Swan Song (Webster's Spanish Thesaurus Edition)

Swan Song Webster's Spanish Thesaurus Edition

for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Anton Chekhov Translation and Introduction by Marian Fell

TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

Swan Song Webster's Spanish Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Anton Chekhov Translation and Introduction by Marian Fell

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

ii ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com Swan Song: Webster's Spanish Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-25872-2

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Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR ........................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 2 PRINCIPAL WORKS OF ANTON CHEKHOV ..................................................................... 9 PERSONS REPRESENTED ............................................................................................ 10 THE SWAN SONG ......................................................................................................... 11 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 20

Anton Chekhov

1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running English-to-Spanish thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Swan Song by Anton Chekhov was edited for three audiences. The first includes Spanishspeaking students enrolled in an English Language Program (ELP), an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) program, an English as a Second Language Program (ESL), or in a TOEFL® or TOEIC® preparation program. The second audience includes English-speaking students enrolled in bilingual education programs or Spanish speakers enrolled in English speaking schools. The third audience consists of students who are actively building their vocabularies in Spanish in order to 1 take foreign service, translation certification, Advanced Placement® (AP®) or similar examinations. By using the Webster's Spanish Thesaurus Edition when assigned for an English course, the reader can enrich their vocabulary in anticipation of an examination in Spanish or English. Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of difficult and potentially ambiguous English words. Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority compared to “difficult, yet commonly used” words. Rather than supply a single translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in Spanish, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of English, and avoid them using the notes as a pure translation crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not translated on a page, chances are that it has been translated on a previous page. A more complete glossary of translations is supplied at the end of the book; translations are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. 1

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Swan Song

INTRODUCTION ANTON %CHEKHOV THE last years of the nineteenth century were for Russia tinged with doubt and gloom. The high-tide of vitality that had risen during the Turkish war ebbed in the early eighties, leaving behind it a dead level of apathy which lasted until life was again quickened by the high interests of the Revolution. During these grey years the lonely country and stagnant provincial towns of Russia buried a peasantry which was enslaved by want and toil, and an educated upper class which was enslaved by idleness and tedium. Most of the "Intellectuals," with no outlet for their energies, were content to forget their ennui in vodka and card-playing; only the more idealistic gasped for air in the stifling atmosphere, crying out in despair against life as they saw it, and looking forward with a pathetic hope to happiness for humanity in "two or three hundred years." It is the inevitable tragedy of their existence, and the pitiful humour of their surroundings, that are portrayed with such insight and sympathy by Anton Chekhov who is, perhaps, of modern writers, the dearest to the Russian people. Anton Chekhov was born in the old Black Sea port of Taganrog on January 17, 1860. His grandfather had been a serf; his father married a merchant's daughter and settled in Taganrog, where, during Anton's boyhood, he carried on

Spanish apathy: apatía, indiferencia. boyhood: muchachez, juventud. crying: llorando. despair: desesperación. ebbed: bajó. educated: educado, instruido. eighties: ochenta, años ochenta. ennui: saciedad, tedio, aburrimiento, cansancio, hastío, fastido, desgano. enslaved: esclavizado. gasped: jadeado. gloom: oscuridad, melancolía, tristeza.

grandfather: abuelo, el abuelo. happiness: felicidad, alegría, dicha. humanity: humanidad. idealistic: idealista. idleness: ociosidad. insight: perspicacia, revelación. lasted: Durado. outlet: salida, toma, desembocadura, toma de corriente. pathetic: patético. peasantry: campesinado. pitiful: lastimoso, deplorable.

portrayed: retratado. quickened: vivificado, apretado, estimulado, resucitado, acelerado. serf: siervo. stagnant: estancado. stifling: sofocante, ahogante. surroundings: alrededores. tedium: tedio. tinged: matizó. toil: trabajo, afanar. vitality: vitalidad. vodka: el vodka, vodka.

Anton Chekhov

3

a small and unsuccessful trade in provisions. The young Chekhov was soon impressed into the services of the large, poverty-stricken family, and he spoke regretfully in after years of his hard-worked childhood. But he was obedient and good-natured, and worked cheerfully in his father's shop, closely observing the idlers that assembled there, and gathering the drollest stories, which he would afterward whisper in class to his laughing schoolfellows. Many were the punishments which he incurred by this habit, which was incorrigible.% His grandfather had now become manager of an estate near Taganrog, in the wild steppe country of the Don Cossacks, and here the boy spent his summers, fishing in the river, and roving about the countryside as brown as a gipsy, sowing the seeds of that love for nature which he retained all his life. His evenings he liked best to spend in the kitchen of the master's house among the work people and peasants who gathered there, taking part in their games, and setting them all laughing by his witty and telling observations. When Chekhov was about fourteen, his father moved the family to Moscow, leaving Anton in Taganrog, and now, relieved of work in the shop, his progress at school became remarkable. At seventeen he wrote a long tragedy, which was afterward destroyed, and he already showed flashes of the wit that was soon to blaze into genius. He graduated from the high school at Taganrog with every honour, entered the University of Moscow as a student of medicine, and threw himself headlong into a double life of student and author, in the attempt to help his struggling family. His first story appeared in a Moscow paper in 1880, and after some difficulty he secured a position connected with several of the smaller periodicals, for which, during his student years, he poured forth a succession of short stories and sketches of Russian life with incredible rapidity. He wrote, he tells us, during every spare minute, in crowded rooms where there was "no light and less air," and never spent more than a day on any one story. He also wrote at this time a very stirring blood-and-thunder play which was suppressed by the censor, and the fate of which is not known.

Spanish afterward: después. assembled: ensamblado, congregado. blaze: resplandecer, gritar a los cuatro vientos, brillo, estrella, brillar, explosión, arranque, flamear, fogata, fuego, hoguera. censor: censurar, censura, censurador. cheerfully: alegremente. flashes: bocadillos, intermitentes. gathering: recolección, reunión. gipsy: gitano. good-natured: amable, bonito,

gracioso. graduated: graduado. hard-worked: trillado, redicho. headlong: precipitado. incurred: incurrido. obedient: obediente, dócil. observing: observando. periodicals: publicaciones periódicas. rapidity: rapidez. regretfully: sentidamente, con pesar, arrepentidamente, lamentablemente. roving: mecha.

sowing: siembra. steppe: estepa. stirring: agitación, conmovedor, emocionante, inspirador, removida, turbulento. suppressed: sofocado, suprimido, oprimido. unsuccessful: fracasado. whisper: cuchichear, cuchicheo, susurrar, susurro, murmurar. wit: ingenio. witty: ingenioso.

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His audience demanded laughter above all things, and, with his deep sense of the ridiculous, Chekhov asked nothing better. His stories, though often based on themes profoundly tragic, are penetrated by the light and subtle satire that has won him his reputation as a great humourist. But though there was always a smile on his lips, it was a tender one, and his sympathy with suffering often brought his laughter near to tears.% This delicate and original genius was at first subjected to harsh criticism, which Chekhov felt keenly, and Trigorin's description in "The Sea-Gull" of the trials of a young author is a cry from Chekhov's own soul. A passionate enemy of all lies and oppression, he already foreshadows in these early writings the protest against conventions and rules, which he afterward put into Treplieff's reply to Sorin in "The Sea-Gull": "Let us have new forms, or else nothing at all." In 1884 he took his degree as doctor of medicine, and decided to practise, although his writing had by now taken on a professional character. He always gave his calling a high place, and the doctors in his works are drawn with affection and understanding. If any one spoke slightingly of doctors in his presence, he would exclaim: "Stop! You don't know what country doctors do for the people!" Chekhov fully realised later the influence which his profession had exercised on his literary work, and sometimes regretted the too vivid insight it gave him, but, on the other hand, he was able to write: "Only a doctor can know what value my knowledge of science has been to me," and "It seems to me that as a doctor I have described the sicknesses of the soul correctly." For instance, Trigorin's analysis in "The Sea-Gull" of the state of mind of an author has well been called "artistic diagnosis." The young doctor-writer is described at this time as modest and grave, with flashes of brilliant gaiety. A son of the people, there was in his face an expression that recalled the simple-hearted village lad; his eyes were blue, his glance full of intelligence and kindness, and his manners unaffected and simple. He was an untiring worker, and between his patients and his desk he led a life of ceaseless activity. His restless mind was dominated by a passion of energy and he thought

Spanish affection: afecto, cariño, afectuosidad, amor. ceaseless: incesante. chekhov: Chejov. don't: no. exclaim: exclamar, exclamáis, exclamo, exclamen, exclamas, exclamamos, exclamad, exclama, exclaman, exclame. exercised: ejercitado. foreshadows: presagia. gaiety: alegría.

genius: genio, ingenio. grave: tumba, grave, crítico, sepulcro. humourist: humorista, persona chistosa, bromista. keenly: afiladamente, agudamente, de modo penetrante, perspicazmente. kindness: amabilidad, la bondad. manners: modales, educación. oppression: opresión. passionate: apasionado. penetrated: penetrado. practise: practicar.

profoundly: profundamente. regretted: Lamentado. restless: inquieto. satire: sátira. simple-hearted: inocente, sencillo. slightingly: despreciativamente. subjected: sometido, sujetado. tragic: trágico. unaffected: sincero, sencillo, natural, inalterado, inafectado, impasible. untiring: incansable, infatigable. vivid: vívido, gráfico.

Anton Chekhov

5

continually and vividly. Often, while jesting and talking, he would seem suddenly to plunge into himself, and his look would grow fixed and deep, as if he were contemplating something important and strange. Then he would ask some unexpected question, which showed how far his mind had roamed.% Success was now rapidly overtaking the young author; his first collection of stories appeared in 1887, another one in the same year had immediate success, and both went through many editions; but, at the same time, the shadows that darkened his later works began to creep over his light-hearted humour. His impressionable mind began to take on the grey tinge of his time, but much of his sadness may also be attributed to his ever-increasing ill health. Weary and with an obstinate cough, he went south in 1888, took a little cottage on the banks of a little river "abounding in fish and crabs," and surrendered himself to his touching love for nature, happy in his passion for fishing, in the quiet of the country, and in the music and gaiety of the peasants. "One would gladly sell one's soul," he writes, "for the pleasure of seeing the warm evening sky, and the streams and pools reflecting the darkly mournful sunset." He described visits to his country neighbours and long drives in gay company, during which, he says, "we ate every half hour, and laughed to the verge of colic." His health, however, did not improve. In 1889 he began to have attacks of heart trouble, and the sensitive artist's nature appears in a remark which he made after one of them. "I walked quickly across the terrace on which the guests were assembled," he said, "with one idea in my mind, how awkward it would be to fall down and die in the presence of strangers." It was during this transition period of his life, when his youthful spirits were failing him, that the stage, for which he had always felt a fascination, tempted him to write "Ivanoff," and also a dramatic sketch in one act entitled "The Swan Song," though he often declared that he had no ambition to become a dramatist. "The Novel," he wrote, "is a lawful wife, but the Stage is a noisy, flashy, and insol ent mistress." He has put his opinion of the stage of his day in the mouth of

Spanish contemplating: contemplando, meditando. creep: arrastrarse, arrastrar, deslizamiento, arrastre, fluencia, arrastras, arrastren, arrastran, arrastramos, arrastráis, arrastrad. darkened: oscurecido. darkly: cetrinamente, misteriosamente, oscuramente, tristemente. dramatist: dramaturgo. ent: finalizó.

ever-increasing: cada vez mayor. fascination: fascinación. flashy: relumbrante. gladly: alegremente. impressionable: impresionable. jesting: chistes, dichos, en broma, chistoso, chanzas, bromas, bromeando, burlón, guasón. lawful: lícito, legal. mournful: fúnebre. obstinate: obstinado, contumaz, tozudo.

overtaking: adelantando, adelantamiento. plunge: bucear, zambullida, zambullirse. surrendered: rendido. tinge: tinte. verge: lisera, borde. vividly: vivamente, vívidamente, intensamente, enérgicamente, súbitamente, de modo pintoresco, con rasgos enérgicos. youthful: juvenil, joven.

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Treplieff, in "The Sea-Gull," and he often refers to it in his letters as "an evil disease of the towns" and "the gallows on which dramatists are hanged." He wrote "Ivanoff " at white-heat in two and a half weeks, as a protest against a play he had seen at one of the Moscow theatres. Ivanoff (from Ivan, the commonest of Russian names) was by no means meant to be a hero, but a most ordinary, weak man oppressed by the "immortal commonplaces of life," with his heart and soul aching in the grip of circumstance, one of the many "useless people" of Russia for whose sorrow Chekhov felt such overwhelming pity. He saw nothing in their lives that could not be explained and pardoned, and he returns to his ill-fated, "useless people" again and again, not to preach any doctrine of pessimism, but simply because he thought that the world was the better for a certain fragile beauty of their natures and their touching faith in the ultimate salvation of humanity.% Both the writing and staging of "Ivanoff" gave Chekhov great difficulty. The characters all being of almost equal importance, he found it hard to get enough good actors to take the parts, but it finally appeared in Moscow in 1889, a decided failure! The author had touched sharply several sensitive spots of Russian life--for instance, in his warning not to marry a Jewess or a bluestocking--and the play was also marred by faults of inexperience, which, however, he later corrected. The critics were divided in condemning a certain novelty in it and in praising its freshness and originality. The character of Ivanoff was not understood, and the weakness of the man blinded many to the lifelike portrait. Chekhov himself was far from pleased with what he called his "literary abortion," and rewrote it before it was produced again in St. Petersburg. Here it was received with the wildest applause, and the morning after its performance the papers burst into unanimous praise. The author was enthusiastically feted, but the burden of his growing fame was beginning to be very irksome to him, and he wrote wearily at this time that he longed to be in the country, fishing in the lake, or lying in the hay.

Spanish aching: dolor, que duele. applause: aplauso, el aplauso. blinded: deslumbrado. condemning: condenando. corrected: corregido. enthusiastically: entusiásticamente, entusiasmadamente, calurosamente, entusiastamente, aficionadamente, firmemente. freshness: frescura. gallows: horca. ill-fated: fatal, desafortunado.

inexperience: inexperiencia. irksome: tedioso, emporroso, fastidioso, molesto. lifelike: como vivo y real, parecido, que parece vivo, natural. marred: estropeado. novelty: novedad, noticias. oppressed: apretado. originality: originalidad. pardoned: perdonado. pessimism: pesimismo. praising: alabar.

preach: predicar, prediquen, predica, predicad, predicáis, predicamos, predican, predicas, predico, predique, sermonear. rewrote: reordenó, pret de rewrite. sorrow: tristeza, pena, dolor. staging: puesta en escena. unanimous: unánime. wearily: hastiadamente, fatigadamente, cansadamente, fastidiosamente, fatigosamente, abrumadoramente.

Anton Chekhov

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His next play to appear was a farce entitled "The Boor," which he wrote in a single evening and which had a great success. This was followed by "The Demon," a failure, rewritten ten years later as "Uncle Vanya." All Russia now combined in urging Chekhov to write some important work, and this, too, was the writer's dream; but his only long story is "The Steppe," which is, after all, but a series of sketches, exquisitely drawn, and strung together on the slenderest connecting thread. Chekhov's delicate and elusive descriptive power did not lend itself to painting on a large canvas, and his strange little tragicomedies of Russian life, his "Tedious Tales," as he called them, were always to remain his masterpieces.% In 1890 Chekhov made a journey to the Island of Saghalien, after which his health definitely failed, and the consumption, with which he had long been threatened, finally declared itself. His illness exiled him to the Crimea, and he spent his last ten years there, making frequent trips to Moscow to superintend the production of his four important plays, written during this period of his life. "The Sea-Gull" appeared in 1896, and, after a failure in St. Petersburg, won instant success as soon as it was given on the stage of the Artists' Theatre in Moscow. Of all Chekhov's plays, this one conforms most nearly to our Western conventions, and is therefore most easily appreciated here. In Trigorin the author gives us one of the rare glimpses of his own mind, for Chekhov seldom put his own personality into the pictures of the life in which he took such immense interest. In "The Sea-Gull" we see clearly the increase of Chekhov's power of analysis, which is remarkable in his next play, "The Three Sisters," gloomiest of all his dramas. "The Three Sisters," produced in 1901, depends, even more than most of Chekhov's plays, on its interpretation, and it is almost essential to its appreciation that it should be seen rather than read. The atmosphere of gloom with which it is pervaded is a thousand times more intense when it comes to us across the foot-lights. In it Chekhov probes the depths of human life with so sure a touch, and lights them with an insight so piercing, that the play made a deep

Spanish appreciated: apreciado, gustado. appreciation: apreciación, plusvalía. canvas: lona, lienzo. conforms: acomoda, ajusta, conforma. connecting: conectando, conectar. delicate: delicado, fino. depths: lo más hondo. descriptive: descriptivo. elusive: evasivo, huidizo. exiled: exiliado, expatriado, desterrado. exquisitely: exquisitamente,

primorosamente. farce: farsa. immense: inmenso. instant: momento, instante, momentito, instantáneo. intense: violento, intenso, fuerte. lend: prestar, presto, preste, presten, prestas, prestan, prestamos, prestáis, prestad, presta. pervaded: empapado, impregnado, saturado. piercing: penetrante, agujereando.

probes: sondas. rewritten: pp de rewrite, reordenado, refundido, rehecho, arreglado. seldom: raramente. strung: pret y pp de string. superintend: vigilas, supervisas, supervisen, superviso, vigila, vigilad, vigiláis, vigilan, vigilen, vigile, supervisan. thread: hilo, rosca, hebra, el hilo. trips: viajes. urging: instar.

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impression when it appeared. This was also partly owing to the masterly way in which it was acted at the Artists' Theatre in Moscow. The theme is, as usual, the greyness of provincial life, and the night is lit for his little group of characters by a flash of passion so intense that the darkness which succeeds it seems well-nigh intolerable.% "Uncle Vanya" followed "The Three Sisters," and the poignant truth of the picture, together with the tender beauty of the last scene, touched his audience profoundly, both on the stage and when the play was afterward published. "The Cherry Orchard" appeared in 1904 and was Chekhov's last play. At its production, just before his death, the author was feted as one of Russia's greatest dramatists. Here it is not only country life that Chekhov shows us, but Russian life and character in general, in which the old order is giving place to the new, and we see the practical, modern spirit invading the vague, aimless existence so dear to the owners of the cherry orchard. A new epoch was beginning, and at its dawn the singer of old, dim Russia was silenced. In the year that saw the production of "The Cherry Orchard," Chekhov, the favourite of the Russian people, whom Tolstoi declared to be comparable as a writer of stories only to Maupassant, died suddenly in a little village of the Black Forest, whither he had gone a few weeks before in the hope of recovering his lost health. Chekhov, with an art peculiar to himself, in scattered scenes, in haphazard glimpses into the lives of his characters, in seemingly trivial conversations, has succeeded in so concentrating the atmosphere of the Russia of his day that we feel it in every line we read, oppressive as the mists that hang over a lake at dawn, and, like those mists, made visible to us by the light of an approaching day.

Spanish aimless: sin objeto. approaching: acercamiento, acercar, aproximado, acercarse, aproximar, aproximarse, dirigirse a uno, venidero, tocar un tema, semejante, que se acerca. cherry: cereza, la cereza. concentrating: concentrando. dim: oscuro, turbio. epoch: época. flash: destello, llamarada, centella, rebaba, fogonazo, relampaguear,

destellar. greyness: canicie. haphazard: fortuito, casual, al azar. invading: invadiendo. masterly: hábil, magistral. oppressive: oprimido, opresivo. orchard: huerto, huerta. owing: adeudando, deber, adeudado, deudor, debido. peculiar: raro. poignant: punzante, conmovedor. recovering: sanando, recuperando,

recobrando. scattered: disperso, esparcido. seemingly: aparentemente. silenced: silenciado. succeeds: consigue. tender: tierno, oferta, dulce, subasta, proposición, ofrecer, destajo, licitación, presentar, reproducir, retratar. trivial: trivial. well-nigh: casi. whither: adónde, adonde.

Anton Chekhov

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PRINCIPAL %WORKS OF ANTON CHEKHOV

PLAYS "The Swan Song" 1889 "The Proposal" 1889 "Ivanoff " 1889 "The Boor" 1890 "The SeaGull" 1896 "The Tragedian in Spite of Himself" 1899 "The Three Sisters" 1901 "Uncle Vanya" 1902 "The Cherry Orchard" 1904

NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES "Humorous Folk" 1887 "Twilight, and Other Stories" 1887 "Morose Folk" 1890 "Variegated Tales" 1894 "Old Wives of Russia" 1894 "The Duel" 1895 "The Chestnut Tree" 1895 "Ward Number Six" 1897

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES "The Island of Saghalien" 1895 "Peasants" 1898 "Life in the Provinces" 1898 "Children" 1899

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PERSONS

%REPRESENTED

VASILI SVIETLOVIDOFF, a comedian, 68 years old NIKITA IVANITCH, a prompter, an old man

Spanish comedian: cómico, comediante. prompter: apuntador.

Anton Chekhov

THE

%SWAN

11

SONG

[The scene is laid on the stage of a country theatre, at night, after the play. To the right a row of rough, unpainted doors leading into the dressing-rooms. To the left and in the background the stage is encumbered with all sorts of rubbish. In the middle of the stage is an overturned stool.] SVIETLOVIDOFF. [With a candle in his hand, comes out of a dressing-room and laughs] Well, well, this is funny! Here's a good joke! I fell asleep in my dressing-room when the play was over, and there I was calmly snoring after everybody else had left the theatre. Ah! I'm a foolish old man, a poor old dodderer! I have been drinking again, and so I fell asleep in there, sitting up. That was clever! Good for you, old boy! [Calls] Yegorka! Petrushka! Where the devil are you? Petrushka! The scoundrels must be asleep, and an earthquake wouldn't wake them now! Yegorka! [Picks up the stool, sits down, and puts the candle on the floor] Not a sound! Only echos answer me. I gave Yegorka and Petrushka each a tip to-day, and now they have disappeared without leaving a trace behind them. The rascals have gone off and have probably locked up the theatre. [Turns his head about] I'm drunk! Ugh! The play to-night was for my benefit, and it is disgusting to think how much beer and wine I have poured down my throat in honour of the occasion. Gracious! My body is burning all over, and I feel as if I had twenty tongues in my mouth. It is

Spanish burning: quemadura, ardiente. calmly: calmadamente, serenamente. candle: vela, la vela, bujía, candela, cirio. devil: diablo, el diablo. disgusting: repugnante, asqueroso. dodderer: chocho. dressing-room: camerino, camarino, camarín. drinking: potable, el beber, bebida, beber. drunk: borracho, bebido, ebrio.

earthquake: terremoto, el temblor, el terremoto, sismo. encumbered: estorbado. foolish: zote, tonto, necio, bobo. gracious: cortés. honour: honor, homenaje. i'm: soy. joke: bromear, broma, burla, chanza, chiste, la broma, chasco, chancear. overturned: invertido, trastornado, volcado. picks: pica.

poured: vertido. scoundrels: sinvergüenzas. sits: asienta, siente, sopla, empolla, se sienta. snoring: ronquidos. stool: taburete. to-day: hoy. tongues: lenguas. trace: rastro, calcar, impresión, trazar, amojonar, traza, línea, señal, huella, barrido. ugh: uf, puf, fu.

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horrid ! Idiotic! This %poor old sinner is drunk again, and doesn't even know what he has been celebrating! Ugh! My head is splitting, I am shivering all over, and I feel as dark and cold inside as a cellar! Even if I don't mind ruining my health, I ought at least to remember my age, old idiot that I am! Yes, my old age! It's no use! I can play the fool, and brag, and pretend to be young, but my life is really over now, I kiss my hand to the sixty-eight years that have gone by; I'll never see them again! I have drained the bottle, only a few little drops are left at the bottom, nothing but the dregs. Yes, yes, that's the case, Vasili, old boy. The time has come for you to rehearse the part of a mummy, whether you like it or not. Death is on its way to you. [Stares ahead of him] It is strange, though, that I have been on the stage now for forty-five years, and this is the first time I have seen a theatre at night, after the lights have been put out. The first time. [Walks up to the footlights] How dark it is! I can't see a thing. Oh, yes, I can just make out the prompter's box, and his desk; the rest is in pitch darkness, a black, bottomless pit, like a grave, in which death itself might be hiding.... Brr.... How cold it is! The wind blows out of the empty theatre as though out of a stone flue. What a place for ghosts! The shivers are running up and down my back. [Calls] Yegorka! Petrushka! Where are you both? What on earth makes me think of such gruesome things here? I must give up drinking; I'm an old man, I shan't live much longer. At sixty-eight people go to church and prepare for death, but here I am--heavens! A profane old drunkard in this fool's dress--I'm simply not fit to look at. I must go and change it at once.... This is a dreadful place, I should die of fright sitting here all night. [Goes toward his dressing-room; at the same time NIKITA IVANITCH in a long white coat comes out of the dressing-room at the farthest end of the stage. SVIETLOVIDOFF sees IVANITCH--shrieks with terror and steps back] Who are you? What? What do you want? [Stamps his foot] Who are you? IVANITCH. It is I, sir.

Spanish blows: golpes. bottomless: sin fondo. brag: jactarse, fanfarronear. can't: no puede. cellar: sótano, bodega. drained: agotado, desaguado, purgado. dregs: heces. drunkard: borrachín, borracho. farthest: más lejanamente, a distancia, a lo lejos, a lo más, lejano, lejos, a la mayor distancia, más, más lejano,

más lejos, remotamente. flue: humero, conducto, trasmallo, chimenea. fright: espanto, susto, miedo, angustia, terror. ghosts: duende, fantasma, imágenes fantasma, espectro, fantasmas. gruesome: horrible, abominable, horroroso, repugnante. idiot: idiota, bobo, estúpido. idiotic: idiota, tonto. profane: profano.

rehearse: ensayar, ensaye, ensayo, ensayáis, ensayen, ensayas, ensayamos, ensayad, ensaya, ensayan. ruining: arruinar. shivering: tiritar. shivers: tiritar, tiritona, temblor, temblar, estremecerse, escalofríos, escalofrío. sinner: pecador. sixty-eight: sesenta y ocho. splitting: división, fraccionamiento.

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13

SVIETLOVIDOFF. Who are you? IVANITCH. [Comes slowly toward him] It is I, sir, the prompter, Nikita Ivanitch. It is I, master, it is I! SVIETLOVIDOFF. [Sinks helplessly onto the stool, breathes heavily and trembles violently] Heavens! Who are you? It is you . . . you Nikitushka? What . . . what are you doing here? IVANITCH. I spend my nights here in the dressing-rooms. Only please be good enough not to tell Alexi Fomitch, sir. I have nowhere else to spend the night; indeed, I haven't.% SVIETLOVIDOFF. Ah! It is you, Nikitushka, is it? Just think, the audience called me out sixteen times; they brought me three wreathes and lots of other things, too; they were all wild with enthusiasm, and yet not a soul came when it was all over to wake the poor, drunken old man and take him home. And I am an old man, Nikitushka! I am sixty-eight years old, and I am ill. I haven't the heart left to go on. [Falls on IVANITCH'S neck and weeps] Don't go away, Nikitushka; I am old and helpless, and I feel it is time for me to die. Oh, it is dreadful, dreadful! IVANITCH. [Tenderly and respectfully] Dear master! it is time for you to go home, sir! SVIETLOVIDOFF. I won't go home; I have no home--none! none!--none! IVANITCH. Oh, dear! Have you forgotten where you live? SVIETLOVIDOFF. I won't go there. I won't! I am all alone there. I have nobody, Nikitushka! No

Spanish alone: solo, único, solamente, sólo. audience: audiencia, público. breathes: respira. die: morir, morid, mueran, muere, morís, mueren, mueres, muero, morimos, muera, molde. dreadful: terrible, espantoso. drunken: borracho, ebrio. enthusiasm: entusiasmo. falls: se cae, decrece, derriba. forgotten: olvidado. haven't: no tener.

heavily: pesadamente, fuertemente. helpless: desvalido, impotente. helplessly: impotentemente, desvalidamente, imposibilitadamente. ill: enfermo, malo, doliente. lots: muchos. master: maestro, amo, dueño, patrón, principal, magister. neck: cuello, el cuello, garganta, pescuezo, cerviz. nowhere: en ninguna parte.

onto: encima de, en. respectfully: respetuosamente. sixteen: dieciséis, diez y seis. soul: alma, espíritu, ánimo. toward: hacia, a. trembles: tiembla. violently: violentamente. wake: estela, despertar. weeps: llora. wild: fiero, salvaje, silvestre. wreathes: ciñe, enguirnalda, enrosca, trenza.

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Swan Song

wife--no children. I am like the wind blowing across the lonely fields. I shall die, and no one will remember me. It is awful to be alone--no one to cheer me, no one to caress me, no one to help me to bed when I am drunk. Whom do I belong to? Who needs me? Who loves me? Not a soul, Nikitushka.% IVANITCH. [Weeping] Your audience loves you, master. SVIETLOVIDOFF. My audience has gone home. They are all asleep, and have forgotten their old clown. No, nobody needs me, nobody loves me; I have no wife, no children. IVANITCH. Oh, dear! Oh, dear! Don't be so unhappy about it. SVIETLOVIDOFF. But I am a man, I am still alive. Warm, red blood is tingling in my veins, the blood of noble ancestors. I am an aristocrat, Nikitushka; I served in the army, in the artillery, before I fell as low as this, and what a fine young chap I was! Handsome, daring, eager! Where has it all gone? What has become of those old days? There's the pit that has swallowed them all! I remember it all now. Forty-five years of my life lie buried there, and what a life, Nikitushka! I can see it as clearly as I see your face: the ecstasy of youth, faith, passion, the love of women--women, Nikitushka! IVANITCH. It is time you went to sleep, sir. SVIETLOVIDOFF. When I first went on the stage, in the first glow of passionate youth, I remember a woman loved me for my acting. She was beautiful, graceful as a poplar, young, innocent, pure, and radiant as a summer dawn. Her smile could charm away the darkest night. I remember, I stood before her once, as I am now standing before you. She had never seemed so lovely to me as she did then, and she spoke to me so with her eyes--such a look! I shall never forget it, no, not even in the grave; so tender, so soft, so deep, so bright and

Spanish ancestors: ascendientes, antepasados. aristocrat: aristócrata. artillery: artillería. blowing: soplado, sopladura, soplar, silbido, soplo. caress: acariciar, caricia. chap: raja. charm: encanto, hechizar, encantar, gracia, embelesar, amuleto. cheer: animar, incitar. clown: payaso, el payaso. daring: atrevido.

eager: ansioso, ávido, codicioso. ecstasy: éxtasis. forty-five: cuarenta y cinco, curenta y cinco. glow: resplandecer, resplandor. graceful: gracioso, elegante, airoso, garboso. handsome: guapo, bonito, bien parecido. lonely: solitario, solo. loves: amor. noble: hidalgo, noble.

pit: zanja, pozo, hoyo, foso, fosa, picadura. poplar: álamo. radiant: resplandeciente, radiante, brillante. swallowed: deglutido, dar crédito a, contener, golondrina, tragado, tragarse, tragar. tingling: zumbido, estremecimiento, hormiguear, hormigueo, picar, picazón, zumbar. veins: nervadura.

Anton Chekhov

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young! Enraptured, intoxicated, I fell on my knees before her, I begged for my happiness, and she said: "Give up the stage!" Give up the stage! Do you understand? She could love an actor, but marry him--never! I was acting that day, I remember--I had a foolish, clown's part, and as I acted, I felt my eyes being opened; I saw that the worship of the art I had held so sacred was a delusion and an empty dream; that I was a slave, a fool, the plaything of the idleness of strangers. I understood my audience at last, and since that day I have not believed in their applause, or in their wreathes, or in their enthusiasm. Yes, Nikitushka! The people applaud me, they buy my photograph, but I am a stranger to them. They don't know me, I am as the dirt beneath their feet. They are willing enough to meet me . . . but allow a daughter or a sister to marry me, an outcast, never! I have no faith in them, [sinks onto the stool] no faith in them.% IVANITCH. Oh, sir! you look dreadfully pale, you frighten me to death! Come, go home, have mercy on me! SVIETLOVIDOFF. I saw through it all that day, and the knowledge was dearly bought. Nikitushka! After that . . . when that girl . . . well, I began to wander aimlessly about, living from day to day without looking ahead. I took the parts of buffoons and low comedians, letting my mind go to wreck. Ah! but I was a great artist once, till little by little I threw away my talents, played the motley fool, lost my looks, lost the power of expressing myself, and became in the end a Merry Andrew instead of a man. I have been swallowed up in that great black pit. I never felt it before, but to-night, when I woke up, I looked back, and there behind me lay sixty-eight years. I have just found out what it is to be old! It is all over . . . [sobs] . . . all over. IVANITCH. There, there, dear master! Be quiet . . . gracious! [Calls] Petrushka! Yegorka! SVIETLOVIDOFF. But what a genius I was! You cannot imagine what power I had, what

Spanish aimlessly: sin objeto, sin propósito fijo. applaud: aplaudir, aplaudan, aplaudo, aplaudís, aplaudimos, aplaudid, aplaudes, aplauden, aplaude, aplauda. begged: Mendigado. cannot: presente de no poder. dearly: amorosamente. delusion: engaño. dirt: suciedad, mugre. dreadfully: horrorosamente.

enraptured: arrebatado. expressing: expresando. fool: engañar, necio, tonto. frighten: espantar, espantad, espanta, espantáis, espantamos, espantan, espantas, espanten, asustar, espante, espanto. intoxicated: ebrio, intoxicado, borracho, aturdido. mercy: misericordia, compasión. motley: abigarramiento, abigarrado, multicolor.

outcast: proscrito, paria. plaything: juguete. sacred: sagrado, sacro. slave: esclavo. sobs: solloza. talents: talentos. wander: desviarse, vagar, vago, fluctuación lenta de fase, vague, errar, vagamos, vaga, vagáis, vagan, vagas. woke: pret de wake, Despertó. wreck: naufragio, desbaratar.

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eloquence; %how graceful I was, how tender; how many strings [beats his breast] quivered in this breast! It chokes me to think of it! Listen now, wait, let me catch my breath, there; now listen to this: "The shade of bloody Ivan now returning Fans through my lips rebellion to a flame, I am the dead Dimitri! In the burning Boris shall perish on the throne I claim. Enough! The heir of Czars shall not be seen Kneeling to yonder haughty Polish Queen!" Is that bad, eh? [Quickly] Wait, now, here's something from King Lear. The sky is black, see? Rain is pouring down, thunder roars, lightning--zzz zzz zzz--splits the whole sky, and then, listen: "Blow winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow! You cataracts and hurricanoes spout Till you have drench'd our steeples, drown'd You sulphurous thought-executing fires Vaunt-couriers of oak-cleaving thunderbolts Singe my white head! And thou, all shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity o' the world! Crack nature's moulds, all germons spill at once That make ungrateful man!"

the

cocks!

[Impatiently] Now, the part of the fool. [Stamps his foot] Come take the fool's part! Be quick, I can't wait! IVANITCH. [Takes the part of the fool] "O, Nuncle, court holy-water in a dry house is better than this rain-water out o' door. Good Nuncle, in; ask thy daughter's blessing: here's a night pities neither wise men nor fools."

Spanish blessing: bendiciendo, bendición. breast: pecho, seno, pechuga, mama. cataracts: catarata. cheeks: mejillas. crack: grieta, hendedura, crujido, quebraja, hendidura, crujir, raja. eh: cómo. eloquence: elocuencia. haughty: orgulloso, altivo, altanero. heir: heredero. perish: perecer, perecéis, perezco, perezcan, pereces, perecemos,

pereced, perece, perecen, perezca. pouring: trasvase, vertir, colada, torrencial. quick: rápido, pronto. quivered: temblado. rage: rabia, furia, furor, ira. rebellion: rebelión. rotundity: rotundidad. shade: sombra, sombrear, pantalla, matizar, tono, matiz. shaking: sacudiendo, sacudida. spill: derramar, derrame, derramarse,

vertido. strings: instrumentos de cuerda, cuerdas. sulphurous: sulfúreo. thick: grueso, espeso, gordo, denso. thou: tú, usted, vosotros, ustedes, vos. throne: trono. thunder: trueno, tronar, el trueno. thy: tu. ungrateful: desagradecido, ingrato. wise: sabio, sensato, guisa. yonder: allí, ahí, aquel.

Anton Chekhov

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SVIETLOVIDOFF. "Rumble thy bellyful! spit, fire! spout, rain! Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters; I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness; I never gave you kingdom, call'd you children." Ah! there is strength, there is talent for you! I'm a great artist! Now, then, here's something else of the same kind, to bring back my youth to me. For instance, take this, from Hamlet, I'll begin . . . Let me see, how does it go? Oh, yes, this is it. [Takes the part of Hamlet] "O! the recorders, let me see one.-- To withdraw with you. Why do you go about to recover the wind of me, as if you would drive me into a toil?"% IVANITCH. "O, my lord, if my duty be too bold, my love is too unmannerly." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "I do not well understand that. Will you play upon this pipe?" IVANITCH. "My lord, I cannot." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "I pray you." IVANITCH. "Believe me, I cannot." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "I do beseech you." IVANITCH. "I know no touch of it, my lord." SVIETLOVIDOFF. " 'Tis as easy as lying: govern these vantages with your finger and thumb,

Spanish artist: artista. bellyful: panzada. beseech: supliquen, rogáis, rogamos, ruega, ruegan, ruegas, ruegue, rueguen, suplica, suplicamos, rogad. bold: grueso, negrita, audaz. easy: fácil. elements: elementos, abecé, alfabeto. finger: dedo, el dedo, tocar, manga. govern: gobernar, gobiernen, gobiernas, gobiernan, gobierna, gobernamos, gobernáis, gobernad,

gobierne, gobierno, capitanear. instance: instancia, ejemplo, ejemplar. kingdom: reino. lying: mentiroso. pray: rezar, rezáis, rezas, rezamos, rezad, reza, recen, rece, rezan, rezo, rogar. rain: llover, lluvia, la lluvia. recover: recuperar, sanar, recupere, sanad, recuperad, recuperáis, recuperamos, recuperan, recuperas, recuperen, recupero.

spit: escupir, asador, saliva, salivar. spout: pico. talent: talento, disposición, capacidad, habilidad. thumb: pulgar, el pulgar, dedo pulgar. touch: tocar, toque, tacto, palpar, contacto, rozar. withdraw: retirar, retiro, retire, retira, retiras, retiren, retiran, retiramos, retiráis, retirad, quitar. youth: juventud, joven, jóvenes, adolescencia.

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give it breath with your mouth, and it will discourse most eloquent music. Look you, these are the stops."% IVANITCH. "But these I cannot command to any utterance of harmony: I have not the skill." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "Why, look you, how unworthy a thing you make of me. You would play upon me; you would seem to know my stops; you would pluck out the heart of my mystery; you would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass; and there is much music, exce llent voice, in this little organ, yet cannot you make it speak. S'blood! Do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Call me what instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play upon me!" [laughs and clasps] Bravo! Encore! Bravo! Where the devil is there any old age in that? I'm not old, that is all nonsense, a torrent of strength rushes over me; this is life, freshness, youth! Old age and genius can't exist together. You seem to be struck dumb, Nikitushka. Wait a second, let me come to my senses again. Oh! Good Lord! Now then, listen! Did you ever hear such tenderness, such music? Sh! Softly; "The moon had set. There was not any Save of the lonely legion'd watch-stars In outer air, and what by fits made Hot oleanders in a rosy Searched by the lamping fly, whose little Went in and out, like passion's bashful hope." [The noise of opening doors is heard] What's that?

light, pale bright vale spark

IVANITCH. There are Petrushka and Yegorka coming back. Yes, you have genius, genius, my master. SVIETLOVIDOFF. [Calls, turning toward the noise] Come here to me, boys! [To IVANITCH] Let

Spanish bashful: tímido, vergonzoso. bravo: bravo, olé. compass: brújula, compás. discourse: discurso. dumb: mudo. eloquent: elocuente. encore: bis. fly: volar, voláis, vuelen, vuele, vuelas, volamos, vuela, volad, vuelan, vuelo, mosca. fret: traste. harmony: armonía.

instrument: instrumento, escritura, documento. lowest: ínfimo, bajo. moon: luna, la luna. mystery: misterio, el misterio. nonsense: tontería. oleanders: adelfa. organ: órgano. outer: externo, exterior. pipe: pipa, cañería, tubo, tubería, conducto, la pipa. pluck: arrancar, tirón, cortar,

desplumar. rosy: rosado. rushes: copiones. senses: juicio, los sentidos, sentido. sh: chis, chitón. stops: para, detiene. struck: pret y pp de strike, golpeado. tenderness: ternura. torrent: torrente. unworthy: indigno, desmerecedor. utterance: declaración. vale: valle, de Valle, Ir Por Una Valle.

Anton Chekhov

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us%go and get dressed. I'm not old! All that is foolishness, nonsense! [laughs gaily] What are you crying for? You poor old granny, you, what's the matter now? This won't do! There, there, this won't do at all! Come, come, old man, don't stare so! What makes you stare like that? There, there! [Embraces him in tears] Don't cry! Where there is art and genius there can never be such things as old age or loneliness or sickness . . . and death itself is half . . . [Weeps] No, no, Nikitushka! It is all over for us now! What sort of a genius am I? I'm like a squeezed lemon, a cracked bottle, and you--you are the old rat of the theatre . . . a prompter! Come on! [They go] I'm no genius, I'm only fit to be in the suite of Fortinbras, and even for that I am too old.... Yes.... Do you remember those lines from Othello, Nikitushka? "Farewell the tranquil mind! Farewell content! Farewell the plumed troops and the big wars That make ambition virtue! O farewell! Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump, The spirit-stirring drum, the ear-piercing fife, The royal banner, and all quality, Pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war!" IVANITCH. Oh! You're a genius, a genius! SVIETLOVIDOFF. And again this: "Away! the moor is dark beneath the moon, Rapid clouds have drunk the last pale beam of even: Away! the gathering winds will call the darkness soon, And profoundest midnight shroud the serene lights of heaven." [They go out together, the curtain falls slowly.]

Spanish ambition: ambición, aspiración. banner: bandera, estandarte, pancarta. beam: viga, rayo, haz, plegador, radio, haz de luz. circumstance: condición, circunstancia. clouds: las nubes, nubes. cracked: agrietado. cry: llorar, grito, gritar, lamento. curtain: cortina, la cortina. dressed: vestido, con guarnición de. drum: tambor, bidón, el tambor, barril.

farewell: adiós, despedida. foolishness: tontería, idiotez. gaily: alegremente. glorious: glorioso, famoso. granny: abuela, abuelita. lemon: limón, el limón. loneliness: soledad, la soledad. midnight: medianoche, media noche, la medianoche. neighing: relinchos. plumed: plumado, con penacho. pomp: pompa.

rat: rata, la rata. serene: sereno. shrill: chillón. shroud: mortaja, obenque, protector, protector de contacto. sickness: enfermedad. squeezed: apretado, exprimido. stare: mirar fijamente, mirada fija. steed: corcel. suite: juego. tranquil: tranquilo, sosegado. virtue: virtud.

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Swan Song

GLOSSARY abounding: abundando aching: dolor, que duele acted: Actuado acting: acción, interino activity: actividad, acción actor: actor, un actor actors: los actores affection: afecto, cariño, afectuosidad, amor afterward: después ah: ay ahead: adelante, delante, anteriormente aimless: sin objeto aimlessly: sin objeto, sin propósito fijo air: aire, airear, el aire, aéreo, orear alive: vivo, viviente allow: permitir, permitan, permitid, permiten, permites, permitimos, permite, permito, permitís, permita, dejar alone: solo, único, solamente, sólo ambition: ambición, aspiración analysis: análisis ancestors: ascendientes, antepasados andrew: Andrés answer: respuesta, responder, contestar, contestación, responder a, corresponder al, contestar a, la respuesta, réplica apathy: apatía, indiferencia appear: aparecer, aparece, aparezco, aparezcan, apareces, aparecen, aparecemos, aparecéis, apareced, aparezca, parecer appeared: Aparecido, comparecido appears: aparece, comparece applaud: aplaudir, aplaudan, aplaudo, aplaudís, aplaudimos, aplaudid, aplaudes, aplauden, aplaude, aplauda applause: aplauso, el aplauso appreciated: apreciado, gustado appreciation: apreciación, plusvalía approaching: acercamiento, acercar, aproximado, acercarse, aproximar,

aproximarse, dirigirse a uno, venidero, tocar un tema, semejante, que se acerca aristocrat: aristócrata army: ejército art: arte, el arte artillery: artillería artist: artista artistic: artístico ask: preguntar, preguntáis, preguntad, pregunto, pregunten, preguntas, preguntan, preguntamos, pregunte, pregunta, pedir asleep: dormido assembled: ensamblado, congregado ate: comí atmosphere: atmósfera, ambiente attempt: intentar, intenta, intentad, intentáis, intentamos, intentas, intente, intenten, intentan, intento, tentativa attributed: adscrito, Atribuido audience: audiencia, público author: autor, artífice, el autor, escritor awful: horrible, abominable, horroroso, atroz, tremendo awkward: difícil background: fondo, antecedentes, segundo plano, trasfondo, de fondo, movimiento propio, luminancia de fondo bad: malo, mal, podrido banks: bancos banner: bandera, estandarte, pancarta based: basado, base bashful: tímido, vergonzoso beam: viga, rayo, haz, plegador, radio, haz de luz beautiful: bonito, hermoso, bello, precioso beauty: belleza, la belleza bed: cama, lecho, cauce, la cama, bancada, cuadro, madre beer: cerveza, la cerveza begged: Mendigado

begin: empezar, empiecen, empezad, empezáis, empiece, empieza, empiezan, empiezas, empiezo, empezamos, comenzar beginning: empezando, comienzo, principio, principiando, inicio, origen, el principio believed: Creído bellyful: panzada belong: pertenecer, pertenecemos, pertenezcan, pertenezco, pertenecen, perteneced, pertenece, pertenecéis, perteneces, pertenezca beneath: debajo de, debajo, abajo benefit: beneficio, ventaja, provecho, prestación, subsidio, beneficiar, lucro beseech: supliquen, rogáis, rogamos, ruega, ruegan, ruegas, ruegue, rueguen, suplica, suplicamos, rogad blaze: resplandecer, gritar a los cuatro vientos, brillo, estrella, brillar, explosión, arranque, flamear, fogata, fuego, hoguera blessing: bendiciendo, bendición blinded: deslumbrado blood: sangre, la sangre bloody: sangriento, sanguinario, cruento blowing: soplado, sopladura, soplar, silbido, soplo blows: golpes blue: azul, azular bold: grueso, negrita, audaz boor: patán born: nacido, nato bottle: botella, la botella, embotellar, vaciar, frasco, biberón bottom: fondo, suelo, inferior, lado inferior, el fondo, culo, posaderas, trasero bottomless: sin fondo bought: comprado box: caja, estuche, arca, casilla, boxear, la caja, jarro, recuadro, olla, palco, cajetín boy: chico, muchacho, niño, el

Anton Chekhov muchacho, criado, chamaco boyhood: muchachez, juventud boys: los muchachos brag: jactarse, fanfarronear bravo: bravo, olé breast: pecho, seno, pechuga, mama breath: aliento, respiración, hálito breathes: respira bright: claro, luminoso, brillante, magnífico brilliant: brillante, magnífico, genial bring: traer, traigan, trae, traed, traéis, traemos, traen, traigo, traes, traiga, llevar brought: Traído brown: marrón, pardo, moreno, dorar, castaño burden: carga, cargar, peso, gravamen, agobio, gravar buried: enterrado burning: quemadura, ardiente burst: ráfaga, reventar, estallar, salva, reventón, resquebrajarse, quebraja, grieta, hendidura, henderse, ráfaga de impulsos buy: comprar, compra, procurarse, adquisición call: llamada, llamar, llaman, llamen, llamad, llamas, llamo, llamamos, llamáis, llame, llama calling: llamando, llamada calls: llama, llamadas calmly: calmadamente, serenamente candle: vela, la vela, bujía, candela, cirio cannot: presente de no poder can't: no puede canvas: lona, lienzo caress: acariciar, caricia carried: Llevado, cargado, transportado cataracts: catarata catch: coger, cogéis, cojan, coged, cogemos, cogen, coges, coja, coge, cojo, asir ceaseless: incesante celebrating: celebrando, festejando cellar: sótano, bodega censor: censurar, censura, censurador century: siglo, el siglo, centuria chap: raja character: carácter, seña, naturaleza, índole, personaje characters: caracteres, personalidad, signo charm: encanto, hechizar, encantar, gracia, embelesar, amuleto cheeks: mejillas cheer: animar, incitar cheerfully: alegremente chekhov: Chejov cherry: cereza, la cereza

chestnut: castaña, castaño childhood: niñez, infancia circumstance: condición, circunstancia class: clase, curso, cursillo, la clase, promoción, categoría clearly: claramente clever: hábil, diestro, experto, ágil, listo, inteligente closely: estrechamente clouds: las nubes, nubes clown: payaso, el payaso coat: abrigo, chaqueta, capa cold: frío, resfriado, catarro, constipado colic: cólico collection: colección, colecta, cobro, grupo, recopilación, recaudación, recogida combined: combinado comedian: cómico, comediante comes: Viene coming: viniendo, proveniente, próximo, originario, natural command: mando, orden, mandato, comando, instrucción, capitanear, acaudillar comparable: comparable compass: brújula, compás concentrating: concentrando condemning: condenando conforms: acomoda, ajusta, conforma connected: conectado, conexo connecting: conectando, conectar consumption: consumo, consunción contemplating: contemplando, meditando content: contenido, contento, satisfecho continually: continuamente, siempre corrected: corregido correctly: correctamente cottage: cabaña, casa de campo cough: toser, tos, la tos countryside: campo, campiña crack: grieta, hendedura, crujido, quebraja, hendidura, crujir, raja cracked: agrietado creep: arrastrarse, arrastrar, deslizamiento, arrastre, fluencia, arrastras, arrastren, arrastran, arrastramos, arrastráis, arrastrad criticism: crítica, reparo, censura crowded: atestado cry: llorar, grito, gritar, lamento crying: llorando curtain: cortina, la cortina daring: atrevido dark: oscuro, tenebroso darkened: oscurecido darkly: cetrinamente, misteriosamente, oscuramente,

21 tristemente darkness: tinieblas, oscuridad, la oscuridad daughter: hija, la hija, Nina dawn: amanecer, alba, madrugada, aurora dead: muerto dear: caro, querido, estimado dearly: amorosamente decided: decidido declared: declarado deep: profundo, hondo definitely: definitivamente degree: grado, título, licencia delicate: delicado, fino delusion: engaño demanded: demandado, exigido depends: depende depths: lo más hondo described: descrito description: descripción descriptive: descriptivo desk: pupitre, escritorio, el escritorio, mostrador, mesa de trabajo despair: desesperación destroyed: destruido devil: diablo, el diablo diagnosis: diagnóstico, diagnostico, diagnosis die: morir, morid, mueran, muere, morís, mueren, mueres, muero, morimos, muera, molde died: muerto difficulty: dificultad, inconveniente dim: oscuro, turbio dirt: suciedad, mugre disappeared: desaparecido discourse: discurso disease: enfermedad disgusting: repugnante, asqueroso divided: dividido, separado, apartado, segregado, compartido doctor: médico, doctor doctrine: doctrina dodderer: chocho dominated: dominado don: Título De Dignidad, Vestirse En, Profesor, Señor, Profesora, Ponerse, don don't: no doors: las puertas double: doble, doblar, doblado doubt: dudar, duda drained: agotado, desaguado, purgado dramatic: dramático dramatist: dramaturgo drawn: dibujado, encantado, trazado dreadful: terrible, espantoso dreadfully: horrorosamente dream: soñar, sueño, ensueño dregs: heces

22 dressed: vestido, con guarnición de dressing-room: camerino, camarino, camarín drinking: potable, el beber, bebida, beber drive: conducir, conducen, conduzcan, conduzco, conducís, conducimos, conduzca, conduces, conduce, conducid, propulsión drives: conduce, maneja drum: tambor, bidón, el tambor, barril drunk: borracho, bebido, ebrio drunkard: borrachín, borracho drunken: borracho, ebrio dry: seco, secar, enjugar duel: duelo dumb: mudo duty: deber, servicio, obligación, impuesto eager: ansioso, ávido, codicioso earthquake: terremoto, el temblor, el terremoto, sismo easier: mas fácil easily: fácilmente easy: fácil ebbed: bajó ecstasy: éxtasis educated: educado, instruido eh: cómo eighties: ochenta, años ochenta elements: elementos, abecé, alfabeto eloquence: elocuencia eloquent: elocuente elusive: evasivo, huidizo empty: vacío, vaciar, evacuar, desocupado, desocupar encore: bis encumbered: estorbado enemy: enemigo energy: energía, virtud ennui: saciedad, tedio, aburrimiento, cansancio, hastío, fastido, desgano enraptured: arrebatado enslaved: esclavizado ent: finalizó entered: entrado, inscrito, montado enthusiasm: entusiasmo enthusiastically: entusiásticamente, entusiasmadamente, calurosamente, entusiastamente, aficionadamente, firmemente entitled: entitulado, tiene derecho, permitido, intitulado, con derecho, autorizado, acreedor epoch: época equal: igual essential: esencial, necesario estate: finca, granja, propiedad, herencia, hacienda, patrimonio evening: tarde, noche, anochecer ever-increasing: cada vez mayor

Swan Song everybody: todos, cada uno, cada, todo el mundo, todo evil: mal, malo, malvado exclaim: exclamar, exclamáis, exclamo, exclamen, exclamas, exclamamos, exclamad, exclama, exclaman, exclame exercised: ejercitado exiled: exiliado, expatriado, desterrado exist: existir, existimos, existid, existo, existen, existe, existan, existes, existís, exista existence: existencia explained: explicado expressing: expresando expression: expresión exquisitely: exquisitamente, primorosamente failed: fracasado, no satisfactorio, fallado failing: fracaso, falta failure: fallo, fracaso, bancarrota quiebra, avería, falla, aborto, falta faith: fe, la fe fall: caer, os caéis, cáedos, se caen, se cae, te caes, caígase, cáete, caíganse, me caigo, nos caemos falls: se cae, decrece, derriba fame: fama, hambre, conocimientos, la fama, gloria farce: farsa farewell: adiós, despedida farthest: más lejanamente, a distancia, a lo lejos, a lo más, lejano, lejos, a la mayor distancia, más, más lejano, más lejos, remotamente fascination: fascinación fate: destino, suerte, sino, hado faults: desperfecto, fallas favourite: favorito feet: los pies, pies fell: talar, derribar few: pocos fields: campos finally: finalmente, al fin, por fin fine: multa, fino, multar, excelente, bonito, delgado, bien, estupendo, bueno finger: dedo, el dedo, tocar, manga fire: fuego, incendio, despedir, disparar, el fuego, tirar, animar, incitar, lumbre, hacer fuego, encender fish: pez, pescado, pescar, el pescado, pescados, peces, el pez fishing: pesca, pesquero fit: adaptar, acomodar, ajustar, apoplejía, ajuste, caber, ataque, en forma, encajar fixed: fijo, fijado, reparado flash: destello, llamarada, centella,

rebaba, fogonazo, relampaguear, destellar flashes: bocadillos, intermitentes flashy: relumbrante flat: plano, llano, apartamento, piso, liso, bemol, bastidor, desinflado, cuarto floor: piso, suelo, el suelo, pavimento flue: humero, conducto, trasmallo, chimenea fly: volar, voláis, vuelen, vuele, vuelas, volamos, vuela, volad, vuelan, vuelo, mosca folk: pueblo, población, gente followed: seguido fool: engañar, necio, tonto foolish: zote, tonto, necio, bobo foolishness: tontería, idiotez foot: pie, pata, el pie, pujamen foreshadows: presagia forest: bosque, el bosque, selva forget: olvidar, olvidan, olviden, olvidas, olvidamos, olvidáis, olvidad, olvida, olvide, olvido, olvidarse forgotten: olvidado forms: formas, Formularios forth: adelante forty-five: cuarenta y cinco, curenta y cinco forward: adelante, delantero, reenviar, hacia delante, enviar, remitir, hacia adelante fourteen: catorce fragile: frágil frequent: frecuente, frecuentar freshness: frescura fret: traste fright: espanto, susto, miedo, angustia, terror frighten: espantar, espantad, espanta, espantáis, espantamos, espantan, espantas, espanten, asustar, espante, espanto fully: completamente funny: cómico, divertido, chistoso, gracioso gaiety: alegría gaily: alegremente gallows: horca games: juegos gasped: jadeado gathered: reunido, reunió gathering: recolección, reunión gay: alegre, homosexual genius: genio, ingenio ghosts: duende, fantasma, imágenes fantasma, espectro, fantasmas gipsy: gitano girl: muchacha, chica, niña, la muchacha gives: da

Anton Chekhov giving: dando gladly: alegremente glance: mirada, vistazo, ojeada gloom: oscuridad, melancolía, tristeza glorious: glorioso, famoso glow: resplandecer, resplandor goes: va, marcha gone: ido, marchado good-natured: amable, bonito, gracioso govern: gobernar, gobiernen, gobiernas, gobiernan, gobierna, gobernamos, gobernáis, gobernad, gobierne, gobierno, capitanear graceful: gracioso, elegante, airoso, garboso gracious: cortés graduated: graduado grandfather: abuelo, el abuelo granny: abuela, abuelita grave: tumba, grave, crítico, sepulcro greatest: máximo, máxima grey: gris, pardo greyness: canicie grip: gripe, asir, agarrar, coger, agarre, apretar, empuñar grow: crecer, crecen, crezco, crece, creced, crecemos, crezcan, crecéis, creces, crezca, cultivar growing: creciendo, aumentando, creciente, crecimiento gruesome: horrible, abominable, horroroso, repugnante habit: costumbre, hábito, resabio, mala costumbre hamlet: pueblecito, aldea, caserío handsome: guapo, bonito, bien parecido hang: colgar hanged: colgar, ahorcado, continuar, caída, colgó haphazard: fortuito, casual, al azar happiness: felicidad, alegría, dicha happy: feliz, alegre, contento hard: duro, difícil, tieso hard-worked: trillado, redicho harmony: armonía harsh: áspero, severo, brusco, bronco, duro haughty: orgulloso, altivo, altanero haven't: no tener hay: heno headlong: precipitado hear: oír, oigan, oyes, oyen, oye, oís, oigo, oíd, oímos, oiga heard: oído heart: corazón, cogollo heaven: cielo heavens: cielo, cielos heavily: pesadamente, fuertemente heir: heredero

held: tuvo lugar, sostuvo helpless: desvalido, impotente helplessly: impotentemente, desvalidamente, imposibilitadamente hero: héroe honour: honor, homenaje hope: esperanza, esperar, espera, espere, esperen, esperas, esperan, esperamos, esperáis, esperad, espero hour: hora, la hora human: humano humanity: humanidad humorous: humorístico, cómico humour: humor humourist: humorista, persona chistosa, bromista hundred: ciento, cien, centenar idealistic: idealista idiot: idiota, bobo, estúpido idiotic: idiota, tonto idleness: ociosidad ill: enfermo, malo, doliente ill-fated: fatal, desafortunado illness: enfermedad i'm: soy imagine: figurarse, imaginar, imaginad, imaginen, imagine, imaginas, imaginan, imagino, imaginamos, imagináis, imagina immediate: inmediato immense: inmenso immortal: inmortal, imperecedero importance: importancia impressed: impresionado impression: impresión impressionable: impresionable improve: mejorar, mejora, mejore, mejoran, mejoramos, mejoráis, mejorad, mejoren, mejoro, mejoras incorrigible: incorregible increase: aumentar, ampliación, acrecentar, incremento, aumento incredible: increíble incurred: incurrido indeed: verdaderamente, en efecto, de veras, en realidad, efectivamente inevitable: inevitable inexperience: inexperiencia influence: influencia, influir en, influir, influenciar innocent: inocente, inculpable, el inocente inside: dentro, dentro de, interior, adentro, en, por, interna insight: perspicacia, revelación instance: instancia, ejemplo, ejemplar instant: momento, instante, momentito, instantáneo instead: en cambio instrument: instrumento, escritura, documento

23 intelligence: inteligencia intense: violento, intenso, fuerte interests: intereses interpretation: interpretación intolerable: intolerable intoxicated: ebrio, intoxicado, borracho, aturdido introduction: introducción, preámbulo, presentación invading: invadiendo irksome: tedioso, emporroso, fastidioso, molesto island: isla, la isla january: enero jesting: chistes, dichos, en broma, chistoso, chanzas, bromas, bromeando, burlón, guasón jewess: judía joke: bromear, broma, burla, chanza, chiste, la broma, chasco, chancear journey: viaje, viajar keenly: afiladamente, agudamente, de modo penetrante, perspicazmente kindness: amabilidad, la bondad king: rey, el rey kingdom: reino kiss: besar, beso, besarse kitchen: cocina, la cocina knees: rodillas knowledge: conocimiento, saber lad: muchacho, chico laid: puesto, colocado, recostado, acostado lake: lago, el lago, laca lasted: Durado laughed: Reído laughing: riendo laughter: risa, la risa, carcajada lawful: lícito, legal lay: poner, colocar, coloque, colocamos, pongan, ponga, pones, ponen, ponemos, ponéis, poned leading: guiando, conduciendo, dirigiendo least: menos, mínimo, menor leaving: saliendo, dejando led: guiado, conducido, dirigido lemon: limón, el limón lend: prestar, presto, preste, presten, prestas, prestan, prestamos, prestáis, prestad, presta letters: letras letting: alquilando, dejando lie: mentir, mentira, yacer, estar tendido, embuste, echarse lifelike: como vivo y real, parecido, que parece vivo, natural light: luz, claro, ligero, encender, alumbrar, débil, liviano, la luz, radiación visible, lámpara, iluminar lights: luces

24 liked: apreciable, estimado, apreciado lines: partida de matrimonio, destino, pauta, especificado de líneas, líneas, papel lips: labios, los labios listen: escuchar, escuche, escucha, escuchas, escuchad, escuchen, escucho, escucháis, escuchamos, escuchan, oír lit: encendido, pret y pp de light, alumbrado, iluminado literary: literario live: vivir, viven, vive, vivo, vivan, vivís, vivimos, vives, viva, vivid, habitar lives: Vive, habita living: viviendo, habitando, vivo, viviente locked: estén aseguradas, cerrado, bloqueado, protegido loneliness: soledad, la soledad lonely: solitario, solo longer: más, más tiempo looks: mira lord: señor, caballero lost: perdido, adelgazado lots: muchos loved: amado, estimado, querido, considerado lovely: hermoso, bonito, encantador, agradable, magnífico, adorable, caro, lindo loves: amor low: bajo, depresión lowest: ínfimo, bajo lying: mentiroso makes: hace, comete, confecciona manager: gerente, director, administrador, gestor, jefe, el gerente manners: modales, educación marred: estropeado married: casado, casada, se casado, conyugal marry: casarse, casar, cásese, se casan, se casa, nos casamos, me caso, te casas, cásense, cásate, cásados master: maestro, amo, dueño, patrón, principal, magister masterly: hábil, magistral matter: materia, asunto, particular, caso, importar meant: pret de mean medicine: medicina, medicamento, la medicina meet: encontrar, encontrad, encuentro, encuentren, encuentre, encuentras, encuentran, encontramos, encontráis, encuentra, quedar mercy: misericordia, compasión

Swan Song merry: alegre middle: medio, centro midnight: medianoche, media noche, la medianoche minute: minuto, el minuto, minuta, menudo miscellaneous: misceláneo, varios, toda clase de mistress: señora modern: moderno modest: modesto moon: luna, la luna morose: malhumorado moscow: Moscú motley: abigarramiento, abigarrado, multicolor mournful: fúnebre mouth: boca, desembocadura, la boca moved: emotiva, movido, emocionado, afectado mummy: momia music: música myself: yo mismo mystery: misterio, el misterio names: nombres, Michael nature: naturaleza, índole, carácter near: cerca, próximo, cerca de, cercano, entrante, casi nearly: casi neck: cuello, el cuello, garganta, pescuezo, cerviz needs: necesidades neighing: relinchos neither: tampoco, ninguno, nadie, ni nineteenth: decimonono noble: hidalgo, noble nobody: nadie, ninguno noise: ruido, alboroto, el ruido noisy: ruidoso, bullicioso nonsense: tontería nor: ni, tampoco note: nota, apuntar, billete, anotar, apunte, anotación, notar novelty: novedad, noticias nowhere: en ninguna parte o: oxígeno obedient: obediente, dócil observations: observaciones observing: observando obstinate: obstinado, contumaz, tozudo occasion: motivo, ocasión, lugar, oportunidad oleanders: adelfa one's: uno, propio onto: encima de, en opened: abierto opening: abriendo, abertura, apertura, entrada, inauguración, abrir opinion: opinión, dictamen, juicio, parecer

oppressed: apretado oppression: opresión oppressive: oprimido, opresivo orchard: huerto, huerta ordinary: ordinario, común organ: órgano original: original originality: originalidad othello: Otelo ought: haber que, deba, deber, haber de outcast: proscrito, paria outer: externo, exterior outlet: salida, toma, desembocadura, toma de corriente overtaking: adelantando, adelantamiento overturned: invertido, trastornado, volcado overwhelming: abrumador, aplastante, enterrando, contundente owing: adeudando, deber, adeudado, deudor, debido painting: pintura, cuadro, la pintura, pintar pale: pálido, palidecer, descolorido paper: papel, documento, el papel, papel pintado, ponencia, tapizar, periódico papers: papeles pardoned: perdonado partly: en parte, parcialmente parts: talento, regiones, piezas, partes passion: pasión passionate: apasionado pathetic: patético patients: paciente, los pacientes peasantry: campesinado peasants: campesinado peculiar: raro penetrated: penetrado performance: rendimiento, representación, actuación, desempeño, función, funcionamiento, cumplimiento periodicals: publicaciones periódicas perish: perecer, perecéis, perezco, perezcan, pereces, perecemos, pereced, perece, perecen, perezca personality: personalidad, índole, naturaleza pervaded: empapado, impregnado, saturado pessimism: pesimismo photograph: fotografía, foto, fotografiar picks: pica picture: imagen, cuadro, grabado, pintura, retrato, el cuadro, reproducción, ilustración, foto pictures: cine, Gráficas piercing: penetrante, agujereando

Anton Chekhov pipe: pipa, cañería, tubo, tubería, conducto, la pipa pit: zanja, pozo, hoyo, foso, fosa, picadura pitch: paso, pez, grado de inclinación, tono, cabeceo, diapasón, altura, brea, pendiente pitiful: lastimoso, deplorable pity: dolerse por, piedad, compadecer a, lástima, compasión play: jugar, jueguen, juega, juegan, juegue, jugad, jugáis, jugamos, juegas, juego, tocar played: jugado, tocado plays: juega, toca plaything: juguete please: por favor, agradar, gustar, complacer, haz el favor, contentar, haz favor pleased: contento pleasure: placer, agrado, gusto, complacencia, el gusto pluck: arrancar, tirón, cortar, desplumar plumed: plumado, con penacho plunge: bucear, zambullida, zambullirse poignant: punzante, conmovedor pomp: pompa pools: las piscinas poor: pobre, malo, deplorable, indigente, miserable poplar: álamo port: puerto, babor, puerta, oporto, portuario portrait: retrato, vertical portrayed: retratado poured: vertido pouring: trasvase, vertir, colada, torrencial practical: práctico practise: practicar praise: alabar, alabanza, elogio, elogiar praising: alabar pray: rezar, rezáis, rezas, rezamos, rezad, reza, recen, rece, rezan, rezo, rogar preach: predicar, prediquen, predica, predicad, predicáis, predicamos, predican, predicas, predico, predique, sermonear prepare: preparar, preparas, prepare, prepara, preparad, preparáis, preparan, preparo, preparen, preparamos, prepararse presence: presencia pretend: fingir, fingimos, finjo, fingís, fingid, finges, fingen, finge, finjan, finja, pretender principal: principal, mandante, comitente, ordenante

probes: sondas produced: producido production: producción, fabricación profane: profano profession: profesión, oficio professional: profesional profoundly: profundamente progress: progreso prompter: apuntador proposal: propuesta, proposición, oferta, pretensión, ofrecimiento protest: protestar, protesta provincial: provinciano provisions: provisiones, comestibles published: publicado pure: puro, limpio puts: pone, mete, coloca quick: rápido, pronto quickened: vivificado, apretado, estimulado, resucitado, acelerado quickly: rápidamente, de prisa, aprisa, pronto quiet: quieto, silencio, tranquilo, calmar, silencioso, sosegar, callado quivered: temblado radiant: resplandeciente, radiante, brillante rage: rabia, furia, furor, ira rain: llover, lluvia, la lluvia rapidity: rapidez rapidly: rápidamente rare: raro rat: rata, la rata rebellion: rebelión recalled: hacer volver, desmarcado, recordar, recordado, llamar de nuevo, recuperar, llamada, desmarcar, recuperado, revocar, revocación received: recibido recover: recuperar, sanar, recupere, sanad, recuperad, recuperáis, recuperamos, recuperan, recuperas, recuperen, recupero recovering: sanando, recuperando, recobrando red: rojo, tinto, encarnado refers: refiere, remite reflecting: reflejando regretfully: sentidamente, con pesar, arrepentidamente, lamentablemente regretted: Lamentado rehearse: ensayar, ensaye, ensayo, ensayáis, ensayen, ensayas, ensayamos, ensayad, ensaya, ensayan relieved: aliviado, relevado, desahogado remain: quedarse, restar, permanecer, restas, resto, reste, restan, restamos, restáis, restad, resta remark: comentario, observación,

25 reparo, censura, nota, notar remarkable: notable remember: recordar, recuerde, recuerdo, recuerdan, recuerdas, recuerden, recordamos, recordad, recordáis, recuerda, acordarse de reply: respuesta, responder, contestación, contestar represented: representado reputation: reputación respectfully: respetuosamente rest: descansar, descanso, resto, detrito, desechos, reposar, reposo restless: inquieto retained: retenido returns: devolver, reembolso, ganancias, devoluciones, cheques y letras devueltos, retorno, rendimiento, remuneración, regreso, ingresos, volver revolution: revolución, vuelta rewritten: pp de rewrite, reordenado, refundido, rehecho, arreglado rewrote: reordenó, pret de rewrite ridiculous: ridículo risen: subido, pp de rise river: río roamed: Vagado rooms: salas rosy: rosado rotundity: rotundidad rough: áspero, crudo, desigual, bronco, brusco, grosero roving: mecha row: remar, fila, turno, hilera, bronca, línea royal: real rubbish: basura, derribos, desechos, detrito ruining: arruinar rules: reglamento, reglas running: corriendo, funcionamiento rushes: copiones russia: Rusia russian: ruso sacred: sagrado, sacro sadness: tristeza salvation: salvación satire: sátira scattered: disperso, esparcido scene: escena, escenario science: ciencia, la ciencia scoundrels: sinvergüenzas sea: mar, el mar seagull: gaviota secured: fijado, asegurado, afianzado seeds: semillas seeing: viendo, serrando seem: parecer, parezca, parecen, parezcan, pareces, parezco, parecemos, parecéis, parece, pareced seemingly: aparentemente

26 sees: Ve, serra seldom: raramente sell: vender, venda, vended, vendo, vendes, venden, vendéis, vende, vendan, vendemos senses: juicio, los sentidos, sentido sensitive: sensible serene: sereno serf: siervo series: serie served: servido setting: puesta, ajuste, escena, configuración, cuajado, escenario settled: despachado seventeen: diecisiete, diez y siete sh: chis, chitón shade: sombra, sombrear, pantalla, matizar, tono, matiz shadows: oscuridad shaking: sacudiendo, sacudida sharply: bruscamente shivering: tiritar shivers: tiritar, tiritona, temblor, temblar, estremecerse, escalofríos, escalofrío shop: tienda, hacer las compras, ir de compras, almacén, taller short: corto, bajo, breve showed: mostrado, pret de show shows: muestra shrill: chillón shroud: mortaja, obenque, protector, protector de contacto sickness: enfermedad silenced: silenciado simple: sencillo, simple simple-hearted: inocente, sencillo simply: simplemente, sencillamente singer: cantor, cantora, cantante, el cantor single: soltero, solo, único, simple, individual sinner: pecador sir: señor sister: hermana, la hermana, cuñada sits: asienta, siente, sopla, empolla, se sienta sitting: sesión, sentada sixteen: dieciséis, diez y seis sixty-eight: sesenta y ocho sketch: boceto, bosquejar, bosquejo, croquis, apunte, dibujo, esbozo skill: destreza, habilidad, arte, agilidad sky: cielo, el cielo slave: esclavo sleep: dormir, duerme, duermes, dormimos, duermen, duermo, dormís, dormid, duerma, duerman, sueño slightingly: despreciativamente slowly: lentamente, despacio

Swan Song smaller: menor smile: sonrisa, sonreír, la sonrisa, sonreírse snoring: ronquidos sobs: solloza soft: blando, suave, tierno, dulce son: hijo, el hijo song: canción, canto soon: pronto, luego sorrow: tristeza, pena, dolor soul: alma, espíritu, ánimo sound: sonido, sonar, ruido, tocar, sano, sondear, legítimo, auscultar, sólido, oscilación acústica, vibración acústica sowing: siembra spare: sobrante, ahorrar, recambio, perdonar speak: hablar, hablamos, hablo, hablas, habláis, hablad, hablen, habla, hablan, hable spend: gastar, gastáis, gastas, gasten, gastad, gasta, gastamos, gastan, gasto, gaste, pasar spent: gastado, pasado spill: derramar, derrame, derramarse, vertido spirit: espíritu spirits: alcohol spit: escupir, asador, saliva, salivar spite: rencor splitting: división, fraccionamiento spoke: decir, radio, rayo, raya, radioactivo, rayo de rueda, hablar, pret de speak, expresar spots: lunares, granos, bienes con entrega inmediata spout: pico squeezed: apretado, exprimido st: santo, SAN, sto, sta, santa, estación, calle stage: escenario, fase, etapa, escena, plataforma, estrado, organizar staging: puesta en escena stagnant: estancado standing: permanente, posición stare: mirar fijamente, mirada fija steed: corcel steppe: estepa steps: pasos stifling: sofocante, ahogante stirring: agitación, conmovedor, emocionante, inspirador, removida, turbulento stone: piedra, la piedra, cálculo stood: pret y pp de stand stool: taburete stop: parar, paran, paras, paren, paráis, parad, paramos, pare, para, paro, parada stops: para, detiene story: historia, piso, cuento, relato, el

cuento strange: extraño, raro, ajeno stranger: forastero, extraño, desconocido strength: fuerza, resistencia, virtud, potencia, fortaleza strings: instrumentos de cuerda, cuerdas struck: pret y pp de strike, golpeado struggling: en apuros, luchar strung: pret y pp de string student: estudiante, alumno, el estudiante subjected: sometido, sujetado subtle: sutil succeeded: conseguido succeeds: consigue success: éxito, acierto, desarrollo succession: sucesión suddenly: de repente, de golpe, repentinamente, de sopetón suffering: sufriendo, padeciendo, sufrimiento suite: juego sulphurous: sulfúreo summer: verano, el verano, estival sunset: puesta del sol, ocaso, puesta de sol superintend: vigilas, supervisas, supervisen, superviso, vigila, vigilad, vigiláis, vigilan, vigilen, vigile, supervisan suppressed: sofocado, suprimido, oprimido sure: seguro, cierto surrendered: rendido surroundings: alrededores swallowed: deglutido, dar crédito a, contener, golondrina, tragado, tragarse, tragar swan: cisne sympathy: simpatía talent: talento, disposición, capacidad, habilidad talents: talentos tales: cuentos talking: hablando, parlante, charlando, hablar tax: impuesto, contribución, tributo, imponer, el impuesto, impositivo, acensuar, gravar, tasa tears: desgarra, rasga tedious: tedioso tedium: tedio telling: contando, relatando, narración tells: cuenta, relata tempted: Tentado tender: tierno, oferta, dulce, subasta, proposición, ofrecer, destajo, licitación, presentar, reproducir, retratar

Anton Chekhov tenderness: ternura terrace: terraza, terraplén, la terraza terror: terror theatre: teatro theme: tema themes: temas thick: grueso, espeso, gordo, denso thou: tú, usted, vosotros, ustedes, vos thousand: mil thread: hilo, rosca, hebra, el hilo threatened: amenazado, conminado threw: pret de throw, Tiró, tiro throat: garganta, la garganta throne: trono thumb: pulgar, el pulgar, dedo pulgar thunder: trueno, tronar, el trueno thy: tu till: caja, hasta que, hasta, a que tinge: tinte tinged: matizó tingling: zumbido, estremecimiento, hormiguear, hormigueo, picar, picazón, zumbar tip: punta, propina, basurero, consejo, escombrera to-day: hoy toil: trabajo, afanar tongues: lenguas top: cima, superficie, parte superior, superior, cumbre torrent: torrente touch: tocar, toque, tacto, palpar, contacto, rozar touched: palpar, tocar, tocado, pulsación, toque, emocionado, conmover, chiflado, alcanzar, tacto, conmovido touching: conmovedor toward: hacia, a towns: pueblos trace: rastro, calcar, impresión, trazar, amojonar, traza, línea, señal, huella, barrido trade: comercio, oficio, negocio, intercambiar tragedian: trágico tragedy: tragedia tragic: trágico tranquil: tranquilo, sosegado transition: transición tree: árbol trembles: tiembla trials: juicios trips: viajes trivial: trivial troops: efectivos, tropas trouble: molestar, prueba, inconveniente, incomodar, molestia, perturbación, problema, dificultad, avería, esfuerzo truth: verdad, veras, la verdad

turkish: turco turning: girando, volviendo, trastornando turns: gira, vuelve, trastorna twenty: veinte twilight: crepúsculo, anochecer ugh: uf, puf, fu ultimate: último unaffected: sincero, sencillo, natural, inalterado, inafectado, impasible unanimous: unánime uncle: tío understand: entender, entiendes, entienda, entiendan, entendemos, entendéis, entended, entienden, entiendo, entiende, comprender understanding: entendiendo, comprendiendo, comprensión, relación, inteligencia, entendimiento, comprensivo, acuerdo understood: entendido, comprendido unexpected: inesperado, imprevisto ungrateful: desagradecido, ingrato unhappy: infeliz, triste university: universidad, la universidad, universitario unmannerly: mal educado unsuccessful: fracasado untiring: incansable, infatigable unworthy: indigno, desmerecedor upper: superior, alto urging: instar useless: inútil, inservible usual: común, general, universal, acostumbrado, habitual utterance: declaración vague: vago vale: valle, de Valle, Ir Por Una Valle value: valor, valorar, estimar, tasar, apreciar variegated: abigarrado veins: nervadura verge: lisera, borde village: aldea, pueblo, el pueblo, caserío violently: violentamente virtue: virtud visible: visible visits: visita vitality: vitalidad vivid: vívido, gráfico vividly: vivamente, vívidamente, intensamente, enérgicamente, súbitamente, de modo pintoresco, con rasgos enérgicos vodka: el vodka, vodka wait: esperar, espera, espere, esperad, espero, esperen, esperas, esperan, esperamos, esperáis, aguardar wake: estela, despertar walked: andado, Caminado

27 walks: anda, camina wander: desviarse, vagar, vago, fluctuación lenta de fase, vague, errar, vagamos, vaga, vagáis, vagan, vagas ward: pupilo warm: caliente, caluroso, calentar, cálido warning: aviso, avisando, advertencia, advirtiendo, amonestación weak: débil, flojo weakness: debilidad wearily: hastiadamente, fatigadamente, cansadamente, fastidiosamente, fatigosamente, abrumadoramente weary: cansado, fatigado weeks: semanas weeps: llora well-nigh: casi western: occidental whisper: cuchichear, cuchicheo, susurrar, susurro, murmurar whither: adónde, adonde whom: quien, quién, que whose: cuyo, cuya wife: esposa, mujer, la esposa wild: fiero, salvaje, silvestre willing: dispuesto, deseoso wind: viento, serpentear, el viento, enrollar, devanar wine: vino, el vino wise: sabio, sensato, guisa wit: ingenio withdraw: retirar, retiro, retire, retira, retiras, retiren, retiran, retiramos, retiráis, retirad, quitar witty: ingenioso woke: pret de wake, Despertó won: Ganado worked: trabajo worker: trabajador, obrero, laborante works: fábrica, obras worship: adorar, adoración, culto, veneración wreathes: ciñe, enguirnalda, enrosca, trenza wreck: naufragio, desbaratar write: escribir, escriba, escriban, escribo, escribís, escribimos, escribid, escribes, escribe, escriben writer: autor, escritor writes: escribe writing: escribiendo, escritura, letra, inscripción written: escrito wrote: escribió yonder: allí, ahí, aquel youth: juventud, joven, jóvenes, adolescencia youthful: juvenil, joven

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Swan Song

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