Swan Song (Webster's French Thesaurus Edition)

Swan Song Webster's French Thesaurus Edition

for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Anton Chekhov Translation and Introduction by Marian Fell

TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

Swan Song Webster's French Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Anton Chekhov Translation and Introduction by Marian Fell

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

ii ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com Swan Song: Webster's French Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-26214-2

iii

Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR ........................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 2 PRINCIPAL WORKS OF ANTON CHEKHOV ..................................................................... 9 PERSONS REPRESENTED ............................................................................................ 10 THE SWAN SONG ......................................................................................................... 11 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 20

Anton Chekhov

1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running English-to-French thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Swan Song by Anton Chekhov was edited for three audiences. The first includes Frenchspeaking students enrolled in an English Language Program (ELP), an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) program, an English as a Second Language Program (ESL), or in a TOEFL® or TOEIC® preparation program. The second audience includes English-speaking students enrolled in bilingual education programs or French speakers enrolled in English speaking schools. The third audience consists of students who are actively building their vocabularies in French in order to take 1 foreign service, translation certification, Advanced Placement® (AP®) or similar examinations. By using the Webster's French Thesaurus Edition when assigned for an English course, the reader can enrich their vocabulary in anticipation of an examination in French or English. Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of difficult and potentially ambiguous English words. Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority compared to “difficult, yet commonly used” words. Rather than supply a single translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in French, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of English, and avoid them using the notes as a pure translation crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not translated on a page, chances are that it has been translated on a previous page. A more complete glossary of translations is supplied at the end of the book; translations are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. 1

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Swan Song

INTRODUCTION ANTON %CHEKHOV THE last years of the nineteenth century were for Russia tinged with doubt and gloom. The high-tide of vitality that had risen during the Turkish war ebbed in the early eighties, leaving behind it a dead level of apathy which lasted until life was again quickened by the high interests of the Revolution. During these grey years the lonely country and stagnant provincial towns of Russia buried a peasantry which was enslaved by want and toil, and an educated upper class which was enslaved by idleness and tedium. Most of the "Intellectuals," with no outlet for their energies, were content to forget their ennui in vodka and cardplaying; only the more idealistic gasped for air in the stifling atmosphere, crying out in despair against life as they saw it, and looking forward with a pathetic hope to happiness for humanity in "two or three hundred years." It is the inevitable tragedy of their existence, and the pitiful humour of their surroundings, that are portrayed with such insight and sympathy by Anton Chekhov who is, perhaps, of modern writers, the dearest to the Russian people. Anton Chekhov was born in the old Black Sea port of Taganrog on January 17, 1860. His grandfather had been a serf; his father married a merchant's daughter and settled in Taganrog, where, during Anton's boyhood, he carried on a small and unsuccessful trade in provisions. The young Chekhov was soon

French apathy: apathie, abattement. boyhood: enfance. despair: désespoir, désespérer. ennui: ennui. enslaved: asservi, asservîmes, asservirent, asservit, asservîtes, asservis. gloom: mélancolie, obscurité. grandfather: aïeul. humanity: humanité. idealistic: idéaliste. idleness: oisiveté, désœuvrement.

insight: perspicacité. lasted: duré. outlet: sortie, exutoire, débouché, évacuation, issue, prise de courant. pathetic: pathétique. peasantry: paysannerie, paysans. pitiful: pitoyable, pauvre, misérable, malheureux, lamentable. portrayed: peignit, peignîtes, peignirent, peignîmes, peignis, peint. quickened: accélérâmes, hâtâtes, hâtas, hâta, hâtâmes, hâtèrent, hâtai,

accéléré, accéléras, accélérai, accéléra. serf: serf. stagnant: stagnant. stifling: étouffant. surroundings: alentours, abords, environs. tedium: ennui. tinged: teinté. toil: travailler dur, labeur. unsuccessful: infructueux. vitality: vitalité. vodka: vodka.

Anton Chekhov

3

impressed into the services of the large, poverty-stricken family, and he spoke regretfully in after years of his hard-worked childhood. But he was obedient and good-natured, and worked cheerfully in his father's shop, closely observing the idlers that assembled there, and gathering the drollest stories, which he would afterward whisper in class to his laughing schoolfellows. Many were the punishments which he incurred by this habit, which was incorrigible.% His grandfather had now become manager of an estate near Taganrog, in the wild steppe country of the Don Cossacks, and here the boy spent his summers, fishing in the river, and roving about the countryside as brown as a gipsy, sowing the seeds of that love for nature which he retained all his life. His evenings he liked best to spend in the kitchen of the master's house among the work people and peasants who gathered there, taking part in their games, and setting them all laughing by his witty and telling observations. When Chekhov was about fourteen, his father moved the family to Moscow, leaving Anton in Taganrog, and now, relieved of work in the shop, his progress at school became remarkable. At seventeen he wrote a long tragedy, which was afterward destroyed, and he already showed flashes of the wit that was soon to blaze into genius. He graduated from the high school at Taganrog with every honour, entered the University of Moscow as a student of medicine, and threw himself headlong into a double life of student and author, in the attempt to help his struggling family. His first story appeared in a Moscow paper in 1880, and after some difficulty he secured a position connected with several of the smaller periodicals, for which, during his student years, he poured forth a succession of short stories and sketches of Russian life with incredible rapidity. He wrote, he tells us, during every spare minute, in crowded rooms where there was "no light and less air," and never spent more than a day on any one story. He also wrote at this time a very stirring blood-and-thunder play which was suppressed by the censor, and the fate of which is not known.

French afterward: après, plus tard. blaze: flamme, feu, flamber. censor: censurer, censeur. cheerfully: de manière gaie, de façon gaie. gathering: réunion, ramassage, rassemblement, cueillage, roulage. gipsy: bohémien, gitan. graduated: gradué. headlong: la tête la première. idlers: grains légers. incurred: encourûmes, encourûtes,

encourut, encourus, encouru, encoururent. obedient: obéissant, docile. observing: observant, respectant, remplissant. periodicals: périodiques. punishments: punitions. rapidity: rapidité. regretfully: de manière plein de regrets, de façon plein de regrets. roving: mèche. sketches: croquis.

sowing: semis, ensemencement. steppe: steppe. stirring: agitation. summers: étés. suppressed: étouffé, étouffa, étouffèrent, étouffâtes, étouffas, étouffai, étouffâmes, réprima, réprimai, réprimâmes, réprimas. whisper: chuchoter, chuchotement, murmurer. wit: esprit. witty: spirituel, fin, mental.

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His audience demanded laughter above all things, and, with his deep sense of the ridiculous, Chekhov asked nothing better. His stories, though often based on themes profoundly tragic, are penetrated by the light and subtle satire that has won him his reputation as a great humourist. But though there was always a smile on his lips, it was a tender one, and his sympathy with suffering often brought his laughter near to tears.% This delicate and original genius was at first subjected to harsh criticism, which Chekhov felt keenly, and Trigorin's description in "The Sea-Gull" of the trials of a young author is a cry from Chekhov's own soul. A passionate enemy of all lies and oppression, he already foreshadows in these early writings the protest against conventions and rules, which he afterward put into Treplieff's reply to Sorin in "The Sea-Gull": "Let us have new forms, or else nothing at all." In 1884 he took his degree as doctor of medicine, and decided to practise, although his writing had by now taken on a professional character. He always gave his calling a high place, and the doctors in his works are drawn with affection and understanding. If any one spoke slightingly of doctors in his presence, he would exclaim: "Stop! You don't know what country doctors do for the people!" Chekhov fully realised later the influence which his profession had exercised on his literary work, and sometimes regretted the too vivid insight it gave him, but, on the other hand, he was able to write: "Only a doctor can know what value my knowledge of science has been to me," and "It seems to me that as a doctor I have described the sicknesses of the soul correctly." For instance, Trigorin's analysis in "The Sea-Gull" of the state of mind of an author has well been called "artistic diagnosis." The young doctor-writer is described at this time as modest and grave, with flashes of brilliant gaiety. A son of the people, there was in his face an expression that recalled the simple-hearted village lad; his eyes were blue, his glance full of intelligence and kindness, and his manners unaffected and simple. He was an untiring worker, and between his patients and his desk he led a life of ceaseless activity. His restless mind was dominated by a passion of energy and he thought

French affection: affection, amour. ceaseless: incessant. exclaim: exclamer, exclames, exclame, exclamez, exclamons, exclament, s'exclamer. exercised: exercé. foreshadows: présage. gaiety: gaieté. genius: génie. keenly: de manière vive, de façon vive. kindness: amabilité, bonté, gentillesse,

aménité. manners: moeurs. oppression: abus d'autorité, oppression. passionate: passionné. penetrated: pénétras, pénétrâtes, pénétrâmes, pénétrèrent, pénétra, pénétrai, pénétré. practise: exercer, instruire, pratiquer. profoundly: profondément, de manière profonde, de façon profonde.

regretted: regretté. restless: agité, remuant. satire: satire. sicknesses: maladies. slightingly: de façon de dédaine. tender: offre, tendre, adjudication, doux, tender, annexe, offrir, présenter, proposition, gentil, suave. tragic: tragique. unaffected: naturel, simple. untiring: inlassable. vivid: vif.

Anton Chekhov

5

continually and vividly. Often, while jesting and talking, he would seem suddenly to plunge into himself, and his look would grow fixed and deep, as if he were contemplating something important and strange. Then he would ask some unexpected question, which showed how far his mind had roamed.% Success was now rapidly overtaking the young author; his first collection of stories appeared in 1887, another one in the same year had immediate success, and both went through many editions; but, at the same time, the shadows that darkened his later works began to creep over his light-hearted humour. His impressionable mind began to take on the grey tinge of his time, but much of his sadness may also be attributed to his ever-increasing ill health. Weary and with an obstinate cough, he went south in 1888, took a little cottage on the banks of a little river "abounding in fish and crabs," and surrendered himself to his touching love for nature, happy in his passion for fishing, in the quiet of the country, and in the music and gaiety of the peasants. "One would gladly sell one's soul," he writes, "for the pleasure of seeing the warm evening sky, and the streams and pools reflecting the darkly mournful sunset." He described visits to his country neighbours and long drives in gay company, during which, he says, "we ate every half hour, and laughed to the verge of colic." His health, however, did not improve. In 1889 he began to have attacks of heart trouble, and the sensitive artist's nature appears in a remark which he made after one of them. "I walked quickly across the terrace on which the guests were assembled," he said, "with one idea in my mind, how awkward it would be to fall down and die in the presence of strangers." It was during this transition period of his life, when his youthful spirits were failing him, that the stage, for which he had always felt a fascination, tempted him to write "Ivanoff," and also a dramatic sketch in one act entitled "The Swan Song," though he often declared that he had no ambition to become a dramatist. "The Novel," he wrote, "is a lawful wife, but the Stage is a noisy, flashy, and insol ent mistress." He has put his opinion of the stage of his day in the mouth of

French contemplating: contemplant. cough: toux, tousser. creep: ramper, fluage, rampons, rampez, rampes, rampent, rampe, traîner, glissement. darkened: foncé, fonças, foncèrent, fonçâtes, fonça, fonçai, fonçâmes, assombrîmes, assombri, assombrirent, assombris. darkly: de façon foncée, de manière foncée. dramatist: dramaturge.

fascination: fascination. flashy: tapageur. gladly: volontiers, avec plaisir, de manière joyeuse, de façon joyeuse. impressionable: impressionnable. jesting: plaisantant, plaisanterie. lawful: légal, légitime, licite. mournful: sombre, morne, triste, mélancolique. obstinate: obstiné, têtu, tenace, entêté. overtaking: dépassant, doublant, dépassement, rattrapage.

plunge: plonger, plongeon, plongée. sadness: tristesse, désolation, affliction, abattement, souci. sketch: esquisse, croquis, esquisser, ébauche. surrendered: rendu. tinge: teinte, nuance. verge: accotement, bord. vividly: de manière vive, de façon vive. weary: las, fatigué. youthful: jeune, juvénile.

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Treplieff, in "The Sea-Gull," and he often refers to it in his letters as "an evil disease of the towns" and "the gallows on which dramatists are hanged." He wrote "Ivanoff " at white-heat in two and a half weeks, as a protest against a play he had seen at one of the Moscow theatres. Ivanoff (from Ivan, the commonest of Russian names) was by no means meant to be a hero, but a most ordinary, weak man oppressed by the "immortal commonplaces of life," with his heart and soul aching in the grip of circumstance, one of the many "useless people" of Russia for whose sorrow Chekhov felt such overwhelming pity. He saw nothing in their lives that could not be explained and pardoned, and he returns to his ill-fated, "useless people" again and again, not to preach any doctrine of pessimism, but simply because he thought that the world was the better for a certain fragile beauty of their natures and their touching faith in the ultimate salvation of humanity.% Both the writing and staging of "Ivanoff" gave Chekhov great difficulty. The characters all being of almost equal importance, he found it hard to get enough good actors to take the parts, but it finally appeared in Moscow in 1889, a decided failure! The author had touched sharply several sensitive spots of Russian life--for instance, in his warning not to marry a Jewess or a bluestocking--and the play was also marred by faults of inexperience, which, however, he later corrected. The critics were divided in condemning a certain novelty in it and in praising its freshness and originality. The character of Ivanoff was not understood, and the weakness of the man blinded many to the lifelike portrait. Chekhov himself was far from pleased with what he called his "literary abortion," and rewrote it before it was produced again in St. Petersburg. Here it was received with the wildest applause, and the morning after its performance the papers burst into unanimous praise. The author was enthusiastically feted, but the burden of his growing fame was beginning to be very irksome to him, and he wrote wearily at this time that he longed to be in the country, fishing in the lake, or lying in the hay.

French aching: endolori. applause: applaudissement, applaudissements, acclamation. blinded: aveuglai, aveuglâmes, aveugla, ébloui, éblouis, éblouîtes, éblouîmes, aveuglèrent, aveuglâtes, éblouirent, aveuglas. circumstance: circonstance. condemning: condamnant. corrected: corrigé. enthusiastically: de manière enthousiaste, de façon enthousiaste.

freshness: fraîcheur. gallows: potence, gibet. inexperience: inexpérience. irksome: ennuyeux. marred: gâtas, gâtèrent, gâtâtes, gâtâmes, gâtai, gâta, gâté. novelty: nouveauté. oppressed: opprimé, opprimâtes, opprimas, serré, serrâtes, serras, serrâmes, serrai, opprimèrent, serrèrent, opprimai. originality: originalité.

pardoned: pardonné. pessimism: pessimisme. preach: prêcher, prêches, prêchons, prêchez, prêchent, prêche. rewrote: récrivîtes, récrivit, récrivis, récrivîmes, récrivirent. sorrow: abattement, chagrin. staging: mise en scène. theatres: théâtres. unanimous: unanime. wearily: de manière lasse, de façon lasse.

Anton Chekhov

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His next play to appear was a farce entitled "The Boor," which he wrote in a single evening and which had a great success. This was followed by "The Demon," a failure, rewritten ten years later as "Uncle Vanya." All Russia now combined in urging Chekhov to write some important work, and this, too, was the writer's dream; but his only long story is "The Steppe," which is, after all, but a series of sketches, exquisitely drawn, and strung together on the slenderest connecting thread. Chekhov's delicate and elusive descriptive power did not lend itself to painting on a large canvas, and his strange little tragicomedies of Russian life, his "Tedious Tales," as he called them, were always to remain his masterpieces.% In 1890 Chekhov made a journey to the Island of Saghalien, after which his health definitely failed, and the consumption, with which he had long been threatened, finally declared itself. His illness exiled him to the Crimea, and he spent his last ten years there, making frequent trips to Moscow to superintend the production of his four important plays, written during this period of his life. "The Sea-Gull" appeared in 1896, and, after a failure in St. Petersburg, won instant success as soon as it was given on the stage of the Artists' Theatre in Moscow. Of all Chekhov's plays, this one conforms most nearly to our Western conventions, and is therefore most easily appreciated here. In Trigorin the author gives us one of the rare glimpses of his own mind, for Chekhov seldom put his own personality into the pictures of the life in which he took such immense interest. In "The Sea-Gull" we see clearly the increase of Chekhov's power of analysis, which is remarkable in his next play, "The Three Sisters," gloomiest of all his dramas. "The Three Sisters," produced in 1901, depends, even more than most of Chekhov's plays, on its interpretation, and it is almost essential to its appreciation that it should be seen rather than read. The atmosphere of gloom with which it is pervaded is a thousand times more intense when it comes to us across the foot-lights. In it Chekhov probes the depths of human life with so sure a touch, and lights them with an insight so piercing, that the play made a deep

French appreciated: apprécié, appréciâtes, apprécias, apprécièrent, appréciâmes, appréciai, apprécia, aimèrent, aimé, aimâtes, aimas. canvas: canevas, toile. conforms: conforme. connecting: connectant, branchant, abouchant, raccordant, alliant, nouant. depths: profondeurs. descriptive: descriptif. dramas: drames.

elusive: insaisissable. exiled: exilé. exquisitely: de manière exquise, de façon exquise. farce: farce. glimpses: entrevoit. gloomiest: le plus sombre. lend: prêter, prête, prêtes, prêtez, prêtent, prêtons, emprunter, empruntes, empruntez, empruntons, empruntent. pervaded: imprégnèrent, imprégna,

imprégnai, imprégnâmes, imprégnas, imprégnâtes, imprégné. piercing: perçant. probes: scrute, sonde. rewritten: récrit. superintend: diriger, diriges, surveillons, surveillez, surveilles, surveillent, dirigez, dirigeons, dirigent, dirige, surveille. thread: fil, filet, enfiler, fileter, filetage. trips: voyages. urging: exhortant.

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impression when it appeared. This was also partly owing to the masterly way in which it was acted at the Artists' Theatre in Moscow. The theme is, as usual, the greyness of provincial life, and the night is lit for his little group of characters by a flash of passion so intense that the darkness which succeeds it seems well-nigh intolerable.% "Uncle Vanya" followed "The Three Sisters," and the poignant truth of the picture, together with the tender beauty of the last scene, touched his audience profoundly, both on the stage and when the play was afterward published. "The Cherry Orchard" appeared in 1904 and was Chekhov's last play. At its production, just before his death, the author was feted as one of Russia's greatest dramatists. Here it is not only country life that Chekhov shows us, but Russian life and character in general, in which the old order is giving place to the new, and we see the practical, modern spirit invading the vague, aimless existence so dear to the owners of the cherry orchard. A new epoch was beginning, and at its dawn the singer of old, dim Russia was silenced. In the year that saw the production of "The Cherry Orchard," Chekhov, the favourite of the Russian people, whom Tolstoi declared to be comparable as a writer of stories only to Maupassant, died suddenly in a little village of the Black Forest, whither he had gone a few weeks before in the hope of recovering his lost health. Chekhov, with an art peculiar to himself, in scattered scenes, in haphazard glimpses into the lives of his characters, in seemingly trivial conversations, has succeeded in so concentrating the atmosphere of the Russia of his day that we feel it in every line we read, oppressive as the mists that hang over a lake at dawn, and, like those mists, made visible to us by the light of an approaching day.

French aimless: sans but. approaching: approchant. cherry: cerise. concentrating: concentrant. dim: faible, sombre, obscur, brouiller, rendre confus, rendre trouble. epoch: époque. flash: flash, éclat, clignoter, éclair, bavure. greyness: leucie, chair. haphazard: au petit bonheur, au hasard.

invading: envahissant. lit: alluma, allumai. masterly: magistral. mists: brumes. oppressive: étouffant, accablant, oppressif. orchard: verger, fruitier. owing: devant, dû. peculiar: étrange, singulier, drôle, particulier. poignant: intense. recovering: récupérant, recouvrant.

scattered: dispersé, dispersâmes, dispersèrent, dispersas, dispersai, dispersa, dispersâtes, répandu, répandîtes, répandit, répandis. seemingly: apparemment, de manière paraissante, de façon paraissante. singer: chanteur, chanteuse. succeeds: réussit, succède, aboute, succéde. trivial: insignifiant, banal. vague: vague, imprécis, flou. whither: où.

Anton Chekhov

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PRINCIPAL %WORKS OF ANTON CHEKHOV

PLAYS "The Swan Song" 1889 "The Proposal" 1889 "Ivanoff " 1889 "The Boor" 1890 "The SeaGull" 1896 "The Tragedian in Spite of Himself" 1899 "The Three Sisters" 1901 "Uncle Vanya" 1902 "The Cherry Orchard" 1904

NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES "Humorous Folk" 1887 "Twilight, and Other Stories" 1887 "Morose Folk" 1890 "Variegated Tales" 1894 "Old Wives of Russia" 1894 "The Duel" 1895 "The Chestnut Tree" 1895 "Ward Number Six" 1897

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES "The Island of Saghalien" 1895 "Peasants" 1898 "Life in the Provinces" 1898 "Children" 1899

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PERSONS

%REPRESENTED

VASILI SVIETLOVIDOFF, a comedian, 68 years old NIKITA IVANITCH, a prompter, an old man

French comedian: comédien, comique. prompter: souffleur.

Anton Chekhov

THE

%SWAN

11

SONG

[The scene is laid on the stage of a country theatre, at night, after the play. To the right a row of rough, unpainted doors leading into the dressing-rooms. To the left and in the background the stage is encumbered with all sorts of rubbish. In the middle of the stage is an overturned stool.] SVIETLOVIDOFF. [With a candle in his hand, comes out of a dressing-room and laughs] Well, well, this is funny! Here's a good joke! I fell asleep in my dressing-room when the play was over, and there I was calmly snoring after everybody else had left the theatre. Ah! I'm a foolish old man, a poor old dodderer! I have been drinking again, and so I fell asleep in there, sitting up. That was clever! Good for you, old boy! [Calls] Yegorka! Petrushka! Where the devil are you? Petrushka! The scoundrels must be asleep, and an earthquake wouldn't wake them now! Yegorka! [Picks up the stool, sits down, and puts the candle on the floor] Not a sound! Only echos answer me. I gave Yegorka and Petrushka each a tip to-day, and now they have disappeared without leaving a trace behind them. The rascals have gone off and have probably locked up the theatre. [Turns his head about] I'm drunk! Ugh! The play to-night was for my benefit, and it is disgusting to think how much beer and wine I have poured down my throat in honour of the occasion. Gracious! My body is burning all over, and I feel as if I had twenty tongues in my mouth. It is horrid ! Idiotic!

French burning: brûlant, combustion, cuisson, brûlure. calmly: de manière calme, de façon calme. candle: bougie, chandelle, cierge. devil: diable. disgusting: dégoûtant. drinking: buvant. drunk: ivre, bu, soûl. earthquake: tremblement de terre, séisme. encumbered: encombré,

encombrâmes, encombrèrent, encombra, encombrai, encombras, encombrâtes. foolish: sot, idiot, stupide, abracadabrant, insensé. gracious: gracieux. idiotic: idiot, stupide. joke: plaisanterie, badiner, blague, badinage, plaisanter, farce. locked: bloqué, fermé. overturned: chavira, chavirée, chavirâmes, chavirai, chavirées,

renversé. picks: cueille, pique. poured: versé. sits: couve, s'assied, assied. snoring: ronflement, ronflant. stool: tabouret, banquette, escabeau, selles. tongues: langues. trace: trace, tracer, décalquer, calquer, empreinte, impression, trait, piste, retracer. ugh: pouah.

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Swan Song

This %poor old sinner is drunk again, and doesn't even know what he has been celebrating! Ugh! My head is splitting, I am shivering all over, and I feel as dark and cold inside as a cellar! Even if I don't mind ruining my health, I ought at least to remember my age, old idiot that I am! Yes, my old age! It's no use! I can play the fool, and brag, and pretend to be young, but my life is really over now, I kiss my hand to the sixty-eight years that have gone by; I'll never see them again! I have drained the bottle, only a few little drops are left at the bottom, nothing but the dregs. Yes, yes, that's the case, Vasili, old boy. The time has come for you to rehearse the part of a mummy, whether you like it or not. Death is on its way to you. [Stares ahead of him] It is strange, though, that I have been on the stage now for forty-five years, and this is the first time I have seen a theatre at night, after the lights have been put out. The first time. [Walks up to the foot-lights] How dark it is! I can't see a thing. Oh, yes, I can just make out the prompter's box, and his desk; the rest is in pitch darkness, a black, bottomless pit, like a grave, in which death itself might be hiding.... Brr.... How cold it is! The wind blows out of the empty theatre as though out of a stone flue. What a place for ghosts! The shivers are running up and down my back. [Calls] Yegorka! Petrushka! Where are you both? What on earth makes me think of such gruesome things here? I must give up drinking; I'm an old man, I shan't live much longer. At sixty-eight people go to church and prepare for death, but here I am--heavens! A profane old drunkard in this fool's dress--I'm simply not fit to look at. I must go and change it at once.... This is a dreadful place, I should die of fright sitting here all night. [Goes toward his dressing-room; at the same time NIKITA IVANITCH in a long white coat comes out of the dressing-room at the farthest end of the stage. SVIETLOVIDOFF sees IVANITCH--shrieks with terror and steps back] Who are you? What? What do you want? [Stamps his foot] Who are you? IVANITCH. It is I, sir.

French blows: coups, souffle. bottomless: sans fond. brag: fanfaronner, faire le malin, se vanter. celebrating: célébrant, fêtant. cellar: cave, cellier. drained: drainé. dregs: lie, dépôt. drops: drops. drunkard: ivrogne. farthest: le plus loin. flue: carneau, lumière, cheminée, gros

tube. fright: peur, effroi, anxiété, frayeur, terreur. ghosts: image blanche, spectres, fantômes. gruesome: affreux, horrible, terrible, abominable, abject, odieux, hideux, macabre. idiot: idiot. pretend: feindre, feins, feignons, feignent, feignez, prétexter, prétendre, prétextons, prétexte,

prétextent, prétextes. profane: violer. rehearse: répéter, répètent, répétons, répète, répétez, répètes. ruining: ruinant. shivering: Écaillage, tressaillure, frisson, frissonner. shivers: frissons. sinner: pécheur. splitting: division, éclatement, fente. stamps: timbres. toward: vers, en, à, en relation avec.

Anton Chekhov

13

SVIETLOVIDOFF. Who are you? IVANITCH. [Comes slowly toward him] It is I, sir, the prompter, Nikita Ivanitch. It is I, master, it is I! SVIETLOVIDOFF. [Sinks helplessly onto the stool, breathes heavily and trembles violently] Heavens! Who are you? It is you . . . you Nikitushka? What . . . what are you doing here? IVANITCH. I spend my nights here in the dressing-rooms. Only please be good enough not to tell Alexi Fomitch, sir. I have nowhere else to spend the night; indeed, I haven't.% SVIETLOVIDOFF. Ah! It is you, Nikitushka, is it? Just think, the audience called me out sixteen times; they brought me three wreathes and lots of other things, too; they were all wild with enthusiasm, and yet not a soul came when it was all over to wake the poor, drunken old man and take him home. And I am an old man, Nikitushka! I am sixty-eight years old, and I am ill. I haven't the heart left to go on. [Falls on IVANITCH'S neck and weeps] Don't go away, Nikitushka; I am old and helpless, and I feel it is time for me to die. Oh, it is dreadful, dreadful! IVANITCH. [Tenderly and respectfully] Dear master! it is time for you to go home, sir! SVIETLOVIDOFF. I won't go home; I have no home--none! none!--none! IVANITCH. Oh, dear! Have you forgotten where you live? SVIETLOVIDOFF. I won't go there. I won't! I am all alone there. I have nobody, Nikitushka! No

French alone: seul, seulement. audience: audience, auditoire. breathes: respire. die: mourir, mourons, meurent, meurs, mourez, décéder, décède, décédons, décédez, décèdent, décèdes. dreadful: terrible, affreux, épouvantable. drunken: ivre. enthusiasm: enthousiasme. falls: tombe, abat, choit.

forgotten: oublié. heavily: fortement, de façon lourde, de manière lourde, lourdement. helpless: abandonné, impuissant, délaissé, faible. helplessly: de manière impuissante, de façon impuissante. ill: malade, malsain, mal. neck: cou, col, collet, goulot, encolure. nobody: personne, nul. nowhere: nulle part. onto: sur.

respectfully: de manière respectueuse, de façon respectueuse. sixteen: seize. soul: âme. trembles: tremble. violently: violemment, de manière violente, de façon violente. wake: sillage, réveiller, se réveiller, se lever, s'éveiller. weeps: pleure. wild: sauvage. wreathes: tresse, natte, tisse.

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wife--no children. I am like the wind blowing across the lonely fields. I shall die, and no one will remember me. It is awful to be alone--no one to cheer me, no one to caress me, no one to help me to bed when I am drunk. Whom do I belong to? Who needs me? Who loves me? Not a soul, Nikitushka.% IVANITCH. [Weeping] Your audience loves you, master. SVIETLOVIDOFF. My audience has gone home. They are all asleep, and have forgotten their old clown. No, nobody needs me, nobody loves me; I have no wife, no children. IVANITCH. Oh, dear! Oh, dear! Don't be so unhappy about it. SVIETLOVIDOFF. But I am a man, I am still alive. Warm, red blood is tingling in my veins, the blood of noble ancestors. I am an aristocrat, Nikitushka; I served in the army, in the artillery, before I fell as low as this, and what a fine young chap I was! Handsome, daring, eager! Where has it all gone? What has become of those old days? There's the pit that has swallowed them all! I remember it all now. Forty-five years of my life lie buried there, and what a life, Nikitushka! I can see it as clearly as I see your face: the ecstasy of youth, faith, passion, the love of women--women, Nikitushka! IVANITCH. It is time you went to sleep, sir. SVIETLOVIDOFF. When I first went on the stage, in the first glow of passionate youth, I remember a woman loved me for my acting. She was beautiful, graceful as a poplar, young, innocent, pure, and radiant as a summer dawn. Her smile could charm away the darkest night. I remember, I stood before her once, as I am now standing before you. She had never seemed so lovely to me as she did then, and she spoke to me so with her eyes--such a look! I shall never forget it, no, not even in the grave; so tender, so soft, so deep, so bright and

French ancestors: ancêtres. aristocrat: aristocrate, aristo. artillery: artillerie. belong: appartenir, faire partie de, appartenons, appartenez, appartiens, appartiennent. blowing: soufflage, soufflant. caress: caresse, caresser. chap: individu, type, gerçure, gercer. charm: charme, amulette, ravir, charmer, breloque. cheer: acclamation, acclamer,

applaudir. clown: clown. daring: audace, audacieux, hardi, osant, aventurant. dawn: aube, aurore, point du jour. eager: avide, désireux. ecstasy: extase. glow: ardeur, incandescence, brûler, être en feu, lueur. graceful: gracieux, élégant, mignon. grave: tombe, grave, sérieux. handsome: beau.

lonely: solitaire, seul, de manière solitaire, de façon solitaire, isolé. loves: amours, aime. noble: noble, élevé. pit: fosse, noyau, piqûre, trou, centre, fossé, mine, creux, dénoyauter, puits. poplar: peuplier. radiant: rayonnant, radieux. swallowed: avalé. tingling: fourmillement. unhappy: malheureux, mécontent. veins: veines, nervure.

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young! Enraptured, intoxicated, I fell on my knees before her, I begged for my happiness, and she said: "Give up the stage!" Give up the stage! Do you understand? She could love an actor, but marry him--never! I was acting that day, I remember--I had a foolish, clown's part, and as I acted, I felt my eyes being opened; I saw that the worship of the art I had held so sacred was a delusion and an empty dream; that I was a slave, a fool, the plaything of the idleness of strangers. I understood my audience at last, and since that day I have not believed in their applause, or in their wreathes, or in their enthusiasm. Yes, Nikitushka! The people applaud me, they buy my photograph, but I am a stranger to them. They don't know me, I am as the dirt beneath their feet. They are willing enough to meet me . . . but allow a daughter or a sister to marry me, an outcast, never! I have no faith in them, [sinks onto the stool] no faith in them.% IVANITCH. Oh, sir! you look dreadfully pale, you frighten me to death! Come, go home, have mercy on me! SVIETLOVIDOFF. I saw through it all that day, and the knowledge was dearly bought. Nikitushka! After that . . . when that girl . . . well, I began to wander aimlessly about, living from day to day without looking ahead. I took the parts of buffoons and low comedians, letting my mind go to wreck. Ah! but I was a great artist once, till little by little I threw away my talents, played the motley fool, lost my looks, lost the power of expressing myself, and became in the end a Merry Andrew instead of a man. I have been swallowed up in that great black pit. I never felt it before, but to-night, when I woke up, I looked back, and there behind me lay sixty-eight years. I have just found out what it is to be old! It is all over . . . [sobs] . . . all over. IVANITCH. There, there, dear master! Be quiet . . . gracious! [Calls] Petrushka! Yegorka! SVIETLOVIDOFF. But what a genius I was! You cannot imagine what power I had, what

French aimlessly: sans but. applaud: applaudir, applaudissent, applaudis, applaudissez, applaudissons, acclamer, acclamons, acclamez, acclames, acclament, acclame. begged: mendièrent, mendia, mendiai, mendiâmes, mendias, mendiâtes, Mendié. buffoons: bouffons. comedians: comédiens. dearly: de manière chère, de façon

chère. delusion: illusion. dreadfully: de manière terrible, de façon terrible. enraptured: enchantâtes, ravîtes, ravit, ravis, ravirent, ravîmes, ravi, enchanté, enchantas, enchantâmes, enchantai. frighten: effrayer, effraie, effraies, effraient, effrayons, effrayez, redouter, redoutez, redoutons, redoutes, redoutent.

intoxicated: ivre, enivras, enivrâtes, enivrèrent, enivrai, enivra, enivrâmes, enivré, intoxiqué. motley: bariolé, bigarré. outcast: banni, paria, proscrit, exclu, exilé, rejeté. plaything: jouet. wander: errer, errons, erres, errez, errent, erre, vaguer, vague, vaguent, vagues, vaguez. wreck: épave, naufrage, détruire, accident.

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Swan Song

eloquence; %how graceful I was, how tender; how many strings [beats his breast] quivered in this breast! It chokes me to think of it! Listen now, wait, let me catch my breath, there; now listen to this: "The shade of bloody Ivan now returning Fans through my lips rebellion to a flame, I am the dead Dimitri! In the burning Boris shall perish on the throne I claim. Enough! The heir of Czars shall not be seen Kneeling to yonder haughty Polish Queen!" Is that bad, eh? [Quickly] Wait, now, here's something from King Lear. The sky is black, see? Rain is pouring down, thunder roars, lightning--zzz zzz zzz--splits the whole sky, and then, listen: "Blow winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow! You cataracts and hurricanoes spout Till you have drench'd our steeples, drown'd You sulphurous thought-executing fires Vaunt-couriers of oak-cleaving thunderbolts Singe my white head! And thou, all shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity o' the world! Crack nature's moulds, all germons spill at once That make ungrateful man!"

the

cocks!

[Impatiently] Now, the part of the fool. [Stamps his foot] Come take the fool's part! Be quick, I can't wait! IVANITCH. [Takes the part of the fool] "O, Nuncle, court holy-water in a dry house is better than this rain-water out o' door. Good Nuncle, in; ask thy daughter's blessing: here's a night pities neither wise men nor fools."

French blessing: bénédiction, bénissant. breast: poitrine, sein, mamelle, front de taille. cataracts: cataracte. cheeks: joues. chokes: étouffe. crack: fissure, craquer, fente, craquement, fêlure, crevasse, crack, crique, gercer, gerçure, fêler. eloquence: éloquence. haughty: hautain, arrogant. heir: héritier, légataire.

moulds: moisissures. perish: périr, périssons, périssez, périssent, péris, s'abîmer. pouring: coulage, coulée, versant. rage: fureur, rage, furie, tempêter, rager. rebellion: rébellion, révolte. roars: rugit. rotundity: emphase, rotondité. shade: ombre, nuance, teinte, ombrage, ombrager, nuancer, ombrer.

shaking: secouant, ébranlant, ébranlement, secousse. spill: renverser, déversement, fuite. strings: cordes, ficelles, instruments à cordes. sulphurous: sulfureux. thou: tu, vous, toi. throne: trône. thunder: tonnerre, tonner, retenir. thy: ton. ungrateful: ingrat. yonder: là, y.

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SVIETLOVIDOFF. "Rumble thy bellyful! spit, fire! spout, rain! Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters; I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness; I never gave you kingdom, call'd you children." Ah! there is strength, there is talent for you! I'm a great artist! Now, then, here's something else of the same kind, to bring back my youth to me. For instance, take this, from Hamlet, I'll begin . . . Let me see, how does it go? Oh, yes, this is it. [Takes the part of Hamlet] "O! the recorders, let me see one.-- To withdraw with you. Why do you go about to recover the wind of me, as if you would drive me into a toil?"% IVANITCH. "O, my lord, if my duty be too bold, my love is too unmannerly." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "I do not well understand that. Will you play upon this pipe?" IVANITCH. "My lord, I cannot." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "I pray you." IVANITCH. "Believe me, I cannot." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "I do beseech you." IVANITCH. "I know no touch of it, my lord." SVIETLOVIDOFF. " 'Tis as easy as lying: govern these vantages with your finger and thumb,

French artist: artiste. bellyful: ventre plein. beseech: implorer, implore, implorent, implores, implorez, implorons, solliciter, sollicitez, sollicites, sollicitons, sollicite. bold: gras, audacieux, épais, gros, hardi, intrépide. elements: abc, alphabet. finger: doigt, tâter. govern: gouverner, gouvernes, gouverne, gouvernons, gouvernez,

gouvernent, régner, régnez, régnons, règnes, règnent. instance: exemple, instance. kingdom: royaume. lying: menteur, mensonge, gisant. pray: prier, prie, pries, prions, priez, prient. rain: pluie, pleuvoir, la pluie. recorders: enregistreurs. recover: récupérer, récupère, récupères, récupérez, récupérons, récupèrent, recouvrer, recouvre,

recouvres, recouvrez, recouvrons. spit: cracher, vomir, jeter, broche, crachat. spout: bec, bec verseur, trombe. talent: talent, don, aptitude. thumb: pouce. touch: toucher, touche, contact, touchez. withdraw: retirer, retire, retirent, retires, retirez, retirons, décéder, prélever. youth: jeunesse, ado, jeunes.

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give it breath with your mouth, and it will discourse most eloquent music. Look you, these are the stops."% IVANITCH. "But these I cannot command to any utterance of harmony: I have not the skill." SVIETLOVIDOFF. "Why, look you, how unworthy a thing you make of me. You would play upon me; you would seem to know my stops; you would pluck out the heart of my mystery; you would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass; and there is much music, exce llent voice, in this little organ, yet cannot you make it speak. S'blood! Do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Call me what instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play upon me!" [laughs and clasps] Bravo! Encore! Bravo! Where the devil is there any old age in that? I'm not old, that is all nonsense, a torrent of strength rushes over me; this is life, freshness, youth! Old age and genius can't exist together. You seem to be struck dumb, Nikitushka. Wait a second, let me come to my senses again. Oh! Good Lord! Now then, listen! Did you ever hear such tenderness, such music? Sh! Softly; "The moon had set. There was not any Save of the lonely legion'd watch-stars In outer air, and what by fits made Hot oleanders in a rosy Searched by the lamping fly, whose little Went in and out, like passion's bashful hope." [The noise of opening doors is heard] What's that?

light, pale bright vale spark

IVANITCH. There are Petrushka and Yegorka coming back. Yes, you have genius, genius, my master. SVIETLOVIDOFF. [Calls, turning toward the noise] Come here to me, boys! [To IVANITCH] Let

French bashful: timide. bravo: bravo. compass: boussole, compas. discourse: discours. doors: portes. dumb: muet. eloquent: éloquent. encore: bis. fly: mouche, voler, volez, voles, volent, vole, volons, volant. fret: frette. harmony: harmonie.

instrument: instrument. lowest: le plus bas. moon: lune. mystery: mystère. noise: bruit, bruit de fond, tapage, souffle. nonsense: absurdité, bêtise, balivernes. organ: organe, orgue. outer: externe, extérieur. pipe: tuyau, tube, pipe, conduite, retassure.

pluck: cueillir, ramasser, plumer, courage, fressure. rosy: rosé. rushes: épreuves de tournage. stops: arrête, cesse, stoppe, interrompt. struck: frappé. tenderness: tendresse, tendreté. torrent: torrent, flot. unworthy: indigne. utterance: déclaration, expression. vale: vallon, vallée.

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us%go and get dressed. I'm not old! All that is foolishness, nonsense! [laughs gaily] What are you crying for? You poor old granny, you, what's the matter now? This won't do! There, there, this won't do at all! Come, come, old man, don't stare so! What makes you stare like that? There, there! [Embraces him in tears] Don't cry! Where there is art and genius there can never be such things as old age or loneliness or sickness . . . and death itself is half . . . [Weeps] No, no, Nikitushka! It is all over for us now! What sort of a genius am I? I'm like a squeezed lemon, a cracked bottle, and you--you are the old rat of the theatre . . . a prompter! Come on! [They go] I'm no genius, I'm only fit to be in the suite of Fortinbras, and even for that I am too old.... Yes.... Do you remember those lines from Othello, Nikitushka? "Farewell the tranquil mind! Farewell content! Farewell the plumed troops and the big wars That make ambition virtue! O farewell! Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump, The spirit-stirring drum, the ear-piercing fife, The royal banner, and all quality, Pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war!" IVANITCH. Oh! You're a genius, a genius! SVIETLOVIDOFF. And again this: "Away! the moor is dark beneath the moon, Rapid clouds have drunk the last pale beam of even: Away! the gathering winds will call the darkness soon, And profoundest midnight shroud the serene lights of heaven." [They go out together, the curtain falls slowly.]

French ambition: ambition, souhait, aspiration. banner: bannière, drapeau, pavillon, étendard, banderole. beam: poutre, faisceau, rayon, bau, barrot, balancier, ensouple, poutrelle, faisceau électromagnétique, madrier, radio. clouds: nuages. cracked: fêlé. crying: pleurer. curtain: rideau.

drum: tambour, fût. embraces: embrasse. farewell: adieu. foolishness: bêtise, folie, sottise. gaily: de façon gaie, de manière gaie. glorious: glorieux, fameux. granny: mamie. lemon: citron. loneliness: solitude. plumed: empanaché. pomp: pompe, splendeur. rat: rat.

serene: serein, tranquille. shrill: aigu, perçant, strident, criard. shroud: hauban, coiffe, linceul, protecteur de contact, coquille, protecteur, suaire. sickness: maladie. squeezed: serré. stare: dévisager, regard fixe, fixer, regarder fixement, regard. steed: coursier. suite: suite, clique, cortège, escorte. tranquil: tranquille, calme, paisible.

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Swan Song

GLOSSARY abounding: abondant, grouillant, fourmillant aching: endolori acted: agi acting: intérimaire, interprétation activity: activité, occupation, vigueur, besoin d'activité actor: acteur, comédien affection: affection, amour afterward: après, plus tard ah: ah ahead: en avant, devant, auparavant, autrefois aimless: sans but aimlessly: sans but air: air, aérer, mélodie, air de musique, aria, ventiler alive: vivant, en vie allow: permettre, permets, permettons, permettez, permettent, laisser, autoriser, accorder, admettre alone: seul, seulement ambition: ambition, souhait, aspiration analysis: analyse ancestors: ancêtres answer: réponse, répondre, répondez, réplique apathy: apathie, abattement appear: apparaître, apparaissez, apparaissons, apparaissent, apparais, sembler, paraître, avoir l'air de, surgir, comparaître appeared: apparu, apparûtes, apparurent, apparut, apparus, apparûmes appears: apparaît applaud: applaudir, applaudissent, applaudis, applaudissez, applaudissons, acclamer, acclamons, acclamez, acclames, acclament, acclame applause: applaudissement, applaudissements, acclamation appreciated: apprécié, appréciâtes, apprécias, apprécièrent, appréciâmes, appréciai, apprécia,

aimèrent, aimé, aimâtes, aimas appreciation: appréciation, estimation approaching: approchant aristocrat: aristocrate, aristo army: armée, armée militaire art: art artillery: artillerie artist: artiste artistic: artistique artists: artistes ask: demander, demande, demandent, demandons, demandez, demandes, poser une question, prier asleep: endormi assembled: montâmes, montas, montâtes, montèrent, assemblas, assemblâtes, monta, montai, monté, assemblé, assembla ate: mangea, mangeâtes, mangeas, mangeai, mangèrent, mangeâmes atmosphere: atmosphère, ambiance attacks: attaque attempt: tentative, essai, essayer, essayez, essaient, essaies, essaie, essayons, effort, démarche, requête attributed: attribué audience: audience, auditoire author: auteur, écrivain awful: horrible, abominable, hideux, abject, odieux, terrible awkward: maladroit, gênant, embarrassant background: fond, luminance de fond, mouvement propre bad: mauvais, méchant, mal banks: talus, banques banner: bannière, drapeau, pavillon, étendard, banderole based: basé bashful: timide beam: poutre, faisceau, rayon, bau, barrot, balancier, ensouple, poutrelle, faisceau électromagnétique, madrier, radio beats: bat, abat beautiful: beau

beauty: beauté bed: lit, planche, couche, banc beer: bière begged: mendièrent, mendia, mendiai, mendiâmes, mendias, mendiâtes, Mendié begin: commencer, commencez, commences, commence, commencent, commençons, débuter, débute, débutent, débutes, débutez beginning: début, commençant, commencement, débutant, inauguration believed: cru, crûtes, crut, crurent, crûmes, crus bellyful: ventre plein belong: appartenir, faire partie de, appartenons, appartenez, appartiens, appartiennent beneath: sous, dessous benefit: avantage, bénéfice, prestation, allocation, intérêt, gain, profit, indemnité beseech: implorer, implore, implorent, implores, implorez, implorons, solliciter, sollicitez, sollicites, sollicitons, sollicite blaze: flamme, feu, flamber blessing: bénédiction, bénissant blinded: aveuglai, aveuglâmes, aveugla, ébloui, éblouis, éblouîtes, éblouîmes, aveuglèrent, aveuglâtes, éblouirent, aveuglas blood: sang bloody: sanglant blowing: soufflage, soufflant blows: coups, souffle blue: bleu, azur bold: gras, audacieux, épais, gros, hardi, intrépide boor: goujat born: né bottle: bouteille, embouteiller, flacon bottom: fond, derrière, cul, croupe, bas, dessous, inférieur bottomless: sans fond bought: acheté

Anton Chekhov box: boîte, caisse, boxer, coffret, coffre, case, boîtier, boite, bac, loge, buis boy: garçon, gosse, serviteur, domestique, gamin boyhood: enfance boys: garçons brag: fanfaronner, faire le malin, se vanter bravo: bravo breast: poitrine, sein, mamelle, front de taille breath: souffle, haleine, respiration, le souffle breathes: respire bright: clair, lumineux, luisant, brillant, vif, magnifique, éclatant brilliant: brillant, magnifique, luisant, éclatant, génial bring: apporter, apportons, apportes, apporte, apportez, apportent, amener, amenons, amènes, amène, amenez brought: apportas, apportâtes, apportâmes, apportai, apporta, apportèrent, apporté, amenai, amené, amenâtes, amenas brown: brun, marron, dorer, brune, brunir, faire revenir, faire dorer, rissoler buffoons: bouffons burden: charge, fardeau, alourdir, lit de fusion, charger, grever buried: enterrâtes, enterras, enterré, enterrâmes, enterra, enterrai, enterrèrent, ensevelîtes, inhumèrent, inhumas, inhumâtes burning: brûlant, combustion, cuisson, brûlure burst: crever, éclater, salve, rafale, explosion, choc d'ionisation, éclatement, bouffée buy: acheter, achat, acquérir call: appel, appeler, appelles, appelle, appelons, appellent, appelez, communication, nommer, visite, escale calling: appelant, appel calls: appelle calmly: de manière calme, de façon calme candle: bougie, chandelle, cierge canvas: canevas, toile caress: caresse, caresser carried: portâtes, portas, porté, porta, portèrent, portâmes, portai, transportèrent, transportâmes, transportas, transporté cataracts: cataracte catch: attraper, attrape, attrapes, attrapons, attrapent, attrapez, prise, prenez, prends, prenons, prennent

ceaseless: incessant celebrating: célébrant, fêtant cellar: cave, cellier censor: censurer, censeur century: siècle chap: individu, type, gerçure, gercer character: caractère, personnage, signe, nature, témoignage, tempérament characters: caractères charm: charme, amulette, ravir, charmer, breloque cheeks: joues cheer: acclamation, acclamer, applaudir cheerfully: de manière gaie, de façon gaie cherry: cerise chestnut: châtaigne, marron, châtaignier childhood: enfance chokes: étouffe circumstance: circonstance class: classe, cours, leçon, catégorie clearly: clairement, de manière claire, de façon claire, nettement clever: habile, adroit, astucieux, malin, rusé, intelligent, artificieux closely: étroitement clouds: nuages clown: clown coat: manteau, enduire, pardessus, couche, capote, paletot, pelage, enrober, napper cold: froid, rhume colic: colique collection: collection, recueil, collecte, encaissement, recouvrement, ensemble, are, bande, troupe, quête, ramassage combined: combiné, combinai, combinâmes, combinèrent, combina, combinâtes, combinas comedian: comédien, comique comedians: comédiens comes: vient coming: venant command: commande, commandement, commander, ordre, ordonner, enjoindre, sommer, instruction, ordre de commande comparable: comparable compass: boussole, compas concentrating: concentrant condemning: condamnant conforms: conforme connected: connecté, connectèrent, connectai, connectâmes, connectas, connectâtes, connecta, cohérent, branché, abouché, abouchèrent connecting: connectant, branchant, abouchant, raccordant, alliant,

21 nouant consumption: consommation, consomption contemplating: contemplant content: contenu, satisfait continually: continuellement, de manière continuelle, de façon continuelle corrected: corrigé correctly: correctement, de manière corriger, de façon corriger cottage: cabanon, petite maison cough: toux, tousser countryside: campagne crack: fissure, craquer, fente, craquement, fêlure, crevasse, crack, crique, gercer, gerçure, fêler cracked: fêlé creep: ramper, fluage, rampons, rampez, rampes, rampent, rampe, traîner, glissement crimea: Crimée criticism: critique crowded: bondé, encombré cry: pleurer, cri, crier, vagir crying: pleurer curtain: rideau daring: audace, audacieux, hardi, osant, aventurant dark: foncé, sombre, obscur, obscurité, noir darkened: foncé, fonças, foncèrent, fonçâtes, fonça, fonçai, fonçâmes, assombrîmes, assombri, assombrirent, assombris darkly: de façon foncée, de manière foncée darkness: obscurité, ténèbres daughter: fille, la fille dawn: aube, aurore, point du jour dead: mort dear: cher, coûteux dearly: de manière chère, de façon chère decided: décidé, décidai, décidâmes, décidèrent, décida, décidas, décidâtes declared: déclaré, déclara, déclarai, déclarèrent, déclarâmes, déclaras, déclarâtes deep: profond definitely: absolument, sûrement, sans faute, de manière définitive, de façon définitive degree: degré, grade, titre, intitulé, diplôme, rang delicate: délicat, tendre, fragile delusion: illusion demanded: exigé depends: dépend depths: profondeurs described: décrit, décrivirent,

22 décrivit, décrivis, décrivîmes, décrivîtes description: description, signalement descriptive: descriptif desk: pupitre, bureau despair: désespoir, désespérer destroyed: détruit, détruisirent, détruisis, détruisit, détruisîmes, détruisîtes, ravageas, ravageâtes, ravageâmes, ravageai, ravagea devil: diable diagnosis: diagnostic, diagnose die: mourir, mourons, meurent, meurs, mourez, décéder, décède, décédons, décédez, décèdent, décèdes died: mort, moururent, mourûmes, mourut, mourus, mourûtes, décédai, décédâtes, décédé, décédas, décédâmes difficulty: difficulté dim: faible, sombre, obscur, brouiller, rendre confus, rendre trouble dirt: saleté, boue, crasse disappeared: disparu, disparus, disparurent, disparut, disparûmes, disparûtes discourse: discours disease: maladie, infirmité, la maladie disgusting: dégoûtant divided: divisé, divisai, divisa, divisèrent, divisâmes, divisâtes, divisas, partageâtes, partagèrent, partagea, partagé doctor: docteur, médecin, docteur médecin, toubib doctors: médecins doctrine: doctrine dominated: dominé, dominâmes, dominèrent, domina, dominai, dominas, dominâtes don: mettre, revêtir doors: portes double: double, doubler, redoubler, sosie doubt: doute, douter drained: drainé dramas: drames dramatic: dramatique dramatist: dramaturge drawn: dessiné, puisé, tiré, appâté, tracé dreadful: terrible, affreux, épouvantable dreadfully: de manière terrible, de façon terrible dream: rêve, rêver, songe, songer, rêver éveillé dregs: lie, dépôt dressed: habillé, vêtu drinking: buvant

Swan Song drive: conduire, pousser, prise, pourchasser, conduis, conduisons, conduisez, conduisent, pousse, poussent, pousses drives: conduit, pousse, pourchasse, actionne, pilote drops: drops drum: tambour, fût drunk: ivre, bu, soûl drunkard: ivrogne drunken: ivre dry: sec, sécher, sèche duel: duel dumb: muet duty: devoir, droit, service, obligation, taxe eager: avide, désireux earthquake: tremblement de terre, séisme easily: facilement, aisément, de manière facile, de façon facile easy: facile ecstasy: extase educated: éduquâmes, éduquai, éduquèrent, éduqua, éduqué, éduquas, éduquâtes, cultivé elements: abc, alphabet eloquence: éloquence eloquent: éloquent elusive: insaisissable embraces: embrasse empty: vide, vider, vidanger encore: bis encumbered: encombré, encombrâmes, encombrèrent, encombra, encombrai, encombras, encombrâtes enemy: ennemi energy: énergie ennui: ennui enraptured: enchantâtes, ravîtes, ravit, ravis, ravirent, ravîmes, ravi, enchanté, enchantas, enchantâmes, enchantai enslaved: asservi, asservîmes, asservirent, asservit, asservîtes, asservis entered: entrèrent, entrâmes, entré, entrai, entra, entras, entrâtes, introduisîtes, introduit, introduisit, introduisis enthusiasm: enthousiasme enthusiastically: de manière enthousiaste, de façon enthousiaste entitled: habilité epoch: époque equal: égal, égaler essential: essentiel, fondamental estate: domaine, propriété, bien, propriété foncière, fonds, succession, biens evening: soir, soirée

everybody: tout le monde, chacun evil: mal, mauvais exclaim: exclamer, exclames, exclame, exclamez, exclamons, exclament, s'exclamer exercised: exercé exiled: exilé exist: exister, existes, existe, existons, existent, existez existence: existence explained: expliquâtes, expliquas, expliqua, expliquâmes, expliquai, expliqué, expliquèrent expressing: exprimant expression: expression, terme, locution, mine, air exquisitely: de manière exquise, de façon exquise failed: échoué, failli, manqué, faillies, faillie, faillirent failing: défaillant failure: défaillance, échec, panne, défaut, dérangement, banqueroute, avortement, manque, avarie, avortement spontané, insuccès faith: foi fall: chute, tomber, tombes, tombe, tombez, tombons, tombent, baisse, choir, s'abaisser, s'amoindrir falls: tombe, abat, choit fame: renommée, gloire, réputation, célébrité farce: farce farewell: adieu farthest: le plus loin fascination: fascination fate: sort, destinée, fatalité, destin, destination, fortune favourite: favori, préféré feet: pieds fell: tombas, tombâtes, tomba, tombai, tombèrent, tombâmes, abattre, chus, chûtes, abattîtes, abattit few: peu, peu de fields: champs finally: finalement, enfin, de manière finale, de façon finale fine: amende, fin, excellent, beau, délicat, éminent, tendre, accompli, à merveille, contravention finger: doigt, tâter fire: feu, incendie, tirer, licencier, renvoyer, le feu, partir, suspendre fish: poisson, pêcher fishing: pêche fit: adapter, convenir, ajustement, ajuster, apoplexie, crise, en bonne santé fixed: fixe, fixâtes, fixas, fixé, fixâmes, fixèrent, fixa, fixai, réparas, répara, réparâmes

Anton Chekhov flash: flash, éclat, clignoter, éclair, bavure flashy: tapageur flat: plat, appartement, aplati, bémol, uni, mat floor: plancher, étage, sol, taux plancher, mur flue: carneau, lumière, cheminée, gros tube fly: mouche, voler, volez, voles, volent, vole, volons, volant folk: peuple, gens, folklorique followed: suivîtes, suivi, suivîmes, suivit, suivis, suivirent fool: imbécile, sot, mystifier, idiot, duper, fou foolish: sot, idiot, stupide, abracadabrant, insensé foolishness: bêtise, folie, sottise foot: pied, patte, bordure, le pied foreshadows: présage forest: forêt, bois, forestier forget: oublier, oublies, oublie, oublient, oublions, oubliez forgotten: oublié forms: formulaires forth: en avant forward: en avant, avancer, avant fourteen: quatorze fragile: fragile, délicat frequent: fréquent, fréquenter freshness: fraîcheur fret: frette fright: peur, effroi, anxiété, frayeur, terreur frighten: effrayer, effraie, effraies, effraient, effrayons, effrayez, redouter, redoutez, redoutons, redoutes, redoutent fully: entièrement, complètement, de façon pleine, de manière pleine, pleinement funny: drôle, amusant, comique, marrant, rigolo gaiety: gaieté gaily: de façon gaie, de manière gaie gallows: potence, gibet games: jeux gathered: cueilli, ramassées, ramassai, ramassâmes, ramassée, rassemblé gathering: réunion, ramassage, rassemblement, cueillage, roulage gay: gai, joyeux, homosexuel, enjoué genius: génie ghosts: image blanche, spectres, fantômes gipsy: bohémien, gitan girl: fille, jeune fille, gosse, la fille gives: donne, offre, aboule giving: donnant, offrant, aboulant gladly: volontiers, avec plaisir, de

manière joyeuse, de façon joyeuse glance: coup d'œil glimpses: entrevoit gloom: mélancolie, obscurité gloomiest: le plus sombre glorious: glorieux, fameux glow: ardeur, incandescence, brûler, être en feu, lueur goes: va gone: allé, parti, allés govern: gouverner, gouvernes, gouverne, gouvernons, gouvernez, gouvernent, régner, régnez, régnons, règnes, règnent graceful: gracieux, élégant, mignon gracious: gracieux graduated: gradué grandfather: aïeul granny: mamie grave: tombe, grave, sérieux grey: gris greyness: leucie, chair grip: agripper, prise, saisir, poignée, grippe, valise, saignée grow: croître, grandir, cultiver, grandis, grandissent, grandissez, grandissons, croissent, croîs, croissez, croissons growing: croissant, grandissant gruesome: affreux, horrible, terrible, abominable, abject, odieux, hideux, macabre guests: invités habit: habitude, coutume, usage, port hamlet: hameau handsome: beau hang: pendre, suspendre, retomber, accrocher, faisander hanged: pendu haphazard: au petit bonheur, au hasard happiness: bonheur, félicité happy: heureux, joyeux, content hard: dur, difficile, pénible harmony: harmonie harsh: vulgaire, rude, dur, acerbe, grossier, maussade, rustique, âpre, astringent haughty: hautain, arrogant hay: foin headlong: la tête la première hear: entendre, entendent, entends, entendez, entendons, ouïr, écouter, oient, ois, oyez, oyons heard: entendîmes, entendîtes, entendu, entendit, entendirent, entendis, ouï, ouïs heart: coeur, le coeur heaven: ciel, paradis heavens: cieux heavily: fortement, de façon lourde, de manière lourde, lourdement

23 heir: héritier, légataire held: tenu helpless: abandonné, impuissant, délaissé, faible helplessly: de manière impuissante, de façon impuissante hero: héros honour: honneur, honorer hope: espoir, espérer, espère, espèrent, espères, espérez, espérons, espérance, souhaiter, souhaitons, souhaitez hour: heure human: humain humanity: humanité humorous: amusant, humoristique humour: humour, humeur hundred: cent, centaine idealistic: idéaliste idiot: idiot idiotic: idiot, stupide idleness: oisiveté, désœuvrement idlers: grains légers ill: malade, malsain, mal illness: maladie, infirmité imagine: imaginer, imagine, imagines, imaginent, imaginez, imaginons immediate: immédiat immense: énorme, immense, formidable immortal: immortel, immortelle importance: importance impressed: impressionné impression: impression, effet, empreinte, tirage impressionable: impressionnable improve: améliorer, améliores, améliore, améliorent, améliorez, améliorons, amender, amendez, amendons, amendes, amendent incorrigible: incorrigible increase: augmenter, accroissement, augmentation, accroître, agrandir, grossir, redoubler, s'accroître, croissance, amplifier, hausse incredible: incroyable, invraisemblable incurred: encourûmes, encourûtes, encourut, encourus, encouru, encoururent indeed: vraiment, certes, en vérité, réellement, si, d'abord, en réalité, en effet, en fait, effectivement, voire inevitable: inévitable, inéluctable inexperience: inexpérience influence: influence, influer, influencer, empire, influent innocent: innocent inside: dedans, intérieur, dans, au milieu de, interne, parmi, en, milieu, à

24 insight: perspicacité instance: exemple, instance instant: instant, moment instead: plutôt instrument: instrument intelligence: intelligence, renseignement intense: intense interests: intéresse, intérêts, champs d'intérêt interpretation: interprétation intolerable: intolérable intoxicated: ivre, enivras, enivrâtes, enivrèrent, enivrai, enivra, enivrâmes, enivré, intoxiqué introduction: introduction, présentation invading: envahissant irksome: ennuyeux island: île, îlot january: janvier jesting: plaisantant, plaisanterie jewess: juive joke: plaisanterie, badiner, blague, badinage, plaisanter, farce journey: voyage, trajet, parcours, périple keenly: de manière vive, de façon vive kindness: amabilité, bonté, gentillesse, aménité king: roi, dame kingdom: royaume kiss: baiser, embrasser, bise kitchen: cuisine knees: genoux knowledge: connaissance, savoir lad: garçon, gosse laid: posèrent, posai, posa, posâmes, posas, posâtes, posé, vergé, pondu, pondit, pondis lake: lac, laque lasted: duré laughed: ries, rit, rirent, rie, ris laughing: riant laughter: rire lawful: légal, légitime, licite lay: poser, posez, poses, posent, posons, laïque, pose, coucher, pondre, commettage, pondent leading: conduisant, menant, guidant, aboutissant, plombage, laissant, principal least: moindre, le moins leaving: partant, départ, partir led: menâmes, conduisîtes, conduisit, conduisis, conduit, conduisirent, conduisîmes, menèrent, menas, menâtes, mena lemon: citron lend: prêter, prête, prêtes, prêtez, prêtent, prêtons, emprunter,

Swan Song empruntes, empruntez, empruntons, empruntent letters: lettres letting: laissant, location lie: mentir, mensonge, être couché, gésir lies: git, ment light: léger, clair, lumière, allumer, feu, faible, enflammer, lumineux, lampe, rayonnement visible lights: lumières, feux liked: aimé lines: traits, lignes lips: les lèvres, lèvres listen: écouter, écoutes, écoute, écoutons, écoutez, écoutent lit: alluma, allumai literary: littéraire live: vivre, vivez, vivent, vivons, vis, habiter, demeurer, habite, habitent, habites, habitons lives: vit, habite, loge living: vivant, habitant, logeant, en vie, bénéfice locked: bloqué, fermé loneliness: solitude lonely: solitaire, seul, de manière solitaire, de façon solitaire, isolé looks: regarde lord: seigneur, monsieur lost: perdîtes, perdîmes, perdirent, perdit, perdis, perdu, perdus, non vu loved: aimé lovely: charmant, agréable, ravissant, délicieux, beau, mignon, cher, gentil, magnifique, splendide, superbe loves: amours, aime low: bas, dépression, abject, basse, lâche lowest: le plus bas lying: menteur, mensonge, gisant makes: fait, rend manager: directeur, gérant, gestionnaire, administrateur, cadre, exploitant, manager, dirigeant, gérante manners: moeurs marred: gâtas, gâtèrent, gâtâtes, gâtâmes, gâtai, gâta, gâté married: marié, se marièrent, vous mariâtes, te marias, me mariai, nous mariâmes, se maria, se marié, mariée, mariés, épousas marry: marier, te maries, vous mariez, nous marions, me marie, mariez-vous, se marient, épouser, se marier, épouses, épouse master: maître, patron, apprendre à fond, capitaine, maestro, principal, maîtriser masterly: magistral

matter: matière, substance, affaire, cas, chose, question meant: signifié medicine: médicament, médecine, remède meet: rencontrer, rencontrez, rencontrons, rencontres, rencontrent, rencontre, réunir, se réunir mercy: pitié, compassion, miséricorde merry: joyeux, gai middle: milieu, intermédiaire, moyen, centre, central midnight: minuit minute: minute miscellaneous: divers mistress: maîtresse mists: brumes modern: moderne modest: modeste moon: lune morose: morose moscow: Moscou motley: bariolé, bigarré moulds: moisissures mournful: sombre, morne, triste, mélancolique mouth: bouche, embouchure, bec, gueule, ouverture, goulot, entrée moved: ému mummy: momie music: musique myself: me mystery: mystère names: noms nature: nature, caractère near: près, proche, près de, auprès, prochaine, à nearly: presque, quasiment, à peu près, de manière près, de façon près neck: cou, col, collet, goulot, encolure needs: besoins, nécessite neighbours: voisins neither: ni, personne, non plus, nul noble: noble, élevé nobody: personne, nul noise: bruit, bruit de fond, tapage, souffle noisy: bruyant nonsense: absurdité, bêtise, balivernes nor: ni note: note, noter, billet, nota, remarque, ticket, mention novels: romans novelty: nouveauté nowhere: nulle part obedient: obéissant, docile observing: observant, respectant, remplissant obstinate: obstiné, têtu, tenace, entêté occasion: occasion, lieu, fois

Anton Chekhov onto: sur opened: ouvrîtes, ouvrit, ouvrîmes, ouvris, ouvrirent, ouvert opening: ouverture, ouvrant, orifice, début, déclenchement opinion: avis, opinion, vœu oppressed: opprimé, opprimâtes, opprimas, serré, serrâtes, serras, serrâmes, serrai, opprimèrent, serrèrent, opprimai oppression: abus d'autorité, oppression oppressive: étouffant, accablant, oppressif orchard: verger, fruitier ordinary: ordinaire organ: organe, orgue original: original, inédit, originel originality: originalité ought: devoir, doit, dois, devez, devons, doivent outcast: banni, paria, proscrit, exclu, exilé, rejeté outer: externe, extérieur outlet: sortie, exutoire, débouché, évacuation, issue, prise de courant overtaking: dépassant, doublant, dépassement, rattrapage overturned: chavira, chavirée, chavirâmes, chavirai, chavirées, renversé overwhelming: accablant, comblant, abreuvant, écrasant, assommant owing: devant, dû painting: peinture, tableau pale: pâle, blême paper: papier, document, tapisser, article, journal papers: papiers pardoned: pardonné partly: en partie, partiellement parts: parties passion: passion, ardeur passionate: passionné pathetic: pathétique peasantry: paysannerie, paysans peculiar: étrange, singulier, drôle, particulier penetrated: pénétras, pénétrâtes, pénétrâmes, pénétrèrent, pénétra, pénétrai, pénétré performance: performance, exécution, représentation, comportement, accomplissement, qualités de fonctionnement, prestation, fonctionnement periodicals: périodiques perish: périr, périssons, périssez, périssent, péris, s'abîmer personality: personnalité, caractère persons: personnes pervaded: imprégnèrent, imprégna,

imprégnai, imprégnâmes, imprégnas, imprégnâtes, imprégné pessimism: pessimisme photograph: photo, photographier, photographie picks: cueille, pique picture: image, figure, tableau, photo piercing: perçant pipe: tuyau, tube, pipe, conduite, retassure pit: fosse, noyau, piqûre, trou, centre, fossé, mine, creux, dénoyauter, puits pitch: tangage, hauteur tonale, pas, tonie, poix, écartement, inclinaison, espacement, ton, longueur, brai pitiful: pitoyable, pauvre, misérable, malheureux, lamentable pity: pitié, plaindre, compassion, compatir, apitoiement, avoir pitié, mal, s'apitoyer play: jouer, joues, jouez, jouent, jouons, joue, jeu, pièce de théâtre, pièce, représenter, jouer de played: jouâtes, jouas, jouèrent, jouai, jouâmes, joué, joua plays: joue plaything: jouet please: plaire, s'il vous plaît, contenter, s'il vous plait, faire plaisir, s'il te plaît, satisfaire pleased: content, satisfait, plu pleasure: plaisir, jouissance pluck: cueillir, ramasser, plumer, courage, fressure plumed: empanaché plunge: plonger, plongeon, plongée poignant: intense pomp: pompe, splendeur poor: pauvre, mauvais, misérable, maigre, méchant, malheureux, mal, faible, médiocre poplar: peuplier port: port, bâbord, accès, porte, lumière, orifice, porto portrait: portrait portrayed: peignit, peignîtes, peignirent, peignîmes, peignis, peint poured: versé pouring: coulage, coulée, versant practical: pratique, réel practise: exercer, instruire, pratiquer praise: louange, glorifier, éloge, louer, louanger pray: prier, prie, pries, prions, priez, prient preach: prêcher, prêches, prêchons, prêchez, prêchent, prêche prepare: préparer, prépare, prépares, préparent, préparons, préparez, apprêter, apprête, apprêtes, apprêtez, apprêtons presence: présence

25 pretend: feindre, feins, feignons, feignent, feignez, prétexter, prétendre, prétextons, prétexte, prétextent, prétextes principal: commettant, principal, mandant, directeur, donneur d'ordre, dominant, capital probes: scrute, sonde produced: produisîmes, produisîtes, produisirent, produisis, produisit, produit production: production, fabrication, réalisation, mise en scène profane: violer profession: profession professional: professionnel profoundly: profondément, de manière profonde, de façon profonde progress: progrès, progresser, avancer, déroulement prompter: souffleur proposal: proposition, offre protest: protestation, protester, contestation provincial: provincial provisions: provisions, dispositions, vivres published: publias, publiâtes, publia, publié, publièrent, publiâmes, publiai, édité, éditas, éditâtes, éditèrent punishments: punitions pure: pur, blanc, propre puts: met quick: rapide, prompt, vite quickened: accélérâmes, hâtâtes, hâtas, hâta, hâtâmes, hâtèrent, hâtai, accéléré, accéléras, accélérai, accéléra quickly: rapidement, vite, de manière rapide, de façon rapide quiet: calme, tranquille, paisible, quiet, abattre, silencieux, rassurer, repos radiant: rayonnant, radieux rage: fureur, rage, furie, tempêter, rager rain: pluie, pleuvoir, la pluie rapidity: rapidité rapidly: rapidement, de manière rapide, de façon rapide rare: rare, saignant rat: rat rebellion: rébellion, révolte recalled: rappelé received: reçûtes, reçus, reçurent, reçut, reçûmes, reçu, accueilli, accueillîmes, accueillirent, accueillis, accueillit recorders: enregistreurs recover: récupérer, récupère,

26 récupères, récupérez, récupérons, récupèrent, recouvrer, recouvre, recouvres, recouvrez, recouvrons recovering: récupérant, recouvrant red: rouge refers: réfère reflecting: reflétant, réfléchissant, renvoyant regretfully: de manière plein de regrets, de façon plein de regrets regretted: regretté rehearse: répéter, répètent, répétons, répète, répétez, répètes relieved: soulagea, soulagèrent, soulageâtes, soulageas, soulageâmes, soulageai, soulagé remain: rester, restes, restez, restons, restent, reste, rester en arrière remark: remarque, observation, commentaire, remarquer remarkable: remarquable, saillant, insigne remember: se rappeler, se souvenir, rappeler, retenir, rappelle, retiens, retiennent, rappelles, retenez, retenons, rappelons reply: réponse, répondre, répliquer, réplique represented: représentas, représentâtes, représentai, représenta, représentèrent, représentâmes, représenté reputation: réputation respectfully: de manière respectueuse, de façon respectueuse rest: repos, se reposer, reste, débris, reposer, appui, trêve, pause, support restless: agité, remuant retained: retins, retint, retîntes, retînmes, retinrent, retenu, retenue returns: rentrées, recettes revolution: révolution, tour, rotation rewritten: récrit rewrote: récrivîtes, récrivit, récrivis, récrivîmes, récrivirent ridiculous: ridicule river: fleuve, rivière, lézarde roamed: erras, errâtes, errèrent, erra, errai, errâmes, erré, rôdâtes, rôdé, rôdas, rôdâmes roars: rugit rosy: rosé rotundity: emphase, rotondité rough: brut, grossier, cru, rugueux, rude, maussade, rustique, râpeux, rêche roving: mèche row: rangée, rang, ramer, file, tour, ligne royal: royal rubbish: ordures, débris, déchets, absurdité, abattis, décombres

Swan Song ruining: ruinant rules: règlement, règles running: courant, course, marche, coulant, fonctionnement rushes: épreuves de tournage russia: Russie, la Russie russian: russe, langue russe sacred: sacré, saint sadness: tristesse, désolation, affliction, abattement, souci salvation: salut satire: satire scattered: dispersé, dispersâmes, dispersèrent, dispersas, dispersai, dispersa, dispersâtes, répandu, répandîtes, répandit, répandis scene: scène, lieu scenes: scènes science: science sea: mer, marin seagull: mouette secured: fixâtes, fixèrent, fixas, fixâmes, fixai, fixa, fixé seeds: semences, pépins, graines seeing: voyant, sciant seem: sembler, semblez, semblons, semblent, semble, sembles, paraître, paraissez, paraissons, paraissent, parais seemingly: apparemment, de manière paraissante, de façon paraissante sees: voit, scie seldom: rarement sell: vendre, vendons, vendez, vendent, vends, écouler, brader sensitive: sensible, délicat, sensitif serene: serein, tranquille serf: serf series: série, collection, suite served: servit, servîtes, servis, servîmes, servirent, servi, desservis, desservit, desservîtes, desservîmes, desservi setting: réglage, cadre, calage, sertissage settled: réglâmes, régla, réglas, réglèrent, réglai, réglâtes, réglé shade: ombre, nuance, teinte, ombrage, ombrager, nuancer, ombrer shadows: ombres shaking: secouant, ébranlant, ébranlement, secousse sharply: de manière aigue, de façon aigue, brusquement, nettement shivering: Écaillage, tressaillure, frisson, frissonner shivers: frissons shop: boutique, magasin, atelier short: court showed: montrâtes, montras,

montrai, montrâmes, montrèrent, montra, manifesta, manifestèrent, manifestâtes, manifestas, manifestâmes shows: montre, manifeste, marque, dénote shrill: aigu, perçant, strident, criard shroud: hauban, coiffe, linceul, protecteur de contact, coquille, protecteur, suaire sickness: maladie sicknesses: maladies simple: simple, pur simply: simplement, de manière simple, de façon simple singer: chanteur, chanteuse single: célibataire, unique, simple, seul, individuel, individuelle sinks: enfonce, éviers, lourds sinner: pécheur sir: monsieur sister: soeur sisters: soeurs sits: couve, s'assied, assied sitting: couvant, s'asseyant, séance, service, sédentaire sixteen: seize sketch: esquisse, croquis, esquisser, ébauche sketches: croquis skill: habileté, compétence, adresse sky: ciel, le ciel slave: esclave, asservir sleep: sommeil, dormir, dors, dormons, dormez, dorment, pioncer slightingly: de façon de dédaine slowly: lentement, doucement, de manière lente, de façon lente smaller: plus petit smile: sourire snoring: ronflement, ronflant soft: doux, mou, tendre, moelleux, gentil, suave, sucré son: fils song: chanson, chant soon: bientôt, tout à l'heure sorrow: abattement, chagrin sorts: assortiment, assortit, matrice à crochet soul: âme sound: son, sonner, résonner, bruit, sain, sonder, détroit, vibration acoustique, oscillation acoustique, solide, sonde sowing: semis, ensemencement spare: épargner, économiser, être indulgent, rechange, pièce de rechange speak: parler, parles, parlons, parle, parlez, parlent spend: dépenser, dépenses, dépense, dépensent, dépensez, dépensons,

Anton Chekhov passer, passent, passes, passez, passons spent: dépensé, dépensas, dépensâtes, dépensâmes, dépensa, dépensai, dépensèrent, passa, passai, passâmes, passas spill: renverser, déversement, fuite spirit: esprit, vigueur spirits: spiritueux spit: cracher, vomir, jeter, broche, crachat spite: rancune, dépit splitting: division, éclatement, fente spoke: parlas, parlèrent, parlâmes, parlai, parla, parlâtes, rayon spots: poivrage spout: bec, bec verseur, trombe squeezed: serré stage: étape, phase, stade, scène, tenue, station, étage, gare, mettre en scène, niveau, estrade staging: mise en scène stagnant: stagnant stamps: timbres standing: debout, permanent stare: dévisager, regard fixe, fixer, regarder fixement, regard steed: coursier steppe: steppe steps: étapes, escalier stifling: étouffant stirring: agitation stone: pierre, lapider, dénoyauter, de pierre, caillou, calcul, noyau stool: tabouret, banquette, escabeau, selles stop: arrêter, arrêtez, arrête, arrêtes, arrêtent, arrêtons, arrêt, cesser, cessent, cessez, cessons stops: arrête, cesse, stoppe, interrompt story: histoire, étage, récit, conte, relation, intrigue strange: étrange, singulier, drôle, étranger, bizarre stranger: étranger, inconnu strangers: étrangers streams: filières strength: force, puissance, résistance mécanique strings: cordes, ficelles, instruments à cordes struck: frappé struggling: luttant student: étudiant, élève subtle: subtil, fin succeeded: réussîmes, réussîtes, réussit, réussis, réussirent, réussi, succédas, succédâtes, succédé, succédai, succédâmes succeeds: réussit, succède, aboute, succéde

success: succès, prospérité, aboutissement, gain, réussite succession: succession suddenly: soudainement, tout à coup, subitement, soudain, de manière subite, de façon subite, brusquement suffering: souffrant, subissant, souffrance suite: suite, clique, cortège, escorte sulphurous: sulfureux summer: été, estival summers: étés sunset: coucher du soleil superintend: diriger, diriges, surveillons, surveillez, surveilles, surveillent, dirigez, dirigeons, dirigent, dirige, surveille suppressed: étouffé, étouffa, étouffèrent, étouffâtes, étouffas, étouffai, étouffâmes, réprima, réprimai, réprimâmes, réprimas sure: sûr, certain, assuré surrendered: rendu surroundings: alentours, abords, environs swallowed: avalé swan: cygne sympathy: sympathie, compassion talent: talent, don, aptitude talking: parlant, bavardage tax: impôt, taxe, imposer, taxer tears: larmes tedious: ennuyeux, fastidieux tedium: ennui telling: disant, racontant, enjoignant, commandant tells: dit, raconte, enjoint, commande tempted: tentas, tentâtes, tentâmes, tenta, tentai, tenté, tentèrent tender: offre, tendre, adjudication, doux, tender, annexe, offrir, présenter, proposition, gentil, suave tenderness: tendresse, tendreté terrace: terrasse terror: terreur, effroi theatre: théâtre theatres: théâtres theme: thème, sujet, composition themes: thèmes thick: épais, dense, gros thou: tu, vous, toi thousand: mille, millier thread: fil, filet, enfiler, fileter, filetage threatened: menaças, menaçâtes, menacèrent, menacé, menaçai, menaça, menaçâmes threw: jetâmes, jeta, jetai, jetèrent throat: gorge, la gorge, gosier throne: trône thumb: pouce thunder: tonnerre, tonner, retenir

27 thy: ton till: caisse, à, jusqu'à ce que tinge: teinte, nuance tinged: teinté tingling: fourmillement tip: pourboire, bout, pointe, cime, sommet, tuyau, conseil toil: travailler dur, labeur tongues: langues top: sommet, haut, faîte, comble, summon, mutiler, couvercle, cime, supérieur, tête torrent: torrent, flot touch: toucher, touche, contact, touchez touched: touché touching: attendrissant, émouvant, touchant toward: vers, en, à, en relation avec trace: trace, tracer, décalquer, calquer, empreinte, impression, trait, piste, retracer trade: commerce, métier, commercer, négoce, faire du commerce tragedian: tragédien tragedy: tragédie tragic: tragique tranquil: tranquille, calme, paisible transition: transition tree: arbre, arborescence trembles: tremble trials: épreuves trips: voyages trivial: insignifiant, banal troops: troupes trouble: problème, gêner, déranger, dérangement, panne, difficulté, trouble, ennui truth: vérité turkish: turc turning: tournant, changeant, retournant, déviant, virage, tournage, rotation, retournage turns: tourne, change, retourne, dévie twenty: vingt twilight: crépuscule ugh: pouah ultimate: ultime unaffected: naturel, simple unanimous: unanime uncle: oncle understand: comprendre, comprenez, comprends, comprenons, comprennent, entendre understanding: comprenant, compréhension, abord, relation, entendement, entente understood: comprîmes, compris, comprîtes, comprit, comprirent, comprise unexpected: inattendu, imprévu, inespéré

28 ungrateful: ingrat unhappy: malheureux, mécontent university: université, universitaire unmannerly: mal élevé unsuccessful: infructueux untiring: inlassable unworthy: indigne upper: supérieur, empeigne urging: exhortant useless: inutile, vain, abortif usual: habituel, ordinaire, accoutumé, usuel, général, courant utterance: déclaration, expression vague: vague, imprécis, flou vale: vallon, vallée value: valeur, apprécier, mérite, évaluer variegated: bigarré, panaché, moiré veins: veines, nervure verge: accotement, bord village: village, localité violently: violemment, de manière violente, de façon violente virtue: vertu visible: visible, apparent, manifeste visits: visite vitality: vitalité vivid: vif vividly: de manière vive, de façon vive vodka: vodka wait: attendre, attendez, attendons, attends, attendent, attente wake: sillage, réveiller, se réveiller, se lever, s'éveiller walked: marchâtes, marchas, marchèrent, marcha, marchai, marchâmes, marché walks: marche wander: errer, errons, erres, errez, errent, erre, vaguer, vague, vaguent, vagues, vaguez ward: quartier, salle, pupille, service warm: chaud, chauffer, cordial, chaleureux warning: avertissement, avertissant, sommation, alerte, alertant, recommandation, avis weak: faible, débile, lâche, mou weakness: faiblesse, débilité, impuissance, mollesse wearily: de manière lasse, de façon lasse weary: las, fatigué weeks: semaines weeps: pleure western: western, occidental whisper: chuchoter, chuchotement, murmurer whither: où whom: qui whose: dont, duquel, de qui

Swan Song wife: femme, épouse wild: sauvage willing: volontaire, disposé, prêt wind: vent, enrouler, emmailloter, bobiner wine: vin wise: sensé, raisonnable wit: esprit withdraw: retirer, retire, retirent, retires, retirez, retirons, décéder, prélever witty: spirituel, fin, mental won: gagnâmes, gagnèrent, gagnas, gagnai, gagna, gagnâtes, Gagné, remportèrent, remporta, remportai, remportâmes worked: travaillai, travailla, travaillâmes, travaillées, travaillé worker: ouvrier, travailleur works: travaux worship: adorer, adoration, vénération, vénérer wreathes: tresse, natte, tisse wreck: épave, naufrage, détruire, accident write: écrire, écris, écrivent, écrivez, écrivons, composer, rédiger writer: auteur, écrivain, rédacteur writes: écrit writing: écrivant, écriture, écrit, inscription written: écrit wrote: écrivîtes, écrivis, écrivit, écrivirent, écrivîmes yonder: là, y youth: jeunesse, ado, jeunes youthful: jeune, juvénile

29