto. Such a compound may be cyclised, by Michael addition, to give methylphenidate, if necessary after removing blocking group(s) and converting X to COOCH.sub.3. The subject invention also pertains to methods for preparing compounds of the invention. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to the synthesis of methylphenidate by cyclisation of new 7-amino-2-heptenoates. Methylphenidate has utility as a therapeutic agent, e.g. in the treatment of attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder. It was first prepared as a mixture of the erythro and threo racemates. U.S. Pat. No. 2,957,880 discloses its synthesis and also studies upon the two racemic mixtures, which revealed that the therapeutic activity resides in the threo diastereomer. wherein R* is the chiral auxiliary.alpha.methylbenzylamine and R is lower alkyl. This structure is indicated as suitable for cyclisation to 1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-piperidinone, en route to antihistaminic agents. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06031124__
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Chronic, bolus administration of D-threo methylphenidate Inventor(s): Dariani; Maghsoud M. (Fanwood, NJ), Zeitlin; Andrew L. (Millington, NJ), Zeldis; Jerome B. (Princeton, NJ) Assignee(s): Celegene Corporation (warren, Nj) Patent Number: 5,922,736 Date filed: September 29, 1997 Abstract: Chronic bolus administration of D-threo methylphenidate is provided. The administration of the D-threo isomer eliminates adverse side effects associated with the DL racemate, and provides improved effectiveness. The compositions and methods of the invention are useful in treating nervous system disorders including attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cognitive decline associated with systemic diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Excerpt(s): The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for treating nervous system disorders such as attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive decline associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and similar conditions. The methods involve the administration of a single, bolus dose of a composition comprising D-threo methylphenidate. The compositions are substantially free of L-threo methylphenidate and of erythro forms of
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methylphenidate. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), a commonly diagnosed nervous system illness in children, is generally treated with methylphenidate hydrochloride (available commercially as, e.g., Ritalin.RTM.). Symptoms of ADD include distractibility and impulsivity. A related disorder, termed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is further characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, and is also treated with methylphenidate hydrochloride. Methylphenidate drugs have also been used to treat cognitive decline in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related conditions. See, e.g., Brown, G., Intl J. Psych. Med. 25(1): 21-37 (1995); Holmes et al., J. Clin. Psychiatry 50: 5-8 (1989). Clinically, the threo pair of enanitiomers of methylphenidate hydrochloride is generally administered for the treatment of ADD and ADHD. The hydrochloride salt is commonly referred to simply as "methylphenidate". Unless indicated otherwise, the term "methylphenidate" is used broadly herein to include methylphenidate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, including methylphenldate hydrochloride. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05922736__ •
Compositions and methods for treatment of attention deficit disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with methylphenidate Inventor(s): Dixon; Terese A. (Miami, FL), Mantelle; Juan (Miami, FL) Assignee(s): Noven Pharmaceuticals, Nc. (miami, Fl) Patent Number: 6,210,705 Date filed: September 30, 1998 Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and compositions for topical application of methylphenidate comprising methylphenidate in a flexible, finite system wherein the methylphenidate is present in an amount sufficient to achieve substantially zero order kinetics for delivery to the skin or mucosa of a patient in need thereof over a period of time at least 10 hours. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by means of topical application of methylphenidate in a pharmaceutically acceptable adhesive carrier, in an amount sufficient to achieve substantially zero-order kinetics over a period of at least 10 hours. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (severally and collectively hereinafter referred to as "AD") are developmental disorders of self-control. They consist of problems with attention span, impulse control and activity level. These problems are reflected in impairment of a person's will or capacity to control his or her own behavior relative to the passage of time and to keep future goals and consequences in mind. Traditionally, methylphenidate has been used as the drug of choice for the treatment of AD in both children and adults for several reasons. Methylphenidate, described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,957,880, is a central nervous system stimulant. Though not an amphetamine, methylphenidate functions in a similar way in the brain. The current commercially available dosage form (Ritalin.RTM. tablets) and available strengths of the tablets fall short of providing effective treatment for a significant portion of the patient's waking hours. Methylphenidate has a short duration of action of from about 2 to 4 hours. A controlled release tablet of methylphenidate is commercially available, but is available only in one strength. This product, which was designed to eliminate the need for multiple administration of a tablet during the school day for children and reduce dosing
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to either once or twice a day, falls short of providing effective treatment for a significant portion of the patient's waking hours. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06210705__ •
Controlled/modified release oral methylphenidate formulations Inventor(s): Darke; Andrew (Ontario, CA), Goldenheim; Paul D. (Wilton, CT), Krishnamurthy; Thinnayam N. (Ontario, CA), Oshlack; Benjamin (New York, NY), Sackler; Richard S. (Greenwich, CT) Assignee(s): Euro-celtique, S.a. (luxembourg, Lu) Patent Number: 6,673,367 Date filed: December 16, 1999 Abstract: The invention is directed to oral modified/controlled release methylphenidate formulations which provide a rapid initial onset of effect and a prolonged duration of effect. Preferably, the peak concentration is lower than that provided by the reference standard for immediate release methylphenidate formulations, and the duration of effect falls rapidly at the end of the dosing interval so as not to affect the appetite of the patient at dinner nor the patient's sleep thereafter. Excerpt(s): Sustained release dosage forms are central in the search for improved therapy, both through improved patient compliance and decreased incidences of adverse drug reactions. It is the intent of all sustained release formulations to provide a longer period of pharmacologic action after administration than is ordinarily obtained after administration of immediate-release dosage forms. Sustained release compositions may be used to delay absorption of a medicament until it has reached certain portions of the alimentary tract, and maintain a desired concentration of said medicament in the blood stream for a longer duration than would occur if conventional rapid release dosage forms are administered. Such longer periods of response provide for many therapeutic benefits that are not achieved with corresponding short acting, immediate release preparations. Thus, therapy may be continued without interrupting the sleep of the patient, which is of special importance, for example, when treating a patient for moderate to severe pain (e.g., a post-surgery patient, a cancer patient, etc.), or for those patients who experience migraine headaches on awakening, as well as for the debilitated patient for whom sleep is essential. A further general advantage of longer acting drug preparations is improved patient compliance resulting from the avoidance of missed doses through patient forgetfulness. Unless conventional rapid acting drug therapy is carefully administered at frequent intervals to maintain effective steady state blood levels of the drug, peaks and valleys in the blood level of the active drug occurs because of the rapid absorption, systemic excretion of the compound and through metabolic inactivation, thereby producing special problems in maintenance therapy of the patient. In view of this, it is considered a goal of many skilled in the art that a controlled release dosage form will ideally provide therapeutic concentration of the drug in blood that is maintained throughout the dosing interval with a reduction in the peak/trough concentration ratio. Central to the development process are the many variables that influence the in vivo release and subsequent absorption of the active ingredients from the gastrointestinal tract. It is known in the pharmaceutical art to prepare compositions which provide for sustained release of pharmacologically active substances contained in the compositions after oral administration to humans and animals. Sustained release formulations known in the art include specially coated pellets, coated tablets and capsules, and ion exchange resins, wherein the slow release of
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the active medicament is brought about through selective breakdown of the coating of the preparation or through compounding with a special matrix to affect the release of a drug. Some sustained release formulations provide for related sequential release of a single dose of an active compound at predetermined periods after administration. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06673367__ •
Method of treating attention deficit disorders with d-threo methylphenidate Inventor(s): Dariani; Maghsoud M. (Fanwood, NJ), Stirling; David I. (Branchburg, NJ), Zeitlin; Andrew L. (Millington, NJ) Assignee(s): Celgene Corporation (warren, Nj) Patent Number: 5,908,850 Date filed: April 2, 1997 Abstract: Methods for treating Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, AIDS Dementia Complex and cognitive decline in HIV-AIDS while minimizing drug hypersensitivity, toxicity, side effects, euphoric effect, and drug abuse potential by administration of d-threo-methylphenidate or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to methods of treating certain Central Nervous System disorders such as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), HIV/AIDS cognitive decline, and AIDS Dementia Complex with decreased side effects, reduced euphoric effect, and reduced drug abuse potential. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is the most commonly diagnosed illness in children. Patrick et al., J. Pharmacol. & Exp. Therap., 241:152-158 (1987). Symptoms of ADD include distractibility and impulsivity. A related disorder, termed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is further characterized by increased symptoms of hyperactivity in patients. Racemic methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin.RTM.) is a mild Central Nervous System stimulant with pharmacological activity qualitatively similar to amphetamines, and has been the drug of choice for symptomatic treatment of ADD in children. Greenhill, L., Child & Adol. Psych. Clin. N.A., Vol. 4, Number 1:123-165 (1995). Current administration of racemic methylphenidate, however, results in notable side effects such as anorexia, weight loss, insomnia, dizziness and dysphoria. Additionally, racemic methylphenidate which is a Schedule II controlled substance, produces a euphoric effect when administered intravenously or through inhalation, and thus carries a high potential for substance abuse in patients. At least 70% of HIV-infected individuals who have developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) eventually manifest cognitive defects, and many display signs and symptoms of dementia. See Navia et al., Annals of Neurology, 19:517-524 (1986). Complaints of forgetfulness, loss of concentration, fatigue, depression, loss of attentiveness, mood swings, personality change, and thought disturbance are common in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. Douzenis et al., Proc. 7th Int'l. Conf. AIDS, 1, MB, 2135:215 (1991); Holmes et al., J. Clin. Psychiatry, 50:5-8 (1989). Racemic methylphenidate has been used to treat cognitive decline in AIDS/ARC patients. Brown, G., Intl. J. Psych. Med. 25(1): 21-37 (1995). As described above, racemic methylphenidate which is a Schedule II controlled substance, produces a euphoric effect when administered intravenously or through inhalation, and thus carries a high potential for drug abuse in AIDS patients. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05908850__
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Method of treating depression using 1-threo-methylphenidate Inventor(s): Kumar; Vijai (Morris Plains, NJ), Midha; Kamal K. (Hamilton, BM), Teicher; Martin (Waltham, MA) Assignee(s): Pharmaquest Limited (hamilton, Bm) Patent Number: 6,395,752 Date filed: August 11, 2000 Abstract: A method of treating dysphoria or depression is disclosed in a patient which comprises the step of administering orally or non-orally to said patient, a therapeutically effective amount of 1-threo-methylphenidate or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a method of treating depression in a patient by oral or non-oral administration of 2S,2'S-methyl 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidyl) acetate, commonly known as 1-threo-methylphenidate, hereinafter referred to as 1-MPH and to pharmaceutical compositions containing 1-MPH designed to deliver 1-MPH to the central nervous system. More particularly the method of treatment is designed to provide relief to a depressed patient who is awaiting the onset of the antidepressive action of an antidepressant such as a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or any other class of antidepressant that requires administration over 2 to 6 weeks to demonstrate therapeutic effect. Orally administered racemic d1-threo-methylphenidate (d1-MPH) is widely used in the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adults and also in the treatment of depression in patients suffering from cancer or AIDS, compulsive shopping disorder, narcolepsy, and hypersomnia. It is known that the therapeutic effect of d1-MPH in the treatment of ADHD in children is attributable to d-MPH (Srinivas et al, Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 52, 561 to 568, 1992). Until recently, however, little was known about the potential pharmacological and/or therapeutic roles of 1-MPH because concentrations of 1-MPH in plasma and brain are very low due to extensive enantioselective first pass metabolism of 1-MPH after oral administration of d1-MPH (Srinivas et al, Pharm. Res. 10, 14 to 21, 1993). After intravenous administration of d1-MPH, however, both enantiomers of threomethylphenidate are taken up into the brain although their patterns of distribution are different (Ding et al, Psychopharmacology 131, 71 to 78, 1997). The use of oral stimulants such as dextroamphetamine or d1-MPH in the treatment of severe depressive disorders in the elderly or terminally ill depressed patients has been the subject of many studies over the years. After reviewing 85 publications on the subject, Satel and Nelson (J. Clin. Psychiat. 50, 241 to 249, 1989) were critical of the fact that many of the studies reported were methodologically unsophisticated and/or uncontrolled. They concluded that while stimulants are no more effective than a placebo in the treatment of primary depression, stimulants may be of value in the treatment of refractory patients and medically ill patients. Similarly, Chiarello and Cole (Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 44, 276 to 285, 1997) reviewed 81 publications and concluded that many of the older studies are inadequate although there was some evidence to support the use of psychostimulants in selected clinical instances. Emptage and Smith (Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 30, 151 to 157, 1996) reviewed 43 studies published from 1986 to 1995 and concluded that oral--MPH appears to be a safe and effective treatment for depressed, medically ill, elderly patients to provoke a rapid onset of antidepressant activity. Recently Wallace and co-workers (Am. J. Psychiat. 152, 929 to 931, 1995) conducted what they termed the first placebocontrolled double blind trial to demonstrate the efficacy of oral d1-MPH in older, medically ill depressed patients. The benefit of oral d1-MPH was statistically and clinically significant despite the small number of patients in the study (n=16).
Patents 45
Depressive symptoms decreased markedly in 7 subjects (Hamilton depression scale decreased by >55%), moderately in a further 3 subjects (Hamilton depression scale decreased by 30 to 55%), minimally in 3 subjects (Hamilton depression scale decreased by