The BSA'S Geometric Collection: Kynosarges et alia volume 98 issue The Annual of the British School at Athens

THE BSA'S GEOMETRICCOLLECTION: KYNOSARGESET ALIAl As a contribution towards a general plan to publish the entire collection in the BSA Museum, this article presents the School's holding of vases dating to the Geometric period.2 These fall into two groups. Inventoried with the letter A are vases acquired piecemeal over a long period, whether through gifts, bequests or purchases. Under category K are listed the finds from the School's excavations of 1896-7 on the site thought to contain the Kynosarges Gymnasium, near the south-eastern limits of ancient Athens. With the Kynosarges vases, for which some records are preserved in the School's archives, we shall begin. THE KYNOSARGESSITE In spring 1896 the School's third Director, Cecil Harcourt Smith, began an excavation that 'might be usefully employed in an experimental digging, which might not only give us all some valuable experience preliminary to our undertaking in Melos, but would possibly give the School a share, however small, in the great work of pushing forward the knowledge of Athenian topography.'3s The spot was chosen on the advice of W. Dorpfeld, who believed that it might be the site of the Kynosarges, one of the three early Gymnasia of Athens. Harcourt Smith's account of his excavations, continued and completed in spring 1897, is confined to a few preliminary pages without illustration.4 The precise location, however, can be deduced with the help of photographs in the School's archives in London.5 PLATE39 a, showing in the background the Acropolis and the temple of Olympian Zeus, allows us to pinpoint the site of the excavation near what today is the intersection between Odos Vouliagmenis and Odos Vourvachi. The complexity of the remains is well illustrated in PLATE 39 b, showing a Roman building superimposed above the walls of the alleged Gymnasium,

1 SAtevery stage in the preparation of this article I have been grateful for help from the School's staff,both in Athens and in London. Dr Rebecca Sweetman (AssistantDirector) kindly supplied me with inventory documents and photographs, and greatly assisted my access to the pottery in the School's Museum. My thanks are due also to Mrs Helen Clarke (Athens Secretary),Dr AmaliaKakissis(Archivist),Mrs Penny Wilson-Zarganis(Librarian)and Dr ElizabethWaywell (London Secretary). I am grateful to Dr Marcella Pisani for archival information concerning the growth of the School's collection. Dr N. Kaltsas and Mrs Elizabeth Stasinopoulou kindly answered queries relating to the records in the National Museum of Athens. I express my gratitude also to Mrs Ann Thomas for the drawings,and to Marie Mauzyfor most of the photographs. other than those in general use: Abbreviations, Borell = B. Borell, Attisch GeometrischeSchalen (Mainz, 1978).

Droop = J. P. Droop, 'Dipylon vases from the Kynosarges site', BSA 12 (1905-6),

80-92.

331

GCP = R. E. Jones, Greek and Cypriot Pottery: A Review of Scientific Studies (BSA Fitch Laboratory, 1986). GGP = J. N. Coldstream, Greek GeometricPottery:A Survey of Ten Local Styles and Their Chronology(London, 1968). Ker.V. 1 = K. Kiubler, KerameikosV. 1.Die Nekropoledes zio bis 8Jahrhunderts (Berlin, 1954). KNC = J. N. Coldstream and H. W. Catling (eds), Knossos North Cemetery,Early GreekTombs(BSA Supp. 28, 1996). Schweitzer = B. Schweitzer, Greek GeometricArt (London, 1971).

2 Thirteen Submycenaean and Protogeometric vases in the School's collection have already been fully published by R. W. V. Catling: BSA 84 (1989), 177-85 and 85 (199o), 37-46. 3 BSA 2 (1895-6), 23. 4 Ibid.; BSA 3 (1896-7), 232-3. 5 From glass negatives in the BSA London archive: nos. 5073

(PLATE 39 a), and 5067

(PLATE 39 b).

332

J.N.

COLDSTREAM

with graves scattered in the interstices; if chosen for 'preliminary experience', evidently an exceptionally demanding site. Here, however, is no place for an attempt to recover the details of the supposed Gymnasium.6 Our concern is limited to the contents of the early graves, mainly of the eighth century BC,which preceded the construction of the Archaic Gymnasium building; as Harcourt Smith puts it, 'a perfect warren of tombs'.7 Ten years after the excavation, forty-four 'Dipylon vases' and three small finds were reviewed in a short article by J. P. Droop8 with illustrations of selected pieces. These correspond in the main to the School's holding, the vases being already designated by the K(ynosarges) numbers of the BSA inventory.9 These, however, constitute only a part of the total finds from the site. At the time of the excavation, the Greek Archaeological Service made no claim to the material; but, as Droop laments at the outset of his brief study, 'it is unfortunate that, according to the law as it then stood, the larger part of the vases found in these tombs passed to the owner of the site and are now beyond reach.' Not entirely, however. Five more Geometric vases from the site, not in the BSA collection, appear in half-plate photographs taken at the time of the excavation'o and now in the School's archives in London (PLATE 46). Although their present whereabouts is unknown, these will be included in our catalogue under the heading KS(upplement) with as much detail as the old photographs can reveal. We should also take note of the Protoattic masterpiece now well-known as the 'Kynosarges amphora', the only vase that Harcourt Smith published from his excavations. By the time of his article of 19o2," it was already in the National Museum of Athens; the fragments, which had at first been in the School's collection, were subsequently requested by the Museum's Director, to be mended and restored there." The National Museum's inventory, however, contains no reference to any other vases from the Kynosarges site of 1896-7.'3 The excavation notebooks afford very little enlightenment as to the precise contexts of the Geometric vases, and no grave group can be reconstructed with anything approaching certainty. Indeed, a cemetery plot lying under the foundations of a public building is unlikely to have escaped severe disturbance, and many of the vases may have been scattered outside the graves; of the fragments of the 'Kynosarges amphora', for example, some were found 'lying in the soil with loose human bones', and others 'in the wall of a Late

6

On evidence both topographical and epigraphical, identification as the Kynosarges Gymnasium is strongly supported byJ. Travlos, AAA 3 (1970), 6-14 and his PictorialDictionary of Ancient Athens (London, 1971), 340 where full references are given to earlier research. In his view, the Greek building excavated by Harcourt Smith was probably the palaestra, later to be covered by a Roman bath house. 7 BSA 2 (1895-6),

24. 'Upwards

of sixty' are mentioned,

ranging in date from Geometric to Hellenistic. 8 See Abbreviations (n. 1). 9 Apart from the items catalogued here, the remaining K numbers refer to the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman finds from the 1896-7 excavations in the School's collection, the latest being Roman lamps of the 5th c. AD (K 32-35a). Of the vases included in Droop's article, we exclude here K 78, the Archaic pyxis lid with birds (Droop 89, fig. 11, bottom R.) and K 42-3 (Droop 88, 'thin miniature lecythi without handles') which are Roman unguentaria of the first

century AD. On the other hand we include the following pieces not mentioned by Droop: Kx6 (Early Protoattic amphora rim fr.) and K18 (LG kantharos, rim fr.); also three pieces which seem to belong elsewhere, Ksg (Submycenaean amphoriskos), K82 (Laconian PG skyphos fr.) and Kg92 (Laconian PG krater fr.). 10 Glass negatives 5076 (here PLATE 46, KS2-5) and 5077 (PLATE 46, KSI). 11 JHS22 (1902),

29-31.

12 Letter of 14 Feb. 200oo2from Dr N. Kaltsas, Director of the National Museum of Athens. The 'Kynosarges amphora', when mended and restored, was eventually inventoried as Athens 14497; the number suggests that its registration occurred some years after the fragments came to the Museum. 13 Information kindly supplied by Dr E. Stasinopoulou, Curator of Vases in the National Museum of Athens.

THE

BSA'S

GEOMETRIC

COLLECTION:

KYNOSARGES

ET ALIA

333

Roman building'. 14Where sketches of pots are drawn in the notebooks, they are too small and too rough for us to determine whether or not they match any vases in the BSA collection. We can, however, recover possible associations of the three small finds illustrated by Droop,'5 the gold band, the iron knife and the bronze shield boss. One notebook mentions'6 'a stone built grave (no. 83) containing one large eighth century Geometric amphora and 5 (?) smaller dishes and jugs. The large amphora contained burnt bones and was covered by a bronze lid'. The sketch shows a slim neck-handled amphora of MG II proportions, with a careful drawing of the shield boss serving as its lid.'7 As for the gold band and the iron knife, they receive notice in the preliminary report'8 as being among the contents of a 'tall amphora' together with 'calcined bones'. The MG II vessel KS1 could have been either of the amphorae associated with the metal finds; in any case, they throw some light on the earliest phase of the cemetery, when cremation was still the rule. However scanty our knowledge of their exact provenance may be, the Kynosarges vases in the BSA collection form a reasonably logical sequence, interrupted by a marked lacuna. First comes a group of fine MG II-LG Ia pots of c. 775-750 BCnotable for their thick, black and lustrous paint (KIo, 12, 84, 86, 88; KS1-5), from at least two urn cremations with metallic finds. After a gap in the main part of the LG I phase, there follows a large number of LG II vessels (c. 730-70oo BC), including the figured pitcher from the Rattle group (K83). Then we have a collection of miniature pots at the turn to Early Protoattic (K2o-2, 25-8, go), suitable for child burials. For the sake of completeness, two later Protoattic pieces, KI5 and 16, are included in our catalogue; also part of a stray Submycenaean(?) amphoriskos (K19) and two pieces of Laconian appearance (K82, 92), which do not appear in Droop's article and may belong elsewhere. Of the small finds, the gold band and the iron knife are presented here (B1, 7), while the shield boss will be studied in another article dealing with the bronzes in BSA collection.'9 The Kynosarges graves excavated in 1896-7 appear to form part of a larger cemetery extending some way to the north-west, where a plot was excavated by Olga Alexandri, published in preliminary reports.20 The Geometric finds from those graves seem to be better preserved than those found by the BSA, possibly because that part of the cemetery had not been encroached upon by the 'Gymnasium' building. Forty graves are reported, of which nine are Geometric, the rest being Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman. The earliest finds from that plot were in rich MG II cremations and inhumations with gold bands (graves 3, 9, 12). These, like our MG II amphora with the fragmentary gold band, appear to inaugurate the first use of a cemetery at the south-eastern outskirts of ancient Athens.

14 JHS 22 (1902), 30. Harcourt Smith suggested that the 'Kynosarges amphora' may originally have served as a grave monument. 15 Droop 91-2, fig. 12. 16 Kynosarges 1896, excavation notebook I, 49-50.

7 A. M. Snodgrass, Early Greek Armour and Weapons (Edinburgh, 1964), 40, A 26; 46-7. 18 BSA 2 (1895-6), 25.

19Claudia Wagner,

forthcoming.

20 O. Alexandri, AAA 5 (1972), 165-76; A. Delt. 27 (1972), B 93-6, pls. 62-3, intersection of Od. Vougliamenis, Trivonianou and Near (Od. Eupompou. by Theophilopoulou) is another MG II cremation with neck-handled amphora, skyphos, and gold band: A. Delt. 27 (1972), B 62, grave 4, pls. 50, 51.

334

J.N.

CATALOGUE

COLDSTREAM

OF THE KYNOSARGES VASES

All measurementsare in centimetres. For the Attic pottery the fabric is not described, apartfrom unusual features. The paint is normally thick and lustrous on the MG II-LG Ia vessels, thin and dull on those of LG II and EPA. K1. Kantharos. PLATE40.

H. 11.7. D. (rim)

15.8.

to base. Barsbetween lines on handles. Interior coated but for reserved line below rim, reserved band below handles, and reserved circle on floor. Attic LG II A. A rough imitation of the early, hemispherical Corinthian type, as GGP pl. 19 j. For the shape cf. GGP pl. 15 g = Agora, viii, 50 no. 153, pl. 9,

Mended; rim partly restored. Lustrous black paint, much worn in parts. Vertical lip, not offset from bellied body; high-swung strap handles, ring foot. Lip: dots between lines. Handle zone: two winds of hatched meander with intervening battlement (on reverse, a second battlement to 1.); at each side, columns of zigzag and double chevron. Lines and paint below. Handle barred. Interior: groups of bars in reserved band under rim, otherwise fully coated. Attic MGII. The high-handled kantharosis a noveltyof this phase (GGP 23). Cf. especiallyKer.V. 1, pl. 868 no. 808, from the MG grave 22. Droop 84, fig. 5.

where other parallels are cited. Droop 86.

K2. Shallow skyphos. PLATE40. H. 8. D. (rim) 15.5.

restored. White grits, semi-lustrousbrown-blackpaint. Tall, near-verticallip, merging with deep conical body; round handles, flat base. Lines on lip. Body: latticed lozenges alternating with latticed triangles, widely spaced; paint to base. Paint on handles. Interior: fully coated but for narrowreserved line below rim. Attic LG IIb. The deep skyphoswith overhanging lip is the latest Attic Geometric type. Very similar is Agora P

Mended, rim chipped. Lustrousbrown-blackpaint. Tall oblique lip, overhanging and offset from shallowbody; round handles, flat base. Lip: dotted lozenge chain between lines. Body: thick arcs, lines, band. Handles: detached bars between lines. Interior:tangential blobs under rim, lines, paint, lines, large star on floor. Attic LG IIa;related to the shallowform imitating SyroPhoenician metal bowlswith embossed figured decoration (Schweitzer 52-5). The thick arcs, a rare motif, appear also on the oinochoe, Ker.V. 1, pl. 75 no. 258 = GGP pl. O10d (LG Ib). Droop 84-5, fig. 6. T. B. L. Webster, Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society,82 (1937-38), o10 no. 8. Borell 13 no. 4o; 71; 96; pl. 34, Beil. G 4. K3. Shallow skyphos. PLATE40. H. 6. D. (rim) 11.7.

Mended. Lustrousblackpaint. Oblique overhanginglip, offset from shallowbody; round handles, disc foot. Lip: detached zigzags.Body:panel of floatingverticalzigzags, between metopes containing loose triple zigzags, each panel separatedby five bars.Below:lines, band. Handles barred.Interior:detached zigzagsbelow rim, lines alternating with bands; latticed triangles,three lines, wheel patternon floor with dots in the quadrants. Attic LG IIb. A plain relation of the shallow skyphoi with internal figured scenes, imitating Syro-Phoenician metal bowls (Schweitzer 52-5).

The floor design is

common to several of the figured skyphoi, e.g. Borell pls. 9, 26, 29. The summaryvertical zigzags indicate a date at the end of LG IIb. Droop 86. Borell 13 no. 41; 97; pl. 30, Beil. F 4. K4. Kotyle. FIG. 1. PLATE40. H. 5.6. D. (rim) 9.

Mended from fragments, slightly restored. Brownblack paint. Hemispherical;flat base, rising round handles. Two lines below rim; steep zigzag between bars, painted with sextuple multiple brush;three lines, paint

K5. Skyphos. PLATE40. H. 6.6. D. (rim) 9.8. Intact.

Red-brownpaint. Tall, near-verticallip, merging with hemispherical body;round handles, flat base. Lines on lip. Body: loose floating zigzag between bars, all with octuple multiple brush. Line below, paint to near base. Paint on handles. Interior:coated but for reserved line below rim. Attic LG IIb, with Corinthianizing decoration influenced by the EPC kotyle. On the shape see under K6. Droop 86. K6. Skyphos. PLATE40. H. 8.8. D. (rim) 13.4. Partly

12110,

Hesp. 30 (1961),

viii no.

144.

121-2,

L 27, pl. 19

=

Agora,

Droop 85, fig. 6. Brann, Agora,viii, 48-9,

under no. 144. K7. High-lipped bowl. PLATE41. H. 12.2. D. (rim) 14.

Partlyrestored. White grits, red paint. Tall vertical lip, shallow conical body; fenestrated foot with five oblong windows, reflex handles. Lip: triple wall pattern, lines. Body: careless lozenge chain between bars, all painted with septuple multiple brush; lines and band below. Foot: wavyvertical lines between windows, lines above base. Handles: vertical dashes between lines. Interior: irregularband inside rim, otherwise coated. Attic LG IIb. Cf. Hesp. supp. ii (1940), 50, XI. 9, fig. 33; also AM 88 (1973), pl. 31, grave Delta 1.2, from

Trachones. Droop 86. KS. High-lipped bowl. PLATE41. H. 9-7. D. (rim) 12.7. Mended, part of lip restored. Red paint. Tall vertical lip, higher than shallow body; fenestrated foot with four oblong windows;reflex handles. Metopal zone on lip: rough swastikaswith chevron and dot fill, alternating with lozenge stars,columns of diagonal hatching as triglyphs. Body: irregular meander hooks between bars; dot rosette and dot column near each handle; lines and band below. Horizontal lines on handles. Foot: loose triple zigzagsbetween windows,lines above base. Interior:reserved band below rim with groups of seven bars and two lines, reserved circle on floor, otherwise coated.

THE BSA'S

GEOMETRIC

COLLECTION:

Attic LG II B. Cf. Ker. V. 1, pl. 122 no. 396, from the

LG IIb grave 16, especiallyfor the metopal decoration. Droop 86. 41. H. 9.4. D. (rim) 12.8. Kg9. High-lipped bowl. PLATE

Mended, parts of body and foot restored. Lustrous brown-blackpaint. Tall vertical lip offset from shallow body; fenestrated foot with eight oblong windows, reflex handles. Lip: metopes, overwhelmed by triglyphs. The four metopes contain, alternately, hatched swastikasand ninefold checkerboardswith latticing and small circles. Triglyphs:zigzag piles flanked by columns of single-line battlement and diagonal hatching. Body: latticed wolf-tooth between bars; zigzag between lines below. Foot: latticing between windows,barsbetween lines above base. Handles: diagonal crosses between bars. Interior:below rim, groups of six bars and four lines; reserved band below handle level, otherwise coated. Attic LG IIb. Nearest is Ker.V. 1, pl. 122 no. 308, from the LG IIb grave 54, with a similar proliferation of 'triglyphs'. Cf. also Ker.xii. 77, pl. 18. 4. Droop 86, fig. 6. Klo. Skyphos-pyxis. PLATE41. H. 7. D. (rim) 15.5. Mended, partlyrestored at rim. A few white grits;thick lustrous black paint. Slightly concave lip, offset from broad and shallow body; reflex handles, ring foot. Lip: dots between lines. Handle zone, on both sides: three winds of hatched meander, flanked by columns of double chevron; starsand curved lines near handles. Lines and paint below. Handles: dots between lines. Interior: groups of bars on rim, three lines below, reserved circle on floor, otherwise fully coated. Attic MG II. That these broad and low skyphoi could also serve as pyxides is shown by their occurrence with lids in a rich grave south of the Acropolis: M. Brouskari,'ArrdTdv 'AAr)vtdKLKepapeLK6 TOO8 rr.Xp.

aitva (Athens, 1979), 31-6, pls. 19-20o. Droop 85, fig. 6.

K11.

Plate. PLATE 41. H. 4.8. D. (max.) 16.9. Mended.

Red-brownpaint. Low conical profile, disc foot, reflex handles. Exterior:between lines, dots at handle level, flanked by two bars; tangential dotted circles, lines, band near base. Underneath: band, lines, central 28point star. Handle: horizontal lines. Groups of bars on rim, some carried across to reflex handle. Interior coated but for reserved line in mid-walland reserved circle on floor. Attic LG II, to judge from the comparativelydeep and rigidly straightprofile. K12.

Miniature cauldron.

FIG. 1. PLATE42.

Mended.

Rim chipped. Semi-lustrousbrown paint. Shallow convex body, vertical loop handles with bosses, flat base. On each side, three metopes separated by bars. In the centre, outline quatrefoil with midribs (on reverse, with hatching), and stars in the field. Flanking metopes: opposed arcs forming an hourglass,hatching

KYNOSARGES

335

ET ALIA

in between, small swastikasin the field. Stripeson handles; bands on lower body, paint overlapping under base. Interior fully coated. Attic MG II-LG Ia. A rare miniature, in clay, of the usual bronze ring-handled cauldron, a flat base being substitutedfor the rounded form of the metallic prototype. Very similar, perhaps by the same hand, is Sarajevo 174: E. Bulanda, Wiss.Mitt. aus Bosnienund der Herzegowina, 12 (1912), 268 no. 40, fig. 17. Somewhat later (LG Ib?) is Agora P 12117, for which E. Brann cites other parallels: Hesp. 30 (1961), 121, L

24, pl. 18. The decoration presents an early, experimental use of the metopal system with light filling ornaments (see GGP49-50) and without the intervening 'triglyphs' which later became normal. For the unusual outline quatrefoil cf. the MG II amphoriskos A299. Droop 85, fig. 6. K13.

Strainer top. PLATE 41. D. (max.)

1o. Intact.

Brown-black paint. Slightly concave above, pierced with small holes arranged in five concentric circles. Paint on half of upper surface, two lines round edge, otherwise unpainted. Attic LG. Evidentlyintended to fit across the rim of a spouted skyphos to feed infants or invalids. Munich 6089 (CVA3, pl. 119. 6) also has a concentric arrangement of holes but, as with other Attic spouted vessels, the strainer is fixed. Knossos, however, has produced an Atticizing spouted skyphos with a detachable strainer top: KNC tomb 292.140, fig. 147, pl. 241. For

the most recent discussion of such vessels,with full bibliography, see C. Briese and R. Docter, BA Besch.69 (1994), 30-2. Droop 88-9, fig. io 42. H. (pres.) 13. Base missing, K14. Tankard. PLATE

rim chipped. Semi-lustrous brown-black paint. Tall, slightly concave neck merging into low near-vertical body;part of a handle strut.Centralmetope zone, with tangential blobs above and below: two birds, flanking central sunburst.Large birds with latticed bodies; herring bone, stars,latticed triangles and diagonal row of dots as filling ornaments. The sunburst is a thick fringed circle enclosing a ring of dotted circles with a star surrounded by dots at the centre, and more stars in the corners. The metopes are separatedby only one triglyph,a column of dotted lozenges. Columns of latticing near the handle. Lines on body below. Groupsof ten bars on rim, one band below inside. Attic LG IIa. Cf. Athens 210ofrom the Kerameikos(Jdl 14 (1899),

209, fig. 81); also A. Delt. 1920-1, 135, fig.

4 from Spata grave 2. Droop 83-4, fig. 3. K15.

Amphora(?),

neck

fr. PLATE 42.

H.

3.2.

D.

(neck) c. 8. Red-brown paint. Cylindrical. Two columns of careless diagonal bars between groups of three vertical lines; lower part of floral motif with pendent spiral hooks, small latticed triangles below. Two lines, band. No paint inside. Attic, EPA. Droop 89-90, fig. 11.

336

J.N.

COLDSTREAM

Kt K 12

K16]

K17

K 18 K26\ K19

K1L4

K21

K83

K79 K 87

87

K88

FIG. 1. BSA Museum. Kynosarges vases. Scale 1 : 3.

THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ET ALIA KI6.

42. H. (pres.) 5. Amphora, neck fr. FIG.1. PLATE

D. (rim) c. 9. Two frs., joining. Red-brown paint. Flaring neck. Two lines, rough sigmas with multiple brush, two lines; spiral hooks, solid paint to 1. Bars on rim, two lines inside; another, 2 cm below. Attic, EPA. K17.

Plate, fr. FIG. 1. PLATE42. H. 5. D. (rim) c. 20.

One-third preserved, handles missing. Semi-lustrous red-brown paint. Low conical profile, rim slightly everted, disc foot. Exterior: hatched leaves between lines, circles under base. Interior: on rim, reserved band and groups of bars;another reservedband below. Attic LG IIb. Cf. Ker.V. 1, pl. 104 no. 1144, from the

LG IIb grave 6. Droop 86. 42. H. (pres.) K18. Kantharos(?), rim fr. FIG.1. PLATE

3.8. Red-brownpaint. Short lip, not offset. Wavyline, two lines, silhouette birds with diagonal rows of dots. Inside coated but for reservedline below rim with bars. Attic LG IIa, Birdseed workshop. Related to the shallow skyphoi imitating eastern metal bowls (see under K2 and 3), but the profile suggests a kantharosrather than a skyphos. Kg19. Belly-handled amphoriskos, fragmentary. FIG.1. PLATE42. H. (pres.) 9. Profile preserved from base to

lower part of neck, with one handle. Soft orange-buff clay,white grits;dull red paint, flaking. Globularbody, ring foot, rising round handle(s). Dark ground. Shoulder: narrow zone of small solid pendent triangles. Reservedzone on belly. Solid paint on lower body and handles. Submycenaean(?) No close parallels;the triangles suggest an Argive rather than an Attic origin. K2o. Miniature cup. PLATE 43. H. 3.2. D. (max.) 4.6. Intact but worn. White grits, red-brown paint. Deep, bell-shaped;flat base. Between lines, diagonal rows of four disconnected chevrons; paint to base. Handle barred. Interior: two reserved bands below rim, otherwise coated. Attic, EPA.Droop 88. K(1. Miniature kantharos. FIG. 1. PLATE43. H. 4.6. D. (rim) c. 6. One handle and half of rim restored. Redbrown paint. Deep, bell-shaped; flat base. Roots for strap handles. Horse and foal in rough silhouette, chevrons and large dash in the field. Irregular lines, paint to base. Rump of horse preserved on reverse side. Handle: vertical lines. Interior: three lines below rim, otherwise coated. Attic, EPA. In spite of the sketchy style, the horses' hooves have a post-Geometric solidity. Droop 89, fig. 11. K22. Miniature oinochoe.

PLATE43. H. 6.1. Rim

chipped; worn. Fugitiveblack paint. Short neck merging with baggy body; flat base, rising, strap handle. Dark ground; group of reserved lines below belly, another on lower body. Line down handle. Attic, EPA.See under K 25. Droop 84.

337

K125. Miniature oinochoe. PLATE 43. H. 6.1. Intact. White grits, red-brownpaint. Shape and decoration as K22; handle barred.

Attic, EPA. For parallels from the Phaleron cemetery see A. Delt. 2 (1916), 40 fig. 40, grave 78.1; AJA 46 (1942), 22, fig. 22, grave 71.3. Droop 84, fig. 4. K26. Aryballos. FIG.1. PLATE 43. H. 7.8. Part of mouth

restored. Faded black paint, semi-lustrous. Vertical neck, flaring to rim. Globular body, broad base, ring foot, straphandle. Lines on neck. Shoulder:two predatory birds in silhouette, with reserved and dotted eye; in the field, cross, solid triangle and swastika.Columns of hatching near handle. Belly:zones of squares,alternately solid and with dot rosette. Massed lines, band above base. Handle barred. Two rings inside mouth. Attic, EPA,by the Vulture painter: seeJ. M. Cook, BSA 42 (1947), 139-41, figs. 1-2, andJ. M. Davison, 'Attic

Geometric workshops', YCS16 (1961), 53-4, where cf. especially the lekythos fig. 68, Toledo 26.45. The shape is a loose imitation of the EPC globular aryballos. Droop 89, fig. 11, centre. K27. Miniature cup. PLATE43. H. 4.6. D. (max.) 6.8. Rim chipped, otherwise intact. Semi-lustrousbrownblack paint, worn. Deep, bell-shaped, flaring towards rim; flat base, strap handle. Dots on and inside rim; body coated but for small reserved area above base. Handle barred. Interior: two lines below dots, otherwise coated. Attic, EPA. Cf. Agora, viii, 53 nos. 181-2, pl. o10; AJA46 (1942), 27, fig. 4, Phaleron grave 1o.ila and 16.

Droop 88. K28. Oinochoe, fragmentary. PLATE 43. H. c. 12.6. Much restored, base missing. Small white grits, black paint, worn. Vertical neck, from which trefoil lip is sharplyoffset. Ovoid body, round handle. Bars on lip, three lines. Neck: central panel with hatched bird, flanked by columns of diagonal hatching. Filling ornaments: double axe, latticed lozenges and triangles, floating chevrons. Shoulder:latticed trianglesalternating with floating double zigzags. Massed lines below, interrupted by belly zone with detached zigzags. Handle: thick bars between vertical stripes. Attic, EPA. For the shape cf. A. Delt. 2 (1916), 39, fig.

37, Phaleron grave 19A.11. Droop 83. 43. H. 5.5. D. (rim) 13.6. Intact. RedKg29. Lid. PLATE

brown paint. Tall concave knob handle, flat above;low conical profile, flaring to rim. Lines round knob, latticing above; paint, lines to rim, which bears continuous bars. Interior:slight smear, otherwise upainted. Attic LG IIb. Fits K7 in size, fabric and decoration. Droop 86. K3o. Monumental amphora, neck fr. PLATE43. H. (pres.) 20.5. Th. (max.) 2.3. D. (max.) c. 24. Chestnut-

brown and white grits, red paint. Slightlyconcave profile. Band at upper break;two lines. Central column of latticed lozenge and dots, flanked by panels of hooked

338

J.N. COLDSTREAM

swastikas,dotted lozenge chains, and stiff-legged silhouette birds with diagonal dots. At 1.edge, column of diagonal hatching. Three lines above lower break. Reverse side not preserved, and no trace of handles; but the antithetic arrangement of the bird panels suggests a symmetrical composition flanked by two handles, rather than the continuous zone of a pitcher neck. Attic LG IIa. Rough work, influenced by both the Birdseed and the Hooked Swastikaworkshops (GGP 66-70). Droop 87, fig. 7. K31. Amphora, wall fr. PLATE43. L. (pres.) 17. Th.

0.8. Large white grits; semi-lustrousblack paint, flaking. Convex profile. From a scene round the widest diameter;framing line at upper and lower breaks.Part of two rail-chariotgroups: (i) rear half of the horses and chariot showing two wheels, manned by two warriors each armed with two spears,one equipped with a latticed Dipylon shield and holding the reins, the other carryinga small latticed square shield; (ii) upper part of two horses, with trace of warriorwith Dipylon shield. Filling ornaments: floating zigzag, star, top of triangle, and small stiff-legged bird between the chariot groups. Attic LG IIb. From the belly zone of a neck-handled amphora, distantly related to the workshop of Athens 894 (GGP58-64) but in a rougher style.The backward bend of the equine legs is unusual in Attic Geometric, though quite normal in ArgiveLG (GGPpls. 26, 28, 29 b). Other unusual features, for this time, are the Dipylon warrior acting as charioteer (for other instances, see Rombos, below) and the square shield of his diminutive companion. Droop 86-8; 82, fig. 2 a; T. Rombos, The Iconographyof Attic Late GeometreII Pottery (Jonsered, 1988), 107-8, table 14, pl. 16 a.

K44. Miniature zoomorphic vessel: hedgehog(?) FIG. 1. PLATE 43. H. 3. L. (pres.) 6.8. Head, tail and filling mouth broken off. Brown-blackpaint. Heavy-walled: small filling hole (D. 0.4) pierced through back, as though for a small unguest vase; tail round in section. Broad band across back, crossed by transversebands; spaces filled by bars and dots. Same design carriedover flanks and belly. Attic, EPA(?);a child's toy(?) Droop 89. K79.

Miniature phiale.

FIG.

1. PLATE44. H. 1.3. D.

(max.) 6. Rim chipped, otherwise intact. Orangebrown clay, dull brown-blackpaint. Convex wall, flat base with string mark. Fully coated. Attic, PA(?). K82. Skyphos, rim fr. PLATE46. H. (pres.) 5.7. Hard grey-buffclay, some mica, semi-lustrousred paint. Tall, vertical lip, not offset. Band, three lines, tall zigzag, three lines, solid paint. Inside coated but for reserved line under rim. Laconian PG, Coulson's deep skyphos, type A 1 of his DA 1 phase: cf. BSA 80 (1985), 67 nos. 13 (fig. 1) and 17 (pl. 6 c).

K83.

Pitcher. FIG. 1. PLATE45. H. 37. D. (rim) 16.5.

Mended from many fragments,with much restoration. Small specks of mica, faded brown-blackpaint; decoration much worn. Oblique neck, flaring slightly at rim; plump ovoid body, flat base. Strap handle rising above rim and attached to neck with a reinforcing strut.Neck: between lines, small stacked triangles with prolonged apices and dots in the field; double hatched meander, double lozenges with latticed centres. Shoulder, part of central figured scene: to r., human figure seated on a squaredand latticed stool, holding in each hand a spindle-like object; single zigzagsin the field. In the central part of the scene, a hatched Dipylon shield and a latticed triangle resting on a large checked base with hatched edge. Part of another latticed stool to 1., suggesting a second seated figure to form a symmetrical composition as on other pitchers of this group. The lateral panels contain, to r., (a) two latticed triangles below a projecting boss; on the boss, eight-point star within circle, zigzags above and below; (b) column of latticed lozenges, dots in the field; (c) hatched quatrefoil, stuffed with latticed triangles;to 1: (a) column of latticed lozenges; (b) hatched heptafoil stuffed with latticed triangles;(c) column of latticed lozenges. Below: trianglesas on neck, wide check zone, lines, solid paint. Handle: double diagonal crosses in panels, each separated by four bars. Two bands inside rim. Attic LG IIA, Rattle group, painter B (GGP71-2); the only member of this group to have an excavation context. These pitchers are as consistent in style as in their unusual iconography.Attempts to divine the meaning of the scenes depend on the interpretationof the spindle-like objects and the central checked base. The Attic LG II pitcher being exclusively a funerary vessel, it is reasonableto see the central structureas a grave:in this case, the grave of a warriorwhose shield rests upon it. On that assumption, the objects held in both hands could either be purificatory sprinklers shaped like pomegranates (Hahland, below) or, more plausibly, provide percussive noises whether as rattles (Cook, below), or cymbals (Boardman,JHS 86 (1966), 5). Their arrestingsound would combine with the music of the lyre-playersshown on other pitchers of this group, to honour the dead or perhaps to frighten off evil spirits from the grave.A whollydifferent interpretationhas been advanced by Ahlberg (below), who derives the scenes from Neohittite stone reliefs, showing funerary banqueters facing across a table. One wonders, however, what access Attic LG vase-painterscould have had to monumental sculpturein the Near East. Droop 81-3, figs. 1, 2 b;,J. M. Cook, BCH7o (1946), 92-1o01; W. Hahland, FestschriftZucker (Berlin, 1954), 178, pl. 7, fig. 1; GGP 71-2 no. 7; G. Ahlberg, Op. Ath 7 (1967), 178, A 1, fig. 1; 184; T. Rombos, The Iconography of Attic Late GeometriceVases (Jonsered,

1988), 284-6, table 42 no. 248.

THE

BSA'S

GEOMETRIC

COLLECTION:

K84. Neck-handled amphora, upper part. PLATE44. H. (pres.) 15-5. D. (rim) 17. White grits, cream slip, lustrous brown paint. Convex lip, concave neck, part of shoulder; strap handles. Lip: thick wavy line. Neck: thick band, reserved area with eight-point stars flanking dotted lozenge column with extra wavy outlines; two lines below. Shoulder coated. Handles: cross between bars. Line on rim, no paint inside. Attic MG II. For the light-ground neck design cf. Ker. V. 1, pl. 32 no. 291 (= GGP pl. 5 c) from the MG II grave 22. Droop 86-7, fig. 8. K85. Oinochoe, upper part. PLATE44. H. (pres.) 13. Fine yellow-buff clay, white grits, lustrous black paint. Vertical neck, sharply flaring to trefoil lip; strap handle. Thick band below lip. Neck: between massed lines, narrow zone of sigmas alternating with bars, executed with octuple multiple brush. Shoulder: more lines, traces of narrow zone with detached groups of sigmas, lines below. Handle barred. Corinthian LG. Cf. Hesp. 18 (1949), 153, C 48.137, fig. 27, pl. to (= GGPpl. 19 b) from the South Basilica Well at Corinth. Droop 83. K86. Oinochoe, neck fr. PLATE44. H. (pres.) 9.5. White grits, lustrous black paint, fugitive. Vertical neck, flaring to trefoil lip. Dots on lip, curved lines below. Neck: hatched meander, steep single zigzag between lines. Beginning of shoulder, coated. Attic MG II. Meanders or multiple zigzags, with various ancillaries, form the normal decoration of oinochoai in this phase. For the treatment of the lip cf. especially Ker. V. i, pl. 75 no. 397 from the MG II grave 35. Droop 83. K87. High-lipped bowl, fragmentary. FIG.1. PLATE 44. H. (pres.) 6. D. (rim) c. 11. Two frs. with handles, base missing. Black paint, flaking. Tall lip, not offset from shallow conical body; reflex handles. Two lines, latticed triangles, three lines. Between handles, steep single zigzag framed by bars; lines below. Horizontal lines on handles. Inside coated but for two lines below rim and three at handle level. Attic LG II. Droop 86. K88. Skyphos. FIG.1. PLATE 44. H. 6.3. D. (rim) 12.4. Mended, much of rim restored. Thick lustrous black paint. Concave lip, slightly offset from shallow body; round handles, low rising foot. Continuous lines from rim to below handles; solid paint on lower body. Interior coated but for reserved line below rim, and reserved band below handles. Attic MG II-LG Ia. Several parallels in Ker.V. 1, pl. 95. Closest is no. 793 (stray find); nos. 398, 780 and 861, all from MG II graves, have lines all over the body. Droop 86 (described as 'a fragment'). Kg9o. Miniature cup. PLATE44. H. 4-7. D. (rim) c. 7. Half preserved, with handle and full profile. White grits, semi-lustrous red-brown paint. Similar to K 27 but with broader base. Handle barred, some latticing

KYNOSARGES

ET ALIA

339

above. Fully coated but for narrow reserved area above base. Dots on rim. Attic LG IIb-EPA. Cf. Agora, viii, 53 no. 18o, pl. 10o. Droop 88. Kg91. Skyphos, rim frs. PLATE44. H. (pres.) 3. D. (max.) c. I 1. Black paint, faded. High sloping lip, not offset: zigzag between lines. Handle zone: silhouette birds with diagonal dot rows. Faint traces of interior paint. Attic LG IIa, Birdseed workshop. Similar to A 343. Droop 86. Kg92. Krater, rim fr. PLATE46. H. (pres.) 5.7. D. (rim) c. 26. Hard grey-brown clay, large white grits and some mica; thick lustrous black paint. Thickened rim, ridge below; sloping profile. Paint on and below rim, zone of latticing, solid paint at lower break. Interior coated. Laconian PG, published by Coulson as from Amyklai: BSA 80 (1985), 79 no. 301, fig. 9, pl. 1io h, his type O (p. 55), DA III phase. SUPPLEMENT. VASES FROM THE EXCAVATIONSOF 1896-97, NOT IN THE BSA COLLECTION KSI. Neck-handled amphora. PLATE46. Part of neck, handle and lower body missing. Slim ovoid shape, ring foot, triple-rolled handles. Dark ground. Reserved panels on neck: triple zigzag, hatched meander, triple zigzag. Shoulder: narrow column of double chevron between lines. Belly zone: dogtooth, double axes alternating with bars, dogtooth. Below, five sets of three reserved bands. Attic MG II. For the shape cf. Ker.V. 1, pl. 30 no. 859, from grave 11. Perhaps the 'tall amphora' mentioned in BSA 2 (1895-6), 25, found with the 'iron knife and two gold bandeaux', here B7 and B 1. GGP21. PLATE 46. Tall narrow neck, KS2. Oinochoe. depressed globular body with broad base; ring foot. Strap handle. Dark ground. Neck panels: dogtooth(?), sigmas, dogtooth(?). Body: six sets of three reserved lines. Handle: bars, interrupted by one square panel with diagonal cross stuffed with chevrons. Attic MG II. KS3. Kantharos. PLATE46. Pitted surface. Vertical lip, slightly offset from deep bellied body; ring foot. Rising strap handles. Lip: dots between lines. Handle zone: in central panel, triple zigzag, dots below. At each side, column of latticing, metope containing quatrefoil with latticed triangles. Lower body: lines, paint to base. Attic LG Ia. KS4. Skyphos. PLATE46. Gash in wall, revealing large white grit. Vertical lip offset from shallow body, ring foot. Reflex handles. Lines on lip. Handle zone: in central panel, two large birds with latticed bodies, dot column and small triangles in the field. Massed zigzags in lateral metopes, stars above handles. Lines and solid paint below. Horizontal lines on handles. Attic LG Ia.

340

J.N.

COLDSTREAM

KS5. Skyphos. PLATE46. Rim and body chipped. Vertical lip offset from shallow body, ring foot, round handles. Lines on lip. Handle zone: elongated variant of the meander, consisting of an upper bar linked centrallywith a hooked base. Lines and solid paint below. Paint on handles. Attic MG II-LG Ia SMALLFINDS BI. Gold band, three frs. PLATE46. W. 3.1 L. (pres.) (a) 4.5, (b) lo. l, (c) 12. Edges frayed. Thin gold foil.

Attachment holes to 1. of (a) and r. of (c), where there are traces of burning. Incised decoration, lightly scored with a tracer: large zigzag in double outline, with parallel diagonal strokes in intervening spaces. Attic MG. Gold bands with zigzag ornament are found in rich graves throughout the MG period, before the introduction of figured bands in LG:see R. A. Higgins, Greekand RomanJewellery,2nd edn. (London, 1980),

96; BSA 64 (1969), 144, pl. 34 i. The zigzag appears in

many variations,but none is exactly like this piece: cf. Ker.V. 1, pl. 158 upper, from graves 43, 42 and '3; A.

Delt. 20 (1965) B, pl. 44, from Odos Kavalottigraves Delta and Epsilon;AAA1 (1968), 23, fig. 5 lower, from Odos Kriezi grave 16; A. Delt. 23 (1968) B, pl. 31 a, Odos Erechtheiou 20, grave 6. The maximum recorded length for these bands is 38 cm (Ker.V. 1, pl. 158, M 69 from grave 13), long enough for use as a diadem for the deceased. Droop 91-2, fig. 12 = fragment (c). Harcourt Smith (BSA2 (1895-6), 25) men-

tions 'two gold bandeaux with geometric designs', but the three extant frs. are consistent enough in width and decoration to belong to a single band. B7. Iron knife. FIG. 1 PLATE46. L. 17. Complete, but with blunted point and frayed cutting edge. Slightly curved back;straightcutting edge, but curving towards tip. A short tang for fitting into a wooden hilt. Snodgrass, KNC 585-6, Type A. Droop 91-2, fig. 12. Mentioned by Harcourt Smith, BSA2 (1895-6), 25.

OTHER GEOMETRIC VASES IN THE BSA MUSEUM2'

Like the Kynosarges group, the School's first acquisition of other Geometric vases goes back to the late nineteenth century. One piece, the oinochoe AT1, forms part of a large purchase of antiquities collected by George Finlay during his travels, mainly between 1854 and 1874. Thereafter the School's holding was increased from various sources; for some pieces the provenience cannot be traced. The present inventory under the heading A, replacing an earlier system, was created in 1947-8 by David Clarke, one of the first students at the BSA subsequent to its reopening after the Second World War; thus, before then, the sequence of A numbers does not reflect the order of acquisition. Later presentations came from gifts and bequests. The earliest gift, from A. Furness in 1950, was of two PG vases from Amorgos." In 1955 the Geometric holding was substantially increased from the bequests of G. Empedocles (Azg8-3o6)23 and T. J. Dunbabin (A341-4, 361). The new acquisitions were added to the catalogue by J. Boardman and R. V. Nicholls (1955)

and L. H. Sackett (1961-2).

Attic vases form the bulk of the collection: mainly LG (including the important LG IIa pitchers A3o3-6) but with a few earlier pieces. Other regional styles represented are Corinthian (A71), Parian (A41), Melian (Alo8, A519) and Cretan (A388). Our catalogue ends with three figured pieces (A517-19) from the School's sherd collection: two fragments display the style of the Subdipylon workshop of Attic LG IIa, while the third presents the only known occurrence of the lion in Melian LG. 21 SFormuch detailed information about the growth of the collection I thank Dr M. Pisani. 22 Annual Reportfor the Session I950-51, 13. The two PG vases have been fully published by R. W. V. Catling, BSA 84 (1989), 177-85. 23 Worthy of note are some remarkable similarities between the Empedocles vases (A298-3o6) and the Kynosarges group:

e.g., in MG II, between the amphoriskos A299ggand the miniature cauldron K 2, with the same early and rare variant of the quatrefoil; and, in LG II A, the same preference for elaborately decorated pitchers. One is tempted to wonder whether G. Empedocles may have acquired at least part of the finds originally claimed by the landowner from the Kynosarges excavations of 1896-7.

THE BSA'S

GEOMETRIC

COLLECTION:

KYNOSARGES

ET ALIA

341

CATALOGUE A24. High-lipped bowl. PLATE 47. H. 5.4. D. (rim) 14.5. Mended. Soft pale orange clay; red-brown paint. Tall vertical lip, higher than convex body; reflex strap handle, ring foot. Lip: zone of massed silhouette birds with elongated necks and one jointed leg, diagonal rows of dots intervening between their necks and legs. Handle zone: dotted lozenge chain, lines below. Handle: vertical dashes between lines. Interior coated but for reserved line below rim and reserved circle on floor. Attic LG IIa. One of the latest bowls of this class, before the addition of a fenestrated foot in LG IIb (as K7-g). The lip, instead of the normal metopal decoration, carries a degenerate version of the Birdseed workshop's files (GGP67-70). A26. Miniature oinochoe. PLATE47. H. 8.8. Intact. Large white grits, semi-lustrous brown-black paint. Vertical neck, sagging body, round handle, flat base. Dark ground. Window-panel on neck: gear pattern between lines. Paint on handle. Below, massed lines, band near base. Attic MG II, perhaps not Athenian. Miniature version of the normal broad-based MG type. The neck accepts what on a full-sized oinochoe would serve as an ancillary motif. The massed lines on the body indicate an advanced stage of MG. A27. Lekythos, upper part missing. PLATE47. H. (pres.) 8.8. Semi-lustrous red paint. Lower part of vertical neck; ovoid body, flat base, root of round handle. Neck: rough check pattern. Shoulder: latticed triangles. Body zones, between lines: zigzag, rough check pattern, zigzag, dots. Large star under base. Handle coated. Attic LG IIb. Cf. Hesp. Supp. ii (1940), 60, XII.9, fig. 39 from a LG IIb grave; also CVA Munich 3, pl. 117. 11-12

no.

6085.

A28. Tankard. PLATE47. H. 16.6. Mended. Soft pale orange clay, brown paint, much worn. Very tall concave neck, merging with low carinated body; flat base. Rising strap handle with reinforcing strut. Steep zigzag between lines; metopal zone with three hatched swastikas, pairs of dotted circles as filling ornaments; double chevron columns as triglyphs. Dotted circle zone below, dots in the field. Body: dotted serpent, four lines, paint at base. Handle: dotted serpent between lines, rough star above rim. Interior: three lines below rim. Attic LG Ib-IIa. For shape and serpent cf. the slightly earlier tankard Athens 16193 from the Hirschfeld workshop, GGP42, II.io, pl. 8 f A41. Amphora. PLATE 48. Bought on Thera. Complete. Mended. Dark brown clay, white grits, cream slip, lustrous brown-black paint. Sharply projecting rim, vertical neck, ovoid body, horizontal handles on shoulder, ring foot. Neck: vertical wavy lines, sigmas. Metopal

zone on shoulder, same on both sides: bird between circular compositions, separated by triglyphs of many thin between thicker vertical bars. The birds have heavy outlines, reserved and dotted eye, and hatched bodies; simple crossed lozenges in the field. In the lateral metopes, the circle motifs enclose reserved St George crosses and are accompanied at the corners by detached latticed triangles on one side, and by dot rosettes on the other. Below, lines, and solid paint interrupted by two reserved bands. Paint on handles. Groups of bars on rim, band inside. Cycladic 'Linear Island', probably Parian; end of LG. This vase forms a link in the series of Cycladic shoulderhandled amphorae, between a low-footed LG stage (Ddlos XV, Ab 1-3, 7) and the EO sequence with high stemmed foot exported to Thera, among which cf. especially AM 28 (1903), 183, pl. 26,J 1 for the linear ornament. The handle zone combines old and new: a conventional LG bird, flanked by rudimentary flowers composed of a circular centre with detached triangular petals. 'Linear Island' amphorae were initially assigned to Paros by Buschor (AM 54 (1929), 142-63) and Brock (BSA 44 (1949), 74-6; see also R. M. Cook, Greek Painted Pottery, grd edn. (London, 1992), 34o-2, Concordance with Bibliography. More recently, a Naxian origin has been argued by Lembesi (A. Delt. 22 (1967),A 112-32) and Knauss (below). It may be that some of these amphorae were made in Naxos; but an

analysisin the Fitch Laboratoryby R. E.Jones (below), though somewhat inconclusive, links this amphora to sherds from Paros, and finds no connection with Naxos. J. Baker-Penoyre, JHS 22 (1902), 74-5, fig. 3; GGP 178-9, pl. 37f I. Str6m, Acta Arch. Copenhagen, 23 (1962), 222; F. S. Knauss, Oudheidkundige Medelingen nit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden, 76 (1996), 1 O10, n. 8; R. E. Jones, GCP 653, table 8.6 no. 1; 655. A71. Oinochoe. PLATE48. From the Finlay Collection. H. 30.5. Intact but worn. Pale buff clay, white grits, thick lustrous black paint. Inward-sloping neck, triplerolled handle, globular body, ring foot. Dark ground.

Window-panelon neck: two pairs of hatched meander hooks between lines. Body fully coated but for three groups of three reserved lines. Vertical lines on handle. Interior: thin band below rim. Corinthian MG I. Cf. especially Corinth,vii. 1, pl. 11 no. 7o, and AJA 61 (1957), pl. 65. 1, both from MG I

graves at Athikia, perhaps the ancient Tenea. While adopting several Atticizing features, the Corinthian MG style accepted the meander hook earlier than its first appearance in Athens (MG II). GGP94, pl. 17 e. 47. H. 15.8. D. (rim) Alo8. Small krater. FIG.2. PLATE 19.2. Intact. Deep orange clay, thin wash. Lustrous

J.N. COLDSTREAM

342

A 108

A 302

A 343

A 388

A 519 A 364

A 518

FIG. 2. BSA Museum: other Geometric vases. Scale 1 : 3

THE

BSA'S

GEOMETRIC

COLLECTION:

brown-blackpaint;irregularfiring. Shortoblique lip offset from deep bellied body; ring foot. Two irregular lines on lip. Handle zone: between bars, a single long wind of hatched meanderwith extrahook to r. (omitted on reverse);carelesshatching. Solid paint below, interrupted by group of three reserved lines. Paint on handles. Interiorcoated but for reservedline under rim. Cycladic MG II, probably Melian: an example of the Atticizing MG tendency throughout the Cyclades. Large MG skyphoi-or small kraters-are especially typical of Paros (Dflos XV, pl. 28, Ae 22-3 43-4), Naxos (N. Kourou, AvauKacp6c Nd6ou" To v6TLto VEKpoTaQPiLO TrQ

Nd6ou

KOTr TrQyCOprptKI7

rrepio6ou (Athens, 1999), 38, fig. 18) and Melos. The fabric and style of this vase suggests a Melian origin. No comparable Melian krater carries a meander; the closest parallel is Athens 878 from Melos (CVAAthens 1, 4, pl. 2. 7), with an alternative MG motif, the multiple zigzag. GGP 167, 170, pl. 34 k. A123. Kantharos. PLATE 47. H. 6.2. Intact but for hole through base. White grits, brown paint. Near-vertical

lip merging with deep bellied body; flat base, rising strap handles. Lines on lip; steep zigzag roughly rendered with sextuple multiple brush; lines, paint to base. Handles barred. Interior fully coated. Attic LG II. Cf. CVAMunich 3, pl. 119. 5 no. 620o9 (the

reverse side of a spouted kantharos). Azo4. Neck-handled amphora, upper part. PLATE48. H. (pres.) 17.5. One handle and most of rim missing. Brown-blackpaint. Near-verticalneck with flaring rim, and slightly offset from shoulder; one vertical strap handle preserved. Dark ground. Window panel on neck: row of vertical leaves, hatched, with vertical chevrons above and below. Shoulder: group of reserved lines at lower break. Handle barred. No paint inside. Attic MG II-LG Ia. Probably contemporary with an amphora from Vari on which, as is more usual, the leaves are placed in the belly zone: cf. BCH82 (1958), 673, fig. 7, r., from Vari grave 7, LG Ia (GGP46). A298. Oinochoe. From the Empedocles Collection. PLATE49. H. 21.5. Intact but worn. Lustrous red-brown

paint. Verticalneck, flaring to trefoil lip; globular body with broad flat base. Round handle. Dark ground. Neck: in narrow window panel, dotted lozenge chain between lines. Body: eleven groups of three reserved lines. Verticallines down handle. Attic MG II-LG I. The narrow window-panel on the neck and the proliferation of reserved lines on the body place this oinochoe at the very end of the darkground MGseries. Slightlyearlier than Agora P 17194, Hesp. 30 (1961), 131-2, pl. 15. From the amphoriskos. A299gg. Belly-handled Empedocles collection. PLATE49. H. 13. Intact, but

paint much worn. Red-brownpaint. Evertedrim, slight ridge below. Concave neck passing gently into globular

KYNOSARGES

ET ALIA

343

body. Horizontal handles on belly, broad base, disc foot. Paint on and below rim. Neck: triple zigzag between lines. Belly zone: outline quatrefoil with midrib, flanked by chevron columns between bars (same on reverse, but for indistinct hatched central motif). Lines above and below, paint on lower body. Two circles scored under base. Handles: bars between diagonal stripes, blobs in spaces above. No interior paint. Attic MG II. Miniaturesof the large belly-handledcremation amphorae were made intermittently throughout most of the MG period. Whereas the full-sized amphorae

(e.g. Schweitzer pls. to,

11) carry two

metopal panels of circles in the main belly zone, the restricted space on the miniatures allowsfor only one, in which the original circles are usually ignored in favour of other motifs. The earliest, Eleusis 390 (EA 1898, pl. 2. 16), from the MG I graveAlpha (GGP18), has a dumpy and ungainly shape, as do those from the early MG II Isis grave, also at Eleusis (CVAAthens1, pl. 4. 14, 17-18). Latest of all, with the finest proportions and preserving the original circles, is Agora P 5052 (Agora, viii, 60 no. 250, pl. 17), from the transitional MG II/LG Ia grave G 12:17. In shape our amphoriskos

stands between these two extremes, and its decoration is closely paralleled in Gottingen 533q (AA 1967, 449 no. 6, fig. 3).A3oo. Tankard. From the Empedocles Collection. PLATE 49. H. 11. Intact. Semi-lustrousred paint. Tall concave neck, slightlyoffset from low convex body;flat base, rising strap handle. Neck, between lines: five silhouette birds alternating with four latticed triangles, dotted lozenges above. Body: zigzag, three lines, paint to base. Handle barred. Attic LG II. A3o1. Tankard. From the Empedocles collection. PLATE49. H. 10. Intact. Red paint. Tall concave neck, merging with low carinated body; flat base, rising strap handle. Dots on rim. Neck: between lines, careless lozenge chain, frieze of plump silhouette birds with

diagonal rows of dots. Body: vertical dashes, lines, paint to base. Handle: bars enclosing vertical lines. Band inside rim. Attic LG IIb. A3o2. Plate. From the Empedocles Collection. FIG. 2. PLATE 49. H. 4.3. D. (max.) 18.5. Intact. Lustrous black paint. Projecting rim; shallow body, slightly convex. Flat base. Reflex handles attached to rim. Exterior, from rim: vertical wavy lines, dotted lozenge chain with quadruple brush, dots; thin and thick circles under base. Interior: groups of four bars on rim; reserved bands round mid-wall and floor, otherwise coated. Handles: dots between lines. Attic LG IIb. A3o3. Pitcher. From the Empedocles Collection. PLATE50. H. 55. D. (rim) 21.5. Mended. Brown-black

344

J.N.

COLDSTREAM

paint. Flaring neck; strap handle with reinforcing strut,and deep verticalgrooves near each edge; plump ovoid body, ring foot. Neck: dotted lozenge chain, massed one-legged birds, double meander, dotted lozenge chain. Shoulder: latticed triangles, check pattern, inverted latticed triangles. Belly: check pattern between dotted lozenge chains. Lower body: sigmas, dotted lozenge chain, triangleswith prolonged apices; lines, bands. Handles: continuous bars down centre, paint in grooves, dots down each side. Groups of bars on rim, thin band inside. Attic LG IIa, Soldier-birdworkshop. The most distinctive feature of this group is the massed parade of miniature silhouette birds standing on a single stiff leg, treated as a minor abstract motif in subsidiaryzones. Otherwise, the organization of linear ornament owes much to the later stage of the Dipylon workshop, especiallyin the placing of the weighty double meander on the neck, and the symmetrical arrangement of the upward- and downward-pointing triangles on the shoulder (cf. Schweitzer,pl. 21). GGP64, VII.6. A3o4. Pitcher. From the Empedocles Collection. PLATE50. H. 44, D. (rim) 16. Intact. Red-brownpaint. Flaringneck; rising straphandle with reinforcing strut; ovoid body, ring foot. Neck: latticed tongues in double outline, separatedby pendent latticed trianglesending alternately in stacked chevrons and tangential blobs with dots; narrow zone of dotted lozenges. Shoulder: metopal zone, swastikasbetween birds, with latticed columns as triglyphs. Filling ornaments: for the swastika,single zigzags;for the birds, pendent latticed triangle, dotted circle, floating zigzag, dots below beak. Belly:dotted lozenge chain, verticalleaves with double outline and midrib, rough sigmas with octuple brush. Below, tangential blobs, lines, solid paint. Handle: double diagonal crosses alternating with groups of horizontal lines. Groups of bars on rim, thick band inside. Attic LG IIa, distantlyrelated to the Swan painter (cf. A3o6). The closest parallel to the decoration is on a smaller pitcher (H. 32) in Sarajevo,on which the positions of the tongues and the metopes has been Bulanda, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosnien und Herzegowina, 12 (1912), 265 no. 35, fig. 15. reversed:

A3o5. Pitcher. From the Empedocles Collection. PLATE 51. H. 39. D. (rim) 16.5. Intact, apart from irreg-

ular hole through base. Semi-lustrousred-brownpaint. Concave neck; rising strap handle with reinforcing strut. Plump ovoid body; disc foot, slightly concave underneath. Neck: between lines, zones of hatched birds, hatched meander, and hatched birds alternating with small latticed lozenges. Metopal zone on shoulder: birds alternating with quatrefoils. Filling ornaments: for birds, latticed triangle, latticed lozenge, dotted lozenge, swastika;for quatrefoils,latticed triangles. As triglyphs,four columns of diagonal bars, one

column of dotted lozenges. Belly: zones of double zigzag, hatched vertical leaves, and tangential blobs. Lower body: lines, solid paint. Handle: diagonal crosses alternating with bars. Groups of bars on rim. Interior: thick irregular band under rim, spattering below. Attic LG IHa,Bird-and-lozenge painter: one of five pitchers from the same hand (GGP 71, XII. 1-5), with

a consistent rendering of the swan-like birds and hatched leaves. The treatment of both motifs shows a marked deterioration in comparison with the work of the Swan painter (A3o6). GGP 71, XII. 2, pl. 13 a.

A3o6. Pitcher. From the Empedocles Collection. PLATE51. H. 37. D. (rim)

15. Mended,

slightly

restored. White and brown grits; pale wash, thinned brown paint, fugitive. Concave neck, flaring to lip. Strap handle, rising above rim, with reinforcing strut. Plump ovoid body; disc foot, concave underneath. Neck: tall narrow panels containing, alternately, latticed tongues with double outline, and columns of diagonal hatching; zones of lozenge chain above and below. Shoulder: hatched leaves in double outline combined with small latticed triangles below and dots above, the leaves being hatched in alternate directions. Between more narrow zones of lozenge chain, broad zone round belly: six long-necked birds in metopal panels, with light filling ornament: small hatched or latticed triangles, dotted circle, wisps of zigzag. In the triglyphs,columns of lozenge chain between diagonal hatching (in one case, only a single column of hatching). Lower body: lines, solid paint with one reserved band. Handle: intersecting wavylines between vertical lines, bars above. No paint inside. LGIIa, Swanpainter.Three other pitchers by the same hand were associated byJ. M. Davison, YCS 16 (1961), 78-9, figs. 112-14, chiefly through the stately, swan-

like marshbirdswith shortjointed legs and long, sinuous necks, and a consistent choice of light filling ornaments; and also the unusual leaf-and-triangle combination, always applied to the shoulder. This pitcher is the latest of the group, well into LG IIa, to judge from the lax execution of the lozenge chains (or intersecting zigags) and, in the belly zone, the expansion of the triglyphs(cf. GGP89) at the expense of the metopal bird panels. GGP7o-1, XI. 4, pl. 12 g. A341. Broad oinochoe with lid. Bequeathed by T. J. Dunbabin. PLATE52. H. 18.7. Intact, but paint worn.

Broad concave neck, flaring to slight trefoil lip; globular body, flat base, rising strap handle. Barson rim, two lines below; thick band on neck. Shoulder: two lines, frieze of long-legged birds; zigzag wisps in field, interspersed with latticed triangles in double outline, dots above; under the lip, a column of double chevrons. Below, six lines, paint to base. Handle: bars separating compact and long diagonal crosses. Interior:one band below rim. Lid: saucer-shaped,carefullydesigned to fit

THE BSA'S

GEOMETRIC

COLLECTION:

the trefoil mouth; upper surface coated, lines round tapering knob handle. Attic LG Ia. For the shape cf. Ker.V. 1,pl. 82 no. 811, from the LG Ia grave 88. For the birds on the shoulder of the two lekythoi in the Lambros 'grave': C. Briese and R. Docter, BA Besch. 69 (1994), figs. 20-7.

11-13 nos. 8-9,

A342. Skyphos.Bequeathed by T. J. Dunbabin. PLATE 52. H. 8.1. D. (rim) 13.6. Mended; rim chipped. Semilustrous brown-blackpaint. Vertical lip merging into bellied body; reflex strap handles, ring foot. Lip: lozenges between lines. Body: gadrooned surface with vertical panels: two tongues in double outline with chevron fill, and surrounded by dots; these panels alternated with chevron columns. Near handles, swastikaabove dot column. Below, lines, paint to base. Handles: tangential blobs between lines. Interior coated but for three lines below rim. Attic LG Ib-IIa; cf. especially Ker.V. 1 pl. 99 no. 818, from the LG IIa grave 90. On skyphoi and other shapes imitating metal gadrooning, see GGP18, 20 n.

7, 50-1. A343. Shallow skyphos. Bequeathed by T. J. Dunbabin. FIG.2. PLATE52. H. 6. D. (rim) 12.5. Partly

restored. Brown-black paint. Oblique overhanging rim, merging into shallow body; round handles, ring foot. Lip: zigzag between lines. Body: silhouette birds with two stiff legs, and diagonal rows of dots. Below: zigzag between lines, small latticed triangleswith dots, lines. Handles: bars between lines. Dots under ring foot. Under base: hatched octofoil radiatingfrom central dotted circle, dots in field. Interior: zigzag under rim, birds as on exterior, zigzag, wheel with dot rosette in quadrant. Attic LGIIa:from the Birdseedworkshop,named after its typical silhouette birds standing on two stiff legs, accompanied by diagonal rows of dots. This workshop was among the first to manufacture these shallow skyphoi, imitating the shape and sometimes the figured decoration (e.g. Schweitzer 49, fig. 16) of SyroPhoenician metal bowls. J. M. Cook, BSA 42 (1947), 152, n. 2; GGP68, X.26; Borell 19 no. 67; 96; Beil. A 6.

A344. Kantharos. Bequeathed by T. J. Dunbabin. PLATE52. H. 13.8. D. (rim) 13.2-14.4

(irregular). One

handle missing (erroneously restored with an extra zigzag panel placed where the second handle should be). Semi-lustrous brown-black paint. Deep hemispherical profile, no lip; rising strap handle(s), flat base. Roughly painted metopal zone: at centre, thick fringed circle enclosing four dotted circles and dots, and flanked by latticed hourglasses. At each side, between bars, loose triple zigzag. Two lines below, paint to base. Handle(s): bars and vertical lines. Interior coated but for thin reserved line below rim. Attic LG IIb. The lipless kantharosis an innovation of LG II. The loose piles of zigzags and the central 'sun-

KYNOSARGES

ET ALIA

345

burst' motif relate this vessel to the prolific workshop of Athens 897: cf. GGP80, pl. 14 b. A361. Pitcher. Bequeathed by T. J. Dunbabin. PLATE 53. H. 36.5. D. (rim) 17.5. Mended, slightly restored. Red-brown paint. Slightly flaring neck, rising strap handle with reinforcing strut. Plump ovoid body, ring foot. Neck: check pattern, single zigzag, latticed tongues separated by pendent latticed triangles with festoons of dotted lozenge; check pattern, single zigzag, massed birds in silhouette standing on single stiff leg. Shoulder: check pattern, birds as on neck. Below: single zigzag, check pattern, birds as on neck, zigzag, dotted lozenges, zigzag,verticalwavylines, dots, lines to base. Handle: panels of eight-point stars alternating with bars. Interior:line below rim. Attic LG IIb. A364.

Lid. Empedocles Collection. FIG. 2. PLATE51.

H. 7. D. (max.) 14.5. Mended, rim chipped. Dark brown paint. Concave saucer shape; hollow knob handle in the form of a miniature tankard.Above:line on rim, tangential blobs, five bands. Knob handle: three lines, dots, four lines, tangential blobs, two lines; inside, two lines below rim. No paint underneath. This lid fits the pitcher A3o5, and appears thus in the photograph album of the Empedocles Collection held in the BSAArchive. A388.

Bird askos, from Knossos. FIG.2. PLATE52. L. 17.

Loop handle, one leg and partof funnel restored;much worn. Pale buff clay, cream wash, fugitive brown paint. Equine muzzlewith pellet eyes and ears,bird body, funnel on tail; roots of handle rising from back, three round legs. Back:latticed trianglesand lozenges; lines, band above foot. Lines round funnel, neck and muzzle. Central Cretan, LPG. An example of Desborough's Type Ia with bird head, rear spout and three strut legs (Kr. Chron. 24 (1972),

246-7,

261

n. 17), reintro-

duced to Crete under Cypriot influence during the ninth century; see also KNC366-7. The closest parallel, though slightlylarger, is Fortetsapl. 20 and 143 no. 270, from the uniformly LPG chamber tomb L. More developed, and perhaps a little later, are Fortetsa,pl. 20 no. 277 (also from tomb L) , and BSA 97 (200oo2),214, fig. 5, Hogarth tomb 6.12. 53. H. (pres.) 12. Red A517. Amphora, neck fr. PLATE

paint. Vertical, flaring slightly near rim. Warriorleading horse: head, thorax, left arm and foot missing. Right hand holding reins and touching dagger;part of sword attached to waist. Horse complete but for rear hooves and tail. Filling ornaments: two rows of dots between outline double axes, above back;under belly, quartered and dotted lozenge in double outline. Between warriorand horse: double axe, sixteen-point star, double-outline triangles, and latticing. Two lines below. No paint inside. Attic LG IIa, Subdipylonworkshop. By the same hand as the amphora Athens 223,JdlI14 (1899), 193 fig. 54

346

J.N.

COLDSTREAM

and Kerameikos, xii, 77, pl. i8. 5. GGP55, note. A518.

Amphora, neck fr. FIG. 2. PLATE53. H. (pres.)

12. Red paint, fugitive white paint on shield blazons (colours reversed in drawing). Vertical profile. Two warriors walking to r., equipped with round shields and two spears: (1) complete but for top of helmet, edge of shield and forwardfoot; his blazon a 'sunburst' with sixteen hooked rays;(2) half preserved,with part of head and neck, shield, and upper calves;part of blazon design, with zigzag rays.Filling ornaments:latticed lozenges, double chevrons. At r. break, trace of third warriorwith two spears and part of thigh. Ground line below. Attic LG IIa, Subdipylon group. Close to, but slightly earlier than an amphora in Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg

UniversityCollegeLondon

3187 (GGP55 no. 12), on which the white blazons are very similar. A519.

Krater, wall fr. FIG. 2. PLATE53. Hard brown

clay,some mica, brown-blackpaint. Partof panel showing two rampant lions in silhouette, confronted; one paw raised, the other lowered. Right-hand lion preserved down to thighs; outlined ear, large reserved eye with dot, long looped feline tail merging with framing line. Left-hand lion: only central torso and part of forepawspreserved.To r., two vertical lines; panel with thin hatched meander, two lines below, tracesof zigzag at lower break. Melian LG II, Rottiers workshop. GGP182-4 no. 19, pl. 39 g.

J.N. COLDSTREAM

PLATE

(a)

(b)

COILDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ET ALIA. The Kynosarges site, 1896-7: (a) view from south; (b) Greek Gymnasium building below Roman bath house.

39

PLATE

40

~1 K2

K3 K2

K4

K5

K

COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLIECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, Kynosarges vases K1-6.

PLATE

K29

K8:

K7

K10i

ii.

Il~b~ COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA. Museum,

Kynosarges

vases K7-11,

13, 29.

41

PLATE

42

K14

Kt

5

K16

K 17

K19

COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, Kynosarges vases K12, 14-19 (Kig perhaps extraneous).

K18

PLATE

K 2O K21

~X22~

r

K26

S

K29

K28 .::

K

30

M ~1 COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, Kynosarges vases KIo-31,

44.

43

44

PLATE

K 79

K 87

K88

K84

K 85

K86

I

K COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, Kynosarges vases Kg79, 84-91.

PLATE

(a)

K83 (b)

COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ET ALIA. BSA Museum, Kynosarges K83, Rattle group.

45

PLATE

K2

46

K92

B7

KS2 KS5

K5S4

KS3 COILDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, Kynosarges: K82, 92 (extraneous),

B1 and 7, small finds; KSi-5, Geometric Vases from the 1896-7 excavation but not in BSA Museum.

PLATE

:

A26

A 28

123 ::::::

COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COILECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, other Geometric vases: A24-7, lo8, 123.

47

PLATE

48

I~ A 41

A

24ii

COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum,

other

Geometric

vases: A41,

71 , 20o4.

PLATE

49

bequest. ETALIA.

299 A

Empedocles KYNOSARGES A298-3o2, vases: COLLECTION: COLDSTREAM Geometric

301

A

other GEOMETRIC BSA'S Museum, THE BSA

A298

300 A

PLATE

50

A303

A304 COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ETALIA. BSA Museum, other Geometric vases: A3o3 (Soldier-bird workshop), A304: Empedocles bequest.

PLATE

51

A 305

A 306 COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COILECTION: KYNOSARGES ET ALIA. BSA Museum, other Geometric vases: A3o5 (Bird-and-lozenge workshop). A3o6 (Swan workshop), A364: Empedocles bequest.

PLATE

52

'~r~:-`';".fBI

:

A 343

:

A 388 COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ET ALIA. BSA Museum, other Geometric vases: A341-4

(Dunbabin bequest), A388 (Knossos).

PLATE

A361

A 518

A 517

A 519

COLDSTREAM THE BSA'S GEOMETRIC COLLECTION: KYNOSARGES ET ALIA. BSA Museum, other Geometric vases A 361, 517-18

(Subdipylon workshop), 519 (Melian LG).

53