War and Peace in the 20th Century and Beyond

Michael W.Doyle Louise Fawcett Erie Hobsbawn Akira Iriye Mary Kaldor Kim Dae-jung (n'ir Lundestad . \ iahmood Mamdani Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Amartya Sen

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Proceedings of the Nobel Centennial Symposium

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editors

Geir Lundestad and Olav NJ0lstad

V f e World Scientific wH

New Jersey •London 'Singapore Singapore • Hong Kong

Published in 2002 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: Suite 202, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

WAR AND PEACE IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND BEYOND Proceedings of the Nobel Centennial Symposium All rights reserved.

ISBN 981-238-196-1 ISBN 981-238-197-X(pbk)

Printed in Singapore by Mainland Press

V

Contents

Notes on Contributors Introduction: The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century Geir Lundestad & Olav Njolstad

vii 1

Dialogue and Cooperation to Achieve World Peace Kim Dae-jung

19

War and Peace in the 20th Century Eric Hobsbawm

25

Ideologies and Polities: Liberal Democracy and National Dictatorship in Peace and War Michael W.Doyle Making Sense of Political Violence in Postcolonial Africa Mahmood Mamdani

41 71

Global Inequality and Persistent Conflicts Amartya Sen

101

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers Joseph S. Nye

121

VI

Contents

Beyond Militarism, Arms Races and Arms Control Mary Kaldor Rivalry over Territory and Resources and the Balance of Peace and War: The 20th Century Louise Fawcett Misperception, Mistrust, Fear Akira Iriye

145

177 199

The Nobel Peace Prize in Its Next Century: Old and New Dimensions Geir Lundestad

221

Index

239

VII

Notes on Contributors

G©^

Dr. Michael W. Doyle Edward S. Sanford Professor of Politics and International Princeton University

Affairs,

Dr. Louise Fawcett Wilfred Knapp Fellow and Tutor in Politics at St. Catherine's College, Oxford University Dr. Eric Hobsbawm Fellow of the British Academy and Professor (Emeritus) of History at Birkbeck College, University of London Dr. Akira Iriye Charles Warren Professor University

of American

History

at

Harvard

Dr. Mary H. Kaldor Principal Research Fellow and Programme Director, Centre for the Study of Global Governance, London School of Economics Kim Dae-jung President, the Republic of Korea

viii

Notes on Contributors

Dr. Mahmood Mamdani Herbert Lehman Professor of Government of African Studies, Columbia University

and Director, Institute

Dr. Gcir Lundestad Director, the Norwegian Nobel Institute and Associate Professor of History, University of Oslo Dr. Joseph S. Nye Professor of Political Science and Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Dr. Olav Njolstad Research Director, the Norwegian Nobel

Institute

Dr. Amartya Sen Professor of Economics at Trinity College, University of Cambridge (UK), and the 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Economic Sciences

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