Acidophilus - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

ACIDOPHILUS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N...

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ACIDOPHILUS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Acidophilus: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83678-7 1. Acidophilus-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on acidophilus. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACIDOPHILUS ........................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Acidophilus ................................................................................... 4 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 6 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACIDOPHILUS.................................................................................. 25 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 25 Finding Nutrition Studies on Acidophilus .................................................................................. 25 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 31 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACIDOPHILUS ........................................................... 33 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 33 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 33 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 39 General References ....................................................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ACIDOPHILUS ............................................................................. 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 47 Dissertations on Acidophilus....................................................................................................... 47 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON ACIDOPHILUS ........................................................................................ 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 Patents on Acidophilus ................................................................................................................ 49 Patent Applications on Acidophilus ............................................................................................ 83 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 90 CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON ACIDOPHILUS ............................................................................................ 91 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 91 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 91 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 92 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ............................................................................. 92 Chapters on Acidophilus .............................................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 7. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ACIDOPHILUS .............................................................. 95 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 95 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 95 Newsletter Articles ...................................................................................................................... 96 Academic Periodicals covering Acidophilus ................................................................................ 97 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 101 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 101 NIH Guidelines.......................................................................................................................... 101 NIH Databases........................................................................................................................... 103 Other Commercial Databases..................................................................................................... 106 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ............................................................................................... 107 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 107 Patient Guideline Sources.......................................................................................................... 107 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................. 109 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................ 111 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 111 Preparation................................................................................................................................. 111 Finding a Local Medical Library................................................................................................ 111 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................. 111

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES................................................................................................................ 117 Online Dictionary Directories ................................................................................................... 117 ACIDOPHILUS DICTIONARY .................................................................................................. 119 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 165

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with acidophilus is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about acidophilus, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to acidophilus, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on acidophilus. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to acidophilus, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on acidophilus. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACIDOPHILUS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on acidophilus.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and acidophilus, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “acidophilus” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Cystitis: The Bladder on Fire. What Should You Do? Source: Family Urology. 4(2): 9-12. 1999. Contact: Available from American Foundation for Urologic Disease. 1126 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. (800) 242-2383 or (410) 468-1800. Fax (410) 468-1808. Website: www.afud.org. Summary: This article reviews painful bladder conditions, including bacterial cystitis (urinary tract infections, or UTI) and interstitial cystitis (IC). The author notes that women and their physicians are often unaware of the variety of possible causes and the many effective treatments; indeed, many women are incorrectly diagnosed, offered no or inappropriate treatment, and denied referral for further investigation that may lead to successful therapy. In most cases, the correct diagnosis is strongly suggested by the

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history and examination of the urine and can be confirmed relatively quickly through basic testing. Other cases are very confusing and require a concerted effort from both the patient and the clinician to achieve success. In most cases of patients with frequent UTIs, no major abnormality will be uncovered and therapy must focus on prevention of the infections, notably with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. After a 3 to 6 month period of prophylaxis, the antibiotic can be discontinued and about two thirds of women will break out of the cycle of recurrent infections. The odds can be improved if the patient makes an effort to increase fluid intake, voids regularly, and regulates the vaginal bacteria by taking acidophilus preparations. In addition, hormone replacement in the postmenopausal female reduces the risk of recurrent infections and should be discussed in the context of the woman's overall health. IC is an inflammation that is not caused by bacteria; the symptoms occur consistently and over a substantial period of time in the absence of infection. IC has a natural course characterized by spontaneous flares and remissions; the author discusses the various risk factors for flare ups. The history is the single most important factor in making the diagnosis of IC; however, it is important to exclude other diseases that could mimic the bladder irritation seen in IC. Although there is no cure for IC, there are many treatments that can address the most bothersome symptoms with minimal side effects. The author briefly reviews bladder distention, DMSO bladder instillations, oral drugs, pain medications, dietary therapy, electrical stimulation (TENS), biofeedback, and acupuncture. The author concludes by reiterating that help is available for almost all patients with bladder pain and frequency who are willing to participate actively in their care. •

An Alternative Treatment Activist Manifesto - Special Issue Source: GMHC Treatment Issues; Vol. 7, No. 11 / 12. Contact: Gay Mens Health Crisis, 119 W 24th St Tisch Bldg, New York, NY, 10011-1995, (212) 367-1205, http://www.gmhc.org. Summary: This special issue summarizes information on alternative treatments for HIV/AIDS. It provides an historical review on alternative therapies and describes common alternative therapies, vitamins, Chinese herbs, and antioxidants. Specific therapies include Acemannan, Artemisia, Astragalus, Bitter Melon, Spirulina, Coenzyme Q10, Compound Q, Curcumin, Echinacea, Garlic, Germanium-132, Ginseng, Glycyrrhizyn (Licorice Root), Green Barley Leaf Extract, Hypericin, Iscador, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Milk Thistle (Silymarin), PCM-4, Prunellin, Shark Cartilage, Shiitake Mushrooms, and Sho-Saiko-To (SSKT). The issue features an interview with Jane Buckle, Director of Research Coordination at the Research Council on Complementary Medicine in London, an advocacy agency for alternative therapies. Vitamin requirements, deficiencies, and supplementation are discussed. One article addresses antioxidants, oxidative stress, and the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). It identifies points for evaluating alternative treatments and examines the controversial Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1993 (S. 784/H.R. 1709).

Federally Funded Research on Acidophilus The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to acidophilus. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of

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Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to acidophilus. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore acidophilus. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for acidophilus: •

Project Title: MURINE AIDS MODEL: OPPORTUNISTIC INFEC: MAIDS: TCR GENE:

C

PARVUM

PROBIOTICS,

Principal Investigator & Institution: Alak, John I.; Tuskegee University Tuskegee Institute, Al 36088 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The overall objective of this proposal is to study the host/pathogen interaction at mucosal surfaces and to develop prevention strategies that maximize protective mucosal immune responses to Cryptosporidiumum parvum (C parvum). We will develop and maintain a murine model for murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) which will be used to study the pathogenesis of C parmm; a potential pathogen commonly associated with AIDS. To develop the MAIDS model, C57BI_16 female mice win be immunosuppressed by inoculation with LP-BM5; then challenged with C parvum 3 months post LP-BM5 infection. Studies of experimentally induced cryptosporidiosis using this model, will serve as a relevant tool for evaluating various therapies for prevention of this opportunistic disease as our previous studies have confirmed that mice infected with LP-BM5, develop persistent experimental cryptosporidiosis with high numbers of oocysts shed in the feces. Since the spread of AIDS is global and frequently assoc iated with opportunistic infections including cryptosporidiosis, it is critical to control AIDS-related o0portunistic diseases to alleviate human suffering in order to minimize both social and economic impact on society. Our long range goal will be to develop effective prophylactic regimens for the control of Cryptosporidium. infection, especially through nutritional, immunotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic interventions. As yet, no effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis has been reported. We will achieve the following specific aims during these studies: elucidate the role of cellular gut immunity to C parvum in this MAIDS model by determining the roles and phenotypic frequencies of intestinal (1) intraepithelial (EEL's) and (2) lamina propria (LPL) subpopulations (CD4', CD8, IgA, IgG' and IgM') and cytokine (TNF-a , IFN-y, IL-1, IL-2, 4, 5 and 10) production post C parvum challenge. (3) evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri and L. acidophilus as probiotics for the control of cryptosporidiosis and (4) evaluate the efficacy of probiotics and (5) vavvines administered simultaneously for the control of cryptosporidiosis. Results obtained from these studies will be relevant in the development of new therapies for the control of

2

Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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cryptosporidiosis and other opportunistic diseases in immuncompromised individuals especially AIDS subjects. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PROTEGRIN DESIGN Principal Investigator & Institution: Lehrer, Robert I.; Professor; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, Ca 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: Our long term goal is to design protegrin peptides that will be used both as topical microbicides to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and as topical therapeutics to remediate bacterial vaginosis (BV). The Specific Aims of this project are: 1. To design protegrin-like molecules that inactivate multiple STD agents and the bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis, without affecting normal vaginal flora. 2. To determine how the beta-sheet and turn regions of protegrins contribute to these activities. 3. To learn how protegrins interact with factors relevant to their use as topical microbicides, including a) host proteins, peptides, peptides and cells; b) host and microbial proteases; c) nonoxynol-9 other surfactants. 4. To study the effects of protegrins on C. albicans a frequent vaginal opportunist. 5. To examine how protegrins assemble into dimers and oligomers, and ascertain if and how such assemble relates to their antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hemolytic properties. Protegrins are small, exceptionally potent, beta-sheet peptides that rapidly inactivate many microbes, including those responsible for most sexually transmitted bacterial infections. We will use solid-phase peptide synthesis and precise methods of antimicrobial testing to "fine tune" protegrins for future intravaginal application. Our intent is to develop protegrinlike peptides that do not affect vaginal lactobacilli (e.g., L. acidophilus and L. crispatus), but are highly active against C. albicans, STD bacteria, and the flora associated with bacterial vaginitis/vaginosis. We can obtain this constellation of properties by introducing one or two amino acid substitutions into protegrins with 15-18 residues and two intramolecular disulfide bonds. We plan to generate a relatively small number of additional protegrin variants and to test their activity against a panel of STD target organisms. Overall, these studies will facilitate the development of novel, peptidecontaining topical microbicides that are designed specifically for intravaginal use. Given the prevalence and serious consequences of STDs, topical microbicides that can protect and empower women are urgently needed. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, 3 4

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print.

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and type “acidophilus” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for acidophilus in the PubMed Central database: •

16S Ribosomal DNA Terminal Restriction Fragment Pattern Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Feces of Rats Fed Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. by Kaplan CW, Astaire JC, Sanders ME, Reddy BS, Kitts CL.; 2001 Apr; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=92815

•

Antagonistic Activity against Helicobacter Infection In Vitro and In Vivo by the Human Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain LB. by Coconnier MH, Lievin V, Hemery E, Servin AL.; 1998 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=106686

•

Antagonistic Activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LB against Intracellular Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infecting Human Enterocyte-Like Caco2/TC-7 Cells. by Coconnier MH, Lievin V, Lorrot M, Servin AL.; 2000 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=91956

•

Antibacterial effect of the adhering human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB. by Coconnier MH, Lievin V, Bernet-Camard MF, Hudault S, Servin AL.; 1997 May; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=163848

•

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Accumulation via 10-Hydroxy-12-Octadecaenoic Acid during Microaerobic Transformation of Linoleic Acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus. by Ogawa J, Matsumura K, Kishino S, Omura Y, Shimizu S.; 2001 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=92720

•

Deoxycytidine kinase and deoxyguanosine kinase of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 are colinear products of a single gene. by Ma N, Ikeda S, Guo S, Fieno A, Park I, Grimme S, Ikeda T, Ives DH.; 1996 Dec 10; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=26141

•

Efficient System for Directed Integration into the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri Chromosomes via Homologous Recombination. by Russell WM, Klaenhammer TR.; 2001 Sep; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=93172

•

Identification, cloning, and nucleotide sequence of a silent S-layer protein gene of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 which has extensive similarity with the S-layer protein gene of this species. by Boot HJ, Kolen CP, Pouwels PH.; 1995 Dec; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=177603

•

Isolation and characterization of acidocin A and cloning of the bacteriocin gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus. by Kanatani K, Oshimura M, Sano K.; 1995 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=167361

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Isolation, partial characterization, and mode of action of Acidocin J1132, a twocomponent bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1132. by Tahara T, Oshimura M, Umezawa C, Kanatani K.; 1996 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=167854

•

Lipoteichoic Acids from Lactobacillus johnsonii Strain La1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain La10 Antagonize the Responsiveness of Human Intestinal Epithelial HT29 Cells to Lipopolysaccharide and Gram-Negative Bacteria. by Vidal K, Donnet-Hughes A, Granato D.; 2002 Apr; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=127868

•

One Repeat of the Cell Wall Binding Domain Is Sufficient for Anchoring the Lactobacillus acidophilus Surface Layer Protein. by Smit E, Pouwels PH.; 2002 Aug; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=135259

•

The human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LA1 secretes a nonbacteriocin antibacterial substance(s) active in vitro and in vivo. by Bernet-Camard MF, Lievin V, Brassart D, Neeser JR, Servin AL, Hudault S.; 1997 Jul; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=168570

•

The Lactobacillus acidophilus S-layer protein gene expression site comprises two consensus promoter sequences, one of which directs transcription of stable mRNA. by Boot HJ, Kolen CP, Andreadaki FJ, Leer RJ, Pouwels PH.; 1996 Sep; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=178355

•

Use of a Continuous-Culture Biofilm System To Study the Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. by Muli F, Struthers JK.; 1998 Jun; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=105617

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with acidophilus, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “acidophilus” (or 6

PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for acidophilus (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

16S ribosomal DNA analysis of the faecal lactobacilli composition of human subjects consuming a probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Author(s): Sui J, Leighton S, Busta F, Brady L. Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2002; 93(5): 907-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12392540&dopt=Abstract

•

A case of Lactobacillus acidophilus endocarditis successfully treated with cefazolin and gentamicin. Author(s): Vogt HB, Hoffman WW. Source: S D J Med. 1998 May; 51(5): 153-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9613195&dopt=Abstract

•

A lyophilized and inactivated culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus increases Helicobacter pylori eradication rates. Author(s): Canducci F, Armuzzi A, Cremonini F, Cammarota G, Bartolozzi F, Pola P, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Source: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2000 December; 14(12): 1625-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121911&dopt=Abstract

•

A new screening method for the selection of Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria with high adhesion to human colonic mucosa. Author(s): Takahashi N, Saito T, Ohwada S, Ota H, Hashiba H, Itoh T. Source: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 1996 September; 60(9): 1434-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8987590&dopt=Abstract

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A polyphasic approach towards the identification of strains belonging to Lactobacillus acidophilus and related species. Author(s): Gancheva A, Pot B, Vanhonacker K, Hoste B, Kersters K. Source: Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 1999 December; 22(4): 573-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10794146&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 to treat lactose intolerance. Author(s): Saltzman JR, Russell RM, Golner B, Barakat S, Dallal GE, Goldin BR. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999 January; 69(1): 140-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9925136&dopt=Abstract

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A search for Lactobacillus acidophilus agglutinins in human saliva. Author(s): Hook WC. Source: Am J Med Technol. 1971 March; 37(3): 95-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4994541&dopt=Abstract

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A yeast-like infection of the esophagus caused by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): McManus JP, Webb JN. Source: Gastroenterology. 1975 March; 68(3): 583-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=803465&dopt=Abstract

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Acidic fraction of ribosomal proteins from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Grankowski N, Bytnar E. Source: Acta Microbiol Pol A. 1972; 4(1): 21-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4210772&dopt=Abstract

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Acidophilus for sertraline-induced diarrhea. Author(s): Kline MD, Koppes S. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 October; 151(10): 1521-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8092348&dopt=Abstract

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Acidophilus milk products: a review of potential benefits to consumers. Author(s): Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1989 October; 72(10): 2483-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2513349&dopt=Abstract

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Adhering heat-killed human Lactobacillus acidophilus, strain LB, inhibits the process of pathogenicity of diarrhoeagenic bacteria in cultured human intestinal cells. Author(s): Coconnier MH, Bernet MF, Chauviere G, Servin AL. Source: J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1993 December; 11(4): 235-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8188996&dopt=Abstract

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Adhesion of human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. Author(s): Chauviere G, Coconnier MH, Kerneis S, Fourniat J, Servin AL. Source: J Gen Microbiol. 1992 August; 138 ( Pt 8): 1689-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1527509&dopt=Abstract

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Alleviation of lactose malabsorption from sweet acidophilus milk. Author(s): McDonough FE, Wong NP, Hitchins A, Bodwell CE. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1985 August; 42(2): 345-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3927703&dopt=Abstract

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An audit of Gynatren (a Lactobacillus acidophilus lyophilisate) vaccination in women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Author(s): Pattman RS, Sankar KN, Watson PG, Wardropper AG. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 1994 July-August; 5(4): 299. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7948165&dopt=Abstract

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Antagonistic activity against Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo by the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB. Author(s): Coconnier MH, Lievin V, Hemery E, Servin AL. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1998 November; 64(11): 4573-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9797324&dopt=Abstract

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Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LB against intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infecting human enterocyte-like Caco-2/TC-7 cells. Author(s): Coconnier MH, Lievin V, Lorrot M, Servin AL. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2000 March; 66(3): 1152-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10698785&dopt=Abstract

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Antibacterial effect of the adhering human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB. Author(s): Coconnier MH, Lievin V, Bernet-Camard MF, Hudault S, Servin AL. Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1997 May; 41(5): 1046-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9145867&dopt=Abstract

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Anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, and antagonistic activities of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Mital BK, Garg SK. Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 1995; 21(3): 175-214. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8845062&dopt=Abstract

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Antimicrobial protein produced by vaginal Lactobacillus acidophilus that inhibits Gardnerella vaginalis. Author(s): Aroutcheva AA, Simoes JA, Faro S. Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001; 9(1): 33-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11368257&dopt=Abstract

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Bile salt hydrolase activity of three strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Corzo G, Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1999 March; 82(3): 472-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10194664&dopt=Abstract

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Biomodulation of the toxic and nutritional effects of small bowel bacterial overgrowth in end-stage kidney disease using freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Simenhoff ML, Dunn SR, Zollner GP, Fitzpatrick ME, Emery SM, Sandine WE, Ayres JW. Source: Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism. 1996; 22(1-3): 92-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8676836&dopt=Abstract

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Characterization of natural isolate Lactobacillus acidophilus BGRA43 useful for acidophilus milk production. Author(s): Banina A, Vukasinovic M, Brankovic S, Fira D, Kojic M, Topisirovic L. Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 1998 April; 84(4): 593-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9633657&dopt=Abstract

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Characterization of the Lactobacillus casei group and the Lactobacillus acidophilus group by automated ribotyping. Author(s): Ryu CS, Czajka JW, Sakamoto M, Benno Y. Source: Microbiol Immunol. 2001; 45(4): 271-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11386416&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical evaluation of the addition of lyophilized, heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB to oral rehydration therapy in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Author(s): Simakachorn N, Pichaipat V, Rithipornpaisarn P, Kongkaew C, Tongpradit P, Varavithya W. Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2000 January; 30(1): 68-72. Erratum In: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000 February; 30(2): 228. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10630442&dopt=Abstract

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Colonization of a human intestine by four different genotypes of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Sarra PG, Dellaglio F. Source: Microbiologica. 1984 October; 7(4): 331-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6439978&dopt=Abstract

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Comparisons of freshly isolated strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus of human intestinal origin for ability to assimilate cholesterol during growth. Author(s): Buck LM, Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1994 October; 77(10): 2925-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7836579&dopt=Abstract

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Composition of the Lactobacillus acidophilus complex isolated from vaginal flora. Author(s): Lachlak N, Ageron E, Zampatti O, Michel G, Grimont PA. Source: New Microbiol. 1996 April; 19(2): 123-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8722308&dopt=Abstract

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Deoxycytidine kinase and deoxyguanosine kinase of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 are colinear products of a single gene. Author(s): Ma N, Ikeda S, Guo S, Fieno A, Park I, Grimme S, Ikeda T, Ives DH. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1996 December 10; 93(25): 14385-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8962060&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in feces of humans, pigs, and chickens. Author(s): Gilliland SE, Speck ML, Morgan CG. Source: Appl Microbiol. 1975 October; 30(4): 541-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=811162&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in an isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Klaenhammer TR, Sutherland SM. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1980 March; 39(3): 671-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6770759&dopt=Abstract

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Development of a chromosome-plasmid balanced lethal system for Lactobacillus acidophilus with thyA gene as selective marker. Author(s): Fu X, Xu JG. Source: Microbiol Immunol. 2000; 44(7): 551-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10981827&dopt=Abstract

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Digestion and tolerance of lactose from yoghurt and different semi-solid fermented dairy products containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria in lactose maldigesters--is bacterial lactase important? Author(s): Vesa TH, Marteau P, Zidi S, Briet F, Pochart P, Rambaud JC. Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1996 November; 50(11): 730-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8933119&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of administration of milk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-2 on fecal mutagenicity and microflora in the human intestine. Author(s): Hosoda M, Hashimoto H, He F, Morita H, Hosono A. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1996 May; 79(5): 745-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8792276&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on gut mucosa and peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Author(s): De Simone C, Ciardi A, Grassi A, Lambert Gardini S, Tzantzoglou S, Trinchieri V, Moretti S, Jirillo E. Source: Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 1992; 14(1-2): 331-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1597660&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of chronic ingestion of a fermented dairy product containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on metabolic activities of the colonic flora in humans. Author(s): Marteau P, Pochart P, Flourie B, Pellier P, Santos L, Desjeux JF, Rambaud JC. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1990 October; 52(4): 685-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2119557&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of feeding of acidophilus milk on intestinal lactobacilli and other gut microorganisms and on bile salt metabolism. Preliminary study. Author(s): Paul D, Stanley MM. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1970 September; 18(9): 755-63. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4993204&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 on serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans. Author(s): Anderson JW, Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 1999 February; 18(1): 43-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10067658&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium bifidum on rectal cell kinetics and fecal pH. Author(s): Biasco G, Paganelli GM, Brandi G, Brillanti S, Lami F, Callegari C, Gizzi G. Source: Ital J Gastroenterol. 1991 March-April; 23(3): 142. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1742509&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal morbidity: a prospective randomized trial. Author(s): Witsell DL, Garrett CG, Yarbrough WG, Dorrestein SP, Drake AF, Weissler MC. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1995 August; 24(4): 230-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8551535&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of milks inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus or a yogurt starter culture in lactose-maldigesting children. Author(s): Montes RG, Bayless TM, Saavedra JM, Perman JA. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1995 August; 78(8): 1657-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8786251&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of whey-based culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus (johnsonii) La1 on Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. Author(s): Michetti P, Dorta G, Wiesel PH, Brassart D, Verdu E, Herranz M, Felley C, Porta N, Rouvet M, Blum AL, Corthesy-Theulaz I. Source: Digestion. 1999; 60(3): 203-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10343133&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of a milk product, fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and with fructooligosaccharides added, on blood lipids in male volunteers. Author(s): Schaafsma G, Meuling WJ, van Dokkum W, Bouley C. Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998 June; 52(6): 436-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9683397&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of Cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate on the adherence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, and Lactobacillus acidophilus to vaginal epithelial cells. Author(s): Catalanotti P, Rossano F, de Paolis P, Baroni A, Buttini G, Tufano MA. Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1994 November-December; 21(6): 338-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7871448&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of lactulose and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the fecal flora. Author(s): Conn HO, Floch MH. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1970 December; 23(12): 1588-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4991525&dopt=Abstract

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Electrotransformation of lactobacillus acidophilus group A1. Author(s): Walker DC, Aoyama K, Klaenhammer TR. Source: Fems Microbiology Letters. 1996 May 1; 138(2-3): 233-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9026452&dopt=Abstract

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Enterotoxigenic intestinal bacteria in tropical sprue. IV. Effect of linoleic acid on growth interrelationships of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Author(s): Mickelson MJ, Klipstein FA. Source: Infection and Immunity. 1975 November; 12(5): 1121-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=811564&dopt=Abstract

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Factors to consider when selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans. Author(s): Gilliland SE, Walker DK. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1990 April; 73(4): 905-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2111831&dopt=Abstract

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Fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus modify bowel function and protein catabolites excreted by healthy humans. Author(s): Swanson KS, Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, Bauer LL, Wolf BW, Chow J, Garleb KA, Williams JA, Fahey GC Jr. Source: The Journal of Nutrition. 2002 October; 132(10): 3042-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12368393&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic heterogeneity among Lactobacillus acidophilus strains. Author(s): Sarra PG, Magri M, Bottazzi V, Dellaglio F. Source: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1980; 46(2): 169-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6776893&dopt=Abstract

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Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits adhesion of Escherichia coli B41 to HeLa cells. Author(s): Fourniat J, Colomban C, Linxe C, Karam D. Source: Ann Rech Vet. 1992; 23(4): 361-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1476406&dopt=Abstract

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Hemagglutination activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria. Author(s): Yamada M, Saito T, Toba T, Kitazawa H, Uemura J, Itoh T. Source: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 1994 May; 58(5): 910-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7517228&dopt=Abstract

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Identification, cloning, and nucleotide sequence of a silent S-layer protein gene of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 which has extensive similarity with the S-layer protein gene of this species. Author(s): Boot HJ, Kolen CP, Pouwels PH. Source: Journal of Bacteriology. 1995 December; 177(24): 7222-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8522531&dopt=Abstract

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Immune and clinical impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on asthma. Author(s): Wheeler JG, Shema SJ, Bogle ML, Shirrell MA, Burks AW, Pittler A, Helm RM. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1997 September; 79(3): 229-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9305229&dopt=Abstract

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Impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the normal intestinal microflora after administration of two antimicrobial agents. Author(s): Lidbeck A, Edlund C, Gustafsson JA, Kager L, Nord CE. Source: Infection. 1988; 16(6): 329-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3146551&dopt=Abstract

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Impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on the human oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora. Author(s): Lidbeck A, Gustafsson JA, Nord CE. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1987; 19(5): 531-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3122316&dopt=Abstract

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Improvement of lactose digestion by humans following ingestion of unfermented acidophilus milk: influence of bile sensitivity, lactose transport, and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Mustapha A, Jiang T, Savaiano DA. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1997 August; 80(8): 1537-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9276791&dopt=Abstract

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In vitro lactose fermentation by human colonic bacteria is modified by Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation. Author(s): Jiang T, Savaiano DA. Source: The Journal of Nutrition. 1997 August; 127(8): 1489-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9237942&dopt=Abstract

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Inability of Lactobacillus casei strain GG, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum to degrade intestinal mucus glycoproteins. Author(s): Ruseler-van Embden JG, van Lieshout LM, Gosselink MJ, Marteau P. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1995 July; 30(7): 675-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7481531&dopt=Abstract

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Influence of a synbiotic mixture consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 and a fructooligosaccharide preparation on the microbial ecology sustained in a simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME reactor). Author(s): Gmeiner M, Kneifel W, Kulbe KD, Wouters R, De Boever P, Nollet L, Verstraete W. Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2000 February; 53(2): 219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10709985&dopt=Abstract

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Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus as prophylaxis for candidal vaginitis. Author(s): Hilton E, Isenberg HD, Alperstein P, France K, Borenstein MT. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1992 March 1; 116(5): 353-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1736766&dopt=Abstract

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Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as prophylaxis for recurrent candidal vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. Author(s): Shalev E, Battino S, Weiner E, Colodner R, Keness Y. Source: Archives of Family Medicine. 1996 November-December; 5(10): 593-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8930233&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibition of adhesion of enteroinvasive pathogens to human intestinal Caco-2 cells by Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB decreases bacterial invasion. Author(s): Coconnier MH, Bernet MF, Kerneis S, Chauviere G, Fourniat J, Servin AL. Source: Fems Microbiology Letters. 1993 July 1; 110(3): 299-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8354463&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibition of Candida albicans by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Collins EB, Hardt P. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1980 May; 63(5): 830-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6771309&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibition of Candida albicans by Lactobacillus acidophilus: evidence for the involvement of a peroxidase system. Author(s): Fitzsimmons N, Berry DR. Source: Microbios. 1994; 80(323): 125-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7898374&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer patients: in vitro study. Author(s): Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Tumwasorn S, Nunthapisud P, Kullavanijaya P. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2002 June; 85 Suppl 1: S79-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12188456&dopt=Abstract

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Interference in initial adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria and yeasts to silicone rubber by a Lactobacillus acidophilus biosurfactant. Author(s): Velraeds MM, van de Belt-Gritter B, van der Mei HC, Reid G, Busscher HJ. Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology. 1998 December; 47(12): 1081-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9856644&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus (enpac) in treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Author(s): Read AE, McCarthy CF, Heaton KW, Laidlaw J. Source: British Medical Journal. 1966 May 21; 5498: 1267-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4957275&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain LB) from the resident adult human gastrointestinal microflora exerts activity against brush border damage promoted by a diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in human enterocyte-like cells. Author(s): Lievin-Le Moal V, Amsellem R, Servin AL, Coconnier MH. Source: Gut. 2002 June; 50(6): 803-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12010882&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus administration added to omeprazole/amoxycillin-based double therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Author(s): De Francesco V, Stoppino V, Sgarro C, Faleo D. Source: Dig Liver Dis. 2000 November; 32(8): 746-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11142590&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct for milk to aid lactose digestion in humans. Author(s): Kim HS, Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1983 May; 66(5): 959-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6409948&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus endocarditis after an appendectomy. Author(s): Bessis D, Le Quellec A, Sotto A, Perez C, Ciurana AJ. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1995 March; 20(3): 724-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7756510&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits growth of Campylobacter pylori in vitro. Author(s): Bhatia SJ, Kochar N, Abraham P, Nair NG, Mehta AP. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1989 October; 27(10): 2328-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2511224&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria. Author(s): Bernet MF, Brassart D, Neeser JR, Servin AL. Source: Gut. 1994 April; 35(4): 483-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8174985&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus peritonitis in CAPD. Author(s): Schleifer CR, Benz RL, McAlack R, Poupard J, Calmon J. Source: Perit Dial Int. 1989; 9(3): 222-3. No Abstract Available. Erratum In: Perit Dial Int 1990; 10(1): 117. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2518697&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus sepsis in a neonate. Author(s): Thompson C, McCarter YS, Krause PJ, Herson VC. Source: Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association. 2001 June; 21(4): 258-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11533845&dopt=Abstract

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Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus F19 prevent antibiotic-associated ecological disturbances of Bacteroides fragilis in the intestine. Author(s): Sullivan A, Barkholt L, Nord CE. Source: The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2003 August; 52(2): 308-11. Epub 2003 July 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12865387&dopt=Abstract

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Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals. Author(s): Savaiano DA, AbouElAnouar A, Smith DE, Levitt MD. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1984 December; 40(6): 1219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6439026&dopt=Abstract

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Lectin-like activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain JCM 1026. Author(s): Mukai T, Arihara K, Itoh H. Source: Fems Microbiology Letters. 1992 November 1; 77(1-3): 71-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1459421&dopt=Abstract

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Lipoteichoic acids from Lactobacillus johnsonii strain La1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La10 antagonize the responsiveness of human intestinal epithelial HT29 cells to lipopolysaccharide and gram-negative bacteria. Author(s): Vidal K, Donnet-Hughes A, Granato D. Source: Infection and Immunity. 2002 April; 70(4): 2057-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11895971&dopt=Abstract

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Microencapsulation of L. acidophilus (La-05) and B. lactis (Bb-12) and evaluation of their survival at the pH values of the stomach and in bile. Author(s): Favaro-Trindade CS, Grosso CR. Source: Journal of Microencapsulation. 2002 July-August; 19(4): 485-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12396385&dopt=Abstract

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Modification of sweet acidophilus milk to improve utilization by lactose-intolerant persons. Author(s): McDonough FE, Hitchins AD, Wong NP, Wells P, Bodwell CE. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1987 March; 45(3): 570-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3103415&dopt=Abstract

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New binding assay and preparative trial of cell-surface lectin from Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria. Author(s): Matsumura A, Saito T, Arakuni M, Kitazawa H, Kawai Y, Itoh T. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1999 December; 82(12): 2525-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10629796&dopt=Abstract

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Preservation of intestinal integrity during radiotherapy using live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. Author(s): Salminen E, Elomaa I, Minkkinen J, Vapaatalo H, Salminen S. Source: Clinical Radiology. 1988 July; 39(4): 435-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3141101&dopt=Abstract

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Production of free conjugated linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei of human intestinal origin. Author(s): Alonso L, Cuesta EP, Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 2003 June; 86(6): 1941-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12836928&dopt=Abstract

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Protein-mediated adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 on human enterocyte and mucus-secreting cell lines in culture. Author(s): Coconnier MH, Klaenhammer TR, Kerneis S, Bernet MF, Servin AL. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1992 June; 58(6): 2034-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1622282&dopt=Abstract

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Purification and characterization of an arylamine N-acetyltransferase from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Chen GW, Hung CF, Chang SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. Source: Microbios. 1999; 98(391): 159-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10464952&dopt=Abstract

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Rapid detection method for bacteriocin and distribution of bacteriocin-producing strains in Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria isolated from human feces. Author(s): Kawai Y, Saito T, Uemura J, Itoh T. Source: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 1997 January; 61(1): 179-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9028050&dopt=Abstract

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Relationship between bile tolerance and the presence of a ruthenium red staining layer on strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Overdahl BJ, Zottola EA. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1991 April; 74(4): 1196-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1713599&dopt=Abstract

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Relative efficiency of yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, hydrolyzed-lactose milk, and a commercial lactase tablet in alleviating lactose maldigestion. Author(s): Onwulata CI, Rao DR, Vankineni P. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1989 June; 49(6): 1233-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2499174&dopt=Abstract

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Response of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and lactase deficiency using unfermented acidophilus milk. Author(s): Newcomer AD, Park HS, O'Brien PC, McGill DB. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1983 August; 38(2): 257-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6410897&dopt=Abstract

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Safety assessment of potential probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lb. acidophilus HN017, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 in BALB/c mice. Author(s): Zhou JS, Shu Q, Rutherfurd KJ, Prasad J, Birtles MJ, Gopal PK, Gill HS. Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2000 May 25; 56(1): 87-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10857928&dopt=Abstract

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Selected nutrient intakes and blood serum mineral concentrations of elderly humans fed regular and sweet acidophilus milks. Author(s): Rojhani A, Kies CV. Source: J Nutr Elder. 1994; 13(3): 35-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7830220&dopt=Abstract

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Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in ice cream for use as a probiotic food. Author(s): Hekmat S, McMahon DJ. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1992 June; 75(6): 1415-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1500547&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration upon the survival of Salmonella in randomly selected human carriers. Author(s): Alm L. Source: Prog Food Nutr Sci. 1983; 7(3-4): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6419279&dopt=Abstract

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The growth of Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus in Sorbarod biofilms. Author(s): Muli FW, Struthers JK. Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology. 1998 May; 47(5): 401-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9879940&dopt=Abstract

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The human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LA1 secretes a nonbacteriocin antibacterial substance(s) active in vitro and in vivo. Author(s): Bernet-Camard MF, Lievin V, Brassart D, Neeser JR, Servin AL, Hudault S. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1997 July; 63(7): 2747-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9212421&dopt=Abstract

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The interaction of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Author(s): McGrory T, Meysick K, Lemchuk-Favel LT, Garber GE. Source: J Parasitol. 1994 February; 80(1): 50-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8308658&dopt=Abstract

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Thrush bowel infection: existence, incidence, prevention and treatment, particularly by a Lactobacillus acidophilus preparation. Author(s): Alexander JG. Source: Curr Med Drugs. 1967 December; 8(4): 3-11. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4980517&dopt=Abstract

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Transmission of Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus acidophilus from mother to child at time of delivery. Author(s): Carlsson J, Gothefors L. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1975 February; 1(2): 124-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=809467&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of oral ulcerations with Bacid (Lactobacillus acidophilus). Author(s): Gertenrich RL, Hart RW. Source: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970 August; 30(2): 196-200. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4988795&dopt=Abstract

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Use of the DNA sequence of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene for rapid and accurate identification of bacteria in the Lactobacillus acidophilus complex. Author(s): Kullen MJ, Sanozky-Dawes RB, Crowell DC, Klaenhammer TR. Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2000 September; 89(3): 511-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11021584&dopt=Abstract

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Variable response to exogenous Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM consumed in different delivery vehicles. Author(s): Varcoe J, Zook C, Sui J, Leighton S, Busta F, Brady L. Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2002; 93(5): 900-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12392539&dopt=Abstract

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Viricidal effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on human immunodeficiency virus type 1: possible role in heterosexual transmission. Author(s): Klebanoff SJ, Coombs RW. Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1991 July 1; 174(1): 289-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1647436&dopt=Abstract

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Yoghurt enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus does not lower blood lipids in healthy men and women with normal to borderline high serum cholesterol levels. Author(s): de Roos NM, Schouten G, Katan MB. Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999 April; 53(4): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10334653&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACIDOPHILUS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and acidophilus.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Acidophilus The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “acidophilus” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

26 Acidophilus

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “acidophilus” (or a synonym): •

Absorption of immunoglobulins from dried and freeze-dried cows colostrum supplemented with bioactive compounds. Author(s): Akademia Rolnicza, Wroclaw (Poland) Source: Szulc, T. Zachwieja, A. Dobicki, A. Kucera, J. Acta-Universitatis-Agriculturae-etSilviculturae-Mendelianae-Brunensis (Czech Republic). (2001). volume 49(5) page 17-23.

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Isolation and partial characterization of an antibacterial substance produced by Enterococcus faecium. Author(s): University of Sofia (Bulgaria). Dept. of Microbiology Source: Pantev, A. Kabadjova, P. Ivanova, I. Dalgalarrondo, M. Haertle, T. Dousset, X. Prevost, H. Chobert, J. M. Folia-Microbiologica (Czech Republic). (August 2002). volume 47(4) page 391-400.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus M92 as potential probiotic strain. Author(s): University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Dept. of Biochemical Engineering Source: Suskovic, J. Brkic, B. Matosic, S. Maric, V. Milchwissenschaft (Germany). (1997). volume 52(8) page 430-435.

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Living it up for dinner. Author(s): Yakult UK, 12-16 Telford Way, Westway Estate, Acton, London, W3 7XS (United Kingdom) Source: Shortt, C. Chemistry-and-Industry,-London (United Kingdom). (1998). (no.) page 300-303.

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Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? Author(s): Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY (United Kingdom) Source: Macfarlane, G.T. Cummings, J.H. British-Medical-Journal-Clinical-Researchedition (United Kingdom). (1999). volume 318(7189) page 999-1003.

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Probiotics and product innovation. Author(s): Nestle UK Ltd, London (United Kingdom) Source: Richardson, D. Nutrition-and-Food-Science (United Kingdom). (1996). (no.) page 27-33.

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Role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of short bowel syndrome-associated D-lactic acidemia. Author(s): Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Nijmegen Sint Radboud, Nijmegen (Netherlands) Source: Bongaerts, G.P.A. Tolboom, J.J.M. Naber, A.H.J. Sperl, W.J.K. Severijnen, R.S.V.M. Bakkeren, J.A.J.M. Willems, J.L. Microbial-Pathogenesis (United Kingdom). (1997). volume 22(5) page 285-293.

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Starter cultures employed in the manufacture of biofermented milks. Author(s): University of Huddersfield, School of Applied Sciences, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH (United Kingdom) Source: Marshall, V.M. Tamime, A.Y. International-Journal-of-Dairy-Technology (United Kingdom). (1997). volume 50(1) page 35-41.

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Survival of probiotic bacteria in South African commercial bio-yogurt. Author(s): Free State Univ., Bloemfontein (South Africa). Microbiology and Biochemistry Dept.

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Source: Lourens Hattingh, A. Viljoen, B.C. South-African-Journal-of-Science (South Africa). (May/June 2002). volume 98(5/6) page 298-300. •

The role of milk in human health: an Australian perspective. Source: Towers, P.A. Harden, T.J. Nichol, A.W. Halley, S. Nutrition-today (USA). (October 1997). volume 32(5) page 219-225.

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Verification of hypocholesterolemic effect of fermented milk on human subjects with different cholesterol levels. Author(s): Gujarat Agricultural Univ., Anand (India). Dairy Microbiology Dept. Source: Ashar, M.N. Prajapati, J.B. Folia-Microbiologica (Czech Republic). (June 2000). volume 45(3) page 263-268.

Additional physician-oriented references include: •

16S ribosomal DNA analysis of the faecal lactobacilli composition of human subjects consuming a probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Author(s): Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA. Source: Sui, J Leighton, S Busta, F Brady, L J-Appl-Microbiol. 2002; 93(5): 907-12 13645072

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Acidophilus milk as therapy in gastrointestinal disorders. Acidophilus-Milch zur Therapie bei gastrointestinalen Storungen. Source: Alm, L. Nahrung-Food. Berlin, E. Ger. : Akademie-Verlag. 1984. volume 28 (6/7) page 683-684. 0027-769X

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An electron microscopic study of the adherence of Lactobacillus acidophilus to human intestinal cells in vitro. Source: Hood, S.K. Zottola, E.A. Food-Microstruct. Chicago, Ill. : Scanning Microscopy International. 1989. volume 8 (1) page 91-97. ill. 0730-5419

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Antibacterial activity of human strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus grown in milk against selected pathogenic and spoilage type bacteria. Source: Khedkar, C.D. Dave, J.M. Sannabhadti, S.S. Sheth, M.C. Cult-Dairy-Prod-J. Washington, D.C. : American Cultured Dairy Products Institute. November 1990. volume 25 (4) page 29-31. 0045-9259

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Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various Lactobacillus acidophilus strains. Author(s): Department of Food Science & Technology, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agric. & Technol., Pantnagar, India. Source: Gupta, P K Mital, B K Gupta, R S Indian-J-Exp-Biol. 1995 August; 33(8): 620-1 0019-5189

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Anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, and antagonistic activities of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Department of Food Science and Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Nainital, India. Source: Mital, B K Garg, S K Crit-Rev-Microbiol. 1995; 21(3): 175-214 1040-841X

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Bile salt deconjugation activity of cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the intestines. Source: Walker, D.K. Gilliland, S.E. Misc-Publ-Agric-Exp-Stn-Okla-State-Univolume Stillwater, Okla. : The Station. June 1989. (127) page 263-265. 0471-4091

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Characterization of the protein-synthesis dependent adaptive acid tolerance response in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, CONICET, Tucuman, Argentina. [email protected] Source: Lorca, G L Font de Valdez, G Ljungh, A J-Mol-Microbiol-Biotechnol. 2002 November; 4(6): 525-32 1464-1801

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Cholesterol uptake by culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus used for nonfermented acidophilus milk. Source: Gilliland, S.E. Walker, D.K. Misc-Publ-Agric-Exp-Stn-Okla-State-Univolume Stillwater, Okla. : The Station. June 1989. (127) page 258-262. 0471-4091

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Composition of the Lactobacillus acidophilus complex isolated from vaginal flora. Author(s): Laboratoire de Bacteriologie et Virologie, Universite Paul Sabatier, Faculte de Pharmacie, Toulouse. Source: Lachlak, N Ageron, E Zampatti, O Michel, G Grimont, P A New-Microbiol. 1996 April; 19(2): 123-32 1121-7138

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Depression in hepatic 'glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase' linked NADP+ reduction in rats fed with cow milk, dahi and acidophilus milk. Source: Chawla, K. Kansal, V.K. Milchwissenschaft-Milk-Sci-Int. Munchen. W. Ger. : Volkswirtschaftlicher Verlag. Sept 1983. volume 38 (9) page 536-537. 0026-3788

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Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal morbidity: a prospective randomized trial. Author(s): Vanderbilt Voice and Balance Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Source: Witsell, D L Garrett, C G Yarbrough, W G Dorrestein, S P Drake, A F Weissler, M C J-Otolaryngol. 1995 August; 24(4): 230-3 0381-6605

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Effects of Cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate on the adherence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, and Lactobacillus acidophilus to vaginal epithelial cells. Author(s): Istituto di Microbiologia, Cattedra di Microbiologia Clinica, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Universita degli Studi, Naples, Italy. Source: Catalanotti, P Rossano, F de Paolis, P Baroni, A Buttini, G Tufano, M A SexTransm-Dis. 1994 Nov-December; 21(6): 338-44 0148-5717

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Effects of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin on physicochemical surface properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Laboratory for Materia Technica, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Source: Cuperus, P L Van der Mei, H C Reid, G Bruce, A W Khoury, A E van der Kuijl Booij, M Noordmans, J Busscher, H J Microbios. 1995; 82(330): 49-67 0026-2633

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Evidence for the involvement of thiocyanate in the inhibition of Candida albicans by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Source: Jack, M. Wood, B.J.B. Berry, D.R. Microbios. Cambridge : Faculty Press. 1990. volume 62 (250) page 37-46. ill. 0026-2633

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Frequency and occurrence of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the gut of the pig, as indicated by its presence in the faeces. Author(s): Department of Microbiology, University of Pretoria. Source: von Aulock, M H Holzapfel, W H Onderstepoort-J-Vet-Res. 1987 December; 54(4): 581-3 0030-2465

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Fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus modify bowel function and protein catabolites excreted by healthy humans. Author(s): Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA. Source: Swanson, K S Grieshop, C M Flickinger, E A Bauer, L L Wolf, B W Chow, J Garleb, K A Williams, J A Fahey, G C Jr J-Nutr. 2002 October; 132(10): 3042-50 0022-3166

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Identification of the pH-inducible, proton-translocating F1F0-ATPase (atpBEFHAGDC) operon of Lactobacillus acidophilus by differential display: gene structure, cloning and characterization. Source: Kullen, M.J. Klaenhammer, T.R. Mol-microbiol. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,. Sept 1999. volume 33 (6) page 1152-1161. 0950-382X

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Immunostimulatory actions of Lactobacilli: mitogenic induction of antibody production and spleen cell proliferation by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Source: Easo, J.G. Measham, J.D. Munroe, J. Green Johnson, J.M. Food-agric-immunol. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, U.K. : Carfax Pub. Co., c1989-. March 2002. volume 14 (1) page 73-83. 0954-0105

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Influence of a synbiotic mixture consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 and a fructooligosaccharide preparation on the microbial ecology sustained in a simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME reactor). Author(s): Department of Dairy Research and Bacteriology, University of Agriculture, Vienna, Austria. Source: Gmeiner, M Kneifel, W Kulbe, K D Wouters, R De Boever, P Nollet, L Verstraete, W Appl-Microbiol-Biotechnol. 2000 February; 53(2): 219-23 0175-7598

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Influence of bile salts on beta-galactosidase activity and cellular integrity of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Source: Gilliland, S.E. Noh, D.O. Misc-Publ-Agric-Exp-Stn-Okla-State-Univolume Stillwater, Okla. : The Station. June 1989. (127) page 257. 0471-4091

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Influence of different factors on activity and stability of beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Source: Gupta, P.K. Mital, B.K. Garg, S.K. Mishra, D.P. J-food-biochem. Trumbull, Conn. : Food and Nutrition Press. 1994. volume 18 (1) page 55-65. 0145-8884

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Isolation and characterization of two bacteriocins of Lactobacillus acidophilus LF221. Source: Bogovic Matijasic, B. Rogelj, I. Nes, I.F. Holo, H. Appl-microbiol-biotechnol. Berlin, Germany : Springer Verlag. May 1998. volume 49 (5) page 606-612. 0175-7598

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Microencapsulation of L. acidophilus (La-05) and B. lactis (Bb-12) and evaluation of their survival at the pH values of the stomach and in bile. Author(s): Department of Food Technolog, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Source: Favaro Trindade, C S Grosso, C R J-Microencapsul. 2002 Jul-August; 19(4): 48594 0265-2048

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Nutritional & therapeutic aspects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in dairy products. Source: Welch, C. Cult-Dairy-Prod-J. Washington, D.C. : American Cultured Dairy Products Institute. May 1987. volume 22 (2) page 23-24, 26. 0045-9259

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Nutritional and therapeutic benefits of a blended-spray dried acidophilus preparation. Source: Prajapati, J.B. Shah, R.K. Dave, J.M. Cult-Dairy-Prod-J. Washington, D.C. : American Cultured Dairy Products Institute. May 1986. volume 21 (2) page 16-17, 20-21. 0045-9259

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Prevention of colonic preneoplastic lesions by the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFMTM in F344 rats. Author(s): Chemoprevention Program, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. Source: Rao, C V Sanders, M E Indranie, C Simi, B Reddy, B S Int-J-Oncol. 1999 May; 14(5): 939-44 1019-6439

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Prevention of gastrointestinal infection using immunobiological methods with milk fermented with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Source: Perdigon, G. Nader de Macias, M.E. Alvarez, S. Oliver, G. Pesce de Ruiz Holgado, A.A. J-Dairy-Res. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. May 1990. volume 57 (2) page 255-264. 0022-0299

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Production of bacteriocins by strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus from different animal origins. Source: Kim, S.H. Gilliland, S.E. Res-rep-P. Stillwater, Okla. : Agriculture Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University. November 1993. (P-933) page 95-99. 0361-5804

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Reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with enteral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis to neonates in an intensive care unit. Author(s): Children University Hospital Lorencita Villegas and Professor of Pediatrics, Universidad el Bosque, Bogota, Colombia. [email protected] Source: Hoyos, A B Int-J-Infect-Dis. 1999 Summer; 3(4): 197-202 1201-9712

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Selection of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains for use in “acidophilus products”. Author(s): Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071. Source: Johnson, M C Ray, B Bhowmik, T Antonie-Van-Leeuwenhoek. 1987; 53(4): 21531 0003-6072

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Special report on acidophilus milk: sorting out the truth behind the health claims. Source: Environ-Nutr. New York : Environmental Nutrition, Inc. April 1987. volume 10 (4) page 6-7. 0195-4024

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Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. Author(s): Centre for Advanced Food Research, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Australia. [email protected] Source: Kailasapathy, K Chin, J Immunol-Cell-Biol. 2000 February; 78(1): 80-8 0818-9641

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Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus in fermented products. Source: Robinson, R.K. S-Afr-J-Dairy-SCi-Suid-Afr-Tydskr-Suiwelkunde. Verwoerdburg : South African Society of Dairy Technology. March 1987. volume 19 (1) page 25-27. 0379-6027

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Sweet acidophilus milk. Source: Kroger, M. Nutr-Forum. Philadelphia, Pa. : George F. Stickley Company. Sept 1986. volume 3 (9) page 72. 0748-8165

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The bactericidal effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, garcinol and Protykin compared to clarithromycin, on Helicobacter pylori. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University Health Sciences Center, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. [email protected] Source: Chatterjee, A Yasmin, T Bagchi, D Stohs, S J Mol-Cell-Biochem. 2003 January; 243(1-2): 29-35 0300-8177

Nutrition

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Variable response to exogenous Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM consumed in different delivery vehicles. Author(s): Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6099, USA. [email protected] Source: Varcoe, J Zook, C Sui, J Leighton, S Busta, F Brady, L J-Appl-Microbiol. 2002; 93(5): 900-6 1364-5072

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What do you say when.? What do you say when consumers ask you about acidophilus milk. Source: Loughlin, K. Can-Home-Econ-J. Ottawa : Canadian Home Economics Association. Summer 1990. volume 40 (3) page 146. 0008-3763

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

•

Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

The following is a specific Web list relating to acidophilus; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

Food and Diet Crème Fraîche Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Kefir Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Lhassi Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Milk Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Milk Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_view/0,1523,95,00.html Yogurt Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Yogurt Cheese Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACIDOPHILUS Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to acidophilus. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to acidophilus and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “acidophilus” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to acidophilus: •

A probiotic strain of L. acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Author(s): McIntosh GH, Royle PJ, Playne MJ. Source: Nutrition and Cancer. 1999; 35(2): 153-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10693169&dopt=Abstract

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A routine determination of the optically active isomers of lactic acid for bacterial classification. Author(s): CATO EP, MOORE WE. Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 1965 April; 11: 319-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14323043&dopt=Abstract

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Adherence of probiotic bacteria to human intestinal mucus in healthy infants and during rotavirus infection. Author(s): Juntunen M, Kirjavainen PV, Ouwehand AC, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E.

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Source: Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2001 March; 8(2): 293-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11238211&dopt=Abstract •

Alteration in bacterial morphology by optochin and quinine hydrochlorides. Author(s): Kreger AS, Swartzendruber DC, Olsen RH. Source: Journal of Bacteriology. 1969 January; 97(1): 362-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4974397&dopt=Abstract

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Antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii and Escherichia coli combinations against experimental infections with Shigella flexneri and Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice. Author(s): Filho-Lima JV, Vieira EC, Nicoli JR. Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2000 March; 88(3): 365-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10747216&dopt=Abstract

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Anti-carcinogenicity of probiotics and prebiotics. Author(s): Burns AJ, Rowland IR. Source: Curr Issues Intest Microbiol. 2000 March; 1(1): 13-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11709850&dopt=Abstract

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Bacteremic infection with Pediococcus: vancomycin-resistant opportunist. Author(s): Barton LL, Rider ED, Coen RW. Source: Pediatrics. 2001 April; 107(4): 775-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11335758&dopt=Abstract

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Bengt E. Gustafsson memorial lecture. Function of the normal human microflora. Author(s): Gorbach SL. Source: Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1986; 49: 17-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3103209&dopt=Abstract

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Biotherapeutic agents in the treatment of infectious diarrhea. Author(s): Elmer GW, McFarland LV. Source: Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2001 September; 30(3): 837-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11586560&dopt=Abstract

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Changing patterns in the dairy industry. Author(s): McBean LD, Alcantara EN, Speckmann EW. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1986; 222: 815-61. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3097661&dopt=Abstract

Alternative Medicine 35

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Characterisation and selection of a Lactobacillus species to re-colonise the vagina of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Author(s): McLean NW, Rosenstein IJ. Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2000 June; 49(6): 543-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10847208&dopt=Abstract

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Characterization of an intracellular oligopeptidase from Lactobacillus paracasei. Author(s): Tobiassen RO, Sorhaug T, Stepaniak L. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1997 April; 63(4): 1284-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9097425&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of lactobacilli and their interaction with clostridia in human gastrointestinal tracts and in vitro. Author(s): Chung KT, Kuo CT, Chang FJ. Source: Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1989 August; 22(3): 163-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2558007&dopt=Abstract

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Ecology of accelerated natural lactic fermentation of sorghum-based infant food formulas. Author(s): Nout MJ. Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology. 1991 February; 12(2-3): 217-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2049286&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Author(s): Agerholm-Larsen L, Raben A, Haulrik N, Hansen AS, Manders M, Astrup A. Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000 April; 54(4): 288-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10745279&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on human fecal bacterial enzymes. Author(s): Goldin BR, Swenson L, Dwyer J, Sexton M, Gorbach SL. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1980 February; 64(2): 255-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6766508&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and inulin on the formation of aberrant crypt foci in rats. Author(s): Bolognani F, Rumney CJ, Pool-Zobel BL, Rowland IR. Source: European Journal of Nutrition. 2001 December; 40(6): 293-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11876494&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus dietary supplements on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride-induced intestinal cancer in rats. Author(s): Goldin BR, Gorbach SL. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1980 February; 64(2): 263-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6766509&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of Lactobacillus strains (L. casei and L. Acidophillus Strains cerela) on bacterial overgrowth-related chronic diarrhea. Author(s): Gaon D, Garmendia C, Murrielo NO, de Cucco Games A, Cerchio A, Quintas R, Gonzalez SN, Oliver G. Source: Medicina (B Aires). 2002; 62(2): 159-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12038039&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of lactobacillus supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in mongrel pups. Author(s): Pasupathy K, Sahoo A, Pathak NN. Source: Archiv Fur Tierernahrung. 2001; 55(3): 243-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12098837&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of some nutritional and environmental parameters on the production of diacetyl and on starch consumption by Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus acidophilus in submerged cultures. Author(s): Escamilla ML, Valdes SE, Soriano J, Tomasini A. Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2000 January; 88(1): 142-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735253&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of a mixture of organisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis on delta6-desaturase activity in the livers of rats fed a fat- and cholesterol-enriched diet. Author(s): Fukushima M, Yamada A, Endo T, Nakano M. Source: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 1999 May; 15(5): 373-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10355850&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial translocation and liver injury in an acute liver injury model. Author(s): Adawi D, Ahrne S, Molin G. Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2001 November 8; 70(3): 213-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11764187&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: a review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. Author(s): de Roos NM, Katan MB.


Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000 February; 71(2): 405-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10648252&dopt=Abstract •

Evaluation of an avian-specific probiotic and Salmonella typhimurium-Specific antibodies on the colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broilers. Author(s): Promsopone B, Morishita TY, Aye PP, Cobb CW, Veldkamp A, Clifford JR. Source: J Food Prot. 1998 February; 61(2): 176-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9708277&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of an avian-specific probiotic to reduce the colonization and shedding of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers. Author(s): Morishita TY, Aye PP, Harr BS, Cobb CW, Clifford JR. Source: Avian Dis. 1997 October-December; 41(4): 850-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9454918&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of avian-specific probiotic and Salmonella enteritidis-, Salmonella typhimurium-, and Salmonella heidelberg-specific antibodies on cecal colonization and organ invasion of Salmonella enteritidis in broilers. Author(s): Tellez G, Petrone VM, Escorcia M, Morishita TY, Cobb CW, Villasenor L, Promsopone B. Source: J Food Prot. 2001 March; 64(3): 287-91. Erratum In: J Food Prot 2001 July; 64(7): 933. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252468&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Author(s): Lin MY, Yen CL. Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1999 September; 47(9): 3661-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10552700&dopt=Abstract

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Invited review: the scientific basis of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM functionality as a probiotic. Author(s): Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 2001 February; 84(2): 319-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11233016&dopt=Abstract

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Measurement of bile salt hydrolase activity from Lactobacillus acidophilus based on disappearance of conjugated bile salts. Author(s): Corzo G, Gilliland SE. Source: Journal of Dairy Science. 1999 March; 82(3): 466-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10194663&dopt=Abstract

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Probiotic effects of feeding heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei to Candida albicans-colonized immunodeficient mice. Author(s): Wagner RD, Pierson C, Warner T, Dohnalek M, Hilty M, Balish E. Source: J Food Prot. 2000 May; 63(5): 638-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10826722&dopt=Abstract

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Production and properties of alpha-glucosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Li KB, Chan KY. Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1983 December; 46(6): 1380-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6419677&dopt=Abstract

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Properties of alpha-glucosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCTC 1723. Author(s): Chan K, Li KB. Source: Microbios. 1981; 32(127): 47-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6803101&dopt=Abstract

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Prophylactic feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM to mice attenuates overt colonic hyperplasia. Author(s): Varcoe JJ, Krejcarek G, Busta F, Brady L. Source: J Food Prot. 2003 March; 66(3): 457-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12636301&dopt=Abstract

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Reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with enteral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis to neonates in an intensive care unit. Author(s): Hoyos AB. Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases : Ijid : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 1999 Summer; 3(4): 197-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10575148&dopt=Abstract

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Some properties of the autolytic N-acetylmuramidase of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Coyette J, Shockman GD. Source: Journal of Bacteriology. 1973 April; 114(1): 34-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4633345&dopt=Abstract

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Supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri or L. acidophilus reduced intestinal shedding of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in immunodeficient C57BL/6 mice. Author(s): Alak JI, Wolf BW, Mdurvwa EG, Pimentel-Smith GE, Kolavala S, Abdelrahman H, Suppiramaniam V. Source: Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-Le-Grand). 1999 September; 45(6): 855-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10541481&dopt=Abstract


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Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. Author(s): Kailasapathy K, Chin J. Source: Immunology and Cell Biology. 2000 February; 78(1): 80-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10651933&dopt=Abstract

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Trace element requirements of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Author(s): Sabine DB, Vaselekos J. Source: Nature. 1967 April 29; 214(87): 520. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4962070&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

•

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to acidophilus; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Bladder Infection Alternative names: Urinary Tract Infection [UTI] Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com

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Bladder Infection and Inflammation Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Bone Infection Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Cancer Prevention (reducing the Risk) Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Candida/yeast Hypersensitivity Syndrome Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Candidiasis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Canker Sores Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Canker Sores Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Chronic Candidiasis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Cold Sores Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Crohn's Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Diarrhea Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Diarrhea Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Food Poisoning Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Herpes Simplex Virus Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com High Cholesterol Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com High Cholesterol Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Hypochondriasis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com


Immune Function Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Infantile Colic Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Infection Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Infection Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Intestinal Parasites Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Irritable Bowel Syndrome Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Irritable Bowel Syndrome Alternative names: Spastic Colon Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Lactose Intolerance Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Lactose Intolerance Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lyme Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Osteomyelitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Peptic Ulcer Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Proctitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Rectal Inflammation Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Sexually Transmitted Diseases Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Spastic Colon Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

42 Acidophilus

Stds Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ulcerative Colitis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Ulcerative Colitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Urinary Tract Infection in Women Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Vaginal Inflammation Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Vaginitis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Vaginitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Yeast Infection Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Yeast Infection Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com •

Herbs and Supplements Acidophilus Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,748,00.html Acidophilus and Other Probiotics Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Aminoglycosides Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Amoxicillin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Ampicillin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Antibiotic Combination: Sulfa Drugs Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com


Antibiotics Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Antibiotics (general) Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Antituberculosis Agents Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Azithromycin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Cephalosporins Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Cephalosporins Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Chlorhexidine Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Ciprofloxacin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Clarithromycin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Clindamycin Oral Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Clindamycin Topical Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Dapsone Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Dicloxacillin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Doxycycline Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Erythromycin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Fos Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10026,00.html Gentamicin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

44 Acidophilus

L. Acidophilus Alternative names: Lactobacillus Acidophilus Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lactobacillus Acidophilus Alternative names: L. Acidophilus Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Levofloxacin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Loracarbef Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Macrolides Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Macrolides Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Minocycline Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Neomycin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Nitrofurantoin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Ofloxacin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Penicillin Derivatives Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Penicillin V Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Penicillins Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Probiotics Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Quinolones Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Quinolones Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Sulfamethoxazole Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com


Sulfasalazine Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Sulfonamides Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Tetracycline Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Tetracycline Derivatives Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Tetracyclines Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Tobramycin Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Trimethoprim Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

47

CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ACIDOPHILUS Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to acidophilus. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “acidophilus” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on acidophilus, we have not necessarily excluded nonmedical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Acidophilus ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to acidophilus. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

Effects of Live Cultures of Lactobacillus Acidophilus (strains Np45 and Np51) and Propionibacterium Freudenreichii on Performance, Carcass and Intestinal Characteristics, and Escherichia Coli 0157:h7 Shedding of Finishing Beef Steers by Elam, Nathan Andrew; Phd from Texas Tech University, 2003, 77 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3083377

•

Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfmrtm: an Evaluation of Its Probiotic Properties by Varcoe, Jeffrey John; Phd from University of Minnesota, 2003, 102 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3087795

48 Acidophilus

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

49

CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON ACIDOPHILUS Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.8 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “acidophilus” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on acidophilus, we have not necessarily excluded nonmedical patents in this bibliography.

Patents on Acidophilus By performing a patent search focusing on acidophilus, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. The following is an 8Adapted

from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.

50 Acidophilus

example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on acidophilus: •

Acid-inducible promoters for gene expression Inventor(s): Klaenhammer; Todd R. (Raleigh, NC), Kullen; Martin J. (Raleigh, NC) Assignee(s): North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) Patent Number: 6,242,194 Date filed: August 11, 2000 Abstract: An isolated polynucleotide encoding an acid-inducible, or acid-responsive, promoter element includes the F.sub.1 F.sub.0 -ATPase promoter of Lactobacillus acidophilus DNA that hybridizes thereto and encodes an acid-inducible promoter. Recombinant molecules comprising the promoter operatively associated with a DNA of interest, along with vectors and host cells containing the same, are also disclosed. Methods of upregulating the transcription of a DNA of interest in a host cell with such promoters are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): The present invention concerns promoter elements in general, along with DNA constructs comprising such promoters operably associated with a DNA in a recombinant DNA molecule, host cells containing the same, and methods of using the same. The gastrointestinal tract is the most densely colonized region of the human body (Savage, Ann. Rev, Microbiol. 31, 107 (1977); Tannock, Normal microflora (Chapman and Hall, London 1995)) and the accumulated evidence indicates that this collection of microbes has a powerful influence on the host in which it resides. Comparisons between germ free and conventional animals have shown that many biochemical, physiological and immunological functions are influenced by the presence of the diverse and metabolically active bacterial community residing in the gastrointestinal tract (Marteau and Rambaud, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 12, 207 (1993); Norin et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 1850 (1991); Tannock, supra). Lactobacilli are important residents of the microflora (Ahrne et al., J. Appl. Microbiol. 85, 88 (1998); Kimura et al., Appl. Environ. Microbial. 63, 3394 (1997)), and have been the subject of intense and growing interest because of their possible role in the maintenance of gastrointestinal health (Bengmark, Gut 42, 2 (1998)). Of immense importance to lactobacilli functioning in this role is the ability to endure in the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, where the gastric pH frequently falls below 2.0 in healthy individuals (McLauchlan et al., Gut 30, 573 (1998)). Changes in extracellular pH have been shown to influence the expression of a variety of genes from many different bacteria (reviewed in Olson, Mol. Microbiol. 8, 5 (1993)). In the presence of a low external pH (

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