Roget's II: The New Thesaurus

ROC'ET'SII THENE\r

THE,WRL]S

rcGETsII THE,NE\r

By the editorsof

THEAMERICANHERITAGE DICTIONARY

HOUGHTON MIFFLINCOMPANY O

Copyright O f980 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

All correspondence and inquiries should be directed to Reference Division, Houghton Mifflin Company Two Park Street. Boston. MA 02107

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Roget's IIr the new thesaurus. l. English language- Synonyms and antonyms. PEl591. R737 423'.1 80-15$2 ISBN 0-395-29605-6(thumb-indexed)

V

STAFF EditorialDirector Fernando de Mello Vianna Supervising Editor Anne D. Steinhardt Associate Editors

Art Director

Anne H. Soukhanov Dolores R. Harris Mark Boyer

Geoffrey Hodgkinson

SpecialProjects

Editors Contributing Bruce W Bohle Walter M. Havighurst Eugene F. Shewmaker Andrea Denson Wechsler

ManuscriptCoding and Composition Joanne L. Nichols Brenda Bregoli Sturtevant

Cross-Reference Barbara Collins Kathleen Gerard Sally Hehir

PamelaB. DeVinne Kaethe A. Ellis Carole LaMond

Proofreading KendraHo Letty A. Hummel JaneManilych CatherineMenand Henry S. Millea fr. Coverand Jacket Design

Geoffrey Hodgkinson

JoyceO'Connor DeborahOtaguro DeborahPosner Clare Potter Doris Scarpello

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PREFACE Roget's ll: The llew Thesaurus is an entirely new work and represents a significant change from traditional thesaurus making. The lexicographic staff of Houghton Mifflin Company, publishers of The American Heritage Dictionary, has recognized the problems encountered by thesaurususers. Complex index referencing systemshave burdened the user's search, and word groupings by vague meanings have confounded selection of suitable words. Consequent|y Roget'sll has been carefully prepared to provide rapid accessto synonyms, which are grouped by precise meanings, facilitating the choice of appropriate words to expressthoughts. For easeof use and clarity in word selection Roget's11 is organized in an innovative format. In the left-hand column of each page all entries are arranged in alphabetical order and are classified by part of speech. Every word is accurately defined, as is each senseof a word for which more than one meaning has been included. Sentencesand phrases using the entry words in context provide guidance in usage. In the right-hand column synonyms and idioms are listed alphabetically within groups and are presented adjacent to each defined meaning of each discrete sense. Secondaryentries are included in the single alphabeticallistingand are alsoprecisely defined. They are directionally cross-referred to main entries with full synonym presentation. This eflicient system eliminates the need for complicated indexes and redundant listings. SinceRoget's/I defines all entry words and their corresponding synonyms, the work is self-contained. Therefore the user does not need to verify a meaning by consulting a dictionary. Controversial synonyms are labeled, providing usageguidance. It is intended that Roget's11be a source of appropriate words to expressthoughts or ideas, guiding the user away from the common pitfall of selecting an unsuitable word. Consequently only synonyms and near-synonyms are exhaustively listed. Related words, opposites, and near-oppositesare excluded for reasonsofclarity and accuracy. New computerized editing and typesetting technology have supplemented the traditional methods of lexicography in preparing Roget'sll. The manuscript typesetting, alphabetizing, final cross-referencing,and accuracy-verificationfunctions were accomplished by computer programsdevelopedby LEHIGFVROCAPPI. Our specialthanks gotoJosephV. Gangemi, RobertL. Cagey,RichardJ. Bossler,andJosephF. O'Donnell for their invaluable guidance, assistance,and cooperation at all stagesof this unprecedented effort in the field of reference-work publishing. Researchand investigation for this thesaurus began five years ago. On the basis of experience gained duringthe preparation ofthe American Heritage Dictionaries, itwas believed that a new thesaurus could provide the user with the kind of clear guidance found in these dictionaries. The concept of grouping synonyms by precise dictionarystyle definitions was conceived. The editors worked with consultant Robert Masters to explore new ideas for organization and presentation of synonyms. Houghton Mi{Ilin's dictionary staffwas aided by the work of independent lexicographers in the development of this work in accordancewith the new, user-oriented thesaurus concept. An abiding objective of our word-reference publishing is to provide authoritative information about our languageand guidance in its effective use. We believe Roget'sll: The New Thesaurus will serve the user well in selecting the right words to express thoughts precisely and to add color and variety to expression.

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INTRODUCTION Roget's II: The l,lew Thesaurus is a book devoted entirely to meaning. In contrast to the oldfashioned thesaurus, which groups undifferentiated synonyms, near-synonyms, and related words together with an undefined entry word, this book provides an analysis-a definition--of the meaning or meanings of each entry word in the book. Synonyms are grouped according to meaning. What, then, is meaning?

Meaning The meaning of even a single word is rather more complex than one might imagine. The most obvious aspectof meaningisd.enotation,that is, the thing meant, the concept or object referred to. The denotation ofthe wordchair, for example, is that it is a piece of furniture, that it hasa seat, legs, a back, and often arms, and that one person can sit on it. So long as it has these features,a person can identify a chair as a chair irrespective of the fact that it may be big or small, made of chrome or wood, upholstered or caned-in short, no matter what other features it may have. Furthermore, a chair is distinct from all other pieces of furniture upon which one can sit. It is diflerent from a stool becausea stool is backlessand armless. It is different from a couch, on which one or more may recline, and di{Ierent from a chaise longue, which has a seat long enough to support the outstretched legs of the sitter. Thus the denotation of a word includes those features that are criterial and so serve to define and distinguish. In addition to its denotation, a word may have aconnotation, thatis, the configuration of suggestive or associativeimplications constituting the general sense of an expression beyond its literal sense. Differencesof style, expressiveness, and other characteristicssuchthat a given term conveysa given denotation more-or less-formally, color{ully, humorously, and the like, constitute the connotations of the word. For example, both mouth andtrap denote the opening in the body through which food is ingested. Mouth, however, is what might be called a neutral term; it conveysinformation but hasno connotati ons.Trop, on the other hand, is a slangword and is often considered to be somewhat vulgar. An alcoholic drinks habitually and to excess,and the word is neutral; lush, howeve4 is a slang term with pejorative overtones. Words expressiveofemotion frequently have connotations, but many that are not emotive also have them. Many sets of words of identical denotation participate in a spectrum of greater to lesser formality. For example, of the cluster transpire, happen, occur, befall, betide, hap, and bechance, all meaning "to take place, come {o pass,"transpire is the most formal; happen and occur are neutral-n6ngsnnotative; befoll andbetide have a somewhat archaic flavor; ltap is archaic;andbechanceis rare. All of these factsbeyond the bare denotation ofthe terms constitute the connotationsof these words. InRoget's 1I labels, such as lnformal, Regional, andSlang, identifo restrictions with respect to level or style of usage. Two or more words may have the samedenotation and connotation and yet differ intheirrange of applicabtlltg; that is, they cannot be used interchangeably in the same context. Cancel and nacate, both having the samedenotation ("to annul or invalidate") and both being nonconnotative, can nevertheless not be used interchangeably, becauseaacate is a legal term, One might cancel amagazine subscription, but one would hardly aacate it. Extension andproduction both refer to the act of making something longe4 but production is used only in geometry, whereas extensionapplies generally.Slowlg andadagio have the samedenotation,butadagio isa technical term in music. Terms of restricted range ofapplicability are identified in Roget'sll by such labels as Architecture, Mgthologg, or Journalism.

IX

andSynonyms Synonymy Given the complexity ofmeaning, a person searchingfor an alternative word must be sure that the synonym chosen is accurateand precise. Becauseof its emphasison_themeaning or meaningsoja word Roget'sl/ is specifically designed to offer the user a choice of synonyms that lie within the denotative range of the word or senseof the word with which they correspond. Asgnongm is a word that di{fers in form from but hasa meaning identical or very similar to that word. It is often said that there is no such thing as an absolute synonym for any word, another of that is, a form that is identical in every aspect of meaning so that the two can be applied interchangeably.According to this extreme view the only true synonyms are terms having precisely the sime denotation, -onnotation, and range ofapplicability. As it turns out, these so-calledtrue synonyms are frequently technical terms and almost alwaysconcrete words coming_fromlinguisticallydisparate ro,tt""r. Good examples of such pairs areceliac (from Greek)labdominal (from Latin) andtar (from Latin)lautomobile (from French). These meet the criteria for true synonymy: they have precisely the same denotations, connotations, and range of applicability, and they are used in identical contexts. This view of synonymy is far too restrictive, however. In Roget'sII synonymousterms are those having nearly identical denotations. English, becauseof its linguistic history and its large wordstockJs rich in such words. Speakersvery often have a choice from among a set of words of di{fering origin but the same dLnotation. A man may be bearded (ftory Old English), barbate One may go to (from fitin),bewhiskered (from Scandiqraviar),orwhiskered (from S_candinavian). iheshore (from Middle LowGerman), thecocsf (from Latin), or the linoral (fronr Latin). One can refer to the senseof hearing (from Old English) or to the acoustic (from Greek), auditorg (f-Latin), aural (from Latin), orauricular (fromlatin) sense.One can make clothingfrom cloth (ftqm Germanic), fabric (from Latin), material (from Latin), or textiles (from Latin). The reason for choosing on-eof these words over another is frequently stylistic: oIIe may prefgr a^simpler or a more complex word; one may prefer a more formal or a less formal term. But the fact that they shareaderiotation makesthemiynonymous andavailable assubstitutesforwords one hasin mind so that one can be more precise, expressoneseHmore colorfully, or avoid repetition. All of the terms included in the synonymies in Roget'sII share the same denotation.

HOWTO USETHIS BOOK TheEntries Roget'sll: TheNeuThesau,rus contains five kinds of entries introduced by boldface head words: *aitr entries having synonym lists, indented subentries in smaller type representing verv close historical relatives and derivatives of the main entries, secondary entries referring yotr to the main-entry synonym lists, and directional cross-referenceentries guiding you from secondaryto primary variant spellings and from secondaryentries to synonymized subentries. faf l oerb 1. To move dou'nwardin reqponseto gavity: Apples fell frotn the tree. tafl down oerb Infonnal. To be unzuccessful. fafl off oerb 1. To slopedownward. fallacy nonn 1. An eroneous or false idea an educational philosophy ground,edon fallacy,

faff down oerb

l. Syns; descend,drop.

FAIL.

l. onop.

error, l. Syns; erroneousness, falsehood,falsenes, fallaciousness, falsity, untruth. ssn fall.

fafsity twun 1. An erroneous or false idea. 2. Betrayal, esp. of a moral obligation. 3. An untrue declaration.

1. rar.r,ecv. 2. rerrnr,nssNEss. 3. r-rr2 rwrtn.

EntryOrder Main entries, secondary entries, and directional cross-referencesare listed alphabetically. For instance, the first entry in this book is aback. It is followed in turn by the separateentries aban' don, abandoned, abandonment, abase, and abash. Subentry order is as follows: two-word verbs derived from single-word verb head words usually appear as indented subentries directly under the baseverbs. Two-word verb subentries are also alphabetized: fall oerb fall down oerb fafl off

oerb

f.|i"iii;;il;)'

oerb

falf through oErb

XI Each of the two-word verb subentries shown above is alsoentered in directional cross-reference form at its own alphabetical place elsewhere in the book (see"Directional Cross-References").

of MainEntries Components These are the components of a typical main entry:

destroy perb l. To causethe completeruin or wreckageof: paintings dcstroyedby fire; drugs tlwt dnstroyedher health; news tlw.t destroyedhis hopes.

1. Syns; demoliih, destruct, dynamite, finish, ruin, ruinate \egi,orul), shatter, sink, smash, total, torpedo, undo, put the kibosh wrack, wreck. -Idiiln

The head word (destroy) is followed on the same line by an italic part-of-speech label (aerb). A boldface sensenumber (in this case 1.) appearsin all multisense entries in the left-hand column beneath the head word, followed by a basic meaning element-a concisedenotation of the sense sharedby the headword and its synonyms. In this example the basic meaningelement shared by destroy and its fourteen synonyms is "to cause the complete ruin or wreckage of." The basic meaning element is supplemented by at least one illustrative example showing a typical usage context for the head word and its synonyms. Deftnition I ofthe main entry destroy contains three italic examples: paintings d,estroyedby flre, drugs that d,estrogedher health, and neus that destroged his hopes. These examples show both concrete and figurative uses of destroy. The synonyms are all substitutable for the head word in the example. In the right-hand column the appropriate sensenumber (1. ) is followed by the italic boldface abbreviation Syns, which introduces the list of words synonymous with destroy: demolish, destruct, dynamite, finish, ruin, ruinate (Regional), shatter, sink, smash, total, torpedo, undo, wrack, and wreck. When appropriate, idioms equivalent to the synonyms are shown at the ends ofsynonym lists. These idioms aie phraseswith a meaning identical to the basicmeaning element shared bv all the synonyms. In the entry shown here, "put the kibosh on" is an idiom that is equivalent to destroy and its fourteen synonyms.

Entries of theSecondary Components Secondaryentries contain head words, parts of speech, a definition or deftnitions, and smallcapital cross-referencesto main entries: ghoul nou,n A perverselybad, cruel, or wicked person.

FIEND.

repr0ve oerb 1. To castigatefor the purposeof improving. 2. To criticize for a fault or offense.

1. connpct oerb. 2. cel..r DowN at call.

Secondaryentries enable you to locate the main entries where full synonym lists are entered. If you have the word ghoul inmind, for instance, but seeka different, betteq or more colorful word, you look up ghoul. You see that it is cross-referred to the main entry fiend. When you turn to f iend, you find seven synonyms and one idiom from which to choose: fiend noun l. A perverselybad, cruel, or wicked person:a fiend' uho tormentedand killed his priswler*

1. Syns; archfiend, beast, ghotl, monster, ogre, tiger, vampire. *Idi'orn devil incarnate.

If, on the other hand, you start with the wordreprooe inthe sensemeaning "to criticize another for a fault or offense,"you will find the appropriate cross-referenceentry at definition 2 of repnove, directing you to the subentry call down at the main entry call. And at call down there are sixteen synonyms and four idioms from which to choose:

cafl

oerb

cafl down oerb lnforrnal. To criticize for a fault or offense:got call"ed daun for failing to meet the deadline.

Syns.'admonish,bawl out (lnfonnal), castigate,chastise,chew out (Slang), chide, dressdown, lambaste(Slang),rapr (Infomal), rebuke,reprimand,reproach, reprove,scold,tax, upbraid,.-klioms bring (ar call or take) to task,haul (or rake) over the coals,let someonehave it, rap on (or over) the knucHes.

Every synonym is entered at its own alphabetical place with across-referenceto the appropriate main entry.

Subentries Only the closesthistorical relativesof head words are indented subentries. For instance.abandon noun is a subentry of the verb abandon, but abandonment is a separateentry, Two-word verbs derived from single-word verbs are shown as subentries of the single-word verbs (asin the caseof call down at call) unlessthe two-word verbs have themselvesgenerated noun or adjective derivatives. In this casethe two-word verb is the headword, and the derivative is its subentry. For example, fade out aerb is a main entry followed by the subentry fade-out noun.

Directional CrossReferences Directional cross-referenceshelp you locate subentries of main entries and variant spellings that di{fer markedlyfrom the spellingsofprimaryvariants. Forexample, calldown, asnotedabove, is a subentry at call; hence call down is alsoentered in directional cross-referenceform at its own alphabetical place in the overall C sequence: cafl down

oerb

By the same token the variant spelling aeon is shown at its own alphabetical place in the A sequence as aeon

nawr

sEE eon.

Variants Equal and secondaryvariants are tagged as such in Roget'sll. An equal variant is a spelling of a word that is just as acceptableasthe primary spelling. Equal variants of synonymr and idioms in synonym lists are signaled by use of the italic connective or; down-at-h eel or down-at-the -heel A secondary variant is a spelling that is less common than the primary form but nevertheless acceptable. Secondaryvariants are signaled in synonym lists by parenthesesplus the italic connective a/so: lese majesty (alsollse majest6) dialogue (also dialog) Some words have more than one variant. These. too. are shown: naive (also

naif, naif)

All such variants are given at main- and secondary-entry head words in synonym lists.

xlll When a single idiom can be worded in a variety ofways, the variant wordings are given parenthetically. For instance, the idiom in the synonym list at de{inition 4 of fall oerb is: take a fall (or headeror plunge or spill or tumble).

Homographs A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another word but that differs in meaning and origin and may differ in pronunciation or syllabication. Homographs are signaled by superscript numerals following the words to which they refer. Homograph numbers are used in head words, cross-references,and synonym lists: felf r oerb l. To b.itrg down, aswith a saw or ax.

l. cvr wrb.

i"ri;' 'd,i;";,n* Showingor suggestinga dispositionto be violently destructive without scruple or restraint. fef f3 noun The skin of an animal.

FIERCE.

HIDE2 ntntn.

In the synonym lists at cut, fierc€, and hide2 the synonyms are styled as felll, fell2, and fell3, respectively. Noticeelso that the cross-referenceto HIDE2contains the proper homograph number for that main entry.

Labels You don't need to consult a dictionary when you use Roget'sI/ becauseall words requiring labels have been clearly tagged in synonym lists and in main and secondaryentries. The kinds of labels used in this book are temporal labels(Archaic, Obs.), usagelabels(Informal, Slang, andPoetic), dialect labels(suchas Regional and Chiefly Regional), languagelabels (suchas French, Brit., and Chieflg Brit.), field labels (suchas Law and MotionPic. Lr T.V.), and statuslabels (such as Rare). Archaic labels are used with words once common but now characteristic of a style no longer prevalent in spoken and written English. For example, aff'right, meaning "to fill with fearj' is an archaic synonym of frighten and is labeled as such. Obs., for "obsolete," indicates that a term is used only in quotation or intentional archaism. For instance, the obsolete term affectionated, meaning "feeling and expressingaffection," is labeled (Obs. ) . Roget'sII contains very few archaic and obsoleteterms. Usagelabels such as Informal, Slang, and Poetic indicate various levels of usageand styles of expression that may or may not be appropriate in all contexts or situations. lnformal generally applies to those words that are commonly used in the spoken languageand in ordinary writing but that might not be considered appropriate in very formal or o{ficial context or circumstances. The word chummy, for example, carries an lnformallabelin the synonym list at friendly, anddizzg, meaning "given to lighthearted silliness,"carries the same label when it appearsin the synonym list at sense1 ofgiddy. Slang, on the other hand, is a style of languagecharacteristicof very casual speech. Slang comprises words and special sensesof words denoting things in an exceptionally vivid, humorous, irreverent, or sarcasticmanner. For example, in the synonym list at die the following terms bear Slang labels: check out, croak, kick in, and kick off. The label Poetic applies to words most often used in verse. An example ofaterm labeled Poetic isaurorawhen it is used to mean "dawn." Dialect labels such as Regional and Chieflg Regional indicate that a term is indigenous to a particular geographic area. For example, the word piece, a synonym of distance, is used by ipeakers only in a limited part of the United States.Hence it carries the label Regional_The word unluck, meaning "misfortune," is labeled Chieflg Regional because it is used chiefly but not exclusively in the southern part of this country. Language labels such as Brit. distinguish between British English and American English. Examples of British Commonwealth labels include: bluebottle (Brit.), a synonym at policeman; bonny(Sc ot.), asynonym at beautif ul;funk2 (Chleflg Brit.), a synonym at cow?rdice; and bails (Austral.), a synonym at tob. In a few instancesidioms are labeled if they are clearly British; at definition I of escape oerb the idiom "do a bunk" carries a Brit. label. In some casesSlang and

XIV Regional labels are combined with Brit.labels to show specialusagelevels and styles. For example, the adjective thuffa, meaning "glum," is labeled Bilt. Regtoialbecause it occurs in certain provincial British dialects. And the verb dip, meaning "to pawn,' is not only a Briticism; it is also considered a slang term in British English. Hence it is labeled Brit. Slang. Some synonyms are labeled accordingto the fields ofknowledge with *hi"h they are primarily associated.For instance, the word.diss-olueh-asa special meaning, "to make a film image dir"ppear gradually."This senseis therefore labeled Motlon Pic, {r T.V.ln the synonym list at inse l bf fade out oerb, a mairnentry also carrying this label. Another example is the ,u.rr" of competence meaning "conferred power"-a sensecarrying the label Law. The statuslabel Rare means that a term is seldom ifever used. The verb discuss,meaning "to eat," is an example of a synonym so labeled. The eight parts of speechare labeled in italics and appear in all boldface entries and subentries.

Abbreviations Usedin ThisBook An alphabetical list of the abbreviations used in Roget's// along with their expansionsis given below.

Atrut. Art,hit. Austral. Biol. Bot. Brit, Cun. Chem. Eccles. Econ. Ed, Eng. esp. Geol. Geom. Gk. Hist. Ir.

Anatomy Architecture Australian Biology Botany British Canadian Chemistry Ecclesiastical Economics Education English especially Geology Geometry Greek History Irish

lour. Ling. Med, Mil. Motion Pb. C" T.V. Mus. Msth. l,laut. NewZeal, Obs. Path. Phon. Phgsiol. Print. Psgchoanal. Psgchol Rhet. Rom. Scot. usu. Vet. Med. Zool.

Journalism Linguistics Medicine Military Motion Pictures & Television Music Mythology Nautical New Zealand Obsolete Pathology Phonetics Physiology Printing Psychoanalysis Psychology Rhetoric Roman Scottish usually Veterinary Medicine Zoology

aback adoerb Without adequatepreparation. abandon oerb 1. To grveup without intendingto return or claim again:abandonedhis uife and,chililren. 2. To let (something)go. claim, or right. 3. To grveup a possession, 4. To ceasetrying to accomplishor continue: abandonedher studiesfor lnck of funds.

5. To yietd (oneself)unrestrainedly,as to a particular impulse. abandon rrDrrn l. A completesurrenderof inhibitions:plnyingthe flute wth abandon. 2. A careless,often recklessdisregardfor consequences: rides his motorcycl.e uith abandon. ad,iectioe abandonei l. Having been given up and left alone: an abandoned hune. 2. Lacking in moral restraint: an. aband.onedbrute.

abandonment rwtrn of hisfr"ilA. l. The act of forsaking:his abandonnwnt claim,or right. 2. A givingup of a possession, 3. A complete surrender of inhibitions. abase oerb of esteem,self-worth,or effectiveness. To deprive abash oerb distressed. To cause(a person)to be self-consciously abashed ad,iectilse Distressedand ill at ease. abashment nou,n distress. Self-conscious abate oerb 1. To grow or causeto gow graduallyless. 2. To becomelessactive or interse. abatemenl nou,n 1. The act or processof decreasing. 2. An amountdeducted. 3. The act or processof becominglessactive or intense. abbreviate oerb 1. To make short or shorter.

UNAWARES.

l. Syns; deserf, forsake, leaver, quit, throw over, walk out on. 2. nnr,rNqursn. 3. esorcern. 4. Syns: desist, discontinue, forswear (aho foreswear), gpve up, lay ofr (Slnng), quit, renounce, stop, swear off (lnfornwl). -Idiarrus call it a day, call it quits, hang up the fiddle, have done with, throw in the towel. 5. crve own at give.

1. Syns; abandonment, incontinence, unrestraint, wantonness, wildness. 2, Syns: heedlessness,thouglrtlessness.

l. Syns; derelict, deserted, destitute (Obs.), forlorn, forsaken, lorn (Poetb). 2. Syns: dissolute, incontinent, licentious, profl igate, unbridled, unconstrained, uncontrolled, ungoverned, uninhibited, unrestrained, wanton, wild. l. Syn: desertion. 2. esorcenoN. 3. esANDoNrwun, trttw-n Derb. EMBARRASS.

oerb. 1. uBcnpe.sn 2. sussron. twun. 1. ppcnrlsg 2. opoucttoN. 3. w,rNs rwrtn.

1. snonrnN.

2

abdicate 2. To make short or shorter by or as if by cutting.

2. rnuNcern.

abdicate oerb To give up a possession,claim, or right: The queen abdicated the throne in 1948.

abdication rwurr A giving up of a possession, claim, or riSfi: her abilication of h er re sporxibilitie s.

Syns: abandon, cede, demit, hand over, quitclaim, relinquish, render (up), renounce, resign, surrender, waive, yield. Syns,' abandonment, demission, quitclaim, renunciiation, resignation, surrender, waiver.

abduct oerb To seize and detain (a person) unlawfully.

KIDNAP.

abecedarianalsoabecedary nuun One lacking professiond skill and easein a particular pursuit. abecedary noun aberrance or ?berrancy noun The conditionof being abnormal. aberrancy nuun aberrant ad;iecthn 1. Departingfrom the normal. 2. Strayingfrom a proper courseor standard. noun aberation l. The conditionof being abnormal. 2. Seriousmental illnessor disorderimpairinga person'scapacrtyto function normally and safely. abet oerb To give support or assistance. abeyance dso abeyancy rmun The conditionof being temporarilyinactive: hold a decisinnin abeyarrce;concerkqt in abeyanceuith chemotherapy. abeyancy rmun abeyant adiectiue Existing in a temporarily

hidden form.

abhor oerb To regard with utter contempt and disdain. abhorrence noun, l. Extremehostility and dislike. 2. A feelingof fear and repugnance. abhorrenl adtiectioe So objectionableas to elicit despisal. abide oerb 1. To put up with. 2. To remainin existenceor in a certain statefor an indefinitelylong time. 3. To stop temporarilyand remain,as if reluctant to leave. 4. To have as one'sdomicile,usu.for an extended period. 5. To continueto be in a place. abide by oerb To act in conformity with. abide by oerb abiding ad,iecthse Existing or remainingin the samestate for an indefinitelylong time. abifity noun l. Physical,mental,financial,or legal power to perform: had the ability to l,eamphysits. 2. Natural or acquiredfacility in a specificactivity: has fne teclmical ability.

AMATEUR.

sEEabecedarian. ABNORMALITY.

srn abberance. 1. e-sNonMAL. 2. BnneNr. 1. esNonlar-rrv. 2. nvs,lNrrv.

nw.p oerb. Syns; dormancy, intermission, latency, quiescence (a/so quiescency), remission, suspension. snn abeyance. LATENT.

DESPISE.

1. nern rwun. 2. nonnon. FILTHY.

1. BNouns. 2. rrvounn. 3. prsn oerb.

4. 5. nruew. FOLLO\v.

sEEabide.

l. Syns:ableness,capability,capacity, competence (alsocompetency), faculty, might. 2. Syns:adeptness,command,craft, expertise,expertism,expertness,knack,

about

3 know-how(Informal), master], proficiency,skill.

abjuration rwun A formal statement of disavowal. oerb abjure To disavow (something previously written or said) irrevocably and usu. formally. abfaze adiectioe On fire. able adiectioe Having the ability to perform well: an able attomey.

adiectitse abfe-bodied Physically strong and healthy: able-bodied goung men helping to mooe the fumiture.

RETRACTTON.

au fait (French),capabte, ;;';"rt, competent,good,proficient, qualified, skilled, skillful. syns.' strapplng,sturdy.

ableness rmun

Physical,mental,financial,or legal power to perform. abnormal adiectioe Departingfrom the normal: an abnormalinterestin bats. abnormality noun The conditionof being abnormal:an abrwrmalitAin his oision. abode noun A building or shelterwhere one lives. abolish oerb 1. To put an end to formally and with authority: Zhe . Thirteenth Amendtrnentabolished slarsery 2. To destroyall tracesof. abolishment twun An often formal act of putting an end to. abolition noun An often formal act of putting an end to: the abolition of slaaery.

ABILITY.

Syns: aberrant, anomalistic, anomalous, atypical (ako atypic), deviant, deviate, devirating, deviative, divergent, preternatural, unnatural. Syns: aberrance or aberrancy, aberration, anomalism, anomaly, deviance, deviancy, deviation, preternaturalness. HOME.

l. Syns; abrogate, annihilate, annul, cancel, invalidate, negate, nnllify, repeal, rescind, set aside, vitiate, void. 2. eNrqrnrr-e,rr. ABOLITION.

Syns; abolishment, abrogation, annihilation, annulment, defeasance, extinguishment, invalidation, negation, nullification, repeal, rescindment, rescission.

abominable adiectine 1 . HATEFUL. 1. Eliciting or deservinghate. 2. 2. Too awful to be described. abominate oerb wtrn oerb. To regardwith extremedislike and hostility. abomination rwun 1. nerp rwun. 1. Extremehostility and dislike. 2. nerr rwun. 2. An obiectof extremedislike. aboriginal adiectiae Belongingto one becauseof the place or circumstances NATTvEad;iectioe. of one'sbtth. abort rserb MISCARRY. To bring forth a nonviablefetus prematurely. abound oerb TEEMT. To overflow with. abounding adiecthse ALI\IE. Full of animationand activitY. about adoerb 1. eecx adoerb. 1. In or toward a former locationor condition. 2. aA.cxwA.xoadoerb. 2. Toward the back.

about-face 3. Near to in quantity or amount. about-face u"rb To turn sharply around. 'nout abracadabra' l. Wordy, unclearjargon. 2. Esoteric,formulaic,and often incomprehensible _ speechrelating to the occult. abrade oerb . To.make(the skin) raw by or as if by friction. abridge oerb To make short or shorter by or as if by cutting. abridgment rwun A short summaryprepared by cutting down a larger work. abrogate oerb - To put_an end to formally and with authority. abrogation twun An often folmal act of putting an end to. abrupt a.d:iecthse l. Happening-quickl/and without warning: his abnryt dcparturefor New York. 2. Rudely unceremoniottsgaoean abrupt, barely cioil af8u)eL

3. So qhafplyinclined as to be almostpeqpendicular. abscond itn U To break looseand leave suddenly,as from conffnementor from a difficult or threateningsituation. absence noun 1. Failure to be present:his constantabsencefrorn meetings. 2. The condition of lacking a usualor neededamount: - aryabsetrceof relinblc information. absent adiectioe l. Not present:absentfrorn her ofice. 2. Deficient in a usualor neededamount:iunk foodsin which rwtrition is absenL 3. So lost in thought as to be unawareof one's surroundings. -noun absentation Failure to be present. absent-minded adiectioe So lost in thought as to be unawareof one's surroundings: an absent-mind,ed professor. absolute adiectioe l. Having and e-xer_cising complete political power and control:an absoluterulur.

f. Suprelely excellentin quality or nature. 3. Free from extraneouselemenis. 4. Completelysuch,without qualificationor exception, 5. Without limitationsor mitigatingconditions. absolutely adtserb l. Without question:absolutelythe firwst paintingin the galbry. 2. In truth. 3. It is so; asyou sayor ask.

3. eppnoxrMATEr.y. oovnrn oerb. 1. crssnnrsH. 2. cmsrnrsx.

CHAFE. TRUNCATE. SYNOPSIS.

ABOLISH. ABOLITION.

l. Syns; h*ty, hurried, precipitant, precipitate, sudden. 2. Syns: blunt, brief, brusque, crusty, curt, gnr-ff, short, short-spoken, snippety, snippy. 3. srpnpr. r,scl^pnaerb.

1. Syns: absentation, nonappearance, nonattendance. 2. Syns: dearth, default (Obs.), defect, deficiency, lack, miss (Regiornl), want. 1. Syns; away, gone, missing, wanting. 2. Syns: lacking, wanting. 3. ensm.t-MTNDED.

ABSENCE.

Syns: absent, abstracted, bemused, distrait, faraway, inattentive, inconscient, preoccupied. -ldiorns a million miles away, off in the clouds. l. Syns: absolutist (a/so absolutistic), arbitrary, autarchic (a/so autarchical), autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, monocratic, totalitarian, tyrannical (also tyrannic ), tyrannous. 2. prnrncr. 3. punr adiectiae. 4, urrrn2. 5. uxcorrorrroNAl. l. Syns; certainly, doubtless, positively. 2. nrer-r,v. 3. yrs adoerb.

abstract

5 absolution nou,n The act or an instance of forgiving.

FORGIVENESS.

absolutism ruoun 1. A government in which a single leader or party exercises absolute control over all citizens and every aspect of their lives: Absotutlsm preoail'ed before the coup d'dtat. 2. A political doctrine advocating the principle of absolute rule: a strongbelief in absolutisrn held by reactiorwries.

1. Syns; autarchy, autocracy, dictatorship, monocracy.

2. Syns: authoritarianism, autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, totalitarianism.

absofutistalsoabsolutistic adiectiae Having and exercising complete political power and control. adiecthse absofutistic oerb absolve l. To free from a charge or imputation of guilt. 2. To free from an obligation or duty.

absorb oerb 1. To take in and incolporate,esp.mentally: quickly absorbed.ncusid.eas. 2. To occupy the full attention of: His medicalpractice absorbedhim. absorbed adiecthse Having one'sthoughtsfully occupied:absorbedin painting. absorbenl ad;iectioe Having a capacityor tendencyto absorbor soak:uP:an absorbentfabric. absorbing adiectiae Catching and holding the full attention: an absorbtng book. absorption rTaun l. The processof absorbingand incolporating,esp. mentally:her absorytionof her mentor'sopinions. 2. Total occupationof the attentionor of the mind: cornpleteabsorptionin the work at hand. absorptive adiectioe Havinga capacityor tendencyto absorbor soakup. absquatulate oerb Slang.To break looseand leave suddenly,as from confinementor from a difficult or threateningsituation. abstain oerb To hold oneselfback. abstemious adiecthse Exercisingmoderationand self-restraintin appetites and behavior. abstentious adiecth;e Exercisingmoderationand self-restraintin appetites and behavior. abstinence noun The practice of refrainingfrom use of alcoholic beverages.

ABSOLUTE.

srr absolutist, l. crr,an oerb. 2. nxcvsn aerb. 1. Syns; assimilate, digest, imbibe, insorb, soak up. 2. Syns: consume, engross,immerse, monopolize, preoccupy. Syns: consumed, deep, engrossed, immersed, intent, preoccupied, rapt, wrapped up. Syns: absorptive, assimilating, assimilative, bibulous. Syns; consuming, engrossing, enthralling, gripping. 1. Syns; assimilation, digestion. 2, Syns: engrossment, enthrallment, preoccupation. ABSORBENT.

nscrpn oerb.

REFRAIN.

TEMPERATE.

abstinent Exercising moderation and self-restraint in appetites and behavior. adiectixe abstract l. Existing only in concept and not in reality. 2. Concerned with or restricted to a theory or theories. abstract nutn A short summary prepared by cutting down a larger work.

TEMPERATE.

l. rxronrrrcet-. 2. rrrnonnrlcAl-.

abstracted abstract oerb l. To removefrom association with. 2. To recapitulatethe salientfactsof. abstracted- adiectiae So lost in thought as to be unawareof one's surroundings. abstraction noun The condiitionof being so lost in solitarythought as to be unawareof one'ssurroundings. abstruse adiectirse . Beyondthe understandingof an averagemind. absurd adiectioe So senseless as to be laughable. absurdity rwun Foolishbehavior. abundance noun of life's necessities. - Prosperityand a su-fficiency abundant adiectioe 1. Characterized by abundance. _2. Largein numberor yield. abuse oerb l. To hnrt or injure by maltreatment:abusedtheir lungsby srrnkingheatsily. 2. To use-wrongly and improperly: Someemployees abusedtheir prioilegesand,anioed at noon. 3. To take advantageof unfairly: abusedher hospitality by staying too ling. 4. To attack with harsh,often insultinglanguage. abuse rwun 1. Wrong, often corrupt use: the abuseof power. 2. Physically harmful treatment: Child abtne is a uime. _3. Harsh, often insulting language.

abusion rmun

Obs. Wrong, often corrupt use. abusive a[iectixe Of, relating to, or characterized by verbal abuse: abusirseremarks. abut oerb To be contiguous or next to. abutting adiectioe Sharing a common boundary. abysmal ad,iectioe 1. Extending far downward or inward from a surface. 2. Open wide. abyssal ad.iectitse Op"n wide. academic adiectiae l. Characterized by a narrow concern for book learning and formal rules, without knowledge or experience of practical matters. 2. Concerned with or restricted to a theorv or theories. aGcede oerb To respond affirmatively; receive with agreement or compliance,

DETACH.

nnvtnw aerb. ABSENT-MINDED,

TRANCE.

onnv adiectioe. FOOLISH,

FOOLISHNESS.

PLENTY

TMUN,

l. cnNpnous. 2. nrew adjectioe. l. Syns: ill-use, maltreat, mishandle, mistreat, misuse. 2. Syns: misapply, misappropriate, misemploy, mishandle, misuse, pervert. 3. Syns; exploit, impose (on or upon), presume (on or upon), we (lnformal). 4. nrvnr. 1. Syns; abusion (Obs.), misapplication, misappropriation, misemployment, mishandling, misuse, perversion. 2. Syns: maltreatment, mistreatment, misusage. 3. vrruprnATroN. ABUSE NOUN,

Syns: contumelious, invective, obloquious, opprobrious, reviling, scurrilous, vituperaUve. ADJOTN. ADJOINING.

1. onnp adiectiae. 2. yewr.IrNc. YAWNING.

l. proarvrrc.

2. rrmonpTrcAr.. assnNr oerb.

accelerate oerb To increase the speed of. aGGent twun 1. Special weight placed upon something considered important.

SPEEDur at Speed. 1. nupHesrs.

accessory

7 2. A particular vocal quality that indicates some emotion or feeling. accent oerb To accord emphasis to. adiectioe accented Expressed or performed with emphasis.

accentuate oerb to. To accordemphasis accentuated adiectioe Expressed or performed with emphasis.

2. toNe.

EMPHASIZE.

EMPHATIC.

EMPHASIZE.

EMPHATIC.

accentuation rruun Special weight placed upon something considered important. oerb accept l. To receive (something given or offered) willingly and gladly: going to Swednn to accqt the award. 2. To admit to one's possession,presence, or awareness. 3. To allow admittance, as to a grouP: was accepted for membership in the country club. 4. To be favorably disposed toward. 5. To regard (something) as true or real. 6. To put uP with. 7. To iespond affirmatively; receive with agreement or comPliance. 8. To plrceive and recognize the meaning of. adiectir;e accePtable l. -apable of being accepted: an acceptable applicant; an acceptable $ft, 2. Of moderately-good quality but less than excellent: an acceptable dissertationby a capable studcnt.

acceptance rwun

l. The act or process of accepting: his acceptante of

the suggestion. 2. Favorableregard: The theorg slanly gained accaptunce. acceptanl ad,iecthse Ready and willing to receive favorably, as new ideas.

EMPHASIS.

1. Syns; embrace, take up, welcome. 2. necnrvE. 3, Syns; admit, receive, take in. 4. 5, 5. 7,

eppnovr. snr,tsvE. rwounn. essnvr.

8. uxnpnsrar.o. 1. Syns; admissible, unobjectionable. 2. Syns: adequate, average, common, decent, fair, fairish, goodish, indifierent, O.K. (Inforrnal), passable, respectable, satisfactory, sufficient, tidy (lnf ormal), tole rable. 1. Syns; acquiescence, agreement, assent, consent, nod, yes. 2. Syns: approbation, approval, favor.

RECEPTIVE.

accept:ation rwun That which is signified by a word or expression. adiectioe accepted Generally approved or agreed upon: accepted behapior'

MEANING.

Syns: conventional, orthodox, received, sanctioned.

acception noun That which is signified by a word or expression.

MEANING.

acceptive adiectioe Ready and willing to receive favorably, as new ideas. aCCeSS rwun 1. The right to enter or make use of. 2. A sudden, violent expression, as of emotion. 3. A sudden and often acute manifestation of a disease' ad;iectitse accessible 1. Easily apProached. 2. Available for use.

accession rwun

Something tending to augment something else' aCCeSSOfY rtoun Something that attaches as a supplementary part' accessory adiectitse

RECEPTIVE.

1. eoutssroN. 2. ournunsr. 3. sprzunp. 1. eppnoecHABLE. 2. oprN a.diectioe. ADDITION.

ATTACIIMENT.

accident Giving.or able to give help or support. aGGlOent rwun 1. An unexpected and usu. undesirable event: a trafic accident. 2. An unexpected random event. accidental adiectioe l. Occurring unexpectedly: an accidental meeting. 2. Not part of the real or essential nature of a thing: The secondary plot was accidental to the norsel,

acclaim oerb To express warm approval of. acclaim noun An expressionof warm approval. acclima:te oerb 1. To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use. 2. To make resistant to hardship, esp. through continued exposure. acclimation n(ru,n A{justqent_to a changing environment.

acclimatization rwun

Adjushnent to a changing environment.

acclimatize oerb

1. To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use. 2. To make resistant to hardship, esp. through continued exposure.

AUxrLrARyadiectiae. 1. Syns: casualty, contretemps, misadvenfure, mischance, misfortune, mishap. 2. cneNcn twun. l. Syns; casual, chance, contingent, fluky, fortuitous, inadvertent, odd. 2. Syns: adscititious (also adcititious), adventitious, incident (Archaic), incidental, supervenient. pnttsn oerb. PRAISE NOUN.

1,. enapr. 2. HennrN.

ADAPTATION. ADAPTATION.

l. aoaer. 2. uanonN.

acclivity noun An upward slope.

accOla-de,wui Recognition of achievement or superiority or a sign of this.

accomm0date oerb

l. To have the room or capacity for: a rooyn that can accomtrndnte a large crowd. 2. To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use. 3. To bring into accord. provide with often temporary lodging. 1. f" 5. To perform a service or a courteous act. accommodating adiectioe Ready to do favors for another.

accommodation rwun

ASCENT. DISTINCTION.

1. Syns; contain, hold. 2. dol'pr. 3. uenlrowrze. 4. unanon oerb. 5. oer.lcn. OBLICING.

The condition of being made suitable to an end.

ADAPTATION.

l. One that accompanies another: Unemployment is an accornpaniment of recessions. 2. Something added to another for embellishment or completion: Croutons are a good accornpaniment to soup.

l. Syns: associate,attendant, companion, concomitant. 2. Syns: augmentation, complement, enhancement, enrichment.

accompaniment noun

accompany oerb To be with oI go with (another): Thundcr accompani.es lightning. Jack accornpanied his ni,ece to the prernidre. accompanying adiectiae Occurring in company with: u;ar and its accontpanying honors. accomplish aerb To succeed in doing: accornplished her obiectioe and won the race.

Syns; attend, companion, company (Rare), consort (Obs.), escort. -th*n hand in hand with.

go

Syns: attendant, attending, coincident, concomitant, concurrent. Syns; achieve, attain, gain, reach, realize, score.

accredit

9 adiectine accomplished Very proficient as a result of pracUce and study: an accomplished nnnician. rwun accomplishment 1. Something completed successhrlly: Winning the race u)os a real accomphshment. 2. Something done. aGcOrd oerb 1. To come to an understanding or to terms. 2.To be compatible or in correspondence. 3. To give formally or officiallY. 4. To let have as a favor or privilege. accord twun I. Harmonious mutual understanding. 2. The quality or condition of being in complete mutual agreement. 3. An act or state of agreeing between parties regarding a course of action. 4. A formal, usu. written settlement between nations. 5. Pleasing agreement, as of musical sounds.

accordance rwun 1. The act or state of agreeing or conforming. 2. The act of conferring, as of an honor. adiectioe accordanl l. In keeping with one's needs or exPectations. 2. Having components pleasingly combined. aCCOSt oerb To approach for the purpose of speech: uas accosted by pbiltloners outsiile the door of the chamber. noun accouchement Frerrch. The act or process of bringing forth young. acGOUnt rwun 1. A recounting of Past events. 2. A statement of causesor motivest She was asked to $tse an account for het tardiness. 3. A precise list of fees or charges: My accu.mt has been paid in full. 4. A meas.tre of those qualities that determine merit, desirability, usefulness, or importance. 5. A feeling of deference, approval, and liking. 6. The qualtty of being suitable or adaptable to an end' 7. e harbored grievance demanding satisfaction. account oerb To look upon in a Particular waY. account for oerb To ofier reasons for or a cause of: He had groum u'p in seoeral different countries, which accou,nted for his mplaceable foretgn accent. adiectioe accountable 1. Legally obligated. 2. Capable of being accounted for.

account for oerb accouter oerb

To supply with what is neededfor someactivity or purpose. accouterments noun Thingsneededfor a task,journey,or other Purpose. accredit oerb 1. To regardasbelongingto or resultingfrom anotller. 2. To give authoritYto.

Syns; finished, practiced, skilled.

1. Syns; achievement, acquirement, acquisition, attainment, effort, feat. 2. tcr rwun. 1. 2. 3. 4.

ecnnB. ecnnn. coxrrn. cntxr perb.

l. ecnpuvrpvr. 2. urqeNn'nrv. 3. ecnsnMpNr. 4. rnterv. 5. nenuorw. 1. ecnBnunNr. 2. courrnMENT. 1. ecnrpenr-8. 2. svuunrnlcer,. Syns: greet, hail, salute.

BIRTH

nrUhn.

1. stonv. 2. Syns: explanation, justificaUon, rationale, rationalization, reason -Idiom why and wherefore. 3. Syns; bilF, invoice, reckoning statement, tab. 4. wonnr. 5. rsrsrld rnun. 6. use rnun. 7. scons twun, npcenn wrb. Syns: explain, jirstify, rationalize.

1. r-resr-n. 2. nxpr,erNesln. sEEaccount. FURNISH,

OUTFIT

|WUN.

l. errnrsurs oerb. 2. euuronrzp.

accretion aGCretiOn rwun The result or product of building up. aCCfUe Derb To bring togetherso as to increasein massor number. acculturate oerb To fit for companionshipwith others,esp.in attitude or manners. aGcumulate oerb To bring togetherso as to increasein massor number: accumulateda great deal of nwneAin a short time. Srwtab_egqn to accumul,ateon the-patsernent. accumula-tion noun 1. A quantity accumulated:an accumulationof iunk in the attic. 2. The result or product of building up. accumulative adiectioe Increasing,as in force, by successive additions:the accwru^rlatioe unhealthy efect of mnking. aCCUraCy noun l. Freedomfrom error: checkedthe resultsfor occuracy. 2. Correspondencewith fact or truth. accurate ad;iecth:e 1. Having no errors: an accuratecalculationof expenses. 2. Conformingto fact: an accurated"escription of the hotrce. aCCUrateness nuun Freedomfrom error. aCCUrse oerb Rare. To invoke evil or inirry upon. acGursed adiectirse So annoying or detestableas to deservecondemnation. 't aCCuSal lun A chargingof someonewith a misdeed. aCCUSant noun 1. One that accuses. 2. One that makesa formal complaint,esp.in court. aCCUSatiOn rmun A chargingof someonewith a misdeed:an accrnation that she had cornmittedmarder. accusative adiecthse Containing,relating to, or involving an accusation. accusatorial alsoaccusatory adiectioe Containing,relating to, or involving an accusation: pointing an accusatorialfinger at the defendant. accusatory adiectiae aCCUSe aerb To make an accusationagainst:acctnedthe seruttorof acceptinga bribe. accuse rnun Obs.A chargingof someonewith a misdeed. aCCUSed naun Law. A-perso_n ?gainstwhom an action is brought: Zhe accusedpbaded imtacenL

l0 BUrLD-uPat build up. ACCUMULATE. SOCIALIZE.

Syns: accrue, agglomerate, aggregate, amass,collectl, cumulate, garner, gather, hive, pile up, roll up. 1. Syns; acervation, agglomeration, aggregation, amassment, assemblage, collection, congeries,cumulation, cumulus, garner, mass. 2. nurr-n-ur at buifd up. Syns: additive, additory, cumulative.

l. Syns; accurateness,correctness, exactitude, exactness,preciseness, precision, rightness. 2. vnnecrry. 1. Syns; correct, errorless. 2, Syns: correct, exact, faithful, precise, proper, right, rigorous, true, veracious, veridical. ACCURACY.

cuasn oerb. DAMNED. ACCUSATION.

l. eccusnn. 2. coupr,erNANT. Syns: accusal,accuse (Obs.), charge, denouncement, denunciation, imputation, incrimination, indictm ent (Laus). ACCUSATORIAL.

Syns: accusative,accusive, denunciative, denunciatory, incriminating, incriminative. sEEaccusatorial. Syns; arraigp, charge (with), denounce, denunciate, incriminate, inculpate, indict, taJ(. ACCUSATION.

S. yns: defendant (Lau), respondent (Law).

achieve

1l aCCUSef nou,n One that accuses: confronted his accuser in open court. adiectioe accusive Containing, relating to, or involving an accusation. oerb accustom To make familiar through constant practice or use: She accustomed her eyes to the bright sunlight. adiectioe accustomable Obs. Commonly practiced or used.

Syns; accusant,denouncer, denunciator, incriminator, indictor (also indicter). ACCUSATORIAL.

Syns.' acquaint (Obs.), condition, familiarize (Archaic), habituate, inure, wont. CUSTOMARY.

accustomary adiectioe Archaic. Commonly practiced or used. adiectioe accustomed l. Familiar through repetition: uickets mttkingtheir accustomed rnises. 2. Commonly practiced or used. accustomedto adiectioe In the habit of: He was a bachelor and acantorned to doingthings his oum way. adiectirse accustomedto aGgl noun The least bit. aBe2 rwun L, Informal. A person with a high degree of knowledge or skill. 2. Something, esp. something held in reserve, that gives one a decisive advantage. adiectioe acerb 1. So sharp as to cause mental Pain. 2. Having a noUceably sharp, pungent taste or smell. 3. Having a taste characteristic of that produced by acids. 4, Given to or expressing sarcasm. ad;iectiae acerbic 1. So sharp as to cause mental Pain. 2.Having-a noticeably sha4l, pungent taste or smell. 3. Having a taste characteristic of that produced by acids. 4. Given to or expressing sarcasm.

CUSTOMARY.

l. Syns; chronic, habitual, routine. 2. cusrouenv, Syns; used to, wont to. sEEaccustomed. DAMN NOUN,

l. nxpnnr noun. 2. rnuup naun.

l' errrNc. 2. errrrn atliectiae. 3. soun adiectioe. 4. sencasrrc. 1. srrrNc. 2. srrrnn adiectioe. 3. soun adiectioe. 4, sencasuc.

acerbity noun Ironic, bitter humor designed to wound.

SARCASM.

acervation rwun A quantity accumulated. adiectioe acetose adiectioe acetous also ac€tose Having a taste characteristic of that produced by acids. ache oerb 1. To have or cause a feeling of physical pain or discomfort. 2. To have a strong longing for. 3, To experience or expresscompassion. ache noun A sensation of physical discomfort occurring as the result of diseaseor injurY. adiectioe Acheronian Dark and depressing. adiectioe Acherontic Dark and depressing. oerb achieve To succeed in doing.

ACCUMULATION.

sm acetous. sovn adiectitse. L, Hvar aerb. 2. onsrnn oerb. 3. rnr;, oerb. PATN NOUN.

GLOOMY.

GLOOMY. ACCOMPLISH.

achievement

L2

achievement nou,n l. Something completed successfully. 2. A great or heroic deed. aching* adiectitse Marked by, causing, or experiencing physical pain. acicular adiectiae flavjng an end tapering to a point. aClCUlate adiectirse fl3ving- an end tapering to a point. acf O adiectioe l. S_oshalp as to cause mental pain, 2. Having a taste characterisUcbf that produced by acids. acidic adiectirse as to cause mental pain. lq **p acidulous adiectiae characteristic of that produced by acids. ^-ltlyg ".taste terb acknOwledge l- To recognize, often reluctantly, the reality or truth of: He acknaraledged his mistake. 2. To expr_essrecognition of: acknowtedged his d,uty . towgrd his family.

acknowfedgenient twun acknowledgmentalso acknowledgementnoun

1. The act of admitUng to somethiig, her - acknowledgment of her enor. 2. FavorableioUce, L of an achievement. aCme nutn The highest point or state. acquaint oerb 1. To make known socially: The cou,plegot acquainted. at a party. 2. To cause to know about or be aware of. 3. Ob* To make familiar through constant practice or use.

L . ACCOMPLISHMENT. 2 . FEAT.

POINTED. POINTED.

1. srrNc. 2. soun adiectioe.

BITING.

sovn adiectiae. l. Syns: admit, allow, avow, concede, confess,fess up (Slang), grant, own (up), 2. Syns: admit, recognize. srn acknowledgment. L Syns: admission,avowal, confession. 2. nncocxrrroN. CLIMAX

TIOUN.

l. Syns: introduce, present2, quaint2 (Archaic). 2. rxronnr. 3, eccustou.

acquaintance noun l. Personal knowledge deriv,ed from participation or observation: has a m.ore than passing acluaintance with baroque music. 2. A person whom one knows casually: met,seoeral acquaintarrces on the street.

l. .Syns: experience, familiarity. 2. Syns: acquaintant (Obs.), friend.

acquaintant noun

Obs..A.person , _whomone knows casually. acquaanted adiectioe Having good knowledge of.

acquiesce wrb To respond affirmatively; receive with ageement or compliance. aCqUlesGenGe rwun l. The act or process of acceptinq. 2. T\2 qualityor state of willingl| carrying out the wishes of others. acquiescent ad;iectitse l. Disposed to accept or agree. 2. Submitting without oblecUon or resistance. aCqUlre oerb To come into -rnun possessionof.

acquirement

ACQUATNTANCE. FAMTLTAR adiectiae.

essrwr oerb.

1. accrprexce. 2. oepornNcp.

l. wrr,r-trc. 2. pessrw. GET.

Something completed successfully.

ACCOMPLISHMENT.

Something completed successfully.

ACCOMPLISHMENT.

acguisition ,win

action

13 adiecthse acquisitive Having a strong urge to obtain or possesssomething, esp. material wealth, in quantity. aCqUlSltlVeneSS noun Excessivedesire for more than one needs or deserves'

GREEDY.

GREED.

acquit oerb l. To conduct oneself in a specified way. 2.To free from a charge or imputation of guilt. aGfes noun Lau. Usu. extensive real estate. aGrid adiectioe 1. So sharp as to cause mental Pain. 2. Having a noticeably sharp, pungent taste or smell.

acridity noun Thequalityor stateof feelingbitter. acrimonious ad:iectiae Bjtinglyhostile. twun aGflmOn} The quality or state of feeling bitter. aGt noun, 1. The process of doing: the act of thinking. 2. Something done: an act of braoery. 3. The formal product of a legislative or judicial body. 4. Informal. A display of insincerebehavior: Her concem is iust an act. 5. A short theatrical piece within a larger production. act oerb 1, To play the part of: acted lullet in wmmer stock. 2. To produce on the stage. 3. To conduct oneself in a specified way: aluags acts like a IadY. 4. To behave affectedly or insincerely: is usually iwt acting when he shuos interest. 5. To react in a sPecified waY. act for oerb To perform the duties of anotherz In his btother's absence he acted for him. act uP oerb l.lnfonnal. To behave in a rowdy or unruly fashion. 2. tiformal. To work improperly due to mechanical difrculties.

l.

licr

oerb.

2, ctnnn oerb. LL}:{D fWUn.

1. snrNc. 2. srrrrn adiectioe. RESENTMENT.

RESENTFUL. RESENTMENT.

l. Syn: acUon. 2. Syns: accomplishment, action, actus, deed, doing, thing. 3. r-aw. 4. Syns: acting, dissemblance, masquerade, play-acting, Pose, pretense, sham, show, simulaUon. 5. sxrrcn noun. 1. Syns; do, enact, impersonate, perform, play-aet, portray, represent. 2. srtcn oerb. 3, Syns; acquit, bear, behave, carry, comport, demeanl, deport, disport, do, quit. 4. Syns: affect, assume, counterfeit, dissemble, fake, feign, play-act, 1rcse, pretend, put on, sham, simulate. 5. rur.IcrroN. Syns: function, officiate, serve.

1. MrssnHevE. 2. uer.ruNcrloN.

act for oerb actity oerb

SEEAGt.

To arouse to action. ad,iectioe acting Temporarily assuming the duties of another. acting noun 1. The art and occupation of an actor: usent into acting as a profession. 2. A display of insincere behavior. twun action 1. The process of doing. 2. Something done. 3. Larp. A l"gl proceeding to demand justice or enforce a right. 4. A hostile encounter between opposing military forces.

ACTIVATE.

TEMPORARY.

1. Syns; dramatics, play-acting, plapng stage. 2. licr rrcrun. l. ect noun. 2. trct rwun. 3, r-ewsurr. 4. coMser noun.

activate action oerb Law. To institute or subject to legal proceedings. actions noun The manner in which one behaves. activate oerb To arouse to action: trying to actiaate his wish to leam. active adiecthse 1. In action or full operation: an actiae aolcano; an actioe imagirwtion; an actiae saoings occount. ^ 2. Moving or performing quickly, lighily, and easily. 3. Disposed to action activity- twun Energeti_cphysic_alaction: grouing fat frorn too much food and too little actitsittl. adtivize r:erb To arouse to acUon. aGtOr nuun l. A theatrical performeri an actor on Broa&oay. 2. One who participates. actual adiectioe l. Occurring or existing in act or fact: The actual usorld as opposed to the ideal. 2. In agreement or correspondence witfr fact: made an actual contribution to {he inaestigation. 3. Based on fact: an actual accoun{of uhat happened.

actuality noun

l. The state or fact of having reality: ideas true in p_ossibilitybut not in achnlity. 2. Something that exists: turned"my drea.minto an actuality. 3. The t""lity of being factual: The story was in actualitq rnt tnte.

actualization noun The condiUon of being in full force or operation. actualize oerb To make real or actual. actually aduerb l. In point o{ fact: She said she usasuorking ushen ^ actmlly she was reading a noael. 2. At this moment. 3. In truth.

actuate aerb l. To arouse to action. 2. To set or keep going. 3. To put into acUon oi ,.se. act Up oerb actus noun Something done. aCUmen rwun Skill in perceiving, discriminating, or judging. acuminate oerb To give a sharp edge to. acuminate adiectioe BioI. Ha.ving an end tapering to a point. aCUmlnatlOn noun Biol.. A sharp or tapered end. acumf nOUS adiectioe Biol. Hauing an end tapering to a point. acute adiectiae l. Possessingor displaying perceptions of geat

L4 SUE. BEHAVIOR.

Syns.' actify, activize, acfuate, d;mamize, eneryize, galvanize, stimulate. 1. Syns; alive, functioning, going, live2, - operative, running, working. 2. NrMsr,r. 3. vrconous. Syns; exercise, exercising, exertion.

ACTIVATE,

l. Syns;player, thespian. 2. pantrcrpANT. 1. Syns: existent, existing, extant. 2. Syns: indisputable, real, true, undeniable. 3. Syns; factual, hard, sure-enough. l. Syns: being, existence. 2. Syns: materiality, reality. 3. Syns; fact, factuality, factualness, reality. EFFECT IMUN. REALIZE.

l. Syns; genuinely, indeed, really. 2. wow. 3. nrar.r,y. 1. ecrryarn. 2. onwn oerb. 3. vsn oerb. sEEact. ACT NOUN, DISCERNMENT.

SHARPEN. POINTED. POINT nau,n. POINTED.

l. Syns; keenl, perceptive, sensitive,

additionallY

15 accuracy and sensitivity: an ocute obsen:er of the passing scene. 2. Having an end tapering to a,point. 3. Havinf or suggestingkeen, discerning intellect' 4. Mus. Elevated in Pitch. 5. Marked by severity or intensity. 6. So serious as to be at the point of crisis' adage noun A usu. pithy and familiar statement expressing an observition or principle generally accepted as wise or true. ad;iectiae adamant Firmly, often unreasonably immovable in purpose or will. ad;iectioe adamantine Firmly, often unreasonably immovable in purpose or will. oerb adapt To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use: The farnity quickly adnpted to cumtry life'

ad1ectioe adaPtable Capable of adapting or being adapted: An adaptable peison can lioe ha.ppily al:nnst ortyu>hete'

adaptationalsoadaPtion rynr

t. ftre condition olbeing madesuitableto an end: the adnpatlon of the n'ooelas a flrn. 2. Adjustnent io a changrngenvironment"madea quick adnPtationto the neu iob. adapiative adiectioe Capableof adaptingor being adapted. adaption rmun adaptive adiectine Capableof adaptingor being adapted' adcit:itious adiectioe add oerb l. To join so as to form a larger or more comprehensiveentity: addeda neu)uingto the library. 2. To combine(figut"t) to form a sum: adding the debit colu"nmin the l.edger. add uP to oerb 1. To have or conveya particular idea. 2. To come to in number or quantitY' added adiectioe Being an addition. addition rwun 1. The act or processof adding:the waiter's add'ition of the pnce of the d,htnerand the tax. 2. Somethingtendingto augment,somethingelse The to the staf' Voungtaiyer prooeda real addition additional adiectioe What additiarwl infomatiort da 1. Being * "dditiottt you need? 2. Going beyond what currently exists' additionallY adoerb In addiUonzAdd'itinwlly he plnasedu^sby the excell'enceof his roork-

sharp. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

ponmnp. rxcrsrvn. utcn. snl'np. cnlrrcer,.

PROVERB.

STUBBORN.

STUBBORN.

Syns; acclimate, acclimatize, accommodate, adiust, conform, fashion, fit, reconcile (to or with), square, suit, tailor, tailor-make. Syns: adaptaUve, adaptive, adiustable, elastic, flexible, plastic, pliable, pliant, supple. 1. Syns: accommodation, adjustrnent, conformation. 2. Syns: acclimation, acclimatization.

ADAPTABLE.

sEEadaptation. ADAPTABLE.

srn adscititious. 1. Syns; annex, apPend, Plus. 2. Syns: cast, figure, foot (up), sum (uo), summate, tally, tot2 (up), total, totalize, totd (up). 1. ureNr. 2. t*tovwr oerb. ADDITIONAL.

1. Syns; summation, totalization. 2. SYns: accession,augmentation.

1. Syns: added, extra" fresh' further, more, new, other. 2. runrnnn adiectioe. Syns: also, besides, further, furthermore, item, more, still' -Idionrs as well, to boot.

additive

)

)

additive adiectitse 1. Involving addition: additioe,rwt subtractioe. Increasing,as in force, by successive additions. 3_._ additory adiectioe 1. Involving addition. 2_._ Increasing, additions. - as in force, by successive addle oerb To causeto be unclearin mind or intent. addfed adiectit:e Mentallv uncertain. address oerb her softly. l. I" direct speechto: ad.dressed 2. To talk to (an audience)formally: addrissedthe meeting. 3. Tg brug an appealor requestto the attentionof: add.ressed the mayor for a solutionto the problem. 4. To mark (a written communication)with its destinationzaddressedthe erwelope. 5. To devote (oneselfor one'sefforis). 9. To cause(something)to be conveyedto a destination. 7. To attempt to gain the afiection oi. address noun l. A usu. formal oral communicationto an audience. 2. A written inscription on a deliverable item giving its put the ur?ng addresson the poc*age. _ destination_: 3. Behaviorthroughwhich one revealsone's personality. 4. The ability to sayand do the right thing at the right time. 5. Skillfulnessin the useof the handsor body. addresses rwun Romanticattentions. adduce oerb To bring forward and quote for formal consideration. add up to oerb adept adiectioe H"tlg or demonstraUng a high degreeof knowledge or skill. adept rwu,n A personryrtJr_"high degreeof knowledgeor skill in a particular field. adeptness rmun Natural or acquiredfacility in a specificactivity. a0equaGy rwun An adequatequantity. adequate adiictioe. f . Of moderatelygood quality but lessthan excellent. 2. Being what isnEeded^withfutbeing in excess. adhere oerb To hold fast to. adherence noun The close'nou, physicalunion of two objects. adherent One who supportsand adheresto another. adhesion nnun The closephysical union of two objects. 'adiectioe adhesive .Havingthe property of adhering, a0leu nnun A- separationof two or more people. ad. intbrim o.diectilte Latin. Temporarilyassumingthe duties of another.

16 l. Syns.'additory, plus. 2. accuuuLATIVE. 1. epnrrryp. 2. eccumulATrvE. CONFUSE. CONFUSED.

l. Syns: speak (to), talk (to). 2. Syns: bespeak (Archaic), lecture, prelect (also praelect), speak (to). 3. Syns; appeal (to), apply (to), approach, petition, sue. 4. Syns: direct, superscribe. 5. epply. 5. srxo. 7. covnr oerb. 1. spsncH. 2. Syns: direcUon (Archaic), superscription. 3. nrenwc. 4. recr. 5. orxrnnrry. COURTSHIP,

pnrsnrvr€ oarb. snn add. rtrrERT adiectioe.

EXPERT NOUN.

ENOUGH NOU.N.

1. eccrprenr,n. 2. surrrcmxr adiectirse. r,oNo Derb. BOlliiD r10un. FOLLOWER.

B,OND noun. STICKY. PARTING NOUN. TEMPORARY.

administrant

L7 adiacent ad;iecnoe Sharinga commonboundary. adjoin oerb To be contiguousor next to: a lnt that adioinsou'rs.

adjoining adiectiae Sharinga commonboundary:took adioiningroonwin the hotel adjourn oerb To put off until a later time. adjournment rwun The act of putting ofi or the condition of being put off. adjudge oerb To make a decisionabout (a controversy,dispute,etc.) after deliberation,as in a court of law. adjudicate oerb To make a decisionabout (a controversy,dispute,etc.) after deliberation,asin a court of law. adjunct rwun Somethingthat attachesas a supplementarypart. adiust oerb 1. To alter (partsof a device)for proper functioning: adiust the oaloes. 2. To makeor becomesuitableto a particular situation or use. adjustable od,iectioe Capableof adaptingor being adapted. adjustment nutn The condition of being made suitableto an end. adjutant rwun to anotherand A personwho holds a positio_n_auxiliary assumessomeof his responsibilities. adjuvant adiectilse Giving or able to give help or support. ad-lib adiectioe lnforrnat. Spoken,performed,or composedwith little oi no preparationor forethouglrt. ad-lib aerb Inforrwl. To composeor recite without preparaUon. ad-lib rwun Inf orrnal.SomethingimProvised. admeasure oerb To set asideor distribute as a share. administer oerb 1. To have chargeof (the affairsof others):administer a colonY. 2. To oveiseethe provisionor executionof: administer iustice. 3. To provide as a remedyzafuninistera sedathse. 4. To mete out by meansof someaction. administerial adiecthse Of, for, or relating to administrationor administrators. administrable adiectioe Capableof being governed. administrant rwun A personhavingadministrativeor managerialauthority in an organization.

ADJOINING.

Syns: abut (on, upon, or against), border (on or upon), bound2, butts (on), ioin (Inforrnal), juxtapose, meetr, neiglnbor, touch, verge (on or upon). Syns: abutting, adjacent, aPProximd, bordering, conterminous, contiguous, joined (lnfonnal), juxtaposed, meeting, neighboring next, touching. oErnnl. DELAY |WUN,

lvoce oerb.

lvncn oerb.

ATTACHMENT.

1. Syns; attune, fix, regulate, setl, tune

("p). 2. enepr.

ADAPTABLE. ADAPTATION. ASSISTANT.

AuxrLrARYadiectioe. EXTEMPORANEOUS.

IMPROVISE. IMPROVISATION.

ALI..OT.

l. Syns; administrate, direct, govern, head, manage, run, suPerintend. 2. Syns: adminisffate, carry out, execute. 3. Syns; dispense, give (out). 4. ewn oerb. ADMINISTRATIVE.

GOVERNABLE.

EXECUTIVE

NUIN.

administrate

18

administrate aerb 1. To have charge of (the affairs of others). 2, To oversee thE provision or execution of.

administration noun

1. AuthoritaUve control over the affairs of others: rpas ^ y,sporuible for the ad,ministration of the proaince. 2. The giving of a medication, esp. by prescribed dosage: the administration of an antibiotic. administrational adiectioe of, for, or relating to administration or administrators. administrative adiecth:e Of, for, or relating to administration or administrators: an administratioe secrctary.

administrator noun

A person having administrauve or managerial authority in an organization. admirable adiectiae Deserving admiration: She has sorne really admirable qualities. admiration noun tgaing :f deference, approval, and liking. !. { 2. Archaic. The emotion aroused by somethirig awe_ - -inspiring or astounding. admire oerb l. regard with great pleasure or approval: ad;rnired To the oiew. 2. have a high opinion ofz adtnired htun To for his horwsttt. -noun admirer l. One who ardently admires: an admirer of - Shakespeare'splaAs. 2. A man who courts a woman. admissible adiectioe l. Capalle of being accepted. 2. Capable of being allowed. a0mlSSlOn noun l. The state of being allowed entry: her admission to college. 2. The right to enter or make use of: It was mnnths before he was allowed admission into the club. 3. The act of admitting to something. admit oerb 1. To serve as a means of entrance for: This ticket admits one adult. 2. To allow admittance, as to a group. 3. To afford an opportunity for. 4. To recognize, often reluctantly, the reality or truth of. -S.fq express recognition of. admittance rwu.n l. The state of being allowed entry. 2. The right to entei or make use of. admix oirb To put together into one mass so that the constituent pa$s- are more or less homogeneous. admixture nunrv Something produced by mixing. a0mOnlsn oerlt To criticize for a fault or ofiense. admonishing adiectiae Giving warning.

l. aoprrNrsrrn. 2. aonarNrsrnn. 1. Syns; direction, government, management,superintendence. 2. Syns: application, dispensation, dispensing. ADMINISTRATIVE.

Syns: administerial, administrational, executive, managerial, ministerial. EXECUTIVE

rWUN.

Syns; commendable, estirnable, laudable, meritable, meritorious, praiseworthy, worthy.

1 . ESTEEM IIOUN. 2 . WONDER NOUN,

l. Syns; appreciate, enjoy, relish. 2. Syns: consider, esteem, honor, regard, respect, value. -Idiorn look up to. 1. Syns; devotee, fan2 (Informal), fancier, lover. 2. nneu. 1,. accepranr-n. 2. pnnMrssrsr,n. 1. Syns; admittance, entrancer, immission (Archaic), ingress (c/so ingression ), introduction, intromission2. Syns: access, admittance, entrancel, entr6e, entry, ingress (also ingression). _

3. acTNowLEDGMENT.

l. Syns; immit (Archaic), intromit, let in. 2. eccnsr. 3. pnnrrarroerb. 4. ecxxowlEDcE. 5. ecxNowLEDGE. l. eourssrorg. 2. eourssroN. l,lrx oerb.

MIXTURE.

cALL DowN at call. CAUTIONARY.

adulator

19 admonishment noun

l. Advice to beware, as of a person or thing. 2. Words expressive of strong disapproval. rnrun admonition 1. Advice to beware, as of a person or thing. 2. Words expressive of strong disapproval. ad;iecth:e admonitory Giving warning. ado noun Busy and uselessactivitY. oerb adopt f . fo take, as another's idea and make one's own: adopted a comPetitor's sal,estechniques. 2. To accePt officiallY. idiecth:e adopted Being fictitious and not real. twun adoption A ready taking up of something: their adoption of sophuticate d clothing. adiectioe adorable Easy to love: an ailorablP babY. adiectioe adorint Feeling or showing reverence. twun adoration 1. The act of adoring, esp. reverently prayed u)ith solernn ad,oration. 2. Deep and ardent affection: his adoration' of his young uife. oerb adore l. To regard with great awe and devotion: a saint adnred for his kind;ness. 2. To feel'deep, devoted love for: ad'ored het husband" 3. lnformal. To like or enjoy enthusiastically, often excessivelY: She ad'ores skiing. ad;iectioe adoring Feeling or showing reverence. oerb adorn l. To furnish with decorations: a goun ad'omed uith lace. 2. To endow with beauty and elegance by way of a notable addiUon.

adornmenl rnun

Somethingthat adorns:iewels and other adomtrn'ents'

adroit adiectine skill and easein 1. Exhibiting or Possessing performance. 2. bhowingart or skilt in performingor doing' 3. Welt done or executed. adroitness rw)un Skillfulnessin the use of the handsor body' adscititious alsoadcititious aQectiae Not part of the real or essentialnature of a thing' oerb adulate To compliment excessivelyand ingratiatingly' adulation rtotur Excessive,ingratiating Praise' adulator rwrtn One who fatters anotherexcessively'

1. wenxrNc nnun. 2. nreuKE rnun. 1. wenNrNGrwu,rt. 2. nnsuKE naun. CAUTIONARY. FUSS rroltn. 1. Syns: embrace,

espouse, take on (or

up). 2. prss oerb. ASSUMED.

Syns; embracement, embracing, espousal.

Syns; lovable, sweet. REVERENT.

1. Syns; idolization, reverence, veneration, worship. 2. Syns: devotion, fancy (Obs'), love.

1. Syns; idolize, revere, reverence' venerate, worshiP. 2. Syns: afiect2 (Atchaic), affectionr, love, worship. 3. Syns; delight in, dote on (or upon), eat up (Slong), groove on (Slntg)' love. REVERENT.

1. Syns; bedeck, deck (out), decorate, dress (up), embellish, garnish, ornament, trim. 2. cnncn oerb.

Syns: decoration, embellishment, garnishment, garniture, ornament, ornamentaUon, trim, trimming. 1. onxrnnous. 2. enrrur.. 3. Nper. DEXTERTTY. AccTDENTAL

FLATTEN.

FLATTERY. SYCOPHANT.

ad'iectine.

adult

20

adult

adiectixe F?yi"g reached full growth and development. adufterant rnun One that contaminates. adulterate aerb To make lmpure or inferior by deceptively aclding jolgign substances : adulterated coffie. J aduftelated adiectice Mixed with other substances. adulteration noun The state of being contaminated. adulterator noui One that contaminates. adumbrate oerb l. To give an indication of something in advance: eoents that adumbrated later dercIopm.ents. 2. To tell about or make known (future events) in advance, esp. by means of special knowledge or inference. l. To draw up a preliminary -plan or version of. 4. To make dark or darker. 5. To make dim or indistinct. adumbration noun Comparative darknessthat results from the blocking of Iight rays. advance- uerh l. To cause to move forward or upward, as toward a _ goal: aduance a worthy cause. 2. To go forward, esp. toward a conclusion. 9. I" bring forward and quote for formal consideration. 4. To raise in rank. 5. To attain a higher status,rank, or condition. 5. To supply (money), esp. on credit. advance noun 1. Forward movement: recent adoancesin science; the adrsanceof technology. 2. The amount by which something is increased. advance adiectiae Going before: got adaance waming of the storm,s approach. advanced adiectirc 1. Ahead of current trends or customs:aduancedideas. 2. Far along in life or time. advancement noun l. A progression upward in rank: a quick adaarwement in her career. 2. Forward movement. advances noun Preliminary actions intended to elicit a favorable response: reiected her adoances out of hand. advantage noun l. A factor conducive to superiority and success:GiDe the slou starters a S}-seiond adaantage, 2. A dominating position, as in a conflictl had. the adaantage in the argument.

3. Something beneficia): gaae the children ftmnA adaantages. 4. Something that contributes to or increasesone's well-being.

MATURE adiectice. CONTAMINANT.

Syns: debase,doctor (up), dope, load,

:::::'* CONTAMINATION. CONTAMINANT.

l. Syns: foreshadow, prefigure, presage. 2. pnsprcr.

3. onerr oerb. 4. ssron aerb. 5. onscunn uerb. SHADE

NOUN.

l. Syns; forward, foster, further, promote. 2. coun. 3. pnBsENr2. 4. pnouorr. 5. nrsr. 6. lErsp. l. Syns; advancement, frrrtherance. headway, marchr, ongoing, progress, progression. 2. tNcnnesr" naun. Syns: antecedent, anterior, precedent, preceding, prior. l. Syns: forward, precocious, progressive. 2. or.o. 1. Syns; elevation, j.tmp, promotion, upgrading. 2. eovaNcr' noun. Syns: approach(es),overture(s).

1. Syns; allowance, handicap, head start, odds, start, vantage. 2. Syns: betterr, b"lg" (Stang), draw, drop, edge, forehand, j,r-p, superiority, vantage. -Idiorns inside track, upper hand. 3. Syns.'benefit, blessing,boonr, favor, gain, profit. 4. nvrrnrsr lwun.

advice

2L

5. wnr.renn. 5. A stateof health,happiness,and prospering. 5. usn tudtn. 6. The quality of being suitable or adaptableto an end. advantage oerb BENEFIT. To derive advantage. advantageous ad;iectitse l. pnorrtenr-s. 1. Mording profit. snNnrtcrar.. 2. 2. Affording benefit. advent rraun l. eppnoacH noun. l. The act or fact of comingnear. 2. ennryer,. 2. The act of arriving. adventitious adiectioe AccTDENTAuadiectine. Not part of the real or essentialnature of a thing. adventure nuun Syns; emprise (aho emprize), enterprise, An exciting, often hazardousundertaking: a mountainventure. climbing adoenture. adventure oerb L. nrsx rnrb. 1. To exposeto possiblelossor damage. 2. r'nzt.r.;o oerb. 2. To run the risk of. adventurer rwu:n 1. Syns; daredevil, venturer. l. One who engagesin exciting,risky pursuits: erplorersand other adoenturers. 2. unncrNenv twun. 2. A free-lancefighter. sprculeron. 3. for profits. quick who speculates 3. One adventuresome adiectitse Taking or willing to take risks. adventurous ad:iectine 1. Taking or willing to take fisks:Adoenhilouspioneers l. Sync; adventuresome, audacious, enterprising, venturesome, venturous. settled the American West. oe,Ncrnous. 2. injury. or loss, risk, 2. Involving possible adventurousness noun DARING TWUN. Willingnessto take risks. adversary rwttn OPPONENT. One that opPosesanotherin a battle, contest, controversy,or debate. adverse ad;iectiod 1. opposrNc. 1. Acting againstor in opposition. 2. uNrevoRABLE. 2. Tendingto discourage,retard, or make more difficult. adversitY noun MISFORTUNE. Bad fortune. advert oerb REFER. To call or direct attentionto (an occurrence,situation, etc.). advertent adiectioe ATTENTIVE. Concentratingthe mental powerson something. advertise alsoadvertize oerb l. Syns; bdlyhoo Qnfonrwl)' build up, 1. To makeknown vigorouslythe positivefeaturesof (a cry (up), plug(Infannal), P:omote, product): ad'oertisea n/eu annera2. To bring to Public noUce. 3. To make (information)generdly known: The girl afu:ertisedher engagementby weating a diamond ring. advertising naun The act oi professionof promoting something as a product: Adoertisingcan be a luuath:e ocatpation' advertize oerb advice nsun An opinion asto a decisionor courseof action: hopes n git sound,a'd'oicebeforeputchasingthe house'

publicize, push (Slang), talk uP. 2. er.n*ouwcr. 3. Syns; blazez (around), blazon, broadcast, bruit (about), disseminate, noise (about or abroad), promulgate. -ldionts spread far and wide, spread the word. Syns; promotion, PublicitY. srn advertise. Syns; advisement, counsel, recommendation.

22

advice(s) advice(s) nuun New information, esp. about recent events and happenings. advisable adiectiae Worth doing esp. for practical reasons: Checking the data is adoisable. advise oerb 1. To give recommendations to (someone)about a decision or course of action: My attomey adaised me to sue. 2. To cause to know about or be aware of. 3. To meet and exchange views to reach a decision. advised a.diectiae 1. Rezulting from deliberaUon and careful thought: a badty adaked decision. 2. Provided with information; made aware. advisement noun 1. A careful considering of a matter: The iudge took the case und,er adnisement. 2. An opinion as to a decision or course of action. adviser also advisor noun One who advises another, esp, officially or professionally: a fi,nancial adtsiser.

advisor noun advisory adiectirse Giving advice: the collegeadoisoryboard, advocate aerb To aid the causeof by approvingor favoring. aegis noun Aid or supportgiven by a patron. aeOn rwun aerate oerb To exposeto circulatingair. aeriaf adiecth:e 1. Of or relatingto air. 2. So light and insubstantialasto resembleair or a thin fflm. 3. Imposinglyhigh. aerosphere noun The gaseousmixture envelopingthe earth. aery adiectioe So light and insubstantialasto resembleair or a thin film. aesthetic or esthetic adiectiae Showinggoodtaste. afeard atlJafeared adiectiae Regionnl.Filled with fear or terror. afeared adiectitse atfability noun -The_quality of being pleasantand friendly. affabfg adiectioe 1. Characterizedby kindnessand w&rrr, unafiected courtesy. 2. Pleasantand friendly. atfair noun l. Somethingthat concernsor involvesone personally. !. A large or important socialgathering. 3. An intimatesgxualrelations[ipbetw:eentwo people. 4. Somethingto be done,considlred,or dealt wittr.'

NEWS.

Syns: counselable (ako counsellable), expedient, recommendable, well2. 1. Syns; counsel, recommend.

2. rNrFonM. 3. coNrEn. 1. Syns; calculated, considered, deliberated, studied, studious (Rare), thought-out, weighed. 2. tNronnanp. 1. Syns; calculation, consideraUon, deliberation, lucubration (Archaic), study. 2. tnwcn. Syns; consultant, counsel, counselor (rzlso counsellor),mentor. sEEadviser. Syns; consultative, consultatory, consulting. supponr r:arb. PATRONAGE.

sEEeon. xn oerb. l. emy. 2. r'rr.uy. 3. r.orry. AtR noun. FILMY.

TASTEFUL. AFRAID.

ses afeard. AMIABILITY.

l. cnecrous. 2. anarenlE. 1. nuswpss. 2. penry noun. 3. r.ove naun. 4. naarrrn noun.

atfinitY

23 oerb affectr To evoke a usu. strong mental or emotional response from: a play that deeply affects its audierrce. oerb atfect2 l. To take on or give a false appearance of. 2, Archain To feel deep, devoted love for'

atfectation rwun Artjficialbehavioradoptedto impressothers:That accent is mere afectation. adiectioe atfectedr Emotionally aroused: affected by a powerful noael. adiectioe affected2 1. Artificially genteel: put on an afected Briti^shaccent.

2. Having concern. 3. Not genuine or sincere.

Syns: get (to) (Informnl), impact, impress, influence, move, strike, sway, touch. 1. essuun. 2. ,roonn. Syns: affectedness,airs, lug(s), mannerism, pretense. Syns: impressed,inspired, moved, stirred, struck, swayed, touched. !. Syns: artificial, la-di-da (a/so la-de-da) (Informal), lardy-dard y (Slnng), mannered, precious, pretenUous. 2. coNcnnl.mp. 3. enrrrrcrer,.

affectedness naun Artificial behavior adopted to impress others. adiectioe affecting Exciting a deep, usu. somber resPonsel-an affecting climax to the story. twun affectionr 1. The condition of being closely Ued to another by affection or faith. 2. A complex and usu. strong subjective response, as of love, hate, etc. aftection oerb To feel deep, devoted love for' nutn affection2 1. A pathological condition of mind or body' 2. A distinctive element. adiectirse atfectionate Feeling and expressing affectioni an affectionate parent' adiectioe affectionated Obs. Feeling and expressing affection. adiectioe atfective Relating to, arising from, or appealing to the emotions.

AFFECTATION.

Syns; impressive, moving, poignant, stirring, touching. 1. a,rrecrrMENT. 2. ruonoN.

ADORE.

1. nrspasn. 2. guer-trv. Syns: affectionated (Obs.), affectuous (Obs.), doting, fond, loving. AFFECTIONATE. EMOTIONAL.

affectivitY noun

A complex and usu. strong subjective response, as love, hate, etc. adiecthse atfectuous Obs. Feeling and expressing affection. adiectiae atferent Transmitting impulses from sense organs to nerve centers. adiectiae atfianced Pledged to marry. atfianced rwun A person to whom one is engaged to be married'

atfiliate oerb To unite or be united in a relationship. affiliate noun 1. One who is united in a relationship with another' 2. A local unit of a business or an auxiliary controlled by such a business. noun affiliation The state of being associated.

AFFECTIONATE. SENSORY.

ENGAGED.

INTENDED

essocrern oedr. 1. a.ssocr,lTEnoun. 2. susslotenv.

ASSOCIATION.

atfinity noun The quality or state of being alike.

NUI,N,

LIKENESS.

affirm atlirm

24 oerb

1. To makevalid and bindingby a formal legalact. -?,To put into wordspositivelyand with con*uiction. atfirmation rwun l. An act of confirmingofficially. 2. The act of assertingpositively. atfirmative adiectiae l. Givingassent. 2. Of a constructivenature. affirmatory adiectioe Givingassent. affix ierb 1. To join one thing to another. -?.T.t ascribe(a misdeed,error,etc.)to. afflation noun l. Divine guidanceand motivationimparted directly. 2. The act of breathingin. afffatus noun -Pivine guidanceand motivationimparted directly. afflict Jerb To bringgreatharm or sufieringto:afficted with painful chronicailm"ents. afflicted adiectiae Having a painful ailment. afflictioi noun 1. Somethinghard to bear physicallyor emotionally. / 2. A stateof-phy-sical or m6ntal sufiLring. 3. A causeof sufering or harm. afff ictive adiectioe l. Yqk"9 by, causing,or experiencingphysicalpain. 2. Difficult to accept. affluent adiectioe Possessing a large amountof money,land, or other materialpossessions. aftord oerb -To make (something)readily available. atfray noun A quarrel or fight.markedby very noisy,disorderly, and often violent behavior. affright aerb Archaic. To fill with fear. affright rwun Archaic. Great agitationand arxiety causedbv the or the realizationof danger. ,expectationaffront aerb To causeresentmentor hurt by callous,rude behavior. affront twun An act that offendsa person'ssenseof pride or dignity. afiefd ad,aerb .Not in the right way or on the proper course. aflfe adiectioe On fire. affame adiectioe On fire. i fond adrserb l. Frerrch.To the fullest extent. 2. French.In a completemanner. aforehand adoerb' Chicfl.yRegional.Before the expectedtime. aforetime ad.oerb Archaic.At a time in the past.

1. coxrrnu. 2. essrnr. 1. coNrrnuATroN. 2. essnnrroN. l. pavonasle. 2. posrrrvn. FAVORABLE.

1 . ATTACH. 2 . rtx oerb. t . INSPIRATION, 2. INSPIRATION. INSPIRATION.

Syns; agonize, curse, excruciate, plague, rack, scourge, smite, strike, torment,torture. MISERABLE.

l. sunnrN noun. 2. usrnnss noun. 3. cunsr noun. l. perrurur.. 2. nrrrnn atliectiae. RICH.

orrnn aerb. BRAWL NOUN.

FRIGHTEN. FF'AF. NOUN.

tNsvm

oerb.

INDIGNITY. wRoNG

adaerb.

BLAZING. BLAZING.

l. conrpr,nrEr-y. 2. coprpr.nrEr.y. EARLYadtserb. EARLIER.

--=\

25 afraid adiectiae Filled with fear or terror: was afraid of snakes.

afresh adrserb Oncemore. after adiectioe 1. Locatedin the rear. 2. Followingsomethingelsein time. after adoerb time. At a subsequent afterlife noun Endlesslife after death. aftermath rwun Somethinqbrought about by - a cause. afterward ilso afterwards adaerb At a subsequenttime. afterwards adrserb afterwhile adrserb At a subsequenttime. again afuserb Oncemore. age rwun 1. A particular time notablefor its distinctive characteristics:the EduardtanAge. 2. Informal. A long time: haoen'tseenyou for ages.

and frailty of age. 3. Old age the weakness age oerb 1. To grow old: He is agingfast. 2. To bring or cometo full development. adiectioe aged -1. Brought to full flavor and richnessby aging:aged cheese. 2. Far along in life or time. 3. Belonging to, existing, or occurring in Umes long past.

agedness rwun Old age. ageless adiectioe Existingunchangedforever: the agelessthemesof looe and,hate. agenG} -That noun by which somethingis accomplishedor someend

agglomeration Syns: afeard (also afeared) (Regionnl), aghast, apprehensive, ascared (Chief,y Regiornl), fearful, fearsome, frightened, petrified, scared. Nnw a.doerb. 1. eacx adiectioe. 2. r,erBn adiectiae. LATERudaerb.

",'::x* sEEaftenvard. LATERadoerb. Nnw adtserb. l. Syns.'day(s),epoch, era, period, time(s). 2. Syns: eon (also aeon), eternity, longr. -ldioms blue moon, dog's age, donkey's years, forever and a day, forever and ever, month of Sundays. 3. Syns; agedness,caducity, elderliness, senectitude, senescence,years. 1. Syns; get along (or on), olden, senesce. 2. v'rrvnr' oerb. l.

2. oro. 3. olo.

LGEnAUn. Syns: dateless,eternal, eterne (Archaic), timeless. MEANS.

achieved.

agenda rwun An organizedlist of procedures,activities,events,

PROGRAM.

etc.

tww"I agent That by which something is accomplished or some end achieved. adiectioe age-old Belonging to, existing, or occurring in times long past.

MEANS.

agglomerate oerb

To bring together so as to increase in mass or number.

ACCUMULATE.

agglomeration noun A quanUty accumulated.

mellow, ripe, ripened.

ACCUMULATION.

aggrandize

26

aggrandize Derb 1. To make or become greater or larger. 2. To raise to a htgh position or status.

aggrandizement noun The act of raisingto a highpositionor statusor the

1 . rwcnBesn oerb. 2. EXALT. EXALTATION.

condition of being so raised.

aggravate oerb l. To increase in intensity or severity. 2. Inforynal. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, esp, !y repeated vexations. aggravating adiectiae lnfornnl. Troubling the nerves or peace of mind, as by repeated vexations.

l. rNrENsrFy. 2. aNrqoy.

VEXATIOUS.

aggravatiOn noun Somethingthat annoys. L. aNNoyRwcB. l. I"fp*/. nfomtal. The feeling of being annoyed. 2. aNhroyaxcs. l. 3. lnformal. Needlesstrouble. 3. eornnn rwun. aggregate oerb 1. To bring togetherso as to increasein massor number. 1. eccurllut,ATE. 2. To come to in number or quantity. 2. tyrovvr oerb. aggregate n{run 1. A number or quantity obtainedas a result of l,. rore.r. rpun, addition. 2. An amountor quantity from which nothingis left 2. wnor,n rwun. out or held back. aggregation noun A quantity accumulated. ACCUMULATION. aggress oerb To set.uponwith violent force. trrl.cx oerb. aggresslOn twun t. Psychoa,al.Hostile behavior:could not control his 1. Syasr aggressiveness(also aggressivity), aggressinn. belligerence, belligerency, 2. The act of attacking. aggressive adiectiae 1. Inclined to act in a_hostilewayi an aggressioe person,aluays ready to argue. 2. Marked by boldnessand assertiveness: an aggressiae executhse. aggressiveness alsoaggressivity noun Hostile behavior. aggressivity noun aggressOr rwun One who startsa hostileaction:fought the foreign aggressors. aggrieve rserb l. To causesu_ffering or painful sorrow to. 2. To do a wrong to; treit unjustly. aggroup oerb To come or bring into a goup or groups. aghast adiectiae l. Filled with fear or terror. 2. Overcomewith intensefeeling,as of amazement, horror, or dismay. agile adiectioe or performingquickly, lightly, and easily. -_Y::l_"g agf feness rwun agifity alsoagileness noun The quality or stateof being agile: fietded all questiorw uith agility.

combativeness, contentiousness, hostility. 2. atrecx rroun. l. Syns; belligerent, combative, contentious, militant, offensive, pushy (Infomwl). 2. Syns: assertive, assertory, go-getting, hard-hitting. AGGRESSION.

sEEaggressiveness. Syns: assailant, assailer, attacker.

1. orsrnnss oerb. 2. wnoNc aerb. cxoup oerb. 1. ernen. 2. srrocxro.

NIMBLE.

sEEagility. Syns: dexterity, dexterousness, nimbleness, quickness.

-*--

agreement

27 oerb agitate l. To cause to move to and fro violently: land, and' sea agitated bg ttenwrs. 2. T7 impair or destroy the composure of: a mind agitated bU gnuf

3. To alter the settled state or position of. nxun agitation 1. The condition of being physically agitated: a shi,p tossed by the agitation of the sea. 2. A state of aiscomposure: altrnst irrcoherent frotn his a$tatiort.

noun agitator -One who agitates, esp. politicallyz The Bntish consid,ered Samuel Adams an agitator. adiectirse agnate Connected by or as if by kinship or common origin' adiectitse agog Intensely desirous or interested. oerb agonize -1. To btttg great harm or suffering to. 2. To twisl and turn, as in pain, struggle, or embarrassment. adiectioe agonizing Extraordinarily painful or distressing. agOny nou'n 1 state of physical or mental suffering' xerb agree 1. To come to an understanding or to terms: agreed on all maior Points. 2. To be'compatible or in correspondence: The copy agrees uith the orighnl.

3. To respond affrmatively; receive with agreement or compliance. noun agreeability -The quality of being pleasant and friendly. adiecthse agreeable -1. To one's likingi an agreeable change in your attitude. 2. Pleasant and friendlY. 3. In keeping with one's needs or expectations:a theorg-that uas agteeable to cu"nent ideas'

4. Disposed to accePt or agree.

1. Syns; churn, convulse, rock2, shake. 2. Syns: bother, discombobulate (Slang), discompose, disquiet, fisturb, flntry, fluster, perturb, rock2, ruffie, shake (up), toss, unsettle, uPset. 3. orsruns. 1. Syns; commotion, convulsion, hrrbulence, upset. 2. Syns: disquiet, dither, flap (Sla.ng), fl*ry, fuster, futter, lather _(Slang), perttrrbaUon, stew (lnfomnl), tumult, turmoil, upset. Syns; fomenter, instigator.

t *":,"'. 2. wnrtrn.

TORMENTINC. DISTRESS TWUN.

1. Syns; accord, coincide, concord, concur, get together, harmonize. 2. Syns: accord, check out, comPort, conform (to), consist, correspond, fit, gee (lnfonrwl), harmonize, jibe (tnforrnl1, match, quadrate, rhYme (also rime), square, tallY. 3. essnNr cvrb.

AMIABILITY.

1. Syns; favorable, good, gratifying nice, pleasant, pleasing Pleasurable, welcome. 2. eMresl-p. 3. Syns; accordant (with), compaUble, conformable (to), congenial, congruous' consistent, consonant (with or to)' correspondent, corresPonding. 4. wrr-r.rwc.

agreeableness noun The qudity of being pleasant and friendly. adoerb agreed It is so; as you saYor ask. noun agreemenl f . ftt" act or state of agreeing or conforming: agreement between forecasts and' sales' 2. The act or Process of accePting. 3. Harmonious mutual understanding: We are in

AMIABILITY.

vns adnerb. 1. Syns; accordance, conformance, conformation, conformitY, correspondence, tallYing. 2, eccnsraNcn. 3. Syns; accord, chime, concordo

agrestal agrcenwnt on the issue. 4. An act or state of agreeing between parties regarding a course of action: an agrebment with the union on ooertim.e. 5. A legally lin{ing arrangement between parties: an auth or -publish er agreement. 6. A formal, usu. written settlement between nations. agrestal also agrestial adiectioe In a primitive state; not domesUcatedor cultivated. agrestial adiectirse agrestic also agrestical adjectiae ' to the couniryside. _Of or pertaining ahead adterb Before the expected time. aid oerlt To give support or assistance. aid noun l. The act or an instance of helping. .2. A person who helps. aidant adiectiae Afiording support or assistance. . af0e noun A person who holds a position auxiliary to another and assumessome of his responsibilities. aidfuf adiectioe Archaic. Affording benefit. " aiding adiectiae Gtlr"g or able to give help or support. l. - 2 Affording support or assistince. aidless adiectiie _Devoid of help or protection. aif oerlt To cause anxious uneasinessin. ailing adiectiae Affected or tending to be afiected with minor health problems. ailment noun A pathological condition of mind or body. l. 2. A minor illness, esp. one of a temporary nature. aim oerb 1. To move (a weapon, blow, etc.) in the direction of someone or something: aim.ed the gun at the bird. 2. To have in mind as a goal or purpose. 3. To strive toward goil, airned ai a bener ed,ucation. " aim naun 1. What one intends to do or achieve. 2. Something strongly desired. 3. The thread or,current of thought uniting or occurring in all the elements o1a text oi dir"o*r". aimless adiectiae Witlrout aim, purpose, or intent: an aimless conaersation. air noun 1. Th9 gas-eous mixture enveloping the earth: air polluted uith smoke. 2. A natural movement or current of air. 3. The celestial regions as seen from the earth: Clords filled the air. 4. A general impression produced by a predominant

28 concordance, concurrence,

consonance,

harmony, rapport, tune. 4. Syns: accord, arrangement, bargain, deal (Informnl ), pact, understanding. 5. Syns: bond, compactz, contract, convention, covenant, pact. 6. rnpery. wr;o adiectioe. sEEagrestal. couNrRy adiectioe. EAnLYadoerb. snrp aerb. IJELP

NOUN.

HELPER.

HELPTUL.

ASSISTANT,

BENEFICIAL.

1 . Ar xrLr.A,RYudiectte. 2 . HELPFUL. HELPLESS.

wonny oerb. SICKLY.

DISEASE. INDISPOSITION.

1 . Syns; cast, direct, head, layr (Mil.), Ievel, point, present2,setl, train, turn, zero in.

2. INTEND. 3. Syns; aspire, seek. -/diorn

set one's

sights on. 1. nvm.nIoN. 2. eNrsrrrow. 3. rrrnusr rwun.

Syns: desultory, objectless,purposeless.

L. Syns: aerosphere,atmosphere.

2 . wINDI noun. 3 . Syns: firmament, heaven(s),sky, welkin (Archaic\.

4. Syns: ambiance (a/so ambience),

29

alertness quality or characteristic: exhibited an air of unease.

5. Behavior through which one reveals one's personality. 6. A pleasing successionof musical tones forming a usu. brief aesthetic unit. alr oerb l. To expose to circulating air: air a room. 2. To utter publicly: air my opinions. airfess adiectioe 1. Oppressive due to a lack of fresh air: a hot, airless closet. 2. Marked by an absence of circulating air: couldn't run on airless days. airs noun Artificial behavior adopted to impress others. adiectiae airy 1. Of or relating to air: airy uhite clouds. 2. Imposingly hgh. 3. Exposed to or characterized by the presence of freely circulating air or wind: an airy hillside. 4. So light and insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin film. 5. Displaying light-hearted nonchalance: had an airy dtsregard for all rules. adiectioe akin Connected by or as if by kinship or common origin. adiectirse afabaster atso alabastrine Of a moderately white color. adiectiue alabastrine adiecthse i la mode Being or in accordance with the current fashion. nou,n afarm l. A signal that warns of imminent danger: The troops responded to the alarm. 2. Great agitation and anxiety caused by the expectation or the realization of danger. alarm oerb 1. To fill with fear. 2. To notify (someone)of imminent danger or risk. adiectioe afarming Causing or able to cause fear.

afarmist nnun One who needlesslyalarmsothers:alarmistspredicting global wan alarum noun Archaic. A signalthat warnsof imminent danger. afbescent adiectioe Of a moderatelywhite color. afcoholic adiectioe Containingalcohol. alert ad,iectine 1. Vigilantly attentive:alert to danger. 2. Mentally quick and original. alert noun A signalthat warns of imminent danger. alert oerb To notify (someone)of imminent dangeror risk. afertness rroun The condition of being aware.

atmosphere, aura, feel, feeling, mood, smell, tone. 5. enenrNc. 6. urr.opv.

1. Syns; aerate, ventilate, windr. 2. Syns: blow off (Slang), come out with, express,put, state, vent, ventilate. l. Syns: breathless, closet, stifing, stuffy. 2. Syns: breathless,breezeless,still, windless. AFFECTATION.

l. $yns; aerial, atmospheric, pneumatic. 2. r,oprv. 3. Syns; blowy, breezy, Srsty, windy. 4. nurav. 5. $yns; breezy, buoyant, corky (lnfonrwl), debonair (also debonaire ),

-tdiom freeandeasv'

^"::;l' run adiectiae. sEEalabaster. FASHIONABLE.

1. Syns; alarum (Archaic), alert, tocsin, warning. 2. rnen rwun.

1..rnrcurrN. 2. wenx. FEARFUL.

Syns: scruemonger,terrorist. -Idiom sheep in wolf's clothing. ALARM

|WUN.

rl.lin ad;iecthse. HARDadiectioe. 1. Syns; observant, open-eyed, vigilalq wakeful, wary, watchful, wide-awake. 2. cr-rvrn.

AWARENESS.

30

alibi noun An explanation offered to justify an action. .!"fo*! af fen ad,iectioe l. Of, from, or characteristic of another place or part of the world. 2. Not part of the essentialnature of a thing. alien noun A person coming from another country. alien oerb To change the ownership of (property) by means of a legal document. alienate oerb l' To make distant, hostile, or unsympathetic. 2. Lau. To change the ownership of lproperty) by means of a legal document. af ienation noun 1. The act of estrangingor the condition of being estranged. 2. Seriousmental illness or disorder impairing a _person's capacity to function normally and safely. af ighll aerb To come to rest on the ground. alight on (or upon) uib Archaic. To find or meet by chance. alight2 adiectioe On fire. afight oh (or upon) aerb af ign aerb 1. To be formally associated,as by treaty. 2.To place in oi form a line or lines. af igned adiectiae ..Closely-connectedby or as if by a treaV. alike adiectioe the same or almost tre same characteristics. ..Possessing af lKeneSS noun .The quality or state of being alike. af iment noun That which sustainsthe mind or spirit. af imentary adiectirse Of or relating to food or nutrition. alibi

afimentation-noun

The means needed to support life.

alimony noun

The means needed to support life. alive adiectiae 1. Marked by or exhibiting life: The patient is still aliae. 2. In action or full operation. 3. Having existence or life: the best chess player alioe. 4. Full of animation and activity: a street alioe with pedestriaru. 5, Marked by comprehension, cognizance, and perception. alf adiectiae Including every constituent or individual. afl naun Ar."T,oytrtor quantity from which nothing is left out or held back. aff adnerb Without exception; in its entirety. aff-around adiectirse

EXCUSEnoltn.

l'

FOREICN.

2 . FOREIGN, FOREIGNER. TRANSFER.

l. EsrneNcr. 2. rneNsrnn.

1 . ESTRANGEMENT.

2 . INSANITY. t tNo oerb. coME ACRoss at COme. BLAZING. snn alightt. l. nrry aerb. 2. r-rNn aerb. ALLIED. rIKE2. LIKENESS. FOOD. NUTRITIVE. LIVINC IWUN. LIVING TWUN, l. Syns; animate, animated, lives, living,

vital.

2 . ACTIVE. 3. Syns: around

(Informal), existent, existing, extant, living. 4. Syns; abounding, overflowing, replete, rife, teeming. 5. awenc.

wHoLE adiectiue. wHoLE ftaun.

PURELY.

snr all-round.

allow

31 af fay oerb 1. To make or become calm. 2. To make less severe or more bearable. noun allaymenl Freedom, esp. from pain. rwun affegation A statement of something as fact. af fege oerb 1. To state to be true. 2. Archaic. To bring forward and quote for formal consideration. noun af legiance Faithfulness or devotion to a person, a cause, obligaUons, or duties. adyectiae allegiant Adhering firmly and devotedly, as to a person, a cause, or a duty. alfeviate aerb To make less severe or more bearable.

affeviation noun Freedom,esp.from pain. alfiance noun esp.of nationsfor a commoncause: 1. An association, a Westemalliarrc,eagairwtthe WarsutsPact countries. 2. The stateof being associated. alf ied adiectioe 1. Closelyconnectedby or asif by a treaty:Libya and, its allied countries. 2. Connectedby or as if by kinshipor commonorigin. all in adiectioe Informnl.Extremelytired. atl-i"ncfusive adieitioe Coveringa wide scope. alfness rwun The stateof being entirely whole. alfocate oerb 1. To set asideor distribute as a share. 2. To set asidefor a specifiedpurpose. alfocation twun That which is allotted. aflocution rwtltx to an audience. A usu.formal oral communicaUon alfot oerb To set asideor distributeas a share:Each sailor was allottedfour ouncesof grog. alfotment noun That which is allotted: a gesallotrnent of 50 gallonsa month. afl-out adiectiae 1. Coveringall aspectswith painstakingaccuracy. 2. Completelysuch,without qualificationor exception. alf-overs noun or Chief.y Re$onal A stateof nervousrestlessness agitation. alld'w oerb 1. To recognize,often reluctantly,the reality or truth of. 2. To set asideor distributeas a share. 3. To afford an opportunitYfor.

L cl.rlr'

aerb.

2. nnr,rrvn. RELIEF. CLAIM NOUN.

l. crlr.v, oerb. 2. pnrsnNtz oerb.

FIDELITY.

FAITHFUL.

RELIEVE. RELIEF.

1. Syns; Anschluss (German), coalition, confederacy, confederation, federation, league, union. 2. essocrerloN. t. Syns: aligned, confederated, federated, unified. 2. nnr-erno. EXHAUSTED. GENERAL. COMPLETENESS.

1. er-r-or. 2. eppnopnttrnaerb. ALLOTMENT. SPEECH.

Syns: admeasure, allocate, allow, apportion, assign,give, lot, mete (out), portion. Syns; allocation, allowance, cut (Informal), divvy (Slnng), lot, measure, part, portion, quantum, quota, ration, share. 1. rHonoucn. 2. urrrnz. JTTTERS.

1. ecxNowLEDcE. 2. er,lor. 3. pr;nv;tr oerb.

allowable 4. To give one's consent to. 5. To neither forbid nor prevent. alfowable adiectioe Capable of being allowed.

32 4. pnnv^tr oerb. 5. pnnutr oerb. PERMISSIBLE.

alfowance rwun 1. Approval for an action, esp. as granted by one in authoritv. 2. That *li,ich is allotted. 3. A factor conducive to superiority and success. 4. An accommodation made in the light of special or extenuating circumstances. alloyed adieitiae Mixed with other substances. all right adtserb It is so; as you say or ask.

all-roundatioall-iround ad,iectioe

1. ppnurssrox. 2, er,r-orunNr. 3, eovlrvracr. rwun. 4. coNcpssroN.

IMPURE.

yns adtserb.

1. Covering a wide scope. 1. cnwnner,. 2. Having many aspects, uses, or abilities. 2. vrnsarrr,n. affude oirb To call or direct attention to(an occurrence, situation,etc.). REFER. af lure oerb l. To direct or impel to oneself by some quality or 1. lrrnacr. action. 2, To beguile or draw into a wrong or foolish course of 2. trupr. action. allure tmun ATTRACTION. .The power or quality of attracting. aff Ufemenl rwun 1. arrna.crroN. l. The power or quality of attracting. 2. Something that attracts, esp. with the promise of 2. r.unn rtaun. pleasure or reward. af furing adiectiae 1. Pleasing to the eye or mind. 1. ,rrrnecrrvr. 2. Tending to seduce. 2. sroucrvn. af lusive adiectitse Tending lo-bring something, as a memory, mood, or SUGGESTIVE. image, subtly or indirectly to mind. af f uvion tnun An abundant, usu. overwhelming flow. FLOOD naun. af fy oerb 1. To be formally_associated,as by treaty: That nation 1. Syns: confederate, federate, has allied itself with the Arabs'. league."lign, 2. To unite or be united in a relationship. 2. essocnrn oerb. afly rwun 1, One nation associated with another in a common 1. Syns; coalitionist, confederate, leaguer. England and America were allies against the 9luse: Nazis. 2. One who is united in a relationship with another. 2. essocrarE naun. almost adoerb Near to in quantity or amount. APPROXIMATELY. alms rwun Something grven to a charity or cause. DONATION. af msman nutn One who begs habitually or for a living. BEGGAR flOUN. af mswoman noun One who begs habitudly or for a living. BEGGAR rIOUN. _ alone adiectitse 1. Lacking the company of others: uas alorw after her 1. Syns; companionless, lonely, lonesome, husband's death. solitary, unaccompanied. 2. Set away from all others. 2 . SOLITARY. 3. Without equal or rival. 3 . UNIQUE,

amalgamate

33 afone adoerb 1. Without the presence or aid of another: l'll fi*h the iob al.one. 2. To the exclusion of anyone or anything else.

aloneness noun The quality or state of being alone: Alonerwss often engenders depression. a.diectitse aloof 1. Lacking interest in one's surroundings or worldly affairs. 2. Not friendly, sociable, or warm in manner. rwun afoofness Dissociation from one's surroundings or worldly affairs.

afready afuserb l. At a time in the past. 2. At the very time. afso afuserb In addition. alter aerb To makeor becomedifferent. afterable ad,iectwe Capableof or liable to change. alterant noun An agentthat stimulatesor precipitatesa reaction, development,or change. alteration noun l. The processor result of makingor becoming different. 2. A usu.physicalchangeof one thing into another. altercation rnun A discussion,often heated,in which a differenceof opinionis expressed. alterity rwun The condition of being unlike or dissimilar. alternate aerb turns. To do, use,or occur in successive alternate naun One that takesthe place of another. alternation noun turns. Occurrencein successive alternative noun The power or right of choosing. altitude narur The distanceof somethingfrom a given level. aftitudinous adiectine Having a ralher great upward projection. alto adiectiae Mru. Being a soundproducedby a relatively small frequencyof vibraUons. altogether adoerb 1. To the fullestextent. 2. Without excePUon. altruism noun Kindly, charitableinterestin others. aftruisiic adiectioe Of or concernedwith charitY. amalgam noun SomethingproducedbY mixing. amalgamate oerb To put togetherinto one massso that the constituent parts are more or lesshomogeneous.

1. Syns; single'handedly, solely, solo. -ldioms all by oneself, all by one's lonesome. 2. sor-Br-v. Syns; isolation, lonelihood, loneliness, loneness, solitude. 1. nrrecHno. 2. coor adiectirse. DETACHMENT.

1. Benr.tnn. 2. nvnNl a&serb. ADDITIONALLY. ctttxcn

uerb.

CHANGEABLE. CATALYST.

1. cHeNcn noun. 2. corwBnsrow. ARGUMENT.

DTFFERENCE. ROTATE. SUBSTITUTE N,OUN. ROTATION. cHoICE

frnun.

ELEVATION, HIGH.

row adiectioe.

1. conapr-nrEr.Y. 2. punrr.v. BENEVOLENCE. BENEVOLENT. MIXTURE.

vrrx aerb.

amalgamation amalgamation noun Something produced by mixing. amaranthin6 adiectir;e Enduring for all time. amaroidal adiectit:e Having a noticeably sharp, pungent taste or smell. amass oerb To bring together so as to increase in mass or number. amassment nour. 1. A quantity accumulated. 2. The result or product of building up. amateUf noun One lacking professional skill and ease in a particular pursuit: a foreign policy ieopardized by the mistakes of amateurs, amateurish adiecthse Lacking the required professional skill: an amateurish attempt to negotiate. amative adiectiae Of, concerning, or promoting sexual love or desire. amatory adiectiae Of, concerning, or promoting sexual love or desire. amaZe aerb To impress'strongly by what is unexpected or unusual. amaze rwun Archaic. The emotion aroused by something aweinspiring or astounding. amaZement noun The emotion aroused by something awe-inspiring or astoundinq. -ad,iectioe amazing So remarkable as to elicit disbelief. ambiance also ambience noun 1. The totality of surrounding conditions and circumstances affecting gowth or development. 2. A general impression produced by a predominant quality or characteristic. ambiifextious adiectioe 1. Having many aspects,uses,or abilities. 2- Not being what one pulports to be. amDlenGe noun

ambiguity noun l. An expressionor term liable to more than one interpretation: a political speech fiIIed with ambiguities. ?. ryt" quality or state of being ambiguous. 3. The use or an instance of equivocil l"rrgr"ge. ambiguous adiectioe l. Liable to more than one interpretation: an ambiguous remark by the goodmor.

2. Not affording certainty: an ambiguou.s position.

ambiguousnessnoun The quality or state of being ambiguous.

ENDLESS.

:;:",':* 1. eccutvtuLATION.

2. eurl-o-ueat build up. Syns; abecedarian (also abecedary), dabbler, dilettante, nonprofessional, smatterer, tyro, uninitiate. Syns: dilettante, dilettantish, dilettantist, jackleg (lnformal), unskilled, unskillful. EROTIC. EROTIC.

sunpnrseoerb. woNDERnoun.

WONDER NOUN,

FABULOUS. 1. sNvrnoNMENT.

2. am noun.

1. lunserrr.n. 2. rNsrNcnnr. snr ambiance. 1. Syns; amphibology, double entendre, equivocality, equivocation, equivoque (also equivoke ), tergivsrsation. 2. vecununss. 3. rgurvocATroN. 1. Syns; amphibological, cloudy, equivocal, nebulous, obscure, sibylline, uncertain, unclear, unexplicit, unintelligible, vague. 2. Syns: borderline, chancy, clouded, doubtable, doubtful, dubious. dubitable, equivocal, fi (lnforma.I 1, indecisive, indeterminate, open, problematical (a/so problematic ), questionable,uncertain, unclear, undecided, unsettled, unsure. -Idiums at issue,in doubt, in question, up in the air. VAGUENESS.

amerce

35 noun ambit 1. A line around a closed figure or area. 2. An area within which something or someoneexists, acts, or has influence or Power. noun ambition 1. A strong desire to achieve something: had un ambition to be a lautler. 2. Something strongly desired: achieaed his one ambition. 3. The wish, power, and ability to begin and follow through with a plan or task: c wonutn of great energy and ambition. adiectioe ambitious Full of ambition; an ambitious Aoung artist.

1. cmcuurERENcE. 2. naNcn noun.

aspiration. t. Syns: ambitior.rsness, 2. Syns: aim, goal, mark, objectr, objective. 3. Syns: drive, enterprise, gumPtion (Informal), initiative, push (fnlormal).

Syns: aspiring, etnulous.

ambitiousness nou'n

A strong desire to achieve something. oerb amble To walk at a leisurelY Pace. amble naun An act of walking, esp. for pleasure. adiectiae ambrosial Highly pleasing, esp' to the senseof taste'

ambulate aerb To go on foot. aerb ambuscade 1. To wait concealed in order to attack (someone)' 2. To attack suddenly and without warning. oerb ambush 1. To attack suddenly and without warning: highwaymen who hid behind thickets and ambushed passing traaelers, 2.To *ait cottcealed in order to attack (someone)'

ameliorate oerb To advance to a more desirable state.

amelioration rwun 1. Something that imProves. 2. Steady improvement, as of an individual or a society' ad;iecttae amenable l. Willing to carry out the wishes of others' 2. Ready"and wiliing to receive favorably, as new ideas. aerb amend l. To make right what is wrong' 2. To prepare a new version of. 3. To advance to a more desirable state.

AMBITION.

sr'norl- aerb. WALKnoun. DELICIOUS. wli',r

xetb.

1. uv ron at laYr. 2. eMsusH. 1. Syns; ambuscade, bushwhack, waylay.

surprise,

2, rtv ron at laYl. IMPROVE. l. lupnovnMENT. 2. pnocnpss noun. 1. osnnIrNr. 2. nncrptlvn.

1. connscr 2. nevlsr.

Derb.

3. tupnove.

noun

amendment 1. The act or Processof revising. 2. Something that imProves. amendS rwun Something to make up for loss or damage. nottn amenities Courteous acts that contribute to smoothness and ease in dealings and social relationships: Eoen when he was ffi{A, he obserced the amenities. noun amenit} 1. Anything that increasesphysical comfort: a sunnt:l apartment taith all the am.enities. 2. The quality of being pleasant and friendly' noun ament A mentally deficient Person. amefGe aerb To impose a fine on.

l. nevrsIoN. 2. rnpnovnMENT. COMPENSATION.

Syns: civilities, courtesies, pleasantries, proprieties.

l. Syns: cotnfort, convenience, facility. 2. eutestr-rrv. FOOL nOUn. r:.ltnz terb.

36

amercement amefCement noun A sum of money levied as punishment

for an offense.

FrNr.2ttoun.

amiability rnun The quality of being pleasant and friendly: negotiations curried on in amiability; o lDotnf,rnof surprising amiubility.

)

)

adiectiae amiable l. Pleasantand friendly: met on the street and had an amiable conxersation; found her to be rm amiable enough cornpanion. 2. Of or befitting a friend or friends. amiableness noun The quality of being pleasant and friendly. amicable adiectioe 1. Of or befitting a friend or friends. 2. Exhibiting accord in feeling or action. amicaf udiectir:e Exhibiting accord in feeling or action. amlgO nolrn Span. A person whom one knows well, likes, and trusts. amiss adiectioe Not in accordance with what is usual or expected: We knew something was amiss when he failed to keep the aryointunent. amiss adaerb Not in the right way or on t}re proper course. amnesiac adiectir:e Unable to remember.

Syns; affability, agreeability, agreeableness,arnenity, amiableness, cordiality, friendliness, geniality, pleasantness. 1. Syns: affahle, agreeable, complaisant, cordial, easy, easygoing,genial, goodnatured, good-tempered. 2. rnrnxnly. AMIABILITY.

1,.rnrnNory. 2. nenuoNrous. HARMONIOUS. FRIEND.

Syns: awry, wrong.

wRoNG adxerb. FORCETFUL.

amnesty noun The act or an instance of forgiving. amok adiectioe noun amorist A man amorously attentive to women. amOroUS adiectioe l. Feeling or devoted to sexual love or desire. 2. Of, concerning, or promoting sexual love or desAe. amOfOUSneSS noun The passionateafiection and desire felt by lovers for each other. amorphous adiectiae Having no distinct shape, twun amoUnt l. A number or quantity obtained as the result of addition. 2. The general senseor significance, as of an action, statement, etc. 3. A measurablewhole. amount aerb l. To come to in number or quanti\: The total purchase amounts to ten dollars. 2. To be equivalent or tantamount: critici.svnthat amounted to reiection. amOUf noun l. The passionate affection and desire felt by lovers for each other. 2. An intimate sexual relationship between two people. amOUr-prOpre rwun 1. A regarding of oneself with undue favor, 2. A senseof one's own dignity or worth. amphibological adiectioeLiable to more than one interpretation.

FORGIVENESS.

see amuk. GALLANT

NOIIN.

1. nnorrc. 2. Bnorrc. LOVE. nOUn.

SHAPELESS.

1. rorer- rwun. 2. naponr noun. 3. gueNnrv. 1. Syns; add up to, aggregate, number, reach, run, total, 2. Syns: constitute, correspond, equal. -ldiont, have all the earmarks. 1. r,ovn noun. 2. rovn noun. l. Bcousu. 2. pnpr noun. AMBICUOUS.

analyze

37 amphibology noun An expression or term liable to more than one interpretation. adiectiae ampfe 1. Of full measure; not narow or restricted. 2. Characterized by abundance. 3. Large in expanse. 4. Having plenty of room.

AMBIGUITY.

l. 2. 3. 4.

rur-r,. cnNrnous. snoao. noouv.

amplification rwun The act of increasing in dimensions, scope, or inclusiveness.

amplify oerb 1. To makeor becomegreateror larger. 2. To increase markedly in level or intensity, esp. of sound. 3. To express at greater length or in greater detail.

EXPANSION.

l. ncnBesn oerb. 2. Br-nvern. 3. rr-e-eonerg oerb.

amplitude noun l. The quality or state of being large in amount, extent, or importance. 2, Great extent, amount, or dimension' 3. The amount of space occupied by something. a.diectir:e amuck also ?mok Out of control.

1. stzr. 2. nur-x. 3. szn. RUNAWAYadiectirseat run awa}.

amulet twun A small object worn or kept for its supposed magical power. amUSe oerb To occupy in an agreeable or pleasing way: I o:nwsed myself with a game of solitaire. nou,n amUsement 1. The condition of being amused: They perfonn musin for their auln arnnement. 2. Something, esp. a performance or show, designed to entertain: A puppetee'r prooided arn$ement for the party. adiectioe amusing 1. Entertaining or pleasing: an amasing game of bridge. 2. Arousing laughter: a Dery arntning ioke.

CHARM NOUN.

Syns: distract, divert, entertain, recreate.

1. Syns: distraction, diversion, entertainment, recreation. 2. Syns: distraction, diversion, entertainment, recreation.

1. Syns; distracting, diverting. 2. Syns: comic, comical, droll, funny, humorous, killing (Slong), laughable, risible, zany.

analogize oerb To represent as similar.

analogon noun Somethingcloselyresemblingor analogousto somethingelse. anafogous ad,iectixe the sameor almostthe samecharacteristics. Possessing analogue twun Somethingcloselyresemblingor analogousto somethingelse. analogy noun The quality or stateof being alike. analysis noun 1. The separationof a whole into its parts for study: a harmonicanalgsisof a Bachfugur. 2. A closeor systematicstudy: nnde an analysisof the electionto detennirwuhy the oictor had won. analytic alsoanalytical ad;iectine Able to reason validlv.

analyze oerb l. To separateinto parts for study: analyzed'the ore and fund, it contahud iron.

LIKEN. PARALLEL

IWUN.

r-IxE2. PANALLEL

|MUN.

LIKENESS.

1. Syns; breakdown, dissection, resolution. 2. Syns: examination, inspection, investigation, review, survey. LOGICAL.

1. Syns; anatomize, break down, dissect, resolve.

Ananias 2. To s_tudyclosely or systemaUcally: arvtlyzing Shakespeare'splaAs to find, recuning motifs. ^ Ananlas noun One who tells lies. anarGhy noun A lack of civil order or peace.

anathema noun 1. An object of extreme dislike. 2. A denunciation invoking a wish or threat of evil or injury.

38 2. Syns: examine, inspect, investigate.

LIAR. DISORDER NOUN,

1. Hern noun. 2. cunsp noun.

anathematize oerb To invoke evil or injury upon.

anatomize oerb To separate into parts for study.

ancestor noun 1. A person from whom one is descended: My ancestors were farmers. 2. A forerunner: The harpsichord is the anr:estor of the modem piano. ancestral adiectioe Of or from one's ancestors: lioed in the ancestrat home.

anGestry nwn

One's ancestors or their character: a Aoung mnn of I talian-G erman ancestry. anchor aerb To make secure. ancient adiectitse Of, existing, or occurring in a distant period. l. 2. Long past. 3. Belonging to, existing, or occurring in times long past. ancient noun person. An elderly 'aldiectioe ancif fary Giving or able to give help or support. anecdote noun An entertaining and often oral account of a real or fictitious occurrence. anemic adiectiae l. Being weak in quality or substance. 2. Of or associated with sickness. anesthetic adiectiae Lacking passion and emotion. anew adaerb Once more. anfractuous adiectiae 1. Not taking a direct or straight line or course. 2. Repeatedly curving in alternate directions. angel noun l. A pure, uncorrupted person. 2. Inforrrul. A person who supports or champions an activity, institution, etc. 3. One who assumesfinancial responsibility for another. angefic also angelical adiecthse Free from evil and corruption. angef rrnun A.s!9ng feeling of displeasure or hostility: Strong criticisrn often eookes anger. anger oerb l. To cause to feel or show anger: His condescending attitud.e angered her.

cvasn oerb. ANALYZE.

1. Syns: antecedent, ascendant,father, forebear, forefather, progenitor. 2. Syns: antecedent, precursor, predecessor, prototllpe. Syns: hereditary, inherited, patrimonial. Syns; birth, blood, bloodline, descent, extraction, farnily, genealogy, line, lineage,

seed' Pedigree' -r1""l"tentage' 1. nenr,y adiecfiae. 2. HrcH. 3. or-o.

SENIOR |TAUN.

adiectioe ;:::'"^'

1. pern adiectiue. 2. srcxr.y. INSENSITIVE.

xnw adoerb. 1. wnrnnct. 2. wrNorNc. 1. nrxocewr noun. 2. pernoN. 3. spoNson. TNNocENTadiectiae. Syns; indignation, irateness, ire.

1. Syns; burn up (lnformat), enrage, incenser, infuriate, ire, madden,

39

2, To be or become angry: She angered at the slightest hint of critici,srn.

angle oerb 1. To cause to move, esp. at an angle. 2. To direct (material) to the interests of a particular goup. 3. To try to obtain, usu. by subtleness and cunning. angle rwun 1. A way of considering a matter. 2. The position from which something is observed or considered. 3. Slang. A clever, unexpected new trick or method. adiectioe angry Feeling or showing anger: an a.ng ctt'stonrcr;an anry expression on his face.

angst noun Anxiousconcern. anguish rmun A stateof physicalor mental suffering. anguish oerb To causesufferingor paintul sorrow to. angufar adiecthse Having little fleshor fat on the body. anhydrous adiectiue Having little or no liquid or moisture. anfma noun The vital principle or animatingforce within living beings. animal adiectiae Relatingto the desiresand appetitesof the body. animalism twun A preoccupationwith the body and satisfactionof its desires. animality rwun A preoccupationwith the body and satisfactionof its desires. animalize oerb To ruin utterly in characteror quality. animate oerb 1. To makealive. 2. To makelively or animated. 3. To arousethe emotionsof; make ardent. 4. To raisethe spiritsof. 5. To impart courage,inspiration,and resolutionto. animate adiectioe 1. Marked by or exhibitinglife. 2. Yery brisk, alert, and high-spirited. animated adiectioe 1. Marked by or exhibitinglife.

animated provoke, steam up (Infonnal). -Idionw make one hot under the collar, make one's blood boil, put one's back up, put one's dander up. 2. Syns: blow up (Infonnal), boil (over) (Slang), bristle, burn (up), explode, flare up, fume, rage, seethe. -Idimts blow a fuse, blow one's stack (or top), breathe fire, fly off the handle, get hot under the collar, get one's dander up, hit the ceiling, lose one's temper, see red. L. snND oerb. 2. stts oerb. 3. urrrr oerb. 1. r-rcrrrl rroun, 2. polvr oF vIEw. 3. wnrNxr.r2. Syns; choleric, enraged, furious, incensed, indignant, irate, ireful, mad, maddened, seething, sgre (Infomwl), wrathful. -Idiffirls fit to be tied, foaming at the mouth, hot under the collar, in a rage (or

TTDTSTRESS rWUn.

orsrnrss oerb. rlaw adiectiae.

::*'*"

coanvvr oerb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

qurcxrx. vtcrrrr oerb. rrnn oerb. rr-err. rNcounecn.

1. er-rvr. 2. uver.v. 1. er-rvr'.

animating ?. V"y brisk, alert, and high-spirited. animating adiectioe Serving to enliven. animation naun l. A lively, emphatic, eager quality or manner. 2. Capacity or power for work or vigorous activity. 3. High spirits. animos-ity noun Deep-seated hatred, as between longtime opponents or rivals. animus noun l. The vital principle or animating force within living beings. 2. Deep-leated hatred, as between lonEime opponents or rivals. annals naun A chronological record of past events. annex oerb To join so as to form a larger or more comprehensive entity. annih[late oerb l. To destroy-all traces of: a cholera epid.emic that annihilated mnst of the population; an administration committ ed to annihilnting potserty.

?. To^n", 1n_end to_formally and with authority. 3. Infornal. To render totaliy inefiective by detisive defeat. 4. To.kill savagely andindiscriminately: The night raid,ersannihilated the settlers. 5. To remove or destroy completely. annihilation noun 1. Utter destruction: the Nazis' attempted annihilati.on of the leu:ish people. 2. ln often formal act of putting an end to. annotation noun Critical explanation or analysis. annOUnGe oerb 1. To bring to public noUce: The manngament anrwurrced that Horowitz would plai" corrcert. 2. To make known the presence or arrival of. annOUnGement tuxtn l. The act of announcing: The press listened,attentioely &t ng the President's-annutncenwnt. 2. A public statement: an ann{runcem.entof a cease_fire. annOy oerb l. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, esp. by repeated vexations: The corwtant requests fori dorution, f*"W began to annoy her.

2. To disturb by repeated attacks: smail children ,onrnying the cat by pulling its tail. annOyanGe rr,or.tn 1. Something that annoys: Headnches are a relatioely minor nwmAanca

40 2. r,rvnr,y. STIMULATING.

1. sprnrr. 2. nNnncy. 3. nr,auoN. ENMITY.

1. sprnrr. 2. rxurry.

HISTORY.

1. Syns; abolish, blot out, clear, eradicate, erase, exterminate, extinguish, extirpate, liquidate, obliterate, remove, root out, rub out, snuff out, stamp out, uproot, wipe out. -Idioms do away with, put an end to. 2. esolrsu. 3. ovnnwnBr,u. 4. Syns: butcher, decimate, massacre, slaughter. 5. anor,rsn. l. Syns.' eradication, extermination, extinction, extinguishment, extirpation, liquidation, obliteration. 2. esor,rrroN. COMMENTARY.

l. Syns; advertise (also advertize), annunciate, broadcast, declare, proclaim, promulgate, publish. 2. usHrn rN at uSher. 1. Syns; annunciation, broadcast, declaration, proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, publication. 2. Syns: declaration, edict, manifesto. notice, proclamation, pronouncement. l. Syns; aggravate (Informal), bother, bug (Slang), chafe, disturb, exasperate, fretl gall2, get, irk, irritate, nettle, peeve, provoke, ruffie, thorn, vex. -Idirnrw get in one's hair, get on one's nerves, get under one's skin. 2. Syns: bedevil, beleaguer, beset, harass, harry, pester, plague, tease, worry. l. Syns; aggravation (Inforrnat), besetment, bother, botheration,

antagonism

4T

2. The act of annoying: used tactics of annoyance to force the tenants to motse. 3. The feeling of being annoyed: He aon, much to his rioal's annoAance. annoying adiectioe Troubling the nerves or peace of mind, as by repeated vexations. oerb annul 1. To put an end to formally and with authority. 2. To remove or invalidate by or as if by running a line through or wiping clean. adiectwe annufar Having the shape of a curve everywhere equidistant from a fixed point. rwun annulmenl An often formal act of putting an end to.

botherment, irritant, irritation, nuisance,peeve, plague. 2. Syns: bothering, harassment,pestering, provocation, vexation. 3. Syns; aggravation (Inforrurl), bother, botheration, exasperation,irritation, vexation. VEXATIOUS.

1. asolrsH. 2. caNcel.

ROUND.

ABOLITION.

annunciate oerb To bring to public notice.

ANNOUNCE.

annunciation rwun The act of announcing.

ANNOUNCEMENT.

anomalism rwun The condition of being abnormal.

ABNORMALITY.

anomalous adiectirse Departing from the normal. rmun anomaly The condition of being abnormal. nau,n anonymity The quality or state of being obscure. anOnymOUS adiectioe Having an unknown name or author: a panel of medl,cil experts and arwnyflwus Aoung addicts; receiaed an arwnAnnus letter.

ABNORMAL. ABNORMALITY. OBSCURITY,

Syns; nameless,unnamed, unsigned.

anschauung noun Cerman. The power to discern the true nature of a person or situation.

INSTINCT.

Adschluss rwun Cerman. An association, esp. of nations for a common cause. rwun anSwef l. Something spoken or written as a return to a question, demand, etc.: gatsehim a rnsty ansoer. 2. Sbmething worked out to explain, resolve, or provide a method for dealing with and settling a problem: found the answer to the c-rosswordpuzale. answer oerb l. To speak or act in response tot atuuering a queslinn; arxwered his letter' Answer when Aou're spoken to! 2. To supply fully or comPletelY. 3. To meet a need or requirement. adiectioe answerable Legally obligated. ad;iectine Antaean Of extraordinary size and Power.

antagonism noun

l. A state of mind brought on by sometling that is antipathetic, 2. Deep-seated hatred, as between longtime opponents or rivals.

ALLIANCE.

1. Syns; comeback (Sl"ang),rejoinder, reply, response,retort. 2. Syns: result, solution.

1. Syns; rejoin, reply, respond, retort, return. 2. sertsrv. 3. ssnvn. LIABLE.

crANTadiectioe. 1. nNuparHv. 2. runatrv.

42

antagonist

)

)

3. The condition of being in conflict. antagonisl noun One that opposesanother in a battle, contest, controversv. or debate. antagonisti'c atliectioe Acting againstor in opposiUon. ante noun Slang. Something valuable risked on an uncertain outcome. antecede oerb To come, exist, or occur prior to in time. antecedence noun The act, condition, or right of preceding. noun antecedent l. That which produces an effect. 2. A person from whom one is descended. 3. A forerunner. 4. A closely similar case in existenceor irr the past. antecedenl adiectiae 1. Going before, 2. ]ust gone by or elapsed. antedate aerb To come, exist, or occur prior to in time. antediluvial adiectirse antedifuvian also antediluvial adiectir>e f . Ol existing, or occurring in a distant period. 2. Belonging to, existing, or occurring in times long past. antediluvian twun An old-fashioned person who is reluctant to change or innovate. anterior adiectixe 1. Going before. 2. Just gone by or elapsed. anthiopo-id adiectitse Resembling a man or human being. anthropomorphic adiectitse Resembling a man or human being. anthropomorphous adiectiae Resembling a man or human being. antic noun A mischievous act. antic adiectirse Conceived or done with no reference to reality or common sense. anticipanl adiectirse H-ayingor marked by expectation.

3. opposrrrox. OPPONENT.

OPPOSING. BET nOUn.

PRECEDE. PRECEDENCE.

1. 2. 3. 4.

ca.usnnoun. excnsron. e.wcesron. pnncnorur.

1. aovaNcn acliectiae. 2. pesr adiectiae. PRECEDE.

snnantediluvian. 1. nnnry adiectixe, 2. or.n. SQUARE noun.

1. aoveNcn adiectioe. 2. pesr ndiectiae. MANLIKE. MANLIKE. MANLIKE.

PRANK. FANTASTIC.

EXPECTANT.

anticipate wrb l. To.anticipate confidently. 2. To know in advance. anticipated ad;iectirse Known to be about to arrive.

l. nxpncr. 2. ronnsm. ovn adiectirse.

anticipation noun 1. The condition of looking forward to something, esp. with eagerness:a look of happy anticipation on the children's faces. 2. Something expected. anticipative adiectirse Having or marked by expectation. anticipitory adiectiae Having or marked by expectation. antidote nnun Something that corrects or counteracts.

1. Syns: expectancy (a/so expectance), expectation. 2. Bxpncrarroru. EXPECTANT. EXPECTANT. REMEDY NOUN.

apathetic

43 antipathetic ad,iectioe l. Arousingdeep-seateddislike: an authoritarian persan,in erseryway antipathetic. 2. Characterizedby a natural or innate opposition. 3. Acting againstor in opposition. antipathy nou.n 1. A stateof mind brought on by somethingthat is antipathetic:felt a real antipathg toward aiolent behaoior. 2. Deep-seatedhatred, as betweenlongtimeopponents or rivals. antipodal adiectr,ae Diametricallyopposed. antipode natn That which is diametricallyopposedto another. antipodean adiectiae Diametricallyopposed. antipole nuun That which is diametricallyopposedto another. antiquated adiectioe Of a style or method formerly in vogue. antique adiectioe 1. Belongingto, existing,or occurringin timeslong Past. 2. Of a style or methodformerly in vogue. antiseptic adiectiae Free from dirt, stain,or impurities. antithesis rwun 1. The conditionof being in conflict. 2. That which is diametricallyopposedto another. antithetical alsoantithetic adiectioe 1. Characterizedby a natural or innate opposition. 2. Diametrically opposed. ad;iectioe antonymous Characterizedby a natural or innate opposition.

1. Syns; aversive,hateful, repellent, uncongenial, unsympathetic. 2. cournenr adiectioe. 3. opposrxc. 1.. Syns; antagonism, aversion, hostility, repellence (also repellency ). 2. nNurrv.

oPPosrrEadiectioe. OPPOSITE NOUN,

"."",::,::OLD-FASHIONED.

2. olo-rasHIoNED. cLEAN adiectiae. 1. opposrnou. 2. opposrrg rwun. coNTRARY adiectiae. oPPosrrE adiectioe.

coNTRARYadjectiae.

anxiety nuun Anxious concern: feeling anriety about the outcome of the trial. adiectioe anxious 1. In a state of uneasiness:artxiotn about her high feoer and, pain. 2. Intensely desirous or interested.

Syns: angst, anxiousness,care, disquiet, disquietude, distress, perfurbation, unease, uneasiness,worry. 1. Syns; concerned, disquieted, distressed, disturbed, nervous, troubled, uneasy, unsettled, worried. 2. necnn.

anxiousness nnun Anxiousconcern. A-one adiectiae Infonnnl. Exceptionallygood of its kind. apaCe adoerb In a rapid way. apanage rwun apart adiectirse 1. Set away from all others. 2. Without equal or rival. apart adoerb As a separateunit. apartheid rn)un The policy or practice of excludinga minority group from full freedomor participationin a society. apathetic a.diectioe Without emotionor interestttentersapatheticabout rising property taxes.

ANXIETY. EXCELLENT.

rxr adoerb. sEEappanage. SOLITARY. UNIQUE. SEPARATELY. SEGREGATION.

Syns: disinterested, impassive, indifferent, insensible, Iethargic, listless, phlegmatic,

apathy

apathy noun Lack of emotion or interest: looked at the turmoil around him with complete apathy.

ape oerb To copy (the manner or expression of another), esp. in an exaggerated or mocking way. ape noun Slang. A person who treats others violently and roughly, esp. for hire. apefture noun An open space allowing passage. apery noun The act, practice,.or art of copying the manner or expressionof another apex rwun l. The highest point or state. 2. The highest point. 3. A sharp or tapered end. aphonic adiectioe Lacking the power or faculty of speech. apnOrlsm noun A usu. pithy and familiar statement expressing an observation or principle generally accepted ai wise or true. aphoristic adiectiae Precisely meaningful and tersely cogent.

aphrodisia noun

Sexualhunger. aphrodisiac- adiectixe Of, concerning, or promoting sexual love or desire. aplng noun The act, practice, or art of copyinq the manner or expressionof another apish adiectioe another in an inferior or obsequious way. __9^o-p_-T"g aplOmb noun 1. A stable, calm state of the emotions. 2. A firm belief in one's own powers.

apocalypse noun

Something disclosed,esp. something not previously known or realized apocalyptic also apocalyptical adiectioe Portending future disaster. ap0gee rmun The highest point or state. apologetic adiectiae Expressingor inclined to expressan apolory: an apologetic smile; an apologelic letter. apologetic noun A statement that justifies or defends past actions, policies, etc. apofogia noun A statement that justifies or defends past actions, policies, etc. apofogy noun 1. A statement of acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon: made an afology ^ foi being'\arc7, 2. A statement that justifies or de?lnds pastLtions,

44 stolid, unconcerned, uninterested, unresponsive. Syns; disinterest, disregard, impassivity, indifference, insensibility, lassitude, letharry, listlessness,phlegm, stolidity, unconcern, unresponsiveness. IMITATE.

THUG.

HOLE noun, MIMICRY.

1. cr,ruex rwun. 2. nucur. 3, porivr twun. DUMB. PROVERB.

PITHY. DESIRE NAUN. EROTIC. MIMICRY,

IMITATIVE.

l. sar,eNcr notrn. 2. coNrrnrNcn. REVELATION.

FATEFUL. CLIMAX

rmun.

Syns; contrite, penitent, regretful, repentant, sorry. APOLOGY.

APOLOGY.

l. Syns: excuse, regrets. -Idiom mea culpa. 2. Syns: apologetic, apologia, defense,

appeal

45 policies, etc.: The report was rwthing mnre than an ryology for capital Punishment.

justification.

apostasy nnurx

An instance of defecting from or abandoning a cause.

DEFECTION.

apostate nou,n A person who has defected.

aposiatize aerb

To abandon one's cause or party usu. to join another.

DEFECTOR.

onrncr uerb.

apostle twun

A persondottg religiousor charitablework in a foreign country. apostolfc adiectioe or their work. Of missionaries apotheosis noun The act of raisingto a high positionor statusor the conditionof being so raised. apotheosize oerb To raiseto a high positionor status. appall oerb To deprive of courageor the power to act as a result of fear, anxiety,or disgust. appalfed adiectilse Overcomewith intensefeeling,as of amazement, horror, or dismay. appafling adiectioe 1. Very bad. 2. Causingor able to causefear. appanage also?Pina$e nou,n A privilegeganted a Personby virtue of birth. apparatus rwun 1. Something,as a machine,devisedfor a particular funcUon. 2. Thingsneededfor a task,journey,or other purpose. apparel rwun Articles worn to cover the body. apparel oerb To put clotheson. apparent adiectioe 1. Readilyseen,perceived,or understoodtexplodedin angerfor rw aryarent reason;a dnngerthat uas apparent at once;antagonisrnthat usasapparent to eDeryone. 2. Appearingas suchbut not necessarilyso: His apparentgruffnesshid a deepkhd"ness. apparently a.dperb On the surface:apparentlycalrn but irwardly seething with rage. apparition twun A supernaturalbeing. appeal rtDun 1. An earnestor urgent request:mnile a ftantic appeal for help. 2. An applicationto a higher authority,aqfor sanction or a decision:about to makean aryeal to the Wremp court to reoiew the cose. 3. The power or quality of attracting. appeal oerb l. To make an earnestor urgent request:appealedto passers-byto chasethe muggSr;appealedfor help. 2.To make applicationto a higher authority: aryealing committeeto settle the problem. to the gri,eoarrce

MISSIONARY |WUN.

MrssroNARYadiectioe. EXALTATION.

EXALT. otsv,llv

oerb.

SHOCKED.

1. rnnntslr. 2. FEARFUL. BIRTHRIGHT.

1. orvrcr. 2. ourrtt rmun. DRESSt10un.

nnnss oerb. 1. Syns; clear, clear-cut, crystal-clear, distinct, evident, manifest, noticeable, obvious, patent,'plain, visible. -ldimw in plain sight, in view. 2. Syns: ostensible, outward, seeming, semblant, superficial. Syns: evidently, seemingly. -Idioms on the face of it, to all outward appearances. cHosr nnun. 1. Syns; beseechment, entreaty, imploration, plea, prayer, suit, supplication. 2. Syns: petition, suit.

3. errnecrroN. 1. Syns; beg, beseech, conjure, entreat implore, plead with, pray, supplicate. 2. Syns: apply, petition, sue.

appealer

46

3. To direct or impel to oneself by some quality or action. 3 . ATTRACT. 4. Tg bring an appeal or request lo the atiention of. 4. aoonrss trerb. appealer twun One that asks a hrgher authority for something, as a Syns; appellant, petitioner, suitor. favor or redress: the latest app'ealer of that ciurt decision. appeaf ing adiectiae Pleasing to the eye or mind. ATTRACTIVE. appear oerb 1. To come into view: A ship appeared on the ho*zon. 1. Syns; emerge, issue, loom, materialize, show, show up (Informal). -Idiom"s make (or put in) an appearance,meet (or strike ) the eye. 2. To have the appearance of: He appeared to be 2. Syns: look, seem, soundr. -Idicnn sleeping but he uas u:ide auake. strike one as (being). 3. To begin to appear or develop. 3. onwv xerb.

appearanGenoun

1. The act of coming into view: the surprise - appearance of an unerpected witness. 2. The act of arriving. 3. The way som-ethingor someone looks: Her elegant Wearance showed good taste. 4. The character projected by someone to the public.

appease oerb

1. To ease the anger or agitation of. 2. To grant or have whatls demanded by (a need or desire).

1. Syns; emergence, materialization. 2. annrver.. 3. Syns; aspect, look(s), mien. 4. nraacnnoun. 1. pncrrv. 2. sarlspy.

appellant noun One that asks a higher authority for something, as a favor or redress.

APPEALER.

appellation noun The word or words by which one is called and identified.

NAME NOUN.

appellative nnun The word or words by which one is called and identified. append oerb To join so as to form a larger or more comprehensive enUty. appendage rwun Something_resembling or structurally analogous to a tree branch.

NAME NOUN,

BRANCH NOUN,

appertain aerb 1.. snr,oNc. l. 1o be the property of a personor thing. 2. To be pertinent. 2. apply. appetenc€ alsoappetency noun l. A desirefor food or drink. 1. eppnrrrn. 2. A strongwish for what promisesenjoymentor pleasure.2. orsrnp noun. appetency rwun srr appetence. appetent adiectioe Intenselydesirousor interested. EAGER, appetite rwun l. A desirefor food or drink: Thoughhe hasa healthy 1. Syns; appetence (a/so appetency), appetite,he is no glutton. hunger, stomach, taste, thirst. 2. A-strongwish for what promisesenjoymentor 2. opsrnn noun, pleasure. 3. A liking or personal preference for something. appetition noun A.strong wish for what promises enjoyment or pleasure. applaud aerb 1. To gxples! ,approvd, esp. by clapping: The audience applauded the cast.

3. rasrn noun. DESIRE |WUN.

L. Syns; cheer, clap (for), root2. -Idiont give someone a hand.

appointment

47 2. To express warm aPProval of.

noun applause -

i. Apptol al expressed by clapping: a round of applause at the end of the connert. 2. An expression of warm aPProval.

2. pnersr. 1. Syns: hand (Informal), ovation, plaudit. 2. pnntsB noun.

apple-polish oerb lnforrnal. To support slavishly every opinion or suggestion of a suPerior.

FAWN.

apple-polisher rwun Informal. One who flatters another excessively.

SYCOPHANT.

applesauce noun Stang. Something that does not have or make sense. appliance -something, noun as a machine, devised for a particular function. adiectioe applicable Related to the matter at hand. noun applicant A person who applies for or-seek-sa job or position: a to college, iob appticant; an ayplicant fot admission nuun application i. e specific :usezGeometry has nutn7 practical arylicatiorw. 2. The fact of being related to the matter at hand. 3. Steady attention and effort, as to one's work. 4. A document used in applying, as for a job: You'll haae to fill out an aPPlication. 5. The grving of a medication, esp. by prescribed dosage. 6. The act of putting into PlaY. 7. The condition of being put to use. aerh apply i. fo devote (oneself or one's efforts): Fred applied himself to hts shtdies. 2. To put into action or use. 3. To be pertinent: This rule does rnt applq to you.

4. To ask for employment, acceptance, or admission: applying for a iob; applied to college. 5. To Uri"g an appeal or request to the attention of' 6. To make application to a higher authority. 7.To have recourseto when in need' oerb appoint i. fo select for an office or posiUon: The board of directors appointed Martin president. Iane appointed herself my conscierrce. 2. To supply what is needed for some activity or purpose.

appointee noun

A person who is appointed to an office or position: a neu consular aPPointee.

noun appointment 'i.

ftt" act of appointing to an office or position: The appointment of a Chief lustice is an important decision. of emPloYment' 2. A post -commitment to appear at a certain time and 3. A place. 4. h piece of equipment for comfort or convenience'

NONSENSE. DEVICE.

RELEVANT.

Syns; aspirant, candidate, hopeful, petitioner, seeker. l. Syns; employment, implementation, operation, utilization.

2. RELEVANCE. 3 . DILIGENCE. 4. Syn: form. 5. aoutNrsrRATIoN 6. nxnncrsgnoun. 7. ourv. 1. Syns; address,bend, buckle, concentrate, dedicate, devote, direct, focus (on), give, turn. 2. usn aerb. 3. Syns; appertain, bear on (or upon), concern, involve, pertain, refer, relate. -ldion;s have a bearing on, have to do with. 4. Syns: petition, put in (Informal), sign uP. 5. eponrss oedr. 6. rppnl' oerb. 7. nnsonr ro at resort. 1. Syns: designate,make, name, nominate, tapr (Slang). 2. runNlss.

Syns; designee,nominee.

1. Syns; designation,naming, nomination.

2. posrrtoN. 3. rNcecrurxr. 4. runNrsurNc.

apportion

48

apportion Derb To set aside or distribute as a share.

apportionment noun The act of distributing or the condition of being distributed. apposite adiectiae Related to the matter at hand.

appraisal nou,n The act or result of judging the worth or value of something - or someone. appraise oerb To make a iudgment as to the worth or value of. -

appraisemenl noun

The act or result of judging the worth or valtre of somethingor someone. appreciable adiectiae of being noticed or apprehended mentally. ^_!:ellk appreClate oerb 1. T9 recognize the worth, quality, importance, etc., of: Many art looers appreciate Renoir. 2. To.regard with great pleasure or approval. appreGlatlOn noun 1. Recognition of worth, quality, importance, etc.: a great appreci,otion of music and sculpture. 2. A being grateful: erpressed their appreciation uith a small present. 3. A feeling of d-eference,approval, and liking. apprecaatave adiecti-^e Showing or feeling gratitude. apprehend aerb 1. To take into custody as a prisoner. ?. To perceive and recognize the meaning of. 3. To perceive directly with the intellect. 4. Ob* To be intuitively aware of. 5. To be afraid of.

apprehension nuun 1. A seizingand holdingby law. 2. Intellectualhold. apprehensive ad;iectioe Filled with fear or terror. apprise alsoapprize oerb To causeto know about or be awareof. apprize oerb approach oerb 1. To come near in spaceor time: approachedthe house;approachingthreeo'clock. 2. To comenearin quality,amount,etc. 3. To make overturesto, esp.for the pulposeof achievinga desiredresult: approached-theboss about a raise. 1. I" go about the injtial step in doing (something). 5. To bring an appealor requestto thi attentionif. approach noun l. The act or fact of coming near:The dog'sbarking anrnuncedthe approachof the guests.Cold uinds mark the approachof winter. 2. A methodusedin dealingwith something:a neu approachto sohsingthe fuel shortage. approachable adiectioe Easilyapproached:Despite hisfame, he remained

ALLOT. DISTRIBUTION.

RELEVANT. ESTIMATE NOUN.

nsrrl.rnrn oarb. ESTIN{ATE NOUN.

PERCEPTIBLE,

l. Syns: cherish, enjoy, esteem, go for (lnformal), prize, relish, respect, savor, treasure, value. 2. enprrnn. 1. Syns; admiration, awareness, comprehension,enjoyment, liking, receptivity, responsiveness,taste. 2. Syns: gratefulness,gratitude, thankfulness,thanks. 3. nsrnnlr nDun. CRATEFUL.

1 . annrsr oerb. 2. UNDERSTAND. 3 . KNOW. 4. PERCEIVE. 5. rntn oerb. l. ennnsr rwun. 2. cnesp noun. AFRAID. INFORM.

sre apprise.

t.

Syn: near. -Idionw come close to. draw near to. nll;- aerb. Syns; address,soundr.

4. srtnr oerb. 5. eoonrss oerb. l. Syns: advent, coming, convergence, imminence, nearness. 2. Syns: attack, course, line, modus operandi (Latin), plan, procedure, tack, technique. friendly, responsive,

aquake

49 approachlble anrl sAnxpothetic.

warm, rvelcorning.

approach(es) noun Preliminary actions intended to elicit a favorable response. adiectioe approaching In the relatively near future.

ADVANCES. COMING.

approbate oerb To be favorably disposed toward.

APPROVE.

approbation noun Favorable regard. adiectiae approbatory Serving to compliment.

appropriate ad;iectiae l. Suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place: uore oryraprinte c_Iothesto the wedding music appropriate for that dramn'; an appropriate choice of words. 2. Suited to one's end or PulPose. 3. Consistent with prevailing or accepted standards or circumstances. appropriate oerb 1, To set aside for a specified pulpose: Congress appropriated money for public education. 2. To lay claim to for oneself or as one's right.

appropriation nou,n

1. The act of taking something for oneself. 2. Something, as a gift, granted for a definite purpose. noun apprOval i. Offi"i"t acceptance or permission: receioing approtsal for the formation of a fact'find'ing committee. 2. Favorable regard. 3. An act of confirming officiallY.

oerb approve 'i.

fo be favorably disposed toward: do rwt approae of gambling'

2. To accept officiallY. 3. To make valid and binding by a formal legal act' adiectiae approximal Sharing a common boundarY.

approximate oerb 1. To calculateaPProximatelY. 2. To come near in quality, amount, etc.

adoerb approximatelY -

Near to in quantity or amount: AVproximntely 40 people.cam,eto the meeting. rwun apprOxlmallOn A rough or tentative calculation.

noun appulse -

Violent, forcible contact between two or more things' adiectioe apropos Related to the matter at hand. adiectioe apt l. Suiiable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place. 2. Having or showing a tendency or likelihood'

noun aptitude 'An

innate capabilitY. aptness rwun An innate caPabilitY. aquake adiectioe Marked bY or affectedwith tremors'

ACCEPTANCE. COMPLIMENTARY.

1. Syns; apt, befitting, correct, felicitous, fit, fitting, huppy,meet2, proper, right, suited. 2. coNvnNlrnNr. 3. psr adiectirse.

1. Syns: allocate, designate, earmark. 2. essuur. 1. usuRparros. 2. cneNr noun. 1. Syns; authorization, concurrence, consent, endorsement, O.K. (lnfonrwl), sanction. 2. e,cceprexcr. 3. cosnnnATloN. l. Syns; accept, approbate, countenance, favor, go for, hold with, subscribe to. -Idioms take kindly to, think well (or highly) of. 2. plss oerb. 3. coNrlnlt. ADIOINING.

1. ns'rrlte.rn oerb. 2. anv* oerb. Syns: about, almost, nearly, roughlY.

ESTIMATE NOUN. COLLISION. RELEVANT.

1. eppnopntsrn adiectioe. 2. rNcr-rNno. TALENT. TALENT. TREMULOUS.

aquiver aguiver adiectiae Marked by or affected with tremors. arbiter rwun A person, usu. appointed, who decides the issuesor results, or supervises the conduct, of a competition or conflict. arbitrary adiectiae l. Determined or- marked by whim or caprice rather than reason: The use of the color red ti mean ,,stop,, is arbitrary. 2. Based on individual judgment or discretton: mad,e an arbitrary choice because there was rn basis for choosing logically. 3. Having and exercising complete poliUcal power and control.

50 TREMULOUS. JUDGE noun.

1. Syns; capricious, chance, random, whimsical, willful.

2. Syns: discretionary, judgmental, personal, subjective. 3. essolurn.

arbitrate oerb To make a decision about (a controversy, dispute, etc.) after deliberation, as in a court of law.

lvocn oerb.

A person, usu. appointed, who decides the issuesor results, or supervises the conduct, of a competition or confict. Arcadian adiectioe Of or pertaining to the countryside. arGane adiectirse Difficult to explain or understand. arced adiectioe Deviating from a straight line. archaic adiectioe Of a style or method formerly in vogue. arched adiectioe Deviating from a straight Iine. archetypa-i adiectit>e nature of, constituting, or serving as a type, ^_l::i:g_te arGnetype naun A first form from which varieties arise or imitations are made,

noun. JUDGE

arbitrator noun

archetypic alsoarchetypicaf adiectirse Having the nature of, constifuting,or servingas a type. archfieid ru)un A. perversely bad, cruel, or wicked person. architect naun One that creates, founds, or or.iginates. e arciform adiectioe Deviating from a straight line. arctic adiectioe Very cold. ardent adiectiae l. Showing or having enthusiasm. 2. Intensely desirous or interested. 3. Fired with intense feeling. 4. Marked by much heat. ardOr noun l. Passionatedevotion to or interest in a cause, subject, etc. 2. Powerful, intense emotion. ardorf ess adiectioe Deficient in or lacking sexual desire. arduous adiectiae 1. Imp,osing a severe test of bodily or spiritual strength. as to be almost perpendicularl -_3: I:Iarplyinclined arduously adaerb With effort.

couNTRYadiecthse. MYSTERIOUS.

snNr adiectioe. OLD-FASHIONED.

nnr*r adiectioe. TYPICAL. ORIGINAL

NOUN.

TyprcAL.

ORIGINATON.

nnvr adiectir;e. FRICID.

1. 2. 3. 4.

nxrnusrAsTrc. nacsn. passroNern. uor adiectitse.

1. rNrrrusresu. 2. passroN. FRIGID. BUNDENSOME. srEnpl.

HARD adoerb.

arid

51 rwun afea 1. A part of the earth's surface: an agricultural area; an utban area. 2. A surrounding site. 3. A rather small part of a geographic unit considered in regard to its inhabitants or distinctive characteristics. 4. A sphere of activity, study, or interest: Comparatioe literature is his area.

l. Syns: belt, locality, neighborhood, quarter, region, tract. -Idiorn neck of the woods.

2. LOCALITY. 3. 4. Syns: arena, bag (Slnng), department, domain, field, orbit, province, realm, scene (Slang), subject, terrain,

worrd noun afena A sphere of acUvity, study, or interest. afgOt noun An often regional form of a language not considered standard. adiectirse arguable In doubt or dispute. oerb afgue 1. To put forth reasons for or against, often excitedly: The senntor argued in faoor of the amendment. We argued the pros and coru of ga.srationing. 2. To engage in a quarrel constantly argues uith his wife.

3. To give grounds for believing in the existence or presence of. argue into oerb To succeed in causing (a person) to act in a certain wav.

argu'einto tserb afgUment noun l. A discussion, often heated, in which a difference of opinion is expressed: regula.rly had arguments about nlonea.

2. A course of reasoning: The argument is that consensationuill preoent shortages. 3. A fact or circumstance that gives logical support to an assertion, claim, or proposal. 4. What a speech, piece of writing, or artistic work is about.

argumentation noun The presentation of an argumenl: an attomey skilled in argumentation. adiecthse argumentative Given to arguing: an arguflwntatioe old cumwdgeon.

^.:::'--r' DIALECT.

DEBATABLE.

1. Syns; contend, debate, dispute, moot.

2. Syns: bicker, contend, dispute, fight, hassle, quarrel, quibble, squabble, tiff, wrangle. -Idioms bandy (or have) words, cross swords, have it out, join (or take ) issue, lock horns. 3. rworcere.

sEEargue. 1, Syns; altercation, clash, contention, controversy, debate, disagreement, dispute, fight, hassle, polemic, quarrel, rhubarb (Slang), row2, run-in, spat, squabble, tanf,le (lnformal), t:fr, unpleasantness,words, wrangle. 2. Syns: case, point, reason. 3. nresorq noun. 4. sunyecr rwun.

Syns; debate, disputation, forensics.

Syns: combative, contentious, disputatious, eristic, litigious, polemical, scrappv

adiectioe argute Elevated in pitch.

::::"*'*e'

rwun afia A pleasing successionof musical tones forming a usu. brief aesthetic unit. adiectioe arid 1. Having little or no liquid or moisture. 2. Having little or no precipitation.

1. onv adiectioe. 2. nnv adiectirse.

ariose 3. Arousing no interest or curiosity.

52 3, nonrNc.

ariose adi\cth:e Having or producing a pleasing melody. arise oerb 1. To come into being. 2. To begin to develop. 3. To have as a source. 4. To leave one's bed. 5. To move from a lower to a higher position.

aristarch rwnn A personwhofindsfault,oftenseverely andwillfully. aristbcracy noun People of the highest social level.

aristotratic adiectiae 9f qtgh birth or social position. aflStOl ru)un People of the highest social level.

MELODIOUS.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

nncw. otwN oerb. srnv. oerb. cnr ur at get. ntsn oerb.

CRITIC. SOCIETY. NOBLE. SOCIETY.

arithmetic nnun Arithmetic calculations. afm noun l. Something resembling or structurally analogous to a tree branch. 2. A component of government that performs a given function. arm aerb To. qgt (explosive material) into a weapon. afmlstlGe nDun A temporary cessation of hostilities by mutual consent of the contending parties. afmy rwun A very large number of things grouped together. afOma nnun 1. lhe quality of something that may be perceived by the olfactory sense. 2 . A sweet or pleasant odor. 3 . A distinctive yet intangible quality deemed typical of a given thing. aromalic adieZtbe Having a pleasant odor.

aromatize' oerb To fill with a pleasant odor. around adaerb 1. From one end to the other. 2. Toward the back. 3. In or toward a former location or condition. around adiectioe Inforntal. Having existence or life. around-the-clocX adiectiae afOUSe oerb 1. To induce or elicit (a reaction or emotion): Her magic tricks arotrced taonder in the children. 2. To elicit a strong emotional response from. 3. To stir to action or feeling. 4. fo cease-sleeping. arralgn oerb To make an accusation aqainst. arrange oerb l. To put into a deliberate order: amanging figures in sequential order. 2. To plan_the details or arrangements o[: ananging a formal dinner for 72.

FIGURES.

1. nneNcn naun. 2. snelvcH naun.

roto oerb. TRUCE,

CROWD TIOUN.

l. surr,l noun.

2 . FRAGRANCE, 3 . FLAVOR NOUN, FRAGRANT.

scrnr oerb. 1. rsnoucu adtserb. 2. sacxwARn adoerb. 3. secx adoerb. ALIVE.

snr round-the.clock. 1. Syns; awaken, foment, kindle, raise, rouse, stirr (up), waken. 2. rlrsplnn. 3. pnovoxn. 4. wrxn oerb. tccusn aerb. l. Syns; array, assort,classify, dispose, distribute, group, marshal, order, organize, range, rankl, sort, systematize. 2. Syns: lay out, prepare, schedule, work out.

arnve

53 3. To come to an agreement about: eaentually arranged the terms of the cease-f,re. 4. To put into correct or conclusive form. 5. To combine and adapt in order to attain a particular effect. rloun affangement 1. A way or condition of being arranged: Eoery qear we change the anangement of the fumiture.

2. An act or state of agreeing between parties regarding a course of action. noun affangements Plans made in preparation for some undertaking: We're making afiangements for our trip to Nassau. adiectioe arrant 1. Conspicuouslybad or offensive. 2. Characterizedby or done without shame. 3. Completely such, without qualification or exception. oerb affay 1. To put clothes on. 2. To put into a deliberate order. aftay noun 1. An impressive or ostentatiousexhibition. 2. A number of individuals making up or considered a unit. rwun affeaf or ?II€?IS Something, such as money, owed by one person to another. rwun affeafage 1. A condition of owing something to another. 2. Something, such as money, owed by one person to another. noltn affeafs

3. Syns: conclude, fix, negotiate, setl, settle. 4. ss,rrr-n. 5. nenMoxIzs.

1. Syns: disposal,disposition, distribution, formation, grouping, layout, line-up (also lineup), order, ordering, sequence. 2. acnnnunxr.

Syns: preparations, provisions.

l. r'r-ecneNr. 2. sneunr-rss. 3. urrnn2. l. onBss aerb. 2. ann,c.wcn. l. orspr-avnoun. 2. cnoup nou,n.

DEBT.

1. orsr. 2. nnsr. sEEarrear.

arrest aerb l. To take into custody as a prisoner: got anested for automobile theft.

2. To prevent the occurrence or continuation of a movement, action, or operation, 3. To compel the attention, interest, imagination, etc., of. affest rroun l. The act of stopping. 2. A seizing and holding by law: made fixe anests yesterfury; resisted anest aiolently. adiectiae arresting Readily attracting notice. adiectioe arrestive Readily attracting notice. noltn arrival 1. The act of arriving: the mayor's anioal at city hall. 2. One that arrives: a late aniaal at the party. 3. The achievement of something desired, planned, or attempted.

arrive oerb 1. To come to a particular place: aniaed at the ofi'ce at nine sharP. 2. To gain wealth or fame.

1. Syns: apprehend, bag (Slang), bust (Slnng), collar (Slang), detain, nab (Slang), pick up, pinch (Slang), run in, seize. 2. srop aerb. 3. cnrc aerb.

1. srop noun. 2. Syns: apprehension, bust (Slang), detention, nab (Slang), pickup, pinch, seizure. NOTICEABLE.

NOTICEABLE.

1. Syns: advent, appearance,coming. 2. Syns: comer, incomer, visitor. 3. succpss.

1.. Syns:blow in (Slang), check in (lnformnl), get in, pull in, reach, show up, turn up. 2. succrpo.

54

arrive at arrive at Derb To reach a goal or objective:Marwgementand the union aniaed at an understanding. arrive at oerb affOganGe rnun The quality of being arrogant:Eoen his ualk shoued his amogance.

arrogant ad1ectioe Overly convincedof one'sown superiorityand importance:An amogantmnn treatsothersusith condescerwion.

)

arrOgate oerb To lay claim to for oneselfor as one'sright. arrogation nuun The act of taking somethingfor oneself. arrondi adiectiae French.Deviatingfrom a straightline. art rwun 1. A skill in doing or performingthat is attainedby study,practice,or observation:"The art of saying things uell is uselessto a mnn who has rnthing to say."-Macaulay. 2. Deceitful cleverness:usedall the art at his disposal to manipulatehis colleagues. artfuf adiectioe l. Showingart or skill in performingor doing: an artful renditionof a Chopinmazurka. 2. Deceitfully clever: usedartful nxeansto get eractly what she wanted. artfulness noun Deceitfulcleverness. article noun l. An individuallyconsideredportion of a whole. 2. Somethinghavingmaterialexistence. articufate idiectioe l. Producedby the voice. 2. Fluently persuasiveand forceful. articulate aerb 1. To produceor make(speechsounds). 2. To put into words. 3. To makeinto a whole by joininga systemof parts. articulation norrn l. The useof the speechorgansto producesounds. 2. The act or an instanceof expressing in words. artifice rwun l. Deceitfulcleverness. 2. An indirect, usu.cunningmeansof gainingan end. artificial adiectioe 1. Madeby humanbeings,not nature:an artificial lnke. 2. Made to imitate something else: artificial flouers. 3. Not genuine or sincere: an artificinl display of affection.

Syns; attain, gain, get to, hit on (or upon). snr arrive. Syns: disdain, haughtiness, hauteur, insolence (also insolency), loftiness, lordliness, overbearingness, presumption, pride, superciliousness, superiority. Syns; disdainful, haughty, high-andmighty, hoity-toity (also highty-tighty), insolent, lofty, lordly, overbearing, overweening, presumptuous, proud, supercilious,superior. -Idiorn on one's

::::'" USURPATION.

nnNr adiectiae. 1. Syns: craft, expertise, knack, knowhow (lnforma./ ), technique.

2. Syns: artfulness, artifice, craft, craftiness, cunning, foxiness, guile, wiliness, 1. Syns; adroit, deft, dexterous, masterly, skillful. 2. Syns: crafty, cunning, foxy, guileful, scheming, sly, tricky, wily. ART.

l. nr,nnrnwr. 2. oeyrcrr. VOCAL. ELOQUENT.

1 .PRONOUNCE. 2 . sxv aerb. 3 . rNrrcnern oerb. VOICING. EXPRESSION.

2. rnrcx noun. l. Syns; manmade, manufactured, synthetic. 2. Syns: imitation, manmade, mock, pretend (Informal), sham, synthetic. 3. Syns; affected, feigned, insincere, phony (a/so phoney) (Informal), pretended, spurious.

aside

55 4. Artficially genteel. 5. Marked by unnaturalness, pretension, and often a slavish love of fads.

4. errncrpnP. 5. pr-asrrc.

artistic adiectioe Showing good taste. artless adiec-thse 1. Free from guile, cunning, or deceit: the artless bewildenrwnt of a child.

2. Af a plain and unsophisticated nature. adiectioe artsy Pretentiously artistic.

ad;iectiae artsy-craftsy or arty-crafty Pretentiouslyartistic. arty adiectioe PretentiouslyartisUc:arty mooies. arty-crafty adiecthse afUSpeX nau.n ascared adiectioe Chiefl.yRegional.Filled with fear or terror. ascend oerb a 1. To move upward on or along:ascend,ing mountain. 2. To move from a lower to a higher position. 3. To attain a higher status,rank, or condiUon. ascendancy nutn The condition or fact of being dominant. ascendanl ad,iectioe Having pre-eminentsignificance. ascendant rwun A personfrom whom one is descended. aSCenSlOn noun 1. The act of rising or moving upward. 2. The act of moving upward on or along. asCent twun 1. The act of moving upward on or along:the mountaineer'sascentof the Matterhom. 2, The act of rising or moving upward. 3. An upward slope:climbedthe steepascentto the top of the hill. ascertain oerb To obtain knowledgeor awarenessof somethingnot known before, as througfr observation,study, etc. ascribe oerb To regard asbelongingto or resulting from another. ascription noun The act of attributing. aseptic ad,ieah:e Arousingno interest or curiosity. ashake adiectioe Marked by or affected with tremors. ashen adiectioe Lacking color. ashiver adiecth>e Marked by or affectedwith tremors. ashy adiecthse Lacking color. aside twun l. The act of digressing. 2. An instanceof digressing.

TASTEFUL.

1. Syns: guileless, ingenuous, innocent, naive (aho narVe, naif, narf), natural, simple, unaffected, unsophisticated, unstudied. 2. nusrrc adiectioe. ARTY. ARTY.

Syns.'artsy, artsy-crafuy (or arty-crafty), contrived,precious,pretentious. sEEartsy-craftsy. snnharuspex. AFRAID.

1. Syns:climb, go up, mount, scalez. 2. xtsn oerb. 3. nrsnoerb. DOMINANCE. RULTNG ad.iectiae. ANCESTOR.

1. nrsn noun. 2. escrrvr. l. Syns; ascension, climb, climbing mounting scaling. 2. nrse rwun. 3. Syns; acclivity, grade, gadient, rise, slope. DISCOVER.

erffirsurE

oerb.

ATTRIBUTION.

BORING. TREMULOUS.

eu,r a.diectioe. TREMUI,OUS.

nx-n a.d;iec-tioe., 1. prcnpssrox. 2. prcnnssrox.

ask ask Derb 1. To put a questionto (someone):He askedher what

)

)

lNB Urong. 2. To seek an answer to (a question): haoe to ask the right qu.estiorw if you're going to bam. 3. To have as a need or prerequisite. 4. To request that someone take part in or be present at a particular occasion. 5. To endeavor to obtain (something) by expressing one's needs or desires. askance adoerb With skepticism. asleep ad,iectitse l. In a state of sleep. 2. No longer alive. 3. Lacking physical feeling or sensitivity. asomatous ad,iectioe Having no body, form, or substance. aSpeCt rnun l. A disposition of the facial features that conveys meaning, feeling or mood. 2. An outward appearance. 3. The way something or someone looks. 4. A way of considering a matter. 5. The particular angle from which something is considered.

1. Syns;examine,inquire (aho enquire) (of), interrogate,query, question,quiz. 2. Syns:pose,put, raise. 3. onrvrervo oerb. 4. rmvrrn. 5. nngvnsr oerb.

SKEPTICALLY.

l. sr-rrprNc. 2. onen adiectirse. 3. oreo aQectioe. IMMATERIAI-.

1. sxPnpssroN. 2. 3. 4. 5.

recn noun. eppneneNcp. r,rcrrrl noun. pnesn.

asPerity noun Something that obstructs progress and requires geat effort to overcome. aSperOUS adiectitse Having a coarse, irregular surface. aSperSe oerb To make defamatory statements about. aSperSiOn nf,run The expression of injurious, malicious statements about someone.

asphyxiate oerb To stop the breathingof. aSpffant noun !. One who aspires:aspirantsfor the presidency. 2. Aperson who appliesfor oi seeksa job or p6sition. asplfallOn noun l. A $rong desireto achievesomething. 2..A ferventhope,wish,or goal. aSplre oerb 1. To have a fervent hope or aspiration:a.spiringto great krcwledge; aspiresto bbcomean actress. 2, To strive toward a goal. asPirer rorun One who aspires. aspiring adiectioe Full of ambition. aSS noun One deficientin judgmentand good sense. aSsail terb l. To attack with harsh,often insultinglanguage. 2. To set upon with violentforce. -adiectioe assaifable Open to attack and capturebecauseof a lack of protection. assailant nurn One who startsa hostileaction.

DIFFICULTY.

ROUCH.

rtnr,

oerb.

LIBEL

TWUN,

CHOKE.

l. Syns;aspirer,hopeful, yearner. 2. nppr.rceNr. l. eMntrlor.r. 2. onreu rwun. 1. Syns.'dream, hope. -Idioms reach for the stars, set one's heart (or sights) on. 2. xu oerb. ASPIRANT.

AMBITIOUS. FOOL fwun.

l. nnvu-a oerb. 2. trrrcx aerb. VULNERABLE.

AGCRESSOR.

assertive

57 nuun assailer One who starts a hostile action. rwun assaif menl The act of attacking. assault oerb l. To set upon with violent force. 2. To compel (another) to participate in or submit to a sexual act. assault rwrrn The act of attacking. assay oerb 1. To make an attempt to do or make. 2. To make a judgment as to the worth or value of. 3. To subject to a procedure that ascertains effectiveness, value, proper function, or other quality. assay rwun l. An effort to do or make something. 2. A procedure that ascertains effectiveness, value, proper function, or other quality. assemDlage noun 1. A quantity accumulated. 2. A number of persons who have come or been gathered together. uur6 asseirble 1. To bring together: assemblingthe staff for the meeting. 2. To come together: A croud quickly assembled to watch the motorcade.

3. To create by forming, combining, or altering materials.

AGGRESSOR. ATTACK TWUN.

l. rrrncx oerb. 2. nepn.

ATTACK |WUN.

1. arrnvrpr oerb. 2. Bsrrnaernoerb. 3. rny oerb.

1. errpurr rwun. 2. rrsr twun.

ACCUMULATION. ASSEMBLY.

1. Syns: call, collectr, convene, convoke, gather, get together, marshal, muster, round up, summon. 2. Syns: aggroup, cluster, collectr, congregate, convene, forgather (a/so foregather), gather, get together, muster. 3. u*,n oerb.

assembly rwun 1. A mrmber of persons who have come or been gathered together: an assernbly of iurors waiting to be called. 2. A formal assemblageof the members of a group.

1. Syns; assemblage,body, company, conclave, congregaUon, congress, convocation, crowd, gathering, goup, meeting, muster, troop. 2. corwnxrIoN.

assent oerb To respond affirmatively; receive with agreement or compliance: assented to the board's decision. aSsent noun The act or process of accepting. adiectioe assenting Giving assent.

Syns; accede (to), accept, acquiesce (in),

:."^.'FAVORABLE.

assert oerb 1. To put into words positively and with conviction: Some critics assert that he is the world's greatest pianist. 2. To defend, maintain, or insist on the recognition of \ (one's rights, for example): She asserted her i.ndepend,enceand went back to uork. 3. To state to be true.

1. Syns; affirm, asseverate,aver, avouch, avow, declare, hold, maintain, state. *Idiom have it. 2. Syns: claim, vindicate.

3. crlr,v. oerb.

assertion noun l. The act of asserting positively: bold assertians of cultural w,periority. 2. A statement of something as fact. adiectiae assertive 1. Marked by boldness and assertiveness. 2. Bold and definite in character.

1. Syns; affirmation, averment, avowal, declaration, statement. 2. cr,eru rwun. 1. eccnnssrvn. 2. BupHeuc.

58

assertory assertory adiectioe Markedby boldness andassertiveness. aSSeSS aerb 1. To make a judgment as to the worth or value of. 2. To establish and apply as compulsory. aSsessment noun 1. The act or result of judging the worth or value of something or someone. 2. A compulsory contribution, usu. of money, that is required of persons or groups of persons for the support of a government. aSSetS nou,n All property or goods having economic value.

I

AGGRESSIVE.

l. nsrruerlc* oerb. 2. nrposn. 1. rsrrueru noun. 2. rtx noun.

RESOURCES.

asseverate oerb To put into words positively and with conviction.

ASSERT.

assiduity noun S!"-udy attention and effort, as to one's occupation. assiduous adiectioe Characterized by steadv attention and effort.

DILIGENCE. DILIGENT.

assiduousnessnoun Steady attention and effort, as to one's occupation.

assign aerb l. To setasideor distributeasa share. 2. 3. 4. 5.

To ascribe (a misdeed, error, etc.) to. To regard as belonging to or resulting from another. To appoint and send to a particular place. Lau. To change the ownership of (property) by means of a legal document.

DILICENCE. 1. ,lt.l-or.

2. rtx uerb. 3. errnrsurn oerb" 4. srerrox oerb. 5. rnlxsrrn.

assignation noun A commitment to appear at a certain time and place.

assignment noun Theact of attributing. assimilate oerb l. To takein andincolporate, esp.mentally. 2. To represent as similar. assimifating adiectioe capacity or tendency to absorb or soak up. {"tlTg.l aSSlmllatlOn noun The pr_ocessof absorbing and incolporating, esp. mentallv.

assimilaiive adiectioe Ifaving a capacityor tendendyto absorbor soakup. assist aerb To give supportor assistance. assist twun The act or an instanceof helping. assistance noun The act or an instanceof helping. assistant nxun 1. A personwho holds a positionauxiliaryto another and assumessomeof his responsibilities:an editorinl assistant;the colonel'sofice assistant. 2. A personwho helps. assisting adiecthse C.*llg or able to grvehelp or support. aSSlStfVe adiectitse Afiording supportor assistance. aSSlZe rwun Eng. H1st.The formal product of a legislativeor judicial body. assOciate oerb 1. To unite or be united in a relationship:Mr. Etkins

ENGAGEMENT. ATTRIBUTION.

l. assone. 2. LtxSN. ABSORBENT. ABSORPTION.

ABSORBENT.

rrnrp aerb. }IE.LP |TOUN. IJELP fwun.

L. Syns: adjutant, aide, auxiliary, coadjutant, coadjutor, lieutenant, second2. 2. nrr.prn. AUXTLTARY adiectioe. HELPFUL.

LAll/ noun.

1. Syns;affihate,ally, bind, combine,

59 uas associated with the f,nn of Harper and Brothers. 2. Ta come or bring together in one's mind or imagination: I aluays associate lilncs with spring. 3. To keep comparry: I told you rnt to associate usith him; he's bad rleus.

associatg noun 1. One who is united in a relationship with another: The politicinn's associa,tessuffered the consequerrces when the scand,al uas exposed. 2. One who keeps company with another: One of his closest associates is a mzrnber of Congress. 3. One that accompanies another.

assumlng conjoin, connect, join, link, relate. 2. Syns: bracket, connect, correlate, couple, identify, link. 3. Syns: consort, fraternize, hang out (Slnng), hobnob, run around (Informal), troop (with). -ldiont. ntb elbows. 1. Syns: affiliate, ally, cohort (Informal), colleague, confederate, copartner, fellow, partner. 2. Syns: buddy (Informnl), chum, companion, comrade, crony, mate, pal (lnformal). 3. eccoprpeNrMENT.

association nDun l. The state of being associated: The architect and the builder uork in close association. 2. A goup of people united in a relationship and having some interest, activity, or purpose in common. 3. A feeling, thought, idea, etc., associated in one's mind or imagination with someone or something specific. 4. A group of athletic teams that play each other. aSSOrt oerb 1. To distribute into goups according to kinds: assorted plates by siz,e. 2. To put into a deliberate order. adiectine assorted Consisting of a number of different kinds.

t. Syns: affiliation, alliance, combination, conjunction, connection, cooperation, partnership. 2. uNroN.

3. succnsnoN.

4. cournnENcE. 1. Syns; categorize, class, class.fy, gronp, pigeonhole, separate, sort, sort out. 2. ennerscn. VARIOUS.

assortment nu,tn A collection of various things: Und,er the Christnws tree was piled a Large assortrnent of packages.

assuage oerb 1. To ease the anger or agitation of. 2. To make less severe or more bearable. rwun aSsUagement Freedom, esp. from pain. aSSUme oerb 1. To take upon oneself: He assumed responsibility for his widoued aunt. 2. To take for granted without proof. 3. To lay claim to for oneself or as one's right: assutrwd the authoritg to clnse the ffice early. 4. To take on or give a false appearance of assuming a sober, dignified oxpression. 5. To behave affectedly or insincerely. 6. To put (an article of clothing) on one's Person. aSSUmed adiecttuse 1. Being fictitious and not real: an asw:nwd runTte. 2. Based on inference, not fact. adiecthse assuming Having or exhibiting excessive and arrogant selfconfidence.

Syns: conglomeration, diversity, gallimaufry, hodgepodge, jumble, medley, m6lange (aho melange), miscellany, mishmash, olio, patchwork, salmagundi, variety. -Idionx gab bag mixed bag. l. pacIrv. 2. nsr,rnvr. RELIEF.

l. Syns,'incur, shoulder, tackle, take on, take over, take up, undertake. 2. supposn. 3. Syns: appropriate, arrogate, commandeer, pre-empr (also preempt, pre6mpt), seize, take, usurp. 4. Syns: affect2, counterfeit, fake, feign, pretend, put on, simulate. -ldiorn make believe. 5. tc'r oerb. 6. noN. 1. Syns: adopted, made-up, pseudonymic, pseudonymous. 2. pnrstnarrrvs. PRESUMPTUOUS.

60

assumption

)

)

assumptiOn noun l. Something taken to be true without proof: acted on the assumption that both countries u)ere interested in world peace. 2. The act of taking something for oneself. 3. Excessiveand arrogant self-confidence. assumptive adiectit:i l. Having or exhibiting excessive and arrogant selfconfidence. 2. Based on probability or presumption. aSSUfanGe rwun l. A firm belief in one's own powers. 2. The quality or state of being safe. 3. A statement that expressesa commitment on the part of its maker as to its truthfulness or to the fulfillment of its conditions. aSSUre aerb 1. To cause (another) to believe something. 2. To render certain. assured adiectioe 1. Having no doubt. f. I{aying a firm belief in one's own powers.

astonish oerb

1. Syns; postulate, postulation, premise, presumption, presupposition, supposition,surmise, theory, thesis.

2 . USURPATION. 3 . PRESUMPTION. 1. pnrsulrpruous. 2. pnesulrprrvE. l. coNrrorNcr. 2. sarnrv. 3. wonp noun.

l. corwnvcn. 2. cuenaxrnn aerb. l. sunn. 2. coxrrunwr.

To impress strongly by what is unexpected or unusual.

SURPRISE.

l. So remarkable as to elicit disbelief. 2. Causing momentary shock.

l. resur,ous. 2. sranrr,rNc.

astonishing adiictit;i astound oerb

To impress stro-nglyby what is unexpected or unusual. aStoUnOlng adiectioe 1. So remarkable as to elicit disbelief. 2. Causing momentary shock. astraf adlectiae l. Y"ry broad and noble in character, scope, or grasp. 2. Pre-eminent in rank or position.

astrict oerb To check the freedom and spontaneity of. astringent adiectiae a noticeably sharp, pungent taste or smell. I{M"g astute adiectioe Having or showing a clever awarenessand resourcefulness in practical matters.

SURPRISE.

1. resur-ous. 2. srenrr.mc. 1. cnem. 2. rucunsr. CONSTRAIN. BrrrER

adiectiae.

SHNEWD,

astuteness noun Skill in perceiving, discriminating, or judging. asylUm noun l- Something that physically protects, esp. from danger. 2. An institution that provides care and shelter 3. The state of being protected or safeguarded, as from danger or hardship. asymmetric also aSymmetrical adiectirse Not straight, uniform, or s)rmmetrical. asymmetry nonn Lack of smoothnessor regularity. athirst adiectitse l. Needing or desiring drink. 2. Intensely desirous or interested. atingle adiectiae Feeling a very strong emotion. atman nou,n Hinduism. The vital principle or animating force within living beings. atmospherd noun 1. The gaseousmixture enveloping the earth.

DISCERNMENT.

l. covun rraun. 2. noun. 3. nnrucn.

IRREGULAR. IRREGULARITY.

1. tsrnsrv. 2. Eacsn. THRILLED. SPIRIT.

1. arn noun.

attempt

61 2. A general impression produced by a predominant quality or characteristic. 3. A distinctive yet intangible quality deemed typical of a given thing. 4. The totality of surrounding conditions and circumstances affecting growth or development. adiectioe atmospheric Of or relating to air. adiectirse atramentous Of the darkest achromatic visual value. rloun atrium An area partially or entirely enclosed by walls or buildings. adiectitse atrocious 1. Disgracefully and grossly offensive. 2. Extremely unpleasant to the sensesor feelings.

2. em noun. 3. rr,evon rwun.

4.

AIRY. BLAcK

adiecthse.

COURT TWUN.

1. ournecrous. 2. orrnwsrvn adiectioe.

atrociousness noun l. The quality of passing all moral bounds. 2. The quality or state of being flagrant.

1. slronMrrY. 2. rr,ecneNcv.

atrocity noun l. The quality or state of being flagrant. 2. The quality of passing all moral bounds. 3. A monstrous offense or evil.

l. rr.ecneucv. 2. nNonMrrY. 3. ournecg noun.

atrophy noun Descent to a lower level or condition. oerb attach To join one thing to another: the hinges to u;hich the door is attached.

DETERIORATION.

Syns: affix, clip2, connect, couple, fasten, fix, moor, secure.

attachment noun

l. Something that attaches as a supplementary part; bought on attachnwnt for the aaatum cleaner. 2. The condition of being closely tied to another by affection or faith: felt a strong attachment for her

1. Syns.' accessory, adjunct, supplement. 2. Syns: affectionr, bond, devotion, fondness, love, loyalty, tie.

friend.

attadk oerb l. To set upon with violent force: Germany attacked the Sooiet Union in 1941.

2. To start work on vigorously: City Hall is attacking the problern of substandard howing. attack nou,n 1. The act of attacking: a sneak attack that left the city in ruins. 2. A sudden and often acute manifestation of a disease. 3. A method used in dealing with something. adiectioe attackable Open to attack and capture because of a lack of protection. nnun atiacker One who starts a hostile action.

attain oerb

1. To succeed in doing. 2. To reach a goal or objective. adiectioe attainable Capable of being obtained or used.

attainment noun

Something completed successfully. noun attaint Archaic. A mark of discredit or disgrace.

attempt oerb To make an attempt to do or make: Let me attempt to

1. Syns; aggress,assail, assault, beset, fall on (or upon), go at, have at, hit, pitch into (lnformal), sail in (or into), storm, strike. 2. Syns: go at, sail in (or into), tackle, wade in (or into). 1. Syns; aggression,assailment, assault, offense, offensive, onrush, onset, onslaught, strike. 2. snzunn. 3. eppnoecr nounVULNERABLE.

AGGRESSOR.

1. eccouplrsrr. 2. ennrvn AT at arlive. AVAILABLE. ACCOMPLISHMENT. STAIN TWUN.

Syns; assay,endeavor, essay,offer, seek,

attend explain. She left without attempting a retort.

attempt nou,n 1. An effort to do or make something: the child's first aukward attempt to walk. 2. An earnest try.

62 strive, try, nndertake. -ldioms have a go at, have (or make or take) a shot at, make a stab at, take a crack (or whack) at. 1. Syns: assay,endeavor, essay,offer, take (Slnng), trial, try, undertaking. 2. nrronr.

attend wrb

)

1. To be with or go with (another). 2, To work and care for. 3. To have the care and supervision of. 4. To perceive by ear, usu, attentively. 5. To occur as a consequence. attend to oerb To put into correct or conclusive form.

attendant rwun 1. A personwhohelps. )

2. One that accompanies another. attendant adiectioe Occurring in company with. attendinga.diectioe Occurring in company with. attend to aerb attention naun 1. Concentration of the mental powers on something: The speaker held my full attention. 2. The act of noting, observing, or taking into account. attentive adiecthse l. Concentrating the mental powers on something: an altentioe audience. 2. Full of polite concern for the well-being of others: oery attenth;e to her guests.

attentiveness rwun Concentration of the mental powers on something.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

e.cconapely. snnvn. rnxo2. nren. ror-r,ow.

SETTLE.

1. nrr.prn. 2. eccoupANrMENT. ACCOMPAT{YING. ACCOMPANT-YING.

srp attend. 1. Syns: attentiveness, concentration, consideration, heedfulness. 2. lroncn rwun. l. Syns; advertent, heedful, intent, observant. -Idionw all ears (or eyes), on the ball. 2. Syns: considerate,courteous, gallant, polite, solicitous, thoughtful. ATTENTION.

attenuate oerb 1. To lessen the strength of by or as if by admixture. 2. To become diffuse. 3. To lessen or deplete the nerve, energl;/,or strength of. attenuate adiectioe little flesh or fat on the body. $aying-aerb

l. owvru aerb. 2. rutv aerb. 3. mqnnvern.

I- To assure the certainty or validi$ of. 2. To confirm formally t*", accrlrate, or genuine. ", 3. To give grounds for believing in the existJnce or presenceof. 1. To give evidence or testimony under oath.

1. coNrrnu. 2. cpnrrpy. 3. rNorcarn. 4. rrsrrry.

One who testifies, esp. in court.

WITNESS |IOUN.

attest

attestant nu.tn

rrl.w adiectine.

attestation noun That which confirms.

CONFIRMATION.

attire noun Articles worn to cover the body. attire oerb To put clothes on.

attitude naun l. A frame of mind a$ecting one's thoughts or behavior. A_g".r"ral cast of-mind with regard to something. ?. way in *1il"1, a person holds or carries his 6ody. 1. th" 4. The way in which one is placed or arranged.

DRESS |TOUN.

onnss aerb. l. posrunn noun.

2. SENTIMENT. 3. POSTURE N.OUN. 4. POSITION NNUN,

audience

63 attitudinize oerb 1. To represent oneself in a given character or as other than what one is. 2. To assume an exaggerated or unnatural attifude or pose.

attract

L. posa oerb. 2. posrunn oerb.

oerb

1. To direct or impel to oneself by some quality or action: A rww celebrity attracted the croud's attention. A handsonrc man attracts all eyes. 2. To arouse the interest and attention of. ad;iectitse attracting Pleasing to the eye or mind.

1. Syns: allure, appeal, draw, lure, magnetize, pull, take. 2. rr.mnnpsl aerb. ATTRACTIVE.

attraction rwun The power or quality of attracting: the attraction of lioing in a big city. City life holdsrn attractionfor the fann farnily. Sheis a womnn of great attraction to men. adiecthse attractive 1. Pleasingto the eye or mind: an attractiDeuoffnn; an attractioe ofer.

2. Having qualitiesthat delight the eye. 3. Pleasinglysuitedto the wearer. attractiveness rnun The power or quality of attracting. attribute oerb To regardasbelongingto or resultingfrom another:a painting attributed to dn Virrci. attribute twun 1. A distinctiveelement. with and servingto identify 2. An object associated somethingelse. attribution rnun The act of attributing: the attributiort of a preoiously u,nlcrwumsymphonyto Moz'art. attrition twun A feeling of regret for one'ssinsor misdeeds. attune oerb 1. To alter (partsof a device)for proper functioning. 2.To b.tttg (oneself)into harmonywith one's environment. 3. To bring into accord. atypical alsoatYPic adiectiae 1. Departingfrom the normerl. 2. Not usualor ordinarY. aU Couranl adie.ctit:e Frerrch.Modern. audacious ad:iectioe l. Rude and disresPectful. 2. Having or showingcourage. 3. Taking or willing to take risks' audacity noun 1. The stateor quality of being impudent. 2. Willinmessto take risks. audience noun l. The body of personswho admire a public personalitY,esP.an entertainer.

Syns: allure, allurement, appeal, attractiveness, call, charisma, charm, draw, enchantment, fascination, glamour (a/so glamor), lure, magnetism, pull, witchery. t. Syns: alluring, appealing, attracting, bewitching, captivatipg, charming, come-hither, encharfting, engaging, enticing, entrancing, fascinating, fetching, glamorous (a/so glamourous ), lovely, magnetic, prepossessing,pretty, sweet, taking, tempting, winning, winsome. 2. nreurrrur-. 3. sscoMrxc. ATTRACTION.

Syns: accredit, ascribe, assign,charge, credit, impute, layr, refer. 1. quelrrr noun. 2. svunor, nnun.

Syns: ascription, assignment, credit,

;:,,"* 1. eoyusr. 2. eoJvsr. 3. nenNroNtzE,. 1. esi.{onlvlAt,.

2. uxusuer-. coNTEMPo n xnx adi ectirse.

1 . TMPUDENT. 2 . BRAvE adiectitse. 3 . DARTNG adiectiae. 1 . IMPUDENCE. 2 , DARING |WUN. l. pusr-tc tloun.

audition 2. A chance to be heard.

64 2. snenntc.

audition nuun

! )

1. The senseby which sound is perceived. 2. A chance to be heard. au fait adiectioe l. French. Having the ability to perform well. 2. Frerrch. Conforming to accepted standards. aught noun Archaic. No thing; not anything.

augment oerb To makeor becomegreateror larger. augmentation noun l. Something tending to augment something else. 2. Something added to another for embellishment or compleUon. 3. The act of increasing or rising. aUgUr oerb To tell about or make known (future events) by or as if by supernahrral means. augur fwun A person who foretells future events by or as if by supernafural means.

1. nnenwc. 2. HBenu.Ic. 1. esln. 2. connncr adiectilse. NOTHING |WUN.

rNcnnest oerb. 1. eprrrrou. 2. ecconapANrMENT. 3. rNcnnesgrmun. PROPHESY.

PROPHET.

augury rwn I phenomenonthat seryesas a signor warning of some future good or evil. august adiectioe 1. Raisedto or occup)nnga high positionor rank. 2. Large.andimpressivein size,scope,or extent. au naturel adiectioe Not wearingany clothes. aUfa noun A generalimpressionproducedby a predominant quatity or characteristic. aureate adiecthse Characterized,bylanguagethat is elevatedand sometimespompousi" rtyl". auricular idiein:e Known about by verv few. auriflamme nou.n aufOfa rnun Poetic.The first appearanceof daylight in the morning. aUSpeX twun A person who foretells future eventsby or as if bv supernafuralmeans. aUSplGeS twun Aid. o.r support-given by a patron. aUSpfCIOUSadiecthse I. lndicative of future success. 2._Occurring at a fitting or advantageoustime. antitere adiectioe l. Cold and forbidding. 2. Archab. Having a noticeablysharp,pungenttasteor smell. austerity noun The fact or condition of being rigorous and unsparing. autarchic alsoautarchical adiectioe Having and exercisingcomplete political power and control. autarchy rwun A governmentin which a singleleader or party exercisesabsolutecontrol over all citizens-andevery aspectof their lives.

OMEN.

1. pxer-rro. 2. cneNo. NUDE. AIF' naun.

SONOROUS.

CONFIDENTIAL.

sns oriflamme. DAWN naun. PNOPHET.

PATRONAGE.

l. revoneslr. 2. opponrur.re. l. er,nAK. 2. srrmn a.diectioe.

SEVERITY.

ABSOLUTE.

ABSOLUTISM.

autocracy

65 authentic adiectitse 1. Not counterfeitor copied:an authenti,cpaintmgbq Rembrandt. 2. Worthy of belief becauseof precision,faithfulnessto an original,etc.: an authenticre-creationof a ReaolutionnryWar battle. authenticate oerb 1. To establishastrue or genuine. 2. To assurethe certainty or validity of. authentication rwun That which confirms. authenticity noun The quality of being authentic:recognizedthe authenticityof the painting. author nou,n One that creates,founds,or originates. author aerb To be the author of (a publishedwork or works). authoritarian ad.iectirse 1. Characterizedby or favoringabsoluteobedienceto authority:Nazi GermnnAwos an authoritarian society. 2. Tendingto dictate. authoritarian nou,n One who imposesor favorsabsoluteobedienceto authority:alwaysfelt his parentswere authontarinrw. authoritarianism rwtrn A political doctrine advocatingthe principle of absolute rule. authoritative adiectiae 1. Exercisingauthority: an authoritatioeUoung executiae. 2. Having or arisingfrom authority:an authoritatioe interyretationof Moznrt;an authoritatineorder. 3. Worthy of belief becauseof precision,faithfulnessto an original,etc. authority noun 1. The riglrt and power to command,decide,rule, or judge:-Themagorhas the authoritg to conoenethe schoolcommiltee. 2. A personor group havingthe right and powerto command,decide,rule, or judge: gooern:mental authonties; schoolauthonties. 3. A personwith a high degreeof knowledgeor skill in a particular field. 4. Conferredpower. authorization nou,n Approval for an action,esp.its grantedby one in authority. authorize oerb 1. To give authority to: I authorizedmy partner to negotr.atein rng behalf. 2. To qive one'sconsentto. autochthonal adiecthse autochthonic adiecti,ae iuiochthonous alsoautochthonal, autochthonic adiectioe Belongingto one becauseof the place or circumstances of one'sbirth. autocracy twun 1. A governmentin which a singleleader or Party

1. Syns: bona fide, genuine, good, indubitable, original, real, true, undoubted, unquestionable. 2, Syns: authoritative, convincing, credible, faithful, true, trustworthy, valid. 1. pnovn. 2. coNrrnu. CONFIRMATION.

Syns: genuineness,legitimacy, realness, truthfulness, validity. ORICINATOR. PUBLISH.

1. Syns; autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, doctrinaire, totalitarian, tyrannic al (also tyrannic ). 2. orcreronlnl. Syns: autocrat, despot, dictator, martinet, tyrant. ABSOLUTISM.

1. Syns; commanding, dominant, lordly, masterful, mighty, powerful, weightY. 2. Syns: conclusive, official, sanctioned, standard. 3. autrrllnc.

1. Syns; clout (/n/ormal), command, control, domination, dominion, jurisdiction, mastery, might, Power, prerogative, say-so (Informnl), sway. 2. Syns: higher-up (Informal), official. -Idiorn the powers that be. 3. rxpnnr naun. 4. recur-rv. PERMISSION.

1. Syns,' accredit, commission, emPower, enable, entitle, license, quatify. 2. pvnlulr oerb. srn autochthonous. snn autochthonous.

NATTVEadiecthse. 1. essor,urrsrra.

autocrat exercisesabsolute control over all citizens and every aspect of their lives. 2. A political doctrine advocating the principle of absolute rule.

66

2. essolurrsru.

autocrat twun One who imposes or favors absolute obedience to authority.

AUTHORITARIAN

NOUN.

autocratic adiectioe

t )

1. Having and exercising complete political power and control. 2. Characterized by or favoring absolute obedience to authoriW. autograph' t:erb To affix one's signature to.

automatic adiictA:e l. AcUng or happening without apparent forethought, prompting, or planning. 2. Performed or performing automatically and impersonally. autonomous adiectioe Having political independence. autonOmy nmun The condition of being politically free. auxiliary adiectirse 1. Giving or ab_let9 giye help or support: an auriliary dioision of the fire departrnent. 2. Used or held in reserve: on auxiliary xtpply of oit; an auxiliary engine. auxiliary noun A person who holds a position auxiliary to another and assumessome of his responsibilities. avail oerb To be an advantage to. avail ncntn fb." -qy"lity of being suitable or adaptable to an end. avaifable adiectioe Capable of being obtained or used: AII the arsailnble information hdi,cated th,at war was imminent. avariGe nou,n Excessive desire for more than one needs or deserves. avaricious adiectioe Having a strong ulge to obtain or possesssomething, esp. material wealth, in quantity. avenge oerb T.o exact reveng-e for: arsengedhis sister'sdeath by killing her murderer.

avengement noun The act of retaliating. avenging noun The act of retaliating. aVenue norrn A course affording passagefrom one place to another. aVef oerb To put into words positively and with conviction.

l. essor,urn. 2. eurnonrrARrAN adiectioe,

stcv aerb. l. spoNrexrous. 2. ppnruxcroRy.

rann adiectioe. FREEDOM.

1. Syns; accessory, adjuvant, aiditrg, ancillary, assisting,collateral, contributory, helping, subsidiary. 2. Syns: back-up, emergency, reserye, secondary, standby, supplemental, supplementary. ASSISTANT.

pnoptr

aerb.

vsE froun, Syns; attainable, disponible, gettable, obtainable, procurable. -Idirnn to be had. CREED. GREEDY.

Syns; fix (Informal), p y back, pay ofi, redress, repa/i requite, vindicate. -ldioms even the score, get even with, pay back in full measure (or in kind or in one's own coin), settle (or square) accounts, take an eye for an eye, wreak vengeance on. RETALIATION. RETALIATION. \MAY. ASSERT.

awake

67 avefage rtoun Something,ts & type, number,quantity,or degee, thSt representsa midpoint betweenextremeson a scaleof valuation: much more intelligent than the arserage. average adiectioe 1. Of moderatelygood quality but lessthan excellent. 2. Being of no specialqualrty or type. 3. To be expected. aVefment rwun The act of assertingPositivelY. averse adiectiae

'fi#I:ff#ffffi::":: rloun aversion 1. A state of mind brought on by something that is anUpathetic. 2. Extreme repugnance excited by something offensive. 3. A feeling of fear and repugnance. adiectioe aversive Arousing deep-seated dislike. oerb avert 1. To change the direction or course of. 2. To prohibit from occurring by advance planning or acUon. adiectioe avid 1. Intensely desirous or interested. 2. Having a strong urge to obtain or Possesssomething, esp. material wealth, in quantity. 3. Having an insatiable appetite for an activity or

Syns; mean3, median, medium, nonn, par.

1. eccnsresr-r. 2. onorNenv adiectioe. 3. couuoN adiectioe. ASSERTION. INDISPOSED. INDISPOSITION.

1. ervnperrrv. 2. orscusr r.ourr. 3. nonnon. ANTIPATHETIC.

L. rvxN oerb. 2. pnrvnnr.

1. secnn. 2. cnBnov. 3. vonecrous.

pursuit.

avidity nnun

Excissive desire for more than one needs or deserves.

GREED.

avidness rmun

The quality or condition of being voracious. avoid oerb To keep away from: They droaethrough the countryside,aooid'ingcities. Refereesnwst aooid taking sides. avoidance nyun The act, an instance,or a meansof avoiding. avoirduPois noun tnfornnt. The state or quality of being physically heavv. avouch oerb To put into words positivelyand with conviction. oerb aVOW -i. fo recognize,often reluctantly' the reality or truth of. 2, To put into words positivelyand with conviction' avOwal rwurt 1. The act of admittingto something. 2. The act of assertingpositively. await oerb To anticiPateconfidentlY. awake ad;iecthse 1. Not in a stateof sleeP. cognizance,and 2. Marked by comprehension, percePtion. awake oerb To ceasesleePing.

VORACITY.

Syns: bypass, dodge, duck, elude, escape, eschew, evade, get around, shtrn. -Idioms fight shy ol give a wide berth to, have no trudk with, keeP (or stay or steer) clear of. froun. ESCAPE HEAVINESS.

ASSERT. l.

ecxNowr.EDcE.

2. ,lSSenr. 1, ecxNowLEDcMENT.

2. assrnrroN. EXPECT.

1. waxrrur-. 2. ewenn. Wtrrn Oerb.

awaken

I I )

awaken Derb 1. To cease sleeping. 2. To induce or elicit (a reaction or emotion). awafd noun 1. Something given in return for a service or accomplishment. 2. A memento received as a symbol of excellence or victory. award oerb l. To give formally or officially. 2. To let have as a favor or privilege. aware adiectioe Marked by comprehension, cognizance, and perception: I am auare of my oum shortcomings.

awafeness rroun 1. The condition_of being aware: His auareness of danger made him cautious. 2. Recognition of worth, quality, importance, etc. awasn adiectioe Full to the point of fowing over. away adiectioe Not present. aWe rmun The emotion aroused by something awe-inspiring or astounding. awfuf adi\ctioe l. Causing or able to cause fear. 2. Verv bad. awfutfy' a&serb lVfonnql. To a high degree. awkward adiectioe l. Lackin_gdexterity and grace in physical movement: an awkw_ardgirl with huge hands and, feet; an upkward dnncer. lacking in the ability to do or perform. ?. 9lg"r{y 3. Difficult to handle or manage, an awkuird bundle to cary. 4. Characterized by embarrassment and discomfort: cn awkuard silence. 5. Causing self-conscious distress. 6. Characterized by inappropriateness and gracelessness,esp. in expression. awry ad:iectioe Not in accordance with what is usual or expected. axiOm noun A Broad and basic nrle or truth. ay noun b adtserb ?!e also al noun An affirmative vote or voter. aye also ay adoerb It is so; as you say or ask.

68 l. wrxn oerb, 2. enousn. 1. nBweno noun. 2. rnopnv.

l. coxrBn. 2. cnl-:,v oerb. Syns: alive (to), awake (to), cognizant, conversant (with), hip (to) (Slnng), knowing, mindful, sensible, sentient, wiser (ro). -Idiam on to. 1. Syns; alertness, cognizance, consciousness,perception, sense. 2. appnscrATroN.

::"." woNDER noun.

1 . FEARFUL. 2 . TERRIBLE. vnnv adtserb. l. Syns; clqmsy, gawky, gaceless, inept, klutzy (Slang), lumbering, lumpish, ungainly, ungraceful. -Idiorn a\l thumbs. 2. uxsxrr,r.rur,. 3. Syns; bulky, clumsy, cumbersome, cumbrous, inconvenient, unhandy, unmanageable, unwieldy. 4. Syns: constrained, uncomfortable. uneasy. 5. rMsannAssrNc. 5. uNronruNtrn adiectiae.

AMrssadiectioe. LAII/

fWUn.

sEEaye. YES NOUN,

vns adoerb.

oerb babble l. To talk rapidly, incoherently, or indistinctly: babies babbling in their mibs. 2. To talk volubly, persistently, and usu. inconsequentially. babble rwun 1. Unintelligible or foolish talk: o babble of aoires m' the airport; a speech that wos iust so much babble.

2. Incessant and usu. inconsequential talk. adiectioe babbling Emitting a murmuring sound felt to resemble a laugh. nuun babe

l. A very youngchild. person. A guileless,unsophisticated 2. Sl"ang. babel nou,n Soundsor a sound,esp.when loud, confused,or disagreeable. rwun baby 1.-,L very young child: a tiny baby in its mother's anrs.

2. A person who behaves in a childish, weak, or spoiled wayi a real baby who is afraid to assert herself. baby oerb To treat with indulgence and often overtender care: omnAs her son by hooering ooer him and babyinghim. adiecthse babyish 1. Of or like a baby: alnoely babyish face. 2. Of or characteristic of a child, esp. in immaturity. noun back The part or area farthest from the front: the back of the house. back oerb 1. To move in a reverse direction: As she talked she kept backing slowly tousard the dnor. 2. To aid the cause of by approving or favoring. 3. To present evidence in support of: backed his claim by showing the receiPts. 4. To supply capital to or for. 5. To asiure the certainty or validity of.

1. Syns; blather, chatter, gabble, gibber, jabber, prate, prattle. 2. cnerrrn oerb. 1. Syns; blather, blatherskite, double-talk, gabble, gibberish, jabber, jabberwocky (also jabberwock ), nonsense,prate, prattle, twaddle. 2. cHerrrR noun. LAUGHING. l. gABv noun. 2. rNNoceNT rtoun. NOISE NOUN.

1. Syns; babe, bambino, infant, neonate' newborn, nursling. -ldiom bundle of loy. 2. Syns: milksop, milquetoast, mollycoddle, weaklin g. -ldiorn mama's boy (or girl). Syns: cater to, coddle, cosset, indulge, mollycoddle, overindulge, pamper, spoil. 1. Syns; cherubic, childlike, infantile. 2. cnrr,nrsH. Syns: posterior, rear, rearward.

1. Syns: backtrack, fall back, retreat, retrocede, retrograde, retrogress. -Idimn retrace one's stePs. 2. supponr oerb. 3. Syns; buttress, corroborate, justify, substantiate. 4. rrxaNcr oarb. 5. coxrrnu.

back down (or out) oerb Syns:fink out (Slang),retreat. To abandon'aformer posiuonor commitment:She acceptedthe irusitationbut backeddown at the last miru.tte. back adiectioe l. Located in the rearz the back porch. 2. Distant from a center of activity: back toads, back adnerb 1. In or toward a former location or condition: going

1. Syns; after, hind, hindmost (also hindermost), posterior, postern, rearr' 2. Syn: outlying. 1. Syns; about, around, backward (also

backbiting

! )

)

back to their home town. 2. Toward the back. backbiting ad,fectioe Damagrng to the reputation. backbreaking ad;iectiae Iolpgrhg a.severe-test of bodily or spiritual strength. . bacl( down (or out) oerb

backer rmun A person who supports or champions an acUvity, institution, etc. backfire oerb To produce an unexpected and undesired result: Ilis - elaborate p.lnn to bypass his boss backfired.

background noun Pasteventssurroundinga personor thing. backing nau.n grvenby a patron. - -nour" . Ai! or support backland An uninhabitedregionleft in its natural state. backlog noun A supply storedor hidden for future use. backside noun T9 p"ra of one'sback on which one restsin sitting. sitting. backslide oerb To slip from a higher or better condition to a former. u2. lower or poorerone. backslide rwun A slipping from a higher or better condition to a lower or poorer one. back-sliding twun A slipping from a higher or better condition to a lower or poorer one.

70 backwards), rearward, round. 2. secxwARo adaerb. LIBELOUS.

BURDENSOME.

srr back. PATRON.

Syns: boomerang, bounce back, rebound.

HISTORY. PATRONACE. lffTLD TIOUN. HOARD |WUN. BOTTOM twun.

nmtpsn aerb.

LApsErKrun.

LApsEnutn.

backirack oerb To move in a reverse direction. back-up adiectioe Used or held in reserve. backward adiecthse l- Directed or facing toward the back or rear: a backward glance. 2. Not progressing and developing as fast as others, as in economic and social aspects: backuard peoples; backuard countries. 3. Economically and socially below standard. 4. Clinging to obsolete ideas. 5. Reticent or reserved in manner. 6. Having only a limited ability to learn and understand: a baclsaard child. 7. Exhibiting lagk of education or knowledge. backward also backwards adtserb l. In or toward a former location or condition. 2. Toward the back: iwnped backward, to atsoid the orrcoming taxi. backwards adaerb bad adiectiae l. Below a standard of quality: a really badbook.

2. Morally objectionable. 3. Misbehaving, often in a troublesome way. 4. Not pleasant or agreeable.

srcr Derb. AUxrLrARyadiectioe. l. Syns; retrogade, retrogressive. 2. Syns: behindhand, lagging, underdeveloped, undeveloped. 3. 4. 5. 5.

nrpnnssrn. ur.rpnocREsslvE. uooesr. Syns; dull, retarded, simple, simpleminded, slow, slow-witted, weakminded. 7. rcuoneur. 1. necx adaerb. 2. Syns: about, around, back, rearward. round. sEr backward. 1. Syns; bum (lnfonnal), deficient, unsatisfactory. -Idioms below par, not up to scratch (or snuff). 2, Yvl- adiectirse. 3. Neucnry. 4. uNpr.easANT.

bait

7t 5. Bringing, predicting, or charactenzed by misfortune: a run of bad luck; bad tim,es. 6. Impaired becauseof decay: a bad apple. 7. Causing harm or injury. bad nou,n Whatever is destructive or harmful. bad adaarb Infornal ln such a way as to inflict hardship or dfficulty. badge noun An emblem of honor worn on one's clothing. oerb badger 1. To torment with persistent insult or ridicule. 2. To trouble persistently from or as if from all sides. noun badland A tract of unproductive land. badly adrserb l. In such away as to inflict hardship or difficulty. 2. Not in the right way or on the proper course. adiectirse bad-mannered Lacking good manners. noun badness Whatever is destructive or harmful. adiectioe bad-tempered Having or showing a bad temPer. oerb baffle To prevent from accomplishing a purpose. bag aerb 1. To curve outward past the normal or usual limit. 2. Slang. To gain possessionof, esp. after a struggle or chase. 3. Slang. To take into custody as a prisoner. bag twun I. Slang. Something at which a person excels. 2. Slang. A sphere of activity, study, or interest. 3. Slang. An ugly, frightening old woman. rmun baggage A vulgar, promiscuous woman who flouts propriety. nou,n baill L. Law. Money supplied for the temporary release of an arrested person that guarantees his apPearance for trial. 2. One who posts bond. bail2 oerb To take a substance, as liquid, from a container by plunging the hand or a utensil into it. bail out oerb To catapult oneself from a disabled aircraft. bail3 oerb Austral. To take property or possessionsfrom (a person, company, etc.) unlawfully and usu. forcibly.

bail out uerb bailsman noun Onewhopostsbond. bairn noun

Scot.A youngpersonbetweenbirth and puberty' bait oerb l. To torment with persistent insult or ridicule: Neighborhood, tor.tghsbaited minority groups roith racist remarks.

5. Syns; evil, ill, inauspicious, unfavorable. 6. Syns; decayed, decomposed,putrid, rotten, spoiled. 7. nenurur-. EVIL fWUn. HARD adtserb.

DECORATION.

L. nl:r oerb. 2. ensrncn. BARREN rLOUN.

l. Hano adaerb. 2. wnoNc adoerb. RUDE. EVI'L nOUn. ILL-TEMPERED.

FRUSTRATE.

L. svrcn aerb. 2. rsr-s. oerb. 3. ennssr oerb. 1. ronrn. 2. enne. 3. wrtcn rwun. SLUT.

1. eoNo noun.

2. nownsuau. orc oerb.

EJECT. ROB.

snr bail2. BONDSMAN.

CHILD.

l. Syns; badger, bullyrag, heckle, hector, hound, needle (Informal), ride (Informal), taunt. -Idiom wave the red flag in front of the bull.

bake 2. T? excite (another) by exposingsomething desirable while keeping it out of reach. bait noun Something that leads one into a place or situation from which escapeis difficult. bake uerb' To feel or look hot. baking adiectiae Marked by much heat. balance naun l. A stable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces: Man has upset the balance of naturb by destroying certain species. 2. A stable, calm state of the emotiois: regained his balance slowly after the dirsorce. 3. Satisflng arrangement marked by even distribution of elements, as in a design. 4. What remains after a part has been used or subtracted: a balance due of gS0. balance oerb 1. Tq put^rn_balan_ce:balarrcing the useights on both sides of the scaLe. 2.To acias an equalizing weight or force to: Herbasic kindness balances her qufu;k tem.per.

3. To place or be placed on a narrow or insecure surface: balarrcing a glasson the edge of the table. 4. To examine so as to note the slmilaritiei and differences of. 5. To make up for the defects of. bafanced adibctit;e 1. Neither favorable nor unfavorable. 2. Having components pleasingly combined. 3. Characterized by or displayrng symmetry, esp. correspondence in scale or meas,rre. 4. Possessing,proceeding from, or exhibiting good . _ _judgmentand prudence. bald' a-diectiae 1. Without the usual covering. 2. Without addition, decorati-on, or qualificatjon. bafderdash noun Something that does not have or make sense. bafd-faced adiectioe _ Characterized by or done without shame. bafeful adiectir;b 1. Portending future disaster. 2. Strongly suggestive of great harm, menace. or evil.

bafk oerb To prevent from accomplishing a purpose. balk noun A large, oblong piece of wood or other material, used esp. for construction. balky adiectioe Given to acting in opposition to others. . baf l noun A party or gathering for dancing.

baffrion' unib

To curve outward past the normal or usuallimit. baffot rserb To selectby vote for an office.

2. r,lNrer,rzn.

LUF.Enoun.

nunv oerb. uor adiectit;e. 1. Syns; counterpoise, equilibrium, equipoise, stasis. 2. Syns: aplomb, composure, cool (Sl.ung),coolness,equanimity, poise, self-possession. 3. pnopont:rox. 4. Syns: leavings, remainder, remains, remnant, residue, rest2. 1. Syns; cotrnterbalance,equalize, stabilize. steadv. 2. Syns: compeniate (for), counteract, counterbalance, counterpoise, countervail, make up (for), ofiset, set off. 3. Syns: perch, 4. coupnnn. 5. coupnusatn. L. rnrn adiectitse. 2. syuvrrRrcAl. 3. synrnaerRrcAr-. 4. seNn.

ntnn adiectioe. stnn adiectioe. NONSENSE.

SHAMELESS.

FATEFUL. MALTcN adiectioe.

FRUSTRATE. BEAM NOUN.

coNTRARy

adiectitse.

DANCE TWUN,

nurcn Derb. nrnct oerb.

bandeau

73 noun baf loter One who votes. noun ballup balf up oerb t. Slang. To harm irreparably through inept handling; make a mess of. 2. Slang. To put into total disorder. ballup noun Stnng. A lack of order or regular arrangement. oerb ballyhoo t. tnfomwl. To make known vigorously the positive features of (a Product). 2. lnfunnnl. To increase or seek to increase the importance or reputation of by favorable publicity' ballyhoo noun Informal A systematic effort to increase the importance oireputation'of by favorable publicity. bafm oerb To make or become calm. balmY adiectitse 1. Free from seventy or violence, as in movement' 2. Slang. So senselessas to be laughable. bafoney also boloneY noun Slang. Something that does not have or make sense' noun bambino A very young child.

ELECTON.

snn ball up. l. r,orcr oerb. 2. coNrusn. DISORDER NOUN.

1. eovpnrrsn. 2. pnouorr,.

PROMOTION.

cN,u oerb. 1. cswtr-n adiectioe. 2. r'oor,tsn. NONSENSE. B.ABY TWUN.

bambobile Terb

Infonrwt. To cause to accept what is false, esp' by trickery or misrePresentation. ban uerb 1. To refuse to allow. 2.To keep from being published or transmitted' ban noun A refusal to allow' adiectioe banal 1. Without freshness or appeal due to overuse' 2. Lacking the qualities requisite for spiritedness and

DECEIVE.

1. ronsrn. 2. cnNson. FORBIDDANCE.

1. rntrn. 2. rNsIpto.

originality.

banalitY noun l. A trite exPressionor idea. 2. The statebr quality of being insipid. nuun bandl A thin strip of material or color: uore a red band on her head' band aerb To encircle with or as if with a band: The equator bands the earth. The uaist on this dress is banded in oeloet. band2 noun l. A group of performers: .' d bond of actors touring the country. 2. An organiied goup of criminals, hoodlums, or wrongdoers. 3. A usu. small number of individuals' band oerb To assemble or join in a group: The parents of the hand,icapped band'ed together to pressure the legislature. oerb bandage To afply therapeutic materials to (a wound)' rmtnt bandeau A thin striP of material or color.

1. cncni rwun. 2. Illstprorrv. Syns: bandeau, fillet, strit', striPe.

Syns: begird, belt, cincture, compass' encompass, engird, engirdle, gird, girdle' girt, ring. 1. Syns; company, corps, party, troop' troupe. 2. cer.rc. 3. cnoup nou,n. Syns: combine, gang uP (lnforrrnl), league, unite.

onnss oerb. gANDIrwu,n,

banderol

74

banderol noun banderolealsobanderol,bannerol noun

! )

Fabric used esp. L as a srrrnbol. r bandy aerb give To and receive. bane" noun 1. Anything that is injurious, destructive, or fatal. 2. A cause of suffering or harm. 3. Something that causestotal loss or severe impairment of one's health, fortune, honor, hopes, etc. baneful adiectiae l. Extremely destructive or harmful. 2. Portending future disaster. bang noun l' A forceful movement causing a loud noise. 2. A sudden sha1p, explosive ,roise. 3. An earsplitting, explosive noise. 4. A sudden sharp, powerful stroke. 5. Slang. A strong, pleasant feeling of excitement or stimulation 6. A dazzling, - often sudden instance of success. bang oerb l. To strike, set down, or close in such a way as to make a loud noise: banged the door behlid him. 2. To make an earsplitting, explosive noise. bang adoerb InformaL without the slightest deviation in any respect. banish aerb l. To force to leave a country or place by official decree: was banished for iornuitlng a rebellion. 2. To rid one's mind of. banishment noun Enforced removal from one's native country bv official decree. bankr aerb To place (money) in a bank: banks her saaings rather than keeping the nnney at home. bank on (or upon) aerb Informal. To place trust or confidence in. bank2 noun of things gathered haphazardly. I qo"O bank oerb To put into a disordered pile. .

pankotr ior upon) aerb' bankroll aerb . Slgng.To supplycapitalto or for. bankrupt aerb

To reduceto financialinsolvencv. r bankruptcy rmun The condition

of being financially

insolvent.

banned adiectitse Not allowed. banner noun Fabric usedesp.as a symbol. banner adiectioe Exceptionallygood of its kind. bannerol noun banquet rwun A large meal elaboratelypreparedor served. bantam adiectioe Notably below averagein amount,size,or scope.

snnbanderole. FLAGI noun. EXCHANGE. l. porsow rmun. 2. cunsn noun. 3. num noun.

l. vrnur-nNt.

2. r'arsrur. l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

sr-au noun. nrponr twun. slasr noun, r,Lo''/|l. rrrnrr,r, rwun.

6. rur noun. l. Syns; clap, crash, slam, whack. 2. p;rtsr oerb. PRECISELY.

1. Syns; deport, exile, expatriate, expel, ostracize, transport. 2. orsurss. EXILE NOUN.

Syns: deposit, lay away, salt away Qnfctmal), sock away (lnformal)'. DEPEND oN at depend. }{EAP NOUN.

rrntp oerb. srn bankl. FINANCE.

nvtN

aerb.

FAILURE. FORBIDDEN. rlecl

noun.

EXCELLENT.

srn banderole. FEAST,

LITTLE.

bargain

75 banter oeqb To tease or mock good-humoredlY.

baptize oerb To give a name or title to. noun bar 1. Anything that impedes or prev_entseltry or passage: His exnenw corwbnsatisn is a bar to his acceptarrce by the workers. 2. A relatively long, straight, rigid piece of metal or other solid material. 3. A judicial assemblY. bar oerb 1. To shut in with or as if with bars: In a rage, she baned herself tn her rootn. 2. To keep from being admitted, included, or considered. 3. To stop or Prevent Passageof.

barbarian rwun An unrefined,rude Person. barbarian adiectioe l. Lacking in delicacyor refinement. 2. Not civilized. barbaric adiectioe 1. Not civilized. 2. Lacking in delicacyor refinement. barbarism noun A term whoseform ofiends againstestablishedusage standards. barbaritY nnun A cruei act or an instanceof cruel behavior' barbarous adiecthse 1. Not civilized. a dispositionto be violently 2. Showingor suggesting destructive without scruple or restraint' bard noun Someonewho writes verse. bare adiectioe 1. Without the uzualcovering:abare hillsidp' 2. Not wearinganYclothes. 3. Containingnothing. decoration,or qualification: fust 4. Without "dditiott, the barefacts, Please. bare maioritg' 5. -Being Justsufficient:tnon the elechon-by a more' nothing and is specified what 6. bare oerb 1. To makebare: bared his head to the sun'

1or,noerb. Ntvrn oerb. 1. Syns; barricade, barrier, block, hamper, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, obstacle, obstruction, snag, stop, traverse, wall. 2. srrcx noun. 3. counr nuun. 1. Syns: confine, lock, wall. 2. nxcr-uop. 3. oesrnucr. BOOR.

1. coensr. 2. uNcrvrr-rznl. 1. uNcrvrr-rznu. 2. coensr. CORRUPTION.

CRUELfi.

1. uNcrvrr.rzno. 2. nnncr.

POET.

1. Syns; bald, denuded, exPosed, naked, nude. 2. uupn. 3. ruprv adiectioe. 4. Syns: bald, dry, Plain, simPle, unadorned, unvarnished. 5. Syns; mere, scant. 6. Drsnn. 1. Syns; denude, disrobe, divest, exPose' stripl, uncover. 2. nrvBlr..

2, To makevisible;bring to view' barefaced adiectitse SHAMELESS. Characterizedby or done without shame' adoerb barely Syns; just, hardlY, scarce. Bv i very little; almost not: could barely hear the statin. the through ,*trt bareness rruun NUDITY. The stateof being without clothes' bargain rwun 1. Syns; compact2, contract, covenant, 1. An agreement'esp.gne involving a saleor exchange: deal (lnfonrwl ), transaction' kepthb part of the bargain.andmowedthe num' ecnnBrunvr. 2. parties between 2. An act or stateof agreeing regardinga courseof action'

bargainon

76

3. Something ofiered or bought at a low price: a book that is a real bargain. bargain oerb l. To argue about the terms, as of a sale. 2. To enter into a formal agreement. bargain on (or for) oerb To anticipate confidentlv.

3. Syns: buy, giveaway (Informal), steal (Slnng). 1. Heccr-n. 2. coNrnec'r oerb. EXPECT.

bargain on tor forr ouib bark aerb

snr bargain.

l. To make a sudden sharp, explosive noise. ?.T, speak abruptly and iharpiy. bark noun . A su.lden sharp, explosive noise.

)

)

l. cnecx oerb. 2. sNrp oerb. REPORT NOUN.

barnacle n*ti Onewhodepends on anotherfor supportwithout

PARASITE.

reciprocating. barny-ard adiectioe Offensive to accepted standards of decency. baronial adiecthn and impressive in size, scope, or extent. . _L*9" DarOqUe adiectioe Elaborately and heavily ornamented. . Daffage rwun A concentrated outpouring, as of missiles, words, or blows: was hit witi a baiage of insults. barrage oerb To direct a barrage at: bana$ng the speaker with questions. barrel nxun lnformal. A great deal. barrel oerb . Slnng. To move swiftly. barren adiecth;e 1. Urrable to produce ofispring: a banen couple uho plan to adopt. 2. Lacking or unable to produce growing plants or crops: a bamen desert; banen i il. 3. Having no useful result. 4. Lacking a desirable element. barren naun A tract of unproductive land: the pine barens of Neu Jerseu.

barreriness noun l. Total lack of ideas, meaning, or substance. 2. Empty, unfilled space. 3' The state or condition of being unable to reproduce sexually.

OBSCENE. GRAND. ORNATE.

Syns: bombardment, burst, cannonade, fusillade, hailr, salvo, shower, storm, volley. Syns.' bombard, cannonade, pepper, shower. }IEAP NOUN.

nusn oerb. l. Syns; childless, infecund, infertile, sterile. 2. Syns: infertile, unproductive, 3. ruur-n. 4. erupry adiectiae. Syns: badland, desertl, waste, wasteland, wilderness. 1. nuprwnss. 2. NornrNcxrss. 3. srnnrr,rry.

barricade rraun Anythine that impedes or prevents entry or passage. "r-un barrier that imp_edesor,prevents entry or passage. l. t"$yg 2. A solid structure that enclises an area or separates one area from anot}er.

BARt10un. 1. san noun. 2. wlu.r nDun.

bar sinister nou.n

A mark of discredit or disgrace. basaf adiectioe trgating the simplest aspects. l. 9f.9r 2, Arising from or going to the ioot or source. basel noun l. The lowest or part or structure: built on a base of ,ou,atifiirting

STAIN rWUN, 1. nr,nunNTARy. 2. naorcar. adiectioe. l.

ffns.-basis, bed, bottom, foot, footing, foundation, fundament, ground,

bastard

77

2. Anything on which something immaterial, such as an argument or charge, rests. 3. A fundamental principle or underlying concept. 4. A center of organization, supply, or activity: the bigest anng base in the East. 5. Ling. The main part of a word to which affixes are attached. base oerb To take or serve as the basis for: bases her opinions on facts; opinions based on facts. adiectioe bisez 1. Having or proceeding from low moral standards' 2. Lacking high station or birth. 3. Of decidedly inferior qualitY. adiectioe baseborn 1. Lacking high station or birth' 2. Born out of wedlock. adiectioe basefess Having no basis or foundation in fact: a baseless accusation. bash rwun l. InforTrnl. A sudden sharp, powerful stroke' 2. Slang. A big, exuberant Party. 3, Slaig. A large or important social gathering' bash rserb Informat. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenly and sharply. adiectioe bashful Reticent or reserved in manner. adiectioe basic 1. Of or being an irreducible element. 2. Arising from or going to the root or source' 3. Consti--tutingor fbrming part of the essenceof something. 4. Of or treating the simplest aspects' basic rraun A fundamental, irreducible constituent of a whole' adoerb basically In regard to the essenceof a matter. nuun basin l. The region drained by a river system: Much.of .the tourt{ lies within the Mississippi-Missouri basin' 2. An arei sunk below its surroundings' -basis noun l: A"ything on which somethingimmaterial, such as an atg,tment or charge, rests: making decisiorw on the basis of exPedierrcY. 2. The lowest or supportlng Part or structure' 3. A fundamental principle or underlying concept: Freedom of speech is a basis of demncracy' 4. A jusUfying fact or consideration: madc an acanation totallg uithu'tt basi"s' 5. An established position from which to operate or deal with other^s:We're on a fnendly enough basis' bask oerb To take extravagant Pleasure' bass ad;iecthse Being a sound produced by a relatively small frequency of vibrations, adiectirse bastard Born out of wedlock.

goundwork, seat, substratum, underpinning. 2. sesrs. 3. sests. 4. Syns: complex, headquarters, installation, station. 5. rHEN{r.

Syns; build, establish, found, ground, predicate, restl, root in, seat. l.

SORDID.

2 . LOWLY. 3 . SHODDY. t . LOWLY. 2. ILLEGITIMATE. Syns; bottomless, groundless, idle, unfounded, unwarranted. l. er-ow2. 2. slesr rroun. 3. penrv. :,i^rraerb.

MODEST. 1. nr.rtvrnr.ITel-. 2. narrcer. adiectitse. 3. BssrNrr N. adiectiae. 4. nr-Bunr.l-ranv. ELEMENT. ESSENTIALLY. l.

Syn: watershed.

2. orpnrsstoN. 1. Syns; baser, footing, foundbtion, ground, groundwork. 2. s,{ssl rw,fil. 3. Syns; baser, cornerstone, foundation, fundamental, rootl, rudiment. 4. Syns: foundation, justificaUon, reason' warrant. 5. Syns; footing, status, terms.

LUXURIATE. row adiectil;e.

ILLEGTTIMATE.

bastardize

78

bastardize oerb . To ruin utterly in character or quality.

bastardy noun

The condition of being of illegitimate birth. baste oerb hit T-o heavily and repeatedly. . batl noun - SU"S.A drinking bout. bat2 rn)un - Slpng. An ugly, frightening old woman. bat3 lerb - To- open and close the eyes rapidly. batch noun A number of individuals making up or considered a unit. bate aerb To become less active or intense. bathe oerb l. To make moist. . ?, Tg flow againstor along. bathetic adibctiae 1. Affectedly or extravagantly emotional. 2. Without freshnesso, appeal due to overuse. bathos noun The quality or condition of being afiectedly or overly emotional.

connupr oerb. ILLEGITIMACY.

enxr aerb. BENDER. WITCH NOUN.

srtNx aerb. GROUP NOUN.

SUBSIDE.

1 . WASH. 2 . WASH. l. sBNrlunNTAL.

2. rnrrr. SENTIMENTALITY.

batten oerb . To make a large profit.

batter oerb 1.

injure or damage, *-!y abuse or heavy wear a fo house that uas baftered by the humcan^el 2. To hit heavily and repeatedly with violent blows. battle rloun l. An intense competition: a political battle; a battle of wits. 2. A hostile encounter between opposing military forces. battle oerb To strive in opposition to. battle-ax or batile-axe naun p"5o1, esp. a woman, who habitually uses loud, t aDuslvelanzuage.

battfe-axe *i" batty ad'iectitse Slang. _Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness. bauble nmun A small, showy article. bawd noun A woman who engagesin sexual intercourse for payment. ba-wl aerb l. To cry loudly, as a healthy child does from pain or distress: The unharyy infant kicked b"itntt. 2. To make inarticulate sorrndsof grief ""d o, pui", "* _ accompanied by tears. speak or say very loudly. 1. I" !.Tg say (something)with a shout. bawl out oerb l. ?f"y"g/. To repriTunq loudly or harshly: got bawled out for iruubordirntioh.

cLEANup at clean. l. Syns; knock about, knock around. mangle, maul, rough up. _ 2. sutr oerb. 1. Syns; struggle, v),rng. 2. coMeer noun.

CONTEND. SCOLD NOUN,

srn battle-ax. INSANE.

NOVELTY.

PROSTITUTE.

1. Syns; howl, wail, yowl. 2. cnv oerb. 3. notn aerb. 4. snovt oerb. l. Syns; berate, ratez, tell ofi (Informat), tongueJash, wig (Brit.). _Idicms call on the carpet, give hell to.

bear

79 2. lnformal. To criticize for a fault or offense. bawl noun A loud, deep, prolonged sound. noun bawling A fit of crying. oerb bawl out bayt noun A body of water partly enclosed by land but-having a wide outlet to the seal.sailboats bobbing in the blue uater of the bay. oerb bayt To utter or emit a long, mournful, plaintive sound' bazoo noun Any derisive sound of disapproval. be oerb 1. To have reality or life: I think, therefore I am. 2. To have being or actualitY. beak noun 1. The horny projection forming a bird's j1*s. 2. Informnl.'The structure on the human face that contains the nostrils and organs of smell and forms the beginning of the respiratory tract. noun beam oblong piece of wood-or other material, 1. A large, -esp. for construction: a dtning-room ceiling used beams. exPosed featuring 2. i series of particles or waves traveling close together in parallel paths: A beam of light peeped through the curtairu. beam oerb 1. To emit a bright light: A hot sun beam'edin the sky' 2. To curve the lips upward in expressing amusement, pleasure,or haPPiness. adiectirse beaming Giving ofi or refecting light readily or in large amounts. bean noun Slang. The uppermost part of the body' oerb bear 1. To hold up: men bearing the burden of leadership in wartwne. 2. To hold on one's Person. 3. To move while suPPorting. 4. To hold and turn bver in the mind: often bore grudges. 5. 1o be endowed with as a visible characteristic or form: sistersbearing a strong resernblarrceto their mother. 6. To conduct oneself in a specified way' 7.To Put uP with. 8. To gi"" Ui.ttt lo: a wontnn who has bome three children. 9. To bring forth (a product): fruit trees that bear welL 10. To exert presswe: an old man bearingheaoily on his cane. 11. To proceed in a specified direcUon: Bear Nght at the next intersection. 12. To cause to come along with oneself' bear on (or uPon) aerb To be Pertinent.

2. cnrr DowN at call.

#;:#l Syns: bight, cove.

g,ctwr aerb. }ltss floun. l. Syns; breathe, exist, liver, subsist, 2. rxtsr. 1. srLL2, 2. ntosnnoun.

l. Syns: balk, timber.

2. Syns: ray, shaft.

l. Syns; blazer, burn, gleam, glow' incandesce,radiate, shine. 2. sv'rl,s oerb.

}IEAD NOUN.

1. Syns; carry, suPPort, sustain. 2. ctnnv oerb. 3. c,c.nnvoerb. 4. Syns: harbor, nurse. 5. Syns; carry, disPlaY, exhibit, have, possess. 6. tcr aerb. 7. rrvpunn. 8. Syns; birth (Chiefly Regiorwl), bring forth, deliver, have. -Idiornbe brought abed (or to bed) of. 9. Syns; produce, Yield. 10. Syns; press, Push. 11. SYns; go, head, make, set out, strike out. 12. nnwc. APPLY.

II I )

bearable bear out oerb 1. To assure the certainty or validity of. 2. To establish as true or genuine. bear up aerb To withstand stress,or difficulty: bore up well during his mother's long illness. bearable adieciiae Capable of h_eingtolerated: It's mnre discomfort than pain-quite bearable. beard oerb To confront boldly and courageously. bearer twun A personwho carries messagesor is sent on errands: g!!" the bearer a receipt foi the package. _ Deaflng naun 1. Behavior through which one reveals one's personality: a person of dignified bearing. 2. One's place and direction relative to one's surroundings: can't find my bearing in this strange city. 3. The fact of being related to the matter at hand. 4. A connecting relation. 5. The compixs direction in which a ship or aircraft moves.

80 l. coNrrnu. 2. pnovr, Syns; endure, hold up, stand up.

Syns: endurable, sufierable, tolerable.

DEFY.

Syns; carrier, courier, messenger, runner.

l. Syns; address,air, demeanor, gest (also geste) (Archaic), manner, mien, port (Archaic), presence, style. _ 2. Syns: bearings,location, orientation, position, situation. 3. nnlrvencr. 4. coNcrnN. 5. nneowc.

bearings rwrn One's place and direction relative to one,s surroundings. -UpOn; bear On 1or rserb bear out aerb bear up aerb beast rwun A.p.*"rsely bad, cruel, or wicked person. . beat oerb 1. To hit heavily and repeatedly with violent blows: mugged and beaten Utacteand blue.

2. To punish with blows or lashes: beat the boy for srrcking. 3. shape, break, or fatten with repeated blows: To beat cwer into bowls. 4. T? mix rapidly t9 u frothy consistency: beat egg _ uhites for a meringue. 9. To move (wings, arms, etc.) up and down. 6. To indicate (time or rhythm), as with repeated gestures or sounds: a conductor beatingihe meter uith his baton. 7. To make rhythmic contractions, sounds, or movements: I/rs heart beat uith excitement. 8. To win a victory over, as in battie or a competition. I ,1. Iryformal. To be greater or better tJran. lO. To make incapable of finding something to lknp. think, do, or say. ll. To be projected with blinding intensity. beat otf oerb To turn or drive away. beat noun l. A repeated_strokeor esp. one that produces a !low, sound: the beat of gailoping hooJs. 2. A periodic contracEon or s6.rnd of something coursing: the beat of a heart.

BEARING.

snr bear. srn bear. srr bear. FIEND.

L Syns: baste, batter, belabor, bufiet, drub, hammer, lambaste (Slnng), pound, pummel, thrash, thresli (Rare). -Idiom rain blows on. 2. Syns: flog, hide2, lay into, lick Qb"g)^, thrash, trim (Informal), whip. 3. Syns; forger, hammer, pound.' 4. Syns: whip, whisk. 5. rutp oerb. 5. Syns; count, mark.

7. Syns: palpitate, pulsate, pulse, throb. 8. onpntr oerb. 9. sunpass. lO. uolpr,us, Lt. crrnn oerb. PA.RRY.

1. Syns;clunk, pounding,thump. 2. Synl: palpitation,pulsation,pulse, throb.

bed

81 3. An area regularly covered, as by a policeman or reporter: The Upper West Side is my- beat. 4. The regular recurrence of strong and weak elements, such as stressed and unstressed notes in music. beat adiectirse Informnl. ExtremelY tired. noun beaiing 1. A-punishment dealt with blows or lashes: gaoe him a beating for lYing. 2. The act-oi defbating or the condition of being defeated,

3. Syns; circuit, province, round, route. 4. nrrvrnrra.

EXIIAUSTED.

l. Syns; foggrng, hiding, licking (Slang), thrashing, whipPing. 2. orrner noun.

beatitude noun

A condition of supreme well-being and good spirits'

beat off oerb beau noun

A man who courts a woman: a flirt sunoundzd by beaus.

HAPPINESS.

snnbeat. Syns:admirer, courter, suitor, swain.

beau geste noun

An act requiring specialgenerosity. beau ideal rwun One that is worthy of imitadonor duplication' beauteous adiectioe Having qualitiesthat delight the eye. beautiful adiectioe Having qualities that delight the eye: the most beautiful face I eDersau.

beautify oerb To endow with beautyand eleganceby way of a notableaddition. beauty rwun 1. A womanregardedasbeautifuli u)osa real beauty in her dny. 2. A specialfeatureor quality that conferssuperiority' becalm oerb To makeor becomecalm. beckon oerb To solicit (danger)playfully and provocatively,often unwittinglY. becloud oerb To make dim or indistinct. beclouded adiectioe Coveredby or as if by a thin coatingor film' become oerb 1. To come to be: As time rtsenton sho becamemore and more like her mother. New York becamemy hom.e. 2.To be appropriateor suitableto. 3. To look goodon or with. 4. To be in keePingwith. becoming adiectioe 1. Pleasinglyiuited to the wearer:uore a becorning hat. 2. Conformingto acceptedstandards' becrush oerb To pressforcefully so as to break up into a pulpy mass' bed rwun The lowest or supportingpart or strucbure'

COURTESY. MODEL NOUN. BEAUTTFUL.

Syns: attractive, beauteous, bonny (Scot.), comely, fair, good-looking, g!1geous, handsome, lovely, pretty, pulchritudinous, ravishing, sightly. -Idiom easy on the eyes. CntCn oerb.

1. Syns; belle, doll (Slang), knockout (Stnng), looker (Slnng), lovely, stunner. -ldiom sight for sore eyes. 2. vrnrun. cu-v. oerb. covar oerb,

osscunn oerb. FILMY.

t. Syns: come, get, grow, turn (out), wax.

2. svrc oerb. 3. rr-nrrrn. 4. rrc aerb. 1. Syns; attractive, fattering. 2. connncr adiectiae. cnvsg oerb. BAsEIrmun,

bedamn

! )

)

bed aerb !. I. provide with often temporarylodging. 2. To go to bed. 3. To engagein sexualrelationswith. bedamn rserb . Io T" profaneor obscenelanguage. bedaub oerb To spreadwith a greasy,sticky,or dirty suhstance. Dedaze oerb To stun the senses,aswith a heavyblow, a shock, fatigue. bedaizle rserb To confuse with bright light. bedeck oerb To frrrnish with decorations. bedevil tserb 1. To trouble persistently from or as if from all sides. 2. To disturb by repeated attacks. bedim oerb To make dim or indistinct. bedfamite ad;iectiae Affiicted with or exhibiUng irrationality and mental unsoundness. bedog oerb k"gp (another) under surveillance by moving along fq behind. bedraggled adiectirse signs of wear and tear or neglect. ,_-lho*ittg Dee n(run . An impulsive, often illogical turn of mind. Dget nnun L. Informal. A circumstance regarded as a cause for protest or complaint. 2. Slang. An expression of dissatisfaction. beef oerb expressnegaUvefeelings, esp. of \Y"S.To dissatisfaction or resentment. beef up oerb To make or become greater or larger. _ _SPng, Deet Up oerb beetle rserb To incline downward or over. befalf oerb 1. To take place. 2. To take place by chance. 3. To happen to one.

befit uurb'

l. To be appropriate or suitable to. . ?, T3 be in keeping with. befitting adieciixe l. Conforming to accepted standards. 2. Suited to one's end br purpose. 3. suitable for a particular p6rson, condition, occasion, or place. befog oerb To make dim or indistinct. before adaerb l. At a time in the past. 2. Until then. beforehand adrserb l. Until then. 2. Before the expected time.

l. n.tnnon oerb. 2. nnrrnr. 3. rtr,n oerb. swnen oerb. suran oerb. ntzn oerb.

otzn oerb. ADORN.

l. snsrncn. 2. aNNoy. onscvnn uerb. INSANE.

FOLLOW.

SHABBY. FANCY NOUN.

1. cnrrvencB. 2. coupr-arNr. COMPLAIN.

tNcnnRse oerb. spn beef. tttNc oerb. 1. coMs. 2. ctttNcn 3. coun.

oerb.

svtr oerb. rrc oerb. 1. connrcr adiectiae. 2. coNrrrmrNr. 3. eppnopn ritrn adiectiae.

osscuaa Derb. EARLIER. EARLIER.

EANLIER. EARLy adoerb.

beguile

83 beforetime afuserb Rare. befoul 1. To 2. To 3. To

At a time in the Past. oerb make dirtY. make PhYsicallYimPure. cast asPersionson.

EARLIER.

1. omTr r:erb. 2. coNreuINATE. 3, sr,A.cKEw.

befuddle oerb To cause to be unclear in mind or intent. adiectioe befuddled Mentally uncertain.

CONFUSED.

befuddlement naun A stunned or bewildered condition. beg oerb l-. To ask or ask for as charity: beging for quarters on street cofitzrs' 2. To make an earnest or urgent request.

begats noun I. Stong.A group consisting of those descended directly from the same parents or ancestors' 2. Stang. A written record of ancestry. aerb beget To be the biological father of.

beggar rmun

l-.-Otte who begs habitually or for a living: begars an'd' derelicts arm'oYing Passers-bY.

2. An impoverished Person' 3. One who humblY entreats.

beggary rwun f-.-ffrl conditionof beinga beggar: forcedinto beggary after gears of unemPlogment. 2. The condition of being extremely poor' oerb begin 1-.To come into being: Charity begirx at horne' 2. To go about the initial step in doing (something)'

beginner noun As a dne whois just startingto learnor do something: beginner I plnyed scales.

beginning rwun

1-.The ict or process of bringing or being b-rought.into existence: assumed responsibility for the be$nning of the stnke. 2. The initial stage of a developmental process' beginning adiecthse 1. Indicating the start of something: the begin'ning stages of the negotiations 2. At ot tteat the siart of a period, development' or

series. 3. Of or treating the simplest aspects' aerb begird l-. To encircle with or as if with a band' 2. To shut in on all sides.

begrime oerb To makedirtY. begrudge aerb To feel envY for. oerb beguile To c^rrre to accept what is false, esp' by trickery or misrepresentation.

DAZE noun.

l. Syns; bum (Slang), cadge (Informal), mooch (Slang), panhandle (Slnng). 2. rppnu oerb. l. pnocpr.rv. 2. crNlrAlocv. rnr:rrnn oerb. 1. Syns; almsman, almswoman, bummerr (Slong), cadger (Informal), mendicant' moocher (Slang), panhandlet (Slang). 2. p,c.upnntwun. 3. suppr-Icext. 1. Syns; mendicancy, mendicitY. 2. povnnrv. 1. Syns; arise, commence' originate, start' 2. srtnr oerb. Syns: fledgling, freshman, initiate, innocent, tteophyte, novice, novitiate (oho noviciate ), rookie (Slang)' tenderfoot, tyro. 1. Syns; commencement, genesis, inauguration, inception, initiation,kickIfi (Informat)-, Iaunching, leadoff, opening, start. 2. nrnru rwu,n. 1. Syns: inceptive, initial, introductory. 2. Benr-v adiectioe. 3. rr-nunNrenY. l. r,ar{o\ oerb. 2. sunnouND. otnrv aerb. rlrwv oetb. DECEIVE.

beguiled beguiled utliectte A$ected with intense romantic attraction. b6guin noun French. An extravagant, shortlived romantic attachment. behave .aerb l. To conduct oneself in a specified way. 2. To react in a specified wiy. behavior noun 1. The manner in which one behav es:always on his best behaaior u;hen his in-lau:s are there.

84 INFATUATED. INFATUATION.

l. e,cr uerb. 2. l'cr oerb. 1. Syns; actions, comportment, conduct, demeanor, deportment, havings (Scof. ), havior (Regiornl), way. 2. Syns: functioning, operation, performance, reaction, working.

2. The^way in which a machine or other thing performs or functions: stutlying the behar:ior of matter at extremely low temperatures. behemoth noun One that is extraordinarily large and powerful. GIANT NOUN. behemothic adiectixe crANT adiectiue. . Of extraordinary size and power. behest noun An authoritative indication to be obeyed. COMMAND NO7IN, behind notu,n The part of one's back on which one rests in BOTTOM noun. sitting. behind adoerb l. Not on time, 1. lnrn adr:erb. 2. So as to fall behind schedule. 2. sr,ow adoerb. behindhand adiectioe 1. Not progressingand developing as fast as others, as l. eecxweno adiectioe. in economic and social aspectsl 2. Not being on time. 2. larn adiectioe. behindhand adoerb 1. Not on time. 1. rarn adoerb. 2. So as to fall behind schetlule. 2. sr,ow adaerb. behold oerb (images) by use of the eyes. SEE. To^,"ppr",rend ehOfden adiectioe something, as gratitude or appreciation, to another. OBLIGED. . 9-jE beholder noun Someonewho observes. WATCHER. behoove cerb To be appropriate or suitable to. , SUlf u-erb. Defng noun 1. The fact or state.of existing. l. nxrsrnxcE. 2. The state or fact of havingleahty. 2. acruar,rry. 3. The condition of being inJull force or operation. 3. nrrncr rroun. 4. A member of the human race. 4. HuuaN BErNc. 5. One that exists independently. 5. rnrNc. 6. A basic trait or set o] traits tirat define and estabrish 6. nssrucn. the character of something. belabor oerb . Jo hit heavily and repeatedly. ennr aerb. befated adiectiae Not being on time. r;irn adiectiae. belatedness noun quality or condition of not being on tirne. LATENESS. .^Jl: belay tserb l. Naut. To prevent the occurrence or continuation of t. srop oerb. a movement, action, or operation. 2. Rare. To come to a cessaLon. 2. srop oerb. befch oerb To send forth (confined matter) violently. ERUPT.

belligerency

85 noun beldam also beldame An ugly, frightening old woman. noun beldame aerb beleaguer 1. To surround with hostile troops. 2. To trouble persistently from or as if from all sides. 3. To disturb by rePeated attacks. bef ie aerb 1. To give an inaccurate view of by representing falsely or misleadingly. 2. To prove or show to be false. noun belief 1. Mental acceptance of the truth or actuality of something: What she tells gan is not uorthy of belief. 2. Something believed or accepted as true by a person: It is her delief that the end iustifies the means. 3. Absolute certainty in the trustworthiness of another' adiectioe bef ievable Worthy of being believed: a cornqbtely belier>able account of the bigest hunicarw in years' oerb believe 1. To regard (something) as true or real: I dnn't belietse a uord he saus. 2. To have confrdence in the truthfulness of: Do you belieoe her? 3. To have an opinion: He belieoes that iogg'ng is good for the health' 4. To view in a certain waY.

belittle uerb

To think, represent, or speak of as small or unimportan{: betinbd the accornplishments of his maior political apPonent.

belittlement nuun

The act or an instance of belittling: abelittlement of his sister's accomqlish;rnents. belittf ing adiectioe Tending or intending to belittle' r10un belle A woman regarded as beautiful. beff icose adiectioe 1. Having or showing an eagernessto fight' 2. Of, pett"ittittg to, or inclined toward war'

bellicositY noun

1. Warlike or hostile attitude or nature' 2. The power or will to fight. belligerence twun l. foarlike or hostileattitude or nature: greetedmy xrggesttonwith reaI belligeterwe' 2. Hostile behavior. 3. The power or will to fight. belligerencY rwun 1. Warlike or hostileattitude or nature' 2. Hostile behavior. 3. The power or will to fight, 4. A stateof open,prolongedfiglrdng'

HJi:,ffii: 1. snsmcn. 2. srsmcn. 3. eNNov. 1. orsronr. 2. nnpurr. 1. Syns; credence, credit, faith.

2- Syns: conviction, feeling idea, mind, notion, opinion, persuasion, position, sentiment, view. 3. coNrrnpr.rcr. Syns: colorable, credible, creditable, plausible. !. Syns: accept, buY (Slang), go for (Slnng), swallow (Slnng). 2. Synsi credit, trust. -/diom'take at one's word. 3, Syns: consider, deem, figtrr" (lnfonnal), hold, opine, think. -Idimn be of the oPinion. 4. rnm oerb. Syns: decry, depreciate, derogate, detract (from), discount, disparage, downgrade, knock (Slory), minimize, run down (lnfonnnl), falk dowtt. -Idiom make light (or little) of. Syns; depreciation, derogation, detraction, disparagement. DISPARAGING. BEAUTY. 1. nsLLrcrRENT.

2. urr.rrenv. 1. snLLrcnRENcE. 2. r'rcnr rtoun. L. Syns: bellicositY, belligerencY, combativeness, contentiousness, hostility, pugnacity, truculence (a/so truculencY). 2. eccnrssroN. 3. rlcnr rmun. 1. 2. 3. 4.

srLLrcPRENcE. eccnnssron. ncnr rwu'n. cor.rrr,rcr rwarn.

belligerent

86

belf igerenl adiectioe 1. or showing an eagernessto fight: o Itqying belligerent, Ioose-tongue[ drunkard. "

l. Syns; bellicose, combative, contentious, hostile, pugnacious, quarrelsome, scrappy (Informnl), truculent, warlike. 2. ,q.ccntssrvp. 3. Syns; combatant, fighting, warring. -ldiom at war.

2. Inclined to act in a hostile way. 3. Of or engaged in warfare: a belligerent rwtion.

)

)

beflow oerb l. To speak or say very loudly. 2. To say (something) with a shout. bellow noun - A- loud, deep, prolonged sound. belly oerb To curve outward past the normal or usual limit. bellyache oerb expressnegative feelings, esp. of 1k"S.To dissatisfaction or resentment. belfyacher rwun person who habitually complains or grumbles. _^ll::q.A DelOng oerb l. To ft" prope$/ of a person or thing: The F," necklace once belonged to her grandmither. 2. To have a proper oi suitabre plu"", The crean shirts belong in the bureau. befongings noun 1. Those articles that belong to someone: lost all her persorwl belongings in thb fire. . 2. One's portablJproperty. beloved nDun A person who is much loved. befoved adiectirse 1.. Regarded with much love and tenderness. 2. Given special, usu, doting treatment. . beft rwun l. A part of the earth's surface. l. ll_ang A sudden sharp, powerful stroke. !. .Slang.An act of drinking or the amount swallowed. belt oerb 1. To encircle with or as if with a band. 2. Slang. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenly and sharply. 'aerb bemask' To change or modify_so as to prevent recognition of the true identity or charact", of. " bemean oerb To.deprive-of esteem, self-worth, or effectiveness. . Oemlfe aerh To soil with mud. bemired adiectioe Covered or soiled with mud. bemud aerb Archaic. To soil with mud. bemuse aerb To stun the senses,as with a heavy blow, a shock, or fatigue. bemused adiectioe So lost in thought as to be unaware of one's surroundings. benchma rk rnun by which individuals are compared and l p"Tr judged.

l . notn terb. aerb.

2 . ssovr

ROLRnoun. surcn Derb. COMPLAIN.

GROUCHnoun. 1,. Syns; appertain,

pertain.

2. Syns:fit, go. 1. Syns; effects, goods, possessions, stufi (Informal), things. 2. nrrrcrs. DANLING

NOUN.

1. oenr-rNcadiectioe. 2. revonrrn adiectioe. 1. enra. 2. nr,ow2. 3. onrNx noun. l. nexo'aerb. 2. src oerb.

orscursn oerb.

tl

lnrn uerb.

l.zuooy aerb. MUDDvadiectioe. uuooy oerb. otzB aerb.

ABSENT-MINDED.

STANDARD rU)UN.

benevolence

87 bend aerb 1. To swerve from a straight line: a highuay that bends to the left. 2. To cause to move, esp. at an angle: The pri'sm bent the enwrging light tays. 3, To influence or be infuenced in a certain direction. 4. To devote (oneself or one's efforts). 5. To be unable to hold up a bridge that bent un'der the weight of the train. 6. To incline the body. 7. To make willing or recePtive. bend noun Something bent: the car rounding the bend.

bender rwun Slang.A drinking bot:dcwent on a week'sbend,er. bending adiectiae Havingbends,curves,or angles. benediction naun A short prayer saidat meals. benefact oerb To give supportor assistance. benefaction rwun 1. A charitabledeed. 2. Somethinggiven to a charity or cause. benefactol rwun 1. A personwho givesto a charity or cause. 2. A personwho supportsor championsan activity, institution,etc. benefic adiectioe Afiording benefit. beneficence noun 1. Kindly, charitableinterestin others. 2. A charitabledeed. 3. Somethinggiven to a charity or cause. beneficent adiectioe Afiording benefit. beneficial adiectioe Afiording benefit: a beneficialclimate.

benefit oerb 1. To derive advantage:benefitedfrom the stocksplit. 2. To be an advantageto. benefit rwun 1. A stateof health,happiness,and prospering' 2. The quality of beingzuitableor adaptableto an end' 3. Somethingbeneficial. 4. Somethin[that contributesto or increasesone's well-being. 5. Archaic.A kindlY act. benevolence nouti l. Kindly, charitableinterestin others:ruledhis xrbie'ctswith beneoolence. 2. A charitabledeed: uas gratefulfor their firwncinl beneool.errce.

l. Syns; bow, crook, curve, round. 2. Syns: angle, deflect, refract, turn. 3. orsposn. 4. appr-v. 5. Syns; break, cave in (lnfornnl), collapse, crumple, fold (Informal), grve, go. -ldiom give way. 6. sroop. 7. orsposr. Syns: bow, crook, curvation, curvature, curve, round, hrn. Syns; batt (Slang), binge (Slang), booze, brannigan (Sl,ang),carousal, carouse, compotation, drunk, tearr (Slnng). CROOKED. GRACE NOUN. :e{F,tpterb. 1. nnNrnvoLENcE. 2. ooNerrow. 1. ooNon. 2. pernoN.

BENEFICIAL. 1. eBNevoLENcE. 2. snNnvoLENcE. 3. oouarroN. BENEFICIAL.

Syns: advantageous, aidful (Archaic), benefic, beneficent, benignant, favorable, good, helpful, propiUous, salutary, toward (Rare), useful. 1. Syns: advantage, capitalize (on), profit. 2. pnorn oerb. 1. 2. 3, 4,

wnr-renr. use twun. eovevrecr' rwun. rrvrnnrsr noun.

5. revon no'un. l. Syns: altruism, beneficence, benevolentness, benignancY, charitableness, charitY, good will, grace, kindliness, kindness. 2. Syns: benefaction, beneficence, benignity (Archaic), favor, kindness, oblation, office(s), PhilarrthroPY.

benevolent

88

benevolent' adiectioe 1. Characterized by kindness and concern for others: a beneoolnnt ruIer.

2. Of or concerned with charity: a benersolentfund.

! )

benevolentness nuun Kindly, charitable interest in others. benighted adiectite 1. Clinging to obsolete ideas. 2., lack of education or knowtedge. . !."lttbiUng benightedness rr.oun The condition of being ignorant; lack of knowledge or learning. benign adiectir:e 1. Characterized by kindness and concern for others. 2. Having or showing a tender, considerate, and helping nature. 3. Indicative of future success.

benignancy nmun )

Kindly, charitable interest in others. benignanl adiectir;e 1. Affording benefit. 2. Characterized by kindness and concern for otlers. 3, |Ilving or showing a tender, considerate, and helping nature.

1. Syns; benign, benignant, big, chivalrous, good, humane, humanitarian, kind, kindhearted, kindly. 2. Syns: altruistic, charitable, eleemosynary, philanthropic (aho philanthropical). BENEVOLENCE. 1. uNpnocnEssrvE. 2. IcNoner.m. IGNORANCE.

1. srNpvor.nxt. 2. xrNol. 3. revoneslr. BENEVOLENCE.

1. snNsrrchr-. 2. snNrvor,nNt. 3. xrnol.

benignity noun Archaic. A charitable deed. bent adiectiae 1. Deviating from a straight line: a bent tree limb. 2. On an unwavering course of action. bent rrnun 1. An inclination to something: a strongbent tou;ard consensatism.

- 2. An innate capability. benumb oerb 1. To render less sensitive. 2. To stun the senses,as with a heavy blow, a shock, or faUgue. 3. To render helpless, as by emotion. benumbed adiectioe physical feeling or sensitivity. 1. !*Iirg - 2. Lacking responsivenesstr alertness. bequeath oerb l. To convey (something) from one generation to the next. 2. Law. To give (property) to another person after one's death. berate oerb To reprimand loudly or harshly. bereave aerb To_take or keep something away from. . berth noun l. A particular position in a designatedorder of importance 2. Steady or regular employment.

BENEVOLENCE.

1,. Syns; arced, arched, arciform, arrondi (Frerch), bowed, curved, curvilinear. rounded. 2. snrr adiectioe. l. Syns;-bias, disposition, leaning, partiality, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, proneness, ^ propensity, squint, tendency, turn. 2. relrrvr. l. onaonN. 2. orzn aerb. 3. penalyzp. 1. oneo adiectiae. 2. ourr adiectiae. 1. naNo DowN at hand. 2. rE.\vn\.

BAwL our at bawl. DEPRIVE.

1. pr-ace twun. 2. pn.

best

89 3. A post of employment. berth aerb To provide wi$ often temporary lodging. oerb beseech To make an earnest or urgent request' nou,n beseechmertt An earnest or urgent request. oerb beseem Archaic. To be appropriate or suitable to. oerb beset 1. To shut in on all sides. 2. To surround with hostile troops. 3. To set upon with violent force. 4. To trouble persistently from or as if from all sides. 5. To dishrb by repeated attacks. noun besetmenl Something that annoys. adrserb besides In addition. oerb besiege 1. To surround with hostile troops: besiege a fortress. 2. To shut in on all sides. 3. To trouble persistently from or as if from all sides: was besieged with cornPlaints. noun besiegement A prolonged surrounding of an objective by hostile troops. oerb besmear 1. To spread with a greasy, sticky, or dirty substance. 2. To cast aspersionson. oerb besmirch To cast aspersionson. uerb besoil To make dirty. adiectioe besotted Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. oerb bespatter 1. To hurl or scatter liquid upon. 2. To mark or soil with sPots. on. 3. To cast asPersions oer-tt bespeak 1. To give grounds for believing in the existence or presence of. 2. To claim in advance. 3. Archaic. To talk to (an audience) formally.

3. posrtror.l noun. u^erb.

rltnnOn

l.ppn.xr oerb. APPEAL

NOUN.

svrc aerb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

sunnouNo. ensrncn. nrrncx aerb. ensrBcs. aNNov.

ANNOYANCE. ADDITIONALLY.

l. Syns; beleaguer, beset, blockade, invest (Mil.), siege, 2. sunnouuo. 3. Syns; badger, bedevil, beleaguer, beset, harass,harry, hound, importune, pester, plague, STEGE NOUN,

L. sv,nnn aerb. 2. sLacKElI. BLACKEN. otnrv

oerb.

DRUNK adiectixe. 1. spr-esn. 2. spor oerb. 3. er,ecxnN. 1. nvotcerr. 2. noox oerb. 3. aoonrss oerb.

bespeckle wrb To mark with manY small sPots. aerb besprinkle To scatter or releasein drops or small particles. adiectiae best 1, Surpassingall others in quality: the best diamontls aoailable. 2. Much more than half: The best part of the week is gone. best noun That which is superlative: chose onlg the best am'ong man7 paintings.

SPECKLE.

SPRINKLE.

1. Syns; bettermost (Chiefly Regional), optimal, optimum, superb, superlative, unsurpassed. 2. Syns: betterl, bettermost (Chiefly Regional), greater, larger, largest. Syns; choice, cream, crdme de la creme (French), elite (also elite), flower, pick, prize, top. -ldioms cream of the croP, ho*". oi th" flock, pick of the bunch, top cream.

bestain

I )

)

best aerb l. To get the better of. 2. To win a victory over, as-in battle or a competition. 3. To be greateror better than. bestain oerb To soil with foreign matter. bestial adiectiae or a dispositionto be violently fhowing. suggesUng destructivewithout scruple-orrestraint. bestialize oerb . To ruin utterly in characteror quality. bestow oerb' 1. To give formally or officially. r 2. To makea gift of. 1. To presentL " gft to a charityor cause. 4. Archaic.To provide with often temporarylodging. bestowal noun The act of conferring,asof an honor. bestride oerb To sit with a leg on eachsideof. bet aerb 1. To make a bet on: We bet on the usinner. ?. y put up as a stakein a gameor speculation. bet rwun l. Something valuableriskedon an uncertainoutcome; My bet on the raceis gS0. 2. A venturedependingon chance. b6te noire noun French.An obiect of extremedislike. b e think oer b. lg.renew (an imageor thought)in the mind. Detl0e oerb l. To takeplace. 2. To happen to one. -a&;erb betimes 1. Beforethe expectedtime. 2, At Umes. betoken aerb 1. To give groundsfor believingin the existenceor presenceof. for expecting. , ?.To give_reason betray oerb l. To be treacherous to: betrayedhiscomrades. 2. To disclosein a breachof confidence:betrayed,my secret.

3. To victimize (someone)by underhandedness. 4. To causeto acceptwhat is false,esp.by trickery or misrepresentation. betrayal noun An act of betrafng: sufferedbetrayal to the Cestapo. betrayer nnun One who betrays:a treacherun betragerhanged,by his cotwades. betrayment noun An act of betraying.

l. rnrunrpn oerb. 2. nnrntr oerb. 3. sunpess. srttN oerb. FIENCE.

connupt aerb. l. 2. 3. 4.

coNrnn. cwn oerb. ooNarn. :g^tnr,onDerb.

CONFERMENT. STRIDE.

l. Syns; gamble, game, layr, lay down, p!ay, post, put, stake, *ager. -Idiorn take a flyer. 2. celue.LnDerb. l. Syns; ante (Slang), pot (Card Carnes), stake, wager. 2. ce-t,rsr.nnoun. H.ATE |WUN. REMEMBER, l.

couB.

2. conrn. EARLYadoerb. Now adoerb.

1 . INDICATE.

2 . pnovlsr

oerb.

t.

Syns; cross (up), double-cross (S/ang), rat (on) (Slang), sell out (Slnng). 2 . Syns; blab, discover (Archaic), divulge, expose, give away, let out, reveal, spill (Infonnnl), tell, uncover, unveil. -Idiorw let slip, let the cat out of the bag, spill tJle beans, tell all.

3. DECEIVE. 4. DECEIVE.

Syns: be^trayment,double-cross (S/ang ), sellout (Slang), treachery. -Idiorn Jr"d", kiss. Syns: double-crosser (Slang), ]udas, rat (Slang), traitor. BETRAYAL.

bias

91 betrothal noun The act or condition of being pledgedto marry. betrothed adiectiae Pledgedto marry. betrothed rwun A personto whom one is engagedto be married. betrbthment nutn The act or condition of being pledgedto marry. betterr adiectioe f . Of greaterexcellencethan another: This book is better than that on'e. 2. Much more than half. better oerb 1. To advanceto a more desirablestate. 2.To be greateror better than. better rwu,n 1. A dominatingposition,as in a conflict. 2. One who standsaboveanotherin rank. better adnerb To a geater extent: u:erebettersuitedfor the iob than the others. better2 naun betterment nou,n l. Somethingthat imProves. 2. Steadyimprovement,asof an individual or a society' bettermost adiectioe all othersin quality' L. Chiefly Reginrwl.Surpassing 2. Chi;fl, Reftonal. Much more than half. bettor also better rwun One who bets: throngsof bettorsat the race. bevel adiectioe Angled at a slant. bevefed adiectioe Angled at a slant. bever nnun Chiefl,yRegional.A light meal. beverage naun Any liquid that is fit for drinking. bevy twun A usu.small number of individuals. beware aerb To be careful. bewilder oerb To causeto be unclearin mind or intent. bewifdered adiectioe Mentally uncertain. bewitch oerb l. To act upon with or as if with magrc. 2. To pleasegeatly or irresistibly. bewitched adiectioe Affected with intenseromantic attraction. bewitching adiectioe l. Pleasingto the eye or mind. 2. Tendingto seduce. 3. Pertainingto magic. bias rroun 1. An inclination for or againstthat inhibits im,p-artial judgment:a d'ecisionlifluenced by persornl bin"s' 2. An inclinationto something. bias oerb 1. To causeto have a prejudicedview: His past

ENGAGEMENT. ENGAGED. INTENDED NOUN. ENCAGEMENT.

1. Syns; preferable, superior. 2. rnsr adiectioe. 1.. mpnovn. 2. sunpess. l. aovexracg noun. 2. supnnrot noun. Syn.'more. snn bettor. 1. nupnovnMENT. 2. pnocnrss noun. 1. nnsr adiectioe. 2. srst adiectioe. Syns; gambler, gamester, PlaYer, speculator. ws

adiectioe.

u*

adiectioe.

BITE nOUn. DRINK NAUN.

GROUP |MUN. LOOK OUT. CONFUSE. CONFUSED.

l. cntnv. oerb. 2. c:e.r,nuaerb. INFATUATED.

1. errnacnw. 2. snnucrrvn. 3. wrrcmNc ad'iectioe. 1. Syns; one-sidedness,PartialitY, prejudice, prepossession,tendentiousness. 2. srNT rtuu'n. 1. SYns; color, jaundice, Prejudice,

biased

! )

)

expenenceshaae biased his outlook. 2. To influence or be influenced in a certain direction. 3. To direct (material) to the interests of a particular group: a mngazine ine binsed tou:ard tousard rconsercatioes. 4. To have an effect or impact upon. bias adiectiae Angled at a slant: a bins fold.

biased alsobiassed adiectiae l. Exhibitingbias: a biasedremarkin faoor of the tax. 2. Aneled at a slant. biassed- adiectitse bibelot noun A small, showv article. bibufous adiictioe - Having a capacity or tendency to absorb or soak up. bicker aerbTo engagein a quarrel. bid u*bl. To request that someonetake part in or be present at a particular occasion. 2. To make an offer of. 3. To give orders to. bid noun 1. A spoken or written request for someone to take part or be present. 2. Something offered. biddable aiiectioe Willing to carry out the wishes of others. biddie noun bidding noun An authoritative indication to be obeyed. biddy also biddie noun A-n ugly, frightening old woman. . .S.lnng. DfOe oerb 1. To continue to be in a place. 2. To have as one's domicile, ,rsu. for an extended period. 3. To stop temporarily and remain, as if reluctant to leave. biff nou,n Slyg A sudden sha1p,powerful stroke. biff oerb S_Iang,To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenly and sharply. biforrir odiectioe Composed of two parts or things. bifurcate oerb To separate into branches or branchlike parts. big adiectioe 1. Notably above average in amount, size, or scope: a big inheritance. reached fuIl growth and development. !. $aving 3. Having great significance. 4. Characterized by kindness and concern for others. to give of oneself and one's possessions. !. Yiltt"S 5. Full to the point of flowing ou"r, nyi, big u:ith tears.

prepossess,warp. 2. orsposn. 3. Syns; angle, skew, slant. 4. rxrruaNcn oerb. Syns: bevel, beveled, biased (ako biassed), diagonal, oblique, slanted, slanUng. 1. Syns: colored, one-sided,partial, partisan, prejudiced, prejudicial, prepossessed,tendentious. 2. sras adiectiae. snn biased. NOVELTY. ABSORBENT.

1. 2. co oerb. 3. couueNo aerb. 1. rNvrratrox. 2. orrnn noun. OBEDIENT.

sm biddy. COMMAND

rIAUN.

WITCH NOUN. REMAIN. LIvEr.

3 . pl.usn

aerb.

BLow2. r:.tr oerb.

DouBLE adiectiae. enaNcH trerb.

1.. Syns; considerable, extensive,good, gr9at, healthy, large, large-scale, sizable (ako sizeable), tidy (Informat). 2. naa'runr adiectirse. 3. ruponraxr. 4. snNrvoLENT. 5. cpNnnous. 5. Syns; awash, brimful, brimming, overflowing.

billet

93 big nnan An important, influenUal person.

DICNITARY.

Big Brother noun An absolute ruler, esp. one who is harsh and oppressive. adiectiae biggish Somewhat big. n{nrn bighead Infonnnl. An exaggerated belief in one's own importance.

DICTATOR.

SIZ.TBLE. EGOTTSM.

bigheadedness nou,n lnformal. An exaggerated belief in one's own importance. adiectioe big-hearted Willing to give of oneself and one's possessions.

ECOTISM,

GENEROUS.

big-heartednessnuun The quality or state of being generous. nnun bight A body of water partly enclosed by land but having a wide outlet to the sea. adiectirse big-feague Being among the leaders of a particular class: a bigleague publisher.

GENEROSITY. ga.Yl.

Syns: big-time (Slang), blue-chip, heavyweight (lnfornwl ), major, majorleague.

bigness rwun The quality or state of being large in amount, extent, or importance. adiectioe bigoted Not tolerant of the beliefs, opinions, etc., of others.

SIZE.

INTOLERANT.

bigotry rwun Irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion. noun big shot Slang. An important, influential person. adiectioe big-time Slang. B",ttg among the leaders of a particular class. nutn big-timer Slang. An important, influential person. nnun big wheel Slnng. An important, influential person. nou,n bigwig lnforrnal. An important, influential person. naun bilge Something that does not have or make sense. bilk oerb Slang. To get money or something else from by deceitful trickery. oerb bilF To present a statement of fees or charges to: Bill me next manth. bill rwun 1. A precise list of fees or charges. 2. A printed list of the order of events and other peitinent information for a public performance. bill2 nnun l. The horny projection forming a bird's iaws: The pelican has a large biIL 2. The projecting rim on the front of a cap: The bill shades nxA eAes. oerb billet To provide with often temporary lodging. billet n{xtn 1. A particular position in a designated order of importance. 2. A post of emPloYment.

PREJUDTCE nOUn.

DIGNITARY. BIG-LEAGUE. DICNITARY. DIGNITARY. DIGNITARY. NONSENSE.

crrntr oerb.

Syn.'invoice.

1. eccourvr rwun. 2. pnocneu.

L. Syn: beak. 2. Syns: brim, peak, visor.

Henson oerb. 1. pr.ecn twun. 2. posrrrox rwun.

billingsgate

94

billingsgate noun

)

)

)

Harsh, often insulting language. binary adiectiae Composed of two parts or things. .. DlnO aerb l. To be morally bound to do. 2. To apply therapeuUc materials to (a wound). 3. To unite or be united in a relationship. 4. To make fast or firmly fixed by means of a cord, rope, etc. bind twun - -Informal. A difficult, embarrassing situation. binri nf,)un A young stemlike growth arising from a plant. .. binge nou,n l. A period of uncontrolled self-indulgence: a shopping binge. - -2. Slang. A drinking bout. bird ,nln . .Sla.ng..Anyderisive sound of disapproval. birdbrained adiectir;e Slnng. Given to lighthearted silliness. bird-dog oerb kegp (another) under surveillance by moving along .1'obehind. birth rwtm 1. The act or pro_cessof bringing forth young: uitnessed the birth of my son.

2. The initial stage of a developmental proc ess:the binh of Christianity.

3. One's ancestors or their character. birth oerb . .ChinflV Regional. To give birth to.

VITUPERATION. DoUBLEadiectioe. 1,.covvrr. 2. onnss oerb. 3. assoclarn oerb. 4. nn oerb.

PREDICAMENT.

sHooT noun. 1. Sy_ns;blowoff (Informal), fling, jag (Slang), org/, rampage, spree. 2. srxnBn. }JTSS NOUN. GIDDY.

FOLLOw'.

L. Syns: accouchement (Frerwh), birthing (Chiefly Regiorutl), childbearing, childbirth, delivery, labor, lying-in, parturition, travail. 2. Syns: beginning, commencement, dawn, dawning, genesis, inception, nascence(rzlsonascency), onset, _ opening, origin, outset, spring, start. 3. aNcrsrny.

birthing ,iun

Chiefly Regional. The act or process of bringing forth young.

BIRTH TWUN.

biithriEht noun l. A privilege granted a person by virhre of btrih: Free speech is the birthright of Americans. 2. Any special privilege accorded a firstborn: ?he estate was the eldest son's birthright. bistered adiectioe Of a complexion tending toward brown or black. bitr noun 1. A tiny amount: doesn't make a bit of differeru:e.

2. A small portion of food: a bit of cheese. 3. A rather short period: uaited for a bit. 4. Infomwl. A_particular kind of activity: d,id the intellectual bit. bit2 oerb To control, restrict, or arrest.

l. Syns: appanage (a/so apanage), droit, ^ perquisite, prerogative, right. 2. Syns: heritage, inheritance, legacy, patrimony. oenr adiectioe. 1. Syns; crumb, dab, dash, doit, dram, drop, fragment, grain, hoot, iota, iot, minim, mite, modicum, molecule, ort, ounce, particle, scrapl, scruple, shred, smidgen (Informal), smitch (Infonrutl), snap, speck, spot (Chiefly Brit. Informal), tittle, whit. 2. Syns: bite, crumb, morsel, mouthful, piece. 3. Syns; space, spell3,stretch, time, while. 4. Syn: routine. -Idiom song and dance.

RESTRAIN.

black

95 oerb bitch Slnng. To express negative feelings, esp. of dissatisfaction or resentment. adiectioe bitchy Stang. Characterized by intense ill will or spite. oerb bite 1. To seize, as food, with the teeth: The dngbit into the meat. 2. To consume gradually, as by chemical reaction, friction, etc.: acid biting into the sihser. 3. To feel or cause to feel a sensaUonof heat or discomfort. bite noun 1. A small portion of food. 2. Infonnal. e Ugnt meal: lws a bite before bed eaery night. 3. A cutting quahty. ad:iectioe biting 1. So sharp as to cause mental pain: bitinguiticisrn.

2. Having or suggestingkeen, discerning intellect. adiectioe bitter 1. Having a noticeably sharp, pungent taste or smell: c bitter uine. 2. Causing sharp, often prolonged discomfort: the biner climate of the Sahara' 3. Very cold. 4. Difficult to accept: the bitter truth. 5. Bitingly hostile. bitter oerb To make or become bitter.

bitterness naun

The quality or state of feeling bitter. adiectioe bizarre 1. Deviating from the customarY' 2. Conceived ot done with no reference to reality or common sense. 3. Resembling a freak. bfab oerb 1. To disclose in a breach of confidence' 2. To engage in or sPread gossiP. blab rwun Incessant and usu. inconsequential talk. oerb blabber To talk volubly, persistently, and usu. inconsequentiallY' blabber noun Incessant and usu. inconsequential talk. adiectitse blabby Inclined to gossip. adiectiae black l. Of the darkest achromatic visual value: a black hat'

2. Having no light: a black caae. 3. Covered or stained with or as if with dirt or other impurities.

COMPLAIN.

MALEVOLENT.

1. Syns: champ (also chomp), gnash, gnaw' 2, Syns: corrode, eat, erode, Bnow, wear, wear away. 3. srrNc oerb.

1..strr. 2. Syns; bever (Chiefly Re$onnl), morsel, snack, snap (Chiefly Brit. Regiorul). 3. L. Syns: acerb, acerbic, acid, acidic, acrid, caustic, cutting, incisive, mordacious, mordant, penetrating, pungent, scathing, slashing, stinging, truculent, vitriolic, vituperative' 2. rNcrsrvE,. l. Syns; acerb, acerbic, acrid, amaroidal, astringent, austere (Archaic), harsh, sour. 2. Syns: brutal, hard, harsh, rough, rugged, severe. 3. r'nrcro. 4. Syns: affiictive, distasteful, grievous, indigestible, painful, unpalatable' 5. nrsBr.mpur-. EMBITTER. RESENTMENT.

L. nccnwrnrc adiecthse. 2. raNrasrtc. 3. r'nnansH. 1. snrnev. 2. cossrc aerb. CHATTER

NOUN,

cwllrrr,n oerb.

CHATTER

NOUN.

GOSSIPY.

1. Syns: atramentous,ebon (Poetic), ebony, inky, jetl, jet-black, jetty, onyx, pitch-black, pitchy, sable, sooty.2.3yns: caliginbus (Rare), dark, inky, pitch-dark. 3. ornrv adiectixe.

black-a-vised

I

4. Characterizedby intenseill will or spite. 5. Dark and depressing. 6. Morally objectionable. black aerb l. To make dirtv. 2. To make or receivea bruiseor bruiseson. black-a-vised adiectioe tendingtoward brown or black. - -Of-a complexion bfackball oerb 1. To excludefrom normal socialor professional activities: wspected troubl.emakersbla*ball"ed frorn iobs. , .2. lo prevent or forbid authoritatively. blacken oerb l. To makedirty. 2. To castaspersions on: blnckmeil the goodnnmeof a great statesman.

) black eye rwrn l. A bruisesurroundingthe eye: got a blnck eye in the

)

fisht.

2. A mark of discreditor disgrace. bfack-hearted adiectine Characterizedby intenseill will or spite. bfackish adiectine Somewhatblack: blackishclwds. bfackjack oerb To compel - by pressureor threats. blacklist oerb' To excludefrom normal socialor professionalactivities. blackout naun bfack out oerb 1. To nrffer temporarylossof consciousness: blncleed, out frorn lack of ox1gen. ?: T9 keep from being publishedor transmitted. bfackout noun sufferedblnckoutsat 14.tgmporarylossof consciousness: hieh altitudes. bfade nnun The cutting part of a sham instrument. blamable alio blameable' adiectioe Deservingblame. bfame oirb 1. To find fault with: no one to blame but myself.

2. To ascribe(a misdeed,error, etc.) to. bfame rwtrn 1. Responsibitityfor an error or crime: The blame for the cooer-upis mine. 2. A finding fa:uJit: said,rcthing to thent in the u)ay of blame. bfameable adiectioe blamed adiectioe _ _So annoyingor detestableas to deservecondemnation. blameful adiectioe Deservingblame. bfamefesi adiectioe l. Free from guiltor blame.

96 4. rraar,BvoLENT. 5. cr-dorvry.

5. rvn adiectioe. l. onrv oerb. 2. r;nulsn Derb. nl.nx adiectine. 1. Syns; blacklist, boycott, ostracize, shut out. 2. vnro oerb. L. onrr' oerb. 2. Syns: befoul, besmear, besmirch, bespatter, denigate, dirty, smear, smudge, smut, soil, stain, sully, tain! tarnish. -ldioms give a black eye to, throw mud on. 1. Syns: mouse (Slang), shiner (Slang). -Idiorn eye in mourning. ^ 2. sreuv rmun. MALEVOLENT.

Syns; dark, dusky. coEncE. BLACKBALL.

srn black out. l. Syns;faint, keel over, passout (Infornwl), swoon. 2. cngson. Syns:faint, swoon,syncope(path.). -Idiryn dead faint. EDCE fwruN, BI.AMEWORTHY. l. Syns; censure, condemn, criticize, cut denounce, denunciate, ry $nfornwl),

fault,_pan Qnfornnl), rapr (Stang), reprehend, reprobate 2. rw oerb. l. Syns; culpability, fault, guilt, onts. 2. Syns: censure, condemnation, criticism, denunciation, reprehension, reprobation. sBr blamable. DAMNED. BLAMEvyONTIIY.

l. rrwocBryr ad:iectioe.

blast

97 2. Beyond reproach. adiectioe bfameworthy Deserving blame: behaaior that usasblametoorthy if not crirnirwl. aerb bfanch also blench To lose normal coloration; turn pale. adiectiae blanched Lacking color. ad;iectiae bfand 1. Free from severity or violence, as in movement. 2. Lacking the qualities requisite for spiritedness and originality. 3. Without definite or distinctive characteristics. 4. Efiortlessly gracious and tactful in social manner' oerb bfandish 1. To persuade or try to persuade by gentle, persistent ursng or flattery. 2. To compliment excessivelyand ingatiatingly. noun bfandishment Excessive, ingatiating praise. rloun bfandness The state or quality of being insipid. adiectioe blank Lacking expression. oerb bfanket To extend over the surface of. adiectirse bfankety-blank lnformal. So annoying or detestable as to deserve condemnation.

2. nxrupr,env. Syns: blamable (a/so blameable), blameful, censurable, culpable, guilty, reprehensible. -Idiom at fault. pN,r aerb. vtrn adiectirse. 1. cnNrr,n adiectioe. 2. rNsrpro. 3. wnurner-. 4. suevr. 1. coex. 2. nr-arrrn. FLATTERY,

INSIPIDITY.

EXPRESSIONLESS.

covnn aerb. DAMNED.

blankness noun l. Total lack of ideas, meaning, or substance. 2. A desolate senseof loss. oorb blare 1. To be projected with blinding intensity. 2. To have or produce a blatantly startling effect. blare noun An intense, blinding light. adiectioe bf aring Marked by extremely high volume and intensity of sotrnd.

1. nuprrwrss. 2. nuprrNnss. t. s,tnn oerb. 2. scnq*t oerb. GLARE

NOUN,

rouo adiecth:e.

blarney naun Excessive, ingatiating Praise.

FLATTERY.

bfaspheme aerb

To use profane or obscene language. ad;iectiae blasphemous Showing irreverence and contempt for something sacred. noun bfasphemy 1. A profane or obscene term. 2. An act of disrespect or impiety toward something regarded as sacred.

blast rwun 1. A violent release of confined enersr, usu. accompanied by a loud sound and shock waves: o bomb blast. 2. An earsplitting, explosive noise: the blast of iet afterbumers. 3. lnfonnal. A big, exuberant party: a pregradaation blast. blast oerb l. To release or cause to release energy suddenly and violently, esP. with a loud noise'

sween oerb. SACRILEGIOUS.

1. swEA.niwun. 2. secnrr-ncB.

1. Syns; blowout, blowup, burst, detonation, explosion, fulmination. 2. Syns: bang, boom, burst, roar, thunder. 3. Syns; bash (Slang), blowout (Slang), celebration, shindig (Slnng). 1. expr-oon.

blasted 2. To make an earsplitting, explosive noise: let fighters , blasted off the runwaA. 3. To spoil or destroy: dur hopes haoe been blnsted. +. S,IrytS.Torender totally ineffective by decisive defeat. bfasted adiectioe Slang. So annofng or detestable as to deserve condemnation. bfatant adiectioe l. Characterized by or done without shame. 2. Offensively loud and insistent. blather oerb rapidly, incoherently, or indistinctly. I: !"tt bfather rwu,n, 1. Unintelligible or foolish talk. 2. Something - that does not have or male $ense.

bfatherskile noun Unintelligible or foolishtalk. blazer oirb

1. To undergocombustion. 2. To emit a bright light. with blinding intensity. 9. fo be projected_ 1: To have or produce a blatantly startlingefiect. blaze rwun 1. The visible signsof combustion. - -2. 4r intense,blinding light. blazez uerb . .To. make (information)generallyknown. bfazing adiectiae 1. On fire: Theforest is blazing.

2. Extremelybright: blazing surlight 3. Fired with intensefeeling. blazon aerb . .To make (information) generally known. bfeach aerb To lose normal coloraUon; turn pale. bfeak adiecth:e 1. Cold and forbidding: a bleale Without freshnessor appealdue to overuse. Bronx cheer rruun . Slnng.Any derisive sound of disapproval. DfOOd noun 1. A group consistingof thosedescendeddirectly from the sameparentsor aneestors. 2. The offspring as of an animal,bird, etc., that are the result of one breedingseason. brood oerb To turn over in the qind, moodily and at length: fleb broodingabm,t his decline in popularity and tnotrying abutt the upcorningelpction. brookl twun A smallstream. brook2 oerb To put up with. broth-erhobd noun The condition of being friends. brouhaha rwun A condition of intensepublic interestor excitement.

4. Syns: broad-minded, liberal, openminded, progressive, tolerant. 5. uNsunrr-r. 6. necv. 1. eovanusp. 2. aNNouNcr. ANNOUNCEMENT.

l. Syns;breadthen,widen. 2. rxrrNo.

BRoAD

ad,iectiae.

\vIDTH. CENERAL.

crANr ad,iectioe, BRAWL

|MUN.

l. r;vav uerb. 2. snlwr. oerb. laor adiectioe. POOR.

SHABBY. GO-BET\ll/EEN.

clrcnf

twun.

TRITE.

IJrsstwun. 1. pnocrrvy. 2. youNc noun. Syns:despond,dwell on (or upon), fret, mope,stew (over or about) (Infornwl), worry. -Iiliom be in a brown study. BRANCH

IWUN,

ENDURE. TRIENDSHIP. SENSATION.

L2T cerb browbeat To domineer or drive into compliance by the use of threats, force, etc. noun browbeater One who is habitually cruel to smaller or weaker people. aerb brown-nose Slang. To support slavishly every opinion or suggestion of a superior. urb browse 1. To look through readingmatter casually: brottssed through the mngazine looking at a&sertisements.

2. To go through a place, viewing or inspecting in a leisurely way: browsing around in the department stcvre. aerb bruise To make or receive a bruise or bruises on: bruised his shoulder when he fell off the horse; skin that bruises easily. bruit oerb 1. To make (information) generally known. 2. To spread as news.

bucket INTIMIDATE.

BULLY

|I,OU,N.

FAWN.

1. Syns: dip into, flip (through), glance at (or over or through), leaf through, riffe through, run through, scan, skim, thumb through. 2, Syns: rorun, stroll, wander.

Syns: black, contuse,

1. ,tDvnnrrsr. 2. Norsn aerb.

brume noun A thick, heavy atmosphericcondition offeringreduced visibility due to the presenceof suspendedparticles. brummagem noun An inferior substituteimitating an original. brunet alsobrunette adiectiae Of a complexiontendingtoward brown or black. brunette adiecti,ae brush rwun f . Light and momentarycontactwith anotherperson or thing: a bntsh of her fingerson the piano lceys. 2. A briel hostileexposureto or contact with something,as danger,opposition,etc.: hasfrequent brusheswith the law. brush oerb To make light and momentarycontactwith, as in passing:His arm brushedmine in the eleoator. brusque adiectiae Rudelyunceremonious. brutal adiecth:e Causingsharp,often prolongeddiscomfort. brutality noun A cruel act or an instanceof cruel behavior. brutalize oerb To ruin utterly in character or quality. bubble rroun A fantastic,impracticableplan or desire. bubble oerb 1. To form or causeto form foam. 2. To be in a stateof emotionalor mental turmoil. buckl aerb To take a standagainst. buck up aerb Informal. To impart strengthand confidenceto. buck2 oerb To break up into tinY Particles. bucket aerb To move swiftly.

ETAZ'E NOUN.

coP\ noun, ornx adiectiae. srn brunet. l. Syns; fick, glancel, graze, skim. 2. Syns: clash, encounter, run-in, skirmish.

Syns: flick, glancer, graze,kiss, shave, skim. ABRUPT.

BrrrER adiectirse. CRUELTY.

connupr oerb. ILLUSION.

t. rotv. aerb. 2. r,or oerb. coNrnsr oarb. ENCOURAGE.

cnvss oerb. nvss oerb.

122

buckle buckle oerb 1. To devote(oneselfor one'sefforts). 2. To fall in. buckram adiectioe So rigidly constrained,formal, or awkward as to lack all graceandspontaneity. bucki noun Slang.Something,as coins,printed bills, etc., usedas a mediumof exchange. buck up oerb bucolic adiectirse Of or pertainingto the countryside. bud turun 1. A sourceof further growth and development. 2, ) youngpersonbetweenbirth and puberty. buddy' "utiOne who keepscompanywith another. Inforrnal. budge oerb To makea slightmovement. budget rroun A measurablewhole. buff oerb T9 S"" a gleaming luster to, usu. through friction. uffet nonn A quick, sharp blow, esp. with the hand. buffet oerb l. To hit with a quick, sharp blow of the hand. 2. To hit heavily and repeatedly. bug noun l. lnforrnal. A minute organism usu. producing disease. 2. Slang. Something that mars the appearance or causes inadequacy or failure. 3. Slang. A person who is ardently devoted to a particular subject or activity. bug oerb l. Slang. To trouble tle nerves or peace of mind of, esp. by repeated vexaUons. 2. To monitor (telephone calls) with a concealed listening device connected to the circuit.

l.

epply.

2. cavr rN at Cave. srw

adiectioe.

MONEY.

srn buckl. couNTRYadiectiae. l, csnru. 2. cnu,o. ASSOCIATE NDUN.

srtnr oerb. QUANTITY,

cross aerb. SLAP TIDUN.

l. st tp aerb. 2. snlir oerb. 1. cnnu. 2. osrncr naun. 3. BrwHusresr.

1. enNoy. 2. rnp, oerb.

bugbear rwun

l. Archaic. A supernatural being. 2. An object of extreme dislike. buggy adiecthse Slnng._Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness. bughouse adiecthse Slang._Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness. bugs adiectitse Slang. -Affilcted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness.

buifd oerb l. To makeor form (a structure):built a skgsuaper; built a sand castlefor the child,ren. 2. To createby forming, combining,or altering materials. 3. To take or serveas the basisfor. 4. To becomegreaterin number,amount,or intensity. build in oerb To constructor incl r4e as an integralor permanent to build in the s,umihor,:eifor cost n##:.*re

1. cnosr n{ntn. 2. uern noun. INSANE.

INSANE.

INSANE.

1. Syns;construct,erect, put up, raise, rear2. 2. uexn. 3. nrlsnt oerb. 4. nrsn oerb. Syns: incorporate, integrate.

r23 build noun Bodily type. builder rwun l. A personor businessthat makesor builds something: the builder of a house;an automobilebuilder. 2. A person instrumental in the growth of something, esp.in its early stages:one of the build.ersof the spaceage. build in aerb buifding nnun A usu. permanentconstruction,as a house,store,etc.: put up a 21-storybuilding on the site. build-up alsobuildup rwun build up oerb l. To increaseor seekto increasethe importanceor reputationof by favorablepuhlicity. 2. To makeor becomegreateror larger. 3. To achievean incrementof gradually. 4. To makeknown vigorouslythe positive featuresof (a product). build-upalsobuildup nutn l. The result or product of building rp the build-u.pof ashesin the f,replnce; the build-up of ten'sions foring the strike. 2.lnfomwl. A systematiceffort to increasethe importanceor reputaUonof by favorablepublicity. buift adiecthse lnfomwl. Having a full, voluptuousfigure. built-in adiectioe 1. Constructedas a nondetachablepart of a larger unit: o built-in bookcase. 2. Forming an essentialelement:a built-in senseof dnnger. bufge nnun 1. A part that protrudesor extendsoutward: abulge und,erhis iacket ind,icatinga pistol. 2. Slang.A dominatingposition,s h a conflict. bulge oerb To curve outward past the normal or usual limit: are makingher pursebulge. Money and cosrnntics bulk noun 1. Great extent,amount,or dimension:Whaleshatse mnnstrws bulk. 2. A measurablewhole. 3. The main part. 4. The greatestpart or portion. buf ky adiecthse l. Extremelylarge; havinggeat mass:a bulky oolwne of poetry. 2. Having a large body, esp.in Srth, a bulky man haoing trouble climbing the stairs. 3. Difficult to handleor manage. buf l twun 1. A stupid, clumsYmistake. 2. Slang.Somethingthat doesnot have or make sense. 3. Slnng.A memberof a law-enforcementagency. bulfdogged odiecthse Tenaciouslyunwilling to Yield. buffdoggish adiectixe Tenaciouslyunwilling to Yield.

bulldoggish CONSTITUTION.

1. Syns; constructor, erector, maker, manufacfurer. 2. Syns: contributor, creator, developer, pioneer. seB build. Syns; edifice, pile, structure. snr build up. 1. pnolrors. 2. rxcnresn tserb. 3. cerw r:erb. 4. epvBnrrsn.

1. Syns; accretion, accumulation, amassment, development, enlargement, increase, increment, mulUplication, proliferation. 2. pnououoN.

SHAPELY.

1. Syns: component, constifuent, incorporated. 2. Syns: congenital, constitutional, inborn, inbred, inherent, innate, intrinsic, natural. 1. Syns; jut, knob, knot, projection, protrusion, profuberance. 2. epvevrecg nou,n. Syns: bag, balloon, belly, jut, overhang pouch, project, protrude, protuberate, stand out, stick out. l. Syns; amplitude, magnitude, mass, size, volume. 2. queNrrrt. 3. soov rroun. 4. wnrcnr noun. l. Syns; massive, overcize (also oversized). 2. Syns: hulking, hulky, stout. 3. ewnveno. rwun. 1. gLUNDBR, 2. Not,isnxsB. 3. por-rcnnrelt. OBSTINATE. OBSTINATE.

t24

bulldoggy buf fdogggt ad.iectioe Tenaciouslyunwilling to yield. bufldoze oerb l. To domineeror drive into complianceby the useof threats,force, etc. 2. Slang.To do or achieveby forcing obstaclesout of one'swav. buftdozer ioun One who is habituallycruel to smalleror weaker people. buflet oerb To move swiftlv. buff headed adiectioe Tenaciouslyunwilling to yield. buflheadediress nnun - The qualrty or state of being stubbornly unyielding. bullwoik twun - Physicalexertion that is usu. difficult and exhausting. bulfy rloun One who is habitually cruel to smalleror weaker people:A xoaggefingbully is often a real coward. bully oerb To domineeror drive into complianceby the useof threats,force, etc. bufly adiectitse Inforntal. Exceptionally good of its kind. buflyrag oerb 1. To domineeror drive into complianceby the use of threats,force, etc. 2. To torment with persistentinsult or ridicule. bum oerb l. Slnng.To askor askfor as charity. 2. Infomal. To passtime without working or in avoidingwork. bum rwun A self-indulgentpersonwho spendstime avoidingwork or other useful activity. bum ad;iectioe Infornnl. Below a standardof quality. bumbler oerb To move awkwardly or clumsily. bumble2 oerb To make a continuouslow-pitcheddroning sound. bumble nuun A continuouslow-pitched droning sound. bumbf ing adiecthse . Clumsily lackingin the ability to do or perform. DUmmef' noun Sl^g.One who begshabituallyor for a living. bummerz noun Slnng.A great disappointmentor regrettablefact. bump oerb 1. To proceedwith sudden,abrupt movements:an old car bumping dolrn the roa.d. 2. To come togetheror come up againstwith force. 3. Infornwl. To lower in rank or grade. 4. To put out by force. bump into oerb Infornwl. To find or meet by chance. bump rwun 1. Violent, forcible contactbetweentwo or more things.

OBSTINATE.

l. rxrruroete. 2. pvut, aerb.

BULLY

NOUN.

nvsu oerb. OBSTINATE. OBSTINACY. LABOR NOUN,

Syns;brave (Obs.),browbeater, bulldozer,hector, intimidator. INTIMIDATE.

EXCELLENT.

1. n."rrurparr. 2. sur oerb. l. snc. 2. lmrrnoerb.

WASTREL.

BAD.

sI-uNDrn oerb. tlv.

oerb.

IIVI[:{ rmun. UNSKILLFUL. BEGGAR. SHAME NOUN.

1. Syns; jerk, jolt. 2, cor-r.mn. 3. onuorn. 4. npcr. COME ACROSS At GOME.

l. conrsroN.

burden

t25 2. A small raised area of skin resulting from a light blow, an insect sting, etc.: Wasp bites cause btunps. 3. An unevenness or elevation on a surface: a bump in the road.

bump into oerb bump-off nxun bump off oerb Slang.To take the life of (a personor persons) unlawfully. bump-off nou,n Slang.The crime of murderingsomeone. bunch nurn L. Infonrul. A number of individualsmakingup or considereda unit. 2.Informal. A usu. small number of individuals. 3. Infomwl. A particular socialSoup. 4. A small raisedareaof skin resultingfrom a light blow, an insectsting,etc. buncombe rwun bundle noun l. A number of individualsmakingup or considereda unit. 2. Slang.A large sum of money. bungle oerb To harm irreparablythto"gh inept handling;make a messof. bungle rrorrrr A stupid, clumsymistake. bungle'r nuun A stupid, clumsyperson. bunkr oerb To provide with often temporarylodging. bunkz twun Slang.Somethingthat doesnot have or make sense' bunk3 oerb Brit. To break loose and leave suddenly,as from confinementor from a difficult or threateningsituation. bunkuml alsobuncombe rwun Something - that doesnot have or make sense. bunkum2 ad;iectioe Re$orwt. Having good health. Bunyanesque ad;iectioe Of extraordinarysizeand power. buoy oerb To raise the spirits of. buoy up oerb To keep from yieldrngor failing during stressor difficulw. buoyancil rwun or The ability to recoverquickly from discouragement depression. buoyant adiectioe Displayinglight-heartednonchalance. buoy up oerb bur oerb b noun burble oerb To fow or move with a low, slappingsound. burbling adiectioe Emitting a murmuringsoundfelt to resemblea laugh. burden rwun 1. Somethingcarried physically:the camel'sbutden of spices.

2. Syns:bunch,knob, knot,lumpr, swelling. 3. Syns;hump,knob, lumpl, nub, protuberance. snr bump. snr bump off. vrvnopnoerb.

MUNDER

|TOU,N.

1. cnoup nuun. 2. cnoup nou,n. 3. cnowu rwun. 4. suMp rwun. spr bunkuml. l. cnoup noun. 2. ronruNn. norcs oerb.

IUru,N.

BLUNDER

BLUNDERER. Id^tnson

aerb.

NONSENSE.

nscepe oerb.

NONSENSE. HEALTITY.

crANr adiectioe. nr.tttn aerb. SUSTAIN.

RESILIENCE.

AIRY.

snr buoy. ser burr. WASH.

LAUGHING.

l. Syns; cargo, freight, haul, impost, load.

burdensome 2. Something hard to bear physically or emotionally: the burden of a guilty conscience. 3. A duty or responsibility that is a source of anxiety, worry, or hardship: the burden of supporting dependent relatixes. 4. The general senseor significance,as of an action, statement, etc. burden aerb To place a burden or heavy load on. burdensome adiectiae Imposing a severe test of bodily or spiritual strength: burdensome fann chores.

burg noun - InformnL A large and important town. burgeon aerb 1. To bear flowers. - 2. "!o become geater in number, amount, or intensity.

126 2. Syns: affiiction, cross, trial. 3. Syns; millstone, onus, tax, weight.

4. nrponr noun.

csl^ncn oerb. Syns; arduous, backbreaking, demanding, difficult, effortful, exacting, exigent, formidable, hard, heavy, laborious, onerous, oppressive, rigorous, rough, severe, taxing, tough, trying, weighty. crTY noun. l. w.oou oerb. 2. nrsn oerb.

burglarize aerb

To enter forcibly and illegally. burial noun An act of placing a body in a graveor tomb: Burial immediatelyfollowed the furwral. buried adiecitxe Lnng beyondwhat is obviousor avowed. burke" aerb To evade,asa topic, esp.by circumlocution. burfesque noun A false,derisive,or impudentimitation of something. burlesque aerb To copy (the mannero-rexpressionof another),esp.in or mockingway. _ an exaggerated burly adiectioe Characterizedby markedmusculardevelopment; powerfullybuilt. burn oerb 1. To undergocombustionz Woodshaaingsbum readily, 2. To undergoor causeto undergodamageby or as if by fire: bumed the rug with a cigarette. 3. To emit a bright light. 4. To feel or look hot: He's buming with feoer. 5. To be in a stateof emotionalor mental turmoil. 6. To feel or causeto feel a sensationof heat or discomfort. 7. To causeto becomesoreor inflamed. 8. To be or becomeangry. burn out oerb To lose so much strengthand power as to become ineffectiveor motionless. burn up oerb Informal. To causeto feel or showanger. burn noun Damagethat resultsfrom burning: a bum in the tablecloth. burning adiectitse 1. On fire. 2. Marked by much heat. 3. Fired with intensefeeling.

BREAKrN at break. Syns: entombment, inhumation, interment. ULTERIOR.

sxrar oerb. MOCKERY.

MUSCULAR.

1. Syns; blazer, combust, conflagrate, fame (up), flare. 2. Syns: char, scorch, sear, singe. 3. snLM oerb. 4. Syns: bake, broil, roast, scorch, swelter. 5. sorr-. 5. srrqc oerb. 7. mnrrerr. 8. eNcnn oerb. RUN DOWN.

eNcpn oerb. Syns; char, scorch, sear, singe.

1. slazrNc. 2. nor adiecthse. 3. pessroNeru.

r27 4. Of immediate import: a buming issue; buming rueds. oerb burnish To give a gleaming luster to, usu. through friction.

burn out oerb burn up oerb burr alsobur oerb To make a continuous low-pitched droning sound. burr also bur noun A continuous low-pitched droning sound.

business 4. Syns: crFng, exigent, imperative, importunate, instant, pressing, urgent. ct oss oerb. sm burn. snr burn. nuv' oerb. rIVIo,l fWUn.

burrow noun A hollow place used as an animal's dwelling.

}IOLE

nOUn.

burst oerb 1. To come open or fy apart suddenly and violently, as from internal pressure: The balloon burst. 2. To release or cause to release eners/ suddenly and violently, esp. with a loud noise. burst forth oerb To become manifest suddenly and in full force. burst noun l. A violent release of confined energ/, usu. accompanied by a loud sound and shock waves. 2. An earsplitting, explosive noise. 3. A sudden, violent expression, as of emotion. 4. A concentrated outpouring, as of missiles, words, or blows.

burst forth oerb bursting adiectioe filled. !. Completely 2. Intensely desirous or interested.

1. Syns:blow out, blow up, bust (lnformal), explode,pop. 2. sxPLooB.

BREAK OUT.

1. sr.esr twun. 2. slesr rwun. 3. outsunsr. 4. sannecg noun. sBn burst. 1. ruu.. 2. nrtcpn.

bury oerb' 1. To place (a corpse) in or as if in a grave: bury the dead. 2. To put or keep out of sight. 3. Slang. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competition. bush twun An uninhabited region left in its nahral state. bush oerb Slnng. To make extremely tired. bush up perb Chief.y Regional. To put or keep out of sight. adiectitse bushed Slang. Extremely tired.

1. Syns; entomb, inhume, inter, lay away (Informal). -Idiorn lay to rest. 2. stonr oerb. 3. onpur oerb.

wtLD twun. E)(}IAUST.

utonr oerb. EXTIAUSTED.

bushel rwun lnformal. An indeterminately great amount or number.

bush up oerb bushwhack aerb andwithoutwarning. To attacksuddenly business noun is 1. AcUvitypursuedasa livelihood:Herbusiness a&sertising. 2. Commercial, industrial, or professional activity in general: I,awsregulntingbusirless; ushen bu,sinessis slow. 3. The commercial transactions of customers with a supplier. 4. A commercial organization. 5. Something that concerns or involves one personally: Do you think that's anV of gout btniness?

IJF'AP |TDUN.

sBBbush. AMBUSH.

1. Syns; calling, employ (Archaic), employrnent, job, line, occupation, pursuit, racket (Slong), trade, vocation, work. 2, Syns: commerce, industry, trade, trading, traffic. 3. pernoNecn. 4. coupesv. 5. Syns: affair, concern, lookout.

businesslike

t28

businesslilte adiectioe 1. Showing characteristics advantageous to or of use in business: businesslike procedures. 2. Marked by sober sincerity.

businesspersbn nnun _ A person engaged in buying and selling.

buss nnun

The act or an instance of kissing. buss oerb To touch or caress with the lips, esp. as a sign of passion or affection.

bust oerb l. lnfornnl.To comeopenor fy apartsuddenly, as from internal pressure. l. Slang. To make or become unusable or inoperative. 3. Slang. To reduce to financial insolvency. 4. Slang. To lower in rank or grade. 5. Slang. To make (an animal) docile. 6. Slang. To take into custody as a prisoner. 7. To hit with a quick, sharp blow of the hand. bust rr.utn t. Slang. One that fails completely. l. Slang. The condition of being financially insolvent. 3. Slang. A seizing and holding by law. - 4..Slang. A quick, sharp blow, esp. with the hand. busted adiectioe - SIqfS.Having little or no money or wealth. bustle noun 1. Needlesstrouble. 2. Agitated, excited movement and activity. bustfe oerb 1. To be nervously or uselesslvactive. 2. To move swiftlv. busy adiectioe l. Involved in activity or work: Call ushen you're rwt so busy. 2. Excessively filled with detail: a busy adoertising Iayout. busy aerb . To.make lnsy: busying myself uith legal mntters. bUSybOdy noun A person given to intruding in other people's affairs. l. - 2. A person who snoops. but adaerb To the exclusion of anyone or anything else. butcher oerb To kill savagely and indiscriminately. butcher noun One who murders another.

1. Syns;efficient,methodical,systematic (alsosystemaUcal). 2. snnrous. DEALEN. KISS noun. rctss oerb,

L. sunsr aerb. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

r;antx aerb. nvw oerb. osMorn. cnNrr.n oerb. ennnsr oerb. srtp oerb.

1. 2. 3. 4.

rerr,unp. rerr-unn. annnsr twun. sr,ep noun.

POOR.

l. sorHnn noun. 2. snnl rwun. 1. russ oerb. 2. nuss oerb. 1. Syns; employed, engaged,occupied. 2. Syns: cluttered, crowded, fussy.

Syns: engage, engross, occupy. 1.. naroor,Bn. 2. sr.roopnoun. SOLELY. ANNIHILATE. MURDERER.

butchery noun - ftr-" savage killing of many victims.

buttr rni,

An act or instance of using force so as to propel ahead.

buttz oerb

To be contiguousor next to. butt3 rmun l. A personwho is easilydeceivedor victimized. or laughter. - ?: !" objectof amusement butta naun Residualmatter. butter oerb To spreadwith a greasy,sticky,or dirty substance.

MASSACRE NAUN, PUSH IIDUN. ADJOTN.

L. uups noun. 2. yoxr nxun. ENDnoun. sv.nlrn oerb.

bystander

r29 butter up aerb Inforrnnl. To compliment excessivelyand ingafratingly. butter up oerb butt in oerb l. To force or come in as an improper or unwanted element. 2. Slang.To interveneofficiouslyor indiscreetlyin the a.ffairsof others. buttinsky rwu,n Slnng.A persongrven to intruding in other people's affairs. buttocks tmun The part of one'sback on which one restsin sitting. button-down ad;iecthse Infomwl. Conforming to establishedpractice or standards. buttress nuun A meansor device that keepssomethingerect, stable, or secure. buttress oerb To present evidencein support of. buy oerb 1. To acquirein exchangefor moneyor somethingof equal value: boughtahouse. 2. To give, offer, or promisea bribe to. 3, Slang.To regard (something)as true or real. buy off oerb To give, offer, or promisea bribe to. buy rwun 1. Somethingbought or capableof being boug[rt:a maior buA in cotton fuhnes. 2. Somethingofferedor bought at a low price. buyabfe adiectioe Capableof beingbribed.. buyer noun One who buys goodsor services. buy off oerb buzz aerb 1. To makea continuouslow-pitcheddroning sound. 2. Ta engagein or spreadgosiP. 3.Infornwl. To communicatewith (someone)by telephone. buzz nouln 1. A continuouslow-pitcheddroning sound. 2.Idle, often sensationaland groundlesstalk about others. 3. Infonnal. A telephonecommunication. by-and-by rwun Time that is yet to be. bygone ad,iectioe Of a style or method formerly in vogue. bypass oerb l. To keep awayfrom. 2. To evade,as a topic, esp.by circumlocution. 3. To passaroundbut not througlr. by-producl rwun Somethingderived from another. by-sitter nnun Someonewho observes. bystander rwun Someonewho observes.

FLATTER.

sse butter. 1. rvrnuor. 2. vroor.B.

MEDDLER.

BOITOM

froun.

SUPPORTTWIIN,

AIICX Oerb,

l. Syn: purchase. 2. nnl'rrn Derb. 3. ser-rEvE. nntr;n oerb. l. Syn: purchase, 2. sAxcerr.I twun,

PAT'RON.

snr buy. l. wu oerb. 2. cossp oerb. 3. tnr.rpnoNs.

1. Hurvrrxrun. 2. cossrp rwun, 3. cer-r- rruun, FUTURE

TWILN.

OLD-FASHIONED.

1. evom. 2. sxrnr oerb, 3. sxrnr oerb. DERIVATIVE

WATCHER. WATCHER.

IIOI'|I,

byword

130

byword rwun A usu. pithy and familiar statement expressing an observation or principle generally accepted as wise or true. Byzantine adiectioe Difficult to understand due to intricacy

cabal noun A secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end. cabaf istic adiectitse Difficult to explain or understand. cabbage rcui Slang. Something, as coins, printed bills, etc., used as a medium of exchange. cache oerb To put or keep out of sight. cachinnate oerb To express amusement, mirth, or scorn by smiling and emitting loud, inarticulate sounds. cachinnation twun An act of laughing. cackle aerb To express amusement, mirth, or scorn by smiling and emitting loud, inarticulate sounds. cackle noun An act of laughing. cacophonic alio cacophonical adiectitse

cacophonousalsocacophonic,cacophonical ad;iectioe Characterizedby unpleasantdiscordanceof sound. cadaver noun The physicalframe of a deadpersonor animal. Cadaverous adiectioe l. Gruesomelysuggestiveof ghostsor death. 2. Lackingcolor. 3-.Physicallyhaggard. cadence alsocadency rwun The regularrecurrenceof strongand weak elements, suchas stressedand unstressednotesin music. cadenced ad;iectioe Marked by a regularrhyhm. cadency noun' cadge oerb Informal. To askor askfor ascharitv. J cadler rwun tff"ry-r*t.One who begshabituallyor for a living. caducity rmun Old age. cage oerb To confinewithin a limited area. cagey alsoGig[ adiectioe Having or showinga clever awarenessand resourcefulness in practical matters. cagy adiectioe

PROVERB.

coMPLEx adiectiae.

PLOT noun. MYSTERIOUS. MONEY.

tttrtnt oerb. r,wclg

oerb.

LAUGH NAUN. rwcrr

oerb.

LAUGH |WUN. sEE CaCOphOnOUS.

INHARMONIOUS. BODY noun, 1. cHasrly. 2. ptrn adiectitse. 3. wasrno. RHYTHM.

RITYTHMICAL.

srn cadence. BEG. BEGGAR NOUN. AGE ftaun. ENCLOSE.

SHREWD.

sEECagey.

call

131 Cain noun One who murdersanother. cajole oerb To persuadeor try to persuadeby gentle, persistent urging or flattery. cake oerb To make or becomephysicallyhard. calaboose rwun Slang.A place for the confinementof personsin lawful detention. cafamitous adiectioe Causingruin or destruction. calamity rwnn An occurrenceinflicting widespreaddestructionand distress. calculate oerb l. To ascertainby mathematics:csfrorwnvrs calculnting thi positiors of the plarwts. 2. To make a judgmentas to the worth or value of. 3. To note (items)one by one so as to get a total. calculated ad.iecthse 1. Planned,weighed,or estimatedin advance:took a calculatedrisk. 2, Resultingfrom deliberationand careful thought. calcufating adiectioe Coldly planningto achieveselfishaims:a cakalating and,shrewd businessman. calculation noun 1. The act, process,or result of calculaUng:mad.ea quick calculationof the cost. 2. Careful forethoughtto avoid harm or risk. 3. A careful consideringof a matter. cafendar noun An organizedlist of procedures,activities,events,etc. cafiber noun 1. A divisionof personsor thingsby quality, rank, or grade. 2. Degreeof excellence. 3. A level of superioritythat is usu.high. caliginous adyectioe Rare. Havrngno light. call oerb l. To demandto appear,come,or assemble:calling the doctor; called a meeting. 2. To speakor sayvery loudly. 3. To communicatewith (someone)by telephone. 4. To give a nameor Utle to. 5. To describewith a word or term: called me a liu. 6. To go to or seekout the companyof in order to socialize. 7. To bring together. 8. To calculateapproximatelY. 9. To tell about or make known (future events)in advance,esp.by meansof specialknowledgeor inference. call down oerb lnformat. To criUcizefor a fault or offense:got called dmmrfor failing to meet the deadline.

IAIL

twun.

DISASTER.

1. Syns; cast, cipher, compute, figirre (out), reckon. 2. rsnuern oerb. 3. couNr oerb. 1. Syns; considered, deliberate, intentional, premeditated. 2. aovrsBo. Syns: designing, scheming.

1. Syns; computation, figuring, reckoning. 2. ceurrox rwun. 3. eovtspurrr. PROCRAM.

l. cr,ess rwun. 2. quer,rrr. 3. upnrr twu,n. BI.ACK.

1. Syns; convene, convoke, muster, send for, summon. 2. nolu. oerb. 3. rsLspHoNE. 4. Nrl;in oerb. 5. Syns; characterize, designate, label, style, tag term. 6. vsln oerb. 7. esssMsr-n. 8. rsrnr,retn oerb. 9. pnBprcr.

Syns; admonish, bawl out (lnfonnal), castigate, chastise, chew out (Slang), chide, dress down, lambaste (Slong), rapr (Infornnl), rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, scold, tax, upbraid. -Idioms

call down

call for oerb 1. To be a proper or sufficientoccasionfor: This calls for charnpagne. 2. To have as a need or prerequisite. 3. To ask for urgently or insistently. call off oerb To decide not to go aheadwith (somethingpreviously arranged). call noun 1. A loud cry. ?. fr" power or quality of attracting. 9, Th"! which provides a reasonor jwtification. 4. A telephonecommunication:GiDehfuna call uhen yw aniae. 5. An act or an instanceof going or coming to see another. 6. The act of demanding. call down oerb cafled-for adiectioe Imposedon one by authority,command,or convention. cafl for oerb cafl girl rwun A woman who engagesin sexualintercoursefor payment. cafligraphic adieitne Of or pertainingto representationby meansof writing. cafling rmun 1. An inner urge to pursuean activity or perform a service. 2. ActjviW pursuedas a livelihood. cafl off ubrb calfous ail;iectioe Totrlly lackingin compassion. calm adiectioe 1. Not excitedor emotionallyagitated,:spokein a calm oobe. 2. Motionlessand undisturbed. 3. Not easilyexcited,even under pressure. calm rwrnn 1. An absenceof motion or disturbance. 2. Lack of emotionalagitation:kept his calrn duringthe emergencv. calm oerb l. To make or becomecalm: calrnedher fears. 2. To easethe angeror agitationof. calm down oerb To easethe angeror agitationof. calm down oirb cafmness rrcrun Lack of emotional agitation. cafumniate oerb To make defamatorystatementsabout. cafumnious adiecthse P*"S.rg to the reputation. CafUmny noun The expressionof injurious,maliciousstatementsabout someone.

t32 britrg (or call or take ) to task, haul (or rake) over the coals, let someone have it, rap on (or over) the knuckles. l. Syns; justify, occasion, warrant. 2. onv,ls.tn oerb. 3. nnlg..ttxnoerb. CANCEL.

l. 2. 3. 4.

snour noun. errnlcrroN. ceusB tmn, S.yns;bt:zz (Infornnl), tingt (lnfornnl).

5. wsrr twun. 6. pnrr.rer.rorwtrn. srp call. REQUIRED.

snn call. PROSTITUTE. GRAPHIC.

1. voceuoN. 2. susrNrss. ssr call. COLD-BLOODED.

1. Syns; composed, placid, serene, tranquil, unrufled. 2. srrr.r- adiectioe. 3. coor adiectit:e. 1. srrr-r.wrss. 2. Syns: calmness,composure, cool (Slnng), equanimity, head, sang-froid, serenity, tranquillity or tranquility. l. Syns: allay, balm, becalm, compose, lull, quiet, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize (also tranquillize ). 2. pecrry. PACIFY. sEE Calm. CALM noun. Lrsr,

Derb.

LIBELOUS. LIBEL NOUN.

133 camouflage oerb To change or modify so as to prevent recognition of the true identity or character of. naun Campalgn An organized effort to accomplish a purpose. adiecthse camPestral Of or pertaining to the countryside. rmun camp follower A woman who engagesin sexual intercourse for payment. Can oerb 1. To prepare (food) for storage and future use. 2. Slang. To end the employment of. can rwun Slnng. A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention. rwun canard An untrue declaration. cancel oerb l. To remove or invalidate by or as if by running a line through or wiping clean: canceled checks; going to cancel his magazina subscriptinn; an order canceled by the Presid'ent. 2. To decide not to go ahead with (somethitg previously arranged): canceled the concert because of illness. 3. To make ineffective by applying an opposite force or amount: Two Wosing ootes cancel each other. 4. To put an end to formally and with authority.

otscvrcn oerb.

DRIVE |WUN.

couNrRY adiectioe. PROSTITUTE.

l. coNsnnvp oerb. 2. orsurss. ILIL tWUn.

rtnz rwtnu 1. Syns: annul, blot out, cross out, erase, expunge, rub out, scratch out, strike out, undo, vacate (Law), wipe out, x out. 2. Syns: call off, drop, kill (Slang), scratch (Informal), scrub (lnformal). 3. Syns; counteract, neutralize. 4. esor-rsH

cancellation noun The act of erasing or the condition of being erased. adiecthse candid Speaking or spoken freely and sincerely. rwun candidate A person who applies for or seeksa job or position. oerb candy To make superficially more acceptable or appealing.

candyman nou,n SI*rg. A personwho sells narcoticsillegalty. Cane rwun A fairly long, straightpiece of solid materialusedesp. as a support in walking. canker oerb l. To ruin utterly in characteror quality. 2. To have a destructiveeffect on. Cannonade naun A concentratedoutpouring, as of missiles,words, or blows. cannonade oerb To direct a barrageat. Canny adiectioe l. Astute but lackingin ethicsor principles. 2. Careful in the useof materialresources. CanOn noun A principle governingthe affairsof man within or amongpolitical units. canonical adiecthse Adheringto beliefsor practicesapprovedby authority or tradition. oerb cantl 1. To depart or cause to depart from true vertical or horizontal.

ERASURE. FRANK. APPLICANT. S\vEETEN. PUSHER. STICK froun.

1. connupt oerb. 2. porsov oerb. BARRACETWUN.

sARnAcn Derb. l. srrenp ad:iectiae. 2. ecoNourcer.. LLW nnun.

ORTHODOX.

1. rr'IcI-Nn oerb'

cant2 2. To lean suddenly,unsteadily,and erratically from the vertical axis. cant rwun Deviationfrom a particular direption. Cant2 noun l. Specializedexpressions indigenousto a particular field, subject,trade, or subculture. 2, An often regionalform of a languagenot considered standard. cantankerous adiectioe Having " or showinga bad temper. canted adiectioe Departingfrom true vertical or horizontal. Cap oerb l. To reachor bring to a clima,x. 2. To extendover the surfaceof. 3. To put a toppingon. capabilily ,nii Phy.sical, mgntal,financial,or legal power to perform. capabfe adiectiae Having the ability to perform well. CapaCfOuSadiectilse 1. Of full measure;not narrow or restricted. 2. Havingplenty of room. capaGity rwun 1. Physical,mental,financial,or legal power to perform. 2. The ability or power to seizeor attain. Caper oerb To leap and skip about playfully. caper noun A mischievousact. capitaf adiectioe 1. Most important,influential,or significant. 2. Exceptionallygood of its kind. 3. Conspicuouslybad or offensive. capital nou,n 1. AII property or goodshavingeconomicvalue. 2. The monetaryresourcesof a government, organization,or individual. capitallst noun One who is occupiedwith or expert in large-scale financialaffairs. capitalize oerb l. To supply capital to or for. 2. To derive advantage. capitulate oerb T.o.givg.in from or as if from a graduallossof strength. capitulation noun The act of submittingor surrenderingto the power of another. caprice inun An impulsive,often illogical turn of mind. capricious adiectitse 1. Following no predictablepattern: a capriciow flirt; a capriciousstorm; capriciow stock-market fluctuatioru.

2. Determinedor markedby whim or capricerather than reason.

2. rvncs oerb,

INCLINATION.

l. r-e-lscuacB.

2. ILL-TEMPENED. INCLINED.

L. ct tv.l.x rserb. 2. covnn aerb. 3. rop aerb. ABILITY. ABLE.

1. ruu.. 2. noouy. l. asrr.rrlr. 2, cn,rsp noun. CAMBOL. PRANK. l.

pnrnaeny.

2. nxcrr,r,nlqr. 3. rr,ecnevr. 1. nrsouncns. 2. ruxos.

FINANCIER.

1. rrxeNcn. 2. nnNnrrc oerb. SUCCUMB. SURRENDER flAUN,

FANCY |WUN.

1. Syns; changeable, erratic, fantastic (aho fantastical), fickle, freakish, iriconsistent, inconstant, lubricious, mercurial, temperamental, Ucklish, uncertain, unpredictable, unstable, unsteady, variable, volatile, whimsical. 2. ensrrRARy.

caress

135 captain oerb To have authoritative charge of. ad;iectioe captious Inclined to judge too severelY.

captivate oerb To pleasegreatlYor irresisUblY. captivated adiectioe Afiected with intenseromantic attraction. captivating adiectioe Pleasingto the eye or mind. capture oerb or control of: The Dodgers i. to obtain possession caph"rredthe Permant. 2.T; obtain poisessionof, esp.after a struggleor chase. CafCaSS rwu'n The physicalframe of a dead personor animal' card rwun, Infonrut. A personwhosewords or actionsprovoke or arl intended to provoke amusementor laughter. cardboard adiectioe So rigidly constrained,formal, or awkward as to lack all graceand sPontaneitY. cardihal adiectioe 1. Dominantin importanceor influence. 2. Most important,influential,or significant. Gafg twun 1. A causeof worry: Her main careis how to support the farnilY. 2. Anxiousconcern. 3. Cautiousattentiveness:hand,ledthe gl'asswith care' 4. Attentivenessto detail. 5. The function of watching guarding'or overseeing: teft the keys to the housein his care' 6. The systematicapplicationof remediesto effect a cure. care oerb To have an objection:I don't careif Vaugo' care for oerb To have the care and supervisionof. care for oerb carefree adiectiue Free from care or worry. careful adiectioe 1. Cautiouily attentiveI gcne the will a careful reading' 2. Tryngattentively to avoid danger,risk, or error' or 3. Sh'owlngor markedby attentivenesl-to "ll-aspects details:7 carcfut uorker;firu, careful u:ork' carefulness (wun l. Careful forethouglrtto avoid harm or risk' 2. Cautiousattentiveness. carefess adiecthse l. Lacking or markedby a lack of care: hurt her by a mrelessrenwrk. 2. Indifierent to correctness,accuracy,or neatness:a carelessrniter. careSS oerb To touch or stroke afiectionately:patted and'caressed the littlc boy.

nnto oerb. CRITICAL.

cn,lnu oerb. INFATUATED. ATTRACTIVE.

1, Syns; cop (Slang),g"it, get, take, win. 2. rtrs, oerb. BODYt10rm. JOKER.

srw

adiectioe.

1. prvorer-. 2. pnruenv. 1. Syns; concern, trouble. -ldiom thorn in one's side. 2. erxrcrv. 3. Syns; careftrlness, caution, gingerliness' heed, heedfulness, regard. 4. rnonoucHNEss. 5. Syns; charge, custody, guardianship, keeping, superintendence, supervision, trust. 6. rnraruBr.m.

Syns; mind, object2. rprv#. sEEcare. LtcHtz.

1. Syns; heedful, mindful, observant, watchful. 2. wenv. 3. Syns; meUculous, Painstaking, scrupulous. 1. ceurroN rwun. 2. cens rwuru 1. Syns.' feckless, heedless, inattentive, thouglrtless, unconcerned, unmindful' 2. Syns: messy, slapdash, slipshod, sloppy, slovenly, untidy. Syns; cuddle, fondle, Petl.

careworn CarewOrn ad;iecthse Pale and exhausted because of worry, sleeplessness,etc. CargO nou,n Something carried physically. CaflGatUfe rwun A_false, derisive, or impudent imitation of something. caritaS rwun Kind, forgiving, or compassionate treatment of or disposition toward others. cark oerb 1. To be troubled. 2. To cause anxious uneasinessin. Cafnage rwun The-savage killing of many victims. carnal adiecth:e Relating to the desires and appetites of the body. Carnality noun A preoccupation with the body and satisfaction of its desires. CarOl oerb To utter words or sounds in musical tones. CafOm also G?flolll oerb To strike a surface at such an angle as to be deflected. CafOUSal noun A drinking bout. CarOUSe aerb To behave riotously. CarOUSe noun A drinking bout. Carp oerb To raise unnecessal/ or trivial objections. carp at oerb To scold or find fault constantly. Carp at oerb Cafpef nuun A person who finds fault, often severely and willfullv. carping adiecthse Inclined to judge too severely. Cafnage nutn Thr way in which a person holds or carries his body. 1. 2. The.moving of persons or goods from one place to another. Caffief nyun A person who carries messagesor is sent on errands. CarrOm oerb

Carry oerb 1. To move while supporting: canied the goceries into the horne. 2. To serve as a conduit. 3. To hold on one's person: I neoer carry much nwney. 4. To sustain the weight of. 5. To conduct oneself in a specified way. 6. To be accepted or approved. 7, To have as an accompaniment, condition, or ^ eoryequence: a mime that canies a heaay perwltg. 8. To have for sale: All dru,gstorescany a.spirin. 9. To make known. 19. fo cause (a disease)to pass to another or others. 11. To cause to come along with oneself. 12. To hold up. 13. To be endtwed with as a visible characteristic orform.

136 HAGCARD. BURDEN TWUN. MOCKERY. GRACE NOUN,

1. wonny t-:erb. 2. wonny oerb. MASSACRE rWUn. PHYSICAL. PIrYSICALITY.

SING.

cr,eNcrr oerb. BENDER.

nnvnt oerb. BENDER.

QUIBBLE. NAC.

sEECarp. CRITIC.

CRITTCAL.

l. posrunn nou.n. 2. rneNspoRTATroN.

BEARER.

sEECarom. 1. Syns; bear, convey, lug, schlep (Sbng), toter (Informal), tranJport. ^ 2. coloucr uerb. 3. Syns; bear, have, pack (Infornwl), possess. 4. svpponr uerb. 5. rcr oerb. 6. pl^ssoerb. 7. Syns: entail, involve. 8. 9. 10. ll. 12. 13.

Syns; keep, stock. couuulucATn. coprnauNrcATE. snrlrc. spAR. span.

137 14. To proceed on a certain course or for a certain distance. carry away oerb To move or excite greatly: cornpletely canied awag by the music.

Gast 14. rxrnrvp.

Syns: enrapture, send (Slzng), thrill, transport.

carryoft oerb 1. To calrse the death of. 2. To seize and detain (a person) unlawfully. carry on oerb 1. To control the course of (an activity). 2. To involve oneself in (an activity). 3. To engage in (a war or campaign). 4. To continue without halting despite difficulties or setbacks: camied,on with her work as if he hadn't said a word. 5. To behave in a rowdy or unruly fashion. 6. To show enthusiasm. carry out oerb 1. To oversee the provision or execution of. 2. To compel observance of. 3. To carry to a successful conclusion. 4. To engage in (a war or campaign). carry through oerb To carry to a successful conclusion.

Carryaway oerb carry off oerb Carry On aerb carry Out oerb calry through oerb Cartel rwurr 1. A group of individuals'united in a common cause. 2. A iombination of businessesclosely interconnected for common profit. oerb Cafve To separate into parts with or as if with a sharp-edged instrument.

1. xu-r-. 2. xloNep. 1. 2. 3. 4.

colpuc"r oerb. penrrcrperr. wtcn oerb. Syns: go on, hang on, keep going keep on, persevere, persist.

5. MrssnHAvE. 6. nn'rxusn. 1. 2. 3. 4.

eplrtNrsrnn. urvroncB. nrrncr oerb. w.*cn oerb.

nrrucr oerb. sEEcarry. sEEcarry. sEEcarry. sEEcarry. sEEcarry. 1. covsrNE trorfiu 2. cott.erNErrcrun,

cur oerb.

Casanova rwun 1. A man amorously attentive to women. 2. A man who philanders. CaSe noun 1. One that is representative of a gouP or class. 2. A course of reasoning. 3. Law. A legal proceeding to demand justice or enforce a right. case oerb Slnng. To look at carefully or critically. oerb caseharden To make resistant to hardship, esp. through continued exposure. adiecthn case^hardened Physically toughened so as to have great endurance. cash rwun Something as coins, printed bills, etc., used as a medium of exchange.

1. car-r-ervr rwun. 2. prur.eNoERER. 1. nxer"rpr-n. 2. e.nculrnNr. 3. r,ewsurr.

EXAMINE. HARDEN.

rrARD adiectine. MONEY.

cashier oerb To end the employment of.

Gassandra noun A prophet of misfortune or disaster. cast oerb l. To move (a weapon,blow, etc.) in the direction of someoneor something. 2. To combine(figures)to form a sum.

DISMISS.

PESSIMIST.

t. xu uerb. 2. tnn,

138

castabout 3. To ascertainbv mathematics. 4. To form a stratery for. 5. To send through the air with a motion of the hand or arm. 6. To sendout heat, liglrt, or enerry. 7. Brit. b Vet. Med. To bring forth a nonviable fetus prematurely. cast about oerb To try to ffnd. cast away oerb To damage,disable,or destroy(a seacraft). cast down oerb 1. To make sador gloomy. 2. To causeunhappinessby failing to satisfythe hopes, desires,or expectationsof. cast out oerb To rid one'smind of. cast roun 1. A dispositionof the facial featuresthat conveys meaning,feeling or mood. 2. The external outline of a thing. 3. A shadeof a color, esp.a pale or delicatevariation. 4. A model for makinga mold. 5. A classthat is deffnedbv the commonattribute or attributes possessed by ill its members. 6. An act of throwing. 7. Somethingthat is foretold by or as if by supernatural means. cast aboul oerb cast away oerb cast down oerb castigate oerb To criticize for a fault or offense. cast out oerb castrate oerb To render incapableof reproducingsexually. castration rwun The act or an instanceof makingone incapableof reproducingsexually. CaSuaf adiectioe 1. Unconstrainedby rigid standards. 2. Occurring unexpectedly. casUalneSS rwun Lack or avoidanceof formality. CaSUalty twtrn l. An unexpectedand usu.undesirableevent. 2. A terminationof life, usu. as the result of an accidentor a disaster. 3. One that is madeto sufferrnjury, loss,or death. casuistry rruun Plausiblebut invalid reasoning. cataclysm noun 1. An occurrenceinflicting widespreaddestructionand distress. 2. An abundant,usu.overwhelmingffow. 3. A momentousor sweepingchan[e. cataclysmal ad:iecthse catacfysmic alsocataclysmal a.diecthse Causingruin or destruction. catacomb rwun A purial place or receptaclefor humanremains. catalog oerb b rwun

3. c.,.u,cur..lrr. 4. onstcN oerb. 5. rnnow oerb. 6. ssno oerb. 7. urscenny.

SEEK.

wng.cx Derb. 1. orpnpss. 2. orsepporvr.

DISMISS.

1. pxpnrssroN. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ronu rtoun. rrvr nuun. ronrvr nDun. xrrv#.

6. rnnow rwun. 7. pnopurcy. srr cast. sEECaSt. spn cast. cALL DowN at call. sEECaSt. STERILIZE.

STERILIZATION.

1. rasycorNc. 2. eccronNrer adiectioe. INFORMALITY.

1. eccmrvr. 2. rerer-rry. 3. vrcrru. FALLACY.

1. orsesrrn. 2. rr,ooo rwun. 3. nnvolurrom. spn cataclysmic. FATAI,. cnewl.

srn catalogue.

catechism

139 catalogue alsocatalog oerb To register in or as if in a book. catalogue also catalog nuttn A series of names, words, etc., printed or written down.

catalyst noun

rtsrl oerb. Lrsrr ttoun.

An agent that stimulates or precipitates a reaction, develbpment, or change: a biochemical catalyst used in testing uozsa catalyst for good.

Syns: alterant, ferment, leaven, leavening, yeast.

An abundant, usu. overwhelming flow.

FLOOD fWUn.

cataract rmun

catastrophe noun An occurrence in.flicting widespread destruction and distress. ad,iectioe catastrophic Causing ruin or destruction. rruttn catcall Any derisive sound of disapproval. oerb catch 1. To get hold of (something moving): The outfielder caught the f.y ball. 2. To gain possessionof, esp. after a struggle or_chase. 3. To gt*p at (something) eagerly, forcibly, and abruptly with the jaws. 4. To gfun control of or an advantage over by o-r as if by irapping: hoping to catch her in her oun lies' 5. To have a sudden, overwhelming effect on. 5. To become or cause to become stuck or lodged: The bone caught in his throat. 7, Ta make secure. 8. To come upon, esp. suddenly or unexpectedly. 9. To deliver la powerful blow) suddenly and sharply. 10. To become affected with a disease. 11. To perceive, esp. barely or feeUngly: caught a glintpse of the Presid'ent's mntorcade. t2. to perceive and recognize the meaning of. 13. To go aboard (a means of transport). catch on oerb Infonnat. To perceive and recognize the meaning of. catch uP oerb 1. To come up even with (another): runninghard to catch up uith the other ioggers. 2. To draw in in such a way that extricaUon is difficult. 3. To compel the attention, interest, imagination, etc., of. catch rmun l. The act of catching, esp. a sudden taking and holding: retrieped the f'yauay hat with a leaping catch. 2. A device for fastening or for checkingmotson: The catch of mA necklace broke. 3. Infonnal. A tricky or unsus_pectedcondition: an ofer so gerwrous that l'm sure there's a catch to it. a. hformal. A person or thing-worth catching: uas cixidered quite a catch in his daY. adiectioe catching Capable of transmission by infection. catch on oerb catch uP oerb

DISASTER.

FATAL. IIISS NOUN.

l. Syns; clutch, gab, nab, seize, snatch. -Idiurn lay hands on. 2. r*,n oerb. 3. sx.*p oerb. 4. Syns: enmesh, ensnare, entangle, entrap, sniue, tangle, trammel, traP, web. 5. suzr. 6. Syns; fix, lodge, sUck. rnsrpr.I. rtxn oerb. l;.tr oerb. corvrntcr oerb. Syns: descry, detect, discern, espy, get (lnformal), spot, sPY. 12, uxonnsrAND. t3. r*'n oerb.

7. 8. 9. 10, ll.

UNDtsRSTAND. L. Syn: overtake. 2. twor,vn. 3. cnw oerb. 1. Syns: clutch, grab, seizure, snatch'

2. Syns: clasp, fastener, hook. 3. Syns; rub, snag. 4. Syns: plum, prize.

COMMUNICABLE.

sEEcatch. seB catch.

catechism rwun A set of questions or exercises designed to determine knowledge or skill.

TF'ST |MUN.

catechization

140

catechization rwun A set of questionsor exercisesdesignedto determine TEST noun, knowledgeor skill. categoricSl ad,iectioe Clearly, fully, a-ndsometimesemphaticallyexpressed. DEFINITE. CaregOrfZe oerb 1. To assignto a classor classes. L. crtss oerb. 2. To distribute into groupsaccordingto kinds. 2. essonr. category rroun A subdivisionof a larger Soup. CLASS |WUN, cater to oerb 1. To comply with the wishesor ideasof (another). l. Huruon oerb. 2. To treat with indulgenceand often overtendercare. 2, sArv aerb. caterwaul oerb To quarrel noisily. nntwt aerb. catharsis noun A-free,rngfrom sin, guilt, or defilement. PURIFICATION. cathartic- adiectirse Of, relatingto, or tending to eliminate. ELIMINATIVE. catholic ailiectiae Sopervasiveand all-inclusiveasto existin or affect the uNrvERsAL adiectiae. whole world. catholicon nnun Somethingbelievedto cure all humandisorders. PANACEA. catf ike adiectioe So slow, deliberate,and secretasto escapeobservation. STEALTHY. catnap rwun A brief sleep. NAP noun. catnap oerb To sleepfor a brief period. xl.r oerb. cat's-paw alsocats.p^aw noun A personusedor controlledby others. pewN2. CaUSg rwun l. That which producesan effect: Scientistsare seeking l. Syns: antecedent, reason. the causeof carrcer. 2. A basisfor an acUonor decision:gaue his wifu cause 2. Syns: ground, motivation, motive, to be angry. reason, spring. 3. That which providesa reasonor iustification: 3. Syns; call, justification, necessity, causefor ala,nn. occasion. 4. A goal or set of interests served with dedication: working in the cause of peace. 5. Law. A legal proceeding to demand justice or enforce a right. cause oerb To be the cause of: a loss tlwt cawed pain. Dnmken d,rioers oftm cawe accid,ents.

caustic adiectioe 1. So shalp as to cause mental pain. 2. Given to or expressing sarcasm.

causticity rwun

Ironic, bitter humor designed to wound.

caution rwun l. Careful forethoughtto avoid harm or risk: ctimbed the by stepswith caution. 2. Advice to beware,as of a personor thing. 3, Cautiousattentiveness. 4. The exerciseof goodjudgmentor commonsensein practical matters.

4. Syn: crusade. 5. r-ewsurr.

Syns; bring about, effect, efiectuate, engender, generate, induce, ingenerate, lead to, make, occasion, produce, result in, secure. -Idioms bring to pass (ar efiect), give rise to. 1. srtrNc. 2. sencesrrc. SARCASM.

1. Syns; calculation, carefulness, circumspection, gingerliness, precauUon, wariness. 2. wenryrlrc noun. 3. canr rnun. 4. pnuorrsct.

celebrate

t4L 5. An instance that warns or discourages prospective imitators. caution oerb To notify (someone) of imminent danger or risk. adiectioe cautionary Giving warning: sent him a cautiona.ry I'etter before he filed suit. adiectioe cautious TDnttg attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error. CaVe rmun A hollow beneath the earth's surface: Water trickled out of the caoe. cave in oerb the heaoy snaw. l. To fall in: The roof carsedin fr* 2.lnfornwl. To be unable to hold up. 3. To suddenly lose all health or strength. 4. To give way mentally and emotionally. CaVeat rwun Advice to beware, as of a person or thing. cave in oerb CaVgfn rwun A hollow beneath the earth's surface. CaVernOUS adiecthse l. Open wide. 2. Curving inward. oerb cavil To raise unnecessary or trivial objections.

5. rxeuple.

WARN.

Syns: admonishing,admonitory, monitory, warning. WANY.

Syns; cavern, gotto.

1. Syns.'break down, buckle, collapse, glve, go. 2. r;nNDoerb. 3. cor.lepsg oerb. 4. snrex DowN. WARNING |MUN.

sEEcave. CAVE.

1. vewxrNc. 2. nor-r-ow adiectirse. QUIBBLE.

caviler noun A person who finds fault, often severely and willfully. adiecthse caviling Inclined to iudge too severely.

CRITIC.

A space in an otherwise solid mass. oerb cavOrt To leap and skip about PlayfullY. Cease oerb 1. To bring or come to a natural or proper end. 2. To stop zuddenly, as a conversation, activity, relatiorship, etc. 3. To come to a cessation. 4. To prevent the occurrence or continuation of a movement, action, or operation. Gease rwun A concluding or terminating.

IjOLE

CRITICAL.

cavity noun

ftown.

GAMBOL.

t. crossr oerb. 2. suspnxn. 3. srop oerb. 4. srop oerb.

ENDfWUn.

cease.fire rwun

A temporarycessationof hostilitiesby mutual consent of the contendingParties. ceaseless ad,iectioe Existing or occurring without internrption or end. cede oerb claim, or riglrt._ l. To glve up a possession, 2. To 6ttangethe ownershipof (property)by meansof a legal document. ceiling twun 1. The geatest amountor number allowed. 2. \he lreatest quantity or higlrestdegree attainable. celebrate oerb 1. To mark (a day or event)with ceremoniesof respect,festivity,or rejoiciTg:We ahnayscelebrate Cf*urws with PraYersand.carols. in an event, esp' by 2, To showhappy-satisfaction

TRUCE.

CONTINUAL.

l. esorceru. 2. rneNsrnn.

1. r-rurr noun. 2. uexmuM rtolttt. 1. Syns: commemorate, keeP, observe, solemnize. 2. Syns: rejoice, revel. -ldionts

kill the

celebrated

r42

^ merrymaking: celebrated by gioing a parttJ. 3. To pay tribute or homage to. cefebrafed adiectioe Widely known' and esteemed.

EMINENT.

cefebraiion noun l. Theact of observing a dayor eventwith

1. Syns; commemoration, observance.

ceremonies: the celebration,of Passooer. 2. The act of showing huppy satisfaction in an event: During the gradwtion celebration speeches u)ere mad"e. 3. A big, exuberant party. Cefebrity- noun 1. Wide recognition for one's deeds. 2. A famous person: All the celebrities anioed for the prmfidre of the plny. ceferitous adiectiue Characteri zed by great celerity. ceferity nau,n 1. Rapidness of movement or activity. 2. Rate of motion or performance. cefestial adiecthse l. Of or relating to the heavens. 2. Of or relating to heaven. CenSOf oerb l. fo ex-amine(material) and remove parts considered harmful or improper for publicaUon or transmission: censoring the prisorcr's mail. 2. To keep from being published or transmitted: ceruored the rrcus starq. censorious adiectine Inclined-to -judge too severely. censurable aiiectiDe Deserving blame. CenSUfe oerb 1. To find fault with. 2. To feel or express strong disapproval of. Gensure fbun A finding fault. Centef nuun l. A point or area equidistant from all sides of something: put the fnuers in the center of the table. ^ 2. A point of origin from which ideas, influeirces, etc., emanate: tried to get to the center of the problem. 3. A place of concentrated activity, influencl, or importance: New York is a great urbon center. center aerb To direct toward a common center. center ad;iecthse At, in, near, or being the center. centraf adjectirse l. At, in, near, or being the center: the central part of the state. 2. Dominant in importance or influence. 3. Not extreme. cerebral adiectirse l. Relating to or performed by the mind. 2. Appealing to or engaging the intellect.

cerebrate oerb I- To use.the powers of the mind, as in conceiving drawing inferences, and making ludgmenEs. ^ f"*, 2. To consider carefully and at length. " "

fatted calf, make merry. 3. HoNon oerb.

2. Syns: festivity, merrymaking, rejoicing, revelry, revels. 3. nr,esr nuun. 1. reun. 2. Syns: hero, luminary, name, notable, personage. -ldioms big name, person of note. rlsr adiectioe. 1. rresrn twun. 2. sprro twun. l. nnevnNr.y. 2. unevrxr,y. 1. Syns; bowdlerize, expurgate, screen.

2. Syns: ban, black out, hush up, stifle, suppress. -Idiurn put the lid on. CRITICAL. BLAME\MORTHY.

l. nuv.r, aerb. 2. orpr.onn. BLAME NOUN.

l. Syns: middle, rnidpoint, midst. 2. Syns: bottom, core, focus, heart, hub, quick, rootl. 3. Syns; focus, headquarters, heart, hub, seat. coNcENTnArn oerb. CENTRAL.

l. Syns: center, medial, median, mid, middle. 2. prvorar,. 3. uropr.r adiectirse. 1. unrtrer.. 2. nvrrr.r,ncruAr. adiectioe. 1. rHrvr. 2. poxonn.

chafing

143 cerebration nou,n The act or process of thinking. adiecthse Ceremonial Of or characterized by ceremony. ceremonial rwun A formal act or set of acts prescribed by ritual. adiectioe ceremonious Fond of or given to ceremony: The lapanese are a ceremonious people, CefemOnlOUSneSS noun Strict observance of social conventions. CefemOny rwun 1. A formal act or set of acts prescribed by ritual: perforrned the wedd,ing ceremonA. 2. A ionventional social gesture or act without intrinsic PurPose. 3. Strict observance of social conventions: welcomed the pope uith great cetenwrlq. ad.iectioe certain 1. Sure to hapPen: certain death. 2. In a definite and final form; not likely to change. 3. Established beyond a doubt: It is absolutely certain that chaos will result.

4. Such as could not possibly fail or disappoint. 5. Having no doubt. 6. Known positivelY. adoerb certainlY l. Without question. 2. It is so; Elsyou say or ask.

certainty noun 1. The fact or condition of being without doubt. 2. A clearly established fact: It is by no nteans a certainty that a oints catnes mncer.

certify

oerb

1. To confirm formally as true, accutate,or genuine:this lener certifiesthat the beareruas ernployedby us. 2.To assumeresponsibilityfor the quality, worth, or durability of. certitude nou,n The fact or condition of being without doubt. cessation rwun 1. A concludingor terminating. 2. The condition of being stoPPed. 3. The act of stoPPing. CeSSPit rwtrn A place known for its great filth or corrupUon. COSSPOOInoun A place known for its great filth or corruption' chafe oerb 1. To make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction: chafed her krwe when shefell ott the con'ctete' 2. To worry over trifles. 3. To trouble the nervesor peaceof mind of, esp' by repeatedvexations. chaff oerb To teaseor mock good-humoredlY. chafing adiectiae Being unable to endure irritation or opposition'

THOUGHT,

RTTUALadiectioe. CEREMONY.

Syns: conventional, courtly, formal, polite, punctilious. CEREMONY.

1. Syns; ceremonial, liturgy, observance, office (Eccl.es.),rite, ritual, service. 2. nrruer- nuun. 3. Synst ceremoniousness,formality, protocol. 1. Syns; inescapable, inevitable, unavoidable. 2. rrnur. 3. Syns; inarguable, incontestable, incontrovertible, indisPutable, indubitable, irrefutable, positive, sure, undeniable, undisputable, unquestionable. 4. sunn. 5. sunn. 6. onnwrtE. l. assor-urpr-v. 2. vns adnerb. 1. sunpr.ipss. 2. Syn: cinch (Slnng). -Idimn

sure thing.

1. Syns; attest, tesUfy, vouch for, witness. -Iilimn bear witness to. 2. cueneNrsn oerb.

SURENESS.

1, nxp rwun, 2, srop noun. 3, srop rwun.

'r'r'#, *rade, 2. russ oerb. 3. ersxov.

1or,noerb. IMPATTENT.

excoriate, fret, galF.

chagrin

144

chagrin noun Self-consciousdistress. chagrin oerb To cause (a person) to be self-consciously distressed. chagrined adiectioe Distressed and ill at ease. rwun chain l. A number of things placed or occurring one after the other. 2. An unbroken sequence of events.

chains noun . Somethingtha! physicallyconfinesthe legsor arms. Cnallenge aerb l. To take a standagainst. 2. To confront boldly and courageously. 3. To call on anothei to do ro-""thing r"quiring boldness. 4. To come near in quallty, amount,etc. challenge noun l. An act of tauntinganotherto do somethingbold or rash. 2. Behavioror an act that is intentionallyprovocative. .3. The act oj expressingstrongor reasonedopposiUon. champ alsochomp ,:erb 1. To seize,as food, with the teeth. 2. To bite and grind with the teeth. champion adieititse Exceptionaltygood of its kind. champion oerb To aid the causeof by approvingor favoring. chance twun l. The quality sharedby random,unintended,or 2. 3. 4. 5.

unpredictable events or this quality regarded as the t cause of such events: left the the-result up to chance. The likelihood of a given event occurring: There,s oery linle charrce that he'll win the etec{ion. A favorable or advantageous combination of circumstances. A possibility of danger or harm. Al unexpected random event: We met quite by chance.

chance oerb 1. To take place by chance: lt chanced that she was there too. 2. To run the risk of. chance on (or upon) oerb To find or meet by chance. chance adiectit:i 1. Occurring unexpectedly. 2. Determined or marked by whim or caprice rather than reason. ChanCe Ort 1or upOn,l oerb chancy adiectioe l. Not afiording certainty. 2. Involving possible risk, loss, or inj"ry. change oerb 1. To make or become difierent: a seri.esof eoents that usill change the world. 2. To $ye up in,return for something else: *Would, you chnnge plrces uith me?" I osked.

EMBARRASSMENT. EMBANRASS.

EMBARRASSED.

l. srnrcs. 2. nuN rmun. BONDS.

1. coNrnsr oerb. 2. nnrv. 3. otnn oerb. 4. anvN- oerb. 1. oann noun. 2. orrrencr. 3. onlncuoN. l. srcn oerb. 2. cnrw. EXCELLENT.

supponr oerb. 1. Syns; fortuitousness, fortuity, fortune, hapr (A,rchaic), hazard, luck. 2. $yns: likeliness, odds, outlook, probability, prospect. 3. opponruNrry. 4. nlsx noun. 5. Syns: accident, fluke, fortuity, hapr (Archaic ), happenstance (ako happenchance). l. Syns; befall, hapr (Archaic), happen. 2. ruztno oerb. coME ACROSS at COme. l. eccrnnlrrAr, adiectioe. 2. ARsrrneny. sEEChance. 1. elrsrcuous.

1. Syns.'alter, modify, mutate,

2. Syns:commute,exchange,interchange, substitute,swap (a/soswop) (Informal), switch,trade.

characterize

145 3. To leave or discardfor another:cha'ngedplnnesin Chi,cago;changedthe subiect._ 4. To t"id". incapableof reproducingsexually' change (wun l. Th; processor result of makingor b-ecoming difieient: The changein her persorwlity was anmzing' 2. The processor result of giving a different form or z caltural chongesresultingfront' appearance occapationbYforeign trooPs. 3. The act of eichanging or substituting:a changeof clothes. changeable adiectine 1. Capableof or liable to change:changeablefall ueather.

3. Syns; shift, switch. 4. srrnrr.rzs. 1. Syns; alteration, modification, mutation, permutation, variation. 2. Syns: conversion, metamorPhosis, transfi guration, transformation, translation, transmutation. 3. Syns; commutatjon, exchange, interchange, shift, substitution' swaP (a/so swop) (Informal), switch, trade, transpositio n (also transposal ). 1. Syns: alterable, fuid, mutable, uncertain, unsettled, unstable, unsteady, variable, variant, various (Arctmic). 2. Moerr-r. 3. cepntcrous,

2. Changingeasily,asin expression. 3. Following no predictablepattern. changeover nou,n 1. rneNsrrroN. 1. The processor an instanceof passingfrom one another. to or stage state, form, 2. comvnnsrox. 2. A usu.physicalchangeof one thing into another' channel oerb coxnvcr aerb. To serveas a conduit. chant oerb SINC. To utter words or soundsin musicaltones. chaos rwun DISORDER IIOU,N, A lack of order or regulararrangement. chaotic adiecthse CONFUSED. Characterizedby physicalconfusion. char oerb rlvnv oerb. To undergoor causeto undergodamageby or as if by fire. char rwttn BVR.Nn0wn. Damagethat results from burning. noun character 1. Syns; complexion, disPosition, l. The combinationof emotional,intellectual,and make-up (aho makeuP), nature. moral qualiUesthat distinguishesan individual: mnn'sicharacter. great Goodnissis the foundntlon of a 2. quer-rrv. 2. A distinctiveelement. 3. Syns: fiber, honestY, integritY' 3. Moral or ethical strength:o Personof real principles, ProbitY, rectitude. character, 4. nBrnnsNcs. 4. Archait A statementattestingto personal qualifications,character,and dependability' 5. nnpurenoN. 5. Public estimationof someone. 6. Syns; persona, Personage. of the cast drama: or fiction in 5. A personportrayed chatacters. 7. orcxrtenY. 7. An important, influential person. 8. Syns; card (Slang), oddball (Sln,g), 8. Infonial. A personwho is appealinSlf odd or oddrty, original, quiz. pigewrs' the to talking curious: an old character 9. Syns; sign, symbol. 9. A conventionalmark used in a writing system: Chinesecharactersare rned in laparwse texts' characteristic adiectioe DISTINCTIVE. Servingto identify or set apart an individual or grouP' rwurt characteristic 1. quer-lrv. 1. A distinctiveelement. 2. uesrt. 2. An activity done without thinking' characterize rserb L. cu.t' oerb. 1. To describewith a word or term' 2. prsrrxcursn. different' or noticeable make 2.To

charade charade naun _The presentation of something false as true. charge aerb l. To place a burden or heavy load on: The ship's hold was charged with coal. 2. To be morally bound to do. 3. To place a trust upon. 4. To give orders to. 9. To regard as belonging to or resulting from another. 6. To make or become full; put into as much as can be held. (explosive material) into a weapon. Z. Io put 8. To cause to be filled with a particular mood or tone: an atnw*phere charged with excitement. 9, To make an accusaUonagainst. charge lraun 1. The function of watching, glrarding, or overseeing. !. A person who relies on inother foi support. 3. An authoritative indication to be obev-ed. 4. A charging of someonewith a misdeed. An^am-ountpaid or to be paid for a purchase. !. 6. A fixed amount of money charged fdr a privilege or service. 7. A swift advance or attack: a caoalry charge. 8. An act or course of action that is demandid of one. - as by position, custom, law, or religion. A quantity of explosivesput into a weapon. .9. Gnaflsma noun frg. p.oy"r or quality of attracting. . charitable adiictiae 1. Not strict or severe. 2. Concerned with human welfare and the alleviation of suffering,

1. Syns;burden,cumber,encurnber, freight, lade, load, saddle,tax, weigh, weight. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

col.lurr. rNrnusr. coMNr,c.No arrnrnurr pl.l.;raerb.

7. r,ol.o aerb. 8. Syns; freight, impregnate, permeate, pervade, safurate, suffuse, transfuse. 9. nccvsn aerb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

canr naun. orprrvouvr tloun. couuauo rwun. eccusenoN. cosr rmun. ror-r.r.

7. Syns: race, rush. 8. ourv. 9. loeo rlDun. ATTRACTION.

1. ror,nna.ur. 2. nunaeNrrARraN.

charitablenesi noun 1. Kindly, charitable interest in others. 2. Forbearing or lenient treatment.

charity noui

l. Kindly, charitable interest in others. 2. Kind, forgiving or compassionate treatment of or disposition toward otheis. 3. Forbearing or lenient treatment. .4. Something given to a charity or cause.

charlatan ,ni"

One who is not what he claims to be. charm oerb 1. To act upon with or as if with magic: charms the authorities into wriioing the regulatiorw. 2. To please greatly or irresistibly: charmed the audierrce toith the pas de deux. charm rwun . f The pllver or quality of attracting. 2. A small object worn or kept for i* ,rrppored magical - poweri wore a good-luck charm.

charmer rroun

One that seduces. charming adiectioe l. Pleasing to the eye or mind. 2. Giving great pleasure or delight. chart n{run An orderly, columnar display of data.

l. snNnvoLENcE. 2. ror,rneNcr. l. snNrrvoLENCE. 2. cnecn rmun. 3. ror-nneNcn. 4. ooNerroN. FANE NOUN.

l. Syns; bewitch, enchant, ensorcel, enthrall, entrance2, spell2, spellbind, witch. 2. Syns: beguile, bewitch, captivate, enchant, entrance2, fascinate.

Syns; amulet, fetish, juju, periapt, phylactery (Archaic), talisman. SEDUCER.

1. errnecrrvr. 2. onr.rcHrpur.. TABLE

TIAUN.

cheapen

t47 chart Derb 1. To form a strategr for. 2.To show graphic-ally the direction or location of, as by using coordinates.

charter oerb To engagethe temporaryuseof (something)for a fee. chary adiectioe l. TVi"S attentivelyto avoid danger,risk, or error. 2. Careful in the useof materialresources. chase perb To follow (another)with the intent of overtaking and capturing. chase twu,n The followtng of another in an attempt to overtake and capture. chaste adiectwe Morally beyond reproach,esp.in sexualconduct: o chasterwn. chasten oerb To castigatefor the purPoseof improving. chastise oerb To criUcizefor a fault or offense. chastity rwun The condition of being chaste:Victorinnidnasof chastitY. chat rwun 1. Spokenexchange. talk. 2. Incessantand usu.inconsequenUal chat oerb To engagein spokenexchange. chattel nuun A piece of equipmentfor comfort or convenience. chattels rwun One'sportable ProPertY. chatter oerb l. To talk volubly, persistently,and usu. clnttered for hous abwt his inconsequentially^: operatiort.

2. To talk rapidly, incoherently, or indistinctly. of short' 3. To makeor caoseto makea succession sharp sounds. chatter no.rn Incessantand u2. inconsequentialtalk: I ilon't lwoe time for chatter, so I'Il get right to the point. chatty adiectioe 1. Given to conversation. 2" In the style of conversation. chaw oerb Regiorut. To bite and grind with the teeth. cheaP ad;iectioe 1. Low in price: Tomatoesare cheapin Augnt' 2. Of decidedlYinferior quality. 3. Ungenerousiyor petUly reluctant to spendmoney' cheaPen oerb 1. To becomeor make lessin price or value'

l. ossrcx oefb. 2. pr-or oerb.

wtnn oerb. 1, wenv. 2. ncorgourcer,. PURSUE.

PURSUIT.

Syns;decent,modest,nice, pute, virtuous. connnct oerb. cALL DowN at call. Syns; decency, modestY, PudtY, virtue, virtuousness. 1. coNvnnsATIoN. 2. cnerrpr twtrn. coxvensnl oerb. FURNISHINC. EFFECTS.

1. Syns;babble,blabber, clack, gab (Infomwl), gas(Slan'g),go on (lifffinnl), iabber,jaw (Slang), paiaver,prate, Prattle, ratde on, run ott, spiellShd, yak (Slnng).-ldims rutt ofi at the mouth, shoot the breeze (or the bull). 2. r,ABal*.oerb. 3. netrr.r. Syns; babble, blab, blabber, chat, chitchat, gabQnformal), jabbe! palaver, prate, prattle, yak (Slang). -ldiorn' smill talk. 1. ter-retnm. 2. corwrnsATroNAl. CHE\il.

L. Syns: inexpensive, low, low-cost" lowpriced. 2. snopov. 3. snNcv. 1. oppnsclATE.

cheapskate 2. To lower in character or quality. cheapskate also cheap skati rwun _Slnng.A stingy person. cheat oerb f . T9 get money or something else from by deceitful trickery: cheated the American India,rw'out of their lnnd.

2. To be sexually unfaithful to another. cheat rroun l. An act of cheating: He pulled of a big cheat ushen he sold us that car. 2. A person who cheats: is a meak and a cheat.

cheater noun A person who cheats. check noun 1. The act of examining carefully. 2. The act of stopping. check oerb 1. To look at carefully or criticallv. subject to a tesi of knowledge or skill. ?. lt 3. To subject to a procedure that Lcertains effectiveness, value, proper function, or other quality. prevent from accomplishing a purpose. 1. f" .5. To control, restrict, or arrest. 6. To prevent the occurrence or conUnuation of a movement, action, or operation. check in oerb t7foryrml. To come to a particular place. check out aerb l. To be compatible or in correspondence. .2. llqng. To ceaseliving. check in oerlt checkmate oerb Toprevent from accomplishing a purpose. . check out tserlt

checkup rmun 1. A medical inquiry into a patient,s state of health. 2. The act of examining .a'r"f.rtty. cheek noun l- The state or quality of being impudent. 2. Excessive and arrogant self--co#dence. cheekiness noun Excessive and arrogant self-confidence. cheeky adiectioe l. Rude and disrespectful. 2. Having or exhibiting excessiveand arrogant self_ confidence. cheer noun A condition of supreme well-being and good spirits. cheer oerb l. To give great or keen pleasure to. 2, To express approval, esp. by clapping. cheer (on) oerb To impart courage, inspiration, and resolution to.

2. oesesn. MISEN.

1. Syns; bilk (S/ang), chisel (Slang), cozen, defraud, diddle (Slnng), do (Slang-),fimflam (Slang), gull, grp (also 8lrn) Qyfonr*l), mulct, rook (Slnng), stick (Slang), sting (Slang), swindll, take, trim (Informal), victimize. 2. pH[,er.IDnn oerb. l. Syns; flimflam (Slang), - fraud, gyp (Informal), swindle. 2. Syns: cheater, chiseler (Stnng), crook (Inforrnnl), diddler (Slang), flimfamme r (Slang), g,p (Informal), S?per (lnformal), sharper, swindler, trickster. CHEAT NOUN. 1. nxaMnlerroN. 2. srop nnun. 1. nxelurwB.

2. rnsr oerb. 3. rssr aerb.

4. r'nusrnerp. 5. nrsrnew. 6. srop oerb.

ARRIVE.

l. acnns. 2. orc. snr check. FRUSTRATE.

sBn check. EXAMINATION. EXAMINATION.

1 . IMPUDENCE. 2 . PRESUMPTION. PRESUMPTION.

1. urapuoeur. 2. pnrsuurTuous.

HAPPINESS.

oBrtcrrr oerb. APPLAUD. ENCOURAGE.

chief

r49 cheer (up) oerb To impart strengthand confidenceto. cheerful ad.iectioe l. Being in or showinggood spirils: gaoea cheerful uarseof the hnnd to the onlookers. 2. Providingjoy and Pleasure. cheerfulness rwun A condition of supremewell-berngand good spirits. cheering adiectioe Inspiring confidenceor hoPe. cheerless adiecthse Dark and depressing. cheery adiectioe 1. Being in or showinggood spirits. 2. Providingjoy and Pleasure. cheesY adiecthse Slang.Of decidedly inferior quality. chef noun A personwho preparesfood for eating. chef d'oeuvre rwun Frerwh.An outstandingand ingeniouswork' cherish oerb 1. To have the higlrestregard for cherishedtheir friendshtP. 2.io recognzethe worth, quality, importance,etc', of' cherubic adiecthse Of or like a babY. chew oerb To bite and grind with the teeth: Many athl'etescheu tobacco. chew out oerb Sl*rg.To criticize for a fault or offense' chew over oerb To considercarefully and at length. chew out oerb chew over oerb chic adiecttue Being or in accordancewith the current fashion' chicanery rwtn Lack of straiglrtforwardnessand honestyin action' chicken nou,n Slmrg.An ignoble, uncourageousperson' chicken adiectioe Slnng.Ignoblylackingin courage. chicken feed rwun Stang.A smallor trifing amountof money' chickenhearted adiectioe Ignobly lackingin courage. chide oerb To criticize for a fault or offense. chiding raoun Words expressiveof strongdisapproval' chief od,iectioe 1. Most important, influential, or significant' 2. Having or exercisingauthority' chief nottn 1. One who is highestin rank or authority:mnkesout a ueekly rePortfor his chief'

ENCOURACE.

1. Syns; bright" cheery, chipper (Infomwl), h"pPy, lighthearted, sunny. 2. cr.ap. IIAPPINESS. ENCOURAGING. GLOOMY.

1. cnnnnrur-. 2. cr.eo. SHODDY.

cooK fwun. MASTERPTECE.

1. Syns; prrze,treasure.-ldiornhold dear. 2. eppnBcretn. BABYISH.

Syns; champ (aho chomP), chaw (Regionnl), chumf, crumP, crunch, masticate, munch. cALL DowN at call. PONDER.

ssn chew. snr chew. FASHTONABLE. INDIRECTION.

COWARD.

COWARDLY. PEANUTS.

COWARDLY.

cALL DowN at call, REBUKE |IAUN.

1. pnruenv. 2. pnrxcrplr.. 1. Syns; boss, chieftain, director, head, headman, hierarch, honcho (lnfonrwl)' leader, master. -lilion s cock of the walk, first fiddle.

chieftain 2. A professionalpoliUcianwho controlsa party or poliUcal machine. chieftain rontn l. One who is highestin rank or authority. 2. Shng. A professionalpolitician who controls a party or political machine. 'r*r^ child 1. A^yggg personbetweenbirth and puberty: a grury of children with their teacher.

2. soss rmun.

1. cnrnr noun. 2. soss twun.

1. Syns; bairn (Scot.), bud, innocent, juvenile, lruid(Infomwl), moppet, totr, youngster. 2. orscpr.roA\rt rwun.

2. One descendeddirectly from the sameparentsor ancestors. person. 3. nvNocrxr rwun. 1. { gutt"less,unsophisUcated 4. One who is not yet tegally oi age. 4. rrawon noun. chifdbearing twun BIRTH TM,N. . f..h: f! or processof bringing forth young. childbirth rwun The act or processof bringing forth young. BIRTH NOUN. chifdish afiectioe Of or characteristicof a child, esp.in immaturity: Syns; babyish, immafure, infantile, - t|?i!4i"h, sulkingbehaoirn. juvenile, puerile. childfess adieithn BARRENadiectirse. . Yq*I" to produce ofispring. childf ike adiectioe Of or like a babv. BABYISH. children naun Thosedescendedfrom another. DESCENDANTS. chif l a"diecthte l. cor-p adiectioe. f . llarked by a low temperature. 2. Lacking all friendlinesl and warmth. 2. cor,o adiectioe. chill noun Relativelack of warmth. coLD rwun. chilliness rwun Relativelack of warmth. coLD fwun. chilfy adiectioe l. cor.o adiectioe. f . Marked by a low temperature. 2. coor, adiectioe. .2. Not friendly, sociable,or warm in manner. Cnlme rraun Harmoniousmutual understanding. AGREEMENT. chime oerb To give forth or causeto grve forth a clear, resonant sound. chime in rnrb ^To interject remarksor questionsinto another'sdiscourse. INTERRUPT. chime in oerb sEEChime. chimera twun A fantastic,impracticableplan or desire. ILLUSION. chimerical alsochimeric a.d;iectioe 1. -Of,.pertaining to, or in the nature of an illusion; 1. rr,r.usrvr. lackingreality. 2. rvecrNeny. .2. Existing only in the imagination. chink noun A narrow partial openingcausedby splitting and CRACX noun. Tr. rupture. chin-tzy adiectioe Tastelesslyshowy. GAUDY. chip in oerb l. Infonrul. To $ve in commonwith others. 1. coNrnreurn. 2. To interject remarksor questionsinto another's 2. rvrnnnupr. discourse. chipper adiecthse l. Infnnwl. Being in or showinggood spirits. 1. cnnnnr.ur.

choosY

151 2. Yery brisk, alert, and high-spirited' chisel oerb Slnng.To get moneyor somethingelsefrom by deceitful trickery. chiseler rwun Slang.A personwho cheats. chitchat rwun Incessantand usu.inconsequentialtalk. chivalric adiectioe Respectfullyattentive,esp.to women. chivalrous adiectitse l. Characterizedby kindnessand concernfor others' 2. Characterizedby elaboratebut usu.formal courtesy' 3. Respectfrrllyattentive,esp.to women' chivalrousness nmnt, Respectfulattention,esp.toward women' chivalry noun RespectfulattenUon,esp.toward women' choate ad.iectioe or normal. Lacking nothingessenUal chocka blo ck af,iectit:e Completelyfilled. chock-lull alsochuck'full, choke'full adiectiae Completelyfilled. choice rwun 1. The act of choosing:Did' pice inflaenceyow choice? 2. The power or right of choosing:I had rw choicebut to accaPthis decisinn. 3. Unrestrictedfreedomto choose, 4. One that is selected. 5. That which is suPerlative. choice ad.iectine 1. Singledout in Preferenc-e 2. Of ine qualityi had"a choineglnssof usirw' 3. Appealingto refinedtaste. choke oerb 1. To interfere with or stop the normal breathingof, esp.by constrictingthe windpipe: chokedthe oictim to d'eath. 2. To stop the breathing of: a tight collar that ahrnst chokeshirn. 3. To hold (somethingrequirtttgan outlet) in check' 4. To plug up something,as a hole, space,or container' choke-full adiectioe choking naun The act of restrainingforcefully. choler nnun 1. A tendencyto becomeangryor irritable' 2. Violent or unrestrainedanger. choleric adiectine 1. Easily annoYed' 2. Feelingor showinganger. chomP oerb choose oerb l. To make a choicefrom a number of alternatives:

2. rwnrv. cnur

oerb.

CHEAT

TWUN.

CHATTER

TWUN.

cALLANT adiectioe. 1. sBNBvor.Er.TT. 2. cnecrous. 3. cer-r.exr adiectilse. GALLANTRY. GALLANTRY.

coMPLETEadiectioe. FULL. FULL.

l. Syns: election, option, preference, selection. 2. Syns: alternative, oPtion. 3. wrr.r,I rwun. 4. nr.rcr rwtn. 5. srst noun. 1. snr.ncr a.d,iecthse. 2. Syns: fine, first-class, superior, top-qualitY. 3. oBr.rcerr.

1.

throttle.

2. Syns: asphyxiate, smotlter, stifle, suffocate. 3. nppnpss. 4. nr.r-. sne chock-full. REPRESSION.

1. rnuprn noun. 2. runv. 1. tssrY. 2. eNcnv. see champ.

1 . Syns: cull, elect, oPt for, Pick (out),

single out. You'll haoe to choose u:hich cities you mnst usant to oisit. select, liker, please, want, willl desire, 2. Syns; do exactly 2. To have the desire or inclinauon to: I can -Idioms have a mind, see tit. wish. as I choose. adiectiae choosY NI Very difficult to Please.

chopr chopr oerb l. To bring down, as with a saw or ax. 2. To decrease,as.in length or amount,by or as if by _ severingor excising. chop noun . A quick, lh"tp blow, esp.with the hand. cnOp' oerb Naut. To turn asideshalply from a straightcourse. chore nou,n !. { qilce of work that hasbeen assigned. 2. A difficult or tediousundertaking. chortle aerb . To laugh quietly. chOsen adiectioe . Singledout in preference. CDOW noun Slnng.Somethingfit to be eaten. chow oerb .SF:g.To take (food)into the body as nourishment. christen oerb To give a nameor title to. chronic adiectine 1. 9f l.ongduration: sufferingfrom chroninfeelings of doubt. 2. Subjectto a diseaseor habit for a long time: a chronic alcoholic; a chronic liar. - 3. Familiar throughrepetition. chronicle nmun l. A recountingof past events. ,2.,+ chronologicaliecord of pastevents. Chubby adiectioe Well-roundedand usu.short in physique. chuckl perb L. lnforrnnl.To let go or get rid of as being no longer of use,value, etc, .2. lnfor.nwl.To put out by force. chuck2 rwun .Regional.Somethingfit to be eaten. chucks oerb .Obs-.!o- laughquietly. chuck-full idiectioe. chuckle tserb Tg.J"yghquietly: The baby cturckledwhite playing ufin nB tous. chuff rnui l. An unrefined,rude person. 2. A stingr person. chuff ad:iectioe Reeiorul. Broodinglyand sullenlyunhappy. chuffo adiectioe -Brit. Regiarnl. Broodinglyand sullenlyunhappy. chum twun . One who keepscompanywith another. CnUmmy adiectioe L. Infonnal. Yery closelyassociated. 2. Inforrnal. Of or befitting a triend or friends. chumpl noun ,Slang.^Apersonwho is easilydeceivedor victimized. CnUmpz oerb To bite and pgindwith the teeth. chunk noun An irregularly shapedmassof indefinite size.

L52 L. cur oerb. 2. cur BAcK.

9LAP noun. swEnvE. l. rasx naun.

2. resx rwun. CHUCKLE.

sELEcr adiectioe. FOOD. EAT.

Nt*rc oerb. l. Syns; continuing, lingering, persistent, prolonged, protracted 2. Syns: confirmed, habitual, habituated, inveterate. 3. eccusrourn. l, srony. 2. ursrony. PLUTVTPI.

l. orsceno. 2. n1ncr. FOOD. CHUCKLE.

srn chock-full. Syns; chortle, chuclC (Obs.).

l. soon. 2. ursnn. CLUM. GLUM.

ASSOCIATE rMUN.

l. reurr,ren adiectioe. 2. rnmxor.y. DUPE.ftoun. CHE\V. Luupl

nuun,

circular

153 chunky adiectioe Short,heavy,and solidly built. church rwun Thosewho acceptand practice a particular religious belief. church adiectioe Of or relatingto a church or to an establishedreligion. churchfy a.d,iectiae Of or relating to a church or to an establishedreligion.

STOCKY. FAITH.

sPIRITUAL. sPIRITUAL.

churchman noun A person ordained for service in a Christian church. lwun churl An unrefined, rude person. churf ish adiectitse Lacking in delicacy or refinement.

churn oerb 1. To canse to move to and fro violently. 2.To be in a state of emotional or mental turmoil.

PREACHER. BOOR. COARSE.

1. ecrrerB. 2. sou..

chutzpah noun Slang.Foolhardyboldnessor disregardof danger. cinch rwun t.lnformal. An easilyaccomplishedtask. 2. Slang.A clearly establishedfact. cinch oerb Sl*rg. To render certain. cincture oerb To encirclewith or as if with a band. cinerarium twun

TEMERITY.

A burial place or receptacle for human remains.

cRevEr.

1. snrrzr twun. 2. crnrerNrv. cuenex'rpn oerb. r,lr.tDr oerb.

cipher oerb To ascertain by mathematics. cipher twun A totally insignificant person. rwun circfe 1. A closed plane curve everywhere equidistant from a fixed point or something shaped like this: a bracelet that looks kke a circle of dianwnds. 2. A course, Process,or journey that ends where it began or repeats itself: dtooe full circle-Boston to New York and back. 3. A group of people sharing an interest, activity, or acfuevement: populnr in masinal circbs. 4. A particular social gouP. circle oerb 1. To move or cause to move in circles or around an axis or center. 2. To shut in on all sides.

circuit rwun l. A course, Process,or journey that ends where it began or repeats itself. 2. A closed plane curve everywhere equidistant from a fixed point or something shaped like this. 3. A line around a closed fig*" or area. 4. Circular movement around a point or about an axis. 5. An,area regularly covered, as by a policeman or reporter. 6. A group ol athletic teams that play each other. adiecthse circuitous Not taking a direct or straight line or course' adiectioe circular 1. Not taking a direct or straight line or course. 2. Having tlie shape of a curvi everywhere equidistant from a fixed Point.

CALCULATE. NONENTITY.

1. Syns; circuit, grre, orb (Archaic), ringr, wheel. 2. Syns:circuit, cycle, orbit, round, tour, turn. 3. Syns;crowd, group, set2. 4. cnowo nuun, 1. runx trarb. 2. sunnouro. 1. cmcr-erwun, 2. crncr.r rwun. 3. 4. 5. 6.

cmcuvrERENCE. npvor-uuoN. sner rtuttn. coNrnnENcE.

TNDIRE6T' l. rNornrcr. 2. nourvo.

circulate circulate aerb 1. To pass (something) out. 2. To move freely as a liquid. 3. To become known far and wide.

circulation twun Circular movement around a point or about an axis. circumference noun A line around a closed figure or area: walked around, the circumference of the property. circumlocutional adiectirse Characterized by excessive and obfuscatory wordiness.

circumlocutionary ad;iecti.rse

1. Drsrnrnutr. 2. w-ow aerb. 3. cer ABour. REVOLUTION.

Syns; ambit, circuit, compass, perimeter, periphery. TAUTOLOGICAL.

Characterized by excessive and obfuscatory wordiness. circumlocutious adiectioe Characterized by excessive and obfuscatory wordiness.

TAUTOLOGICAL,

Characterized by excessive and obfuscatory wordiness.

TAUTOLOGICAL.

circumlocutory adiectioe circumnavigate oerb

. To pass a-roundbut not through.

circumscribe aerb

To place a limit on. circumscribed adiectioe Kept within certain limits.

circumscription noun l. Something that limits or restricts. 2. The act of limiUng or condition of being limited.

circumspect adiectil:e

. TD.ug attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error. ClrCUmspeGttOn tnun l. Careful forethought to avoid harm or risk. 2. The exercise of good judgment or common sensein practical matters.

TAUTOLOGICAL.

sxtnt

oerb.

rttutlf

oerb.

RESTRICTED.

1. RnsrnrcrroN. 2. npsrnrcuoN. WARY. CAUTION NOUN. PNUDENCE.

circumstance rwun 1. One of the conditions or facts attending an event and having some bearing on it: Tell nithe circumstarrcesunder which you left, 2. Something that happens: a itctlm" of circumstance. .3. Something significant that happens.

circumstances noun

. Existing surroundings that affect an activity. circumstantial adiectiae Characterized by attention to detail.

circumvent oeib

1. To pass around but not through. -2. To ev_ade,as a topic, esp. by iircumlocution.

circumvolution noun

Circular movement around a point or about an axis. cite oerb 1. To refer to by name. -?:To bring forward and quote for formal consideration. citify oerbTo imbue with city wayq manners, and customs: After r lioing in New York for six mnnths she became .thoroughly citified. GfIlZen noun A person owing loyalty to and enUtled to the protection of a given state: an American citizen anested suspicion of spAing. .on CfIy noun A la:gj and important town: The city of Budapest straddles the Danube.

1.

fact, factor, particular.

2 . Syns: event,

incident,

occurrence.

3 . EVENT. CONDITIONS. DETAILED.

sxtnr oerb. sxrnr oerb. REVOLUTION.

xl*un oerb. pnpservr2oerb. Syns : metropolit anize, urbanize.

Syns: national, subject.

Syns; burg (Informnl), metropolis, municipality.

155

claimant

city adiectirse Syns: metropolitan, municipal, urban. city li'fu. Of, in, or belongingto a city: citg gorsernment; civic adiectitse PUBLTcad;iectine. Of, concerning,or affectingthe communityor the people. ci'iil adiectioe 1, counrnous. 1. Charactenzedbygood manners. 2. puslrc ad;iectioe. 2. Of.,concerning,or affectingthe communityor the people. civilities rwun AMEMTIES. and ease Courteousactsthat contributeto smoothness in dealingsand socialrelationships. civility ioun 1. counrnsv. 1. Well-manneredbehaviortoward others. 2. countnsv. 2. A courteousact. civilization rmun CULTURE. The total product of human creaUvityand intellect at a particular time. civilize oerb SOCIALIZE. To fit for companionshipwith others,esP.in attitude or manners. civilized adiectioe CULTURED. Characterizedby discriminatingtasteand broad knowledgeasa result of developmentor education. civif izing adiecthse CULTURAL. PromoUngculture. cfack twun 9NAP fWUn. A light, sha{pnoise. clack oerb l. sNer r:erb. l. To make a light, sharpnoise. 2. nerrr,n. clf short, 2. To make or causeto make a succession sharpsounds. 3, cnerrsn oerb. 3. To talk volubly, persistently,and usu. inconsequentially. cfacket aerb svrp oerb. Regionnl.To make a light, sharpnoise. cfad oerb L. onnss oerb. 1. To put clotheson. 2. prcn oerb. 2. To furnish with a coveringof a different material. clag oerb soND oerb. Brit. Regional.To hold fast to. cfaggly adiectioe STICKY. Re$onnl Having the property of adhering. claim oerb l. Syn; demand. -Idiorn lay claim to. 1. To assertone'srigfrt to claimed his shareof the prof,ts. 2. esssnr. 2. To defend,maintain,or insiston the recogniUonof (one'srights,for example). 3. Syns: allege, assert, contend, declare, 3. To stateto be true: cLaimsshe can unite poetry artd maintain, say. rwoelswith equal ease. claim rwun l. A legitimateor supposedright to demandsomething 1. Syns; dibs (Slang), pretense, pretension, title. as one'srtghtful due: the Arabs' cl"aimto lnnds conqueredby lsrael; keyboardoirtuosity as her claim to fame. 2. Syns: allegation, assertion, contention, 2. A statementof somethingas fact: an adoertisement declaration. that makesfalse claims. 3. rvrunrsr twun. 3. A right or legal sharein something. claimant noun 1. Syns; claimer, pretender. 1. One who setsforth a claim to a royal tttJe:The Corntedp Parisi"sthe cl.a'imantto the thronn of Frarrce.

claimer 2. Ane that makes a formal complaint, esp. in court. cfaimer nou,n One who sets forth a claim to a royal title. clamber oerb To move or climb hurriedly, esp. on all fours. clamor oerb to speak or say very loudly. clamor noun l. Soundsor a sound, esp. when loud, confused, or disagreeable. f. { !oud, deep, prolonged sound. 3. Offensively loud andlnsistent utterances, esp. of disapproval. . ClamOfOUS adiectitse Offensively loud and insistent. cfampdowi ttoun . lnformat. Sudden punitive action. cfan nutrn of people sharing common ancestry. _,{q_o_le clandestine adiectioe Existing or operating a wa-y so as to ensure complete inconcealment and confi dentiaiiw. / clandestinely adoerb In a secret way. cfap aerb 1. To strike, set down, or close in such a wav as to make a loud noise. 2_.To express approval, esp. by clapping. 3. To make a sudden sharp, explosive noise.

cfaptrap rwun

- Something that does not have or make sense. claret noun Slang.-The fuid circulated by.the heart through the vascular system.

2. coupr,erNAlrr. CLAIMANT, SCRAMBLE.

noen oerb. 1. Norsn noun. 2. noen rmun. 3. vocrrnnATroN.

VOCIFEROUS.

SUPPRESSION. FAMILY. sEcRET

adiectitse.

SECRETLY.

l. nl.Nc uerb. 2. eppr,auo. 3. cnrcx oerb. NONSENSE. BLOOD twttn.

cfarificatioh nyun l. Sgmethingthat serve-s to explainor clarify. .2..Jhe. act or processof remoiing physicalimpurities. cfarified adieiuoe esp.by a commercialrefiningprocess. .M39" pure, clarify oerb 1. To make clear or clearer: tried to clarify the point of lau for his client. 2. To make or becomeclear by the removalof impurities. clarity noun 1. ft: q"alt? of berngclear and easyto perceiveor understand:a photographremarknbt"fb, its claritu: an actor renoumedfor the clarity of his speech. 2. The conditionof being cleanani free of' contaminants.

clash oerb 1. To:ffi" together with a loud, harsh noise: cymbak closhing. 2. To fail to be in accord. cfash rruun 1. A brief, hostile exposure to or contact with ^ soyething, as danger, opposiUon, etc.

J. f

loudrTti"g tofether':a ctnshof cymbals.

r.** of disagreement and disharmony. 1. { 4. A discussion, discussion. often heated o ,t;. heated, in whi..h which a difierence of opinion is expressed.

1. nxpr-exerroN. 2. punmrcATroN. REFINED.

l. Syns.'clear, clear up, elucidate, illuminate. -Idiorn- shed (or throw ) light on (or upon). 2. nBrrNr.

1. -Slns; clearness, distinctness, limpidity, ^ lucidity, perspicuity, plainness. 2. punrry.

l. Syns: crash, smash. 2. corwr,rcr oerb. l. snusH twttn. 2. Syns: crash, smash. 3. cor.rrr,tcr rraun. 4. encuunnr.

clean

L57 cfashing adiectioe In sharp opposition. clasp rwun 1. A device for fasteningor for checkingmotion. 2. An act or meansof holding something. 3. The act of embracing. clasp oerb 1. To take firmly with the hand and maintain a hold on. 2. To put one'sarmsaroundaffectionately. class twun 1. A subdivisionof a larger group: the classof concertgoerswho enioy charnbertrunin. 2. A division of personsor things by q"Iity, rank, or grade: a painter of the highest class. 3. Degreeof excellence. a. Slang.High style in qualrty,manner,or dress:a neu) restaurantusithrcaI class. class oerb l. To asslgnto a classor classes:clnssedfqr*ert separaielyfrorn thoseuhose usorkentails only sensice. 2, To distribute into goups according to kinds. cfassic adiectioe 1, Having the nature of, constituting, or serving as a ty?e. 2. Characterizedby enduringexcellence,appeal,and importance. classical adiectwe l. Having the nafure of, constifuting, or serving as a type. 2. Characteizedby enduringexcellence,appeal,and importance. classification rwun A zubdivisionof a larger grouP. classified adiectioe Of or being information availableonly to authorized persons. clissify oerb 1. To assignto a classor classes. 2, To distribute into groupsaccordingto kinds. 3, To put into a deliberateorder. classy adiectine Slang.Being or in accordancewith the current fashion. cfatter oerb of short, shalp To make or causeto make a succession sounds. cfean adiectirse l. Free from dirt, stain, or impurities: clzalt cbthing clean usater. 2. Without imperfectionsor blemishes:the clean'lirles of a fne antrque. 3. Accordingto the nrles. 4, Free from evil and corruPtion. 5, Not lewd or obscene:a cleanioke. 6, Slang.Free from guilt or blame. clean oerb 1. To make or becomeclear by the removalof impurities. 2. To make or keep (an area)clean and orderly. clean out oerb 1. To removethe contentsof.

1. cercn noun. 2. nor-o rtou,n. 3. rMsnecE twun. L. cnxsp oerb, 2. pMsnecn oerb. l. Syns; category, classification, order, setz. 2. Syns: bracket, caliber, grade, league (lnfonwl), order, rankr, tier. 3. guer.rrr. 4. Syns: quality, refinement.

l. Syns; categorize, classify, grade, goup, pigeonhole, place, rankr, ratel. 2. essonr. 1, rvprcer,. 2. vrNrlcn a.diectine.

l. rvptcer-. 2. uxrecr

adiectioe.

CLASS tWUn. CONFIDENTIAL.

L. ct rss oerb, 2. essont. 3. ennercp. FASHIONABI.E. RATTLE.

1. Syns: antiseptic, cleanly, immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unnrllied. 2. Syns: perfecl regular. 3. 4. 5. 6.

sponmuervr-xr. rnNocrxr adiectiae. Syns; decent, modest, wholesome. rNNocnNr adiecttoe.

1. nnuxn. 2. rrr.v aerb. L. nvitr

oerb.

cleaner 2. Informal. To reduce to financial insolvencv. clean up oerb lnformal. To make a large profit: cleaned up on the stock market, cfean adrserb lnformal. To the fullest extent. cfeaner twun Something that purifies. "r-uncfeaning or process of removing physical impurities. ^,lhg..""a CfeanflneSS noun The condition of being clean and free of contaminants. cfeanly adiectioe Free from dirt, stain, or impurities. cfeanly adoerb a fair, sporting manner. .In CleanneSS rwun The condition of being clean and free of contaminants. cfean out aerb cleanse oerb 1. To make or become clear by the removal of impurities. 2. To free from sin, guilt, or defilement. cleanser rwun Something that purifies. . CleanSlng rroun act or process of removing physical impurities. l. Th: .2. A freeing from sin, guilt, or defiLment. Cfean Up perb cfear adiecthse 1. Free from what obscures or dims: a glassof clear, sediment-free clnret. 2. Free from clouds, mist, etc.: a clear dny. 3. Admitting light so that objects beyond can be seen. 4. Readily seen, perceived, or undeistood. seen_throughdue_to a lack of subtlety. 9. Ipilt 6. Clearly defined; not ambiguous. 7. Without any doubt. 8. Free from flaws or blemishes: a clear, mdinnt complexion. 9. Free from obstructions: The road ahead"is cbar. 10. Freed from contact or connection: The rope is c]ear of the scafolding.ll. Containing nothing. cfear oerb 1. To make clear or clearer. 2, To make or keep (an area) clean and orderly. 3. To become brighter or fairer: If the ueathir clears, u)e can enioy the picnic. 4. To free from something objectionable or undesirable. 5. To free from an entanglement; cleared hinwelf " unsatisfactory relaticnship. _ t*"-the 6. To destroy all traces of. 7. To rid of obstructions: cleared the streets for the motorcad,e. 8. To remove the contents of. 9. To free from,a clqge or imputation of gwlt: The iury clea.red the defendant oi the murdeT charge.

158 2. nvw aerb. Syns; batten, profit. -Idiorn killing.

make a

COMPLETELY. PURIFIER. PURIFICATION. PURITY.

cLEAN adiectiae. rlitn adtserb. PURITY.

snr clean. 1. nnrwr. 2. punrry. PURIFIER.

l. punmrcerrox. 2. punrrrcATroN. srp clean. l. Syns; limpid, lucid, pellucid, transparent. 2. Syns: cloudless, fair, finer, sunny, unclouded 3. rneNspeRENT. 4. nppnnnNr. 5. uxsusrls. 6. snenp adiectioe. 7. orcmnn. 8. Syns; flawless, unblemished, unbroken, unmarked. 9. Syns: open, unimpeded, unobstructed. 10. Syns; disengaged, free, unfastened. 11. nupry a.diectine. l. cr,e,ntry. 2. nox aerb. 3. Syns; brighten, clear up. 4. nrn. 5. Syns; disengage, disentangle, , extricate, untangle. 6. exNrurr-arr. 7. Syn: open. 8. nv,yrx oerb. 9. Syns; absolve, acquit, disculpate, exculpate, exonerate, purge (fod, vindicate.

clever

159 10. To be accePted or aPProved. 11. To passbybr over safely or successfuIly:Our car barely cleared the moufuift. 12. To set right by giving r*hat is due. 13. To make as income or Profit. clear out aerb Informal. To leave hastilY. clear up l. To become brighter or fairer. 2. To make clear or clearer. 3. To find a solution for. clear adoerb Infornwt. Alt the way Frorn here you can see clear to the park.

lO. pl-ss oerb. 11. Syns; hurdle, negotiate. 12. srrrr.e. 13. nerunv oerb. nvN oerb. L. crntn oerb. 2. cr.enrrv. 3. nssor.vE oerb. Syns: completely, entirelY, fullY.

cfearance rwun

The act or Process of eliminaUng. clear-CUt ad,iectioe 1. Without any doubt. 2. Clearly, ftrlly, and sometimes emphatically expressed. 3. Readily seen,perceived, or understood. 4. Having or suggestingkeen, discerning intellect.

ELIMINATION.

1 . DECTDED. 2 . DEFINITE. 3 . APPARENT. 4. INCISIVE.

clearness noun The quality of being clear and easy to perceive or understand.

cfear out oerb clear-sightedness noun Skill in perceiving, discriminating, or judging.

cfear up oerb cleave oerb 1. To crack or split into two or more fragmentsby meansof or as a result of force, a blow, or strain. 2.To separateinto parts with or as if with a sharpedgedinstrument. 3. To separateor pull apart by force. cf eft rmun 1. An opening,esp.in a solid structure. 2. A usu.nariow pattial openingcausedby splitdng and rupture. clemency noun treatmentof or Kind, forgrving,or compassionate dispositiontoward others. clement ad;iectioe Not strict or severe. clench oerb To take firmly with the hand and maintaina hold on. clench rw)un An act or meansof holding something. cfergyman rmun A p-ersonordainedfor servicein a ChrisUanchurch. cleric rwun A personordainedfor servicein a Christianchurch. clerilcal twun A personordainedfor servicein a Christianchurch. clerk rwun Archaic. A personordainedfor servicein a Christian church. clever adiectioe 1. Mentily quick and original: the child is cl'eoerbut rnt brilliant.

CLARITY.

snnclear. DISCERNMENT.

sen clear. l. snnllr oerb. 2. cvr oerb. 3. rBenl. 1. snpecH noun. 2. cnecx tuaun.

GRACE IWITN.

iOLERANT.

cntsp oerb. HOLD twn. PREACHER. PREACHER. PREACHER.

PREACHER.

l. Syns; alert, bright, intelligent, keenr, quick-witted, sharP, sharP-witted, smart. -Idiom smart as a tack (or whip).

clew 2. Amusing or pleasing because of wit or originality: made the audiencelaugh uith a few cleoZr, offb*t comparisons. 3. Exhibidng or possessingskill and ease in performance. 4. Astute but lacking in ethics or principles. clew noun cf ichS nornr expression or idea: a short story maned by { {rt: clichds. clich6 ad;iectirse Without freshness or appeal due to overuse. cfick rwun A light, shary noise. click oerb l. To make a light, sharp noise. 2. Slang. To turn out well. 3. Inforntal. To interact with another or others in a meaningfirl fashion. cf ient norit One who buys goods or services.

cfientele rwun"

Customers or patrons collectivelv. i cf imacteric adiectirse So serious as to be at the point of crisis. cf imactic ad;iecthse Of or constituting a climax: The climantic mornent of J the eoent was the presentation, of the ausard. climate naun l. The totality of surrounding conditions and circumstances afi-ecting Sowth or development. 2. A prevailin_g quality, as of ttrought, behav'ior, or attitude, of a given period.

cf imatize oerb To make resistantto hardship,esp.through continued exposure. cf imax rwun l. high^":tpoint or state:a public figur" at the T. climax of his populnrity 2...The greatestquantity or highestdegree attainable. climax oerb To reach or bring to a climanz The mooie climaxeswith -yealisticscenesof an inoasi.on. climb oerb 1. Io moveupward on or along. 2. To attain a higher status,ranl, o, condition. climb rwun The act of movingupward on or along. climbing rwun llhe act of moving upward on or along. cf inch oerb l. To take firmly with the hand and maintaina hold on. 2. Slang.To put one'sarmsaroundaffectionatelv. clinch rn)un Fl^g.The act of embracing. cfincher noun InforrruI. Something,esp.somethingheld in reserve, that givesone a deCisiveadvantage) cf ing oerb To hold fast to.

160 2. Syns: scintillating, smart, sparkling, sprightlS witty. 3. onxrrnous. 4. srrenp adiectioe. snB clue. Syns; banality, bromide, commonplace, platitude, stereotype, truism. TRITE. SNAP NOUN.

1. suepoerb. 2. succrno. 3. nrr-eru.

PATRON. PATRONAGE. CRITICAL.

Syns: crowning, culminating, peak.

1. rrwrnoxnBrvr. 2. mupnn naun.

HARDEN.

1. Syns; acme, apex, apogee, crest, crown, culmination, height, meridian, payoff (lnfornwl), peak, pinnacle, zummit, zenith. 2. rvreXnrUv.fmln. Syls: cap, crown, culminate, peak, top off. 1. lscnrvo. 2. ntsg Derb. ASCENT. ASCENT.

l, cnrsp oerb. 2. nlrsnecn oerb. EMBRACE NOUN.

TRUMP |IDU,N.

soND

aerb.

161 clink noun Sl*rg.A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention. cf ipl oerb 1. To decrease, as in length or amount, by or as if by severing or excising. 2. lnforrnal. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenly and sharply. 3. Slang. To exploit (another) by charging too much for something. clip rwun L. Inforrrwl. A quick, shary blow, esp. with the hand. 2. lnformal. -oerb Rate of motion or performance. cliPz 1. To join one thing to another. 2. Brit. Regionnl. To put one's arms around affecUonatelv. oerb clitter To make or cause to make a successionof short, shalp sounds. cloak aerb 1. To surround and cover completely so as to obscure. 2. To cover as if with clothes. 3. To change or modify so as to prevent recognition of the true idenUty or character of. 4. To prevent (something) from being known. cloak rwun 1. A garment wrapped about a person. 2. A deceptive outward appearance. cfoak-and-dagger adiectioe ExisUng or operating in a way so as to ensure complete concealment and confi dentiality. oerb cfobber L. Slang. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competition. 2. Slnng. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenly and sharply. 3. Slang. To render totally ineffective by decisive defeat.

closer lArL rwun.

1. cur BAcK. 2. ntr oerb. 3. sxllt oarb.

1 . SLAP |IDUN. 2. SPEED TW'IN. 1 . ATIACH. 2 . nvrr;ntcn Derb.

( RATTLE.

L. wntp oerb. 2. cr.ornr. 3. orscursn oerb. 4. covnn oerb. 1. wnep noun. 2. regeon. sEcRETadiectitse.

t. onrnnt oerb. 2. nn oerb. 3. ovnnwnnr-u.

clobbering rwun Slang.The act of defeatingor the condition of being defeated. clock oerb To record the speedor duration of. clod nou,n l. An irregularlyshapedmassof indefinite size. 2. A large,ungainly,and dull-witted person. 3. An unpleasant,tiresomeperson. cfog oerb To plug up something,as a hole, space,or container. cfoggt adiecthse Having the property of adhering. cloister aerb To put into solitude. cloist'ered adiecth:e and shut off from society. Solitarv 'oerb clomp To make a dull soundby or as if by striking a surface with a heavyobject. cfoser ad;iecthse 1. Not far from anotherin space,time, or relation: cn

I

DEFEAT

rrn

TWIIN.

oerh.

1. r-uupl nou,n. 2. r.uupl nuu,n. 3. pnp rwrun. FILL. STICKY. SECLUDE. SECLUDED.

rsvo oerb.

1. Syns; immediate) near, near-atfiand,

(

close2 airport that is close to toun; a birthday close to my

2 . Having all parts near to each other. 3 . Mording little room for movement. 4. Nearly equivalent or even: a close race; a close election.

5. Stretched Ughtly. 6. Not deviating from correctness, accuracy, or completeness: keeping a close uatch on the prisoner. 7. Yery closely associated. 8. Not speaking freely or openly. money. ^ _f. lngenerously or pettily reluctant to spend lO. Oppressive due to a lack of fresh air. close oerb 1. To move an appropriate barrier into (an opening): Clnse the door behind yru. ?. T, plug tp something, as a hole, space, or container. 3. To cut off from sight. 4. To bring or come to a natural or proper end: She closes letters u:ith greetings. The play closed after ten performarrces. 5. To come together: His arms closed around, her in a tight embrace. close in oerb To surround and advance upon: The skyscrapers seemed to close in on us. close off oerb To set apart from a goup. close out oerb To get rid of completely by selling, esp. in quantity or at a discount. cfose rwun L. A concluding or terminating. 2. The last part. cfose adoerb To a point near in time, space, or relation: stuck close .together; standing close by. CIOSe' noun An-a_reapartially or entirely enclosed by walls or buildings. cfose-at-land adiectit:e Being within easy reach. close-by adiectiae Being within easy reach. close-fisted adiectioe Ungenerously or pettily reluctant to spend money. , CIOSe In oerb close-minded adiecthse l. Not tolerant of the beliefs, opinions, etc., of others. 2. Tenaciously unwilling to yieli. cfose-mouthed adiecth:e . Not speaking freely or openly.

cfose off r:irb close out oerb cfoset oerb

To encloseso as to hinder or prohibit escape. closing adiectioe Comingafter all others. cfosing rwun A concludingor terminating.

162 nearby, nigh, proximate. -Idionu at hand, under one's nose. within a stone's throw, within hailing distance. 2. rHrcr. 3. rrcHr adiectiae. 4. Syns: neck-and-neck (Informal), tight. 5. reur. 6. Syns; exact, faithful, full, rigorous, strict. 7. rnurr,nn adiectitse. 8. recrrunw. 9. srnqcy. 10. nmr-rss. l. Syns; put to, shut. 2. rw. 3. nr-ocx our at block. 4. Syns: cease,complete, conclude, consummate, end, finish, terminate, ultimate, wind up (Informal), wrap up. -Idiom put (or set) a period to. 5. Syns; converge, meetr.

Syns; enclose, envelop, fence, hedge, hem. ISOLATE.

sELL oFF at sell.

END naun. F.ND rwun.

near, nearby, ttigh.

COURT TWUN.

CONvENIENT. COI{VENIENT. STINGY.

snn closel. INTOLERANT. OBSTINATE.

TACITURN. sEE ClOSel. sEE ClOSel. IMPRISON.

Lesrr adiectiae. ENDnoun.

clumsy

163 cfosure rwun A concluding or terminating. oerb clot To change or be changed from a liquid into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass. oerb clothe 1. To cover as if with clothes: trees clnthed in leafy splendor. 2. To put clothes on. 3. To iurround and cover completely so as to obscure. noun cfothes Articles worn to cover the bodY. noun cfothing Articles worn to cover the bodY.

END nouft.

To makedim or indistinct. cloud rwun A very large number of thingsgouped together. clouded adiectioe Not affordingcertainty. cloudiness noun The quality or stateof being ambiguous. cfoudfess ad.iectioe Free from clouds,mist, etc. cfoudy adiectioe 1. Not clearly perceivedor perceptible. 2. Liable to more than one intelpretation. cfout rnun 1. A suddensharp,powerful stroke. 2. Infornnl. The right and power to command,decide, rule, or judge. 3. Infonnal. The power to producean effect by indirect means. 4. Infannal. Effectivemeansof influencing,compelling, or punishing. clout aerb To deliver (a powerftrl blow) suddenlyand sharply. cfown nutn A personwhosewords or actionsprovoke or are intendedto provokearnusementor laughter. clown oerb Inforrnal.To makejokes;behaveplayfully. cfoy oerb To satisfyto the full or to excess. club ltuun A group of people united in a relaUonshipand having someinterest,activity, or purposein common. clue alsoclew noun 1. A piece of informationusefulin a search. 2. A subdepointing out. clump noun 1. An irregularly shapedmassof indefinite size. 2. A number of individualsmakingup or considereda unit. clump aerb 1. To movgheavily. 2. To make a dull soundby or as if by striking a surfacewith a heavYobiect. clumsy adiectitse 1. Lacking dexterity and gracein physicalmovement. 2. Clumsily lackingin the ability to do or perform. 3. Lacking sensitivityand skill in dealingwith others. 4. Difficult to handleor manage.

onscuns

COAGULATE.

1. Syns; cloak, drape, mantle, robe. 2. onuss oerb. 3. wr.p oerb. DRESS|WUN. DRESSnoun.

cloud oerb

oerb.

CROWD fwruN. AMBIGUOUS. VAGUENESS. cLEAR adiecthse. 1. uxcr.nen. 2. errasrcuous. 1. slow2. 2. .luuronrry. 3. rr+rr.unNcr. rwun.

4. ruuscr-r noun.

utr oerb. JOKER.

1or,noerb. SATIATE. UNION.

1. r.nao nou,n. 2, nuvr rwu,n. 1. r,uupl rwun. 2. cnoup twu,n. L. rvvrp'oerb. 2. rwun oerb.

l. 2. 3. 4.

ewrwLno. uNsxrr-r-rur,. recrr-nss. ewxweno.

clunk noun clunk A repeated stroke or blow, esp. one that produces a sound. cf unk oerb To make a dull sound by or as if by striking a surface with a heavy object.

164 BEAT TWUN.

'rwuo oetb.

cluster noun A number of individuals making up or considered a unit. cf uster oerb To come together. clutch noui l. The act of catching, esp. a sudden taking and holding. 2. An act or means of holding something. 3. A number of individuals making up or considered a unit. clutch aerb l. To get hold of (somethingmoving). 2. To take firmly with the hand and maintain a hold on. adiectioe clutching Fearful of the loss of position or affection.

clutter noun A lack of order or regular arrangement. adiectioe cluttered Excessively filled with detail.

GROUP TIOUN,

essnNrer,noerb. l. c,Lrcn twun. 2. rror-o noun, 3. cnoup rruun.

l. ctrclg oerb. 2, cnxp aerb.

JEALOUS. DISORDER NOUN.

nvs:r adiectioe.

coadjutanl rwun A person who holds a position auxiliary to another and assumessome of his responsibilities.

ASSISTANT.

coadjute aerb To work together toward a common end. na'il,n coadjutor A person who holds a position auiliary to another and assumessome of his responsibilities.

COOPERATE. ASSISTANT.

coadiuvancy noun Joint work toward a common end. COagenGy rmun Joint work toward a common end.

COOPERATION. COOPERATION.

coagulate oerb

To change or be changed from a liquid into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass: Egg white coagulates uhen heated. coalesce aerb To bring or come together into a united whole. nutn coalition l. An associaUon,esp. of nations for a common cause. 2. A goup of individuals united in a common cause. 3. A bringing together into a whole.

Syns; clot, congeal, gelatinize, jell, setr.

coNrsrNeoetb. 1. ar,r,reNcn. 2. coMerNEtwun. 3. uurncenoN.

coalitionist noun with anotherin a commoncause. One nation associated COarse adiectioe

N,LY

'i::E:r;#i;T'":;;:o;:ffi\xff #trfr1;,

2. Displaying a lack of knowledge or skill. 3. Offensive to accepted standards of decency. 4. Consisting of or covered with large particles: coarse sand,.

TWUN.

1. Syns; barbarian, barbaric, boorish, churlish, crass, crude, earthy, goss, i11bred, Philistine (also philistine), raw, rough, rude, tasteless,uncivilized, uncouth, uncultivated, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar. 2. cnuon. 3. onscrr.rn. 4. Syns; grainy, granular, gritty, rough.

165 5. Having a coarse, irregular surface. coaSt oerb To pass smoothly, quietly, and undisturbed on or as if on a slippery surface. COax oerb To persuade or try to persuade by gentle, persistent urgng or flattery: She succeeded in coaxing her parents to buy her a car. twun cockcrow The first appearance of daylight in the morning. adiectioe cock-eyed l. Slang. So senselessas to be laughable. 2. Slang.Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. coddle oerb To treat with indulgence and often overtender care. ad;iectioe coefficienl Working together toward a common end. COeqUal rmun One that is very similar to another in rank or posiUon. COefCe oerb l. To compel by pressure or threats: coerced them into the car at gunpoint. 2. To cause (a person or thing) to act or move in spite of resistance. COerCed adiectitse Done under force.

cognizant 5. noucn. st-rog oerb.

Syns: blandish, cajole, soft-soap (Infornwl), sweet-talk (Infonrwl), wheedle. DAWNrWU,n. l. roor.rsn. 2. pnuNK adiecth:e. r,ABv oerb. COOPERATIVE. pEER2.

1. Syns;blackjack,dragoon,force, hijack (a/sohighjack) (Infonrwl ), shotgun (lnfonrnl), strong-arm(Informnl). 2. roncn oerb.

FORCED.

coercion rwun Power usedto overcomeresistance. coercive adiectioe Accomplishedby force. coetaneous adiectioe Belongingto the sameperiod of time as another. COevaf adiectioe Belongingto the sameperiod of Umeas another. coeval naun One of the sametime or ageasanother. coexistenl ad,iectioe Belongingto the sameperiod of time as another. coextensive adiectitse LFng in the sameplane and not intersecUng. cogent adiectioe 1. Servingto convince. 2. Basedon goodjudgment,reasoning,or evidence. cogitate oerb 1. To usethe faculty of reason. 2. To think about seriously. 3. To considercarefully and at length. 4. To usethe powersof the mind, as in conceiving ideas,drawinginferences,and makingjudgments. cogitation r,o,tn The act or processof thinking. cogitative adiectirse Of, characterizedby, or disposedto thought. cognate ad,iectioe Connectedby or as if by kinshipor commonorigin. cognizance rwun 1. The condition of being aware. 2. ^I\e act of noting observing,or taking into account. cognizanl adiectioe cognizance,and Marked by comprehension, perception.

FORCE |WUN. FORCIBLE.

coNTEMPonrnx adi ectia e. coNTEMPontnv adiectioe. CONTEMPORARYfrcruN. coNTEMPo ntnx

adiectioe.

PARALLEL ad,iectine. l. cotryrNcrNc. 2. soulo2. 1. 2. 3. 4.

nBesoN oerb. coxsronn. poxorn. nnnrx.

THOUGHT. THOUGHTFUL. RELATED. 1. ewexn,Ness. 2. worrce noun. AWARE.

cognomen

166

COgnOmen rwun The word or words by which one is called and identified. cohere oerb To hold fast to. coherence rwun logg"l agreementamongthingsor parts. COneSlOn noun The closephysicalunion of two objects. cohort toin' l. One who supportsand adheresto another. 2. Infornal. One who is united in a relationship with another. coil oerb To move or proceedon a repeatedlycurving course. COfnCl0e oerb l. To occur at the sametime: The tuo ircid,ents coincid,ed. 2. To come to an understandingor to terms. coincidenl adiectitse 1. Occurring in companywith. 2. Existingor occurringat the samemoment. coinstantaneous adiictioe Existingor occurringat the samemoment. cold ad,iectioe l. Markedby a low temperature:a cold night. 2. Informal. Lacking consciousness. 3. Not affectedby or showingemotion:a cold person unable to respond. 4. Dark and depressing. 5. Lacking all friendlinessand warmth: a coldfarewell. 6. Deficient in or lacking sexualdesire. cold noun Relativelack of warmth: the winter cold. cofd-bfooded adiectitse 1. Totally lackingin compassion:a cold-blnodedkltler,

2. Not affected by or showing emotion. cold-hearted adiectioe Totally lacking in compassion.

NAME

NOUN,

noNo oerb. CONSISTENCY. B,ONDnoun.

1. ror,r-owrn. 2. essocnrg noun.

wtND2.

l. Syn:concur. 2, ecnm. 1. eccoupANyrNc. 2. Snvlur-reNEOUS. SIMULTANEOUS.

1 . Syns; chill, chilly, cool, rippy, shivery. 2 . UNCONSCIOUS. 3 . Syns; cold-blooded, emoUonless, unaffected, unemotional. 4. cr.oouv. 5. Syns; chill, emotionless, frigid, glacial, icy. 6. rnrcro. Syns; chill, chilliness, coldness, coolness, coolth. 1. Syns; callous, cold-hearted, compassionless,hard-b oiled (Informnl), hardened, hardhearted, heartless, obdurate, stonyhearted, unfeeling. -Idiom cold of heart. 2. cor,o adiectioe.

coldneis ,-r]" Relative lack of warmth.

cold-shoulder oerb cofd shoulder naun Informal. A deliberate slight. cold-shoulder oerb Infomal To slight (someone) deliberately.

cofllborate

unib

To work together toward a common end. colfaboration nDun ]oint work toward a common end. coflaborative adiectiae Working together toward a common end.

coffapse"oirb l. To suddenly loseall healthor strength:coll.apsed from exhcnntion.

2. To give way mentally and emotionally.

coLD rnun. sEEcold shoulder. SNUB NOUN.

srvun oerb. COOPENATE. COOPERATION. COOPERATIVE.

l. Syns; hreak down, cave in, conk out (Slang), crack, crack up (lnformnl), drop, give out, give way, succumb. 2. gnnex DowN.

collusion

167 3. To be unableto hold up. 4. To fall in. 5. To ceaseto function, ff & mechanicaldevice. 6. To undergocapture,defeat,or ruin. 7. To undergosuddenfinancialfailure: The stock marketcollnpsed. coflapse noun l. An abrupt, disastrousfailure: the 1929stock-market collnpse. 2. A suddensharpdecline in mental,emotional,or physicalhealth. 3. A disastrous,overwhelmingdefeat or ruin. collar oerb Slnng.To take into custodyas a prisoner. collate oerb To examineso ils to note the similaritiesand differences of. coflateral adiecthse 1. In a positionof subordination. 2. Giving or able to grvehelp or support. 3. Ly*g in the sameplane and not intersecting. cof league ntrun 1. One who is united in a relationshipwith another. 2. One that is very similar to another in rank or position. collectl oerb 1. To bring togetherso as to increasein massor number. 2. To bring together, 3. To come together. 4. To bring one'semotionsunder control. collect2 twun A formula of words usedin pra)ang. cof lected ad;iectioe Not easilyexcited,even under pressure. coflection naun 1. A quantity accumulated. 2. A number of individualsmakingup or considereda unit. coflide oerb To come togetheror come up againstwith force: The two cars collided. coflision twun Violent, forcible contactbetweentwo or more things: the nllision of the two spacecraftuith Earth. colloquial ad;iectioe In the style of conversation. colfoquialist notn, One given to conversation. colfoquisl rwun One given to conversaUon. coffoquium rwun A meetingfor the exchangeof views. cofloquy noun Spokenexchange. colfude oerb To work out a secretplan to achievean evil or illegal end. colfusion nou,n A secretplan to achievean evil or illegal end.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

p;nNDoerb. cevr rN at cave snrer DowN. sunneNopn oerb. Syns: break, bust, crash, fail, fold (Informal), go under. -Idionw go bust, go on the rocks, go to the wall.

l. Syns; breakdown, crash, debacle, smash, smashup, wreck. 2. snneKDowN at break down. 3. rer-l noun. ennrsr oerb. COMPARE.

1. susonDrNtrn adiectine. 2. euxrr.nrtu adiectioe. 3. paner.r,nr. adiectioe. 1. essocrerg rwun. 2. ppnn2.

1. eccuuulATE. 2. essnMsr-r. 3. .rssnursln. 4. couposr. PRAYER.

coor. adiectioe. 1. .c.ccuMuLATroN. 2. cnoup rwu,n.

Syns: bump, crash.

Syns; appulse, bump, concussion, crash, impact, jar, jolt, percussion, shock, smash, wallop. CONVERSATIONAL. CONVERSATIONALIST. CONVERSATIONALIST. CONFERENCE.

COI{IIERSATION.

pr,or oerb.

PLOT fWUn.

colony colOny noun An areasubjectto mle by * outsidepower. cofophon rwrrn A name or other device placed on merchandiseto signify its ownership or manufacture. CO|of rnun l. The property by which the senseof vision can disdnguishbetweenobjects,as a red apple and a green apple, that are very similar or identical in form and suezRed, yellmo, and blue are primary colors. 2. Somethingthat imparts color: painted the room usrrg a neu waslwble color. 3. Skin tone, esp.of the face. 4. A deceptive outward appearance. 5. Appearanceof truth or authenticity. color oerb l. To impart color to: coloredthe shinglesbrwm. 2. To immersein a coloring soluUon. 3. To $ve an inaccurateview of by representingfalsely or misleadingly 4. To causeto have a prejudicedview. 5. Tg $ve a deceptively attractive appearanceto: color a lie.

5. To becomered in the face. coforable adiecthse Worthy of being believed. coforant rwun Somethingthat impartscolor. coforation rwt"rn Skin tone, esp.of the face. cofored adiectit:e Exhibitins bias. colorful "ad,iectioe 1. Full of color: a colorful bed of pansies. 2. Evoking strong mental imagesthrough distinctiveness:cglnrful ttriting a cilnrful character. coforing nmrut l. Somethingthat impartscolor. 2. Skin tone, esp.of the face. 3. A deceptiveoutward appearance. colorless adiecthse 1. Lacking color. 2. Lacking liveliness,charm,or surprise. 3. Without definite or distinctivecharacterisUcs. coforlessness nourr The state or quality of being insipid. COfOfS rwtnt, labric usedesp.as a symbol. colossal adieita:e Of extraordinarysizeand power. Golumn nmttn A group o_fpeople or things arrangedin a row. COmb oerb To make a thoroughsearchof. combat twun A hostileencounterbetweenopposingmilitary forces: smt the infantry into cqrnbat.

168 POSSESSTON. MARK TWUN.

l. Syns;hue, shade,tone.

2. Syns: colorant, coloring, dye, dyeshrff, pigment, stain, tincfure. 3. corupr.rxroN. 4. regeon. 5. vrnrsrurlrruDE. 1. Syns; dye, stain, tint. 2. orc oerb. 3. orsronr. 4, mx oerb. 5. Syns; gild, gloss (over), floze (over), palliate, zugarcoat, varnish, veneer, whitewash. -Idicm"s lend a good color to, paper over the cracks, put a glos on, put a good face on. 6. N.vsu oerb. BELIEVABLE.

col,oR noun. COMPLEXION. BIASED.

1. Syns; bright, gay, showy, vivid. 2. Syns: picfuresque, vivid.

l. cor,on noun. 2. coupr,nxroN. 3. regenn. 1. per-n a.diectioe. 2. ovl.;. adiectitse. 3. ururner-. INSIPIDITY.

rl-ecl nmun. crANT adiectioe. LLNErwun. SCOUR.

Syns; action, battle, engagement.

come

169 combat Derb 1. To strive in opposition to. 2. To take a stand against. 3. To oppose actively and with force.

combatanl rwun One who engagesin a combator struggle. combatant adiectioe Of or engagedin warfare. combative ad;iectioe l. Inclined to act in a hostilewaY. to fight. 2. Having or showingan eagerness 3. Given to arguing. combativeness rwu,n 1. Hostile behavior. 2. Warlike or hostile attitude or nature. 3. The power or will to fight. combinate oerb To bring or come togetherinto a united whole. combination noun l. The result of combining:Water is a cornbinntionof hyd,togenand oxygen. 2. The state of being associated. 3. A qroup of individualsunited in a commoncause. combinr"atidnal adiectioe Of, relating to, or tending to producecombination:the of thesesubstances. combinatiorwltendprrcies combinative adiectioe Of, relating to, or tending to producecombinaUon. combinatorial adiectioe Ol relating to, or tending to producecombination. combinatory a.diectiae Of, relating to, or tending to producecombination. combine oerb 1. To bring or come togetherinto a united whole: combineoxygenuith hydrogen;artistic expression cambhwdwith technique. 2. To make a part of a united whole. 3. To unite or be united in a relationship. 4. To assembleor join in a grouP. 5. To put togetherinto one massso that the conitituent parts are more or lesshomogeneous. combine nou.n 1. A group of individualsunited in a commoncause:o cot *lne of citizerwdemandingtax relief. closelyinterconnected 2. A combinationof businesses for commonprofit: a Wge oil combirw. combined adiectioe Joinedtogetherinto a whole: the cornbinedtnfluences of pooertyand infl.ation. comburenl adiectioe On fire. combust oerb To undergocombustion. COme oerb 1. To take place Will war come? comeson 2. To take place at a set time: Chrdshnas December25. 3. To happento one: Depressinncatrw to her quickly'

1. corvrnuo. 2. co*rnsr aerb. 3. nesrsr. FIGHTER. BELLIGERENT.

1. eccnrssvn. 2. rsLLrcrRENT. 3. ancuurNTATIvE. 1. eccnrssrox. 2. nnr-r.rcBRENcE. 3. rrcnr noun. coprnlNs Derb. 1. Syns; conjugation, melding, unification, union. 2. essocrerroN. 3. cotvsrNErwun. Syns; combinative, combinatorial, combinatory, conjugaUonal, conjugaUve. COMBINATIONAL. COMBINATIONAL. COMBINATIONAL.

1. Syns; coalesce,combinate, compound, concrete, conjoin, conjugate, connect, couple, join, link, marry, meld, unite, wed, yoke. 2. rMsoov. 3. essocrern oorb. 4. n*toz uerb. 5. v'tx oerb.

l. Syns; bloc, cartel, co.alition, combination, faction, partY, ringt. 2. Syns: cartel, pool, syndicate, trust.

Syns; conjoint, fused, melded.

BLAZING.

runN aerb. 1. Syns; befall, betide, come about, come off, develop, hapt (Archai'c), haPPen, occllr, pass, transpire. 2. Syns: fall, occur. 3. Syns: befall, betide.

come about 4. To go forward, esp.toward a conclusion:This proiect is comingiust fine. 5. To haveasa source. 6. To have as one'shome or place of origin: I come from Virginia. 7. To cometo be. come about oerb To take place. come aCTOSSoerb 1. To find or rneetby chance:come acyoss the lost sock;corneauoss an old friend,.

2. Slang.To give in commonwith others. come along aerb To go forward, esp.toward a conclusion. come around (or round) oerb To regainone'shealth. come by oerb 1. To comeinto possession of. 2. To go to or seekout the companyof in order to socialize. come in oerb 1. To comeor go into (a place). 2. To completea raceor competitionin a specified position. come into aerb To receive(property)from one who hasdied. come Off perb 1. To take place. 2. To turn out well. come out oerb l. To be madepublic: didn't want the usholestory to . comeutt. 2. To makeone'sformal entry, as into socieW:caffrc out at the debutanteball. come out with oerb To utter publicly. come over oerb lnfonna-L.To go to or seekout the companyof in order to socialize. come through oerb 1. To turn oirt well. ?. To existin spite of adversity. 3. Inforrrnl. To give in commonwith others. come about oerb COmeaCfOSS oerb Come along oerb come around (or round) oerb COmebaGk twun Come back oerb To go againto a former place. comebaGk naun 1. A return to former prosperityor stafus:mnde a political comeback. l. Slang.A spirited,incisivereply. 3. Slntug.Somethingspokenor written as a return to a question,demand,etc.

170 4. Syns: advance, come along, get along, marchl, move (along), proceed, progress. 5. srnl.r, oerb. 6. Syns; hail2, ori$nate. 7. nncolre. COME.

l. Syns; ulght on (or upon) (Archaic), bump into (Infonnal), chance on (or upon), come on (or upon), find, happen on (or upon), light on (or upon), run across,run into, stumble on (or upon), tumble (on). -Idiom meet up with. 2. covrnrsutr. COME. RECOVER,

l. cnr. 2. vrcrc oerb.

1. nNrnn. 2. nvv oerb.

INHERIT. 1. corrle. 2. succnno. l. Syns: break, get out, leak (out), out, -Idiorn come to light. _ transpire. 2. Syns: bow, debut (also d6but).

xa oerb. vtstt oerb.

1. succnro. 2. sunvrvn. 3. covrnmurr. sEECOme. sEECOme. sEECOme. sEECOme. sEEcome back. nnrunN oerb. t. Syn: recovery. 2. neronr rwun. 3. e-wswnnrwurr.

GOmrc

t7t come by Derb comedian nnun A personwhosewords or actionsprovoke or are intendedto provokeamusementor laughter. ComedOwn rwun A suddendrop to a lower conditionor status. comedy noun The quality of being laughableor comical. come-hither adiectilse Pleasingto the eye or mind. Come in oerb come into rserb comefy adiectine 1. Having qualitiesthat delight the eye. 2. Conformrngto acceptedstandards. come otf oerb COme'On nutn COmeOh (or upon) oerb To find or meet by chance. come-on noun Somethingthat attracts,esp.with the promiseof pleasureor reward. Come Out oerb come out with tserb COmeOVer oerb COmef noun l.lnformal. One showingmuch promise:The young executiaeis a real cuner. 2. One that arrives. comestible adiectioe Fit to be eaten. comestible noun Somethingfit to be eaten. come through oerb COmeUpanGenoun C0meuppanGe alsoGOIII€upance natn lnformal. Somethingjustly deserved. comfort oerb 1. To give hope to in time of grief or pain: comforted the raidnto. 2. To makelesssevereor more bearable. comfort twun 1. Steadygood fortune or financialsecurity. 2. A consolingin time of grief or pain gaoecornfortto the bereaoed. 3. Anything that increasesphysicalcomfort. comfortable adiectbe 1. Affording pleasurableease:a comfortablenew howe. 2. Enjoyingsteadygood fortune or financialsecurity. Beingwhat is neededwithout being in 3. W*1. comfortless ad;iectilse Causingdiscomfort. comfy adiectioe Informal. Affording pleasurableease' comic rroun A personwhosewords or actionsprovoke or are iniended to provoke amusementor laughter. comic a.diectwe 1. Arousinglaughter.

sEEcome. JOKBR.

DESCENT. HUMOR NOUN. ATTRACTIVE.

sEEcome, sEEcome. 1. sneurrrul. 2. connncr adiectiae. SEE GOME.

sEE come on. coME ACROSSat come. LVF.E fWUn. sEE come.

sEEcome out, SEEGOME, L. Syn: up-and-comer. -Idionu man (or woman) on tlre way up, rising star. 2. enmver-. EDIBLE. FOOD.

sEEcome. sEEcomeuppance. DVEftoun. t. Syns: consolate (Obs.), console, solace, soothe. 2. nBr-rnvp. 1. pnospnnrrv. 2. Syns: consolation, solace. 3. euBNrrv. t. Syns: comfy (Informal), cozy (also cosy), easeful, easy, snug, soft (lnformal). 2. pnospnnous. 3. surncrsNr.

UNCOMFONTABLE. COMFORTABLE.

JoKER.

1. euusrxc.

comical 2. Deserving laughter. comical adlectit:e 1. Arousing laughter. 2. Deserving laughter. comicality also comicalness nnu,n The quality of being laughable or comical. COmlGalneSS nnun coming adiectioe l. In the relatively near future: the comingUears. 2. Occurring right after another. 3. Being or occurring in the time ahead. 4. Inforrnal. Showing great promise: Rotler discosare the coming thing. 5. Informnl. Improving, growing, or succeeding steadily. comlng twun 1. The act of arriving. 2. \\e act or fact of coming near.

coming-out noun lnformal. The instance or occasion of being presented for the first time to society. COmmand aerb l. To give orders to: com:mandedthe brigade to attack. 2. To have authoritative charge of. 3. To be possessedof; corn:rnnndsgreat prestige; comtnands fioe lnngnges. 4. To rise above, esp. so as to afford a view of. COmmand noun l. An authoritative indication to be obeyed: gaoe the command, to fire. 2. The capacity to lead others. 3. The right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge. 4. The act of exercising controlling power or the condition of being so controlled. 5. Natural or acquired facility in a specific acUvity. 6. The degree of skill exhibited in any performance. COmmandeef u^erb 1. To lay claim to for oneself or as one's r€ht. 2. To take quick and forcible possessionof. GOmman0eerlng noun The act.of taking_quick and forcible possessionof. COmmandang adiectioe l. Exercising controlling power or influence. 2. Exercising authority.

172 2. r,aucnasr,r. l. erurusrnrc. 2. r,aucHesr,B. HUMOR NOU,N,

sEEcomicality. 1. Syns; approaching, forthcoming, upcoming. 2. rollowwc adiectitse. 3. rurunn ad;iectitse. 4. Syns: promising, up-and-coming. 5. rr-ounrsgrNc.

1. ennrver.. 2. eppnoecr rwun. PRESENTATION.

1. Syns; bid, charge, direct, enjoin, instruct, order, require, tell. 2. rEAD oerb. 3. Syns; boast, enjoy, have, hold, possess. 4. oourxern. 1. Syns; behest, bidding, charge, commandment, dictate, direction, directive, injunction, instruction, mandate, order, word. 2. lne-o twun. 3. eurnonrrv. 4. nourNeuoN.

5. ABILITY. 6. TECHNIQUE. 1 . ASSUME. 2 . SEIZE. SEIZURE. 1. poirarwargr. 2. eurnonrrATrvE.

commandment rwun An authoritative indication to be obeyed.

comme il faut adiectioe French. Conforming to accepted standards. COmmemOrate oerb l. To mark (a day or event) with ceremonies of respect, festivity, or rejoicing. 2. To honor or keep alive the memory of. COmmemoratiOn rwun 1. The act of observing a day or event with ceremonies. 2, Something, as a structure or custom, serving to honor or keep alive a memory.

COMMAND NOUN, coRREcr adiectirse. l. crr.rgnern

oerb.

2. uruonru-rzE. l. cnr-ngneuor*. 2. uruonru.

nciltn.

commiseration

L73 commemorative ad,iecttue Serving to honor or keep alive a memory. COmmenGe oerb 1. To go about the initial step in doing (something). 2. To come into being. 3. To b"St to appear or develop.

1. srenr aerb,' 2. srcrN, 3. pewu oerb.

COmmenGementnuun of bringingor beingbroughtinto 1. Theact or process

l. sncrNmvc rmun.

existence. 2.\\e initid stage of a developmental process.

commend oerb 1. To pay a complimentto. 2. To expresswarrn approvalof. 3. To $ve over to anotherfor cale, use,or performance. commendable adiecthse Deservingadmiration. commendation rwun 1. An expresion of admirationor congahrlation. 2. An expressionof warm approval. commendatory adiectioe Servingto compliment. comme;surabl6 adiectitse l. Properly or correspondinglyrelated in size,amount, or scale. 2. Characterizedby or displayingsymmetry,esp. in scaleor measure. correspondence commensurate adiectine l- Properly or correspondinglyrelated in size, amount, or scale. 2. Characterizedby or displayingsymmetry,esp. in scaleor measure. correspondence comment twun 1. An expressionof fact or opinion: mod,ea positioe comtnentabu"tt the party. 2. Evaluativeand criUcaldiscourse. 3. Critical explanationor analysis. 4. Somethingsaid. comment oerb cotltnented on the artist's To make observations2 technique. COmmentary rwun 1. Critical explanationor analysiszcomnuntarieson the Old,Testarnent. 2. A narrative of experiencesundergoneby the writer: on,the Callic Wan Caesar'sConrmenta.ries 3. Evaluative and critical discourse. commentator rwun A personwho evaluatesand reports on the worth of something. COmmefGe rwun Commercial,industrial, or professionalactivity in general. co-mmingle wrb To put together into one massso that the constituent parts are more or lesshomogeneous. commiserable ad,iectioe Arousingor deservingPity. commiserate xerb To experienceor expresscompassion. cOmmlSefallOn rrou.n Sympathetic,sad concern for someonein misfortune.

MEMoRTAL adiectiae.

2. srnrH ncrun. l. corrrpr,runxr oerb. 2. pnllrss osrb, 3. sNTRusr.

ADMTRABLE.

l. coupr-uurlfi rwun. 2. pnersn noun. COMPLTMENTARY. l.

pnoponuoNAl.

2. svuurrnrcer,. 1. pnoponuoNAl.

2. svuunrnrce,r..

l. Syns; note, obiter dictum, observation, remark. 2. npvrnw nmtn, 3. couuBvrenv. 4. wonp 'tw,tn. Syns: note, observe, remark.

1. Syns.' annotation, comment, exegesis, interpretation, note. 2. Syns: memoir, reminiscence. 3. nnvrnw rwun. CRITIC.

BUSINESS.

llitx

oerb.

PITTFI]L.

rnnt oerb. PITY.

commiserative commiserative adiectirse Feelingor elpressingsorrow. COmmlSSaOnoerb To give authority to. commission rw.rrr An assignme-nt one is sent to carry out. Commit oerb 1. To be responsiblefor or guilty of (an error or crime): cortmitted marder. 2. To give over to anotherfor care, use,or performance. 3. To place officiallyin confinement:commita uimirnl to prison. 4. To be morally bound to do: lroascoflvni,ttedto d"f^d his country. COmmitment rwttn An act or courseof action that is demandedof one, as by pgsrtign,custom,law, or lsligion. committal rwm An act or courseof action that is demandedof one, as by position,custom,law, or religion. COmmlX oerb To put together into one mi$s so that the constituent parts alg more or lesshomogeneous. commodious adiecthn Having plenWof room. commoAities' twu,n Productsbo"ght and sold in commerce. COmmOn adiectioe 1. Belongingto, sharedby, or applicableto all alike: National seatrity is a conwrwnconcemfor American"s. 2. Belongingor pertainingto the whole. 3. Occurring quite often: Traftn atcidprrtsare cottuTwnphmontena. !. Being of no specialquality or type. 5. To be expected,:the coffnrwnproblemsof city tife. 6. Known widely and unfavorably. 7. Ot moderatelygood quality but lessthan excellent. 8. Of mediocre quality. 9. Of decidedly inferior qualrty. 10. Lacking high station or birth. Ll. Chiefl,yRegional.Unconstrainedby ri$d standards. common nDun A tract of cultivated land belongingto and used by a community: picttbs on the tutm com,mmt. COmmOnage ntoun The commonpeople. 'rw^tn Commonality CommOnalty alsocommonality no.tn The commonpeople: Ianasprotectittgboththe rwbitity ard the convnnnalty. COmmOners nou,n The commonpeople. COmmOnfy a.dtserb For the most part. COmmonplace- adiectioe 1. Being of no specialquality or type.

174 SYMPATHETIC. AUTHORIZE.

MISSION.

l. Syns;perpetrate,pull ofr (Informal). 2. nrsrnusr. 3. Syns: consign,institutionalize,send up (Informal). 4. Syns;bind, charge,obligate,pledge.

DUTY.

DUTY.

vrrx uerb.

ROOMY.

GOODS.

1. Syns; communal, conjoint, general, intermutual, join! mutual, public. 2. cnrvnner-. 3, Syns; everyday, familiar, frequent, ordinary, regular, routine, widespread. 4. onnrNeny ad,iectioe. 5. Syns; average, commonplace, general, matter-of-course, normal, ordinary, typical (also typic ), usual. 6. Noronrous. 7. eccnplrasln. 8. nrrrnron. 9. snoooy. 10. r.owr,y. 1,1. BesycorNc. Syn.'green.

COMMONALTY.

sEEGommOnalty. Syns; commonage, commoners, corrunons, crowd, masses,mob, plebeians, plebs, populace, public, ruckl. -Idiorn thtrd estate. COMMONALTY.

USUALLY.

l. onoweny adiectitse.

commute

L75

2. couuox ad:iectioe. 2. To be expected. 3. rnrrn. 3. Without freshnessor appealdue to overuse. 4. Of or suitablefor ordinary daysor roudne occasions. 4. rvnnvpav. commonPlace r,oun 1. usuer,rwun. 1, A regular or customarymatter, condition, or course of events. 2. crtcsfr,. 2. A trite expressionor idea. COmmOnS rwun COMMONALTY. The commonpeople. COmmOnSense rmun Syns: gumpUon, judgment, sense,wisdom. The ability to make sensibledecisions:had'ermgh -ldiurn horse sense. cuTanonserweto studY hard. commonsensible ad:iectirse SANE. proceedingfrom, or exhibitinggood Possessing, judgmentand prudence. commonsensical adiectiae SANE. proceedingfrom, or exhibitinggood Possessing, judgmentand prudence. COmmOtlon noun 1. ecrrerrorv. l. The condition of being physicallyagitated. 2. orsrunsANcE. 2. An interruption of regularprocedureor of public Peace. COmmunal adiectioe Belongingto, sharedby, or applicableto all alike. communalize oerb To place under governmentor goup ownershipor control. communicable ad,iectiae by infection: measlesand' 1. Capableof transmission other comnutnicablediseases, 2. Disposedto be open,sociable,and talkative. communicate oerb 1. To makeknown: comtrutnicateinfornwtiut'. 2.To put into words. 3. To give expressionto, asby gestures,facial aspects, or bodily posture. 4.lnfonrwl. To interact with anotheror otlers in a meaningfulfashion. 5. To cause(a disease)to passto anotheror others: typhys communicatedfrotn. one to another. COmmUnlCaIlOn rwrrn 1. The exchangeof ideasby wriUng,speech,or signals: Cood communicati'onis essentialto a successful business. 2. Somethingcommunicated,asinformation:I haoe read your latest communication. 3. A situationallowingexchangeof ideasor messages. communicative adiectine Disposedto be open, sociable,and talkative. COmmUnlOn noun 1. Thosewho acceptand practice a particular religious belief. 2. Ttte exchangeof ideasby writing, speech,or signals. communiti noun Personsas an organizedbodY. commutation nou,n The act of exchangingor substituting. commute perb l. To grveup in return for somethingelse. 2. To changeinto a different form, substance,or state.

coMMoN adiecthse. SOCIALIZE.

1. Syns: catching contagious, infecUous, taking. 2. outcorNc. 1. Syns; break, carry, convey, &sclose, get across, impart, pass, report, tell, transmit. 2. sllv oerb. 3. rxpnnss oerb. 4. nnr,ern. 5. Syns; cnrry, convey, give, pass, spread, transmit. 1. Syns: communion, converser (Rare), intercommunication, intercourse. 2. Syns: message,word. 3. roucn rwun. OUTGOING.

l. rerrn. 2. couuullcATtoN. PUBLIC NNUN, CHANGE TWUN.

l. c:g^l.Ncnoerb. 2. cor.ryent.

comp COmp twun Infonnnl. A free ticket entitling one to transportation or admission. COmpaGtr adiecthse l. Having all parts near to each other. 2. Precisely meaningful and tersely cogent. 3. Characterized by an economy of artistic expression. CompaGt2 rwun l. A legally binding arrangement between parties. 2. An ageement, esp. one involving a sale or exchange.

compactness nnun

The quality, condition, or degree of being thick. COmpanlOn twun l. One of a matched pair of things. 2. One who keeps company with another. 3. One that accompanies another. companion aerb To be with or go with (another). companionable adiectioe Liking company: a con'tpanimwble person. companionless adiectioe Lacking the company of others. COmpanlOnSnlp noun A pleasant association among people. COmpany noun 1. A commercial organization a neu) cornputer cotnPanu. 2. A number of persons who have come or been gathered together. 3. A person or persons visiting one: had company for dinner. 4. A pleasant association among people: enioyed their conryanv. 5. A group of performers. company oerb Rare. To be with or go with (another). Comparable adiectioe Possessingthe same or almost the same characteristics. comparative adiectir:e Being such by comparison with some standard: cornparathse afiuerce. COmpare oerb 1. To examine so as to note the similarities and differences of compare prices; compare one poet's oerse with that of arwther. 2. To be equal or alike: These cuwerts cornpare weII @ith lnst season's. 3. To represent as similar. comparison noun 1he quality or state of being alike. COmpaSS rwun 1. A line around a closed fi$ou or area. 2. An area within which something or someone exists, acts, or has infuence or power. 3. The ability or power to seize or attain. compass oerb 1. To shut in on all sides. 2. To perceive and recognize the meaning of. COmpaSSlOn noun Sympathetic, sad concern for someone in misfortune.

176 PLSS noun.

l. rrucx. 2. ptury. 3. rrcnr adiectioe. 1. ecnreMnNT. 2. sARcerr.Irwun. THICKNESS.

1. rraarn noun. 2. essocrarg rwun. 3. eccoupANrMENT. ACCOMPAT{Y.

Syns; convivial, sociable, social. ALoNE adiectiae. COMPANY NOUN,

l. Syns; business, concern, corporation, enterprise, establishment, firm2, house, outfit. 2. esspr,rsr,y. 3. Syns; guest, visitant, visitor. 4. Syns: companionship, fellowship, society. 5. SAND2noun. ACCOMPANY. LIKE2.

Syn.'relative.

l. Syns:balance,collate. 2. Syns:correspond(to), equal,match, measureup (to), parallel, stack up (lnforrwl), touch. 3. r-txrN. LIKENESS.

l. crncuurpRENcE. 2. nlNcn rtou,n. 3. cnesp rwun. 1. sunnouxo. 2. uxonnsreNo. PITY.

competitive

t77 comPassionate ad;iecthse 1. Concernedwith humanwelfare and the alleviation of suffering. 2. Feelingor expressingPity. 3. Feelingor expressingsorrow. compassionate aerb To experienceor expresscompassion. compassionless adiectioe Totally lackingin compassion. compatible adiectirse In keepingwith one'sneedsor expectations. compatriot noun A personwho is from one'sown country. COmpeef twun One that is very similar to anotherin rank or position. compel aerb To cause(a personor thing) to act or move in spite of resistance. compendious adfectioe Marked by or consisUngof few words. COmpensate oerb 1. To make up for the defectsof: His lack of height by a$lity. uas compensated 2. To act as an equalizingweiglrt or force to. 3. To give compensationto: They oere camperuated for their traoel erpenses. 4. To give payment to in refurn for goodsor services rendered. compensation nou,n l. Somethingto makeup for lossor damage: compensationfor work-relatediniuries.

2. Somethinggiven in exchangefor goodsor services rendered. compensative adiecthse Affording compensation. compensatory adfectioe Afiording compensaUoniu)(Nawardedcornperwatory dnmages. compete oerb To strive against(others)for victory: competedagairwt the best athbtes in the Olyrnpics. competenG€ alsocompetency noun 1. Physical,mental,financial,or legal power to,perform. 2. Law. Conferredpower. competency noun competenl adiectioe 1. Having the necessarystrengthor ability. 2. Having the ability to perform well. 3. Being what is neededwithout being in excess. competition nurn l. A strugglewith othersfor victory or suPremacy: cornpetition betwem political parties; catthroat competitionbetweenauto dealers. 2. A trial of skill or ability: an archerycompetition. 3, One that competes. competitive adiectioe Given to competition a competiti,oebt*iness

1. rruuaNrrARIAN. 2. prrvrNc. 3. svprpernprrc. pg,nr oerb. COLD-BLOODED. AGREEABLE. COUNTRYMAN. pEnn2.

roncn oerb.

BRIEF.

1 . Syns: balance, counterbalance, counterpoise, countervail, neutralize, offset, outweigh, redeem, set off. rer,eNcr oerb. Syns: indemnify, pay, recompense, redress, reimburse, remunerate, repay, requite. 4. pw perb.

1. Syns; amends, indemnification, indemnity, offset, quittance, recompense, redress, remuneration, reparation, requital, restitution, satisfaction, setoff. 2. pevraprcr.

COMPENSATONY.

Syns: compensative, indemnificatory, remunerative. Syns.' contend, contest, rival, vie.

1. esIr-rrY. 2. recur,rv. sEEcompetence. 1. rguer. adiectiae. 2. tsrn. 3. surrrcrsNr. 1. Syns; contest, corrivalry, race, rivality, rivalry, strife, striving, war, warfare. -Idimn tug of war. 2. Syns: contest, meetr. 3. corupprrron. Syns: competitory, emulous, vying.

competitor

L78

COmpetitor rwun Onethat competes: contpetitors for that market.

Syns:compeUtion,contender,contestant, corrival, opponent,rival.

competitory adiectine Given to competition.

complain ueib To express negaUve feelings, esp. of dissatisfaction or resentment: cornplairwd abu^tt the irndequate sensite.

Complainant rnun One that makesa formal complaint,esp. cornplnirnnthasfiled suit. COmplalner noun

The

A person who habitually complains or grumbles.

complainl rwun

l. An expression of dissatisfaction: receioed nurn7 cornplnints about the car.

2. A pathologicalconditionof mind or body. 3. A minor illness,esp,one of a temporarynature. n

compfaisant ad:iectioe

1. Pleasant and friendlv. 2. Ready to do favors ior another. complem'ent twun l. Something that completes another: An attractioely set table is a com,pl.ernentto fine food. 2. Something added to another for embellishment or completion. complement oerb To fill in what is lacking and make perfect: A good whw contplements any meal. complemehtal adieith;e Forming or serving as a complement. complementary adiectitse Forming or serving as a complement: wall colnrs compl,ernentary.to the decor. complete adiectbe 1. Lacking nothing essential or normal: il,erselopeda complete strategy. 2. Not shortened by omissionsi a complete anthology. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Not more or less. Covering all aspects with painstaking accuracy. Including every constituent or individual. Having reached completion: The rwtsel is at last cornplete.

7. Completely such, without qualification or exception. complete aerb l. To fill in what is lacking and make perfect. 2. To bring or come to a natural or prbper end.

Syns: beet (Slang), bellyach e (Slang), bitch (Slnng), g.tp" Qnformal), grouch, grouse (Informal), grumble, kick (Informal), munnur, whine, yawp (also yaup). Syns; accusant, claimant, plainUfi (l,aw).

GROUCH TWUN,

1. Syns; beef (Slang), grievance, gripe (Infonrwl), gumble. 2. orsnesn. 3. rr+orsposrrroN. 1. e-Mle-Br.n. 2. osr-rcrNc. 1. Syns: completion, expletive (Rare), supplement. 2. ,tccoupANrMENT.

Syns; complete, fill out, round off, round out, supplement. COMPLEMENTARY.

Syns; complemental, completing supplemental. 1, Syns; choate, entire, frrll, intact, integral, perfect, whole. 2. Syns: unabridged, uncut, unexpurgated. 3. nouxo. 4. rnonoucs. 5. wnor,n adiectioe. 6. Syns; completed, concluded, done, ended, finished, terminated, through. -Idiom all wrapped rp. 7. vrrniP. coMPLEMErtr oerb. crosnr oerb.

completed adiecthse Having reached completion.

coMPLETEad.iectioe.

completely adoerb l. To the fullest extent: completely urong.

2. In a-complete manner: cornpbtely irwestigated the uash.

1. Syns: d fond (French), altogether, clean (lnformal), dead, entirely, fat, fully, quite, thoroughly, wellz, wholly. -Idiom through and through. 2. Syns: i fond (Frerwh), exhaustively, intensively, thoroughly. -ldionx in and out, inside out, up and down.

compliment(s)

179 3. All the way. completeness rwun The state of being entirely whole: maintained the compl.etenessof his emqire. ad;iectirse compfeting Forming or serving as a complement.

completion noun 1. A concluding or terminating. 2. Something that completes another. adiectirse complex 1. Consisting of two or more interconnected parts: com,plexfower structures. 2. Difficult to understand due to intricacy: Inf.ation is a cornplex problem.

complex oerb To make complex, intricate, or perplexing. complex noun 1. A usu. large entity composed of interconnected parts: the mi,litary-ind'ustrinl ccmplex. 2. A center of organization, supply, or activity. 3. Informal. An exaggerated concern: had a cornplex about flying. naun complexion 1. Skin tone, esp. of the face: a dnrk cornplexion. 2. The combination of emotional, intellectual, and moral qualities that distinguishes an individual. 3. A person's customary manner of emotional response.

complexity rmun Something complex: the cornplexities of rmcbar physics. Complexus rwun A usu. large entity composed of interconnected parts. rwtrn complianG€ also comPliancy The quality or state of willingly carrying out the wishes of others. rwun compliancy adiectirse compf iant Willing to carry out the wishes of others. oerb complicate To make complex, intricate, or pelplexing: a uisis complicated by a lack of communication. o.diecth:e compficated L. Difficult to understand due to intricacy. 2. Complexly detailed. twun complicaiion' Something complex. aerb compliment 1. To pay a compliment to: cornplimented the pinnist on his performnnce. 2. To express warm approval of. 3. To look good on or with. complimenl rwun An expression of admiration or congratulation: deserced compliments on her scholarlg work. ad;iectiae compfimentary 1. Serving to compliment: com'plan'entaryremarks. 2. Costing nothing.

3. cr.nan adoerb. Syns: allness, entireness, entirety, integrrty, oneness, totality, wholeness. COMPLEMENTARY.

1. Brvonoun. 2. coupr-BMENTnoun. l. Syns: composite, compound. 2. Syns: Byzantine, complicated, convoluted, daedal, daedalian, elaborate, gordian, intricate, involute, involved, knotty, labyrinthine, perplexing, tangled. COMPLICATE.

1. Syns; complexus, system. 2. resnl rwun. 3. Syns; h*gup (lnfomal), preoccupation, prePossession. 1. Syns; color, coloration, coloring. 2. cnenecrnn. 3. nrsposrrtoN. Syns: complicaUon, intricacy.

OBEDIENCE.

sEEcompliance. OBEDIENT.

Syns: complex, embarrass, entangle, mix up, perplex, ravel, snarll, tangle. 1. conapr-nxadiectioe. 2. nr-eron nn adiectioe. COMPLEXITY.

1. Syns; commend, praise, recommend. -Idiorn take off one's hat to. 2. pnxsn aerb. 3. rr-erren. Syns: bouquet, commendation, orchid(s), praise, tribute. 1. Syns; approbatory, conrmendatory. 2. rnrn adiectiae.

compliment(s) rruun 1. An act requiring special generosity.

1. counrnsv.

comply 2. An expression of warm approval.

180 2. pnarsn noun.

comply oerb To act in conformi$ with.

compfying a.diectioe Wi[ing to carry out the wishesof others. cOmpOnent rroun One of the individual entitiescontributingto a whole. component adiectioe Constructedas a nondetachablepart of a larger unit. comport oerb 1. To conduct oneselfin a specifiedway. 2. To be compatibleor in correspondence. comportment rwrrn The mannerin which one behaves. COmpOSe oerb l. To form by artistic effort: composeda piano sonata. 2. To bring one'semotionsunder control: composed herself in spite of the danger. 3. To be the constituentparts of. 4. To makeor becomecalm. COmpOSed adiectitse 1. Not excitedor emotionallyagitated. 2. Not easilyexcited,even under pressure. comPosite adiectioe Consistingof two or more interconnectedparts. COmposition noun I- Somethingthat is the result of creaUveeffort: a compositionfor flute and,oboe;a compositionin blnck and,red. 2. A relativelybrief discoursewritten esp.as an exercise:a cornpositionfor Englishclass. 3. A settlementof differencesthrouqh mutual concession. compos mentis adiectioe Latin. Of soundmind; mentallyhealthy. cOmpOSUre rmun 1. Lack of emotionalagitation. 2. A stable,calm stateof the emotions. compotation rwun A drinking bout. compound ad,iectioe Consistingof two or more interconnectedparts. compound oerb 1. To bring or come togetherinto a united whole. 2. To put togetherinto one massso that the constituentparts are more or lesshomogeneous. comp0und nuun Somethingproducedby mixing. comprehend aerb l. To perceiveand recognizethe meaningof. 2. To perceivedirectly with the intellect. 3. To have as an integal part. comprehensible ad;iecthte Capableof being readily understood. cOmpfenenslOn nnun l. Intellectualhold. 2. Recognitionof wort-h,quality, importance,etc. comprehensive adiectirse Coveringa wide scope. COmpress oerb 1. To act on with a steadypushingforce. 2. To subjectto compression.

FOLLOW.

OBEDIENT. ELEMENT. BUILT-IN.

l. tcr oerb. 2. ecnrn. BEHAVIOR.

1. Syns; create, indite, produce, write. 2. Syns: collectr, contain, control, cool (down), restrain, simmer down. 3. coxsnrure. 4. cl.;,u aerb. 1. car.u adiectiae. 2. coor- adiectirse. coMPLEx ad,iectiae. 1. Syns; opus, piece, production, work.

2. Syns: essay,paper, theme. 3. coupnoMrsr. rwun.

SANE.

1. cer.u rwun. 2. sAreNcE nnun. BENDER. coMPLEx ad;iectioe. 1. coMsrNn oerb. 2. v'rx aerb.

MIXTURE. 1. urvornsrexo. 2. xNow. 3. coNrerx. UNDERSTANDABLE. 1. cnasp nou.n. 2. eppnrcrATloN. GENERAL.

t. cnowo aerb. 2. sqvnnzn oerb.

181 3. To reduce in size by or as if by drawing together. COmpressiOn rwun A compressingof something. COmprlSe oerb 1. To be the constituent parts of. 2. To have as an integral part. COmprOmiSe twun A settlement of differences through mutual concession: a uni,on-managenrcnt comprornise. compromise aerb l. To make a concession: u)ere unnble to cornprornise on, the wording of the treaty. 2. To.expose to possible loss or damage. compulsory adiectioe 1. Imposed on one by authority, command, or convention. 2. Done under force. COmpunGtion naun l. A feeling of uncertainty about the fitness or correctness of an action. 2. A feeling of regret for one's sins or misdeeds. compunctious adiectioe Feeling or expressingregret for one's sins or misdeeds.

computation tmun

1. The act, process,or result of calculating. 2. Arithmetic calculations. COmpute aerb l' To ascertain by mathematics. 2. To.note (items) one by one so as to get a total. COmfade nnun One who keeps - company with another. comradeship noun The condition of being friends. COn aerb 1. To look at carefully or criticallv. 2. To commit to memory 3. fo apply one's mind [o the acquisition of knowledge.

conceit 3. covrnect aerb. CONSTRICTION.

l. corssrrrurn. 2. coNrerN. Syns: composition, give-and-take, medium, mid-course. l. Syn: concede. -Idioms give and take, go fifty-fifty, meet halfway. 2. nrsx aerb. 1. nrgumno. 2. roncrn. 1. quer-rvr. 2. pnurrnlqcr. REMORSEFUL.

1. cer,cur.,rrrox. 2. rrcunns. l. cer,cur.nrn. 2. covxt oerb. ASSOCIATE IWUN. FRIENDSHIP.

l. nxeMrNrn. 2. unnronrzp. 3. srvoy oerb.

concatenate aerb To make into a whole by joining a system of parts. COnCave adiectioe Curving inward. COnGavity nuu,n An area sunk below its surroundings. COnCeal aerb l. To put or keep out of sight. 2. To.prevent- (something)from being known. concealed adiectiae l. Lpng beyond what is otrvious or avowed. 2. Screened from the view of oncoming drivers. concealment rwun The habit, practice, or policy of keeping secrets. COnCeOe oerb To recognize, often reluctantly, the reality or truth of. l. 2. To cease opposition. 3. To make a concession. 4. To let have as a favor or privilege. COnCeit noun l. A regarding of oneself with undue favor. 2. An impulsive, often illogical turn of mind. conceit aerb Rare. To find agreeable.

rNrncnern oerb. HoLLow adiectioe. DEPRESSION.

l. lg.tonroerb. 2. covnn oerb. 1. ur,rpnron. 2. eLNo adiectitse. SECRECY. 1. ecxNowLEDGE. 2. crvr rrv at give. 3. coupnoutsn aerb. 4. cnaNr oerb. l. ncorrsu. 2. r'ewcy noun. LIKEI.

r82

conceited adiectioe Conceited 1. Thinking too highly of oneself. 2. Unduly preoccupied with one's own appearance. adiectioe conceivable 1. Capable of being anticipated, considered, or imagined. 2. Likely to happen or to be true. conCeive aerb l. To form mental images of. 2. To perceive and recognize the meaning of. oerb concentrate l. To direct toward a common center: The errcmy concentrated its firepower on the inner city. 2. To devote (oneself or one's efforts). adiecti,ae concentrated 1. Not diffused or dispersed: Conr:entrated effort is required. 2. Having a hrgh concentration of the distinguishing ingredient. 3. Intensely sustained, esp. in activity.

L. ecorrsrrcel. 2. varN. 1. BanrHr,v. 2. pnosABr-r. L. tllecrwr. 2. uuonnsremo. 1. Syns; center, converge, focalize, focus. 2. eppr,v. 1. Syns; exclusive, fixed, intensive, undivided, unswerving, whole. 2. srnoNc. 3. nnevv adiectioe.

concentration nou.n 1. A converging at a common center: heaay troop concentratiorls on the border. 2. Concentration of the mental powers on something. COnCept rwun That which exists in the mind as the product of careful mental activity. twun conception That which exists in the mind as the product of careful mental acUvity. adiectioe conceptual Existing only in the imagination. COnCefn rwun 1. A being personally interested in: You are the obiect of our conaem. 2. Something that concerns or involves one personally. 3. Thoughtful attention. 4. A connecting relation: a matter of no connem to our plans. 5. The quality or state of being important. 6. A cause of worry. 7. A commercial organization. 8. Informal. A small, specialized mechanical device. concern oerb 1. To be pertinent. 2. To cause anxious uneasinessin. COnCerned adiectioe l. Having concern: All those concemed attend.ed the meeting. 2. In a state of uneasiness. COnCefnment twun 1. A connecting relation. 2. The qualrty or state of being important. 3. A being personally interested in. cOnGeft rwun Pleasing agreement, as of musical sounds. COnCeSSIOn rwu.n An accommodation made in the light of special or extenuating circumstances: made a concession,due to her inerperierrce. oerb conciliate 1. To ease the anger or agitation of.

l. Syns: confluence, conflux, convergence. 2. arrpNrrou. IDEA.

IDEA.

IMAGINARY.

1. Syns; concernment, interest, interestedness, regard. 2. susrNnss. 3. cowsrorRATroN. 4. Syns: bearing, concernment, 'pertinence (also pertinency), relevance (a/so relevancy). 5. ruponreNcn. 6. cenn rwun. 7. corvlperw noun. 8. ceocer. 1. eppr-v. 2. wonnv oerb. 1. Syns; affected2, interested, involved. 2. eNxrous. 1. coucnnw rwun. 2. ruponreucn. 3. concrnN rwun. HARMONY.

Syn.'allowance.

1. pecrrv.

183 2. To re-establish friendship between.

concupiscent 2. nBcoNcrr-r.

conciliation noun A re-establishment of friendship or harmony. adiectirse concise Marked by or consisting of few words. nou.n conclave A number of persons who have come or been gathered together.

RECONCILIATION. BRIEF. ASSEMBLY.

conclude oerb 1. To bring or come to a natural or proper end. 2. To make up or cause to make up one's mind. 3. To put into correct or conclusive form. 4. To come to an agreement about. 5. To draw a conclusion from evidence or reasoning. concluded adiectiae Having reached completion. adiectioe concluding Coming after all others.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

crosnr oerb. nncror. sBrrr-p. enneNcs. wrrn.

coMPLETEadiectioe. Lastr adiectioe.

conclusion rmun A concluding or terminaUng. The last part. A position reached after consideration. A position arrived at by reasoning from premises or general principles. adiectioe conclusive l. Determining or having the power to determine an outcome. 2. Having or arising from authority. 3. Serving the function of deciding or settling with finaliw. 1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

nxo noun. exo rroun. pncIsIor.i. nnnucrroN.

1. orcrsrw. 2. eurHonITATrvE. 3. onrnvruvn.

conclusivbly adoerb In conclusion. COnCOCI oerb To use ingenuity in making, developing, or achieving. adiectiae concomitant Occurring in company with. concomitant r70un One that accomDaniesanother. cOnCOrd aerb To come to an understanding or to terms. cOnCOrd rroun 1. Harmonious mufual understanding. 2. A formal, usu. written settlement between nations. 3. The state of individuals who are in utter agreement. 4. Pleasing ageement, as of musical sounds. COnCOfdanGe rwutt Harmonious mufual understanding. concordant ad:iectioe Having components pleasingly combined. COnCOUfSe rwun The act or fact of coming together. adiectirse Concrete 1. Having actual reality. 2. Composed of or relating to things that occupy space and can be perceived by the senses. concrete oerb l. To bring or come together into a united whole. 2. To make or become physically hard. COnCupiscence rrutrn Sexual hunger. cOncupiscent ad:iectioe Feeling or devoted to sexual love or desire.

lesrr adoerb. ITWENT. ACCOMPANYING. ACCOMPANIMENT. AGREE.

1. 2, 3. 4.

ecnnrrr,rnrw. rnnarv. nenprorvv. nenuorvv.

AGREEMENT. SYMMETRICAL.

JUNCTTON.

l. nrer-. 2. pHysrcer,.

1. coMrrr.rn oerb. 2. nenopN. DESIRE TWUN.

EROTIC.

184

concupiscible adiecth;e concupiscible Archaic. Arousing erotic desire. COnCUf oerb l. To occur at the same time. 2. To come to an understanding or to terms. COnCUffenGe noun Harmonious mufual understanding. adiectioe COncurrent l. Occurring in company with. 2. Belonging to the same period of time as another. 3. Lying in the same plane and not intersecting. 4. Being in or characterized by complete ageement. COnCUfSIOn noun The act or fact of coming together. CO]ICUSSiOn nutn Violent, forcible contact between two or more things. condemn oerb l. To pronounce judgment against: condentned the dissidents to hard labor. 2. To find fault with. 3. To feel or express strong disapproval of.

DESIRABLE.

1. corwcron. 2. ecnns. ACREEMENT. l.

eccoupANrYrNc.

2. covrnuPoRARY adiectioe. 3. pener-r-rr adiectioe. 4. uNerruous. JUNCTTON. COLLISION.

1. Syns; damn, doom, sentence. 2. sr.AMnaerb. 3. oppr.onB.

condemnation rwun A finding fault. condemnatory adiectioe Containing or imposing a condemnation: a cond.ernnatorydecree. condemned adiectioe Sentenced to terrible, irrevocable punishment: a cond.emned ru)n on d.eath rou. condemning adiectioe Containing or imposing a condemnation. noun condensation A short summary prepared by cutting down a larger work.

condense oerb To makethickor thicker,esp.throughevaporation or condensation. condensed adiecthse Marked by or consisting of few words. condescen'd aerb l. To descend to a level considered inappropriate to one's dignity: cond.escendedto enryty the garbage. 2. To treat in a superciliously indulgent manner: a snob who condescendpd to aII the neighbors.

BLAME TWUN,

Syn.' condemning.

Syns: doomed, fated, foredoomed, lost.

CONDEMNATORY. SYNOPSIS.

THICKEN.

BRIEF.

l. Syns; deign, stoop, vouchsafe. 2. Syns: patronize, talk down (to).

condescendence rwun Superciliously indulgent treatment, esp. of those considered inferior. condescending adiectioe Exhibiting condescension: a cond,escend,ing snob. rnun condescension Superciliously indulgent treatment, esp. of those considered inferior: His ooert condescensiontotoard tn is repellent. rwun condimenl A substance that imparts taste.

Syn; pattonizing. Syns; condescendence, patronization, patronizing.

FLAVORING.

condition rmun 1. Manner of being or form of existence:a patient in a ueakened conditian; a house restored to its for"mer condition. 2. Something indispensable: Eating is a condition to saruioal.

1. Syns: mode, posture, situation, state, status. 2. Syns: essential, must, necessity, precondition, prerequisite, requirement, requisite, sine qua non.

confederated

185 3. A restricting or modifying element. 4. A state of sound readiness. condition oerb To make familiar through constant practice or use. conditional adiectioe l. Depending on or containing a condition or conditions: a conditional sunender. 2. Determined or to be determined by someone or something else. conditioned adiectiae Determined or to be determined by someone or something else. nourl conditions Existing surroundings that affect an activity: poor working conditiorw. condonable adiectiae Admitting of forgiveness or pardon.

3. pnovrsrox. 4. rnru nnun. ACCUSTOM.

L. Syns: provisional, provisionary, provisory, qualified, tentative. 2. onpewonvr adiecthse.

DEPENDENT adiectioe.

Syns; circumstances, environment.

PARDONABLE.

condonation rwun The act or an instance of forgiving. condone oerb To grant forgiveness for a fault, o ense, or injury. oerb conduce To have a share in (an act, result, etc.); have a hand in. conducive ad;iectioe Tending to contribute to a result.

FORGIVE. CONTRIBUTE. CONTRIBUTIVE.

conduct oerb l. To control the course of (an activity): condtrct the afairs of state; conduct an experiment. 2. To show the wav to. 3. To serve as a conduit: Most metals conduct electricity. 4. To engage in (a war or campaign). conduct nurn The manner in which one behaves.

l. Syns; carry on, direct, manage, operate,steer,supervise. 2. cvron oerb. 3. Syns; carry, channel, convey, transmit. 4. wtcn oerb. BEHAVIOR.

conductot rwun Something or someone that shows the way. naun confab Informal. An exchanging of views. confab oerb Infornwl. To meet and exchange views to reach a decision.

GUTDE IWI'N. CONFERENCE, CONFER.

confabulate oerb 1. To engage in spoken exchange. l. conrvpnsnr oerb. 2. To meet and exchange views to reach a decision. 2. coxrrn. rwltrr, confabulation 1. Spoken exchange. 1 .COT\IVERSATION. 2. An exchanging of views. 2. 3. An exchange of views in an attempt to reach a decision. 3. DELIBERATION.

confabulator ru)un One given to conversation.

CONVERSATIONALIST.

confab'=fulatoryadiecthse In the style of conversation. confederacy noun An association, esp. of nations for a common cause. confederate aerb To be formally associated,as by treaty. confederate rwun 1. One naUon associated with another in a common cause. 2. One who is united in a relationship with another. confederated adiectioe Closely connected by or as if by a treaty.

CONVERSATIONAL. ALLIANCE.

N.rv oerb. 1. er-r,v rmun. 2. essocrarE twun. ALLIED.

186

confederation rwttn confederation 1. An associatjon, esp. of nations for a common cause. 2. A goup of people united in a relationship.and having some interest, activity, or pu4rose in common. oerb confer 1. To meet and exchange views to reach a decision: confer with orw's associntes. 2. To give formally or officially: confened horwrs on them. rwun conferee also conferree One who participates in a conference: nine conferees on the parwl. noun conference 1. A meeting for the exchange of views: a teachers' conference. 2. An exchanging of views: needed seoeral hours of confererrcewith each student. 3. An exchange of views in an attempt to reach a decision. 4. A group of athletic teams that play each otler: Southem Confererrcefootball clubs. 5. A formal assernblageof the members of a group. 6. The act of conferring, as of an honor.

1 . ALLIANCE. 2. UNION.

l. Syns; advise (with), confab (Informal), confabulate, consult, parley, powwow, talk. 2. Syns: accord, award, bestow, gant, present2. Syns: deliberant, discussant, discussor.

1. Syns; colloquium, discussion, powwow, seminar. -Idiom rap session. 2. Syns: confab (lnformal), confabulation, discussion, rapr (Slang), ventilation. 3. onr,rnrnATroN. 4. Syns: association, circuit, league. 5. corwnrsrrort. 6. coNpenMENT.

conferment rmtn The act of conferring,as of an honor: conferment of an hornrary doctorate. conferral rmun The act of conferring,as of an honor.

Syns: accordance, bestowal, conference, conferral, presentation.

conferree rwu,n confess oerb

sEEconferee.

To recognize, often reluctantly, the reality or truth of. rwun confessioin The act of admitting to something.

AcKNowLEDGE.

CONFERMENT.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

confessor twun

One in whom secretsare confided. confidant alsoconfidante naun One in whom secretsare confided:her closestfriend and.confidnnt. confidanie rmun confide aerb l. To tell in confidence:reluctantly confidedmy secret 2. To give over to another for care, use, or performance.

CONFIDANT.

Syns: confessor, repository. sEEconfidant. 1. Syns; breathe, whisper. 2. ENTnusr.

confldence rwun 1. Absolute certainty in the trustworthiness of another: had confid.ence in the Presid.ent. 2 . The fact or condition of being without doubt. 3 . A firm belief in one's own powers: had a lot of confdent:e.

l. Syns; belief, faith, reliance, trust. 2. sunnxpss. 3. Syns; aplomb, assurance,security, selfassurance,self-confidence, selfpossession.

adiectioe confident 1. Having a firm belief in one's own powers: a confident man. 2. Having no doubt.

1. Syns; assured, secure, self-assured,selfconfident, self-possessed. 2. sunr.

adiectioe confidential 1. Known about by very few: a confd.ential executhse decision. 2. Indicating intimacy and mutual trust: drew me asid.e in a confidential way.

1. Syns; arrricular, hush-hush (Infomtal), inside (Slang), private, privy (Archaic). 2. Syns: familiar, intimater, prrvy (Obs.).

conflicting

187 3. Of or being information available only to authorized persons: confi,dential gorsemmentdocu.m.ents.

3. Syns; classified,privileged (Law), restricted.

conflguration rwun The external outline of a thing. oerb confine 1. To shut in with or as if with bars. 2. To enclose so as to hinder or prohibit escape. 3. To put in jail. 4. To place a limit on. adiectiae confine(sl 1. A demarcation point or boundary beyond which something does not extend or occur. 2. The boundary surrounding a certain area. noun confinement The act of limiting or condition of being limited. adiecthse confining Affording little room for movement, aerb confirm 1. To assure the certainty or validity of: a suspicion confirrnedby eaidence. 2. To establish as true or genuine. 3. To make valid and binding by a formal legal act: Congressmust confirm the treaty. 4. To make firmer in a particular conviction or habit; scandals that confirmed their distrust of politicians. rnun confirmation 1. An act of confirming officially: Serwte confirmation of the treaty. 2. That which confirms: found in the ledger confirmation of fraud.

adiectirse confirmed 1. Firmly established by long standing: conf,rmed habits dfficult to break. 2. Subject to a diseaseor habit for a long time. confiscate aerb To take quick and forcible possessionof.

FORM rWUn.

t. 2. 3. 4.

r,l.r. Derb. rupnrsoN. yn oerb. rrv.rr aerb.

L. nr.rDnoun. 2. r,rurr rwun.

TrcHr adiectioe. 1. Syns; attest, authenticate, back (up), bear out, corroborate, justify, substantiate, testify (to), vahdate, verify, warrant. PROVE.

Syns: affirm, approve, ratify. 4. Syns: fortify, harden, strengthen.

1. Syns: affirmation, approval, ratification. 2. Syns: attestation, authentication, corroboration, evidence, proof, substantiation, testament, testimonial, testimony, validation, verifi cation. l. Syns; entrenched, hard-shell (also hard-shelled ), ingrained, inveterate, irradicable, setr, settled. 2. cnnoxrc. SEIZE.

confiscation noun The act of taking quick and forcible possessionof. adiectirse conflagrant On fire. conflagrate oerb To undergo combustion. rlaun conflagration The visible signs of combustion. rwun conflict 1.. A state of open, prolonged fighting: the conflict in Vietnam. 2. A state of disagreement and disharmony: family conflicts.

conflict oerb To fail to be in accord: Your story conflicts with hers.

conflicting adiectir;e In sharp opposition: conflicttng statemnnts.

SEIZURE.

BLAZING.

sunNroerb. FTRE. NOUN.

1. Syns: belligerency, hostilities, strife, war. warfare. 2. Syns: clash, contention, difficulty, disaccord, discord, dissension,dissent, dissentience,dissidence,dissonance, fricUon, inharmony, strife, variance. Syns; clash, contradict, disaccord, discord, jar (with). -Idiorn go (or run) counter to. Syns: clashing, disconsonant, discrepant, incongruent, incongruous, inconsistent.

confluence

188

confluence nou,n 1. A converging at a common center. 2. The act or fact of coming together. nou,n conflux A converging at a common center. "unlb

l. coxcnwrRATroN. 2. ;uNcnoN. CONCENTRATION.

conform

1. To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use. 2. To make conventional. 3. To be compatible or in correspondence. 4. To act in conformity with. 5. To bring into accord. conform to oerb with. To be in keeping conforma ble adiectit:e l. Willing to carry out the wishes of others. 2..In keeping with one's needs or expectations. COnIOfmanGe noun l. The act or state of agreeing or conforming. 2. An act of willingly carrying out the wishes of others. conformation noun 1. The condition of being made suitable to an end. 2. The act or state of agreeing or conforming. conformist adiectiae Conforming to established practice or standards.

l. eoapr. 2. corwrxTroNAlrzE. 3. ecnnr.

4. ror,r,ow. 5. nennaoxrzr. rn aerb. 1,. osnornNr. 2. ecnrpesr,n. 1. ecnnrvBxr. 2. oerornxcn. l. eoesrerroN. 2. ecnrnurNr. CONVENTIONAL.

conformity- rwun 1. The act or state of agreeing or conforming. 2. Logical agreement among things or parts. 3. An act of willingly carrying out the r.vishesof others.

conform to oerb confound aerb l. 2. 3. 4.

To cause to be unclear in mind or intent. To take (one thing) mistakenly for another. To cause (a person) to be self-consciouslydistressed. To rnake incapable of finding something to think, do, or say. confounded adiectioe 1. So annoying or detestable as to deserve condemnation. 2. Distressedand ill at ease. 3. Overcome with intense feeling, as of amazement, horror, or dismay.

1. ecnrBvnNr. 2. coNsrsrENcy. 3, osnorrwcn. sEEconform. 1. 2. 3. 4.

cowrusn. corvpusn. nMsA.nnA.ss. r.IoNpr.us.

1. oauNno. 2. rlrnennAssED. 3. snocxno.

contront oerb l. To meet face-to-face, esp. defiantly: enemy troops confronting each other. 2. To come up against.

1. Syns; accost, encounter, face, front. 2. nNcouurnn oerb.

confrontation rwun A face-to-face, usu. hostile meeting: a confrontation behaeen unian and mnnagement. oerb confuse 1. To cause to be unclear in mind or intent: Tha purpose of canwufnge is to confuse the enemy. I was totallg confii,sedby the cornplex memorandum. The heaoy trffic confused the nooice dritser. 2. To put into total disorder: had hopelessly confwed his finances. 3. To take (one thing) mistakenly for another: confrned s. aggressioerless with ru,thlessnes ,0. To cause (a person) to be self-consciously distressed. adiectioe confused l. Charactenzed by physical confusion: a confused sea

Syns: encounter, face-off.

1. Syns: addle, befuddle, bewilder, confound, discombobulate (Slang), dizzy, fuddle, mix up, perplex, throw. -Idimn make one's head reel (ar swim or whirl). 2. Syns: ball up (Slang), disorder, jumble, mess up, muddle, scramble, snafu (Slang), snarll. 3. Syns; confound, misdeem, mistake, mix

up. 4. nunenness. L. Syns: chaotic, confusional, disordered,

conjectural

189 of faces; a confined pile of clothes. 2. Mentally uncertain: I arn totally confiised by this problem. rwun confusedness A lack of order or regular arrangement. nutn confusion l. A lack of order or regular arrangement. 2. Self-consciousdistress. adiectitse confusional Characteri zed by physical confusion. oerb confute To prove or show to be false. oerb congeal 1. To change or be changed from a liquid into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass. 2. To make or become physically hard' rwun C0ngenef Something closely resembling or analogous to something else. congenial" adiectioe 1. Characterized by kindness and warm, unaffected courtesY. 2. Of or befitting a friend or friends. 3. Affording pleasure or comfort. 4. In keeping with one's needs or expectations. 5. Exhibiting accord in feeling or action. adiectirse congenital 1. Possessedat birth. 2. Of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual. 3. Forming an essential element. COngefleS rwun A quantity accumulated. oerb congest To plug up something, as a hole, space, or container. naun conglomeration A collection of various things.

congratulate oerb To be proud of (oneself)becauseof some accomplishment, achievement, etc.

helter-skelter,higgtedy-piggledy, jumbled, mixed-up,muddled,topsyturvy, upside-down. 2. Syns:addled,befuddled,bewildered, discombobulated(Slang).- ldi'orn turned around. DISORDER |WUN,

1. orsonnnr nurn. 2. nMsennAssMENT. CONFUSED. REFUTE.

l. coecur.err. 2. nenopN. PARALLEL

NOUN.

1. cnecrous. 2. 3. 4. 5.

r'nrnrvnr-v. cnersrul. ecnrnesr-n. tlenrtaoNtous.

1. wrgerr. 2. coNsnrurroNAl 3. nurr.r-Iu. ACCUMULATTON. FILL. ASSORTMENT.

pnron oerb.

congregate oerb To come together.

ASSEMBLE.

congregation noun A number of persons who have come or been gathered together. GOngfeSS noun 1. A number of personswho have come or been gathered together. 2. A group of people united in a relationship and having some interest, activity, or pu{pose in common. 3. A formal assemblageof the members of a group.

ASSEMBLY.

1. essrurr-v. 2. uuroN. 3. coxvrnrrou.

congruity nuun Logical agreement among things or parts. COngruOuS adiectioe l. In keeping with one's needs or expectations. 2. Having components pleasingly combined. coniectural adiecthse Presumed to be true, real, or genuine, esp. on inconclusive grounds.

CONSISTENCY.

1. ecnnnenr-n. 2. syuurrRICAL. SUPPOSED.

adiectiae.

conjecture conjecture Derb To draw an inference on the basis of inconclusive evidence or insufficient information. coniecture rwun 1. A judgment, estimate, or opinion arrived at by guessing. 2. Abstract reasoning. coniectured adiectioe Based on inference, not fact. conioin oerb l. To bring or come together into a united whole. 2. To unite or be united in a relationship. conioint adiectiae l. foined together into a whole. 2. Belonging to, shared by, or applicable to all alike. coniugal adiectioe Of, relating to, or typical of marriage.

cvnss aerb.

1. cunss noun. 2. rxnonv.

1. counntp oerb. 2. essocnrn oerb. 1. colrsrxno. 2. cotrlvor.l ad:iectioe. MARITAL.

conjugafity noun The state of being- united as husband and wife. coniugate oerb To bring or come together into a united whole. coniugation noun The result of combining. conjugational adiectiae Of, relating to, or tending to produce combination. conjugativeadiectiae Of, relating to, or tending to produce combination.

MARRIAGE. coNlsrNn

oerb.

COMBINATION. COMBINATIONAL. COMBINATIONAL.

coniunction nou,n The state of being associated.

ASSOCIATION.

coniuration noun 1. The use of skillfirl tricks and deceptions to produce entertainingly baffiing effects. 2. The use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events.

1,. uecrc nnu,n. 2. uecrc noun.

coniure oerb To make an earnest or urgent request. COniury noun l. The use of skillful tricks and deceptions to produce entertainingly baffiing effects. 2. The use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events. COnk rwun l. A sudden sharp, powerful stroke. 2. Slang. The uppermost part of the body. conk out aerb l. To ceasefunctioning properly. 2. Slang. To suddenly lose all health or strength. conk out aerb connate adiectioe Connected by or as if by kinship or common origin. adiectioe Connatural l. Connected by or as if by kinship or common origin. 2. Of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual. COnneCt xerb 1. To bring or come together into a united whole. 2. To join one thing to another. 3. To unite or be united in a relationship. 4. To come or bring together in one's mind or imagination. 5. Informal. To interact with another or others in a meaningf'ul fashion.

APPEAL.

1,. uecrc noun. 2. naeclc noun.

1. sr-owz. 2. nneo noun. L. rerl. 2. cor.r,apsnoerb. sEECOnk. RELATED.

1, nnr-erno. 2. cowsrrrurroNAr- adiectiae.

1. 2. 3. 4.

coverr.rn oerb. nrrncn. e.ssocnrn aerb. assocnrn aerb.

5. nnr-ern.

consecrated

191 COnneGtiOn rwun 1. A point or position at which two or more things are joined. 2. The state of b"t tg associated. 3, A feeling, thought, idea, etc., associated in one's mind or imagination with someone or something specific. 4. A logical or natural association between two or more thttgt. 5. Slang. An acquaintance who is in a position to help.

conniption nuun Inforrnal. An angry outburst. conhivanG€ alsoconnivence twun A secretplan to achievean evil or illegal end. connive oerb To work out a secretplan to achievean evil or illegal end. conniveat oerb To pretendnot to see. connive at aerb connivence rwun connotation nou,n A feeling,thought,idea, etc., associatedin one'smind or imaginationwith someoneor somethingspecific. connote oerb To have or conveya particular idea. connubial adiectioe Of, relatingto, or typical of marriage. connubiality rmun The state of being united as husbandand wife. COnquer aerb 1. To win a victory over, as in battle or a compeUtion. 2. To get the better of. adiectioe conquering Pertaining to, having the nature of, or experiencing triumph. COnqUefOl naun One that conquers: the conqueror of Wales. COnqUeSt noun The act of conquering: the Norman Conquest.

1 . JOrNT

nOUn.

2 . ASSOCIATION. 3. SUGGESTION. 4. nsr-errox. 5. corvrecr rwun. TEMPER NAUN. PLOT fWUn.

prot oerb.

BLrNKer at blink. sEEconnive. snp connivance. SUGGESTION.

MARITAL. MARRIAGE.

rnrn,Lr oerb. rnrv^p:g oerb. VICTORIOUS.

Syns: conquistador, master, victor, winner.

Syns; triumph,

conquistador naun One that.conquers. consanguine adiectiae consanguineous alsocollssnguine adiectiae Connectedby or asif by kinshipor commonorigin. conscienceless adiectirse Lacking scruplesor principles. conscious adiecthse and appreciation. Tendingtoward awareness COISCIOUS]IeSS noun The condition of being aware.

CoNQUEROR.

sEEConsanguineous. RELATED. UNSCRUPULOUS. MINDFUL. AWARENESS.

conscript oerb To enroll compulsorily in military service.

onlrrr oerb.

conscription rwun Compulsory enrollment in military service.

DRAFT TIOUN.

conseGrate uerb 1. To make sacred by a religious rite. 2. To give over by or as if by vow to a higher purpose. COnSeCrated adiectiae Given over exclusively to a single use or pu{pose.

1. seNcrrrv. 2. opvorp.

SACRED.

r92

consecution COnSeCUtiOn rwrrn l. A way in which things follow each other in space or time. 2. A number of things placed or occurring one after the other. adiectioe consecutive Following one after another in an orderly pattern: /t was cbudy f* ti* consecutitse days. COnSenSUS rwun The quality or condition of being in complete mutual agreement. COnSent rwun 1. The act or process of accepting. 2. Approval for an action, esp. its granted by one in authority. consent oerb l. To reqpond afirmatively. 2. To give one's consent to. COnSeqUenCe rroun 1. Something brought about by a cause. 2.Tlnre qualrty or state of being important. COnseguent adieciilse Consistent with reason and intellect. consequential adiectioe 1. Having geat significance. 2. Having or exercising infuence. COnSefVanCy rwun the careful guarding of an asset. COnSefVatiOn nou,n The careful guarding of an asset: wildlife consensation. conservative adiectioe l. Strongly favoring retention of the existing order: a consensathsepolitician. 2. Kept within sensible limits: a conserDathseestimate; corxensatioe attire. 3. Able to preserve. conservative rwun One who strongly favors retention of the exisUng order: a p olitical consenntioe. noun COnsefvatOr Law. A, person who is legally responsible for the person or property of another considered by law to be incompetent to manage his affairs.

1. ononn noun. 2. snnrns.

Syns; sequent, sequential, serial, subsequent, subsequential, succedent,

successional' successive' ;:,i,i. 1. eccppreNcr. 2. pnnurssroN.

1. essprvroerb. 2. pnnlr.tr oerb. 1. nrrncr noun. 2. ruponreNcn. LOGICAL.

1. ruponuxr. 2. rrvrr-unxtrer-. CONSERVATION.

Syns; conservancy, husbandry, management, preserval, preservation. l. Syns; orthodox, right, rightist, rigfrtwing, Tory, traditionalist (also traditionalistic ). 2. Syns: discreet, moderate, reasonable, restrained, temperate. 3. pnnsnnvATrvE. Syns; fundamentalist, praetorian, rightist, right-winger, Tory.

conservatory adiectioe Able to preserve. COnSefVe oerb 1. To protect (an asset) from loss or destruction: consen)e energa. 2.To prepare (food) for storage and future use: aorgen)e straubeties. oerb consider l. To think about seriously: considered all the optiorw 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

first.

To To To To To

look upon in a particular way. have an opinion. have a high opinion of. be occupied or concerned. direct the eyes on an object.

PRESERVATIVE.

1. Syns; husband, preserve, save. 2. Syns: can, preserve, put up.

1. Syns; cogitate, entertain, excogitate, study, think over. 2. nnc*o oerb. 3. nrr.rBvn. 4. eournr. 5. onN- oerb. 6. roox oerb.

consort

193 considerable adiecthse 1. Notably aboveaveragein amount,size,or scope. 2. Having great significance. considerably adoerb To a considerableextent: salescorwiderablyhigher than forecast. considbrate adiectioe Full of polite concernfor the well-beingof others. considerately adaerb In a consideratemanner:Treatyour parents considerately. consideration noun 1. Thoughtful attention:consideration for the feelings of others. 2. A careful consideringof a matter. 3. Concentrationof the mental powerson something. 4. Somethinggiven in exchangefor goodsor services rendered. 5. A feeling of deference,approval,and liking. considered adiectirrc 1. Resultingfrom deliberationand careful thought. 2. Planned,weighed,or estimatedin advance. consign oerb 1. To give over to anotherfor care,use,or performance. 2. To cause(something)to be conveyedto a destination. 3. To place officiallyin confinement. consist aerb 1. To have asan inherentbasis:The beauty of the styb consistsin its sirnplicity. 2. To be compatibleor in correspondence. consist of oerb To be the constituentparts of. consistence noun consistenG! alsoconsistence rwun Logical ageement amongthingsor parts: The statementslnck consistency. consistenl adiectioe 1. Remainingcontinuallyunchanged:a consistent adaocateof reform. 2. In keepingwith one'sneedsor expectations. consistently adaerb In an expectedor customarymanner. consist of oerb consolate aerb Obs.To give hope to in time of grief or pain. consolation rwun A consolingin time of grief or pain. console oerb To give hope to in time of grief or pain. consolidation naun A bringing togetler into a whole. COnSOnanCenoun l. Harmoniousmutual understanding. 2. Mu* Pleasingagreement,as of musicalsounds. conSonanl adiectiae l. Characterized bv harmonvof sound. 2. In keepingwith on"', .r""d, or expectations. COnSOrt aerb l. To keep company. 2. Obs. To be with or go with (another).

1 . BIG. 2 . IMPORTANT. Syns;far, quite, wellz.-Idiorns by a long shot (or way), by a wide margin,by far. ATTENTIVE.

Syns: solicitously, wel12.

1. Syns; concern, regard, solicifude, thoughtfulness. 2. epvrsrunr.u. 3. errnxnoN. 4. pavMnrcr. 5. rsrnslr rwun. 1. envrspo. 2. cer-cur-ATED. 1. BNrnusr. 2. ssND. 3. cotvttutr. l. Syns; dwell, exist, inhere, Iiet, repose, reside, restl. 2. ecnrr. CONSTITUTE.

sEEconsistency. Syns; coherence, conformity, congruity, correspondence. l. Syns; constant, invariable, siune, unchanging, unfailing. 2. ecnpresr-p. USUALLY.

srn consist. couronr

oerb.

coMFoRT naun. couronr aerb. UNIFICATION. 1. ecnsnvBNr. 2. nenuorw. 1. senuoxrous. 2. ecnreABr-E. l. essocnrn oerb. 2. eccouper+v.

conspicuous COnSOrt naun A husband or wife. ad;iectiae conspicuous 1. Readily attracting notice. 2. Standing out prominently. COnSplfaGy noun A secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end. COnSplfe aerb To work out a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end.

SPOUSE. NOTICEABLE. BOLD. PLOT nOUn.

pror oerb.

constable nuun Bnt. L member of a law-enforcement agency.

POLICEMAN.

constancy nou,n Faithfulness or devotion to a person, a cause, obligations, or duties. constant ad;iectioe 1. Remaining continually unchanged. 2. Having no variations. 3. Existing or occurring without interruption or end. 4. Adhering firmly and devotedly, as to a person, a cause, or a duty.

FIDELITY.

1. 2. 3. 4.

coNsrsrnxr. rvrNr ad;iectioe. cowrwuar-. rerrnrur,.

consternate oerb To deprive of courage or the power to act as a result of fear, anxiety, or disgust.

otsv.lry aerb.

consternation noun l. A sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger. 2. Great agitation and anxiety caused by the expectation or the realization of danger. constituent adiectioe Constructed as a nondetachable part of a larger unit. constituenl noun One of the individual entities contributing to a whole.

l. olsuay rnun. 2. rean noun.

BUILT-IN. ELEMENT.

constitute aerb 1. To be the constituent parts of: Ten members corwtitute a quonfin. 2. To cause to be by official action. 3. To bring into existence formally. 4. To prt in force by legal authority. 5. To be equivalent.

l. Syns; compose, comprise, consist of, form, make, make up. 2. nxecr. 3. rourvn. 4. nsrenr,rsn. 5. euouNr oerb.

constitution noun Bodily type: a strong constitutian.

constitutional ad;iectioe l. Of or arisingfrom the mostbasicstructureof an individual: corwtitutianal weakrws ses.

2. Constituting or forming part of the essenceof something. constitutional rwun A usu. brief and regular journey on foot, esp. for exercise: a moming constitutional through the park.

Syns: build, habit (Rare), habitus, physrque. 1. Syns; congenital, connatural, elemental, inborn, inbred, indigenous, indwelling, ingenerate, ingrained, inherent, innate, intrinsic. 2. nssnr*rrN. adiectioe.

Syns.' hike, turn, walk.

constitutive adiectioe Constituting or forming part of the essenceof something.

ESsENTTAT adiectioe.

constrain oerb l. To check the freedom and spontaneity of: a friendship nous constrained by tension. 2. To subject to compression. 3. To act on with a steady pushing force. 4, To control, restrict, or arrest.

l . Syns: astrict, constrict, cramp, inhibit.

2 . sqvnnzo oerb. 3 . cnowo aerb. 4. RESTRAIN.

consume

195 5. roncn aerb. 5. To cause (a person or thing) to act or move in spite of resistance. adiectioe constrained 1,. awrwano. l. Characterized by embarrassment and discomfort. 2. Tending to keep one's thoughts and emotions to oneself. 2. nnsnnwo. 3. noncro. 3. Done under force.

constrainment nnun The act of limiting or condition of being limited.

RESTRICTION.

constraint rwun 1. Power used to overcome resistance. 2. Something that limits or restricts. 3. The act of limiting or condition of being limited.

l. roncn rmun. 2. npsrntcrroN. 3. npsrnrcrroll.

constrict oerb 1. To render narrow or narrower: constricted blood oessels. 2, To subject to compression. 3. To reduce in size by or as if by drawing together. 4. To check the freedom and spontaneity of. noltn constriction l. A becoming narrow or narrower: a constriction of the small bowel. 2. A compressing of something: The tight collnr produced a painful constnction of my neck.

1. Syns; constringe, narrow. 2. squnnzn oerb. 3. coxrnect oerb. 4. coNsrnerr.l. l. Syn: stricture (Path.). 2. Syns: compression,squeeze,squeezing.

constringe oerb 1. To subject to compression. 2, To render narrow or narrower.

L. squnnzn aerb. 2. coNsrnrcr.

construct oerb 1. To create by forming, combining, or altering materials. 2. To make or form (a structure). '

l. rvrexn. 2. rlvtro oerb.

construction noun Something that serves to explain or clarify.

constructor noun thatmakesor buildssomething. A personor business construe oerb 1. To make understandable. 2. To understand in a particular way. 3. To express in another language, while systematically retaining the original sense.

EXPLANATION. BUILDER.

1. sxPLerN.

2. n'ITnnpnnr. 3. rneNsr-err.

consuetude ncrun An accepted way of doing something. oerb consult To meet and exchange views to reach a decision.

CONVENTION. CONFER.

consultanl rnun One who advises another, esp. officially or professionally.

ADVISER.

consultation' rwun An exchange of views in an attempt to reach a decision. adiectioe consuftative Giving advice. adiectirse consuftatory Giving advice. consuft-ing adiectioe Giving advice.

DELIBERATION.

ADVISORY. ADVISORY. ADVISORY.

consume oerb 1. To eat completely or entirely: consumed eight pancakes in a flnsh. 2. To take (food) into the body as nourishment. 3. To do away with completely arrd destructlely: a bodg consumed with carlter; a building consu,.medby fnmes.

1. Syns; devour, dispatch, eat up, polish ofr (Infonnal), punish (Informal), pttt away, shift. 2. nlrr. 3. Syns; devour, eat, eat up, swallow (up), waste.

consumed 4. To use all of. 5. To be depleted. 6. To spend (money) excessively and usu. foolishly. 7. To occupy the full attention of. foolishly or needlessly. 8. To use up 'adiectitse cOnSUmed Having one's thoughts fully occupied. cOnSUmel rwun One who consumes goods and services: gas consuffers. consuming adiectioe Catching and holding the ftrll attention. COnSUmmate oerb To bring or come to a natural or proper end. consummate adiectioe 1. Supremely excellent in quality or nature. 2. Completely such, without qualification or exception. GOnSUmmallOn rwun 1. A concluding or terminating. 2. T\e condition of being fulfilled. cOnSUmptiOn noun 1. A quantity consumed: C,asconsumptian has markedly increased. 2. A contagious diseaseproducing lesions esp. of the lungs. consumptive adiectioe 1. Tending to consume and destroy: taslcscorwurnpthse of nry tim.e; a corwuntptir:e fwe. 2. Path. Pertaining to or affiicted with tuberculosis.

196 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

rxgeusr, co aerb. wtsre aerb. essons. wxrn oerb.

ABSORBED.

Syns: customer, user. ABSORBINC. ct-osgr Derb. 1. prnrncr

adiectiae.

2. urrrn2. 1. Br.ronaun. 2. rur.rrr,r,MENT. 1. Syns; usage,use. 2. runnnculosrs.

l. Syns; desolating, ravaging, wasting, 2. rusenculen.

contact rwun l. A coming together so as to be touching: body contact. 2. A situation allowing exchange of ideas or messages. 3. An acquaintance who is in a position to help: receioed the information from a goDerrtnlent contact. contact oerb 1. To bring into or make contact with: a bum ushere the acid contacted his body. 2. Infonnal. To succeed in communicating with.

l. Syns; contingence, touch. 2. roucrr rwun. 3. Syns: connection (Slnng), source.

L. Syn: touch. 2. nrecn.

contagion rnun Anything that is injurious, destructive, or fatal. contagious adiectiae Capable of transmission by infection. contain oerb 1. To have within: Orange iuice contains oitamin C. 2.To have as an integral part: The estate contains a rrvutor house and grounds. 3. To have the room or capacity for. 4. To brttg one's emotions under control.

POISON TIDUN.

COMMUNICABLE.

l. Syns: have, hold. 2. Syns: comprehend, comprise, embody, embrace, encompass,have, include, involve, subsume, take in. 3. acconuoDATE. 4. corvriosn.

contaminant noun One that contaminatesi seuage and other contamirwnts.

Syns: adulterant, adulterator, contamination, contaminator, impurity, poison, pollutant.

contaminate oerb 1. To makephysicallyimpure: uater contamirwted rpith radiaactioewastes. 2. To make morally impure. contaminated adiectioe Ceremoniallyor religiouslyunfit. contaminating a.diectiae Morally detrimental.

1. Syns; befoul, foul, poison, pollute. 2. rxNr oerb. IMPURE.

UNWHOLESOME.

content

197 contamination nnun 1. The state of being contaminated,: rad,ioacthse contamirntion. 2. One that contaminates. adiectioe contaminative Morallv detrimental.

1. Syns; adulteration, pollution. 2. conreuINANT.

contamlnator noun One that contaminates. contemn oerb To regard with utter contempt and disdain.

CONTAMINANT.

DESPISE.

contemplate oerb 1. To have in mind as a goal or pu{pose. 2. To direct the eyes on an object. 3. To consider carefully and at length.

contemplative ad,iectioe by, or disposed to thought. Of, characterized contemporanean froun 1. A personof the presentage. 2. One of the same time or age as another. contemporanean adiectioe Belonging to the same period of time as another.

1, nwnro. 2. r.oox oerb. 3. por.ronn. THOUCHTFUL. l. coNrnupoRARY 2. corirrnuPoRARY

nodn. rwrrn.

coNTEMPo n rnv adi e c'tio e.

contemporaneous adiecthse Belonging to the same period of time as another.

coNTEMPo n t*r

adi ectioe.

contemporary adiectioe 1. Belonging to the same period of time as anotler: a fact documented by two contemporary sources.

2. In existence now. 3. Modern: u)(N aery contmtporary in his thinking.

4. Existing or occurring gt the same moment. contemporary fwun 1. One of the same time or age as another: c contemporary of Tolstoy. 2. A person of the present age Shostakopich and, other conternporaries.

l . Syns: coetaneous, coeval, coexistent, concurrent, contemporanean, contemporaneous, synchronic (aho synchronical ), synchronous. pnesEvtr adiectine. Syns; au courant (Frerch), mod, (Informal), up-to-date, up-to-the-

4.

ilfJ];^^""",.

l . Syns; coeval, contemporanean. 2. Syns; contemporanean, modern.

contemporize oerb To make contemporary.

MODERNIZE.

contempt noun l. The disposition boldly to defy or resist authority or an opposing force. 2. The feeling of despising. contempt wrb Archaic. To regard with utter contempt and disdain. contemptible ad,iectitse 1. Having or proceeding from low moral standards. 2. So objectionable as to elicit despisal. adiectioe contemptuous Marked bv defiance. tserb contend 1. To strive in opposition to: contend,edwith hearsy trafic; two nntions contend,ing for rutcl.ear xryeriority. 2. To state to be true. 3. To strive against (others) for victory. 4. To put forth reasonsfor or against. 5. To engage in a quarrel.

1. orneNcr. 2. onsprser-. DESPISE.

1. sonoro. 2. rrr-rrrv. DEFIANT.

1. Syns: battle, combat, fight, oppugn, struggle, tilt, vie, war, wrestle. 2. ct-rtlu perb. 3. conrppre. 4. encun. 5. encur.

contendet rwun One that competes. content ad:iectioe Having achievedsatisfaction,as of one'sgoal.

COMPETTTOR.

FULFILLED.

198

contention contention rwun 1. A state of disagreement and disharmony. 2. A discussion, often heated, in which a difference of opinion is expressed. 3. A statement of something as fact. 4. A hypothetical, controversial proposition. contentious adiectiae l. Inclined to act in a hostile way. 2. Having or showing an eagernessto fight. 3. Given to arguing.

1. coNpr-rcr tmun. 2. a-ncuurwr. 3. cr-ernatwun. 4. rnrsrs. 1. eccnnssrvr. 2. srLLrcnRENT. 3. encunanNTATrvE.

contentiousness nuun 1. Hostile behavior. 2. Warlike or hostile attitude or nature. 3. The power or will to fight. conterminous adiectioe Sharing a common boundary.

1. eccnpssroN. 2. snLr-rcrRENcE. 3. rrcnr rwun. ADIOINING.

contest oerb l. To take a standagainst:contestedthe court ding. 2. To strive against(others)for victory. Contest rwun l. A strugglewith othersfor victory or supremacy. 2. A trial of skill or ability. contestanl rwun One that competes. contestation norm A hypothetical,controversialproposition. contested adiecthse In doubt or dispute. contexture twun A distinctive,complexunderlyingpattern or structure. contiguous ad;iectiae Sharinga commonboundary. continent ad;iecth:e Exercisingmoderationand self-restraintin appetites and behavior. contingence nutn A comingtogetherso as to be touching. contingency noun Somethingthat may occur or be done. contingenl adiectitse l. Determinedor to be determinedby someoneor somethingelse. 2. Occurringunexpectedly. continual ad:iectiae Existing or occurring without interruption or end: uere initated by their continual cornplaints.

1. Syns; buckr, challenge, combat, dispute, fight, oppose, recalcitrate, resist, traverse. 2, coupnrr. l.

2 . COMPETITION. COMPETITOR. THESTS. DEBATABLE. TEXTURE. ADJOINING. TEMPERATE.

CONTACT NUIN. POSSIBILITY.

1. onpsNDnrrr adiectioe. 2. eccrorxrtr

adiectioe.

Syns; ceaseless,constant, continuous, endless, eternal, everlasting, incessant, interminable, nonstop, perpefual, relentless, round-the-clock (also aroundthe-clock), timeless, unceasing, unending, uninterrupted, unremitting.

continuance rwun An uninterrupted course: uere concemed about the contimtnrrce of the symptxms. noun continuation 1. Uninterrupted existence or succession:a contirutation. of the hostilities. 2. An uninterrupted course.

Syns; continuation, persistence (also persistency), run. 1.. Syns; continuity, continuum, duration, endurance, persistence (also persistency). 2. corvrntuANcE.

continue oerb l. To go on after an interruption: I contirnted usorking after lurrch.

1. Syns; pick up, recommence, renew, reopen, restart, resume, take up.

contrary

199 2. To remain in existence or in a certain state for an indefinitely long time. adiectioe continuing l. Existing or remaining in the same state for an indefinitely long time: enioyed a continuing friendship usith them. 2. Of long duration.

2. nxnunB.

1. Syns; abiding, enduring, inveterate, lasting, longJasting, longJived, longstanding, old, perdurable, perennial. 2. cnnoNtc.

continuity twun Uninterrupted existence or succession. adiecthse continuous Existing or occurring without interruption or end. twun continuum Uninterrupted existence or succession. aerb contort To alter and spoil the natural form or appearance of.

CONTINUATION. CONTINUAL. CONTINUATION. DEFORM.

contour noun A line marking and shaping the outer form of an object.

OUTLINE

TI,OUN.

contra noun That which is diametrically opposed to another.

oPPOSITE nOUn.

contraband aerb To import or export 'nounsecretly and illegally. contrablandist A person who engagesin smuggling.

SMUGGLE. SMUGGLER.

contract aerb 1. Syns; bargain, covenant. 1. To enter into a formal ageement: contracted u:ith local uorkers to hansest the cucumbers. 2. Syns: catch, develop, get, sicken, take. 2.To become afiected with a disease:contracted -Idiorn come down with. diphtheria. 3. Syns: compress, constrict, shrink. 3. To reduce in size by or as if by drawing together: contract an ann mtncle. 4. prtncn aerb. 4. To assume an obligation. contract noun 1 . AGREEMENT. 1. A legally binding arrangement between parties. 2 . BARGAIN NOU'N 2. An agreement, esp. one involving a sale or exchange. oerb contradicl 1. coNrr.rcr oerb. 1. To fail to be in accord. 2.To refuse to admit the truth, reality, value, or worthof. 2. oeNY.

contradiction noun A refusal to gant the truth of a statement or charge.

DENIAL,

contradictory adiecthse Diametrically opposed. contradictorY noun That which is diametrically opposed to another. noun contradistinction 1. The condition of being in conflict. 2. Striking difference between compared individuals. oerb contradistinguish To compare so as to reveal differences.

oPPosrrE adiectiae. OPPOSITE NOUN,

1. opposnron. 2. covrnasr noun. cowrnest oerb.

contraposition rwun 1. The condition of being in conflict. 2. That which is diametrically opposed to another. noun contraption 1. Something, as a machine, devised for a particular function. 2. A small, specialized mechanical device. rwun contrariety The condition of being in conflict. adiectiae contrarious Rare. Given to acting in opposition to others. adiectiae contrary 1. Characterized by a natural or innate opposition: a

1. opposrrroN. 2. opposrrg noun. 1..onvrcn. 2. ceocrr. OPPOSITION.

coNTRARY adiectiae 1. Syns: antipathetic,

antithetical

(also

contrast policy contrary to ethical principles. 2. Given to acting in opposition to others: a contrary person who refused to confonn. 3. Diametrically opposed. contrary noun 1. The condition of being in conflict. 2. That which is diametrically opposed to another.

contrast aerb To compare so as to reveal differences: a poerru contrasting good and eail. contrast noun Striking difference between compared individuals: the contrast between father and son.

200 antithetic ), antonymous, opposite, repugnant (Log1c). 2. Syns: balky, contrarious (Rare), difficult, froward, impossible, ornery, perverse, wayward. 3. opposrrr adiectioe. 1. opposrrrorq, 2. opposrrq twun. Syns: contradistinguish, set off (against).

Syns: contradistinction, counterpoint.

contravene oerb

l. To fail to fulfill (a promise) or conform to (a regulation). 2. To refuse to admit the truth, reality, value, or worth of.

1. vror-ern. 2. onNY.

contravention noun An act or instance of breaking a law or regulation or of nonfulfillment of an obligation, promise, etc.

BREACH |WUN.

contretemps noun An unexpected and usu. undesirable event.

ACCIDENT.

contribute oerb l. To give in common with others: All employees contributed to the retirement fund. 2. To have a share in (an act, result, etc.); have a hand in: AII of us contributed to the cost orsemln. 3. T9 present as a gift to a charity or cause.

contribition twun Something given to a charity or cause. contributive adiectiae Tending to contribute to a result: factors contributirse to intemational terwion.

1. Syns; chip in (lnforrruI), come across (Slang), come through (Informal), donate, kick in (Slang), subscribe. 2, Syns: conduce (to or toward), partake (in), share (in). 3. ooNarr. DONATION.

Syn.'conducive.

contributor noun l. A person who gives to a charity or cause. 2. A person instrumental in the growth of something, esp. in its early stages. 3. A person who supports or champions an activity, institution, etc.

contributory adiectirse Giving or able to give help or support. contrite adiectioe 1. Expressrngor inclined to expressan apologlr. 2. Feelingor expressingreget for one'ssinsor misdeeds. contriteness noun

l. ooNon.

2. surr-nnn. 3. pernoN.

AuxrLrARYadiectioe. l. apor.ocnrrc adiectiae. 2. nnuonsEFul.

A feeling of regret for one's sins or misdeeds.

contrition ,-in A feeling of regret for one's sins or misdeeds.

contrivance noun l. Something invented. 2. A small, specializedmechanical device. 3. Something as a machine, devised for a particular function.

l. nwnr.rrlol.r. 2. ceocpr. 3. pnvrcn.

contrive oerb 1. To use ingenulty in making, developing, or achieving. 2. To form a strategr for.

1. nwnwr. 2. onstcN oerb.

201 adiectiae contrived Pretentiously artistic. control oerb 1. To exercise authority or influence over: The Romnns controlled a huge empire.

2. To bring one's emotions under control. 3. To keep the mechanical operation of (a device) within proper parameters. control noun l. The right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge. 2. The act of exercising controlling power or the condition of being so controlled. 3. The continuous exercise of authority over a political unit. 4. The keeping of one's thoughts and emotions to oneself. adiectioe controflable Capable of being governed. controf led adiectiae Tending to keep one's thoughts and emotions to oneself. adiectiae controlling Exercising controlling power or influence.

convenient ARTY.

l. Syns; direct, dominate, govern, rule. -Idioms be at the helm, be in the driver's seat, hold sway over, hold the reins. 2. cornrposr. 3. covnnN.

1. eurHonrlr. 2. ool,rwertoN. 3. covnnNMENT. 4. nnsnnvn naun.

GOVERNABLE. RESERVED.

DOMINANT.

controversy noun A discussion, often heated, in which a difference of opinion is expressed.

ARCUMENT.

controvert aerb To refuse to admit the truth, reality, value, or worth of. contumacious adiectir:e Marked by defiance.

DEI',IY. DEFIANT.

contumacy noun The disposition boldly to defy or resist authority or an opposing force. adiectioe contumelious l. Of, relating to, or characterized by verbal abuse. 2. Rude and disrespectful.

DEFIANCE.

1 . ABUSIVE. 2 . IMPUDENT.

contumely noun l. Harsh, often insulting language. 2. An act that offends a person's sense of pride or dignity.

1 . VITUPERATION. 2 . INDIGNITY.

contuse oerb To make or receive a bruise or bruises on.

COnundfUm noun Anything that arousescuriosityor perplexesbecauseit is unexplained,inexplicable,or secret. convalesce oerb To regainone'shealth. COnVene aerb 1. To demand to appear, come, or assemble. 2. To bring together. 3. To come together. convenience noun Anything that increases physical comfort. convenience aerb To perform a service or a courteous act. adiectioe Convenienl 1. Suited to one's end or purpose: f*"d a corusenient excu,sernt to go.

snvsg, oerb.

MysrERy.

RECO\IER.

L. cx.t oerb. 2. essnvsln. 3. essnMsr.n. AMENITY.

OBLIGB.

L. Syns: appropriate, befitting, expedient, fit, good, meet2 (Archaic), proper, suitable, tailor-made, useful.

convention 2. Being within easy reach: found a conoenient location for the shehses. COnvention noun 1. A formal assemblageof the members of a group: a medical conaention. 2. A legally binding arrangement between parties. 3. A formal, usu. written settlement between nations.

202 2. Syns: close-at-hand,close-by, handy, near-at-hand, nearby. 1.. Syns: assembly,conference, congress, convocaUon,meetinq. 2. a.cneButNr. 3. rnparv.

4. An acceptedway of doingsomething:socinlcomsentions.4. Syns:consuetude, form, usage. COnventional adiectirse 1. Conforming to established practice or standards: conaentional attire; a corwentional oiew of society.

2. Generally approved or agreed upon. 3. Forrd of or given to ceremony.

conventionalize oerb To make convention al: conrsentionalizeddecorating schemes. COnverge oerb 1. To come together. 2. To direct toward a common center. COnvefgenGe noun l. A converging at a common center. 2. The act or fact of coming near. 3. The act or fact of coming together. Conversant adiectioe l' Having good knowledge of. 2. Marked by comprehension, cognizance, and percepuon. COnVerSatiOn noun Spoken exchange: a telephone corwersation with a friend. conversational adiectiae l. In the style of conversation: a corwersatiorutl nnnatine. 2. Given to conversation.

conversationalist.also conV€rsationist noun One given to conversation: an excellent conoersatiornlist at parties.

conVersationistTwun COnVefSer

rserb in spoken exchange: conaersedsoftly in the

T#f* converse nnun l. Spoken exchange, 2. Rare. The exchange of ideas by writing, speech, or signals. conve;se2 adiectioe Diametrically opposed. converse fmun That which is diametrically opposed to another. COnVerSiOn rmun l. A usu. physical change^ofone thing into another: the companA's conrsersionfrorn dornestic to military production. 2. The process or result of giving a different form or appearance. 3. A fundamental change in one's beliefs: conaersion from the Methodist to the Catholic faith. COnVert oerb 1. To change into a different form, substance, or state:

1. Syns; button-down (Infonrwl), conformist, establishmentarian, orthodox, square (Slang), straight (Slnng), traditional. 2. eccrpreo. 3. cnnnnroNrous. Syns: conform, stylize.

L. ct osnl oerb. 2. coxcnmtnarn. 1. coNcsI.{TRATIoN. 2. eppnoeclg.

noun.

3. luNcuox. 1. nerrrr-renadiectiae. 2. ewann.

Syns: chat, colloquy, confabulation, converser,coze, dialogue (ako dialog), parley, talk. L. Syns: chatty, colloquial, confabulatory, informal. 2. rer,mrnn. Syns : colloquialist, colloquist, confabulator, discourser, talker. sEEConversationalist. Syns: chat, confabulate, coze, discourse, speak, talk, visit (Informal). 1. cor,wBnsATroN. 2. courr.luNrcATroN.

."":r'r::*' l. Syns; alteration, changeover, shift, transformation. 2. cnewcn noun. 3. Syns: metanoia, rebirth, regeneration.

L. Syns: commute, metamorphize,

203 corwert uater into ice; corwert a country from democracY to Police state. 2.To convince (another) to adopt a particular faith or belief: Missiornries conrserted the islnnd'ers to ChnstinnitY. COnVey oerb 1. To cause to come along with oneself' 2. To move while suPPorting. 3, To cause to be transferred from one to another' 4. To serve as a conduit. 5. To make known. put into words. 6. To 'giue to' as by gestures, facial aspects' 7. To "*pt"ssion or bodilY Posture. 8. To ."ot" (a disease)to pass to another or others' 9. Law. To change the owhership of (property) by means of a legal document. COnVeYanGe noun 1. T{re moving of persons or goods from one place to another. 2. Law. A making over of legal ownership or.title' 3. Archait The c-rime of taking someone else's proPerty without consent.

convlctfotr rwun

1. Somethingbelievedor acceptedas trueby.a person' 2. The fact 6. conditionof being without doubt' convince oerb 1. To cause(another)to believe something:Conoirwe me that l'm u>rong! 2, To succeed in causing (a person) to act in a certain way. adiecttae convinding 1, Serving to convince: a cotwhtting argunent' 2. Worthy of belief because of precision, faithfr-rlnessto an original, etc. adiectwe convivial 1. Liking comPany. 2. Spent] marked by, or enjoyed in the company of others. 3. Of or befitting a friend or friends' noun convocation l. A formal assemblageof the members of a group' 2. A number of persons who have come or been gathered together. Convoke oerb 1. To demand to appear, come, or assemble' 2. To bring together. adiectiae convoluted Difficult to understand due to intricacy'

convulse oerb

To cause to move to and fro violently' rwun convulsion 1. The condition of being physically agitated' 2. A condition of anguished struggle and disorder' 3. A momentous or sweePing change' oerb cook To prepare (food) for eating by the use of heat: cooked his steak rare.

metamorphose, mutate, transfer, transfigure, transform, translate' transmogrify, transmute, transpose, transubstantiate. 2. Syns: lead, persuade.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

snrNc. c*nu oerb. prss oerb. corvoucr oerb. coMMutIrcATE. srr. oerb. nxpnnss oerb.

8. couuuNIcATE. 9. rnaNsrnn.

1. rnaNspoRTATroN. 2, cnavr rtoun. 3. r.e.ncsNY.

1. rrr.mr. 2. sunrress. 1. Syns; assure, persuade, satisfy, win over. 2. pnnsuePr.

1. Syns; cogent, persuasive, satisfactory, satisfying solid, sound2, telling' 2. eurnrn'rrc.

COMPANIONABLE. SOCIAL.

3 . FRIENDLY. 1. coxvpNrtow. 2. Asssl"rsr-v.

l. ctu, oerb. 2. essBMsl-n. coMPLEx ad;iectirse. AGITATE.

1. acrrerroN. 2. firnos. 3. nrvor.urrow.

cookup cook up oerb Infonnal. To use ingenuity in making, developing, or achieving. cook noun A person who prepares food for eating: an excellent cook. cook up oerb cool adiectioe l. Not excited, even under pressure: a cool and "Tiry person. controlled

2. Not friendly, sociable, or wann in manner: a shy, cool person.

3. Marked by a low temperature. 4. Slang. Particularly excLlent. cool oerb To bring one's emotions under control. coOl nuun l. Slang. A stable, calm state of the emotions. S^P"S The state or quality of being nonchalant. ?. 3..Slang. Lack of emotibnal agitation. COOlef noun S_bS A place for the confinement of persons in lawf-ul detention. coof-headed ad;iectioe Not easily excited, even under pressure. cOolie also cOOl! rmun One who labors.

coolness noun 1. Relative lack of warmth. 2. A stable, calm state of the emotions. Coolth nou,n Relative lack of warmth. COOIy twun COOp oerb To confine within a limited area. GOOp nutn place for the confinement of persons in lawf'l 1fu9.A detention. CoOperanl adiectit:e Working together toward a common end. C0operate oerb To work together toward a common end,: The hao agenci,e-s.cooperatedon the energ7 policg. GOOpefatlOn noun 1. Joint work toward a common end: mutual ^ clqeration, among the allies to achieoe peace. 2. The state of being associated.

Syns.' chef, cuisinier. snn cook. l. Syns; calm, collected, composed, cool_ headed, detached, disimpasiioned, evenl, even-tempered, imperfurbable, nonchalant, unflappable (Slang), unruffied. 2. Syns: aloof, chilly, distant, frosty, offish, remote, reserved, reticeni. solitary, standoffish, unapproachable, uncommunicative, undemonstrative. withdrawn. cot-n adiectioe. MARVELOUS.

COMPOSE. l. sALeNcn twun. 2. r.roNcHALANCE. 3. c,lr,u rwun. IALL froun.

coot- adiectioe. LASORER. coLD lWUn. BAIANCE NDUN.

coLD rmun. snn coolie. ENCLOSE.

JA.[Lrwun.

COOPERATIVE.

Syns: coadjute, collaborate.

1. Syns; coadjuvancy, coagency, collaboration, synergy, teamwork. 2. assocnrroN.

cooperative adiectioe lprking togethertowarda commonend:a cooperatitse Syns: coefficient, efort. synergetic. coordinatealsoco-ordinate oerb l. To brug into accord. 2. To combine and adapt in order to attain a parUcular effect. COp rrDt n Informal. A member of a law-enforcement agency.

HARMONIZE. HANMONIZE.

POLICEMAN.

collaborative, cooperant,

corporeal

205 cop Derb l. Stang. To obtain possessionor control of. 2. Slang. To take (another's property) without permission.

copartnet rwun One who is united in a relationship with another. adiectioe copious l. Characterized by abundance. 2. Large in number or Yield. COPpef noun Slang. A member of a law-enforcement agency. oerb copulate To engage in sexual relations with. COpy turun f . en inferior substitute imitating an original: cn inexperwfue coPY of the tiam. 2. Something closely resembling another: copies of Louis XV furruture. 3. A representation of a person or thing. coPY oerb 1. To make a copy of: copied an' ori$nal design. 2. To take as a model. oerb coqUet To make amorous advances without serious intentions. COqUetrY noun The practice of flirting.

ASSOCIATE |WUN.

1. cnrsnnous. 2. usew ad;iectitse. POLICEMAN.

rtsn oerb. l. Syns,' brummagem, ersatz, imitation, pinchbeck, simulacrum (olso simulacre ), simulation. 2. Syns: duplicate, facsimile, reduplication, replica, replication, reproducti on. -Idiorn carbon copy. 3. r-rxnNrss. 1. Syns: duplicate, image, imitate, reduplicate, replicate, reproduce. 2. ror,r-ow. w.tnr aerb. FLIRTATION.

coquette rwun A woman who leads men on.

FLIRT

IIOUN.

coquettish adiectioe Given to flirting. adiectioe cordial 1. Characterized by kindness and warm, unaffected courtesY. 2. Pleasant and friendlY. rwttn cordialitY The quality of being pleasant and friendly. COfe rroun 1. The most central and material part. 2. A point of origin from which ideas, influences, etc., emanate.

FLIRTATIOUS.

1. cnecrous. 2. enreslr. AMIABILITY. 1. nsARt. 2. cnNrrn

noun.

corkscrew oerb To move or proceed on a repeatedly curving course. ad;iectirse corky Informal. Displaying light-hearted nonchalance. COfnef rloun l. A difficult, embarrassing situation. 2. Exclusive control or possession.

AIRY. PREDICAMENT. MONOPOLY.

cornerstone noun A fundamental principle or underlying concept. adiectiae corny Slang. Without freshness or appeal due to overuse.

BASIS. TRITE.

corollary noun Somethingbrought about by a cause. corporal adiectioe Of or pertainingto the humanbodY. CorporatiOn noun A commercialorganization. corporeal adiectioe f . Of or pertainingto the humanbody.

EFFECT TWUN.

BODILY.

COMPANIY fWUN.

l. sonrr,v.

corps 2. Composed of or relatilg to things that occupy space and can be perceived by the senses. COfpS noun l. A group of people organized for a particular pu{pose. 2. A goup of performers. COfpSe noun The p-hysicalframe of a dead person or animal. corpselike adiectioe Gruesomely suggestive of ghosts or death. COrpufent adiectirse Having too much flesh. COfpUS noun l. qt" physical frame of a dead person or animal. 2. The main part. 3. A measurablewhole. COffeCt t;erb l. To make right what is wrong: conect an error. 2.

for th9 purpose of improving: conect a fo.c.a$gate child for being rude. 3. To subject (one) to a penalty for a wrong. correct adiectioe l. Having no errors. 2. Conforming to fact. 3. Conforming to accepted standards:conect social beharsior.

4. Suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place. corfeCtiOn noun A penalty imposed for wrongdoing. COrreGtlVe adiectioe Tending to correct: took conectiae measures to ease the tensi.on. CorreGtive noun Something that corrects or counteracts. correctly adaerb In a fair, sporting manner. COrreCtneSS noun 1. Freedom from error. 2. Correspondence with fact or truth. 3. Conformity to recognized standards, as of conduct or appearance. COrrelate oerb To come or bring together in one's mind or imagination. correlate rwun Something closely resembling or analogous to something else. Correlation noun A logical or natural association between two or more things. COrrespOnd oerb 1. To be compatible or in correspondence. 2. To be equal or alike. 3. To be equivalent. correspond to oerb To be in keeping with. cOrrespondenCe rnun l. The act or state of agreeing or conforming.

206 2. psysrcar,.

1. r'oncr rwun. 2. sANDsnoun, BODYnoun. GHASTLY.

rtr adiectioe. L. noly noun. 2. eooy noun. 3. gueNrrrv. l. Syns; amend, emend, mend, rectify, remedy, right. 2. Syns: chasten, chastise.rebuke. reprove. 3. pulrrsH. 1. accunern. 2. accunarr. 3. Syns; au fait (French), becoming, befitting, comely, comme il faui (\erwry), decent, decorous, de rigueur (French), nice, proper, respectable, right, seemly. 4. a-ppnopnrtrn adiectiae

PUNISHMENT.

Syns; emendatory, reformatory, remedial.

REMEDY NOUN.

rl':tn adoerb. l. accunacy. 2. vrnacrry. 3. necrucy.

essocnrn oerb. PARALLEL

NOUN.

1. ecnm. 2, coupenr. 3. tuovr,rr aerb. rtr aerb. l. ecnerMsvr.

corruption

207 2. Logical agreement among things or parts. COrresPOndent noun Something closely resembling or analogous to something else. corresPondent adiectiue In keeping with one's needs or expectations.

2. coNsrsrENCY. PARALLEL

|TNUN,

AGREEABLE.

corresp^onaiingadiectioe 1. In keeping with one's needs or expectations. 2. Possessingthe same or almost the same characteristics.

AGREEABLE. lun2.

Correspondto oerb Corrival rwun

sEEcorrespond.

One that competes. noun corrivalry A struggle with others for victory or supremacy. oerb Corroborate 1. To present evidence in support of. 2. To assure the certainty or validity of. 3. To establish as true or genuine. nyun corroboration That which confirms. COrrOde oerb To consume gradually, as by chemical reaction, friction, etc. adiectiae corrosive 1. Given to or exPressingsarcasm. 2. Serving to corruPt. noun corrosiveness Ironic, bitter humor designed to wound. adiectioe corrupt 1. Utterly reprehensible in nature or behavior: a comtpt parent who debased the child.

COMPETITOR.

2. Marked by dishonesty, esp. in matters ofplblic tnstt comtpt police ofi,cets uho accepted bribes. 3. Ruthlessly seeking personal advantage: comt'pt. politicians who lirw their pockets at taxpayers' expense. corruPt oerb 1. To ruin utterly in character or quality: public taste comtpted by PomograPhY.

2. To make morally imPure. 3. To subject (someone having the public's trust) to improper influence: The mab corntpted the citg council. adiectioe corrupted Lowered in character or quality: a flutn comtpted by his lust for power. adiectioe corruptible Capable of being bribed: a comrytible congresmwneasy pbkings for the mob. adiectioe corrupting Morally detrimental.

corruption nnun l. Immoral, degrading acts or habits: condemned the lootry and comtption of the ruling cktsses. 2. Departure from what is legally, ethically, and moially correct: impeached for comtption in high

ofr"u.

COMPETITION.

L. r,l,'cx oerb. 2. coNnnrvr. 3. pnove. CONFIRMATION.

s:;r.naerb.

1 . SARCASTIC. 2 . CORRUPTIVE.

ff:aegenerate,

fagitious, depraved,

miscreant, nefarious, perverse, rotten, unhealthy, villainous. 2. Syns: crooked, dishonest,venal. 3. Syns; mercenary, praetorian, unet-hical, unprincipled, unscrupulous, venal.

1. Syns; animalize, bastardize, bestialize, brutalize, canker, debase, debauch, demoralize, deprave, pervert, stain, vitiate, warp. 2. rrtxr aerb. 3. Syns: buy, purchase.

Syns: debased, debauched, depraved, perverted, vitiated. -ldiorn gone to the dogs. Syns; buyable, purchasable, venal.

UI.IWHOLESOME.

1. Syns; depravity, immorality, turpitude, vice, wickedness. 2. Syns: corrupt-ness,crookedness, dishonesty, improbity.

corruptive 3. A term whose form offends against established usage standards: Many writers consider "finalize" a comrption oJ good English. COrrUptlve adiectioe Serving to corrupt: The presence of drugs uas a comtptioe fa.ctor. COrrUptness noun Departure from what is legally, ethically, and morally correct. COrUSCate oerb 1. To shine with intermittent gleams. 2. To emit light suddenly in rays or sparks. corusGatiOn noun A sudden quick light. cosmic adiectioe So pervasive and all-inclusive as to exist in or affect the whole world. Cosmopolitan adiectirse l. Experienced in the ways of the world; lacking natural simplicity. 2. So pervasive and all-inclusive as to exist in or afiect the whole world. COSfiOS noun The totality of all existing things. COSSet aerb To treat with indulgence and often overtender care. COSI noun 1. An amount paid or to be paid for a purchase: The cost of the dress is $00. 2. Something expended to obtain a benefit or desired result: Production costsofset sales. 3. A loss sustained in the accomplishment of or as the result of something: a reuolution brought about at the cost of many lioes. cost aerb To require a specified price: The painting costs

$10.0u. cost-free adiectiae Costing - nothing. costive adiectil;e Ungenerously or pettily reluctant to spend money. costfy adiectioe 1. Bringing a high price: costly paintings. 2. Of great value. COStUme noun Clothes or other personal effects, such as make-up, worn to conceal one's identity. Cosy adiectiae

cotton oerb 1. To support slavishly every opinion or suggestion of a superior. 2. Inforrnnl. To live or act together in harmony. COUCh oerb To convey in language or words of a particular form. COUnSel aerb To give recommendationsto (someone)about a decision or course of action. counsel noun l. An opinion as to a decision or course of action. 2. An exchange of views in an attempt to reach a decision.

3. Syns: barbarism, solecism, vulgarism.

Syns: corrosive,

CORRUPTION.

L. nrwx oerb. 2. runsu aerb. BLINK NOUN. uNTvERSAL adiectioe.

1,. soprusucATED. 2. uurvrns N- adiectioe.

UNIVERSE. r'ABv aerb.

1 . Syns: charge, price, tab. Syns: disbursement, expense, expenditure, outlay. Syns: expense,price, sacrifice, tolll.

Syns: go for, sell for.

rnnn adiectioe.

Syns: dear, expensive,high, highpriced. -ldiorn high as smoke. VALUABLE.

DISGUISENOUN, sEE COZy. 1. r'eww. 2. cnr ALoNG at get. prrnl'sn oerb. ADVISE.

ADVICE. DELIBERATION.

counterfactual

209 3. One who advises another, esp. ofRcially or professionally. adiectioe counselable also counsellable Worth doing, esp. for practical reasons. adiectiae counsellable

counsellor noun counseloror GoUllsellof rtDttn One who advises another, esp. officially or professionally. Count oerb 1. To note (items) one by one so as to get a total: Count yow change. 2. To be of significance or importance: an apinian that counts for nnught; felt that honesty counted too. 3. To indicate (time or rhythm), as with repeated gesfures or sounds. count on oerb L. Infomwl. To anticipate confidently. 2. To place trust or confidence in' count out oerb To keep from being admitted, included, or considered' count rwun A noUng of items one by one: kept an accurate count of the words.

countenance rloun

3. aovrsEn.

ADVISABLE.

sEEcounselable. sEEcounselor. ADVISER.

l. Syns; calculate, compute, enumerate, number, numerate, reckon, tale, tally, tell off. 2. Syns: import, matter, signify, wegh. 3. rrnl^Toerb.

1. nxpncr. 2. pBpnmo on at dePend. EXCLUDE.

Syns; numeraUon, reckoning, tab, tally.

1 . EXPRESSION.

1. A disposition of the facial features that conveys meaning, feeling, or mood. 2. The front surface of the head. 3. An outward aPPearance.

2 . F/!C,E floun. 3. FAC.E TWUN.

countenance oerb 1. To be favorably disposedtoward. 2. To lend supportive aPProval to.

1 . APPROVE. 2 . ENCOURAGE.

Counter noun 1. That which is diametrically opposed to another. 2. A spirited, incisive rePlY. counter oerb l. To place in opposition or be in opposition to. 2.To ieturn like for like, esp. to return an unfriendly or hostile action with a similar one. counter ad:iectiae Diametrically opposed. aerb counteracl 1. To act as an equalizing weight or force to. 2. To make inefiective by applying an opposite force or amount.

1. opposrrn nmun. 2. nnronr noun. 1. opposp. 2. nnler-rann'.

oPPosITEadiectioe. L. r,u.aNcn aerb. 2. ceNcrr,.

counteraction nou,n The act of retaliating.

RETALIATION.

counteragent nuun Something that corrects or counteracts.

REMEDY |WUN,

counterattack noun The act of retaliating. aerb counterbalance l. To put in balance. 2. To act as an equalizing weight or force to. 3. To make up for the defects of.

RETALIATION. 1. sALaNcn

oerb.

2. sALeNcn

oerb.

3. cotupnNsern.

counterblow rmun The act of retaliating. counterfactual adiectit:e Devoid of truth.

RETALIATION. FALSE.

counterfeit

2LO

counterfeit adiectioe Fraudul-ently or deceptively imitative : cou.nterfeit biils; counterfeit laoe. counterfeit oerb 1. To make a fraudulent copy of: counterfeited the sigrwture on, th.e check. 2. To behave affectedly or insincerely. 3. To take on or give a false appearance of. counterfeil nutn A fraudulent imitation: The painting is a cleaer counterfeit of an ald" master. COUntefmeasure noun Something that corrects or counteracts.

CoUnterpart noun l. One holding a position corresponding to that of one in another organization or hierarchy: Each -foreign di,plonnt tDas seated next to his Arnerican counterpart at the banquet. 2. Something closely resembling or analogous to something else.

Syns.' bogus, ersatz, fake, false, fraudulent, phony (a/so phoney) (Infonnal), pseue 1. Showing signsof wear and tear or neglect. 2. Falling to ruin.

1. Syns; aside, divagation, parenthesis. 2. Syns: aside, deviation, discursion, divagation, divergence (a/so divergency), ecbole (Rhet.), episode, excursion, excursus,irrelevancy, parenthesis, tangent. Syns: discursive, episodic, excursive, parenthetic (also parenthetical), tangential. HOME.

snn dig. 1. srransy. 2. nuwous.

dilate

"urbat greater length or in greater detail. To express difatory adiectitse Proceeding at a rate less than usual or desired. dilemma noun A difficult, embarrassing situation.

nrnr,onnrn Derb. sr,ow adiectiae. PREDICAMENT,

difettante noun One lacking professional skill and ease in a particular pursuit. dilettante adiectiae Lacking the required professional skill. dilettantish adiectiae Lacking the required professional skill. dilettantist adiectioe Lacking the required professional skill. dif igence noun Steady attention and effort, as to one's occupation: worked usithreal diligence to f.nish the audit. dif igent adiectioe Characterizedby steady attention and effort: mnde a diligent searchfor the missingbook. dilfy-dally oerb To go or move slowly so that progressis hindered. dilute adiectioe Lower than normal in strength or concentration due to admixfure: dilute wine. dilute oerb To lessen the strength of by or as if by admixture: The impact of his thesis was diluted by poor organization and bad rniting. He alusays dilutes his drink with a splosh of sodn. adiectitse diluted Lower than normal in strength or concentration due to admixture. dim oerb l. To make dim or indistinct. 2. To make or become less keen or responsive. dim adiectitse 1. Deficient in brightness. 2. Lacking vividness in color. 3. Covered by or as if by a thin coating or film.

AMATEURISH.

AMATEURISH.

Syns: application, assiduity, assiduousness, industriousness,industry, sedulousness. Syns: assiduous,industrious, sedulous, studious. onrtv aerb. Syns; cut, diluted, thin, washy, watered, watered-down, waterish, watery, weak. Syns; attenuate, cut, thin, water (down), weaken.

DTLUTEad:iectioe.

L. osscvnn aerb. 2. ourl- oerb.

1 . ornx adiectioe. 2 . ovu- adiectiae. 3 . FILMY.

direct

263 4. Not clearly perceived or perceptible'

4. uwclnen.

dimensions noun The amount of space occupied by something.

diminish aerb

To grow or cause to grow gradually less'

diminishment noun The act or Processof decreasing. noun diminution The act or Processof decreasing. adiectiae diminutive Extremely small. noun dimness Absence or deficiencY of light. nnun dimwit Slang. A mentallY dull Person. adiectitse dimwi-tted 1. Lacking in intelligence. 2. Slang. bitpt"yi"g a complete lack of forethought and good sense. din noun Soundsor a sound, esp. when loud, confused, or disagreeable. nou,n ding-a-ling lnformal. An insanely foolish or strange person' noun dingbat Informal. An insanely foolish or strange person' dinge noun Afeeling or qpell of dismally low spirits' adiectirse dingy Showing signs of wear and tear or neglect' dip oerb 1. To plunge briefly in or into a liquid: She dipped a piece of bread into her *ffu? 2. To immerse in a coloring solution: dip Easter eggs' 3. To take a substance, as liquid, from a container by plunging the hand or a utensil into it: dipped,usater froitnZ baky boat; dipped punch from the bowl' 4. To slope downward. 5. To undergo a sharp, rapid descent in value or price' 5. Brit. Slang. To give or deposit as a pawn' dip into aerb To look through reading matter casually. dip noun 1. A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices' 2. An area sunk below its surroundings. 3. The act of swimming.

dip into oerb diplomacY noun

The abifity to say and do the right thing at the right time. adiectioe dipfomatic 'showing sensitivity and skill in dealing witl others' ad:iectioe dippy Slang. So senselessas to be laughable. adiectioe dire 1. So serious as to be at the point of crisis. 2. Portending future disaster. 3. Causing or able to cause fear. ad1ectwe direct 1. Proceeding or lying in an uninterrupted line or course: a direct path across the fields. 2. Speaking or spoken freely and sincerely.

SIZE.

prcnresn oerb. DECREASE rWUN, DECREASE NOUN. TINY. DARK NOUN. DULLARD. 1. stupto. 2. rvtrr.Tol-uss.

NOTSE nOUn.

CRACKPOT. CRACKPOT. GLOOM. SHABBY.

l. Syns; douse, duck, dunk, immerge, immerse, souse,submerge, submerse. 2. Syns: color, dye. 3. Syns: bail2, lade, ladle, scooP uP.

4. onop oerb. 5. strr oerb. 6. pnwvr aerb. BROWSE.

1. ner-r-noun. 2. orpnnssroN. 3. pr-uNce noun. snr dip. TACT.

DELICATE. FOOLISH.

1. cnrtrcer-. 2. r'ernrul. 3. nnenrur,. l. Syns: straight, straightforward, through. 2. rne.Nr.

direction 3. Of unbroken descent or lineage: a direct d.escendnnt of King Daaid. 4. Marked by the absence of any intervention. 5. Characterized by a close and thorough acquaintance. direct aerb 1. To have charge of (the affairs of others), 2. To control the course of (an activiW). 3. To exercise authority or influence ouer. 4. To give orders to. 5. To devote (oneself or one's efforts). 6. To move (a weapon, blow, etc.) in the direction of someone or something. 7. To mark (a written communication) with its destination. 8. To show the way to. direct adoerb 1. In a direct line. 2. With precision or absolute conformity. 3. Without the slightest deviation in any respect.

direction noun 1. Authoritative control over the afiairs of others. 2. Archab. A written inscription on a deliverable item giving its destination. 3. An authoritative indication to be obeyed. 4. An act or instance of guiding. 5. The continuous exercise of authority over a political unit.

3. 4. IMMEDIATE. 5. rxrrrrernl adiectioe. 1. aourusrnn, 2. coloucr aerb. 3. colrrnor oerb. 4. couuer,lo aerb. 5. eppr,v. 5. xu oerb. 7. toonnss oerb. 8. cutolt- oerb.

1 .DIRECTLY. 2 . DIRECTLY. 3 . PRECISELY. ADMINISTRATION. A.DDRESS NOUN.

3. colrnaervonoun. 4. culoeNcn. 5. covnnwunNr.

directive noun An authoritative indication to be obeyed. directly adoerb 1. In a direct line: usent directly to Atlanta; f,ew directh4 north. 2. With _precisionor absolute conformity: hit him directly on the kneecap. 3. Without delay: I'Il see you at the restaurant directlq.

4. Without intermediary. director rloun 1. Someonewho directs and supervisesworkers. 2. One who is highest in rank or authority. 3. A person having administrative or managerial authority in an organization. ..4.-Something or someone that shows the way. direful adieitit:e l. Portending future disaster. 2. Causing or able to cause fear. dirt noun l. Foul or dirty matter. 2. Something that is offensive to accepted standards of decency. dirtiness noun 1. The condition or state of being dirty: the dirtiness of the slum apartment. 2. Impure condition. 3. The quality or state of being obscene. dirty adiectiae 1. Covered or stained with or as if with dirt or other impurities: sending the dirty clothes to the laundry.

COMMAND

NOUN,

1. Syns; dead, direct, due, right, straight. 2. Syns: dead, direct, exactly, fair, flush, just, precisely, right, smack-dab (Slang), square, straight. 3. Syns; forthwith, immediately. instant (Poetic), now. -Idioms at once, first off, right away (or ofr), straight away (or off). 4. rnrunonrEt,y. 1. noss noun. 2. cHrnr noun. 3. rxpcurrvn. 4. curnt nann. FATEFUL, FEARFUL.

FILTH. OBSCENITY.

1. Syns; filth, filthiness, foulness, giminess, uncleanliness,uncleanness. 2. rvpunrry. 3. onscprvrry. 1. Syns; black, filthy, grim/, grubby, smutty, soiled, soily, unclean, uncleanly.

disaPPear

265 2. Offensive to accepted standards of decency. 3. Violently disturbed, as by storms, dirty aerb 1. To make dirty: dirtipd the cufs of his shirt when he changed his typeuriter ribbort. 2. To cast aspersionson. disable oerb 1. To render powerless or motionlessby inflicting severe injury: oeterans disabled in the war; disabl.ed the tank usith a carefully plnced grenade. 2. To make incapable, as of doing a job.

2. osscrNr. 3. noucn. 1. Syns; befoul, begime, besoil, black, blacken, smudge, smutch, soil. 2. gLlcKEN.

1. Syns; cripple, immobilize, incapacitate, knock out (Informal), paralyze, prostrate. -ldioms lay low, put out of action (or commission). 2. vNrrc oerb.

disaccord rmun A state of disagreement and disharmony. disaccord aerb 1. To fail to be in accord. 2. To be of different oPinion.

CONFLICT

TMUN,

1. coNrr.rct oerb. 2. orrrnn.

disacknowledge aerb To refuse to recognize or acknowledge.

disadvantage rwun An unfavorable condition, circumstance, or characteristic: One of the disadoantages of the car is its enorlnous gas consumption. adiectioe disadvantaged Economically and socially below standard. adiectioe disadvantageous 1. Causing dfficulty, trouble, or discomfort. 2. Tending to discourage, retard, or make more difficult.

REPUDIATE.

Syns; detriment, drawback, handicap, minus, shortcoming.

DEPRESSED. 1. rNcorwBNrENT. 2. uNrevoRABLE.

disaffect aerb 1. To make distant, hostile, or unsympathetic. 2. Archaic. To have a feeling of aversion for. noun disaffection 1. An interruption in friendly relations. 2. An attitude or feeling of aversion. 3. The act of estranging or the condition of being estranged. oerb disaffirm To refuse to admit the truth, reality, value, or worth of.

1. ssrRANcn. 2. otsrtr,n aerb, 1. ennecH twun, 2. nrsr-rxn twun. 3. psrneNcEMENT.

DEI\rY.

disatfirmation naun A refusal to gant the truth of a statement or charge.

DENIAL.

disagree oerb l. To be unlike or dissimilar. 2. To be of different opinion. adiectiae disagreeable 1.. Not pleasant or agreeable. 2. Having or showing a bad temper.

disagreement rwun l. A marked lack of correspondenceor agreement. 2. A discussion, often heated, in which a difference of opinion is expressed. oerb disallow 1. To be unwilling to grant. 2. To refuse to a]low. twun disallowance 1. A turning down of a request. 2. A refusal to allow. aerb disappear 1. To pass out of sight either gradually or suddenly; The top of the skyscraper disappeared in the fog. 2. To cease to exist: The ancient Egyptian people disappeared long ago.

l. orrrnn. 2. nrrren.

1 . UNPLEASANT. 2 . ILL-TEMPERED. t . GAP. 2 . ARCUMENT. 1. nnrusr. 2. ronsro. 1. neruser.. 2. ronernoANcE. 1. Syns; evanesce, evanish, evaporate, fade, vanish. 2. Syns: die out (or away), expire.

disappearance

266

disappearance rwun The act or an example of passing out of sight: The sudden disaryearance of the fnnncier is causing speculation about his honesty. disappoinl oerb To cause unhappiness by failing to satisfy the hopes, desires, or expectations of: The candidttte's speech disappointe d his supporters. disappointing adiectine Disturbing because of failure to measure up to a standard or produce the desired results: disappointing test scores; a disa,ppointing state of affairs.

disappointment nmun Unhappiness caused by the failureof one'shopes, desires, or expectations: u:ill feel keen disappointment ushen his ayplication is reiected.

disapprobation noun Unfavorable opinion or judgment.

Syns: evanescence,evanishment, evanition, evaporation, fade-out.

Syns: cast down, discontent, disgruntle, dishearten, dissatisfy, let down.

Syns: disheartening, dissatis$ng, sorry, unlucky.

Syns: discontent, discontentment, disgruntlement, disheartenment, dissatisfaction,letdown, regret. DISAPPROVAL.

disapproval ioun Unfavorable opinion or judgment: couldn't keep the tone of disapprotsal out of her ooice.

Syns: disapprobaton, displeasure.

disapprove oerb 1. To have or express an unfavorable opinion: Why do you disapprooe of the new fashions?

2. To be unwilling to grant.

disarrange aerb 1. To put out of properorder. --2. To put (the hair or clothes) into a state of disarray. disarranged adiectiae In a condition of disorder.

l' Syns; deprecate, discountenance, disesteem, disfavor, frown on (or upon), object2 (to). -Idioms hold no brief for, not go for, take a dim view of, take exception to. 2. nsFusB. l . orsononn oerb.

2 . TOUSLE. DISORDERED.

disarrangement nutn A lack of order or regular arrangement.

DISORDER NOUN,

disarray noun A lack of order or regular arrangement. disarray aerb To put out of proper order. disassemble oerb To take (something) apart.

DISORDER NOUN.

orsonosn oadr. TAr(EDowN at take.

disassociate oerb To remove from association with.

DETACH.

disaster rwun An occurrence inflicting widespread destruction and distress: No sooner had he lost his iob than the firwl disaster struck-his house bumed doun. disastrous adiectiae Causing ruin or destruction. disavow aerb To refuse to recognize or acknowledge. ltyun disbelief The refusal or reluctance to believe: Iooked at m.e in pure disbelief. disbelieve oerb

Syns: calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, tragedy.

to: Wedisbelieoe theirstoryas n7tt;#:redence disbefieving adiectioe

Syns; discredit, misbelieve, unbelieve. -Idionw set no store by, take no stock

Refusing or reluctant to believe. disburden aerb 1. To remove the cargo or load from. 2.To free from something objectionable or undesirable.

INCREDULOUS.

FATAL.

REPUDIATE.

Syns: discredit, incredulity, unbelief.

1. uNr-oep. 2. nro.

disclaim

267 disbursal noun The act of distributing or the condition of being distributed.

DISTRIBUTION.

1. To give out in portions or shares. 2. To distribute (money) as payment.

1. orsrnrsurr. 2. spnvo.

disburse perb

disbursement rwun Something expended to obtain a benefit or desired result.

discard oerb

To let go or get rid of as being no longer of use, value, erc.: plans ti discard all the linens in the old trunk'

discard noun The act of getting rid of something uselessor used up. ad;iectiae discarnate Having no body, form, or substance. oerb discern l. To perceive and fix the identity of We could barely discem a sail on the horizon. 2. To perceive, esp. barely or fleeUngly. 3. To recognize as being different.

cosT rwun.

Syns; chuckr (lnformal), dispose of, ditch, dump, jetUson,junk, scrapl, shuck (off), throw away, throw out. DISPOSAL.

IMMATERIAL.

1. Syns: descry, distinguish, make out, pick out, spot. 2. clrrclg aerb. 3. prsrrNcursn.

discernible adiectuse Capable of being noticed or apprehended mentally. adiectioe discerning 1. Characterized by careful and exact evaluation. 2. Possessingor showing sound judgment and keen perception.

discernment rwun Skill in perceiving, discriminating, or judging: She hires her assistantswith such discem:rnentthat none eoer disappoints her.

oerb discharge 1. To releasefrom military duty: rnillbe discharged from the army next uteek. 2. To set at liberty. 3. To end the employment of. 4. To pass or pour out into: The Illinois Rioer discharges into the Mississippi 5. To carry out the functions, requirements, or terms ot. 6. To set right by giving what is due. 7. To free from an obligation or duty. 8. To remove the cargo or load from. 9. To launch with great force. discharge naun The act of dismissing or the condition of being dismissed from employment. nlun disciple One who supports and adheres to another. adiectioe disciplinary Inflicting or aiming to inflict punishment. discipline noun 1. A penalty imposed for wrongdoing. 2. An area of academic study that is part of a larger body of learning. discipline oerb 1. To subject (one) to a penalty for a wrong. 2. To impart knowledge and skill to. oerb disclaim To refuse to recognize or acknowledge.

PERCEPTIBLE.

1. cnrrrcer-. 2. wrssl.

Syns; acumen, astuteness,clearsightedness,discrimination, eye, keenness, nose, penetration, perceptiveness, percipience, perspicacity, sagacity, sageness,shrewdness, wit. 1. Syns; demobilize, muster out, separate. 2. rnnn aerb. 3. orsurss. 4. Syns: emit, empty, flow, issue,vent, void. 5. rur-rtu-. 6. snrrr-n. 7. nxcvsn aerb. 8. ur.lr.oer. 9. ssoor aerb. DISMISSAL.

FOLLOWER.

PUNISHING.

1. puNrsnunNr. 2. sneNcH noun.

1. puxrsn. 2. roucerp. REPUDIATE.

disclaimer disclaimer rwun ..A refusalto gant the truth of a statementor charge. disclose oerb 1. To makeknown. 2, To makevisible;bring to view. disclosure nnun Somethingdisclosed,esp.somethingnot previously known or realized discolor oerb To soil with foreign matter. discombobulate aerb l. Slang.To impair or destroythe composureof. 2. Slang.To causeto be unclearin mind or intent. discombobulated adiectioe Slang.Mentallyuncertain. discomfiture noun Self-conscious distress. discomfort rwun 1. Somethingthat causesdifficulty, trouble, or lack of ease. 2. The state or quality of being inconvenient. discomfort oerb l. To cause inconvenience for. . 2. To cause (a person) to be self-consciouslydistressed. discompose alerb impair or destroy the composure of. ..To OlSCOffipOSUre noun Self-consciousdistress.

DENIAL.

1. coul,ruuICATE. 2. nrvner,. REVELATION,

srxN oerb. 1. ecrrerr. 2. coxrusn. CONFUSED. EMBARRASSMENT.

l.

INCOTIVEN

IE N CE TI,OUN.

2. INCONVENIENCE

rNCoNvENrENcn aerb. EMBARRASS.

AGITATE. EMBARRASSMENT.

disconcert oerb -To cause (aperson) to be self-consciously distressed. disconcerted adiectiae Distressed and ill at ease.

EMBARRASS. EMBARRASSED.

disconcertion noun Self-consciousdistress.

EMBARRASSMENT.

disconcertment noun Self-conscious distress.

EMBARRASSMENT.

disconnect aerb --To separate one thing from another thing.

DETACH.

disconnection noun

The act or process of detaching. disconsonarit adiectitse 1. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency. 2. In sharp opposition. discontenl oerb To cause unhappiness by failing to satisfy the hopes, desires, or expectations of. discontent noun Unhappiness caused by the failure of one's hopes, desires, or expectations. discontentment nou,n Unhappiness caused by the failure of one's hopes, desires, or expectations. discontinue aerb 1. To cease Ering to accomplish or continue. 2. To stop suddenly, as a conversation, activity, relationship, etc. 3. To come to a cessation.

DETACHMENT.

1. rwcoNcnuous. 2. coNrr,rcrrNc. DISAPPOINT.

DISAPPOINTMENT.

DISAPPOINTMENT.

1. enarvoox oerb. 2. suspnNo. 3. srop aerb.

discontinuity rwun A cessationof continuity or regularity. discord naun A stateof disagreementand disharmony.

TWUN.

BREAK NOUN. CONFLICT

NOUN,

discrepancy

269 discord oerb 1. To fail to be in accord. 2. To be of different oPinion. adiectioe discordanl 1. Devoid of harmony and accord. 2. Characterized by unpleasantdiscordance of sound. 3. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency. 4. Disagreeable to the sense of hearing'

1. coNrr,lcr

oerb.

2. omrun. 1. runanuoNrous. 2. runenproNlous. 3. rxcolqcnuous. 4. nensn.

discount oerb

1. To think, represent, or speak of as small or unimportant' 1. snr-rrrr.n. 2. oeoucr. 2. To take away (a quantity) from another quantity. 3. wnrrn orr at write. 3. To put out of one's mind as a loss or failure. discount noun DEDUCTION. An amount deducted.

discountenance oerb l. To have or express an unfavorable opinion. 2.To cause (a person) to be self-consciouslydistressed.

discourage oerb 1. To make less hopeful or enthusiastsc: The magnitude of the problem discouraged me., 2.io persuade (a person) not to do something. adiectioe discouraging Tending to make less hopef-ul or enthusiasttc: read a discouraging analysis of the cunent economic situation.

discourse noun 1. A formal, lengthy exposition of a topic: torote a discourseon trad,e def,cits. 2. The faculty, act, or product of speaking. discourse oerb To engage in spoken exchange. nDlr.n discourser One given to conversation. adiectioe discourteous Lacking good manners.

discover oerb 1. To obtain knowledge or awareness of something not known before, as through observation, study, etc.: discorseredthat the world is round. 2. Archai,c. To make visible; bring to view. 3. Archaic. To disclosein a breach of confidence.

1. orseppnovr. 2. rlrsenness. 1. Syns: dishearten, 2. olssueDe. Syns : disheartening, dispiriting.

l. Syns; disquisition, dissertation, treatise. 2. sprncn. coNvrnssl oerb. CONVERSATIONALIST. RUDE.

1. Syns; ascertain, determine, find out, hear, learn. 2. nrvpar.. 3. srrnev.

discovery twun Something that has been discovered: Radium is one of the great discooeriesof scierrce.

Syns; find, finding, strike.

discredit oerb l. To cause to be no longer believed or valted: neus eoid.ence that discredits preoious research. 2. To prove or show to be false. 3. To give no credence to. 4. To damage in reputation. discredit rwun l. Loss of or damage to one's reputation. 2. The refusal or reluctance to believe. adiecthse discreditable Meriting or causing shame or dishonor. adiectioe discreet 1. Kept within sensible limits. 2. Showing sensitivity and shll in dealing with others.

discrepance noun discrepanG!alsodiscrepancenotrn l. The condition of being unlike or dissimilar.

1. Syns; debunk, explode, puncture, shoot down. -ldionw knock the bottom out of. shoot full of holes. 2. nnruru. 3. orsnnr-mvn. 4. uscnacn oerb. l. orscnacE rmun. 2. orssrr,rsr. DISGRACEFUL.

1. cor.isnnverwn adiecthse. 2. orr,rcerr. srr discrepancy. 1. pmrrnnNce.

discrepant 2. A marked lack of correspondenceor agreement. discrepanl adiectitse l. In sharp opposition. 2. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency. discrete adiectiae l. Distinguished from others by nature or qualities. -_2. Being or related to a distinct entity. discretely ad-^erb As a separateunit.

discreteiress noun Thequalityof beingindividual. discretion rmun Unrestricted freedom to choose. discretionary adiectirse l. Based on individual judgment or discretion. 2. Not compulsory or automatic.

discriminate unib 1. To act on the basis of prejudice: Scnneemployers used to discrimirwte against uorkers for unioi actioity. 2. To recognize as being different. 3. To make noticeable or difierent. discriminate adiectiae Able to recognize small differences or draw fine distinctions. discriminating adiectiae l. Able to recogntze small difierences or draw fine distinctions: disuiminnting in his choice of food and uine. 2. Characterized by careful and exact evaluation.

discrimination noun l. The ability to distinguish, esp. to recognize small differences or draw fine distinctions: choice of fumiture that shoros little artistic disuimirmtion. 2. The act or an instance of distinguishing. discriminative ad;iectir;e Able to recognize small difierences or draw fine distinctions. discriminatory adiectioe Able to recognize small differences or draw fine disUnctions.

270 2 . GAP. CONFLICTING. INCONGRUOUS.

DISTINCT. TNDTvTDUAL adiectioe, SEPARATELY. INDIVIDUALITY.

wtt-Lr

rwun,

ARBITRARY. OPTIONAL.

1 . Syn; prejudice (against).

2 . DISTINGUISH. 3 . DISTINGUISH, DISCRIMINATING.

l. Syns: discriminate, discriminative, discriminatory, select, selective. 2. cnlrrcel. 1. Syns; refinement, selectiveness, selectivity. 2. rrsrrNrcrroN. DISCRIMINATING.

DISCRIMINATING,

disculpate aerb To free from a charge or imputation of guilt.

discursion noun An instance of digressing. discursive adiectioe Marked by or given to digression. "

crntn xerb. DIGRESSION.

DIGRESSIVE.

discuss ierb

l. To speak together and exchangeideas and opinions about: discussing the pros and cons of nuclear po@er.

2. Rare. To take (food) into the body as nourishment. rnun discussanl One who participates in a conference. discussion nourl l. An exchangingof views. 2. A meetinq for the exchangeof views.

1. Syns; hash over (Informal),kick around (Informal), knock about (Informal), knock around (Infonnnl), moot, talk over, thrash out, thresh out, toss about (Informal), toss around (Inforrurl). -Idiom go into a huddle. 2. n,xr. CONFEREE.

CONFERENCE. CONFERENCE.

discussor ,iun One who participates in a conference.

CONFEREE.

disgruntle

271 rnun disdain 1 . DESPISAL. 1. The feeling of despising. 2 . ARROGANCE. 2. The quality of being arrogant. disdain aerb DESPISE. To regard with utter contempt and disdain. adiectioe disdainful Overly convinced of one's own superiority and importance, ARROGANT. noun disease A pathological condition of mind or body: a disease of the eyes. oerb disembark To come ashore from a seacraft.

Syns: affectionz, ailment, complaint, disorder, ill, illness, infirmity, malady, sickness. rxto aerb.

disembarrass aerb To free from something objectionable or undesirable. adiectioe disembodied Having no body, form, or substance.

RID. IMMATERIAL.

disencumber oerb To free from something objecUonable or undesirable.

RID.

disengage oerb 1. To become separatedfrom. 2. To separate one thing from another thing. 3. To free from ties or fasteners. 4. To free from an entanglement. adiectiae disengaged Freed from contact or connection. noun disengagement The act or process of detaching. oerb disentangle To free from an entanglement.

l. 2. 3. 4.

r;nnlx oerb. oBrecn. uxoo. crnnn oerb.

cLEAR adiectioe. DETACHMENT.

crntn oerb.

disesteem rmun Loss of or damage to one's reputation. disesteem oerb To have or express an unfavorable opinion. nuun disfavor An attitude or feeling of aversion. disfavor aerb To have or express an unfavorable opinion. oerb disfigure To alter and spoil the natural form or appearance of.

DISCRACE NNUN. DISAPPROVE. DISLIKE |WUN, DISAPPROVE. DEFORM.

disfigurement noun A disfiguring abnormality of shape or form.

DEFORMITY.

disgorge oerb To send forth (confined matter) violently. noun disgrace Loss of or damage to one's reputation a public ofr'cial uho had to resign in disgrace.

disgrace aerb To damage in reputation: disgraced his family uith his arrest for dntg dealing. adiecthse disgraceful 1. Meriting or causing shame or dishonor: a disgraceful secret that is being uithheld frorn the public; disgraceful beharsior. 2. Worthy of severe disapproval. noun disgracefulness The condition of being infamous.

ERUPT.

Syns: discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, obloquy, opprobrium, shame. -Idionx bad name (or odor), ill repute. Syns: discredit, dishonor, shame. -ldioms be a reproach to, put to the blush. 1. Syns; discreditable, dishonorable, disreputable, ignominious, obloquious, opprobrious, shabby, shameful. 2. nnpr-onesr,B. INFAMY.

disgruntle oerb To cause unhappiness by failing to satisfy the hopes, desires, or expectations of.

DISAPPOINT.

disgruntlement

272

disgruntlement noun I]nhappiness caused by the failure of one's hopes, desires,or expectations.

disguise u"rb To changeor modifysoasto preventrecognition of

the_true identity or character of, disguised-her interest wi,th a blnsd attitud,e. disguise nurn 1. Clothes or other personal efiects, such as make-up, worn to conceal one's identity: uill uear the ^ disguise of a witch to the fancy-dress baII. A.deceptive outward appeara.rce. ..2. OfSgUlSement rloun outward appeiuance. __AdecepUve disgust tserb To offend the sensesor feelings of: The sight of the cockroach scutrying around. digusted her.disgust rwu,n Extreme repugnance excited by something ofiensive: behaoior that arouses disgnt. disgusted adiecthse Out of patience with. disgustin^g adiectioe 1. Extremely unpleasant to the sensesor feelings. 2. So oblectionable as to elicit despisal. disharmohic adiectioe Characterized by unpleasant discordance of sound.

disharmonious adiictiae

Characterized by unpleasant discordance of sound.

dishearten u"rb

l. To make less hopeful or enthusiastic. 2. To cause unhappiness by failing to satisfy the hopes, desires, or expectations of. disheartening adiectiae l. Tending to make less hopeful or enthusiastic. 2. Disfurbing because of failure to measure up to a standard or produce the desired results.

DISAPPOINTMENT.

Syns; bemask, camouflage, cloak, cover up, dissemble, dissimulate, mask, masquerade, sleek.

1. 2. raEaor. FAgADE.

Syns: nauseate,repel, repulse, revolt, sicken. -Idiom turn one's stomach. Syns: aversion, loathing, repulsion.

SICK.

1. orreNsrvn adiectioe. 2. r'nrny. INHARMONIOUS. INHARMONIOUS. DISCOURAGE. DISAPPOINT.

1. orscounAcrNc. 2. orsepporNTrNc.

disheartenmeni rwun Unhappiness caused by the failure of one's hopes, desires,or expectations. dishevel unrb .-To p"! (the hair or clothes) into a state of disarray. disheteled adiectiae Marked by an absenceof cleanlinessand order. dishonesl adiectioe l. Given to or marked by deliberate concealment or misrepresentation of the truth: a sneaky, dishonest mnnipulator of people; a dishonest answer to the question. 2. Marked by dishonesty, esp. in matters of public trust. dishonesty noun l. Lack of integrity: mistnnt him because of his fundnmental dishonesty . 2. Departure from what is legally, ethically, and morally correct. 3. Lack of straightforwardness and honesty in action.

DISAPPOINTMENT.

TOUSLE.

MESSY.

1. Syns; deceitful, lF rg, mendacious, shifty, untruthful, unveridical.

2. connupr adiectir:e. L. Syn: improbity. 2. connuprrox. 3. rxornncrroN.

dishonor noun Loss of or damage to one's reputation. dishonor oerb To damage in reputation. dishonorable adiectitse Meriting or causing shame or dishonor.

DISGRACE

NOUN.

DISGRACE

NOUN.

DISGRACEFUL.

273

dismal

noun dishonorableness INFAMY. The condition of being infamous. adiectirse disimpassioned coor adiectiae. Not easily excited, even under pressure. aerb disimprove DETERIORATE, To become lower in quality, character, or condition. noun disinclination DISLIKE NOUN. 1. An attitude or feeling of aversion. INDISPOSITION. 2. The state of not being disposedor inclined. adiectioe disinclined INDISPOSED. Not inclined or willing to do or undertake. oerb disinfect STERILIZE. To render free of microorganisms. noun disingenuity INSINCERITY, Lack of sincerity. adiectirse disingenuous INSINCERE. l. Not being what one purports to be. UNDERHAND. 2. Marked by treachery or deceit. noun disingenuousness INSINCERITY. Lack of sincerity. aerb disintegrate 1. snpex up at break. l. To reduce or become reduced to pieces or components. 2. onrBnroRATE. 2.To become lower in quality, character, or condition. noun disintegration 1. onrnnroRATloN. 1. Descent to a lower level or condiUon. 2. nurw naun. 2. Severe damage or decay rendering something useless or worthless. rwun disinteresl FAIRNESS. 1. The quality or state of being just and unbiased. APATHY. 2. Lack of emotion or interest. adiectiae disinterested 1. Lacking interest in one's surroundings or worldly affairs. 1 . DETACHED. 2 . NEUTRAL. 2. Feeling or showing no strong emotional involvement. 3 . APATHETIC. 3. Without emotion or interest. noun disinterestedness FAIRNESS. The quality or state of being just and unbiased. oerb disjoin 1. 1. To become or cause to become apart one from another. 2. snnlrx aerb. 2. To crack or split into two or more fragments by means of or as a result of force, a blow, or strain. oerb disjoint 1. orvrpn. l. To become or cause to become apart one from another. 2. nnntx oerb. 2. To crack or split into two or more fragments by means of or as a result of force, a blow, or strain. aerb dislike To have a feeling of aversion for: The tuo men heartily Syns; disaffect (Archaic), disrelish, mislike. -Idinrn have no use for. dislike each other. dislike noun Syns : disaffection, disfavor, disinclination, An attitude or feeling of aversion: had a real dislike for disrelish, distaste. canned rnusic. dislocate oerb 1. To alter the settled state or position of. 1. orsruns. 2. To displace (a bone) from a socket or ioint. 2. srrc aerb. adiectiae disfoyal Not true to duty or obligation. FAITHLESS. noun disloyalty Betrayal, esp. of a moral FAITHLESSNESS. dismaf adiectioe 1. Dark and depressing. 1. cr-oonlv.

dismantle 2. Marked by little hopefulness. 3. Tending to cause sadnessor low spirits. dismantle oerlt 1. To take (something)apart. _-2. To break up so that reconstruction is impossible. dismay oerb To deprive of courage or the power to act as a result of fear, arxiety, or disgust: The news of plummeting stock prices di,smnyedspeculators. dismay noun A sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble_or danger: looked at me ln dlmtny when she Ieamed she needed surgeru. dismayed adiectiae Overcome with intense feeling, as of amazement, horror, or dismay.

274 2. clool,ry. 3. seo. 1. raxl DowN at take. 2. nssrnoy. Syns: appall, consternate,daunt, horrify, shake,shock.

Syn.' consternation.

dismember unib l. To take (something)apart. 2. To deprive of, or of the use of, a limb or bodily member. dismiss aerb l. To end the employment of: Workers uho habitually arriae late are first warned, then dismissed.

2. To direct or allow to leave: When the belt rang the teacher di,srnissedthe class. 3. To put out by force. 4. To rid one's mind of: She thought of chasing the bus but dismissed the idea uslrcn another bus came into oieu. 5. To ceaseconsideration or treatment of. 6. To be unwilling to accept, consider, or receive.

dismissal naun 1. The act of dismissingor the condition of being dismissedfrom employment: deeply resentedhis divnissal. 2. The act of ejecting or the state of being ejected.

l. raxn DowN at take. 2. cnrppl,E.

1. Syns; bootl (Slang), bounce (Slang), can (Slang), cashier, discharge,drop, fire (Informnl), sackr (Slang), terminate. -Idioms give someone his walking papers, gve iomeone the ax, give someonethe gate, give someonethe pink slip, let go. 2. Syn: send away. -Idirms send about one's business,send packing, show the door to. 3. npcr. 4. Syns: banish, cast out, dispel, kiss off (Slang),shut out. 5. onop oerb. 6. orcr,rwn oerb. 1. Syns; discharge, firing (lnformnl), sackl (Slang), termination. -Idionw the boot, the bounce. 2. rpcrroN.

dismount oerb To take (something) apart. TAKEDowN at take. disobedience rwun The conditionor practiceof not obeying:Disobedience Syns; insubordination, noncompliance, wasquicklgpunishedin that howehold. unruliness. disobedient odiectiae Refusingor failing to obey: a disobedientchilcl Syns; insubordinate, lawless, uncompliant, unruly.

disobey oerb To refuseor fail to obey:disobeyingfutstructioru.

disorder noun 1. A lack of order or regulararrangement;We found the burglarizedapartntentin disorder.

Syns; break, defy, disregard, flout, transgress,violate. -Idiom pay no attention (or mind) to. 1. Syns; ballup (Slnng), chaos, clutter, confusedness,confusion, disarrangement,disarray, disorderliness, disorganization,huddle, jumble, mess, mix-up, muddle, scramble, snafu (Slnng), snarlr, topsy-turviness,tumble, turmoil.

dispassionatelY

275 2. A lack of civil order or Peace: Looting and disorder preaailed during the blackout' 3. A pathological condition of mind or body. 4. The condition of being sick. disorder oerb 1. To put out of proper order: Father uamed us not to disorder the boolcsand papers on his desk.

2. To break up the order or progressof. 3. To put into total disorder. 4. To disturb the health or physiological funcUoning of. 5. To put (the hair or clothes) into a state of disarray. adiectioe disordered l. In a condition of disorder: disorderedschedules; disord,eredfirwnces. 2. Characterized by physical confusion. 3. Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness.

disordering noun The act or an example of uPsetting.

2. Syns: anarchy, lawlessness,misrule, 3. ntspesn. 4. stcx-t'qnss. 1. Syns; derange, disarrange, disarray, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, jumble, mess up, mix up, muddle, tumble, unsettle, upset. 2. orsnupr. 3. coNruse. 4. vpsnr aerb. 5. rousr-p. l. Syns: disarranged,disorganized, disrupted. 2. coNrusro, 3. rNseNp.

UPSETru)un.

disorderliness noun A lack of order or regular arrangement. adiectiae disorderly 1. Lacking regular or logical order: the disorderly closet of a teen-ager. 2. Upsetting civil order or peac€: The police morsedto disperse the disorderly crousd,

disorganization nnun 1. A lack of order or regular arrangement. 2. The act or an example of upsetting. oerb disorganize To put out of ProPer order. adiectir;e disorganized In a condition of disorder. aerb disown To refuse to recognize or acknowledge. oerb disparage To think, represent, or speak of as small or

DISORDER NOUN.

1. 2. Syns:riotous,rowdy, unruly.

DISORDER (IAUN. UPSET NOUN.

orsonorn oerb. DISORDERED. REPUDIATE. BELITTLE.

unimportant.

disparagement noun The act or an instanceof belittling. disparaging adiectixe Tendingor intendingto belittle: made disparaging commentsabout the other editors.

disparate adiectiae Not like anotherin nature,quality, amount,or form' disparity noun 1. The conditionof beingunlikeor dissimilar. or agreement. 2. A markedlack of correspondence 3. The condition or fact of being unequal,asin age, rank,or degree. dispassion twun The quality or stateof being just and unbiased. dispassionate adiectiae 1. Free from bias in judgment. 2. Feeling or showing no strong emotional

BELITTLEMENT.

Syns: belittling, decrying, deprecatory (also deprecative ), depreciating, depreciative, depreciatory, derogatory, detracting, pejorative, sligfrting, uncomplimentary. DIFFERENT.

1. ou'runrxcn. 2. c*. 3. rNrquer-rrv.

FAIRNESS.

l . rli.a adiectioe.

2 . NEUTRAL.

dispassion;tely adierb In a just way.

FAIRLY.

dispassionateness

276

dispassionatenessrloun The quality or state of being just and unbiased.

FAIRNESS.

dispatch oerb l. To cause (something)to be conveyed to a destination. 2. To eat completely or entirely. 3. To cause the death of. dispatch noun Rapidnessof movement or activity. dispel oerb l. To rid one's mind of. 2. To separate or cause to separate and go in various directions. To disappear by or as if by rising. ..3. dlSpenSatlOn noun 1. The giving of a medication, esp. by prescribed dosage. 2. The act of distributing or the condition of being distributed. dispense aerb 1. To provide as a remedy. 2. To give out in portions or shares. 3. To free from an obligation or duty.

dispensing rmun giving of a medication, esp. by prescribed dosage. ..The OlSperse aerb 1.. To pass (something)out. 2. To extend over a wide area. 3. To disappear by or as if by rising. 4. To separate or cause to separate and go in various directions, dispirit oerb 1. To make less hopeful or enthusiastic. 2. To make sad or gloomy. dispirited adiectiae In low spirits. dispiriting adiectiae l. Tending to make less hopeful or enthusiastic. 2. Dark and depressing. displace oerb 1. To alter the settled state or position of. 2. To take the place of (another) againstthe other's will.

1 . SEND. 2 . CONSUME. 3 . KILL. HASTE

NOUN.

DISMISS. SCATTER.

3 . rtrr l.

aerb.

ADMINISTRATION.

2 . DISTRIBUTION, 1 . ADMINISTER. 2 . DISTRIBUTE. 3 . nxcusn oerb. ADMINISTRATION.

1. 2. 3. 4.

nrsrnrsurE. spngro aerb. urr aerb. scerrrn.

l. nrscounacn. 2. oepnnss. DEPRESSED.

t . DISCOURAGINC. 2 . GLOOMY. DISTURB. SUPPLANT.

display oerb l. To make a public and usu. ostentatious show of: displayed her trophies on a pedestal; displaying his trim fgure to best adoantage. 2. To make visible; bring to view. 3. To make manifest or apparent. 4. To be endowed with as a visible characteristic or form. 5. To give expression to, as by gestures, facial aspects, or bodily posture. display twun l. An act of showing or displaying: a displny of articles for sale; a display of force. 2. An impressive or ostentatiousexhibition: The lottery winner prorruptly made a display of his neu; uealth. displease oerb To be very disagreeableto. dispfeasing adiectioe Not pleasant or agreeable.

1. Syns; brandish, disport, exhibit, expose, flash, flaunt, parade, show, show off, sport. 2. nnveer. 3. sr'ow oerb. 4. enAR. 5. rxpnrss oarb.

1. Syns; demonstration, exhibit, exhibition, manifestation, show. 2. Syns: array, panoply, parade, pomp, spectacle. OFFEND.

UNPLEASANT,

277

disqualify

displeasure nou.n Unfavorable opinion or judgment. displeasure oerb Archaic. To be very disagreeable to. adiectitse disponible Capable of being obtained or used.

DISAPPROVAL. OFFEND. AVAILABLE.

disport oerb 1. To conduct oneself in a specified way. 2. To make a public and usu. ostentaUous show of. 3. To occupy oneself with amusement or diversion. disport noun AcUvity engaged in for relaxation and amusement.

L. tcr oerb. 2. ol^spr-llyaerb. 3. pl.-w aerb. PLLY fWUn.

disposal nou,n 1. A way or condition of being arranged. 2. The act of getting rid of something uselessor used ap: Garbage disposal is a manicipal funntion. dispose aerb l. To influence or be influenced in a certain direction: His friend,Iiness disposed me to like him. 2. To put into a deliberate order. dispose of oerb 1. To put into correct or conclusive form. 2. To let go or get rid of as being no longer of use, value, etc. disposed adiectioe Having or showing a tendency or likelihood. dispose of aerb

l. ennaNcEMENT. 2. Syns: discard, dumping, elimination, jettison, riddance. 1. Syns; bend, bias, incline, predispose, sway. 2. enneNcr. 1. sBrrr-n. 2. nrsceno.

INCLINED.

ser dispose.

disposition rmun 1. A person's customary manner of emotional an aff ectionate di,sposition. 2. A, way or condition of being arranged. 3. An inclination to something. 4. The combination of emotional, intellectual, and moral qualities that distinguishes an individual. 5. A general cast of mind with regard to something.

l. Syns: complexion, humor, kidney, nature, temper, temperament. -Idiont frame of mind. 2. enneNcEMENT. 3. srNr rwuru 4. cnenecrnn.

dispossess aerb To take or keep something away from.

DEPRIVE.

dispossessionnoun The condition of being deprived of what one once had or ought to have.

DEPRIVATION.

disproportion nuun The condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degee.

INEQUALITY.

disprove oerb To prove or show to be false. disputable adiectioe In doubt or dispute.

REFUTE. DEBATABLE.

disputation noun The presentation of an argument. disputatious adiectioe Given to arguing.

ARGUMENTATION. ARGUMENTATIVE.

dispute oerb l. To take a stand against. 2. To put forth reasons for or against, often excitedly. dispute noun A discussion, often heated, in which a difference of opinion is expressed. disputed adiectiae In doubt or dispute. disqualify oerb To make incapable, as of doing a job.

1. corvrnsr oerb. 2. ancur. ARGUMENT.

DEBATABLE.

vxrtt oerb.

278

disquiet disquiet oerb To impair or destroythe composureof. disquiet noun 1. A stateof discomposure. 2. Anxiousconcern. 3. An uneasyor nervousstate. disquieted adiectioe In a stateof uneasiness. disquietude noun l. Anxiousconcern. 2. An uneasyor nervousstate. disquisition noun A formal, lengthy exposiUonof a topic. disquisitive adiectioe Eagerto acquireknowledge. disregard aerb l' To refuseto pay attentionto (a person);treat with contempt. 2. To fail to care for or give proper attentionto. 3. To avoid the fulfillment of. disregard rwun 1. An act or instanceof neglecting. 2. Lack of emotionor interest. 3. A lack of considerationfor others' feelings. disrelish oerb To have a feeling of aversionfor. disrelish rnu,n An atUtudeor feeling of aversion. disremember oerb" To fail to remember. disreputable adiectiae Meriting or causingshameor dishonor. disrepute noun Lossof or damageto one'sreputation. disrespecl rwun l. Lack of proper respect:accusedof disrespectfor failing to salute the fng. 2. The stateor quality of being impudent. disrespectful adiectiae Having or showinga lack of respect:It is disrespectful to talk loudly in church. disrobe oerb 1. To makebare. 2. To removeall the clothing from. disrobed adiectioe Not wearingany clothes. disrupt oerb 1. To break up the order or progressof: Hecklers disruptedthe councilmeeting. 2. To put out of proper order. disrupted ad;iecth:e In a conditionof disorder. disruption rwtrn 1. A cessationof continuity or regularity. 2. The act or an exampleof upsetting. disruptive adiectioe Troubling to the mind or emotions. dissatisfaction noun Unhappinesscausedby the failure of one'shopes, desires,or expectations.

AGITATE.

1 .AGITATION. 2 . ANXIETY. 3. ANXIOUS. ANXIETY. RESTLESSNESS.

DrscouRsEnoun. CURIOUS.

1 . IGNORE. xncrnct oerb. Ntcrncr oerb. 1. urclrcr twun. 2. eparrrv. 3. rnoucnrlEssNEss. otsrtxn oerb. DISLIKE NOUN. FORGET. DISGRACEFUL. DISGRACE |IOUN.

1. Syns; incivility, irreverence, lese majesty (also lese majeste). 2, rvpunpNcn. Syns.' irreverent, uncivil.

sA:n.nDerb. srRtpr. NUDE.

1. Syns; disturb, upset. -Idiorn havoc with. 2. rrsonnrn oerb. DISORDERED.

1. ennex noun. 2. upsnr noun. DISTURBING.

DISAPPOINTMENT.

play

dissipate

279 dissatisfy aerb by failing to satisfythe hopes, To causeunhappiness desires,or expectationsof. dissatisfying adiecth:e Disturbingbecauseof failure to measureup to a standardor producethe desiredresults. dissect uerb To separateinto parts for studY. dissection rraun The separationof a whole into its parts for study. dissemblance rwun A displayof insincerebehavior. dissemble oerb l. To behaveaffectedlyor insincerely. 2. To chdngeor modify so as to prevent recognitionof the true identity or characterof. 3. Obs.To pretendnot to see. disseminate oerb 1. To make (information)generallyknown. out. 2. To pass(something) dissension noun A stateof disagreementand disharmony. dissent oerb To be of different opinion. dissent rroun A stateof disagreementand disharmony. dissenter noun A personwho dissentsfrom the doctrine of an establishedchurch. dissentience noun A stateof disagreementand disharmony. dissertation noun 1. A formal, lengthy expositionof a topic. 2. A systematic,thoroughwritten presentationof an originalpoint of view. disserve oerb or perfectionof. To spoil the soundness disservice rmun An act that is not just. dissever aerb To separateinto parts with or as if with a sharp-edged instrument. dissidence notrn A stateof disagreementand disharmony. dissident noun A personwho dissentsfrom the doctrine of an church. established dissimilar adiectiae Not like anotherin nature.quality,amount,or form. dissimilarity nnun The conditionof beingunlikeor dissimilar. dissimilitude noun The condiUonof beingunlikeor dissimilar. dissimulate oerb To changeor modify so as to prevent recognitionof the true identity or characterof. dissipate aerb 1. To spend(money)excessively and usu.foolishly. 2. To disappearby or as if by rising. 3. To separateor causeto separateand go in various directions.

DISAPPOINT.

DISAPPOINTING.

ANALYZE,

ANALYSIS.

ACT

nOUn.

1 . l.cr aerb. 2 . uscursr oerb. 3. sr,rNKer at blink. l.

ADVERTISE.

2 . DISTRIBUTE. CONFLICT

NOUN,

CONFLICT NOUN.

SEPARATIST.

CONFLICT NOUN.

1. nrscounsunoun. 2. rnnsrs.

INJURE. INJUSTICE.

cur aerb.

CONFLICT

NOUN.

SEPARATIST.

DIFFERENT.

DIFFERENCE.

DIFFERENCE.

nrscursr oerb.

t . wrsrn oerb. 2 . rtpr aerb. 3 . SCATTER.

dissociate dissociate oerb l. To become separated from. 2. To remove from association with. dissolute adiectitse 1. Lacking in moral restraint. 2. Given to heedless, unrestrained pursuit of pleasure. dissoluteness noun Excessivefreedom; lack of restraint.

dissolution noun 1. Theactor factof dpng. 2. Excessivefreedom: lack of restraint.

dissolve aerb

t 1 7

1. To reduce or become reduced to pieces or components. 2. To disappear gradually by or as if by dispersal of particles. 3. To change from a solid to a liquid. 4. Motion Pic. d: T.V. To make (a film image) disappear gradually. dissolve noun M?!b".Pic. b T.V. The gradual disappearance,esp. of nlm rmage. ..a OlSSOnanCe rwun A state of disagreement and disharmony. dissonant adiectirse l. Characterized by unpleasant discordance of sound. 2. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency.

I. ennrx oerb. 2. oeracH. 1. eseNoorvno. 2. resr adiectiae. LICENSE

NOUN,

1 . DEATH. 2 . LICENSENAUN. l. BREAK up at break. 2. rnon oerb, 3. MELT. 4. FADE OUT.

FADE-our at fade out.

CONFLICT

NOUN.

1. rNHenuoNrous. 2. rNcoNcnuous.

dissuade oerb To persuade (a person) not to do something: tried to dissuad.ethe President from taking military action.

distatf noun

Women in general. distaff adiectioe Of, relating to, or characteristic of women. distance ioun l. The fact or condition of being far removed or apart: Because of its distance Helenn u)as an appropriate island of exile. 2. An extent, measured or unmeasured, of linear space: Faaorable winds propelled the ship a great distance before suruet. 3, Dissociation from one's surroundings or worldly affairs. 4. A wide and open area, as of land, sky, or water. 5. Degree of separation, esp. in time. distant adiectioe 1. Far from others in space, time, or relationship: faint light frorn distant parts of the unioerse; cntmbled remains of the distant past. 2. Not friendly, sociable, or warrn in manner.

Syns: deter, discourage, divert. -Idiorn talk out of. FEMININITY.

FEMININE.

1. Syns: farness,remoteness.

2 . Syns: length, piece (Regiornl),

space,

stretch, way.

3 . DETACHMENT. 4. EXPANSE. 5. REMOVE rWUn. 1 . Syns: far,

faraway, far-fung, far-off, remote, removed. -Idiom at a distance. 2. coor- adiectioe.

distaste rwun An attitude or feeling of aversion.

distasteful ad;iectioe 1. Difficultto accept. 2. So unpleasant in flavor as to be inedible. distill oirb To fall or let fall in drops of liquid. distinct adiecthse l. Distinguished from others by nature or qualities: The futW used two cornpatible but distinct colors. 2. Readily seen, perceived, or understood.

DISLIKE TIOUN,

1 . BrrrER adiectioe. 2 . UNPALATABLE. onrp oerb. l. Syns: discrete, diverse, separate, several, various. 2. eppenBxr.

28r 3. Without any doubt. 4. Clearly defined; not ambiguous. distinction noun 1. The act or an instance of distinguishing: The statistics mnke no distinction bettaeen part-time and full-time em.ployees. 2. The condition of being unlike or dissimilar. 3. A position of exalted, widely recognized importance. 4. A special feature or quality that confers superiority. 5. Recognition of achievement or superiority or a sign of this: graduated rcith distinction. distinctive adiectiae Serving to identify or set apart an individual or group: a bird's distinctiae mnrkings; a distinr:tiae behaoior pattem.

distress 3. oncrono. 4. snenp adiectioe. 1. Syns; differentiation, discrimination, separation. 2. 3. 4. 5.

orrrnnnxcn. plrtNnNcn. vrnrun. Syns; accolade, honor, kudos, laurels.

Syns: characteristic, distinguishing, individual, peculiar, typical (also tlpic ), vintage.

distinctiveness noun The quality of being individual.

INDIVIDUALITY.

distinctness noun The quality of being clear and easy to perceive or understand.

CLARITY.

distinguish oerb 1. To recognize as being different: could not distinguish fear frorn cousardice. 2. To perceive and fix the identity of. 3. To perceive with a special effort of the sensesor the mind. 4. To make noticeable or different: Simple, clean-cut forms distinguish the usork of this architect. 5. To cause to be eminent or recognized: He distinguished himself as a statesman. distinguished adiectirse Widely known and esteemed. distinguishing adiectirse Serving to identify or set apart an individual or group.

1. Syns: differentiate, discern, discriminate, know, separate, tell. 2. orscBnN. 3. norrcn oarb. 4. Sjns: characterize, difierentiate, discriminate, individualize, mark, qualily, set apart, signalize, singularize. 5. Syns; elevate, ennoble, exalt, honor, signalize. EMINENT.

DISTINCTIVE,

distort aerb 1. To give an inaccurate view of by representing falsely or misleadingly: propagandists who distort facts.

2. To alter and spoil the natural form or appearance of.

1. Syns; belie, color, falsify, load, misrepresent,misstate,pervert, twist, warp, wrench. -Idiont. give a false coloring to. 2. opr''onna.

distract aerb 1. To occupy in an agreeable or pleasing way. 2. To make insane. distracting adiectirse Entertaining or pleasing. distraction rwun 1. Something, esp, a performance or show, designed to entertain. 2. The condition of being amused. distrait adiectiae So lost in thought as to be unaware of one's surroundings. distraughl adiectiae Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness.

l. tv'usn aerb. 2. nnneNce. AMUSING.

l. enrusrnrNr. 2. auusnurNr. ABSENT-MINDED.

INSANE.

distress oerb 1. To cause suffering or painful sorrow to: The neussof the child's death distressed her deeply. 2. To cause anxious uneasinessin. distress noun 1. A state of physical or mental suffering: respiratory

l. Syns; affiict, aggrieve, anguish, grieve, pain. 2. wonny aerb. 1. Syns; affiiction, agony, anguish, hurt,

distressed distress;felt great distressooer the death of her father. 2. Anxious concern. 3. The condition of being in need of immediate assistance:a suim.rner in distress.

distressed adiectioe In a state of uneasiness. distressful adiectioe Troubling to the mind or emotions.

distressin! adiectioe Troubling to the mind or emotions.

distribute- aerb 1. To give out-in portions or shares: The gooem,nrcnt distributed land to settlers uilling to plant it. 2. T-o pass (something) o$: distributing handbiil"s on the street. 3. To extend over a wide area. 4. To put into a deliberate order.

distribu-tion noun

l. The act of distributingor the condition of being distributed:Attomeys-superuisedthe distributiin of the propert7amnngthe heirs. ..2. A yay or conditionof beingarranged. distrust nnun Lack of ftust: Iookedat the new deaicewith distrust. distrust tserb To lack trust or confidencein: Distrustingbanks,he kept his cashin a shoebox. distrustful adiectioe Lacking trust or confidence distrustful of strangers. disturb oerb l. To alter the settledstateor position of: The earthqtnke disturbed the roilcsand started a landslide. ?. To i^p"ir or destroythe composureof. 3. To put out of proper order. !. To break up the order or progressof. 5. To trouble the nervesor peaceof mind of, esp.by repeatedvexaUons. disturSance noun An interruption of regularprocedureor of public peace:A disturbanceat the back of the hall mnde the speakerpause. disturbed adiectiae In a stateof uneasiness. disturbing adiectbe Troubling to the mind or emotions:a disturbingtum of eaentsin SouthuestAsin. disunion noun 1. The act or an instanceof separaUng one thing from another. 2. The condition of being divided, as in opinion. disunite oerb l. To becomeor causeto becomeapart one from another. 2. To make distant,hostile,or unsympathetic. disuse naun The quality or stateof being obsolete.

282 misery,pain, woe. 2. eNxrrry. 3. Syns:exigency(alsoexigence),trouble. -Idiorn hot water.

DISTURBING.

DISTURBING,

l. Syns: deal, disburse, dispense, divide, diwy (Slang), dole out, measure out, parcel, portion, share. 2. Syns: circulate, disperse, disseminate, hand out. 3. spnnl:o aerb. 4. enneNcs. 1. Syns: apportionment, disbursal, dispensation, division. 2. ARnaNcEMENT. Syns; doubt, doubtfulness, mistrust, suspicion. Syns: doubt, misdoubt, mistrust, suspect.

Syns; doubtful, doubting, dubious, mistrustful, suspicious, untrusting. 1. Syns: agitate, dislocate, displace, move, shake, shift. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ecrretn. orsononn oerb. orsnupr. exNoy.

Syns: agitation, commotion, fuss, mmpus, stirr, to-do (Infonnal), tumult, turbulence, uproa"r. ANXIOUS.

Syns; disruptive, distressing, distressful, intrusive, troublesome, unsettling, upsetting. l. orvrsroru. 2. oryrsroN. 1. orvrnn. 2. ssrnANcr.

283 ditch oerb To let go or get rid of as being no longer of use, value, etc. dither noun A state of discomposure. dither oerb To be irresolute in acting or doing. dithyrambic adiectitse Fired with intense feeling. divagate oerb To turn aside from the main subject in writing or speaking.

diversion DISCARD.

AGITATION. HESITATE. PASSIONATE. DIGRESS.

divagation nou,n 1. The act of digressing. 2. An instance of digessing.

1. orcnnssroN. 2. nrcnnssrol.t.

divarication noun The condition of being unlike or dissimilar. dive oerb 1. To undergo a sharp, rapid descent in value or price. 2. To move or thrust at, under, or into the midst of with sudden force. dive nDun l. The act of plunging suddenly downward into or as if into water. 2. A sudden involuntary drop to the ground. 3. A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices. 4. Slang. A disreputable or run-down bar or restaurant. diverge oerb 1. To separate into branches or branchlike parts. 2. To turn away from a prescribed course of action or conduct. 3. To turn aside froln the main subject in writing or speaking. divergenc€ also divergency noun l. The condition of being unlike or dissimilar. 2. A departing from what is prescribed. 3. The condition of being divided, as in opinion. 4. An instance of digressing. divergency noun divergent adiectioe 1. Departing from the normal. 2. Not like anotlier in nature, quality, amount, or form. divers adiectioe l. Not limited to a single class. 2. Consisting of a number of different kinds. 3. Archaic. Consisting of an indefinitely small number that is more than two or three but less than many. diverse adiectiae 1. Distinguished from others by nature or qualities. 2. Not like another in nature, quality, amount, or form. 3. Not limited to a single class. 4. Consistinq of a number of different kinds. diverseness noun The quality of being made of many difierent elements, forms, kinds, or individuals. diversified adiectioe 1. Not limited to a single class. 2. Consisting of a number of different kinds. diversion noun l. A departing from what is prescribed. 2. Something, esp. a performance or show, designed to entertain.

DIFFERENCE.

l, rlu,r oerb. 2. m.vNcn oerb.

1. pr.uxcn twun. 2. su,r noun. 3. rer-r, rwun. 4. yorNr rwun. 1. enANcHoarb. 2. onwtrn oerb. 3. orcnnss.

1. orrrunrNcn. 2. orvrerrow. 3. nrvrsrow. 4. ucnrssrox. snr divergence. 1. erNonuar.. 2. orprunrrrrr. 1. cpnnner.. 2. vanrous. 3. snvBnnr-.

l. 2. 3. 4.

orstrncr. orrrunnrtr. cnNEneL. venrous.

VARIETY.

1. cnxrner-. 2. vanrous. 1,. opvrarroN. 2. auusrunmr.

diversity 3. The condition of being amused. 4. Activity engaged in for relanation and amusement.

3 . AMUSEMENT. 4. PLAY NOUN.

diversity noun 1. A collection of various things. 2. The quahty of being made of many different elements, forms, kinds, or individuals. aerb divert l. To change the direction or course of. 2. To persuade (a person) not to do something. 3. To occupy in an agreeable or pleasing way. diverting adiectioe Entertaining or pleasing. oerb divest 1. To make bare. 2. To take or keep something away from.

ASSORTMENT. VARIETY.

1. runx r-erb. 2. nrssueor. 3. euusr. AMUSING.

l. r,Ar.nDerb. 2. lBpnrvB.

divestiture naun The condition of being deprived of what one once had or ought to have. divide oerb 1. To make a division into parts, sections, or branches: Berlin i"sdbided into fmr sectors. 2. To become or cause to become apart one from another: Manq families in Bord.er States were diDiiled ouu ih-t issue of slatsery. A great schisrn diDidpd the Christirm church. 3. To give out in portions or shares. nnun dividend Something glven in refurn for a service or accomplishment. divinet adiectioe l. Of, from, like, or being a god or God: the dioine uill; dioine in spiration. 2. In the service or worship of God or a god: diaine rites. 3. Informal. Particularly excellent. divine naun A person ordained for service in a Christian church. divine2 oerb l. To know in advance. 2. To tell about or make known (future events) by or as if by supernatural means. noun diviner A person who foretells future events by or as if by supernafural means. divinitory adiectitse Of or relating to &e foretelling of events by or as if by supernafural means.

DEPRIVATION.

1. Syns; break up, part, partition, section, segment, separate. 2. Syns: break, detach, disjoin, disloint, disunite, divorce, separate, split. -Idioms part company, set at odds. 3. orsrnrsurr. REWARD NOUN,

L. Syns: deific, godlike, godly, heavenly.

2. Syns;holy, 3. wnvnr.ous. PREACHER. FORESEE. PROPHESY.

PROPHET.

division rwun 1. The act or an instance of separating one thing from another: a dioision of Church and State. 2. The act of distributing or the condiUon of being distributed. 3. One of the parts into which something is divided: a compan7 with European and U.S. dioisions. 4. The condition of being divided, as in opinion: a nation rent by wide dioision oDer the Vietnam conflict. 5. A local unit of a business or an auxiliary controlled by such a business, 6. A part of a family, tribe, or other group, or of such a

flHffi?i:*.**

isbelieved to stemfroma

1. Syns; detachment, disunion, divorce, divorcement, partition, separaUon, split-up. 2. nrsrnrnurroN. 3. Syns: member, parcel, part, piece, portion, section, segment, subdivision. 4. Syns: divergence (also divergency), disunion, split. 5. suesrorenv. 5. nnewcn naun,

285 7. A component of government that performs a given function. divorce oerb l. To terminate a marriage through legal action: He dioorced his wife. -cause 2.To become o. to become apart one from another. divorce twun The act or an instance of separating one thing from another. divorcement rwun The act or an instance of separating one thing from another. divulge oerb To disclose in a breach of confidence. diwy oerb Slang. To give out in porUons or shares. diwy rwun Slang. That which is allotted. dizziness noun A sensation of whirling or falling: sufers dizziness uhen climbing on ladders. dizzy adiectioe 1. Having a sensation of whirling or falling: too dizay to get on the meny-go-round again. 2. Producing dizziness or vertigo. 3. Informnl. Given to lighthearted silliness. 4. Vastly exceeding a normal limit, as in cost. dlzzy aerb To cause to be unclear in mind or intent. dizzying adiectioe l. Producing dizzinessor vertigo. 2. Vastly exceeding a normal limit, as in cost. do oerb 1. To begin and carry through to completion. 2. To produce on the stage. 3. To play the part of. 4. To meet a need or requirement. 5. lnformnl. To spend or complete (time), as a prison term. 6. To conduct oneself in a specified way. 7. To prepare (food) for eating by the use of heat. 8. To journey over (a specified distance). 9. Slang. To get money or something else from by deceitful trickery. 10. To progressor perform adequately, esp. in difficult circumstances. do for aerb To work and care for. do in oerb t. Slang. To make extremely tired. 2. Slang. To take the life of (a person or persons) unlawfully. 3. Informal. To cause the death of. do up aerb To cover and tie (something), as with paper and string. do rwun Slnng. A large or important social gathering. docile adiectioe Easily managed or handled.

docile 7. nnexcn tmun. l. Syn:unmarry. 2. urvroB.

DIVISION.

DIVISION.

BETRAY. DISTRIBUTE.

ALLOTMENT.

Syns: giddiness, lightheadedness, vertigo, wooziness. 1. Syns; giddy, lightheaded, reeling, vertiginous, woozy. -Idioms going around in circles, seeing double. 2. cmoy. 3. cmov. 4. srunpr. CONFUSE.

1. crnoy. 2. srrBpl. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

prnronu. srtcn oerb. rcr oerb. snnvr. srnvr.

6. 7. 8. 9.

tcr oerb. coox oerb. rnevensn oerb. cr.F.1rraerb.

10. vaNecr.

SERVE.

l. nxHausr. 2. uvnonn oerb. 3. xu,r-. wntp aerb. PARTY |WUN.

cENTLE

adiectitse.

docket docket noun An organized list of procedures, activities, events, etc. oerb doctor 1. To give medical aid to. 2. To restore to proper condition or functioning. 3. To make impure or inferior by deceptively adding foreign substances. doctrinaire adiectiae l. Devoted to certain doctrines without regard to practicability: persisted in a doctrinaire faith in the free market eoen u;hen it wasn't uorking. 2. Characterized by or favoring absolute obedience to authority. 3. Tending to dictate. doctrine ioun A principle taught or advanced for belief, as by a religious or philosophical group: doctrines of the church. doddering adiectioe Exhibiting the mental and physical deterioration often accompanfng old age. doddery adiectioe Exhibiting the mental and physical deterioration often accompanfng old age. dodge noun An acilon meant to deceive. dodge oerb l. To avoid fulfilling or answering completely. 2. To keep - away from. doff aerb To take from one's own person. do for aerb dog oerb l. To follow closely or persistentJy: dogged my footsteps. 2. To keep (another) under surveillance by moving along behind. dogged adiectiae Tenaciously unwilling to feld. doggednesi noun The quality or state of being stubbornly unflelding. dogma noun A principle taught or advanced for belief, as by a religious or philosophical goup. dogmatic adiectiae 1. Devoted to certain doctrines without regard to practicability. 2. Tending to dictate. dog-tired adiectiae Extremely tired. do in aerb noun doing Something done. doit noun A tiny amount.

PROGRAM.

l. rnr,tr aerb. 2. rrx oerb. 3. aour-rnRATE.

L. Syns: dogmatic, theoretical (also theoretic ). 2. eurnonrrARrAN adiectioe. 3. orcraronmr.. Syns: dogma, teaching, tenet.

SENILE.

SENILE.

DECEPTION.

EVADE, AVOID.

npvovn oerb. snn do. l. Syns: bloodhound, heelr tag, trail. 2. ror-row.

OBSTINATE.

OBSTINACY.

DOCTRINE.

1 . DOCTRINAIRE. 2 . DICTATORIAL. EXHAUSTED.

snn do. 1|CT nOUn. BITI.

doldrums noun A feeling or spell of dismally low spirits. dofe noun Assistance,esp. money, food, and other necessities, given to the needy or dispossessed. dole out aerb To give out in portions or shares. dofeful adiectioe 1. Full of or expressiveof sorrow.

GLOOM.

RELIEF.

DISTRIBUTE,

1.. sonnowrur,.

287 2. Causing sorrow.

dominate 2. sonnowrul.

dolefulness noun A feeling or spell of dismally low spirits. dole out aerb noun dof ittle A self-indulgent person who spends time avoiding work or other useful activity. doll nou,n Slang. A woman regarded as beautiful. doll up aerb Slang, To dress in formal or special clothing. doll up oerb dof orous adiectioe 1. Full of or expressiveof sorrow. 2. Causing sorrow. doft noun A mentally dull person. doltish adiectiae Lacking in intelligence. noun domain A sphere of activity, study, or interest. dome noun Slang. The uppermost part of the body. domestic adiectioe f . Of or pertaining to the family or household: cooking cleaning and other domestic chores. 2. Trained or bred to live with and be of use to man: a dnmestic cat that reoerted to the u:ild. 3. Of, from, or within a country's own territory: d,omesticpolitical issues;dontestic wirws.

GLOOM.

snn dole. WASTREL.

BEAUTY.

DREssup at dress. snn doll. 1. sonnowrur,. 2. sonnowrur-. DULLARD. STUPID. AREA. H.E'AD NOUN.

L. Syns: familial, family, home, homely, household. 2. Syns: domesticated, domesticized, tame. 3. Syns; home, internal, national, native.

domesticate oerb To train to live with and be of use to man: tried to domesticate a iaguar. domesticated adiectiae Trained or bred to live with and be of use to man. domesticize aerb To train to live with and be of use to man. domesticized adiectiae Trained or bred to live with and be of use to man. noun domicile A building or shelter where one lives. domicile also domiciliate oerb l. To provide with often temporary lodging. 2. To have as one's domicile. usu. for an extended period. aerb domiciliate dominance rwu,n 1. The condition or fact of being dominant: a cuffencA of unquestionable dorninance in the intemational nxorleAmarkets.

2. The act of exercising controlling power or the condition of being so controlled. dominant adiectioe 1. Exercising controlling power or influence: c dominant neu dynnsty. 2. Having pre-eminent signfficance. 3. Nlost important, influential, or significant. dominate ierb l. To occupy the pre-eminent position in: The yankees

Syns: domesticize, gentle, master, tame.

DOMESTIC. DOMESTICATE. DOMESTIC. HOME.

1. nenson Derb. 2. tlnl, snn domicile. 1. Syns; ascendancy, domination, predominance, pre-eminence (aho preeminence, preiiminence), preponder ance (ako preponderancy ), prepotency, supremacy. 2. oourNerroN.

1. Syns; commanding, controlling, dominating, dominative, governing, regnant, ruling. 2. nur.rr.{cadiectiae. 3. pnrueny. l. Syns: predominate, preponderate,

domination dominnted the American League for years. 2. To exercise authority or infuence over. 3. To command in an arrogant manner. 4. To rise above, esp. so as to afford a view of: A high water tower dominates the sleepy town.

288 prevail, reign, rule. -Idionrs have the ascendancy, reign supreme. 2. covrnor oerb. 3. soss oerb. 4. Syns: command, overlook, tower above.

domination rnun 1. The act of exercising controlling power or the condition of being so controlled: the former dornination of Africa by coloninl pouers. 2. The condition or fact of being dominant. 3. The right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge.

l. Syns; command, control, dominance, dominion, mastery, rule, sway. 2. ooplNeNcr. 3. eurnonrrr.

domineer oerb To command in an arrogant manner.

noss oerb.

domineering adiectioe Tending to dictate. nuun dominion l. The act of exercising controlling power or the condiUon of being so controlled. 2. The right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge. 3. Legal right to the possessionof a thing. don oerb To put (an article of clothing) on one's person: dorm.ed ooeralls for the dirtg work ahead.

DICTATORIAL.

1. To present as a gift to a charity or cause: dormted a painting to the church bamar. 2. To give in common with others. noun donation Something given to a charity or cause: a darwtion of $2,000 to the Red Cross.

l. Syns; bestow, contribute, give, hand out. 2. corqrnrnurn.

A person who gives to a charity or cause. done ad;iectiae l. Having reached completion. 2. Having no further relaUonship. 3. No longer effective, capable, or valuable. adiectiae done for No longer effective, capable, or valuable. done in adiectioe Slnng. Extremely tired.

DONOR.

1. oourNeuoN. 2. eunronrrv. 3. owNnnsHrp. Syns: assurne,get on, pull on, put on, slip into, slip on.

donate oerb

Syns; alms, benefaction, beneficence, charity, contribution, gift, handout, offering.

donator rwun

1. corrrpr,rrn adiectioe. '2. rnnoucn adiectiae. 3. rrrnoucu adiectiae. THRoucHadiectioe. EXHAUSTED.

DonJuan noun 1. A man amorously attentive to women. 2. A man who philanders. 3. A man who seduceswomen. donnish adiecth:e Characterizedby a narrow concern for book learning and formal rules, without knowledge or experience of practical matters. noun dohnybrook A quarrel or fight marked by very noisy, disorderly, and often violent behavior. noun donor A person who gives to a charity or cause: a generous dnrwr to the Red Cross. adiectiae do-nothing Resistant to exertion and activity. do-nothing nolrn A self-indulgent person who spends time avoiding work or other usefr,rl activity.

1. cer-leNr noun. 2. pntr-etroERER. 3. sroucnn. PEDANTIC.

BRAWL

ftoun.

Syns; benefactor, contributor, donator, giver, grantor, subscriber. LAZY. \{/ASTREL.

289 doodad twun Informal. A small,specializedmechanicaldevice. doodle oerb To wastetime by engagingin aimlessactivity. doohickey noun Informal. A small,specializedmechanicaldevice. doom noun A predestinedtragic end. doom oerb l. To predestineto a tragicend. 2. - To pronouncejudgmentagainst. doomed adiectiae Sentencedto terrible, irrevocablepunishment. doomful adiecth;e Portending future disaster. doomsayer noun A prophet of misfortune or disaster. dope noun L. Informnl. A narcotic substance, esp. one that is addictive. 2. Wannal. One deficient in judgment and good dope oerb l. lnformal. To administer or add a drug to. 2. To make impure or inferior by deceptively adding foreign substances. dope out oerb l. Informal. To form a strategy for. 2. Informnl. To find a solution for. doped' adiectioe lnformal Stupefied, intoxicated, or otherwise - influenced by the taking of drugs. dope out oerb dopey also dopy adiectioe - Slnng. Lacking len_tal and physical alertness and activity. dopeyness also dopiness nuun Slang. A deficiency in mental and physical alertness and activity. dopiness noun dopy adiectioe dormancy noun The condition of being temporarily inacUve. dormant adiectioe 1. Existing in a temporarily inactive and hidden form. 2. ln a state of temporary inactivity. dose oerb To administer or add a drug to. dot noun A very small mark. dot oerb To mark with many small spots. dotage rwun The condition of being senile. dote on aerb To like or enjoy enthusiastically, often excessively. . doting adiectiae 1. Feeling and expressing afiection. 2. Exhibiting the mental and physical deterioration often accompanying old age. doubfe adiecthse l. Copposed of two parts or things: a double uindou; a double pleat.

double GADGET. MESS AROUND At MESS. GADGET. FATE TWUN,

l, pnrn oerb. 2. corvonnw. CONDEMNED. FATEFUL. PESSIMIST.

1 . DRUG

TMUN.

2 . FOOL

nnun.

l. onuc oerb. 2. enur.reRATE.

1. onsrcw uerb. 2. nnsorvn oerb. DRUGGED.

sm dope. LETHARCIC. LETHARGY.

snndopeyness. snndopey. ASEYANCE.

1. r,ernrvr. 2. slnrpruc. onvc oerb. POINT |WUN, SPECKLE. SENILITY. ADORE.

1. arrucrroNATE. 2. snwrrn. 1. Syns;biform, binary, dual, duple, duplex, duplicate,geminate,twofold.

double-cross 2. Twice as much or as large: took a dnuble dose of the painkilbr. 3. Characterized by duplicity: a scound,rel'sdouble tongue. 4. Consisting of two identical or similar related things, parts, or elements. double naun 1. One exactly resembling another: ordirnry people trsho haryen to be the doubles of celebrities. 2. One of a matched pair of things. double oerb 1. To make or become twice as great: She got a big raise that doubled her sal,ary. The price of gold mare than doubl,ed in the 7970's. 2. To turn sharply around: The ru,nner had to double back to pick up the dropped baton. 3. To bend together or crease so that one part lies over another.

290 2. Syns: doubled, twofold. 3. Syns; double-dealing, double-faced, Iscariotic or Iscariotical, treacherous, two-faced. 4. rwrx adiectirse.

1. Syns; duplicate, image, picture, portrait, ringer (Slang). -Idiom spitting image. 2. uerp noun. 1. Syns; duplicate, redouble.

2. Syns: about-face, reverse. 3. roro oerb.

double-cross oerb L. Slang. To be treacherous. 2. Slnng. To cause to accept what is false, esp. by trickery or misrepresentation. double-cross norilr, Slnng. An act of betraying. adiectiae doubled Twice as much or as large. doubfe-dealing adiectioe Characterized by duplicity. double-dealing nnun The act or practice of deceiving.

1.. enrRev. 2. rrcBrvr.

BETRAYAL.

DouBLE adiectioe. DouBLE adiectitse. DECEIT.

doubleentendre noun An expressionor term liable to more than one interpretation. doublri-faced adiectioe Characterizedby duplicity. doublet noun Two items of the samekind together. double-talk noun 1. Unintelligbl" or foolishtalk. 2. Wordy, unclearjargon. doubt rserb 1. To be uncertain,disbelieving,or skepticalabout: The new dnta made the scientistsd,oubttheir original assumptiorn. 2. To lack trust or confidencein. doubt rwun 1. A lack of convictionor certainty:A prior recordof pe4ury cast dou.bton his truthfulness.The contmand,erregardedthe battle plan uith grousing dnubt. 2. Lack of trust. doubtable ad;iectioe Not affordingcertainty. doubter naun One who habitudly or instinctivelydoubtsor questions. doubtful adiectine l. Experiencingdoubt: I am doubtful abm't your plaru. 2. Not affordingcertainty. 3. Not likely: lt is doubtful that our team usill uin.

AMBIGUITY.

DouBLE adiectioe. COUPLE IWUN.

1. sABsr-Brwun. 2. crsernrsH. l. Syns: mistrust, question. -ldicnnhave one's doubts. 2. orsrnusr oerb. 1. Syns; doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness,incertitude, mistrust, question, skepticism, suspicion, uncertainty, wonder. 2. orsrnusr nDun. AMBIGUOUS. SKEPTIC.

1. Syns; dubious, skeptical, uncertain, undecided, unsure. -ldiorn in doubt. 2. eMsrcuous. 3. Syns: improbable, questionable, unlikely.

downgrade

29r 4. In doubt or dispute. 5. Lacking trust or confidence. 6. Of dubious character.

4. DEBATABLE. 5. DISTRUSTFUL. 5. SHADY.

doubtfulness nutn l. A lack of convictionor certainty. 2. Lack of trust. doubting adiecthse Lackingtrust or confidence. doubting Thomas noun One who habitudly or instinctivelydoubtsor questions. doubtless adoerb Without question. dough nou,n Slnng.Something,as coins,printed bills, etc., used as a medium of exchange. doughty adiectiae Having or showingcourage. do up oerb dour adiectioe 1. Cold and forbidding. 2. Broodinglyand sullenlyunhappy. douse uerb 1. To plungebriefly in or into a liquid. 2. To make thoroughlywet. 3. To causeto stop burning or giving light. 4. To take from one'sown person. dovetail oerb To conform to another,esp.in sizeand shape. dowdy adiectioe 1. Of a style or methodformerly in vogue. 2. Quite outmoded. dower oerb To presentwith a quality, trait, or power. down adiectioe 1. In low spirits. 2. Sufieringfrom or affectedwith an illness. 3. Characterizedby reducedeconomicactivity. down oerb 1. To causeto fall, as from a shot or blow. 2. Informal. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competiUon. 3. To causeto passfrom the mouth into the stomach. down noun A suddendrop to a lower conditionor status. down-and-out rmun An impoverishedperson. down-at-h€€l ordown-at-the-heel adiectioe Showingsignsof wear and tear or neglect. down-at-the-heel adiectiae downcast adiecth:e In low spirits. downfall noun 1. A suddendrop to a lower conditionor status. overwhelmingdefeator ruin. 2. A disastrous, 3. Somethingthat causestotal lossor severe impairmentof one'shealth,fortune, honor, hopes,

DOUBT NOUN. DISTRUST IWUN. DISTRUSTFUL. SKEPTIC. ABSOLUTELY. MONEY.

BRAVEadiectiae. sm do. 1. sr-nAK. 2. cr-uu. l. 2. 3. 4,

orc aerb. wnl aerb. nxrtNcursn. nnuovn oerb,

rn oerb. l.

OLD-FASHIONED.

2 . tecrv2. crcr aerb. 1. onpnBssno. 2. srcx. 3. srow adiectiae. l. onop oerb. 2. onrrar oerb. 3. swer.r.ow aerb. DESCENT. PAUPER TWUN.

SHABBY.

spr down-at-heel. DEPRESSED.

l . DESCENT. 2 . FALL NOUN. 3 . RVLN nOUn,

etc.

perb downgrade 1. To think, represent, or speak of as small or unimportant. 2. To lower in character or quality. 3. To lower in rank or qrade.

l. snr,trrr-e. 2. oeeA.sp. 3. osN{orr.

downgrading 4. To become or make less in price or value. downgrade noun A sudden drop to a lower condition or status. noun downgrading The act or an instance of demoting. downhearted adiectir;e In low spirits. down payment rloun A partial or initial payment. downrighl adiectiae 1. Completely such, without qualification or exception. 2. Speakingor spoken freely and sincerely. noun downslide A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices. noun downswing A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices. down-to-earth adiectioe Having or indicating an awareness of things as they really are. noun downturn A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices. downward adiectiae Moving down. doze oerb To sleep for a brief period. doze noun A brief sleep. dozy adiectiae Ready for or needing sleep. drabr adiectioe 1. Lacking vividness in color. 2. !,acking liveliness, charm, or surprise. drab2 norln An ugly, frightening old woman. rrnun draft 1. Compulsory enrollment in military service: rioting stud,entsoryosed to the dr"ft 2. The act of drawing or pulling a load. 3. An act of drinking or the amount swallowed. 4. A preliminary plan or version, as of a written work: fini"shed a first dmft of her nooel. draft oerb 1. To enroll compulsorily in military service: toas drafted into the army for four years. 2. To devise and set down: The conwnittee drafted a rntional health-insuranre progtam. 3. To draw up a preliminary plan or version of: He d,rafted his speech quickly, then began to reoise. rmun drag 1. An act of drinking or the amount swallowed. 2. Informal. An inhalation, as of a cigar, pipe, or cigarette. 3. Slang. The power to produce an effect by indirect means. drag oerb l. To go or move slowly so that progressis hindered. 2. To advance slowly. 3. To hang or cause to hang down and be pulled along behind. 4. To exert force so as to move something toward the source of the force. drag down oerb Slang. To receive, as wages, for one's labor.

4. oEpnncreru. DESCENT.

DEPRESSED.

DEPOSIT

NOUN,

u:t:tER2 FRANK. FALL NOUN. FALL NOUN. REALISTIC.

FALL NOUN, DESCENDING. N*

oerb.

NAP nOUn. SLEEPY.

1 . nvrl- adiectiue, 2 . nurl- adiectiae. WITCH

nOUn.

t.

induction. Ievv.

2 . PULL NOUN. 3 . DRINK NOUN, 4. Syns: outline, rough, skeleton, sketch, -Idiom Syns; conscript, induct, call to the colors. 2. Syns: draw up, formulate, frame,

t.

3 . Syns: adumbrate, block

out, outline, rough in, rough out, sketch.

1 . DRINK |IAUN, 2 . PULL rWUN. 3 . INFLUENCE TWUN, L. onrty aerb. 2. carwr oerb. 3. rnxr oerb. 4. pvt-t oerb.

293 drag down oerb dragging adiectiae l- Extending tediously beyond a standard duration. 2. Proceeding at a rate less than usual or desired. draggle u"rb" To hang or cause to hang dou'n and be pulled along behind. dragoon oerb To compel by pressure or threats. drain aerb 1. To remove (a liquid) by a steady, gradual process: We drairwd the umter from the cistem with a siphon. 2. To use all of. 3. To diminish the strength and enerry of. 4. To grow or cause to grow gradually less. 5. To make or become no longer active or productive. 6. To lessenor weaken severely, as by removing something essential. drained adlectioe 1. Extremely tired. 2. Depleted of strength or robust health. rwun dram l. A tiny amount, 2. A small amount of liquor. dramatic adiectiae 1. Of or pertaining to drama or the theater: a dramntic performance. 2. Suggestingdrama or a stage performance, as in emotionality or suspense:mad,ea dramntic entrance in a swirling cape. dramaticism noun Showy mannerisms and behavior. dramatics noun l. The art and occupation of an actor. 2. Overemotional, exaggerated behavior calculated for effect.

dramatize oerb To produceon the stage. dramaturgic adiectioe Of or pertaining to drama or the theater. drape oerb 1. To cover as if with clothes. 2. To sit or lie with the limbs spread out awkwardly. draw tserb 1. To exert force so as to move something toward the source of the force. 2. To cause (a liquid) to flow in a steady stream. 3. To obtain from another source. 4. To call forth or bring out (something latent, hidden, or unexpressed). 5. To make as income or profit. 6. To direct or impel to oneself by some quality or action. 7. To draw a conclusion from evidence or reasoning. draw down ogrb To receive, as wages, for one's labor. draw in oerb To pull back in. draw in (or into) oerb To involve (someone) in an activity. draw off oerb To remove (a liquid) by a steady, gradual process.

draw srn drag. 1. r,oxcr adjectiae. 2. sr,ow adiectiae. rnttr

oerb.

COERCE.

1. Syns; draw off, let out, pump, tap2.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

nxHeusr. rnrrcun oerb. prcnnesn oerb. onv ue at dry. onpr-nrn.

l. nxneusruo. 2. nuN-oowN adiectioe at run down. 1. srrr. 2. onop noun. 1. Syns: dramaturgic, histrionic, theatrical (a/so theatric ), thespian. 2. Syns: histrionic, melodramatic, sensational, spectacular, theatric al (also theatric ). THEATRICALISM.

l. acrrwc rloun. 2. rHnetnrcs.

srtcn oerb. DRAMATIC.

l. cr-orun. 2. spnewr,. l. purl- oerb. 2. poun. 3. ornrvn. 4. nvoxn. 5. nnrunu oerb. 6. errnecr. 7. rwpnn. EARN. WITHDRAW. ENGAGE. DRAIN.

294

drawback draw out aerb To make or become longer. draw up aerb l. To form a strategr for. 2. To devise and set down. draw noun l. The act of drawing or pulling a load. 2. The power or quality of attracting. 3. A dominating position, as in a conflict. 4. An equality of scores,votes, or performances in a contest. 5. An inhalation, as of a cigar, pipe, or cigarette. drawback noun

LENGTHEN.

l. onstcr,tuerb. 2. onnrr aerb. 1.. puu- noun. 2. arrnecrlox. 3. anveNrAGt'noun. 4. rtr noun. 5. pur,r. ngun. spn draw back.

draw back oerb To move back in the face of enemy attack or after a defeat. drawback noun An unfavorable condition, circumstance, or characteristic. draw down oerb draw in (or into) aerb drawn-oul adiectiue Extending tediously beyond a standard duration. draw off aerb

draw out aerb draw up oerb noun dread 1. Great agitation and anxiety caused by the expectation or the realization of danger. 2. The emotion aroused by something awe-inspiring or astounding. dread aerb To be afraid of. dreadful adiectiae 1. Causing or able to cause fear. 2. Very bad. dreadfully adaerb Informal. To a high degree. dream rroun 1. An illusory mental image: bad dreams; can't distinguish dreams from reality.

2. A fervent hope, wish, or goal: the Jews' dream of a natiorwl honelnnd. 3. A fantastic, impracticable plan or desire. dream oerb l. To experience dreams or daydreams: spent her time dreaming ir*tead of usorking. 2. To have a fervent hope or aspiration. dream up oerb To use ingenuity in making, developing, or achieving. rwun dreamer A person inclined to be imaginative or idealistic but impractical Ashley Wilkes was a tru,e dreamer. dream up oerb adiectioe dreamy 1. Given to daydreams or reverie: a drea,my,quiet child in a uorld of his oum. 2. Informal. Particularly excellent. drear adiectiae

nnrannl aerb.

DISADVANTAGE.

srn draw. sen draw. r-oNcr adiectioe. snn draw. srn draw. sBr draw. 1. rnen noun. 2. wouoen noun.

rnl^n aerb. 1. r'nanpul. 2. rnnnrnr,n. vnny adrserb. 1. Syns; fancy, fantasy (a/so phantasy), fiction, fignent, illusion, phantasm (a/so phantasma), reverie, vision. -Idiom figment (or creature) of the imagination. 2. Syns: aspiration, ideal. 3. ru-ustolr. 1. Syns.'fantasize,moon, muser. -ldiotn go woolgathering. 2. asprnr. TNVENT.

Syns: idealist, utopian, visionary. snBdream. 1.. Syns; moony, otherworldly, visionary, woolgathering. -Idiorn in the clouds. 2. menvnr,ous. snn dreary.

295 dreary also drear adiectioe l. Arousing no interest or curiosity. 2. Dark and depressing. dregs noun l. Matter that settles on a bottom or collects on a surface by a natural process. 2. A group of persons regarded as the lowest class. drench oerb l. To make thoroughly wet. 2. To rain heavily. drenched adieciiae Covered with or full of liquid. dress oerb l. To put clothes on: Sha dressedher children uarmlg.

2. To furnish with decorations. 3. To apply therapeutic materials to (a wound): used a handkerchief to dress his cut. 4. To prepare (soil) for the planting and raising of crops. dress down oerb To criticize for a fault or offense. dress up oerb To dress in formal or special clothing: all dressed up in a neuosuit. dress rwun l. Articles worn to cover the body: expensiae dress.

2. A set or style of clothing: Edwardinn dress. 3. A one-piece, skirted out-er garment for women and children: long and short dresses. dress down ,;erb dress up aerb dressy adiectiae Requiring elegant clothes and fine manners. dribble oerb l. To fall or let fall in drops of liquid. 2. To let saliva run from the mouth. dribble naun - Tb" process or sound of dripping. driblet noun A quantity of liquid falling or resting in a spherical mass. drift aerb 1. To move along with or be carried away by the action of water. 2. To pass smoothly, quietly, and undisturbed on or as if on a slippery surface. 3. To move about at random, esp. over a wide area. 4. To put into a disordered pile. drift noun 1. Something suggestive of running water. !. {.fo-uf of things gathered haphazardly. 3. The thread or current of thought uniting or occurring in all the elements of a text oi discourse. drill noun Repetition of an action so as to develop or maintain one's skill.

drill l. nonnrc. 2. cr-oouv. 1. orposrr noun. 2. rnesnl nDun. L. wnr oerb. 2. poun. wnr adiectiae. 1. Syns; apparel, array, attire, clad, clothe, garb, garment, invest (Rare), tog (lnfonrnl). 2. eoonN. 3. Syns; bandage, bind. 4. rrr,l.

cALL DowN at call. Syns.' deck out, doll up (Slang), slick (up) (Informnl), tog out (Informal), tog up (Informal), trick out, trick up. l. Syns; apparel, attire, clothes, clothing, duds (fnlormal), garb, garments, habiliments, raiment, threads (Slang), togs (Informal). 2. Syns: getup, guise, outfit, rig, tunout. 3. Syns; frock, gown. srn dress. srr dress. FORMAL.

l. ontp oerb, 2. onoot oerb.

DR.OP noun,

1. wesn. 2. srtrn. oerb. 3. nove. 4. unrp aerb. l. r'r,ow rwun, 2. spap rmun. 3. rrrnusr naun.

PRACTICE NAUN,

296

drink drill aerb 1. To subjectto forms of exertionin order to train, strengthen,or condition. 2. To instruct in a body of doctrine or belief. drink oerb 1. To take into the mouth and swallow (a liquid): We drank tea and ate biscuits. 2. To take alcoholicliquor, esp.excessivelyor habitually: Strict Hind,w do rwt drink.

3. To saluteby raisingand drinking from a glass:We d,rankto the memaryof old friends. 4. To take in (moistureor liquid): The parchedearth ilrank in the rain. drink rwun l. Any liquid that is fit for drinking: su.ppliedrc with food and drink. 2. An act of drinking or the amountswallowed:She pausedto take a fuink frort, her usineglass. drinkable noun Any liquid that is fit for drinking. drip oerb To fall or let fall in drops of liquid: Water dripped frorn the leaky fau.cet. drip nurn l. The processor soundof dripping: heard the slous drip ,f a leaky faucet. 2. Slang.An unpleasant,tiresomeperson:an old drip who spoiledall un fun. drippy adiectioe Slang.Affectedlyor extravagantlyemotional. drive oerb 1. To force to move or advancewith or as if with blows or pressure:Thefle drooeresidentsfrom their honws. 2. To causeto penetratewith force. 3. To fix (an idea) in someone'smind by re-emphasis and repetition. 4. To move or advanceagainststrongresistance. 5. To urge to move along:driaing the cattle to slaughter. 5. To set or keep going:a mill drioenby uind power' 7. To run and control (a motor vehicle):drotsethe car to work. 8. To force to work. 9. To exert one'smental or physicalpowers,usu' under difficulty and to the point of exhaustion. 10. To look for and pursue(gt t") in order to capture or kill it. drive nou,n l. A courseaffordingpassagefrom one place to another. 2. A trip in a motor vehicle: a Smdny drioe. 3. An organizedeffort to accomplisha purpose:a fund.raisingdrfue. readinessto undertaketaxingefforts:c 4. An aggressive

1. rxrncrsn aerb. 2. woocrnrNATE. 1. Syns; imbibe, quaff, sip, sup, swig (lnformal), toss down, toss off. -ldiom wet one's whistle. 2. Syns:booze (Slang), gtzzle, imbibe, liquor up (S/ang), lush (Slang), rnpz, soak (Slang), tank up (Slang), tipple. -ldionx bend the elbow, hit the bottle, take a drop. 3. Syns; pledge, toast. -Idiorn raise a glass to. 4. Syns: absorb, imbibe, soak up, sop (up). 1. Syns; beverage, drinkable, liquor, potable. 2. Syns: belt (Slang), draft, drag, potation, pull, quaff, sip, sup, swig

"^::::r)'sw'r Syns: distill, dribble, drop, trickle, weep.

1. Syns: dribble, drop, trickle. 2. Syns: bore, clod, jerk (Slang), pill

(stnng) ,"i3?;::"'

1. Syns; propel, push, ram, shove, thrust. 2. neu. 3. rnpnpss Derb. 4. ptvNcn oerb. 5. Syns; herd, run. 6. Syns; actuate, impel, mobilize, move, propel, run. 7. Syns: motor, pilot, tool (lnformnl), wheel. 8. wom oerb. 9. uron oerb. 1O. nur.rr.

1. wev noun. 2. Syns: ride, spin (Informal), whirl (lnformal). 3. Syns: campaign, crusade, push. 4. Syns: enterprise, getup, get-up-and-go

297 Aoung executioe with a lot of driae. 5. The wish, power, and ability to begin and follow through with a plan or task. drivel noun 1. Saliva running from the mouth. 2. Something that does not have or make sense. drivel aerb To let saliva run from the mouth. drivef ing adiectioe Lacking the qualities requisite for spiritedness and originality. driver noun A persort who operates a motor vehicle: a reckless drioer. driving adiectiae Disposed to action. droit noun A privilege granted a person by virtue of birth.

drolI adiictilrc Arousing - laughter. drollery *in The quality of being laughable or comical. drollness not^tn The,quality of being laughable or comical. . OfOne' noun A self-indulgent person who spends time avoiding work or other useful activity. drone2 oerb To make a continuous low-pitched droning sound. drone noun A continuous low-pitched droning sound. drool aerb To let saliva run from the mouth: Basset hounds drool. drool noun S-ulfu_u ^running from the mouth: The nurse uiped the drool from the patient's face. droop oerb l. To hang limply, loosely, and carelessly. 2. To become limp, as from loss of freshness. drop noun l. A quantity of liquid falling or resting in a spherical mass: Drcrps of perspiration stood out on her forehead. 2. The process or sound of dripping. 3. A tiny amount. 4. A small amount of liquor: had only a drop of brantly

l"ft.

5. The act of dropping from a height. 6. A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices. 7. A downward slope or distance: a sheer drop to the canAon f.oor. 8. A dominating position, as in a conflict. 9. The extent or measurementdownward from a surface. drop oerb l. To go from a more erect posture to a less erect dypyeQ to his knees before the king. - gost^u1e: 2. To fall or let fall in drops of liquid. 3. To undergo a sharp, rapid descent in value or price.

drop (Informnl), hustle, punch, push (Informal), snap (Informal), steam, vigor. 5. elmrrroN.

1. onoor noun. 2. uoNsnNsn. onoor aerb. INSIPID.

Synsl motorist, operator.

VIGOROUS.

BIRTHRIGHT, AMUSING. HUMOR NOUN. HUMOR NOUN. \vASTREL.

*tuv^oerb. IJUM noun.

Syns; dribble, drivel, salivate, slaver, slobber. Syns; drivel, salivation, slaver, slobber.

l. srovcs aerb. 2. wtrr. l. Syns; driblet, droplet, globule.

2. onrp rwLtn. 3. srrr. 4. Syns: dram, nip2, sip, shot, slugr (Informal), snort (Slang), totr. 5. r'er,r, noun. 6. relr noun. 7. Syns: decline, declivity, descent, fall. 8. enveNraGEnourl. 9. onprs.

l. Syns; fall, sink, slump. 2. onrp oerb. 3. rtrr aerb.

298

drop by 4. To slope downward: The ocean fnor drops sharyIy at the continental shelf. 5. To suddenly lose all health or strength. 6. To cause to fall, as from a shot or blow: The hunter dropped his prey with a singb shot. The boxer dropped his opponent with a right hook. 7. To cease consideration or treatment of: Let's drop the matter. 8. To decide not to go ahead with (something previously arranged). 9. To end the employment of. 10. To take or leave out: We harseto drop ttoo illustrations from the book for lack of space. 11. To suffer the loss of: dropped a lot of morwy at the race track. 12. To ceaseliving. 13. To come to the ground suddenly and involuntarily, 14. To move downward in responseto gravity. 15. To causeto descend. drop by oerb To go to or seek out the company of in order to socialize. drop in oerb To go to or seek out the company of in order to socialize. drop by aerb drop in oerb noun droplet A quantity of liquid falling or resting in a spherical mass. nuun drop-otf drop off aerb To decline, as in value or quantity, very gradually. drop-off noun A usu. swift downward trend, as in prices. adiecth:e drossy Lacking all worth and value. adiectioe droughty Having little or no precipitation.. noun drove 1. An enormous number of persons gathered together. 2. A very large number of things grouped together. aerb drown To flow over completely. adiecti.ae drowsy Ready for or needing sleep. drub aerb l. To hit heavily and repeatedly. 2. Slang. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competition. 3. To render totally ineffective by decisive defeat. 4. To criticize harshly and devastatingly. nornl drubbing l. Slang. The act of defeating or the condition of beins defeated. 2. Slang. A severe defeat. drudge oerb To do tedious, laborious, and sometimesmenial work.

4. Syns: decline, descend, dip, fall, fall off, sink. 5. cor,r,epsnoerb. 6. Syns; bring down, cut down, deck, down, felll, flatten, floor, ground, knock down, level, prostrate, throw. -Idiom lay low. 7. Syns: dismiss,give over, give up, skip. -ldiorrx have done with, wash one's hands of. 8. ceucnr.. 9. orsurss. 10. Syns; delete, eliminate, omit, remove. 11. Syns: forfeit, lose. -ldionr. kiss goodby to. 1.2.nrn. L3. rnrl- aerh. 14. prrr oerb. 15. lownn2. vrcrc aerb.

vstr aerb. srr drop. snn drop. DROP nOUn.

snr drop off. srtp aerb. FALL NOUN. WORTHLESS.

onr. adiectirse. 1. cnowo twun. 2. cnown noun. ruoon cerb. SLEEPY. l. snll oerb. 2. nnrF,tr aerb. 3. ovrnwupr-u. 4. st-lrnr aerb. 1. onruer

nolln.

2. tnouxcrxc. CnrNO ,'erb.

drudgery noun Phvsical exertion that is usu. difficult and exhausting.

LABOR

NOUN,

299 drug rwun 1. A substanceused in the treatment of disease:Aspirin is a conwwn drug for headaches. 2, A narcotic substance,esp. one that is addictive: arrested for dealing illictly in drugs. drug oerb To administer or add a drug to: drugged the patient to induce sleep. drugged adiectirse Stupefied, intoxicated, or otherwise influenced by the taking of drugs: The drugged bum lay in a heap in the fiIthy doorusay. drunk adiectiae Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor: too drunk to walk a strai,ght line.

drunk noun l. A person who is habitually drunk. 2. A drinking bout.

1.

medication,

2 . Syns: dope (Informal), narcotic, opiate. Syns: dope (Informnl), dose, medicate, narcotize, physic (Archaic). Syns: doped (Informal), high (Slang), hopped-up (Slang), spaced-out (Slang), stoned (Slang), turned-on (Slang), wipedout (Slang), zonked (Slang). Syns: besotted, blind (Slang), bombed (Slang), boozed (Slang), boozy (Slang), cock-eyed (Slang), crapulent, crapulous, crocked (Slang), drunken, high (Slang), inebriate, inebriated, lit up (Slang), loaded (Slang), looped (Slang), pickled (Slang), pixilated (Slang), plastered (Slnng), potted (Slang), sloshed (Slang), smashed (Slang), sodden (Slang), soused (Slang), stewed (Slang), stinking (Slang), stoned (Slang), tight (Slang), tipsy (Slang), zonked (Slang). -Idionw drunk as a skunk, half-seas over, high as a kite, in one's cups, three sheetsto the wind. 1. nnuwxeno. 2. spNonn.

drunkard ndun A person who is habitually drunk: a self-admitted drunkard who refused treatrnent.

drunken adiectioe Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. drunkenness noun The condition of being intoxicated with alcoholic liquor: the drunkenness of an old wirw. dry adiectiae 1. Having little or no liquid or moisture: The lnundry was dry by moming.

Syns; boozehound (Slang), boozer (Slang), drunk, inebriate, lush (Slang), rummyr (Slang), soak (Slang), sot, souse (Slang),sponge(Slang), stiff (S/ang), tippler. DRUNKadiectiae. Syns: crapulence, inebriation, inebriety, insobriety, intoxication.

l. Syns; anhydrous, arid, bone-dry, dehydrated, desiccated, moistureless, parched, waterless. 2. Having little or no precipitation: a drA climnte. 2. Syns: arid, droughty, rainless, thirsty. 3. Needing or desiring drink. 3. trmsrY. 4. Having a taste characteristic of that produced by acids. 4. soun adiectioe. 5. Without addition, decoraUon, or qualification. 5. eARr adiectioe. 5. With little or no emotion or expression: dealing out 6. Syns; impassive, matter-of-fact, unemotional. facts in a dry, mechanical uay. 7. Arousing no interest or curiosity. 7. sonNc. 8. Lacking liveliness, charm, or surprise. 8. our,r, adiectiae. 9. Disagreeable to the sense of hearing. 9. nensn. dry oerb 1. To make or become free of moisture; drying dishes; 1. Syns; dehydrate, desiccate,exsiccate, a drug that dries out water-laden tissues. parch. 2. To make or become physically hard. 2. nenonN. dry up oerb 1. To make or become no longer fresh or shapely 1. Syns; mummrfy, mummy, sear, shrivel, because of loss of moisture: The cut floweri uilted wither, wizen. and dded up in the hot sun.

dryness 2. To make or become no longer active or productive: When he went into exile, his imngination simply dried up.

dryness nuun 1. The stateor qualityof beinginsipid. 2. The practice of refraining from use of alcoholic Iiquors. dry up oerb dual adiectiae l. Composed of two parts or things. 2. Consisting of two identical or similar related things, parts, or elements. dubl aerb To give a name or title to. dubz noun Slang. A large, ungainly, and dull-witted person. noun dubiety A lack of conviction or certainty. adiectiae dubious 1. Lacking trust or confidence. 2. Experiencing doubt. 3. Not affording certainty. 4. Bordering on indelicacy or impropriety. adtserb dubiously With skepticism.

2 . Syns; deplete, desiccate,drain, sve out, play out, run out.

INSIPIDITY. TEMPERANCE.

snndry. DouBLE adiectiae. rww odjectioe.

xtv.r oerb. r-uupl noun. DOUBT NDUN.

1 . DISTRUSTFUL. 2 . DOUBTFUL. 3 . AMBIGUOUS. 4 . RACY. SKEPTICALLY.

dubiousness twun A lack of conviction or certainty. adiectiae dubitable Not affording certainty. duck aerb l. To plunge briefly in or into a liquid. 2. To avoid fulfilling or answering completely. 3. To keep away from. ductile adiectiae Capable of being shaped, bent, or drawn out, as by hammering or pressure.

DOUBT NOUN,

AMBIGUOUS.

L. orc aerb. 2. nveon. 3. evoro. MALLEABLE.

ductility rmun The quality or state of being flexible. dud noun lnformal. One that fails completely. noun dudgeon Extreme displeasure caused by an insult or slight. duds rwun Informal. Articles worn to cover the body. due adiectiae 1. Owed as a debt: The rent is due on the first of each month. The bookkeaper tallied the accounts due. 2. Consistent with prevailing or accepted standards or circumstances. 3. Known to be about to arrive: rwt home, but due shortly. due rwun 1. Something justly deserved: Girse the deail his due.

2. Something,such as money, owed by one person to another. due adtaerb In a direct line. duel oerb To oppose actively and with force.

FLEXIBILITY.

FAILURE.

OFFENSE.

DRESS

NOUN.

1. Syns; outstanding, owed, owing, payable, receivable, unpaid, unsettled. 2. ;usr adiectirse. 3. Syns; anUcipated,expected, scheduled.

1. Syns: comeuppance (also comeupance) (Informal), desert2,lumps, recompense, reward, wage(s). -ldictms just deserts, what is coming to one, what one has coming. 2. onnr.

DIRECTLY. RESIST.

301 dufcet adiectiae Resembling or having the effect of music, esp. pleasing music. dulcify oerb _ To ease the anger or agitation of. duf l adiectioe 1. Lacking_responsivenessor alertness: sensesgroun dull with fatigue; a dull stu.por. 2. Having only a limited ability to learn and understand. 3. Unwilling or unable to perceive. 4. In low spirits. 5. Characterized by reduced economic activity. 6. Not physically sharp or keen: a dull blnile. 7. Lacking liveliness, charm, or sulprise i a cCIrnpetent but dull perfonrwnce by a oeteran actor.

8. Arousing no interest or curiosity. 9. Lacking vividness in color: a dull broun. 10. Lacking gloss and luster: a dull finish on the chest. 11. Lacking passionand emotion. dull oerb 1. To make or become less shaqp-edged:Mixse will dull the scissors. 2. To make dim or indistinct. 3. To make or become less keen or responsive: afraid that teleoision might dull the nyinds of oieueri. 4. To render less sensitive. duf fard rwun A mentally dull person: had to tell the dullnrd fmr times to close the daor.

duffness noun 1. The state or quality of being insipid. 2. Adeficiency in mental and pf,ysicil r"rs and activity. . "l"rt dumb adiectirse l. La9\!ng the power or faculty of speech: A disease in childhood left her daaf an^dilurnb. 2. Tem-porarily unable oi unwilling to speak, as from shock or fear. 3. Infonnal. Lacking in intelligence.

dumbbell noun Slang.A mentally dull person. dumbfound uurb dumbfounded adiectioe dumbness twun The avoidanceof speech. dumfound alsodumbfound oerb To overwhelmwith surprise,wonder, or bewilderment. dumfounded alsodumbiounded adiectitse Overcomewith intensefeeling,as of amazement, horror, or dismay. dump oerb f . Tg let go or get rid of asbeing no longer of use, value,etc. 2. To get rid of completelyby selling,esp.in quantity or at discount.

MELODIOUS.

PACIFY.

1. Syns; benumbed, insensible, insensitive, numb, unresponsive, wooden. 2. eecKwARo adiectioe. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11.

sr,rND adiectioe. onpnnssno. sr,ow ad,iectioe. Syn: blunt. Syns: colorless, drabr, dry, earthbound (aho earth-bound ), flat, lackluster, lifeless, lusterless, matterof-fact, spiritless, pedestrian, prosaic, unimaginative, uninspired. nonrNc. Syns; dim, drabr, flat, muddy, murky (a/so mirky). Syns; flat, lackluster, lusterless, mat (aho matte). wsrNsrrrvE.

1. Syns; blnnt, twn. -Idi,om take the edge off. 2. osscvnn oerb. 3. Syns; dim, hebetate, stupefy. 4. onanrN. Syns;blockhead (Slang), dimwit (Slnng), dolt, dumbbell (Slnng), dunce, numskull (a/so numbskull ), thickhead. 1. rNsrprorry. 2. r-nrsency. 1. Syns; aphonic, inarticulate, mute, speechless,voiceless. 2. sppncnr.rss. 3. srupm. DULLARD.

snpdumfound. snr dumfounded. SILENCE NAUN. STAGGER. SHOCKED.

1. orsceno. 2. snr-r,orp at sell.

dumping 3. To unburdenoneselfof by pouringout (one's troubles). dumping rwun The act of getting rid of somethinguselessor usedup. dumps nuu,n lnfonnnl. A feeling or spell of dismallylow spirits. dumpy ad;iecth;e Short,heavy,and solidly built. dunce noun A mentally dull person. dunk oerb To plungebriefly in or into a liquid. duo n(run Two personsunited, asby marriage. dupabfe adiectioe Easilyimposedon or tricked. dupe rwrrn A personwho is easilydeceivedor victimized: became the d,u,peof a cl.eoerswindler.

dupe aerb To cause to accept what is false, esp. by trickery or misrepresentation. adiectioe dupfe Composed of two parts or things. adiectioe duplex Composed of two parts or things.

3. ullr-oeo.

DISPOSAL. GLOOM. STOCKY. DULLARD.

orc oerb. PAIR, EASY.

Syns: butf, chumpr (Slang), tool, gudgeon (Slnng), gull, mark, monkey (Slnng), m:ug(Brit.), patsy (Slnng), pigeon (Slang), pushover (Informal), sapl (Slang), sucker (Slang), tool, victim. -ldionw easy mark, fall guy. DECEIVE.

DouBLE adiecth:e. DouBLE adiectiae.

duplicate rwun DOUBLE NOUN, One exactlyresemblinganother. duplicate oerb t. copv aerb. l. To makea copy of. 2. oour,rn Derb. 2. To make or becometwice as great. dupficate adiectiae DouBLE adiectiae. Composedof two parts or things. dupf icitous adiectioe UNDERHAND. Marked by treacheryor deceit. duplicity rwun DECEIT, The act or practice of deceiving. duration rwun 1. coNrrmuATroN. 1. Uninterruptedexistenceor succession. 2. rtrn. 2. The period during which someoneor something exists. 3. rnnu noun. 3. A limited or specificperiod of time during which somethinghappens,lasts,or extends. duress rwun FORCE NOUN, Powerusedto overcomeresistance. dusk rwun EVENING. The period betweenafternoonand nighttime. duskiness rwun DAF.K NOUN. Absenceor deficiencyof light. adiectuse dusky 1. oenx adiectiae. 1. Deficientin brightness. oenx adiectirse. 2. or black. brown toward tending a complexion 2. Of 3. slecxrsH. 3. Somewhatblack. dust oerb l. spnrnxr.sDerb. 1. To scatteror releasein dropsor smallparticles. 2. nus:r^aerb. 2. Slang.To move swiftlY. dust otf oerb Slang.To take the life of (a personor persons)unlawfully. uunorn trarb.

303 dusting noun A severe defeat. dust off oerb dusty adiectioe _ Consisting of small particles. Dutch n."n Informal._A condition or situation characterized by d?-rggt, distress,or annoyance. dutiful adiectiae Marked by courteous submissionor respect. . duty noun l. An act or course of action that is demanded of one. as by position, custom, law, or religion: It is the duty of the physician to heal the sick. 2. A piece of work that has been assigned. 3. The condition of being put to use: o cleanserfor heaay kitchen duty. 4. A compulsory contribution, usu. of money, that is required of persons or groups of persons for the support of a government. "adiectiae" dwarf Extremely small. dwell aerb 1. To have as an inherent basis. 2, To have as one's domicile. usu. for an extended period. dwell on (or upon) oerb To turn over in the mind, moodily and at length. dwelling noun A building or shelter where one lives.

dysphoria TROUNCING.

spn dust. pINEl.

TROUBLE IIOUN,

DEFERENTIAL.

l. Syns; charge, commitment, committal, imperative, must, need, obligation, responsibility. 2. resx noun. 3. Syns: application, employment, service, use, utilization. 4. rex naun.

TINY,

CONSIST. LIvsl.

BROOD. HOME,

dwell or (or upon) oerb dwindle aerb

srn dwell.

- To grow or cause to grow gradually less. dye noun Something that imparts color. dye oerb l. To impart color to. 2, To immerse in a coloring solution. dyestuff rwun Something that imparts color. dynamic also dynamical adiectioe l. Disposed to action. 2. Possessing, exerting, or displaying energy. 3. Full of or displapng force. ^ dynamite aerb To cause the complete ruin or wreckage of. dynamize oerb To arouse to action. dynamo noun I"fgr"ql.An intenselv energetic, enthusiasticperson, . dysphoria noun A feeling or spell of dismally low spirits.

oncnpesnoarb. col-oR noun.

coron aerb. orc .^erb. col-oR noun.

1 .VIGOROUS. 2 . ENERCETIC. 3 . FORCEFUL. DESTROY. ACTIVATE. EAGER BEAVER. GLOOM.

eager adiectioe Intenselydesirousor interested:executixeseagerfor profits; eagerfootball fans.

eager beaver noun Informal. An intenselyenergetic,enthusiasticperson: eagerbeaoersushocouldn't toait to get started. gaf noun The senseby which soundis perceived. earf ier adoerb 1. At a time in the past: had heard that rumar earlier. 2. Up to this time: straightenedout what had earlier beena mess. 3. Until then You'll hearfrom me on Monday and not earlier. earliest adiecthse Precedingall othersin time. earfy adiectiae 1. At or nearthe start of a period,development,or series:early stagesof cancer. 2. Of, existing,or occurringin a distantperiod: Early mnn discooered fire. 3. Developing,occurring,or appearingbefore the expectedlime: an early death;an early robin. early adoerb Before the expectedtime: Sheaniaed early.

earmark oerb To set asidefor a specifiedpupose. eafn oerb 1. To receive,aswages,for one'slabor: eamed$20,000 a vear. 2. To acquireas a result of one'sbehavioror effort: He has earnedour respectthrough his braoery. 3. To makeasincomeor profit. earnest adiectirse 1. Markedby sobersinceritY. 2. Full of or markedby dignity and seriousness. earnest noun 1. Sobersincerity. 2. Somethinggiven to guaranteethe repaymentof a loan or the fulfillment of an obligaUon. eafnestness noun Sobersincerity.

Syns; agog, anxious, appetent, ardent, athirst, avid, bursting, impatient, keenl, raring (Informal), solicitous, thirsting, thirsty. -Idionw champing at the bit, ready and willing. Syns: dynamo (lnformal), energumen, gogetter (lnfomal), hustler, live wire (Slang). HEARING.

1. Syns; aforetime (Archaic), already, before, beforetime (Rare), erstwhile (Archaic), formerly, heretofore, once. 2. Syns: heretofore, yet. 3. Syns; before, beforehand.

FrRSTadiectit:e. 1. Syns; beginning, first, initial. 2. Syns: ancient, antediluvian (a/so antediluvial ), primitive, primordial. 3. Syns; precocious, premature, untimely.

Syns; aforehand (Chiefly Re$onal), ahead, beforehand, betimes. -ldioms ahead of time, in advance, with time to sPare. APPRoPRIATS aerb.

1. Syns; drag down (Slang), draw down, gain, get, make, pull down, win. -ldionx earn (or make ) a living, earn one's keep, make one's way. 2. Syns: deserve, gain, get, merit, ratel (Informnl), win. 3. nrrunw uerb. 1. srnrous. 2. cnavnz. 1. snnrousxrss. 2. pawNl rwun.

SERIOUSNESS.

305 earnings noun Pa)rmentfor work done. earshOt noun Range of audibility. earth noun The celestial body where humans live: The spacecraft orbited the earth. earthbound alsoearth-bound adiectioe l. Pertaining to or characterisUcof the earth or of human life on earth. 2. Lacking liveliness,charm, or surprise. earthen adiectioe 1. Consisting of or resembling soil. 2. Pertaining to or characteristic of the earth or of human life on earth.

wAcE \s) noun. HEARING.

Syn: world.

l.

EARTHLY.

2 . ovw

adiectioe.

EARTHY. EARTHLY.

earthiness noun A preoccupation with the body and satisfaction of its desires. earthlike adiectioe Consisting of or resembling soil.

earthquake noun A shaking of the earth. earthly adiectiae 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the earth or of human life on earth: totally occupied u:ith earthly pursuits. 2. Capable of being anticipated, considered, or imagined: There is rw earthly reason for u to go.

earthy ad;iecti.ae 1. Consisting of or resembling soil: the earthy srnell of the woods after a rain. 2. Lacking in delicacy or refinement. 3. Pertaining to or characteristic of the earth or of human life on earth. gaSg rraun 1. Freedom from constraint, embarrassment, or awkwardness: the ease of her approach to a stranger. 2. Freedom from labor, responsibility, or strain. 3. The ability to perform without apparent effort: translated the docu:ntentusith ease. 4. Steady good fortune or financial security. 5. Freedom, esp. from pain. ease aerb 1. To reduce in tension, pressure, or rigidity: The pull of the cunent eased as the tide tumed. I eased of on the anchor line. 2. To make less severe or more bearable. 3. To make less difficult: Use short cuts to ease and, speed your uork. 4. To maneuver gently and slowly into place: eose a pie into the ooen. 5. To advance carefully and gradually. ease off aerb 1. To become less active or intense. 2. To moderate or change a position or course of action as a result of pressure.

ffit,

;1,0"""0(atso earth-bound),

earthen, earthy, mundane, secular, tellurian, telluric, temporal, terrene, terrestrial, worldly. 2. Syns: conceivable, imaginable, Iikely, mortal, possible, thinkable. -Idiams humanly possible, within the bounds (or realm or range) of possibility. 1. Syns; earthen, earthlike, terrene, terrestrial. 2. coensB. 3. eARrHLy.

1. Syns; easiness,informality, nafuralness, poise, spontaneity, unrestraint. 2. nnst' noun. 3. Syns; easiness,effortlessness,facileness, facility, readiness. 4. pnospnnrry. 5. nrr-rnr. 1. Syns; lax, let up, loose, loosen, relax, slack, slacken, untighten. 2. nnr,rnvn. 3. Syns; expedite, facilitate. -Idionrc clear (or prepare) the way for, grease the wheels, open the door for (or to). 4. Syns: glide, slide, slip. 5. nocn oerb. 1. sussDn. 2. wnexrN.

306

easeful easeful adiectiae Affording pleasurableease. easiness noun or 1. Freedomfrom constraint,embarrassment, awkwardness. 2. The ability to perform without apparenteffort. ease off oerb easy adiecthse 1. Posingno difficulty: an eo'sAsolutionto the problem.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Requiring little effort or exertion. Affording pleasurable ease. Unconstrained by rigid standards. Not strict or severe. Easily imposed on or tricked: an eo.sutarget for snsindlers.

7. Sexually promiscugus. 8. Marked by facility, esp. of expression. 9. Enjoying steady good fortune or financial security. 10. Pleasant and friendly. 1I. Not steep or abrupt. ad;iectioe easygoing 1. Unconstrained by rigid standards: an easygoing person uho nerserworried.

2. Pleasant and friendly. adiectirse easy-osey also e?s!'osie Scot. Unconstrained by rigid standards. adiectirse easy-osie

COMFORTABLE.

1. Eesnrwun. 2. nesn noun. sEEease. 1. Syns: effortless, facile, ready, royal, simple, smooth, snap (Informal). -Idiorns easy as ABC, easy as falling off a log, easy as one-two-three, easy as pie, like taking candy from a babY, nothing to it. 2. rtcsr2. 3. couronrABlE. 4. sesvcorl.Ic. 5. ror-rneur. 6. Syns; dupable, exploitable, gullible, naive (also naive, naif, naf ), susceptible. 7. w.c.NToNadiectioe. 8. suoorn adiectioe. 9. pnospnnous. 10. elvrIasr,r. 11. cnanuer-. 1. Syns; casual, common (Chiefl.y Regional), easy, easy-osey(a/so easyosie) (Sco/.), informal, Iaid-back (Slang), relaxed. 2. eunrr-n. EASYGOING.

sEEeasy-osey.

easy street alsoEasYStreet rwun Slnng. Steady good fortune or financial security. eat 6erb 1. To take (food) into the body as nourishment: ate a hearty dinner.

w (stang),consurne,devour, ;. t;;" discuss(Rare), fare (Rare), grub (Slnng), ingest, meal, partake (oQ. -ldionn break bread, have (or take) a bite, take nourishment. 2. r,trn oerb.

2. To consume gradually, as by chemical reaction, friction, etc. 3. coxsuun. 3. To do away with completely and destructively. eat uP wrb 1. coNsuun. 1. To eat completely or entirelY. 2. Slnng.To like or enjoy enthusiastically, often excessively. 2. eoonn. 3. Syns; devour, feast (on), relish. 3. Slang. To be avidly interested in: She iwt eats up -Idiorn eat up with a greasy sPoon. gossrp. 4. coNsuMs. destructively. and 4. to do away with completely 5. nxgeusr. 5. To use all of. adiectioe eatabfe Fit to be eaten.

EDTBLEadiecthse.

eats nuun Slnng.Somethingfit to be eaten. eat up aerb eavesdrop oerb To observeor listen in secretto obtain information. ebb aerb 1, To grow or causeto grow graduallyless.

FOOD. SEE EAt.

spv oerb. 1. orcnnesn oerb.

347

economrze

2. To become less active or intense. 3. To move back or away from a point, limit, or mark. ebb rroun The act or process of becoming less active or intense. ebb adiectiae Brit. Regional. Measuring little from bottom to top or surface. noun ebbing A marked loss of strength or effectiveness. ebon adiectioe Poetic. Of the darkest achromatic visual value. ebony adiectioe Of the darkest achromatic visual value. ebuf f ient adiectitse Full of joyful, unrestrained high spirits, rmun ecbole Rhet. An instance of digessing. eccentric adiecthse Deviating from the customary: an eccentric person; eccentric habits.

eccentric rwun An insanely foolish or strange person.

2. sussron, 3. necnnn. WANE nOUn. sHALLow

adiectiae.

FAILURE. BLACK. BLACK. EXUBERANT. DIGRESSION.

Syns: bizarre, curious, erratic, freakist, idiosyncratic, odd, oddball (Informal), peculiar, quaintr, queer, quirky,rum (a/so rummy) (Brit. Slnng), singular, strange, unusual, weird. CRACKPOT.

eccentricity. noun Peculiar behavior: Lioing as a recluse is iust one of his eccentricities.

Syns: idiosyncrasy, peculiarity, quirk, singularity.

eccfesiastic noun A person ordained for service in a Christian church. eccfesiastical adiectioe Of or relating to a church or to an established religion. adiectiae echinate Full of sharp, needlelike protuberances. echo rmun 1. Repetition of sound via reflection from a surface: heard an echo of the cry acyossthe canyon. 2. Imitative reproduction, as of the style of another: paintings that were echoes of the lmpressionists. 3. One who mindlessly imitates another: He is but an echo of the king's usishes. echo aerb 1. To send back the sound ofz The canqon echoed her

ua.

2. To copy (another) slavishly: corporate minions nsho merely echoed the style of the presid.ent; a composition that echoes Brahms. echoic adiectioe Imitating sounds: The word "cuckoo" is echoic of the bird's call. echoism nou,n The formation of words in imitation of sounds: ?he word, "buzz" is an exatnple of echoi,vn. ecf ipse oerb To make dim or indistinct. economical adiectioe Careful in the use of material resources:an ecornmical shopper. eCOnOmize aerb To use without wasting: econornizeon gas by making feu:er trips.

PREACHER. SPIRITUAI,. THORNY.

1. Syns; rebound, repercussion, resounding, reverberation. 2. Syns: reflection, repetition, reflex. 3. Syns; imitator, mimic, parrot.

1 . Syns: rebound, re-echo, reflect, repeat, resound. reverberate.

2. Syns: image, imitate, mimic, parrot, reflect, repeat.

Syns; imitative, onomatopo eic (also onomatopoetic). Syns; onomatopo eia (ako onomatopodsis). onscunn aerb. Syns: canny, chary, forehanded, frugal, provident, prudent, saving, Scotch, sparing, stewardly, thrifty, wary. Syns: Hooverize, save, spare. -ldiorn keep within compass.

economy eCOnOmy rnun Careful useof materialresources:One mtnt practice econmn7when buying food. eGstasy rwun A stateof elatedbliss. ecumenical adiectioe So pervasiveand all-inclusiveas to exist in or affect the whole world. edacious adiectiae 1. Wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonablyconsume. 2. Having an insatiableappetitefor an activity or Pursuit. edacity noun The quality or condition of being voracious. eddy oerb To move or causeto move like a rapid rotary current of liquid. edge rwun 1. The cutting part of a sharpinstrument:the edgeof a sword. 2. A cutting quality: His rsobehad an edgeto it. 3. A fairly narrow line or spaceforming a boundary. 4. A transitional interval beyond which somenew action or different state of affairsis likely to begin or occur. 5. A dominatingposition,asin a confict. edge oerb 1. To grvea sharpedgeto. 2. To put or form a border on. 3. To advancecarefully and gadually: edgedmy uay ncrossthe crowd,edrosrn. edge in perb To introducegadually and slyly. edge in oerb edging noun A fairly narrow line or spaceforming a boundary. edgy adiectioe Feelingor exhibitingnervoustension:The pilots toere edgy before the mission.

adiectitse edibfe Fit to be eaten: edible fare. noun edible(s) Something fit to be eaten. rroun edict 1. A public statement. 2. A principle govermng the affairs of man within or among political units. 3. An authoritative or official decision, esp. one made by a court. rwun edification The condition of being informed spiritually. rrrun edifice A usu. permanent construction, as a house, store, etc. rserb edify To enable (one) to understand, esp. in a spiritual sense,

frugality, Syns;forehandedness, providence,prudence,thrift, thriftiness. HEAVEN.

uNrvERsALadiectioe.

l. cnnnov. 2. vonecrous.

VORACITY. SWIRL.

1.

-ldiorn

cutting edge.

2. Syns; bite, incisiveness, keenness, sharpness,sting. -Idiarr 3. eonnrn noun. 4. vnncr noun.

cutting edge.

5. ervarvrLGE rmun. l. srrenppr.l. 2. sonor,a oerb. 3. Syns; ease, sidle.

INSINUATE.

sEEedge. BORDER NOUN.

Syns: fidgety, jittery Qnformal), j,r-py, goosey (a/so goosy) (Informal), nervous, nervy (Chiefly Brit.), restive, restless, skittish, tense, twitchy, uneasy, up tight (a/so uptight) (Slang). -ldiorns a bundle of nerves, all wound up, on edge, on the ragged edge. Syns: comestible, eatable, esculent. FOOD.

1. INNoUNCEMENT.

2. rnw twun. 3. nur-rNcnoun.

ILLUMINATION.

BUILDING.

ILLUMINATE.

309

effective

edifying adiectiue 1. Serving to educate or inform. l. eoucerroNAr,. 2. Promoting culture. 2. cur-runer-. educable adiectiae Capable of being educated: retard,ed yet educable chi.ldren. Syns; instructible, teachable. educand noun One who is being educated. STUDENT. educate oerb 1. To impart knowledge and skill to educate our l. Syns; discipline, teach, train, children. tutor. 2. To cause to know about or be aware of. 2. rNronu. educated adiectioe l. Having an education: an educated person. 1. Syns,' enlightened, informed, instructed, lettered, literate. 2. Provided with information: made aware. 2. rNronnano. rnun education 1. The act, process, or art of imparting knowledge and 1. Syns; instruction, pedagogics, skll: great adoances in public education. pedagogr, schooling, teaching, training, tuition, tutelage, futoring. 2. Known facts, ideas, and skill that have been 2. Syns: erudition, instruction, imparted: receioed a good education; a man of knowledge, learning, scholarship, education. science. educational adiectioe Serving to educate or inform: educational TV shouss. Syns: edifying, educative, informative, instructional, educationist rwun Chief.y Brit. One who educates. EDUCATOR. educative ad,iectioe Serving to educate. EDUCATIONAL. educator noun One who educates: high-school and college educators. Syns; educationist (Chiefly Bdt.), instructor, pedagogist, pedagogue, teacher. perb educe 1. To arrive at through reasoning. l. nnnrvn. 2. To call forth or bring out (something latent, hidden, 2. nvoxr. or unexpressed). eerie also €€l! ad;iecti.ae Of a mysteriously strange and usu. frightening nature. \MEIRD. eery adiectioe snr eerie. etfacement rwun The act of erasing or the condition of being erased. ERASURE. twun effect 1. Something brought about by a causez The efect of 1. Syns; aftermath, consequence, good adrsertising was increased sales. corollary, event, fruit, harvest, issue, outcome, precipitate, result, resultant, sequel, sequence, sequent, upshot. -Idiorn end product. 2. The power or capacity to produce a desired result: 2. Syns: effectiveness, efficacy, ef;Rciency, Our adobe had rn effect on them. influence, potency. 3. The condition of being in ftrll force or operation: 3. Syns: actualization, being, The law goes into efect tonwnoto. effect oerb l. To be the cause of. cevsn aerb. 2. To carry to a successful conclusion: effected Syns: bring off, carry out, carry reunification of the country. through, effectuate, execute, put through, swing (Slang). -Idiorn bring 3. To compel observanceof. effective idiectiae l. Producing or able to produce a desired effect: an efectioe reprimnnd; an antitorin efectiae against makebite.

3 . :'J"lTJr t.

issue'

Syns: effectual, efficacious, efficient, productive, virtuous (Rare).

310

effectiveness 2. Acting effectivelywith minimal waste. 3. Full of or displaFngforce. 4. In efiect: The lnw is effectiaeim:nwdiately. effectiveness ngun 1. The power or capacityto produce a desiredresult. 2. The quality of being efficient. effects rmun efects are l. One'sportable property: The deceased's here. 2. Thosearticlesthat belongto someone. effectual adiectitse Producingor able to produce a desiredeffect. effectuate oerb 1. To carry to a successfulconclusion. 2. To be the causeof. effectuation noun The act of beginning and carrying through to completion. effeminacy noun The quality of being effeminate:a nutn who proiected an air of effeminacy. effeminate adiectiae Having qualitiesmore appropriateto women than to men: He had a high, effeminnteooixe. etfeminate oerb To make effeminate:a pensertedschoolnwsterusho corruptedand efemhated his charges. effeminateness rwun The quality of being effeminate. effeminize oerb To make effeminate. effervesce oerb To form or causeto form foam. effervescent adiectioe FulI of joyful, unrestrainedhigh spirits. efficacious adiectioe Producingor able to produce a desiredeffect. efficacy rwun 1. The power or capacityto produce a desiredresult. 2. The quality of being efficient. efficiency rwun 1. The quality of being efficient: testedthe fuel eficiency of the en$ne. 2. The power or capacityto produce a desiredresult. efficient adiecthse 1. Acting effectivelywith minimal waste:an effrcient motor;an eficient secretary. 2. Producingor able to produce a desiredeffect. to or of usein 3. Showingcharacteristicsadvantageous business. effloresce oerb To bear flowers. efflorescence rwun A condition or time of vigor and freshness. etfort nutrn 1. The useof energr to do something:This iob isn't worth the effort. 2. A difficult or tediousundertaking. 3. An earnesttry: Pleasemakean effort to be prompt. 4. Somethingcompletedsuccessfully.

2. rrrrcmNr. 3. roncrrul. 4. Syn: operative. 1. rrrucr rroun. 2. npprcrnxcv. t. Syns: belongings, chattels, goods, lares and penates, movables (also things. moveables) (Lau;), possessions, 2. snr-oNcrNcs. EFFECTIVE.

l. nrrncr oerb. 2. cwsr. oerb. PERFORMANCE.

Syns: effeminateness, femininity, muliebrity, womanishness. Syns; epicene, feminine, sissified, swish (Slnng), unmanly, womairish. Syns: effeminize, feminize.

EFFEMINACY.

EFFEMTNATu oerb. rotv, oerb. EKUBERANT. EFFECTIVE.

l. nprecr noun. 2. nrrrcrrxcv. L. Syns: effectiveness, efficacy, performance, productivity. 2. nnrncr noun. 1. Syns; effective, high-performance, productive, profi cient. 2. nrrncrrvn. 3. sustNsssLIKE.

sroo\a Derb. BLOOMnnun. 1. Syns: endeavor, exertion, pains, strainr, striving, struggle, trouble, while. -Idiurn elbow grease. 2. resx naun. 3. Syns; attempt, endeavor, essay,trial. 4. eccoupLrsHMENT.

311 effortful adiectirse l. Imposinga severetest of bodily or spiritual strength. 2. Not natural or spontaneous. effortfess adiectine 1. Posingno difficulty. -2. Marked by facility, esp.of expression. effortlessnes! rwun The ability to perform without apparenteffort. etfrontery' *in l. The stateor quality of being impudent. 2. Excessiveand arrogantself-confidence. effufgent adiectioe Giving off or refecting light readily or in large amounts. etfuse oerb To cause(a liquid) to fow in a steadystream. egg on aerb To sUrto action or feeling. egO rwun 1. An individual'sawarenessof what constituteshis or her essentialnature and distinguishes him or her from all others. 2. A senseof one'sown dignity or worth. 3. A regardingof oneselfwith undue favor. egocentric adiecth;e 1. Concernedwith the personrather than with society: an egocentricphilosophyaduocatingthe oirtue of selfr,shness. 2. Concernedonly with oneself. egocentric rroun A conceited,self-centeredperson. egocentricity rwun Concernonly for oneself. egoGentrism noun Concernonly for oneself. egOfsm rwun 1. Concernonly for oneself: His egoisrnpricluded any thoughtfor the feelingsof others. 2. Ln exaggeratedbelief in one'sown importance. 3. A regardingof oneselfwith undue favor. egOist noun person. A conceited,self-centered egoistic alsoegoistical idiectioe l. Concernedwith the personrather than with society. 2. Concernedonly with oneself. egOmaniaG noun A conceited,self-centeredperson. egomaniacal adiectioe Concernedonly with oneself. egotism rwun l. An exaggerated belief in one'sown importance:a personcorwumedby egoti,vn. 2. A regardingof oneselfwith undue favor: His incessantboastingis eoid,errce of egoti,sm. egotist nuun A conceited,self-centeredperson:an egoti"stuho constantly aggrandizedhis abilities.

egotist BURDENSOME. FORCED.

l. nesy. 2, suootr

adiectioe.

E.ASE TWUN.

1. rupuonNcn. 2. pnnsulrpnolr. BRIGHT.

POUR. PROVOKE.

2. pnnn noun. 3. ncorrsu. l. Syns: egoistic (also egoistical), individualist, individualistic. 2. ncorrsrrcer-.

;. t;t, egocentricity, egocentrism, selfabsorpUon, self-centeredness, selfishness. 2. ncousu. 3. ncorrsu. EGOTIST.

1. Bcocnxrntc adiectirse. 2. ncorrsrIcer-.

bigheadedness (Informnl ), egoism, selfimportance, swelled head (Informal). 2. Syns: amour-propre, conceit, ego, egoism, ego trip (Slnng), narcissism (a/so narcism), pride, vainglory, vainness, vanity. Syns; egocentric, egoist, egomaniac, narcissist. -Idioms no modest violet, the big It, the only pebble on the beach.

3r2

egotistical egotistical or egotistic adiecthse 1. Thinking too highly of oneself:an egotisticalperson who thought he was neDeru/rong. 2. Concernedonly with oneself.:an egotistical exeattioeabsorbeduith his oum adnancement'

1. Syns: conceited, narcissistic, stuck-up (Inf ormal), swellheaded (lnformal ), vainglorious. 2. Syns: egocentric, egoistic (a/so egoistical ), egomaniacal, self-absorbed, self-centered, selfish, self-seeking, selfserving. -Idiom all wrapped up in oneself.

ego trip rwun Slnng.A regardingof oneselfwith undue favor. egregious adiectioe Conspicuouslybad or offensive. egfess rwrn DEPARTURE. The act of leaving. eidolon nf,run GHOST NUI,N, A supernaturalbeing. ejaculate rrcrb To speaksuddenlyor shalply,as from surpriseor emotion. ejaculation noun A sudden,sharputterance. eject oerb ;. trrt"*.' l. To put out by force: eiecta tenantfrorn an a*, (Stang),bounce (Slnng),bump, chuckr (lnfonrul), aparfirwnt. dismiss,evict, expel,kick out (Slang), oust,throw out. -Idimts $ve someonehis walking papers,grve the old heave-ho,sendpacking,show someonethe door, throw out on one's 2. To send forth (confined matter) violently. 3. To catapult oneself from a disabled urcraft: The pilot eiected at 20,AN feet.

2. enupr. 3. Syns; bail out, jump.

The act of eiectingor the stateof being ejected: eiectionfrom the aparhnent.

Syns; dismissal, ejectment, eviction, expulsion, ouster. -Idiarns the boot, the bounce, the chuck.

ejection rwun

ejectmenl rwun The act of ejectingor the stateof being ejected. elaborate adiectine 1. Complexlydetailed:an elnboratebas relief. 2. Difficult to understanddue to intricacy. efaborate oerb 1. To expressat geater length or in greaterdetail: said he was leaoing and,refusedto elaborate.Will yw, elaborateyour point? 2. To disclosebit by bit: gradnnlly elaboratedthe tru.e nature of the plnn, 6fan rn)un A lively, emphatic,eagerquallty or manner. elapse oerb To move toward a termination. elastic adiectiae l. Capable of withstanding stresswithout tniury. 2. Easilv dtered or influenced. efasticity rwun l. The quality or stateof being flexible. 2. The ability to recoverquickly from depressionor discouragement. efate oerb To raise the qpirits of Winning the gold mednl elnted the team.

EJECTTON.

1. Syns; complicated, fancy, intricate. 2. coupr-nx adiectioe. 1, $yns; amplify, develop, dilate (on), enlarge (on), expand (on), expatiate (on), labor. 2. Syns: develop, evolve. -Idim\s fiIl in the details, go into detail. SPIRIT.

co oerb. 1. rr-nxrnr.r. 2. rl.rxrnr-r. 1. rr.rxrsrr-rrY. 2. nnsrr-rcNcr. Syns; animate, buoy (up), elevate, exalt, exhilarate, fush, inspire, inspirit, lifq "pm.

313 elate adiectiae Feeling great delight and joy. elated adiectiae Feeling great delight and joy: The com.rnnndersuere elated by the oictory.

elatedness rrnun Highspirits. elation nou,n l. High spirits: felt great elation, at winningthe regatta. 2. Psychiatry. M exaggerated feeling of well-being and pleasure: mood swings ranging from. elation to depression. twun ef bowroom Ease of movement. elder noun 1. A person who is older than another. 2. An elderly person. 3. One who stands above another in rank. elder adiectioe Of greater age than another.

elemental

elevated,exalted,exhilarated, tT ";",", flushed, inspired,overjoyed,turned-on (Slang),uplifted. ELATION.

l. Syns; animation, elatedness, euphoria, exaltation, exhilaration, inspiration, lift, uplift. 2. Syns: euphoria (Psychiatry), exaltation, intoxication.

FREEDOM.

1. snNron naun. 2. spNron naun. 3. supnnror noun. sENroRadiectioe.

elderliness noun Old ase. AGEnaun, elderly- adiectiae Far along in life or time. OLD. efect oerb l. To selectby vote for an office: elect a rww president. 1. Syns; ballot, vote (in). 2. To make a choicefrom a number of alternatives. 2. cnoosr. elect nutn One that is selected:Only the electcanbelnngto that Syns; choice, pick, select. club. efect adiectioe Singledout in preference. sELEcr adiectioe. efection naun The act of choosing. cHorcE twun, efective adiectine Not compulsoryor automatic. OPTIONAL. efector twun One who votes: The electotshaoecast their ballnts. Syns;balloter, voter. electrifying adiectioe Causingmomentaryshock. eteemos"ynary ad,iectir>e Of or concernedwith charitv. BENEVOLENT. elegance nou,n Refined,effortlessbeauty of manner,form, and style: Syns; grace, polish, urbanity. He rnticed her unafected elegonte. efegant adiectioe l. Of suchtastefulbeauty as to elicit admiration:an 1. Syns: exquisite, graceful. elegantguin; an elegant u)offvtrn. 2. Appealingto refined taste. 2. oer.rcern. efement noun 1. A fundamental,irreducible constituentof a whole: l. Syns; basic, essential, fundamental, sadied the elenwntsof mnic. rudiment. -kli$n part and parcel. 2. One of the individual entitiescontribuUngto a 2. Syns: component, constifuent, factor, whole: the grarrtrnaticalelernentsof a smterrce; ingedient, integrant, part. -Idiom arnbition as a key el,ernentto sttccess. building block. 3. An individually consideredportion of a whole: 3. Syns; article, detail, item, particular, dissectedthe arg,ment eleitent bg element. point. efemental ad;iectit:e 1. Of or being an irreducible element:elemental 1. Syns,' basic, elementary, essential,

314

elementary aspects of existeru:esuch as birth and death. 2. Of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual. adiectioe elementary f . Of or treating the simplest aspects: an elementary math text. 2. Of or being an irreducible element.

efephantine Zdiectir:e sizeandpower. f . Of extraordinary 2. Unwieldy, esp. due to excessweight. 3. Lacking fluency or gracefulness. ef evate oerb 1. To move (something)to a higher position: The nurse eleaated the patient's bed. Cranes eleaated the crates onto the ship. 2. To increase markedly in level or intensity, esp. of sound: The musician eleoated the instntment's oolume. 3. To raise in rank. 4. To raise to a high position or status. 5. To cause to be eminent or recognized. 6. To raise the spirits of. adjectit:e elevated l. Being positioned above a given level: an eleaated train. 2. Extending to a great height. 3. Being on a high intellectual or moral level: eleuated opinions on hu.man rights. 4. Raised to or occupFng a high position or rank. 5. Abnormally increased,esp. in intensity: an eleaated feaer. 6. Feeling great delight and joy. 7. Exceedingly dignified in form, tone, or style: eleaated prose. 8. Very broad and noble in character, scope, or grasp. noun efevation 1. The distance of something from a given level: the elersationof the Land aboae sea leael. 2. A progression upward in rank. 3. The act of raising to a high position or status or the condition of being so raised. elicit aerb To call forth or bring out (something latent, hidden, or unexpressed).

fundamental, primitive, ultimate, underlying. 2. coNsururloNAr, adiectiae.

1.. Syns; basal, basic, beginning, rudimental, rudimentary. 2. rr,Eurxrar-. 1. cnxr adiectixe. 2. nraw adiectioe. 3. poNnnnous. 1. Syns; boost, hoist, lift, pick up, raise, take up, uphold, uplift, upraise. 2. Syns: amplify, heighten, raise.

3. 4. 5. 6.

pnouorn. r>c.rrr. rrslrNcuISn. nr,+rE xerb.

1 . Syns: lifted, raised, uplifted, upraised, uprisen.

2 . TALL, 3 . Syns: high-minded, moral, noble. 4. nxq.r.rno. 5. Syns; heightened, high, raised. 6. rlerEo. 7. Syns: eloquent, exalted, grand, high, high-flown, lofty. 8. cnexo. 1.. Syns; altitude, height. 2. eoveNcEMENT.

3. nxrr-rerroN.

eligibility noun The quality or state of being eligible. adiectiae eligibfe 1. Satisfyingthe requirements, as for selection: eligible aarsity players; ellglble aoters. 2. Deemed suitable for marriage: an eligible bachelor.

QUALIFICATION.

1. Syns; fit, fitted, qualified, suitable, worthy. 2. Syns: marriable (Archuic), marriageable.

eligibleness noun The quality or state of being eligible. adiectiae ef iminant Of, relating to, or tending to eliminate. ef iminate oerb 1. To get rid of, esp. by banishment or execttion: The dictator has eliminated all opposition. 2. To take or leave out. 3. Physiol. To discharge (wastesor foreign substances)

QUALIFICATION.

ELIMINATIVE.

L. Syns; eradicate, liquidate, remove, purge, wipe out. -Idioms do awaY with, put an end to. 2. oaop aerb. 3. Syns; evacuate, excrete, purge (Med.).

315

elude

from the body: The kidneys function to eliminate bodily usastes. 4. To keep from being admitted, included, or considered. noun elimination l. The act or process of eliminating: eliminntion of aII opposing ooices. 2. Physiol. The act or process of discharging bodily wastes or foreign substances:The liaer aids in the elimirntion of alcohol frrxn the system. 3. The act of getting rid of something uselessor used up. eliminative adiectioe Of, relating to, or tending to eliminate: the elimirwtiae organs of the body; drugs ,seroingeliminotixe .functions. eliminatory adiectiae Of, relating to, or tending to eliminate. rruun efite also 6lite 1. That which is superlative. 2. People of the highest social level. efitist also 6litist adiectiae Characteristic of or resembling a snob. elitist also 6litist noun One who despisespeople or things he regards as inferior, esp. becauseof social or intellectual pretension. elixir noun An agent used to restore health.

4. excr,urn.

1. Syns; clearance, eradication, liquidation, prrge, removal, riddance. 2. Syns: evacuation, excretion, purgation.

3. orsposer,.

Syns; cathartic, eliminant, eliminatory, evacuant, evacuative, excretory, purgative. ELIMINATIVE.

1. snsr noun. 2. socrprv. SNOBBISH.

SNOB.

CURE NOUN,

elocution noun The art of public speaking. adiectiae efocutionary Of or relating to the art of public speaking. oerb elongate To make or become longer. efongate adiectiae Having great physical length. ef ongated adiectirse Having great physical length. noun efongation The act of making something longer or the condition of being made longer. efoquence noun Vivid, effective, or persuasivecommunication in speech or artistic performance: gaDethe oration u;ith eloquence.

efoquent adiectiae 1. Fluentlypersuasive and rebuttal

an eloquent

2. Effectively conveying meaning, feeling, or mood. 3. Exceedingly dignified in form, tone, or style.

eloquentnes5norrn Vivid, effective, or persuasivecommunication in speech or artistic performance. elucidate xerb To make clear or clearer. ef ucidation noun Something that servesto explain or clarify. ef ucidative adiectiae Servingto explain. ef ude aerlt 1. To keep away from. 2. To get away from (a pursuer).

ORATORY. ORATORICAL. LENGTHEN.

r-oNcradiectir;e. r,oNcr adiectire, ExrENSroN.

Syns: eloquentness,expression, expressiveness, expressivity, facundity.

1 . Syns: articulate, facund, fluent, silvertongued, smooth-spoken.

2 . EXPRESSIVE. 3 . ELEVATED. ELOQUENCE.

CLARIFY. EXPLANATION.

EXPLANATORY.

1. evoro. 2. losn.

316

elusion 3. To fail to be fixed bv the mind. memory. or senses.

3. rscapr uerb.

efusion noun Rare. The act, an instance, or a means of avoiding. adiectioe elusive Characterized by or exhibiting evasion. adiectioe emaciated Physically haggard. oerb emanate To have as a source. aerb emancipate To set at liberty. adiectioe emancipated At liberty; not imprisoned or enslaved. noun emancipation The state of not being in confinement or servitude. embark t:erb To go about the initial step in doing (something). embarrass aerb l. To cause (a person) to be self-consciouslydistressed: Personal questions embarrass me.

2. To make complex, intricate, or perplexing. adiecti.^e embarrassed Distressed and ill at ease: I am embarrassed brJ *rJ child's misbehaaior. adiectitse embarrassing Causing self-consciousdistress:asked embanassing questions about the dioorce.

ESCAPE

NOUN.

EVASIVE.

\,VASTED.

srnv' terb. rnns cerb. rnnn adiectixe. LIBERT\"

srtnr aerb. L. Syns: abash, chagrin, confound, confuse, discomfort, disconcert, discountenance,faze, mortify, put out, rattle (Informal). -Idionw put on the spot, put to the blush. 2. corvlpr-rctlg xerb. Syns: abashed,chagrined, confounded, disconcerted, mortified, put-out, rattled Qnformal). Syns: awkward, incommodious, mortifying.

embarrassment noun 1. Self-consciousdistress:a face red uith embanasynent ; financial embanassnwnt. 2. A condition of going or being beyond what is needed, desired, or appropriate. embed also imbed oerb To implant so deeply as to make change nearly impossible. oerb embellish 1. To furnish with decorations. 2. To endow with beauty and elegance by way of a notable addition. noun embellishment Something that adorns.

l. Syns; abashment,chagrin, confusion, discomfifure, discomposure, disconcertion,disconcertment. 2. Excnss rroltn.

rtx oerb.

l. eoonN. 2. cn,+cnaerb.

ADORNMENT.

embitter oerb To make or become bitter: Their hard life has embittered them. adiectir:e embittered Bitingly hostile. noun emblem An object associated with and serving to identify something else. adiectiae embfematic also emblematical Serving as a symbol. noun embodiment A physical entity typifying an abstraction: a soldier usho uas the aery embodiment o.f courage. oerb embody 1. To represent (an abstraction) in or as if in bodily

Syns; bitter, sotrr.

RESENTFUL.

SYN{BOL

NOUN.

SYMBOLIC.

Syns: incarnation, personification, prosopopeia (ulso prosopopoeia) (Rhet. ), substantiation. L. Syns: exteriorize,externalize,

317 form: The general embodies the spirit of reaolution and freedun. 2. To make a part of a united whole: a iudicial system embodying much of Rcnnan lau;. 3. To serve as the image of. 4. To have as an integral part. embolden aerb To impart courage, inspiration, and resolution to. embrace aerb 1. To put one's arms around affectionately: She embraced her husband. 2. To have as an integral part. 3. To take, as another's idea, and make one's own. 4. To receive (something given or offered) willingly and gladly. embrace noun The act of embracing: held his toife in a tight embrace. embracement noun A ready taking up of something.

6migr6 incarnate, manifest, materialize, objectify, personalize,personrfy, substantiate. 2. Syns: combine, incorporate, integrate. 3. nnpnrsexr. 4. coxrerx.

1. Syns: bosom (Archaic), clasp, clinch (Slang), clipz (Brit. Regional), enfold (also infold ), hold, hug, press, squeeze. 2. cowrarN. 3. ,loopl. 4. eccBpr.

Syns: clasp, clinch (Slnng), hug, squeeze.

embracing noun A ready taking up of something.

ADOPTION.

embrangle oerb To draw in in sucha way that extricationis difficult. embroil aerb To draw in in sucha way that extricationis difficult. embroilment noun The condition of being entangledor implicated. embrue oerb embrued adiectioe embryo noun A sourceof further growth and development. emend oerb l. To makeright what is wrong. 2. To preparea new versionof. emendate aerb To preparea new versionof. emendation noun The act or processof revising. emendatory adiectiae Tendingto correct. emerge aerb l. To begrnto appearor develop. 2. To comeinto view. emergenCy noun ,,\ highly volatile, dangeroussituationrequiring immediate remedial action. emergency adiectioe Used or held in reserve. emigrant noun One who emigrates: an island full of Southeast Asian emigrants.

I\IVOLVE.

IlwoLvE.

ENTANGLEMENT.

srn imbrue. spnimbrued. GERM.

1.. connncr oarb. 2. nrvrsn. REVISE. REVISION.

coRRECTrvnruliectiae. otwN aerb. APPEAR, CRISIS.

AUxTLTARYodiectirc. Syns: immigrant,

migrant, transmigrant.

emigrate oerb To leave one's native land and to settle in another: fn 1908 he emigrated to America from ltaly. emigration twun Departure from one's native land to settle in another: n steady emigration of Sor;ietlews to Israel. . emlgfe noun l. One fbrced to emigrate, usu. for political reasons:paris u:as the neu home for many White Russian entigres.

Syns: immigrate, migrate, transrnigrate.

Syns: exodus, irnmigration, migration, transmigration. l. Syns; exile, expatriate, expellee.

318

eminence 2.. A person coming from another country. emlnenCe noun 1. A position of exalted, widely recognized importance: a rvtn of eminence in medicine.

2 . FOREIGNER.

2, An important, infuential person. 3. A natural land elevation. noun eminency 1. Something at which a person excels. 2. Obs. A position of exalted, widely recognized importance. adiectioe eminent Widely known and esteemed: an eminent statesman and scholar.

2 . DIGNITARY. 3 . }j[LL nOUn.

adaerb eminently To a high degree. emit oerb 1. To discharge material, as vapor or fumes, usu. suddenly and violently: a ge7seremitting steom. 2. To pass or pour out into. 3. To send out heat, light, or energy. emolument noun Payrnent for work done. emote aerb To make an emotional display. noun emotion A complex and usu. strong subjective response,as love, hate, etc.: a person of emotion, not reason. emotionable adiectiae Readily stirred by emotion.

1. Syns; distinction, erninency (Obs.), glory, illustriousness,luster, mark, notability, note, pre-eminence (also preeminence, pretiminence), prestige, prominence (olso proniinency ), renown.

l. r'onrs. 2. rl,tNsNcr.

Syns: celebrated, distinguished,famed, famous, great, illustrious, lustrous, notable, noted, pre-eminent (also preeminent, pretiminent ), prestigious,prominent, redoubtable, renowned. vnnv adaerb. L. Syns: give, give forth, give off, give out, issue,let off, let out, release,send forth. throw off. vent. 2. orscsencn xerb. 3. snro. wece(s) noun. EMOTIONALIZE,

Syns: affectionl, affectivity, feeling, sentiment. EMOTIONAL.

emotional adiectiae 1. Readily stirred by emotion: an emotiorurl person who uied a lot. 2. Relating to, arising from, or appealing to the emotions: an emotiorwl appeal for help.

1. Syns; emotionable, feeling, sensitive, sentient. 2. Syns: affective, emotive, moving.

emotionalize oerb To make an emotional display: a mother emntionrilizing ooer her sick child.

Syns: emote, gush.

emotionless adiectirse 1. Not affected by or showing emotion. 2. Lacking all friendliness and warmth. adiectiae emotive Relating to, arising from, or appealing to the emotions, adiectir:e empathetic Cognizant of and comprehending the needs, feelings, problems, and views of others. aerb empathize l. To associateor affiliate oneself closely with a person or group. 2. To understand or be sensitiveto another's feelings or ideas.

1 . coro adjectiae. 2 . coro adiectir:e. EMoTIoNAL.

UNDERSTANDING.

1. ronNurv. 2. svnrperruzB.

empathy noun A very close relationship between persons,esp. one resulting in mutual understanding or affection.

SYMPATHY,

319 noun emphasis Special weight placed upon something considered important: a strong emphasis on foreign languages. empnaSlZe oerb To accord emphasis to: a school emphosizi.ngacademic discipline.

adiectiae emphatic 1. Expressed or performed with emphasis: My anawer is an emphatic "No"! 2. Bold and definite in character: an emphatic gesture of disapproual. adrserb emphatically In a direct, positive manner. noun emplacement The place where a person or thing is located. aerb employ l. To obtain the use or services of: employed a new secretary. 2. To put into action or use. employ noun l. Archaic. Activity pursued as a livelihood. 2. The state of being employed. adiectioe employable 1. Available for use. 2.ln a condition to be used. noun employe also employ6 adiecti,ae employed 1. Having a job: statistics on employed uomen. 2. Involved in activity or work. noun employee also employe, employ6 One who is employed by anotheti a company of 100 employees. noun employer One that employs persons for wages: The employer must uithhold Social Security taxes.

emptiness Syns; accent, accentuation, stress.

Syns: accent, accentuate, feature, italicize, play up (Informal), point up, stress,underline, underscore. -Idiorns bear down hard on (or upon), lay stress on (or upon). 1. Syns; accented, accentuated, forceful, resounding, underlined, underscored. 2. Syns: assertive,forceful, insistent.

POSITION NOUN.

1. Syns; engage,hire, retain, take on. -Idiorn put on the payroll. 2. vsn aerb. 1,.susrNnss. 2. nupr,ovMENT. l. opnu adiectiae. 2. usenr-n. sEEemployee. l. Syns; hired, jobholding, working. 2. eusv ad;iectiae. Syns: hireling, jobholder, worker.

Syn.'hirer.

employment noun 1. The act of employing for wages: irwestigated the cornpanA's methods of ernployment. 2. The act of putting into play. 3. The condition of being put to use. 4. A specific use. 5. The state of being employed: No person in our employment u:ill betray trade seuets. 6. Activity pursued as a livelihood. empoison oerb Archaic. To have a destructive effect on.

1. Syns; engagement, engaging, hire, hiring. 2. exEncrsgnoun. 3. ourv. 4. appr-rcerroN. 5. Syns: employ, hire. 6. susrNess. porsoN oerb.

emporium noun A retail establishment where merchandise is sold. empOwer oerb l. To give the means, ability, or opportunity to do. 2. To give authority to. emprise also €mprizG noun An exciting, often hazardous undertaking.

emprize oerb emptiness rwun 1. Total absence of matter: The emptiness of the city in early moming is depressing. 2. Total lack of ideas, meaning, or substance:the emptiness of political rhetoric.

1. rNnel-r. 2. autronrzr. ADVENTURX

IIOUN.

sEEempnse. 1. Syns,' vacancy, vacuity, vacuum. 2. Syns: barrenness,blankness, hollowness, vacancy, vacuity.

320

empty 3. A desolatesenseof loss:He felt only mrytirwssafter shc bft him. 4. Empty, unfilled space. empty adieaioe l. Containing nothing: an enpty anpboard;an em.pty apa.ttnwnt. 2. Lacking value, use,or zubstance:an emptg life.

3. Syns:blankness,desolation, hollowness,vacuum,void. 4. NornrNcNESS.

1. Syns;bare, clear, devoid (of), stark, vacant,vacuous,void. 2. Syns:hollow, idle, nugatory, vacant, vain.

3. Lacking intelligent thouglrtor content. 4. Lacking a desirableelement:utriting em.ptyof insight; a personem.ptyof feeling. empty wrb 1. To removethe contentsof: emptbd,the cellnr of comhstiblc materials. 2. To passor pour out into. empty-lieaded- a.diectioe l. Lacking intelligent thought or content. 2. Given to lightheartedsilliness. emulate oerb To take as a model. emulative adiecthse Copytttganotherin an inferior or obsequiousway. emufous adiectiw 1. Given to competition. 2. Full of ambition. enable perb 1. To give the means,ability, or opportunity to do: Modem medicitle has ernblcd u to prolong life. 2. To give authority to. enaGt oerb l. To catrseto be by official action: lnus erncted by Congress. 2. To put in force by legal authority. 3. To play the part of. 4. To produceon the stage. enactmenl noun The formal product of a legislativeor judicial body. enamOfed adiectioe Affected with intenseromanticattraction. enceinte adiectioe Carryinga developingfetus within the uterus. enchant oerb 1. To act upon with or as if with magc. 2. To pleasegreatly or irresistibly. 3. To give great or keen pleasureto. enchanting a.diectiae l. Giving great pleasureor delight. 2. Pleasingto the eye or mind. enchantment nrntrn The power or quality of attracting.

3 . VACANT. 4. Syns: barren

(of), destitute (of), devoid (of), innocent (of), void (of), wanting. -Idiorn in want of.

1. Syns: clean out, clear, evacuate, vacate, void. 2. orscnencn oerb. 1. vecervr. 2. crnov adiectioe. FOLLOv/. IMITATI!'E. 1. coupBrITIvE.

2. errasrrrous. 1. Syns; empower, permit. 2. aurnonlzr. L. Syns: constitute, make. 2. rsra-nr-rsH. 3. l.cr aerb. 4. srtcr' aerb. LA\v. INFATUATED. PREGNANT.

1. cnenu 2. cnenv 3, nnrtc;,i.lr oerb.

1. nnr-rcnrrur-. 2. errnecrrvs. ATIRACTION.

enchantress rrrun l. A woman who practices magic. 2. A usu. unscrupulous woman who seducesor exploits men.

1. wlrcn noun' 2. srnucrnrss.

encircle oerb To shut in on all sides. oerb enclose l. To confine within a limited areat corwicts enclnsed uithin prison unlls; m.ttl.e errclosed in feedlnts.

(in), l|T,n"J".*, coop(inorup),rence hem (in or about or around), immure, mew (up), mure (Rare), pen2, shut in, wall (in tr rp).

32r 2. To shut in on all sides. 3. To surround and advance upon. enclOsure rwu,n An area partially or entirely enclosed by walls or buildings. enGOmpaSS oerb 1. To have as an integral part. 2. To shut in on all sides. enGOUnter oerb l. To come up against: They ennountered ernrrrrons obstacles in the peace tallcs. 2. To meet face-to-face, esp. defiantly. 3. To come together face-to-face by arrangement. 4. To enter into conflict with. encounter rmun l. A face-to-face, usu. hostile meeting. 2. A briel hostile exposure to or contact with something, as danger, opposiUon, etc. enGOurage oerb l. To impart strength and confidence to: The doctor's reput has encouraged me. 2. To impart courage, inspiration, and resolution to: encouraged the students to try harder. 3. To help bring about. 4. To lend supportive approval to: The gooemment encouraged the peace initiathse. enGOuragement nou,n l. Something that encourages: The prospect of a borus is encouragement to produce a good product. 2. A tendency to cause or bring on. encouraging adiectiae Inspiring confidence or hope: Increased trade with Chirw is an ennouraging sign. enGumber oerb l. To place a burden or heavy load on. 2, To interfere with the progress of. end twun 1. A demarcation point or boundary beyond which something does not extend or occur: Buffalo lies at the ea*tem end of Lake Eri.e. I am at the end of mA patiente. 2. A concluding or terminating: the end of the fighting.

3. The last part: the end of the performnnce.

4. The hindmost part of something. 5. What one intends to do or achieve. 6. Residual matter: broken candle ends. end oerb To bring or come to a nafural or proper end. endanger oerb To subject_to danger or destruction: Drunken d,rit:ing endangers lioes.

endangerment noun Exposure to possible harm, loss, or injury. en0eaVOf oerh To make an attempt to do or make.

endeavor 2. sunnouxp. 3. cr.osn w at closel. couRT noun.

l. cowrerN oerb. 2. sunnouNo. 1. Syns.'confront, face, meetr, run into. 2. corvrnorvr. 3. *llr;nrr oerb. 4. Bxcecn. 1. coNrnoNTATroN. 2. snusH rmun.

1. Syns; buck up (Informal), cheer (up), enhearten, hearten, nerve, perk2. 2. Syns: animate, cheer (on), embolden, inspirit, inspire, motivate, stimulate. 3. pnouorr. 4. Syns: countenance, favor, smile on (or upon). 1. Syns; inspiration, motivation, stimulation. 2. rxvrrerrou. Syns: cheering, heartening, hopeful, likely, promising, roseate, rose-colored, rosy. l, clg.l.l.caoerb. 2. nrvorn. l. Syns; bound(s), confine(s), limit, limitation.

2. Syns: cease, cessation, closer, closing, closure, completion, conclusion, consummation, ending finish, period, stop, termination, terminus, wind-up (lnformal), wrap-up. -Idionts end of the line, stopping point. 3. Syns; closel, conclusion, ending, finale, finish, lastl, termination, wind-up (Informal), wrap-up. 4. rarr, twu,n. 5. rvrnvrror*. 6. Syns,'buttf fragment, scrapr, shard, remnant. ct-osnr oerb. Syns: danger (Arclwic), imperil, jeopard, jeopardize, jeopardy, menace, peril, risk. DANGER |WUN,

r-rrnlapt r oerb.

322

ended endeavor nuu.n 1. An effort to do or make something. 2. T\e use of energy to do something. 3. An earnest try. odieckoe ended Having reached completion. a.diectioe endemic 1. Existing, born, or produced naturally in a land or region. 2. Belonging to one because of the place or circumstances of one's birth. noun ending 1. A concluding or terminating. 2. The last part. a.diectiae endless 1. Having no ends or limits: an end,Iessstretch of sand'y beath ; endless patierwe. 2. Enduring for all tirne: etdless trutlx.

3. Existing or occurring without interruption or end.

endlessness rwrln

The quality or stateof havingno end: the endlesmess of human sufering.

endmost a"diectioe Btitg"g up the rear. endorse aerb l. To establishas true or genuine. 2. To affix one'ssignatureto. endow oerb To presentwith a quality, trait, or power. endowed adiectioe Having talent. endue aerb To presentwith a quality, trait, or power. endurable o"diectioe Capableof being tolerated. endurance rnun 1. The quality or power of withstandinghardshipor stressrlncked the end,urancerwededfor long-distanr:e rurning. 2. Uninterruptedexistenceor succession. endure oerb l. To carry on through despitehardships:end'uringan Arctic usinter. 2. To put up with: couldn't endmesuch fuwolence.

3. To withstand stress or difficulty. 4. To remain in existence or in a certain state for an indefinitely long time: storw buildings thnt endute for centurbs. ad,iectiw enduring Existing or remaining in the same state for an indefinitely long time. rwun enemy One who is hostjle to or opposes the purposes or

1 .ATTEMPT 2 . EFFORT. 3 . EFFORT.

TWUN.

coMPLETEadiectiae. 1. runrcrNous. 2. uerrvr adiectiae.

1. Bnrorwun. 2. nvo nDun. 1. Syns: boundless, immeasurable, infi nite, Iimitless, measureless, unbounded, unlimited. 2. Syns: amaranthine, ceaseless,eternal, eterne (Archaic), everlasting, immortal, never-ending, perpetual, unending, world-without-end. 3. coNnr.ruAl. Syns: eternality, eternalness, eternity, everlastingness,foreverness, perpetuity, world-without-end. Lesrr adiectitse. 1. pnovr. 2. stcN oerb. ctrr aerb. GIFTED.

crct oerb. BEARABLE.

l. Syn: stamina. -ldiorn

staying power.

2. cor.rrrNUATIoN. L. Syns: sweat out, tough out. 2. Syns: abide, accept, bear, brook2,Bo, lump2 (lnformal), stand (for), stomach, su-ffer,support, sustain, swallow, take, tolerate. -Idionw take it, take it lying down. 3. seAR up at bear. 4. Syns: abide, continue, go on, hold out, last2, persist.

Syns: foe, opponent.

engagement

323 interests of another: lost his iob becarce he made erwmies of his colleagues. adiectioe energetic 1. Possessing,exerting, or displayingenergr an e#;:etio worker; an erwrgetic attempt to uin the

2. Disposed to action.

1. Syns; active,dynamic(aho dynamical), forceful, kinetic, lively, peppy (Infornwl), sprightly,strenuous, vigorous. 2. uconous.

energize oerb To arouse to action.

ACTIVATE.

energizing ad;iectiae

Producingor stimulatingphysical,mental,or emotional vgor. enefgUmen rloun An intenselyenergetic,enthusiasticPerson. energy nau,n Capacrtyor power for work or vigorousacUvity:lV'e all-lnckedthe energyto do the dishes.He ran about with furiow energA. enervate oerb To lessenor depletethe nerve,enerry, or strengthof: by the ui"si"s. enen:atedby the humidity; enensated enervated ail;iecthse Depleted of strengthor robusthealth. enfeable uerb To lessenor depletethe nerve,enerry, or strengthof. enfeebfed adiectirse robusthealth. Depleted of strength " or enfofd alsoinfold oerb 1. To put one'sarmsaroundaffectionately. 2. To cover completelyand closely,as with clothing or bandages. 3. To surroundand cover completelyso asto obscure. enforce oerb To compel observanceof: Policenrcnenforcethe lnw. engage oerb 1. To get and hold the attention of The striking billboard engagednutny passers-by. 2. To obtain the useor servicesof. 3. To causeto be busy or in use. 4. To makebusy. 5. To assumean obligation. 6. To come or bring togetherand interlock: The teeth of the two gear wheelsengagedsrrnothly. 7. To involve (someone)in an activity: engagedhim 8. To involve oneself in (an activity). 9. To enter into conflict with: Armored units adnarrced and. engaged the enenxy. 10. To claim in advance. adiectirse engaged 1. Pledged to marry: gaoe a partV for the engaged couple. 2. Involved in activitv or work. noun engagement l. The act or condition of being pledged to marry: anrnunced their engagement at a party.

ToNrc adiectine.

EAGER BEAVER.

Syns; animation, force, get-up-and-go (lnforrrnl), go (Infomwl), might, pep (lnfomnl), potenc/, puissance, sprightliness, steam, strength, vigor, vim, zip (lnformal). Syns; attenuate, debilitate, devitalize, enfeeble, sapz,undo, undermine, unnerve, weaken. RUN-DowNad,iectioeat run down. ENERVATE.

RUN-DowNad,iecthseat run down. 1. nunnecn oerb. 2. wnep up. 3. wnlp oerb. Syns: carry out, effect, execute, implement, invoke. -ldimt"s put into action, put in force, put (or set) in motion. l. Syns: involve, occupy. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

nvrpl..ox oerb. nr ue. n,usyoerb. prnocn oerb. Syns; intermesh, mesh.

7. Syns: draw in (or into), entangle. 8. panncrPATE. 9. Syns: encounter, meetr, take on Qnfomal). -Idiom do (or join) battle with. tO. r,oox aerb. 1. Syns: a.ffianced,betrothed, intended, plighted. 2. susv adiectine. 1. Syns; betrothal, betrothment, espousal, troth.

324

engagrng 2, A commitment to appear at a certain time and place: lwd seoeral engagementsfor the weekend. 3. A hostile encounter between opposing military forces. 4. The act of employing for wages. adiecti.^e engaging Pleasing to the eye or mind. engaging ltoun The act of employing for wages.

engender oerb 1. To be thecauseof. 2. To cause to come into existence. 3. To give rise to a particular development.

2. Syns: appointment, assignation, date (Informal), rendezvous, tryst. 3. cotnlser rwun. 4. nupr-ovMENT. ATTRACTIVE, EMPLOYMENT,

L, crsn aerb. 2. pnooucn. 3. csllrnern.

engineer oerb To make, achieve, or get through contrivance or guile.

engird wrb To encircle with or as if with a band. oerb engirdle To encircle with or as if with a band.

WANGLE. p'l.t,{Draerb. r,ANDr oerb.

englut oerb To swallow (food or drink) greedily or rapidly in large amounts.

curp xerb.

engorge oerb To swallow (food or drink) greedily or rapidly in large amounts.

cvrp aerb.

engOrgement noun The condition of being full to or beyond satisfaction.

SATIATION.

engrave wrb l. To cut (a design or inscription) into a hard surface, esp. for printing: engraoed a cryer plnte for making colling cards. 2. To produce a deep impression on: The scerw of the accid.ent wo"sengraned in his nwnory eoer after. engrOSS oerb l. To occupy the full attention of. 2. To make busy. 3. To form letters, characters, or words on a surface with an instnrment. adiecthse engrOsSed Having one's thoughts fully occupied. adiecthse engrossing Catching and holding the full attention.

1. Syns; etch, grave3,

2. Syns: etch, fix, gave3, impress, imprint, inscribe, stamp. l. essons. 2. r;vsv Derb. 3. wnrrn.

ABSORBED.

ABSORBING.

engfossment rwun Total occupation of the attention or of the mind.

ASSORPTION.

engulf oerb l. To fow overcompletely. aswith emotion. 2. To affectdeeplyor completely, enhance wrb l. To endow with beauty and elegance by way of a notable addition. 2. To look good on or with. 3. To increase or seek to increase the importance or reputation of by favorable pubticrty. 4. To increase in intensitv or severiW.

wooo aerb. OVERWHELM.

L. cnrcn aerb. FLATTEN. PROMOTE.

4.

INTENSITY.

enhancement rwun Something added to another for embellishment or completion.

ACCOMPANIMENT.

enhearten wrb To impart strength and confidence to.

ENCOURAGE.

enigma rwun Anything that arouses curiosity or perplexes because it is unexplained, inexplicable, or secret.

MYSTERY.

enmity

325 enjoin oerb 1. To give ordersto. 2. To refi.seto a]low. enioy oerb 1. To receivepleasurefrom: eniottgoodfood. of. 2. To be possessed 3. To have the use or benefit of.:Womendid rwt enioA the right to oote until early in this century. 4. To recognizethe worth, quality, importance,etc., of. 5. To regardwith great pleasureor approval. enjoyable adiectioe Affording enjoyment; The moDieprooedso enioyable that we saw it ttoice. enioymenl rnun l. The condition of respondingpleasurablyto something:A strddenheadncheput an end to her enioymentof the partq. 2. A feeling of extremegratificationarousedby somethinggood or desired. 3. Recognitionof worth, quality, importance,etc. enkindle uerb 1. To causeto burn or undergocombustion. 2. To axousethe emotionsof; make ardent. enfarge oerb 1. To make or becomegreateror larger. 2. To expressat greaterlength or in geater detail. enlargement noun l. The act of increasingor rising. 2. The act of increasingin dimensions,scope,or inclusiveness. 3. The amountby which somethingis increased. 4. The result or product of building up. enlighten oerb 1. To enable(one)to understand,esp.in a spiritual sense. 2. To causeto know about or be awareof. enlightened adiectioe l. Characterizedby discriminatingtaste and broad knowledgeas a result of developmentor education. 2. Having an education. 3. Providedwith information;made aware. enfightening adiectioe l. Promotingculture. 2. Servingto educateor inform. enfightenment rwun The condition of being informed spiritually. enlist oerb To becomea memberof. enf iven oerb 1. To make alive. 2. To make lively or animated. enfivening a.diecthse Servingto enliven. enmesli oerb 1. To gain control of or an advantageover by or as if by trapping. 2. To draw in in sucha way that extricationis difficult. enmeshment rrorm The condition of being entangledor implicated. enmity rwtm Deep-seatedhatred, asbetweenlongtime opponentsor rivals: felt biner enmity tm:ard the oryessor.

1. couuexo oerb. 2. ronnm. 1. Syns; dig(Slang), liker, relish, savor. 2. col;nrluto oerb. 3. Syns; have, hold, possess. 4. eppnncrern. 5. eprvnnn. Syns: gratifying, pleasant, pleasing, pleasurable. 1. Syns; delectation, pleasure.

2. onr-rcnt nou.n. 3. eppnrcrerrox. t. rtcsrr oerb. 2. rtnn oerb. l. rncnresn oerb. 2. nr.egonttn oerb. 1. rwcneesg nuun. 2. expexsror.I. 3. rucnBesg noun. 4. surlo-ur at build up. 1. rr-r,uurNerr. 2. nrronu. 1. cur,runpo. 2. noucarso. 3. nwonurn. 1. cur.runer.. 2. rouceuoNAl. ILLUMTNATION.

JOIN.

1. gurcxnN. 2. r,rclarr oerb. STIMULATING.

l. crrcs oerb. 2. rrwor,vn.

Syns: animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, hosUlity.

326

ennoble ennoble Derb l. To causeto be eminentor recognized. 2. To raiseto a high positionor status. ennui oerb To fatiguewith dullnessor tedium. ennui nuun The condition of being bored. enOrmity twun l. The quality of passingall moral bounds:the enonnity of the ffime of ntatricidz. 2. A monstrousoffenseor evil. 3. The quality or stateof being flagrant. enOrmous ad,iectioe 1. Of extraordinxy sizeand power. 2. Archaic. Disgracefullyand grosslyoffensive. enOfmOUSneSSrwnn The quality of being enormous:the erwrmoumessof the blue whale. enough adiectioe Beingwhat is neededwithout being in excess. enough rwun An adequatequantity: Cioe me ernugh to eat. enOUnce oerb To declareby way of a systematicstatement. enquire oerb enquirer noun enquiring adiectiae enqUlry rwu.n enrage oerb To causeto feel or show anger. enraged ad.iectitse l. Feelingor showinganger. 2. Full of or markedby extremeanger. enrapture oerb To move or excite greatly. enrich oerb To make fertile. enrichment nuun Somethingadded to anotherfor embellishmentor completion. enrOll oerb l. To becomea memberof. 2. To registerin or as if in a book. ensanguane oerb To cover with blood. ensanguined adiectioe Of or coveredwith blood. enSCOnCe oerb 1. To placesecurelyin a positionor condition. 2. To put or keep out of sight. ensemble a.daerb Frerch.In, into, or asa singlebody. enshroud tserb 1. To zurroundand cover completelyso as to obscure. from beingknown. 2..To prevent(something) enslgn twun Fabric usedesp.as a symbol. enslave oerb To make a slave of: The Romansoften erxl.aoedtheir conqueredenernies. enslavement rwrrn A stateof subjugationto an owner or master.

DISTINGUISH. EXALT.

sons oerb. BOREDOM.

1. Syns; atrociousness, atrocity, heinousness,monstrousness. 2. ournacg rloun. 3. r'r-ecnexcv. 1. crl.NT adiectioe. 2. ournecEous. immensity, magnitude, Syns;hugeness, vastness. tremendousness, SUFFICIENT.

Syns; adequacy, sufficiency, suficient. srtrn uerb. snr inquire. snr inquirer. snr inquiring. snn inquiry. elrcen uarb. l.

ANGRY.

2 . FURIOUS. CARRYAWAY at Cafry. FERTILIZE.

ACCOMPANIMENT.

JOrN. ttsrr aerb.

r;rooov oerb. BLooDY adiectiae. ESTABLISH. :p^ron\ aerb.

TocETHER adaerb. wnl.p xerb. covnn oerb.

rLecl nf,run. Syns; enthrall, subject, subjugate.

SLAVERY.

327 ensnafe oerb 1. To gain control of or an advantageover by or as if by trapping. 2. To draw in in sucha way that extricationis difficult. enSnafement rwun The condition of being entangledor implicated. ensnarl Derb 1. To twist togetherso that separationis difficult. 2. To draw in in sucha way that extricationis difficult. ensOrCel oerb To act upon with or as if with magic. ensue oerb To occur as a consequence. ensuing adiectioe Occurring right after another. ensure alsoinsure oerb To render certain. enswathe oerb To cover completelyand closely,as with clothing or bandages. entail oerb 1. To have as an accompaniment,condition,or consequence. 2. To have as a need or prerequisite. entangle oerb 1. To twist together so that separation is difficult: The cat batted and entangled the spool of thread. 2. To draw in in such a, way that extrication is difficult. 3. To make complex, intricate, or perplexing. 4. To gain control of or an advantage over by or as if by trapping. 5. To involve (someone) in an activity.

entertainment l . cl,rcla aerb.

2 . I}{VOLVE, ENTANCLEMENT. ENTANCLE. ITWOLVE.

clal^nv' oerb. FOLLOW. FoLLowrNG adfectioe. cuanaNren

oerb.

WRAP UP.

l. cennv. 2. onv,l.r,n oerb. 1. Syns: ensnarl, foul, tangle.

2. nwor-vr. 3. coupr,rcern. 4. ctrcn aerb. 5. rxcecs.

entanglement rwun 1. The condition of being entangled or implicated: ol.d romnntic entangLenwnts. 2. Something that is intricately and often bewilderingly complex. enter oerb l. To come or go into (a place): The bull entered the aretur. He opened the door and entered. The shi,p entered the harbar. 2. To become a member of. 3. To place on a list or in a record. To go about the initial step in doing (something). t. enlerpflse rraun 1. An exciting often hazardous undertaking. 2. A commercial organization. 3. The wish, power, and ability to begin and follow througlr with a plan or task. 4. An aggressivereadiness to undertake ta:e flighty Given to lighthearted silliness. oerb flimflam Slong.To get money or something else from by deceitful trickery. ffimflam rwu,n Slnng. An act of cheating. noun ff imflammer Slang. A person who cheats. adiectioe flimsy 1. Having little substance or significance; not solidly based. 2. Not plausible or believable. oerb ff inch To draw away involuntarily, usu. due to fear or disgust: ftnched at the sight of the camage. ffing noun l. An act of throwing. 2. A period of uncontrolled self-indulgence. 3. lnformal. A brief trial. fling aerb To send through the air with a motion of the hand or arm. ff ip oerb 1. To throw (a coin) in order to decide something. 2. To look through reading matter casually. ff ip adiecthse l. Informnl. Characterized by ready but often insincere or superficial discourse. 2. Informal. Rude and disrespectful. ffirt oerb 1. To make amorous advances without serious intentions: a girl who flirted uith all the boys. 2. To treat lightly or flippantJy: a stunt pilot who flirted with death. ffirt noun A woman who leads men on: Scarlen O'Hara-the epitome of- a flirt. fli*ation rcun 1. The practice of firting: Darcing and flirtation u)ere their chief amtnements. 2. A usu. brief romance entered into lightly or frivolously: It's rwt looe; it's iwt arwther flirtation. ff irtatious adiectiae Given to firting: a flirtatinw belle. flirty adiectioe Given to flirting. flit aerb l. To move quickly and intermittently in a nervous, excited way. 2. To move through the air with or as if with wings. 3. To move swiftly. ff itter oerb 1. To move quickly and intermittently in a nervous, excited way. 2. To move (wings, arms, etc.) up and down. 3. To move or cause to move about while being fixed at one edge.

BLINK flOUN. ESCAPE ftoun.

GIDDY. clcintr

oerb.

CHEAT TWUN. CHEAT IWUN.

l. rrNuous. 2. rMpr-eusrsr,n. Syns;blenchr,quail, recoil, shrink, shyr, squinch,start, wince. 1. rnnow rwun. 2. erNcn. 3. rnv rwun. rsnow oerb. l. ross. 2. snowsn. 1. cr,rs. 2. rupuopvr. 1. Syns; coquet,dally, toy, trifle. 2. Syns:dally (with), pl"y (with), toy (*ith), trifle (with). Syns: coquette,vamp. l. Syns; coquetry,dalliance. 2. Syn: dalliance. Syns:coquettish,coy, flirty. FLIRTATIOUS.

L. w-urrnn oerb. 2. rrv. 3. nusla oerb. l. rrvrtnn

aerb.

2. w-tp oerb. 3. rr,tp oerb.

float

388

ffoat wrb l. To move along with or be carried away by the action of water. 2._To pass quickly and lightly thto"gh the air. -_ ffock rruun l. An enormous number of persons gathered together. 2. A very large number of things grouped together. ffock oerb To congregate closely around or against. flog oerb To punish with blows or lashes. ffogging twun A punishment dealt with blows or lashes.

ffood

l . wrsu aerb.

2 . FLY. 1. cnowo ru)un. 2. cnown nattn. cnowo oerb. nnlr uerb. BEATING.

noun

l. An abundant, usu. overwhelming flow: a food follouitq the storm; a fnod of tears. 2. Something suggestive of running water. ffood aerb l. To flow over completely: The storm faoded our fusenwnt. Tearsf.ooded my face. 2. To affect as if by an outpouring of water: The White Hune ums fnoded uith anry telegrams. 3. To come or go in large numbers. floor aerb l. To cause to fall, as from a shot or blow. 2. To overwhelm with surprise, wonder, or bewilderment. ffoozey twun ffoozy dso floozey rwtrn Slnng. A vulgar, promiscuous woman who fouts propriety. ffop t:erb 1. To drop or sink heavily and noisily: He fopped into the chair with a groan. 2, To move (wings, arms, etc.) up and down. 3. To hang limply, loosely, and carelessly. 4. Informal. To be unsuccessful. 5. Slnng. To go to bed. flop rwun Infonrnl. One that fails completely. ffoppy adiectiae Lacking in stifiness or firmness.

l. Syns; alluvion, cataclysm, cataract, deluge, freshet, inundation, Niagara, overflow, spate, torrent. 2. rrow noun. l. Syns; deluge, drown, engulf, flush, inundate, overflow, submerge, whelm. 2. Syns: deluge, overwhelm, whelm. 3. poun. l . onop oerb.

2 . STAGGER. snn floozy. SLUT.

1. Syns:flump,plop, plump2,plunk. 2. rutp oerb. 3, srovcrr aerb. 4. r'err-. 5. nnrrnp. FAILURE.

uv.e adiectiae.

fforescence ruuun A condition or time of vigor and freshness.

BLOOM fWUn,

fforet nuun The showy reproducUve structure of a plant. florid adiectitse f . Of a healthy, reddish color. 2. Elaborately and heavily ornamented. flounce oerb' To walk with exaggerated or unnatural motions expressive of self-importance or self-display. ffounder rserb To move about in an indolent or clumsy manner.

flourish oerb l. To grow rapidly and luxuriantly: Most flowers fl^tith in full sunlight. 2. To fare well. 3. To be in one'sprimei an artist who flourishedin the lnte llth cmtury. 4. To wield boldly and dramatically: o dnnn maior flon Lthtnghisbaton.

BLOOM ftnun.

l. nuoov. 2. onxarn. STRUT.

WALLO\M.

l. Syns; bloom, blossom, thrive.

2. PROSPER. 3 . Syns: flower,

shine. -Idionx ct:r"a figure, make a splash. 4. Syns: brandish, sweep, wave.

389 flourishing adiecthse Improving, growing,or succeedingsteadily:a fuurishingbusiruss. flout oerb To refuseor fail to obey. flow oerb 1, To move freely as a liquid: bloodf"*i"S through the oeins. 2. To come forth or emit in abundance:Foodparcek for the tomado oictimsfnwed in. Tearsflnued. 3. To passor pour out into. 4. To have as a source. 5. To overfow with. 6. To proceedwith ease,esp.of expressionChurchill's resplend.entprosefl.owedon and.on. flow rwtrn Somethingsuggestiveof running water: a fnro of syrnpathy;a steadyflo* of compl"aints. flower noun l. The showyreproductivestructureof a plant. 2. A condition or time of vigor and freshness. 3. That which is superlative. 4. Peopleof the highestsociallevel. flower oerb 1. To bear flowers. 2. To be in one'sprime. ffowing adiectioe _ Marked by facility, esp.of expression. fluency rwun Readyskill in expression:achiet>ed flu"*rl in Russian. fluent' adiecti,oe 1. Fluently persuasiveand forceful. 2. Marked by facilig, esp.of expression. ffuff rvnn Inforrnal.A minor mistake. fluid adiectiae 1. Capableof or liable to change. 2. Changingeasily,as in expression. 3. Marked by facilrty, esp.of expression. ffuidity noun Readyskill in expression. ftuke rraun An unexpectedrandomevent. ffuky adlectirse Occurring ' " unexpectedly. flummox oerb L. Slnng.To be unsuccessful. 2. S_lang. To make incapableof finding somethingto think, do, or say. flump oerb To drop or sink heavily and noisily. ff unk oerb Infornwl. To receive lessthan a passinggrade. ffurry oerb To impair or destroy the composureof. flurry rwun l. A stateof discomposure. -. 2..Agitated,excitedmovementand activity. flush oerb 1. To make even, smooth,or level.

Syns; booming, coming (Infonrwl), healthy, prospering, prosperous, roaring, robust, thrifty, thriving. -Idiorn going strong. DISOBEY.

1. Syns; circulate, course, run, stream. 2. Syns: course, gush, pour, rush, stream, surge, welll. 3. orscuancn oerb. 4. yrnv' oerb. 5. rnrul. 6. Syns; glide, roll, sail.

Syns; current, drift, flood, flux, rush, spate, stream, tide. 1. 2. 3. 4.

slooM nuun. slooM noun. spsr naun. socrnry.

l. r;rooll oerb. 2. rr,ounrsH. sMoorH adiectiue. Syns; cursiveness, facility, fuidity. l. rr.ogunvr. 2. suoorn adiectioe. LAPSE |IO'UT, l. cneNceABLE. 2. Mosrr-n. 3. srraoorn ad;iectitse. FLUENCY. CHANCE frcnnx. AccTDENTAT adiecthse.

1. rerr.. 2. Norvpr-us.

pt op oerb. FAIL.

AGITATE.

l. ecrterron. 2. srml rroun, t. nvnNr oerb.

flushed 2. To raise the spirits of. 3. To flow over completely. 4. To become red in the face. ffush noun 1. A condition or time of vigor and freshness. 2. A fresh, rosy complexion. 3. A feeling of pervasive emotional warmth. ffush adiectioe 1. On the same olane or line. 2. Having no irregularities, roughness, or indentations. 3. Of a healthy, reddish color. 4. Possessinga large amount of money, land, or other material possessions. ffushed adiectioe l. Feeling great delight and joy. 2. Of a healthy, reddish color. fluster oerb To impair or destroy the composure of. ffuster Mrun A state of discomposure. ffutter oerb l. To move quickly and intermittently in a nervous, excited way: The children flunered around the birthday cake. 2. To move (wings, arms, etc.) up and down. 3. To move or cause to move about while being fixed at one edge. 4. To move through the air with or as if with wings. flutter nuun A state of discomposufe. ffux noun Something suggestive of running water. flux oerb To change from a solid to a liquid. ffy aerb l. To move through the air with or as if with wings: CuIIs few orser the beach. 2. To pass quickly and tightly through the air: Stonn cl.oudsfew past rc. 3. To move or cause to move about while being fixed at one edge. 4. To break loose and leave suddenly, as from confinement or from a difficult or threatening sifuation. 5. To move swfiy. 6. To react explosively or suddenly: fuu into a tounring roge. 7. Informal. To move swiftly on foot so that both feet leave the gound during each stride. 8. To leave hasUly. flying ad.iecth>e Accomplished in very little time. ntun foam A mass of bubbles in or on the surface of a liquid: Foam rose on the beer. foam oerb To form or cause to form foam: The beer foamed in the glass. foamy ad.ieaioe Consisting of or resembling foam: Whds chumed the sea intn a foamy sWaV.

390 2. nrtrn aerb. 3. ruooo aerb. 4. srvsn, Derb. l. slooM rwun. 2, nr,oou rwun. 3, cr,ow rwun. l. 2. 3. 4.

nveNl adiectioe. rvnNr adiectiae. nuooy. nrcH.

1. nr,erno. 2. nuoov. AGITATE. AGITATION.

1. Syns; flicker, flit, fitter, hover.

2. rurp oerb. 3. rt tp oerb. 4. rlv. AGITATION.

FLOW nmrn.

MELT.

l. Syns; flap, flit, flutter, sail, wing. 2. Syns: dart, float, sail, shoot, skim. 3. pl-l^poerb. 4. nsctpn aerb.

5. nuss aerb. 6. $yn: flare (up). 7. nuN aerb. 8. nvx oerb. QUICK.

Syns; frzz, froth, head, lather, spume, suds, yeast. Syns: bubble, crearn, efrewesce, fizz, froth, lather, spume. Syns; frothy, lathery, spumy, sudsy.

follow

391 fob perb To offer or put into circulation (an inferior or spurious item). focalize oerb To direct toward a commoncenter. focus rwun A point of origin from which ideas,influences,etc., emanate. focus oerb 1. To devote (oneselfor one'sefforts). 2. To direct toward a commoncenter. foe rwu,n One who is hostileto or opposesthe purposesor interestsof another. fog rruu,n l. A thick, heavy atmosphericcondition offering reducedvisibility due to the presenceof suspended particles. 2. A stunnedor bewilderedcondition. fog oerb To make dim or indistinct. foggy ad,iecth:e Not clearly perceivedor perceptible. noun fogy An old-fashioned person who is reluctant to change or innovate. nou,n foible A liking or personal preference for something. foif oerb To prevent from accomplishing a puq)ose. perb foist l. To offer or put into circulation (an inferior or spurious item): tried to foist danwged merchand,ise on his customers, 2. To force (another) to accept. a burden. 3. To introduce gradually and slyly. noun fofd A line made by the doubling of one part over another: the folds of a curtain. fold oerb 1. To bend together or crease so that one part lies over another: foliled the paper in thirds. 2. Informal. To undergo sudden financial failure. 3. lnfonnal. To be unable to hold up. 4. Inforrnal. To give way mentally and emotionally. 5. Infornnl. To give in from or as if from a gradual loss of strength. nou,n folklore A body of tradiUonal beliefs and notions accumulated about a particular subject. oerb fof low l. To move behind (another) in the same direction: Sha follaued me into the roorn. 2. To keep (another) under surveillance by moving along behind: The police followed the wspec-t home. 3. To take as a model: He tried to follou his father's high standards.

4. To act in conformity with: follou the rubs; uas iust following orders.

FOIST.

CONCENTRATE. CENTER |IOUN.

l. eppr,v. 2, coNcsN:IRATE. ENEMY.

1. xezB rrntn.

2. otzn nuun. osscunp oerb. UNCLEAR. SQUARE flozrfi.

WEAKNESS. FRUSTRATE.

1. Syns; fob (off), palm off, pass off.

2. naposs. 3. rNsrluere. Syns: crease, crinHe, pleat, plica, plication, ply, rimple, ruck2, wrinHel. 1. Syns; double, pleat, plicate, ruck2. 2. 3. 4. 5.

cor.r.epsn oerb. snND. snsAx DowN. succulrs.

LORE.

1. Syns; heelr, pursue, EaiI. -Idionw camp on the heel of, follow in the trail of, follow on the heel of. 2. Syns: bedog, birddog dog shadow, tarl Qnfonrnl), trail, track. 3, $yns; copy, emulate, model, pattern (on, upon, or after). -Idioms follow in the footsteps ol follow suit, follow the example of. 4. Syns: abide by, adhere (to), comply (with), conform (to), keep, mind, obey, observe.

follower 5. To occur after (another)in time: Tlrc reign of Eliznbeth II folloued C*orge VI's. 6. To occur as a consequence:If Von d,othat, it follm:s tlwt you will be caught. 7. To perceiveand recognizethe meaningof. follow on wrb To occur after (another)in time. follow through wrb To strengthenthe effect of (an action)by further action. follow up wrb To strengthenthe effect of (an action) by further - action: follound up the banage with an assoult. fof fower' runtn One who supportsand adheresto another:Lenin's folbuers. fof fowing a.diectioe Occurringriglrt after another: On the foUoufug day he quit. following noun l. A group of attendantsor followers. 2. T\e body of personswho admire a public personality,esp.an entertainer. follow on "iru wrb follow through foflow up wrb foffy ruoun Foolishbehavior. foment oerb To induce or elicit (a reactionor emotion). fomenter rwttn _ One who agitates,esp.politically. fond adiecfin Feeling and expressingafiection. -oerb fondle To touch or stroke affectionately. fondness rontn l. The conditionof being closelytied to anotherby affection or faith. - 2. -A liking or personalpreferencefor something. food rcui 1. Somethingfit to be eaten:dnliciow food.

2. That which sustainsthe mind or spirit: a passian that fwnd its food in msic. foodstuff noun Somethingfit to be eaten. foof twun 1. One deficientin judgmentand good sense:acted like a fool ooer her.

2. A person who is easily deceived or victimized. 3. A mentally deficient person: lwd the mentality of a

f*L

5. Syns; follow on, succeed, superve":n' -Idiorn follow on the heels of. 6. Syns; attend, ensue, result. 7. urornsraxo.

(on), through pursue.

ffi;;

Syns: adherent, cohort, disciple, henchman, partisan, satellite, supporter. Syns; coming, ensuing, next.

1. nprrNun. 2. puslrc nnun. srr follow. srn follow. sBBfollow.

AGITATOR. AFFECTIONATE,

cenrss t-rerb. l. arracrrMENT. 2. rasrB nou,n. l. Syns;bread, chow (Slnng), chuck2 (Regionnl), comestible, eats (Slong), edible(s), esculent, fare, foodstuff, grub (Slang), meat, nulture, peck2, provisions, sustenance. -Idiorns daily bread, meat and drink. 2. Syns: aliment, nourishment, nutriment,

PaP'sustenance' "ojjot*' 1. Syns; ass, dope (Informal), goose (Infonrwl), idiot, imbecile, jackass, jerk (Slang), mooncalf, nincompoop, ninny, nitwit (Infonrnl), numskull (a/so numbskull), schmo (a/so schmoe) (Slang), schmuck (Slang), simple, simpleton, tomfool, turkey (Slnng). 2. ovpn nuun. 3. Syns; ament, cretin, ganderl (Infornwl), half-wit, idiot, imbecile, moron, natural, simpleton.

foozler

393 fool oerb 1. To cause to accept what is false, esp. by trickery or misrepresentation. 2. Warnnl. To make jokes; behave playfully. 3. To move one's fingers or hands in a nervous or aimless fashion. 4. To handle something idly, ignorantly, or destructively. fool around aerb l. Informal. To waste time by engaging in aimless activitY. 2. Informal. To be sexually unfaithful to another. fool away oerb To spend (money) excessively and usu. foolishly. oerb fool around oerb fool away

1. oecrrvn. 2.1or,n oerb. 3. nonr.n. 4. reupnn.

1. urss ARouNDat mess. 2. pnrr,ervonn oerb. wtsrn oerb. sBn fool. spr fool.

foolery noun Foolish behavior. adiectiae foof hardy Characterized by unthinking boldness and haste. adiectioe foolish 1. So senselessas to be laughable: a foolish lnndspeculntion schqne.

2. Displaying a complete lack of forethought and good sense.

FOOLISHNESS.

nnsnl.

1. Syns; absurd, balmy (Sl""g), cock-eyed (Slnng), crazy, dippy (Slorrg), fantastic (a/so fantasUcal), feeble-minded, harebrained, idiotic, insane, jerky (Slang), loony (a/so luny) (Inforrnal), loopy (Informal), lunatic, mad, nonsensical, preposterous, sappy (Slnng), silly, softheaded, tomfool, unearthly, wacky (also whacky) (Slnng), zany. 2. vn*ror-rss.

foofishness rmun Foolish behavior: The utter foolishness of that marketing plan is ernbamassing. adiectioe foolproof Designed so as to be impervious to human error or misuse: a foolproof detonator. foot oerb 1. To go on foot. 2. To move rhythmically to music, using patterns of steps or gestures. 3. To combine (fig*es) to form a sum. foot noun The lowest or supporting part or structure. noun footfall The act or manner of going on foot.

Syns: absurdity, craziness, folly, foolery, idiocy, insanity, lunacy, preposterousness, senselessness, silliness, tomfoolery. Syn; fail-safe.

l. wtrx oerb. 2. oANcE,oerb. 3. eoo. BasEl fwun,

footing rwun 1. Anything on which something immaterial, such as an argument or charge, rests. 2, An established posiUon from which to operate or deal with others. 3. The lowest or supporting part or structure. 4. Positioning of one individual vis-d-vis others.

footstep rwun The act or manner of going on foot.

foozle noun A stupid,clumsymistake. foozler noun A stupid, clumsyperson.

l. sasrs. 2. nesrs. 3. sAsnl naurr. 4. pr,ecr rwun.

forage

394

forage oerb To makea thoroughsearchof. loray twun An act of invading,esp.by militaryforces. toray oerb To enter in order to attack, plunder, destroy, or conquer. forbear oerb To hold oneself back.

forbearance ruoun l. Forbearing or lenient treahnent. 2. The capacity of enduring hardship or inconvenience without complaint.

;::::^.." 2. perrnNcr.

forbearanl adiectioe Archab. Not strict or severe. forbearing adiecthse 1. Not strict or s,evere. 2. Enduring or capable of enduring hardship or inconvenience without complaint.

TOLERANT.

1. ror,rnexr. 2. perrpNr.

forbid oerb To refuseto allow: The law forbids tax eaasian.The gunrdforbode thernentry. foibiddance rwun A refusalto allow: protestedthot nation'sforbiddance of racial mingling. forbidden adiectirse Not allowed: Srnokingis fotbidden. forbidding adiectiw So disageeablyaustereas to discourageapproach:a forbidding lnok; forbkldlng castle walls. force naun 1. Power.usedto overcomeresistance:usedforce to obnin a confession. 2. Effective meansof influencing,compelling,or punishing. 3. The capacityto exert an infuence Theforce of the speaker'spersornlity mooedthe cvoud to an ooation. 4. Capacityor power for work or vigorousactivity. 5. A goup of people organizedfor a particular pu{pose:a work force; a policeforce. 6. The strongeffect exertedby one personor thing on another. force oerb 1. To cause(a personor thing) to act or move in spite of resistance:Tear gasforced the fugitir:esout of their hidingplrce. 2. To compel (another)to participatein or submit to a sexualact. 3. To compelby pressureor threats. forced adiectioe l. Done under force: roadsbuilt with forced lnbor. 2. Not naturd or spontaneous: Shegreetedus with a forud smilc. forc6ful adiectioe 1. Full of or displayingforce: a forceful speaker. 2. Bold and definite in character. 3. Possessingexerting or displayingenerry. 4. Expressedor performed with emphasis.

Syns: ban, disallow, enjoin, inhibit, interdict, outlaw, prohibit, proscribe. Syns; ban, disallowance, interdiction, prohibition, proscription, taboo (also tabu). Syns: banned, impermissible, prohibited, taboo (a/so tabu), verboten. Syns; inhospitable, unhospitable, uninviting. L. Syns: coercion, constraint, duress, pressure,strength, violence. 2. uuscr.n noun. 3. Syns; forcefulness,magnetism, power, vigor, vitality. 4. runncv. 5. Syns; body, corps, crew, detachment, team, unit. 6. rupecr rwun.

t. Syns: coerce, compel, constrain, make, oblige, pressure. 2. nepn. 3. corncr. l. Syns; coerced, compulsory, constrained. 2. Syns: effortful, labored, strained.

1. Syns; dynamic (a/so dynamical), effective, powerful, strong, vigorous. 2. nupnerrc. 3. rwBncrrrc. 4. rupnerrc.

forenoon

39 5 forcefully adaerb HARD adoerb, With intenseenergyand force. forcefulness nou,n FORCE fWUn. The capacityto exert an in-fuence. forcible adiectioe Syns; coercive, Accomplishedby force: forcible seizureof Am'erican violent. sailnrs. forcibly adrserb HARD a&serb. With intenseenergyand force. fore nyun FRONT NNUN. The part of an object, person,etc., facing the viewer' oerb forearm GIRD. To prepare (oneselflfor action. rrnun forebear ANCESTOR. A personfrom whom one is descended. forebode rcrb THREATEN. To give warning signsof (impendingperil). forecast oerb PREDICT. To tell about or makeknown (future events)in advance,esp.by meansof specialknowledgeor inference. forecast rruun PREDICTION. The act of predicting. foredestine oerb rli,rg oerb. To determinethe future of in advance. foredoom oerb rnrn oerb. To predestineto a tragic end. foredoom rmun FATE ftou,n. Rare.A predestinedtragic end. foredoomed adiectioe CONDEMNED. Sentencedto terrible, irrevocablepunishment.

strong-arm

(lnformal)'

forefather nnun A person from whom one is descended.

forefend oerb foregather oerb forego oerb foregoing ad:iectiae 1. Next before the Presentone. 2. Justgoneby or elaPsed. forehand noun A dominatingposition,s h a conflict. forehanded adiectirse Careful in the useof materialresources. forehandedness noun Careful useof materialresources. foreign adiectirse 1. Of, from, or characteristicof anotherplace or part of the world: for"ign speciesof plnnts; a foreign

ANCESTOR.

senforfend. snr forgather. sru forgo. l. r.esrr adiectioe. 2. pesr adiectioe. ADVANTACE

|INUN.

ECONOMICAL. ECONOMY.

1. Syns; alien, exotic, outlandish (Archaic), strange.

accent. 2. Not part of the essential nahrre of a thing: lealnwy is foreign to his nnture.

2. Syns: alien, extraneous, extrinsic.

A person coming from another country: a foreigner rpLn carne to the U.S. in 1910.

Syns; alien, 6migr6, newcomer, outlander, outsider, stranger.

foreigner noun foreknow oerb

To know in advance. nou,n foreman Someone who directs and supervises workers. adiectioe foremost l. Most important, infuential, or significant. 2. Having or exercising authority. naun forenoon The time of day from sunrise to noon.

FORESEE. BOSSftown. 1. pnrul,nv. 2. pnrNcrper-. MORMNC.

forensics

396

forensics rwun - The presentation of an argument.

foreordain oerb

To determine the future of in advance. foreordained ad,iectioe Governed and decided by or as if bv fate.

forepart rwun

The part of , -an object, person, etc., facing the viewer. fOfefun aerb - To come, exist, or occur prior to in time. foresee oerb To know in advance: dfficalties that rw orw could foresee. foieshadow oerb l. To give an indicafion of something in advance. - 2. To-give reason for expecting.

foresiglit

nmun

l. Unusual or creative discernment or perception. 2. The exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters.

foreitall

A.RCUMENTATION,

rtrn aerb. FATED. FRONT TWUN. PRECEDE,

Syns: anticipate, divinez, envision, foreknow, see.

t . ADUMBRATE. 2 . pnoursn oerb. 1 .VISION. 2 . PRUDENCE.

oerb

To prohibit from occurring by advance planning or action, forestalling nDun The act of preventing. forestalling adiecthse Intended to prevent.

PREVENT.

PREVENTION. PREVENTIVE.

forestallmenf twun The act of preventing. -aerb foresweaf foresworn adiectioe foretaste noun A limited or anticipatory experience. foretell oerb l. To tell about or make known (future events) by or as if by supernatural means. 2. To tell about or make known (future events) in advance, esp. by means of special knowledge or inference.

foreteller noun A personwhoforetellsfutureeventsby or asif by

PREVENTION.

snnforswear. srn forsworn. TASTE TWUN,

l. pnoprrnsy. 2. pnnorcr.

PROPHET.

zupernafural means.

foretelling noun l. Something that is foretold by or as if by supernatural means. 2. The act of predicting.

1. pnoprrpcy. 2. pnBorcnox.

forethink unrb To consider and plan in advance.

PREMEDITATE.

forethought noun The exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters. foretoken lwutn A phenomenon that serves as a sign or warning of some future good or evil. foretoken oerb To give reason for expecting. forever twun The totality of time without beginning or end. rw.rn foreverness l' The quality or state of having no end. 2.The totality of time without beginning or end. forewarn oerb l. To notify (someone) of imminent danger or risk.

PRUDENCE.

OMEN.

pnov,tsn oerb. ETERNITY. 1. rNor-nssNnss. 2. nrnnNlry. l. wanN.

form

397 2. To give warning srgnsof (impending peril). norm forewarning 1. Advice to beware, as of a person or thing. 2. An indicaUon of impending danger or harm.

2. trrnBerBN. 1. wenwrNc nuun. 2. rnnBer.

foreword noun A short section of preliminary remarks.

forfeit oerb To sufferthe lossof. forfend alsoforefend oerb To prohibit from occurring by advance planning or action. oerb forgather also foregather To come together. oerb forgel 1. To shape, break, or flatten with repeated blows. 2. To create by forming, combining, or dtering materials. 3. To make a fraudulent copy of.

forge2 oerb To move or advanceagainststrongresistance. rwttn forgery A fraudulent imitation. forget oerb To fail to remembenI alwaysforget his nmne. adiecthse forgetful Unableto remember:Anyorw who's that forgetful should write things ilnun. forgetfulness nnun Freedomfrom worry, care,or unpleasantness. forgivable adiectitse Admitting of forgivenessor pardon. forgive oerb To grant forgivenessfor a fault, offense,or injury: It n)a,son irwulting remark, but I'forgaoe him. forgiveness notnr The act or an instanceof forgiving: fargioerwssfor all otn sirw. forgo alsoforego oerb To let (something)go. fork noun Somethingresemblingor structurally analogousto a tree branch. fork oerb To separateinto branchesor branchlike parts. fork out oerb lnformal. To distribute (money)as payment. fork out oerb forforn adiectioe 1. Having been given up and left alone. 2. Empty of people. 3. Having lost all hope. form rnun of l. The externaloutline of a thing: a cakein the f* a guitar. 2. A model for makinga mold: Concreteis pou,redinto forms. 3. A conventionalsocialgestureor act without intrinsic Purpose. 4. An acceptedway of doug something. 5. A stateof soundreadiness. 6. A documentusedin applying as for a job. form oerb 1. To be the constituentparts of.

TNTRODUCTION.

ninop oerb. PREVENT.

ASSEMBLE.

L. swrr oerb. 2. rrrexn. 3. courvrcnrntt

oerb.

pl-vNcn oerb. COUNTERFEIT

|WILN.

Syn; disremember. -Idiorn

draw a blank.

Syn; amnesiac.

ESCAPE fioun. PARDONABLE.

Syns; condone, excuse, exculpate, pardon, remit. -Idiom forgive and forget. Syns; absolution, amnesty, condonation, exculpadon, pardon, remission. RELTNQUISH. BRANCH

TWUN.

sRANcH

oerb.

SPEND.

srn fork. l. enerroorvno. 2. r,ornr-v. 3. pnspoxonvr. 1. Syns; cast, configuration, figure, format, pattern, shape. 2. Syns: cast, matrix. 3. nrruer- noun. 4. cor.rvrNtrow. 5. rnru rwrrn. 6. eppr-rcenoN. 1. coNsrrrurn.

formal 2. To grve form to by or as if by pressingand kneading:used his lnnd^sto f"r* theitay into a stafirc. 3. To come graduallyto have. formaf ad,iehtn l. Requiring elegantclothes and fine manners:a formal dnrce. 2. Of or characterizedbv ceremony. 3. F9-ndof or given to ceremony. formaf istic aiieairn Characterizedby a narrow concernfor book learning and formal ntles, without knowledgeor experien"" o"f practical matters. formality noun l. A conventionalsocialgestureor act without intrinsic purpose. 2. Strict observanceof socialconventions. format nuun The external outline of a thing. formation rwun - A way or conditionof being arranged. former adiectioe 1. Having been zuchpreviously. 2. Justgoneby or elapsed. formerly a&nrb At a time in the past. formicate perb l. To overfow with. 2. Tg experiencea repugnanttingling sensation. formidabl'-e odiectioe l. Causingor able to causefear. Imposinga severetest of bodily or spirihralstrength. 2. formfess adiectiw Having no distinct shape. formulaic adiectiw Lacking in interest or originality. formulate wrb 1. To deviseand set down. 2. To useingenuityin making developing,or achieving. 3. To conveyin languageor words of a particular form. forsake oerb To give up without intendingto return or claim again. forsaken adiectiw Having been given up and left alone. forswear alsoforeswear oerb l. To ceiue tying to accomplishor continue. 2. To make untrue declarations. forsworn or foresworn adiectirse Marked by lnrg under oath. forte twun Somethingat which a personexcels:She'sall right as a cooh,but uitirq is her forte. forthcoming adiectioe In the relatively near future. forthrighl adiictirn f . Speakingor qpokenfreely and sincerely. 2. Executedwithout pretenseor obfuscation. forthwith adoerb Without delay.

398 2. Syns:model,mold,shape. 3. orver.op. 1. Syns; dressy, fancy-dress, full-dress. 2. nrruar- adiectioe. 3. cpnnlaoNrous. PEDANTI,C.

1. nrruer, rwun. 2. cBnruouy. FORMtwun, ARRANGEMENT.

1. r-err adiectiae. 2. pesr adiectioe. EARLIER.

1. rnnul. 2. cntwt oerb. 1. rnenrur.. 2. sunorwsoME. SHAPELESS.

RourrNE adiectiae. l. ontrr aerb. 2. rrwrvr. 3. psaxn oerb.

eseNDoN oerb. ABANDONED.

l. nneNoov aerb. 2. t-tgz aerb. PERJURIOUS.

Syns: bag (Slang), eminency, medium, metier, specidty, thing (Slang). -Idiorns long suit, strong point (or suit). COMING.

1. rnervx. 2. pr-aw adiectioe. DINECTLY.

foul

399 fortify

oerb

1. To make firmer in a particular convicUon or habit. 2. To prepare (oneself) for action.

fortitude

l. coNnnrr,r. 2. cmo.

rmr,n

The quality of mind enabling one to face danger or hardship resolutely.

COURAGE.

fortitudinous adiectioe Having or showing courage.

fortuitous ad,iectioe Occurringunexpectedly. fortuitousness rwrnx The qualrty shared by random, unintended, or unpredictable events or this quality regarded as the cause of such events.

BRAVE adiecth:e. ' ACcIDENT x,

adiectioe.

CHANCE fWU.n.

fortuity rwun l- The quality shared by random, unintended, or unpredictable events or this quallty regarded as the cause of such events. 2, An unexpected random event.

fortunate adiectioe 1. Indicativeof futuresuccess. by luck or goodfortune. 2. Characterized fortunateness rwun Successattained as a result of chance. noun fortune 1. A large sum of money: made a fortune in gold mining. 2. All property or goods having economic value. 3. A great amount of accumulated money and precious possessions. 4. The quality shared by random, unintended, or unpredictable events or this quality regarded as the cause of such events. 5. Successattained as a result of chance. oerb forward l. To cause to move forward or upward, as toward a goal. 2. To cause (something) to be conveyed to a destinaUon. fonvard ad;iectioe 1. Ahead of current trends or customs. 2. Rude and disrespectful.

forrvardness naun The stateor quality of being impudent. fossil nourr, An old-fashionedpersonwho is reluctant to changeor innovate. foster oerb l. To causeto move forward or upward, as toward a goal. 2. To help bring about. 3. To promote and sustainthe developmentof. fouf adiectioe 1. Heavily soiled;very dirty or unclean. 2. So objectionableasto elicit despisal. 3. Having an unpleasantodor. 4. Extremelyunpleasantto the sensesor feelings. 5. Offensiveto acceptedstandardsof decency. 6. Deservingstrongcondemnation. foul oerb 1. To makephysicallyimpure.

1. cneNcn rmun.

2. cnexcn twun. 1. revonesln. 2. ne.ppv. LUCK.

1. Syns; boodle (Slnng), bundle (Sl*rg), mint, pile (Slang), wad (Informnl). -ldioflis pretty penny, tidy sum. 2. nrsouncns. 3. nrcnBs. 4. cneNcB noun.

5, r-ucr. 1. eoveNcn oerb. 2. snrvo.

1. eovencro. 2. rupuonxr. IMPUDENCE. SQUAREftnun.

l. eoveNcn oerb. 2. pnouorp.

3. xunsr. 1. rrr.rrrv. 2. rrr.rrrv. 3. surr-r-v. 4. orrnxsrvr adiectioe. 5. osscnr.In. 6. rxreuous. 1. coNreurNATE.

foulness ?. To twist togetherso that separationis difficult. foul up oerb Slang.To harm_irreparablythroughinept handling; makea messof. foufness rwun l. The condition or stateof being dirty. 2. Impure condiUon. fouf-smlelling adiectit:e Having an unpleasantodor. fouf up- oerb' found oerb f . To bT"g into existence formally: My grandfather founded the unhsersity. 2. To take or serve as the basis for.

foundation naun 1. The act of foundingor establishing:the foundntion of a schalarshipfund. 2. The lowest or supportingpart or structure. 3. A fundamentalprinciple or underlyingconcept. 4. Anything on which somethingimmaterial,s,rchas art argumentor charge,rests. 5. A jusUfyingfact or consideration. foundational adiecthse Arising from or going to the root or source.

foundeF nxun One that creates, founds, or originates.

400 2. nNreNcr,n. BOTCH,

1. ornrrNnss. 2. rupunrry. SMELLY.

srn foul. l. Syns; constitute, create, establish, institute, organize, originate, set up, start. 2. nlsnl aerb. l. Syns; creation, establishment, insUfution. 2. nessl nnun. 3. sesrs. 4. sasrs. 5. nesrs. RADTcALadiectiae. ORIGINATOR.

founder2 oerb To go beneath the surface or to the bottom of a liquid. founf ltoun A point of origination.

swx oerb. ORICIN.

founlain ,*ui A point of origination.

ORIGIN.

fountainhead nuun A point of origination. four-flush oerb Slnng. To cause to accept what is false, esp. by trickery or misrepresentaUon.

ORIGIN. DECEIVE.

fourth estate rwun and journalism in general. - Journalists tOXlneSS noun Deceitful cleverness. foxy a.diectioe Deceitfullv clever. fracas rwttn A quarrel or figfrt marked by very noisy, disorderly, and often violent behavior. fractional ad,iectioe Pertaining to or affecting only a part; not total.

PRESS NOUN. ART. ARTFUL. BRAWL

NOUN.

PARTIAL.

fractious adiectiw Not submitting to discipline or control.

UNRULY.

fractiousness noun The quality or condition of being unruly. fracturbbls adiectioe Easily broken or damaged.

UNRULINESS. FRAGILE.

fracture wrb To crack or qplit into two or more fragments by means of or as a result of force, a blow, or strain. fragife diectioe 1. Easily broken or damaged: a fragile piece of glassttnre. 2. Not phpically strong.

nnntx oerb.

l. Syns: breakable, brittle, delicate, fracturable, frangible. 2. rr.rrrnu.

freakish

401 fragility noun The condition of being infirm or physically weak.

fragment noun 1. A tiny amount. 2. Residual matter. fragment oerb To reduce or become reduced to pieces or components. adiectirse fragmentary Pertaining to or afiecUng only a part; not total.

fragmentize oerb To reduce or become reduced to pieces or components.

fragrance noun A sweetor pleasantodor:thefragranceof a freshrose. fragrant adiecthse Having a pleasantodor: a fragrant bouquetof lilans. fraif ad;iectioe Not physicallystrong. frailty noun 1. The condition of being infirm or physicallyweak. 2. A liking or personalpreferencefor something. frame oerb 1. To deviseand set down. 2. To form a stratery for. 3. To createby forming, combining,or alteringmaterials. frangible adiecthse Easilybroken or damaged. frank adiectioe Speakingor spokenfreely and sincerelyza frank statementof his obiections. frantic adiectioe Marked by extremeexcitement,confusion,or agitation: frantic with wony; a frantic scrarnblefor seats. frantically adrserb In a violent, strenuousway. fraternity rwun A group of peopleunited in a relaUonshipand having someinterest,activity, or pu{posein common. fraternize oerb To keep company. fraud rwun 1. An act of cheating. 2. One who is not what he claimsto be. fraudulenl adiectitse Fraudulentlyor deceptivelyimitative. tray nuun l. A quarrel or fight markedby very noisy,disorderly, and often violent behavior. 2. A physicalconfict involving two or more. freak twun 1. A personor animalthat is abnormallyformed:frealcs exhibited in the circus sidpshow. 2. An impulsive,often illogical turn of mind. 3. Slang.A personwho is ardently devotedto a particular subject or activity. freakish adiectioe l. Resemblinga freak: a personof freakish aryearonce.

1. nrrl. 2. rrvo noun. BREAKup at break.

PARTIAL.

BREAK up at break. Syns; aroma,bouquet,perfume, redolence,scent. Syns; aromatic,perfumed,redolent, scented. INFIRM.

1. rr.rrrnurrv. 2. weexNBss. l. onnrr oerb. 2. onsrcN oerb. 3. nrerr. FRAGILE.

Syns; candid,direct, downright, forthright, honest,open, plainspoken, straig[rt,straiglrtforward,straight-from-theshoulder(Inforrrul), undisguised. Syns;delirious,frenetic, frenzied,mad, madding(Obs.),rabid, wild. HARDadrserb.

essocrers oerb. l. cnner rwu,n. 2. rexn noun. couNTERFE rr adiectiae. l. sRAwr, troun. 2. rrcnr rwun. 1. Syns; monster, monstrosity, oddity. 2. rer.rcv ftD|fit. 3. pxnrusresr.

1 . Synsrbi zarre, frealcy, grotesque, monstrous.

freaky 2. Deviating from the customary. - 3.-Following no predictabl" p"tt"^. freaky adiectioe Resembling a freak. freckle unlrb To mark with many small spots. free adiectioe l. Costing nothing: a free tbket to the ball game. 2. lt liberty; not imprisoned -Lhwoln's or enslaved: Sl.arses b_e cqne fre e with Emancipation Proclamation. 3. Able to move about at will without bounds or restraint. 4. Done by one's own choice. 5. Having political independence: Iamnica is rnu a free cmntry. 6. Freed from contact or connection. 7. Characteized by bounteous giving. 8. Lacking literal exactness. 9. Not fpoken for or occupied. 10. Speaking or spoken without reserve. free oerb To set at liberty: freeing a nutn frorn prison. freebee rwun freebie also freebee rwun SU"S.A free ticket enUtling one to transportation or admission. freedom noun l. The condition of being politically free: granted the nlonV its freeilorn 2. The state of not being in confinement or servitude. 3. Ease of movement: a coat that gioes the uearer plenty of freedom - 4, Departure from normal rules or procedures. free-for-all rwun A quarrel or fight marked by very noisy, disorderly, and often violent behavior. freehanded adiectitse Characterized by bounteous giving. -

freehandedness nDun

- The qgality or state of being generous. freefoader rwun Sb?S.One who depends on another for support - wi$out reciprocating. freeloading adiectioe Slang. Of or characterisUc of a parasite. free-speaking adiecthse Speaking or spoken without reserve. free-spoken adiectioe 1. Given to conversation. 2. Speaking or qpoken without reserve. freeway nmun A course affording passagefrom one place to another. freezing adiectiae Very cold. freight rvntn Something carried phprcally. freight tnrb l. To place a burden or heavy load on.

2. rccBrvrwc adiectioe. 3. capnrclous. FREAKISH. SPECKLE.

l. Syns; complimentary, cost-free, gratis, _ Eatuitous, on-the-house(Slang). 2. Syns: emancipated, liberated, manumitted, released. 3. roosn adiectioe. 4. vor-uNr tnv adiectioe. 5. Syns; autonomous, independent, sovereign. 5. cr,ran adiectioe. 7. crxrnous. 8. r,oosn adiectiae. 9. umssenvEn. 10. ourspoxnN. Syns: discharge,emancipate, Iiberate, loose, manumit, release,spring (Slang). -Idi{nn let loose. snp freebie. PASS NOUN.

1 . Syns: autonomy, independence, liberty, sovereignty. LIBERTY.

Syns; elbowroom, latitude, play, swing. LIBERTY. BRAWL TWUN,

GENEROUS.

PARASITE.

PARASITIC.

OUTSPOKEN.

1. rer,xauvn. 2. ourspoxnru. wAY nou.n. FRICID. BURDEN II,OUN. t.

clgnncn

aerb.

friendlY

403 2. To make or become full; put into as much as can be held. 3. To cause to be filled with a particular mood or tone. ad;iectitse frenetic Marked by extreme excitement, confusion, or agitation. adiectioe frenzied Marked by extreme excitement, confusion, or agitation.

frenziedly' adnerb way. In a violent,strenuous frequent oerb To visit regularly:Wefrequentedthe parkon Saturdny momings. frequent a"d;iectinse Occurring quite often. adrserb frequently For the most part. adiectirse fresh 1. Not previously known or used: fresh eoi'dente; a fresh coat of paint. 2. Being an addition. 3. Bright and clear; not dull or faded: the fresh ccnnplexion of a young girl. 4. Informal. Rude and disrespectful. 5. Showing marked departure from previous practice. oerb freshen 1. To impart renewed energy and strength to (a person). 2. To make neat and trim; make presentable.

2. rl;.,t-. 3. cultncn oerb. FRANTIC. FNANTIC. HARD adnerb.

Syns;hang around (nformal), hang out (Stong),haunt, resort to. coMMoN

od,iectitse.

USUALLY.

1. Syns; brand-new, different, new. 2. enorrroNer-. 3. Syns; blooming, creamy, glowing peaches-and-cream. 4. rupuorNr. 5. Npw ad.iectioe. l. nsrnpsH. 2. rrov oerb.

freshet tmun An abundant, usu. overwhelming flow.

FLOODrWUn.

freshman nuun One who is just starting to learn or do something. rwun freshness The quality of being novel. oerb fret 1. To turn over in the mind, moodily and at length. 2. To worry over trifles. 3. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, esp. by repeated vexations. 4. To make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction. adiectioe fretful 1. Being unable to endure irritation or opposition. 2. Easily annoyed. adiecthse fribbling Given to lighthearted silliness.

BEGINNER. NOVELTY.

1. snooo. 2. russ oerb. 3. ervr.roy. 4. cneru. 1. ruparrprvr. 2. rnnrregr-n. GIDDY.

friction rmun A state of disagreement and disharmony. noun friend 1. A person whom one knows well, likes, and trusts: He's been my friend sirce high school. 2. A person whom one knows casually. 3. A person who supports or champions an activity, instifution, etc. noun friendliness The quality of being pleasant and friendly. adiectitse friendly 1. Of or befitting a friend or friends: a friend.ly letter; friendly cooperation. 2. Yery closely associated. 3. Easily approached.

CONFLICT

|WUN,

l. Syns; amigo(Wnish), confidant, familiar, intimatel, mate, sidekick

(skne). 2. e.cguetNreNcr. 3. pArnor.I.

AMIASILITY.

1. Syns; amiable, amicable, chummy (Inforrnal), congenial, convivial, neighborly, sympathetic, warmhearted. 2. reurr-nn adiectioe. 3. eppnoecHABLE.

friendship -4. E*hibiting accord in feeling or acUon. friendship ,mtn The condition of being friends: Our friendship has - ruruiued flnny argurnents. fright nou,n l. Great agitation and anxiety caused by the - expectation or the realization of danger. 2. An unsightly object. fright oerb Archab. To fill with fear. frighten aerb To fill with fear: The explosim frighterwd me. A snwll child frighterw easily

frightened adiectirse Filled with fear or terror. frightening adiectioe Causingor able to causefear. frightful adiectiae l. Causingor able to causefear. 2. Very bad. 3. Too awful to be described. frightfulness rrcrun Th9 quality or condition of being ugly. frigid a.diectiae l. Very cold: a frlgd larunry dny. 2. Deficient in or lacking sexualdesire:a fri$d person urnble to respondto looe. 3. Lacking all friendlinessand warmth. frif f noun Somethingcostlyand unnecessary. fringe nuun l. A fairly narrow line or spaceforming a boundary. 2. The peripheryof a city or town. fringe aerb To put or form a border on. frippery twun - Somethinglackingsubstanceor depth. frisk oerb 1. To leap and skip about playfully. 2. To examinethe personor personaleffectsof in order to find somethinglost or concealed. frisk rroun , A thoroughsearchof a placeor person. fritter awiy r;erb To spend(money)excessivelyand usu.foolishly. frivolity noun Somethinglackingsubstanceor depth. frivolous adiectioe Given to lightheartedsilliness. frock ltaun A one-piece,skirted outer garmentfor women and children. frolic oerb l. To leap and skip about playfully. 2. To behaveriotously.

404 4. Henuowrous. Syns: brotherhood, comradeship, intimacy. l. rnan rwun. 2. urss ngun. FRIGHTEN.

Syns; affright (Archaic), alarm, fright (Archab), panic, scare, scarify (Reginnal), shake up (Informal), startle, terrify, terrorize. -Idioms make one's blood run cold, make one's hair stand on end, scale silly (or spitless or stiff), scare the daylights out of. AFRAID. FEARFUL.

1. rnenrur,. 2. rrnnrer-n. 3. uNspnexeslr. UGLINESS.

l.

LUXURY.

1. eonnrn nDun. 2. sxnrs. r,ononn Derb. FROTH

TLOUN,

l. ceveor-. 2. sntnc:r. aerb.

sHAKEDowN at shake down. wtsrn

aerb.

FROTH noun. CIDDY. DRESS

TWUN.

l. cernreol.. 2. npvnr oerb.

fruitage

405 frolic noun A mischievousact. front noun 1. The part of an object, person,etc., facing the viewer: a blune uith hrclesdnum the front; spilled graDAdmnl his front. 2. The forward outer surfaceof a building. 3. A deceptiveoutward appearance. front oerb l. To have the face or front turned in a specific direction. 2. To confront boldly and courageotsly. 3. To meet face-to-face,esp.defiantly. frontage rnun The forward outer surfaceof a building. frontal rwun The forward outer surfaceof a building. frontispiece nou,n Archit. The forward outer surfaceof a building. front-runner nou,n A leadingcontestant. frore adiectioe Archaic.Very cold. trory adiecthse Archaic. Very cold. frosty ad;iectine 1. Very cold. 2. Not friendly, sociable,or warm in manner. froth rwun 1. Somethinglacking substanceor depth: The plny uas rwthingbut froth. 2. A massof bubblesin or on the surfaceof a liquid. froth oerb To form or causeto form foam. frothy adiectioe 1. Amusingbut esentially empty and frivolous:a frothy rwu comedy. 2. Consistingof or resemblingfoam. 3. Given to lightheartedsilliness. froward ad;iecthse Given to acting in oppositionto others. frown perb To wrinkle one'sbrow, as in thought,puzzlement,or displeasurefrowrw when,he's angry. frown on (or upon) oerb To have or expressan unfavorableopinion. frown nou,n The act of wrinkling the brow, as in thought, puzzlement,or displeasure:With a froton, she refrned to shakehnnfu. frown oD (or upon) oerb frowsy ad;iecthse Smellingof mildew or decay. frugaf adiectitse Careful in the useof materialresources. frugality naun Careful useof materialresources. nou,n fruit l. The produce gathered from the land. 2. Something brought about by a cause.

PRANK.

1. Syns: fore, forepart.

2. reqeon. 3. reqeor. L. rtcn oerb. 2. osFY. 3. coNrnowr. FAgADE. FAgADE. FAqADE. LEADER. FRIGID. FRIGID.

1. rnrcro. 2. coor- adiectioe. 1. Syns; fiddle-faddle(Slang),ftipp"ry, frivolity, trivia, triviality. 2. roeu rwun. rol^luoerb. l. Syn:light. 2. roervrv. 3. crpor. coNTRARYadiecthse. Syns.'glare, glower, lowerr (a/so lour), scowl. -ldiom look black. DISAPPROVE.

Syns: glare, glower, lowerl (a/so lour), scowl. -Idiurn black look. snn frown. MOLDY. ECONOMICAL.

ECONOMY.

1. rranvssr rwun. 2. rrrucr rwun.

fruitage rwun The produce gathered from the land.

HARVEST t10un.

fruitfulness

406

fruitfulness rwrLn quality or state of being fertile. . Tf." ffufllOn rroun The condition of being fulfilled. fruitless adiecthse Having no useful result.

FERTILITY. FULFILLMENT. FUTILE.

fruitles5ness noun The condition or quality of being uselessor inefiective. fruity adiectioe Slang. Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness. frumpish adiectirse Quite outmoded.

FUTILITY. INSANE.

TacrY2.

frustrate oerb

To prevent from accomplishing a purpose: A poor nwfiwry frustroted his eforts to become an actor.

fuddle oerb To cause to be unclear in mind or intent.

Syns; baffie, balk, check, checkmate, defeat, foil, stymie, thwart. -Idiorn cut the ground from under. CONFUSE.

fuddy-duddy rwtrn An old-fashioned person who is reluctant to change or innovate. fudge oerb To proceed or perform in an unsteady, faltering manner. fuehrer noun fugacious adiectitse Lasting or exisUng only for a short time.

SQUARE rWUn.

MUDDLE,

snr fiihrer. TRANSITORY.

fugitive rwun One who flees, as from home, confinement, captivity, justice, etc.: a fugitioe fr* o Cuban iail. fugitive adiectioe l. Fleeing or having fled, as from home, confinement, captivity, jusUce, etc.: a mnnhunt for fugitioe conoicts. 2. Lasting or existing only for a short time. fUhrerdsJfuehrer rwtrn German. An absolute ruler, esp. one who is harsh and oppressive.

Syns: escapee, refugee, runaway.

1. Syns; escaped,mnaway.

2. rnexsrronv. DICTATOR.

fuilill wrb l. To carry out the functions,requirements,or terms of fulfillingher oftcial duties;fulfillnd my side of the batgain. 2. To supply fully or completely. fuffif fed adiectioe Having achievedsatisfaction,asof one'sgoal: Shefelt fulfllcd uhm shc reachedthe t"p "f her profession. fulfillmenl rwun The condition of being fulfilled: drearnsthat could t1eoerrea.chfulfllmmt. fuf l odiecth:e l. Completelyfilled: a full pail; a roomfull of people.

2. Lacking nothing essentialor normal. 3. Of full measure;not narrow or resEictedzo full skirt. 4. Not devirrtingfrom correctness,accuracy,or completeness.

1. Syns; discharge, execute, exercise, implement, perform. -Idium live up to. 2. se.usrv. Syns: content, gratified, h"ppy, satisfied.

Syns : consummation, culmination, fruition, realization. l. Syns: brimful, brimming, bursting, chockablock, chock-full (also chuckfull, choke-full), crammed, crowded, jam-full, jammed, jam-packed (Infornwl), loaded, packed, replete, shrffed, trrg (Brit. Regiorul). 2. coupr.rrn adiecthse. 3. Syns; ample, capacious, voluminous, wide. 4. cr-osnr o.diectine.

functional

407 5. Charactenzed by attention to detail. 6. Not more or less. adiectioe full'blooded l. Of pure breeding stock. 2. Of a healthy, reddish color. adiectioe fuf l-blown Having reached full gowth and development. adiectine full-dress 1. Requiring elegant clothes and fine manners. 2. Covering all aspects with painstaking accuracy. a.diecthse fufl-ffedged Having reached full growth and development. adiectioe fulf -grown Having reached full growth and development. adiecthse fufl-strenglh Not diluted or mixed with other substances. fuf fy adnerb 1. To the fullest extent. 2. Nl the way. oerb fulminate To release or cause to release enerry suddenly and violently, esp. with a loud noise.

5. osrerr-po. 6. nour.ro. 1. rnonoucHBRED ad;iectine. 2. nuoov. MATuREadiectiae. 1. ronuer-. 2. rnonoucm ad:iectioe. MATUREadiectirse. MATUREadiectioe. srRArcHT ad;iectioe. 1. coupr.BTELY. 2. cr-nen adnerb.

fulmination nnun 1. A violent release of confined energy, usu. accompanied by a loud sound and shock waves. 2. A long, violent, or blustering speech, usu. of censure or denunciation.

1. sr-esr rwun. 2. flneos.

fulsome ail;iectioe Mectedly and self-servingly earnest. oerb fumble 1. To harm irreparably througlr inept handling; make a mess of. 2. To reach about or search blindly or uncertainly.

t.

or perform in an unsteady,faltering

I?#Teed fumble rwun A stupid, clumsymistake. fumbler noun A stupid, clumsyperson. fume oerb To be or becomeangry. fume rwun A conditionof exciteddistress. fun ncnn l. Activity engagedin for relaxationand amusement. 2. Actionstaken as a joke. 3. Joyful, exuberantactivity. fun oerb 1. To makejokes;behaveplayfully. 2. To teaseor mock good-humoredly. function tmun l. The proper activrty of a personor thing: the function of a teacher;the furrction,of a carburetor. 2. A large or important socialgathering. function oerb l. To function effectively. 2. To react in a specifiedway: He functioned,u:ell in the uisis. 3. To perform the dutiesof another. functional adiectioe Servingor capableof servinga usefulpurpose.

UNCTUOUS.

1. sorcH. 2. cnopr. 3. uupplr.

BLUNDER

IWUN.

BLUNDERER.

aNcrn oerb. STATE TMUN. 1. pr-ev twnln. 2. pr-ey rwun. 3. cersrY. L. pxn

oerb.

2.1or,n oerb. l. Syns:job, purpose, role. 2. penry rwun. l. wonx oerb. 2. Syns: act, behave, operate, take, work. 3. ecr ron at act. PRACTICAL.

functioning

408

functioning nnun Th9wayin whicha machineor otherthingperforms or functions. functioning adiectioe In action or firll operation. fund oerb To supply capital to or for. fundamenl rwun The lowest or supporting -part or structure.

fundamental adiicth:e-

l. Of or being an irreducible element. 2. Arising from or going to the root or source. 3. Constituting or forming part of the essenceof something. fundamental rnrun 1. A fundamental principle or underlying concept. 2. A broad and basic nrle or truth. 3. A fundamental, irreducible constituent of a whole.

fundamentalist nuun favors retention -'adoerb - Ory who strongly fundamentally

of the existing order.

In regard to the essenceof a matter.

BEHAVIOR.

ACTIVE. FINANCE.

SASEI lwun.

l. nr.nnnNrat,. 2. naorcer. adiectioe. 3. nssrvrr u- adiectioe.

1. sesrs. 2. rtw rroun. 3. rr,rrurNr rwun. CONSERVATIVE TWUN. ESSENTIALLY.

funds nuun The monetaryresourcesof a government,organization, or individual: stategouerrmrent funds; had ircufrcient fu\d" to pay for the el.aborutebanquet. funkl tserb To have or give off a foul odor. funk2 rroun l. Great agitationand anxietycausedby the expectationor the realizationof danger. 2. Chbfly Brdt.Ignoble lack of courage. 3. Chicfly Brit. A feeling or spell of dismallylow qpirits. 4. thiefly Brit. An ignoble,uncourageous person. funniness rwun The quality of being laughableor comical. funny adiecthse l. Causingpuzzlement;perplexing:That'sa funny u:ay to behatseushenVou'repaid a compliment. 2. Arousinglaughter. 3. Intended to excitelaughteror amusement. 4. Deservinglaughter. 5. Ageeably curious,esp.in an old-fashionedor unusualway. funny nDrrn Infornnl. Words or actionsintendedto excitelaughter or amusement. fur raoun The skin of an animal.

furbish oerb l. To give a gleaming luster to, usu. tlrough friction. 2. To make new or as if new again. ad.iectiw furious f . Full of or marked by extreme anger: He taasfurious ushen I oiticiaed him.

2. Feeling or showing anger. 3. Intensely violent in sustained velocity. 4. Intensely sustained, esp. in activity.

Syns: capital, finances,moneys.

sunrr oerb. l. rren rmun. 2. cowenolcn. 3. cr.oou. 4. coweno. HUMOR TWUN.

1. Syns; curious, kooky (Slnng), odd, peculiar, queer, strange, weird. 2. auusrxc. 3. Huuonous. 4. Leucnesln. 5, guenvr'.

loI(E rwun.

ttIDE2 rwun.

l. closs oerb. 2. nnNrw. l. Syns; enraged, inflamed, infuriated, rabid, raging, ranting, raving. -Idiorns foaming at the mouth, in a towering rage. 2. eNcnv. 3. nrcn. 4. nrew adiectirse.

fusion

409 furiously adoerb In a violent, strenuous way.

HARD adnerb.

furlough rwun A regularly scheduled period spent away from work or duty, often in recreation. aerb furniih 1. To supply what is needed for some activity or puq)ose: fumished their rww house. 2. To relinquish to the possessionor control of another.

furnishing rwtn A piece of equipment for comfort or conveniencei a chair or other fumishing. naun furor l. Violent or unrestrained anger. 2. The current custom. rraun furrow An indentation or seam on the skin, esp. on the face.

turry

VACATION.

1. Syns; accouter, appoint, equip, fit up (ar out), gear, outfit, rig (out or up), turn out. 2. cwn oerb. Syns; appoinhnent, chattel, fitting, movable (also moveable). l. runv. 2. resnroN nnun. LTNE |WUN.

ad;iectioe

Covered with hair.

further od,iecthse 1. Goingbeyondwhatcurrentlyexists:utithoutfurther ado. 2. Being an addition. further oerb To cause to move forward or upward, as toward a goal. further ad,oerb In addiUon.

HAIRY.

1. Syns; additional, subsequent, ulterior. 2. aor>rrroNer-. eoveNcr oerb. ADDITIONALLY.

furtherance nou,n Forward movement.

ADVANCE

|WUN.

furthermore adrserb In addition. adiecthse furthermost Most distant or remote from a center. adiecthse furthest Most distant or remote from a center. ad;iectioe furtive 1. So slow, deliberate, and secret as to escape observation. 2. Trickily secret.

furtiveness nou,n slowly,deliberately, andsecretly Theact of proceeding

ADDITIONALLY. ExTREME

adiecthse.

EXTREME

a.diectioe.

1. srrer-rrrv. 2. sr,vadiectine. STEALTII.

to escape observation.

tury naun 1. Violent or unrestrained anger: He snashed the glass in his fury. 2. Exceptionally great concentration, power, or force, esp. in acUvity. 3. A person, esp. a woman, who habitually uses loud, abusive language. fuse oerb 1. To change from a solid to a liquid. 2. To put together into one mass so that the constituent parts are more or less homogeneous. adiectioe fused foined together into a whole. fusillade nutn A concentrated outpouring, as of missiles, words, or blows.

1. Syns; choler, furor, ire, rage, wrath, wrat}fulness. 2. rNruusrrY. 3. scor-o rrntn.

1. rrasr.r. 2. lr:tx oerb.

COMBINED.

BARRAGE NM,'N.

fusion nou,n Something produced by mixing.

MIXTURE.

fuss

410

fuss rwrn 1. Bus_y anduseles-s activity:Can'twe gioea party withouta lnt of frcs? 2. Needlestrouble. 3. An interrupUon of regularprocedureor of public peace. fuss oerb 1. To be nervously or uselessly active: She fussed in the kitchen aII aftemoon. 2. To worry over trifles: rw rrced to firss abutt a bad dream. 3. To scold or find fault constantly. fussy adiectioe 1. Excessively filled with detail. _ 2. Yery difficult to please. fustian odiectioe Characterizedby language that is elevated and - sometimes pompous in style. fusty adiectiae l. Smelling of mildew or decay. - z-.-Of a style or method formerly in vogue. futile adiectiae Having no useftrl result: a futiln efort to engage him in conaersation.

l. Syns; ado, to-do (Informal). 2. norsnn nDun. 3. prsrunnANcE.

L. Syns: bustle, messaround (Slnng), potlrer, putter (around). 2. Syns: chafe, fret, stew, take on. 3. Nac. 1. eusy adiectiae. 2. Nrcr.

1. lror-nv. 2. or,r-resHroNED. Syns: barren, bootless,fruitless, ineffective, ineffectual, unavailing, unsuccessful,useless,vain. -Idiom vain,

in

futifity rwun The condition or quality of being uselessor inefiective: a oar that uas an exercise in futility.

future

rrc/un

l. Time that is yet to be We'll face that problern some tirne in the future. 2. Chance of successor advancement: a iob with rc

future. future a.diectioe Beingor occurringin the time ahead:postponedthe meetingto a future dnte. tuzz nDun Slnng.A memberof a law-enforcementagency. tuuy o.diectiae Not clearlyperceivedor perceptible.

gab oerb Inforrwl. To talk volubly, persistently, and usu. inconsequentially. gab nuun lnfonrwl. Incessant and usu. inconsequential talk. gabble oerb To talk rapidly, incoherently, or indistinctly. gabble twun Unintelligible or foolish talk. gabby adiectiae Given to conversation.

Syns: fruitlessness,ineffectiveness, ineffectuali$2, ineffectualness, inefficacy, uselessness. 1. Syns; by-and-by, hereafter. -Idi.orn time to come. 2. Syns: outlook, prospect.

Syns; coming, later, subsequent.

cstrrnn

oerb.

CHATTER

|IOUN.

r,tBsrn

aerb.

BABBLE IWUN. TAIKATIVE.

gallant

4tt gad about (or around) oerb To move about at random,esp.over a wide area. gadget noun Inforrnal.A small,specializedmechanicaldevice: a gadgetfor peelingpotatoes.

gag rwun lnfonnal. Words or actions intended to excite laughter or amusement. gag oerb To hold (something requiring an outlet) in check. gaga adiectioe l. Slnng. Given to lighthearted silliness. 2. Slang. Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness. gage rnun b oerb gaiety nutn 1. A state of joyful exuberance: the gaiety of the holidays; a howe that rang with the gaiety of chil.dren. 2. loyful, exuberant activity: a useekend,of unrestrained gaiety. gain oerb 1. To achieve an increment of gradually: gain ueight; gain speed. 2. To reach a goal or objecUve. 3. To make as income or profit. 4. To acquire as a result of one's behavior or effort. 5. To receive, as wages, for one's labor. 6, To come into possessionof. 7. To obtain possessionor control of. 8. To regain one's health. gain noun 1. Something earned, won, or otherwise acquired: a net gain of $5 per share. 2. Something beneficial.

concern (tnformal), contraption, ;: contrivance, doodad (lnformnl), doohickey (Informal), gimmick (Slong), gismo (also $zmo) (Slnng), jigger, thing, thingamabob (also thingumabob) (lnf orrnl), thingamaji g (also thingumajig ) (Infonnal), widget (lnformal). IOY\EfWUn.

REPRESS.

1. croov. 2. uqservr. sEEgauge. 1. Syns; glee, gleefulness, hilarity, jocularity, jocundity, jollity, joviality, jovialness, merriment, mirth. 2, Syns: festivity, fun, jollity, merriment, merrymaking, revel, reveling, revelry, whoopee (Slnng). 1. Syns; build up, develop, increase. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

ennrvn er at arrive. nnrunrv oerb. eanN. nenr.l. cnr. ceprunr. necovnn.

1. Syns; profit, return. 2. envervr*cg ntntn.

gainsay oerb To refuse to admit the truth, reality, value, or worth of.

gainsaying noun A refusal to gant the truth of a statement or charge. gala nDttn A large or important social gathering. gala adiectioe Marked by festal celebration. gale nuun Archai,c. A natural movement or current of air. galf l twun The quality or state of feeling bitter. gall oerb 1. To make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction. 2. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, esp. by repeated -r10u,n vexations. Eaal2 1. The state or quality of being impudent. 2. Excessive and arrogant self-confidence. galfant adiectioe 1. Respectfully attentive, esp. to women: gallnnt cond.uct.

:::_., RESENTMENT.

1. cnaru. 2. eNxov.

1. rupuorwcB. 2. pnrsuuPTroN. 1. Syns; chivalric, chivalrous, courtly.

gallantry

412

2. Llaving or showing courage. 3. Characterized by elaborate but usu. formal courtesy. gallant noun A man amorously attentive to women: a flirtatious gallant keeping an e7e out for pretty V*ng things. gallantry rloun 1. Respectful attention, esp. toward women: frue gentlemen, noted for gallantry. 2. The quality of mind enabling one to face danger or hardship resolutely. 3._The quality or state of being heroic. gaf limaufry noun A collection of various things. galf ing adiectite Troubling the nerves or peace of mind, as by repeated vexations. gaf livant rcrlt To move about at random, esp. over a wide area.

gallumph uerb gafumph or gallumph aerb T o m o v eh e a v i l y .1 - , i . ' , gafvanize terb l. To arouse to action. 2. To stir to action or feeling.

2. snavn atliecti-^e. 3. cnecrous. Syns: amorist, Casanova,Don Juan, Lothario, Romeo. -Idioms gay blade, lady's man (a/soladies' man). l. Syns; chivalrousness,chivalry, courtliness. 2. counacn. 3. nenolsl,r. ASSORTMENT. VEXATIOUS.

ROVE.

sEEgalumph. '

-'

'' r'llFll

gamble wb l. To take a risk in the hope of gaining advantage: gambled in cotton futures. 2. To make a bet on. 3. To put up as a stake in a game or speculation: gambled her half of the estate agairwt his. gamble noun l. A venture depending on chance: His gamble u)as that the nutrket toould rise. 2. A possibility of danger or harm. gambler rwun One who bets. gambol rcrb To leap and skip about playfully: children gamboling on the lawn. game aerb To make a bet on. game noun Actions taken as a joke. game adiectiae 1. Having or showing courage. 2. Informal. Disposed to accept or agree.

t vv.pt uerb. l. ecuvR:rn. 2. pnovoxr. l. Syns; speculate, venture. 2. snr u^erb. 3. Syns; bet, go, layl, risk, setr, stake, venfure, wager. -Idiorn put one's money on. 1. Syns; bet, speculation, wager. 2. nrsx rwun. BETTOR.

Syns: caper, cavort, dance, frisk, frolic, prance, rollick, romp. snr aerb. PLLY nOUn.

l. snevr adiectiae, 2. wrr-r,rNc.

gamester naun One who bets. ganderl rwun Infonrnl. A mentallydeficientperson. gander2 rwu.n Slnng.A quick look. gang naun 1. An organizedgoup of criminals,hoodlums,or wrongdoers:the City Hall gang;a gang of car thieoes. 2. A particular socialSoup. gang up oerb Infomnl. To assembleor join in a goup.

BETTOR.

FOOL fWUn.

cteNCEl

naun.

1. Syns; band2, mob (Informal), pack, .i.rgt. 2. cnowo noun. sltNrg oerb.

gas

413 gangfing adiectioe Tall, thin, and awkwardly built: d'ancedreluctantly with a ganglingyouth. gangly adiectirse Tall, thin, and awkwardly built. gang up oerb gaOf rwun Chief,y Brit. A place for the confinementof personsin lawful detention. gaofer noun Chief.y Brit. A guard or keeperof a prison. gap rwun 1. An interval during which continuity is suspended:an L}-miratte gqp in the taped corwersation. 2. An opening,esp.in a solid structure. 3. A markedlack of correspondenceor ageement: c gap behaeenreDenneand spend,ing;the generation

gry. gap oerb Re$orwl. To open wide. gape oerb 1. To look intently and fixedly. wlo with a deep inward breath, tIIe mouth moutn wide To oPen the 2. 'l'o

Syns; gangly, lanky, loose-jointed, rangy, spindling, spindly. GANGLING.

sEE gang. JAIL noun.

JATLER. Syns: breach, break, hiatus, interim, lacuna, void. 2. snpecH rwun. 3. Syns; difference, disagreement, discrepancy (also discrepance ), L

disparity,incongruity,inconsistency. YAWN.

L. crzn oerb. 2. yewx.

as when tired or bored.

3. vewN. 3, To openwide. gape fraun cazE rrotm. An intent, fixed look. gaping a^diectioe YAWNING. Open wide. garb noun DRESSnOUn. Articles worn to cover the body. garb oerb onnss oerb. To put clotheson. garden adiectitse oRDTNARYadiectirse. Being of no specialquality or type. garden-variety a.diectite oRDTNARYadiectioe. Beingof no specialquality or type. gargantuan adibcthse crANT a.diecthse. Of extraorditaty size and power. garish adiectioe GAUDY. showy. Tastelessly 'oerb garment nnnss oerb. To put clotheson. garments rwun DRESSfWUn. Articles worn to cover the body. garner oerb l. eccuuulATE. l. To bring togetherso as to increasein massor number. 2. cr-neN. 2. To collect (something)bit by bit. 3. cernnn. 3. To collect ripe crops. garner rnun ACCUMULATION. A ouantity accumulated. garnish oerb ADORN. To furnish with decorations. garnishment rwun ADORNMENT. Somethingthat adorns. garniture nuun ADORNMENT. Somethingthat adorns. garrufous a.iliectioe TALKATIVE. Given to conversation. gas rwu,n or someoneuproariouslyfunny or absurd.SCREAM fwltfl. Slang.Something

gasconade gas wrb Slong.To talk volubly, persistently,and usu. inconsequentially. gasGonade oerb To talk with excessivepride. gasconade rwun An act of boasting. gash oerb To penetratewith a sharpedge. gash rroun The result of cutting. gasp wrb l. To utter in a breathlessmanner:gaspeda waming and fainted. 2. To breathehard. gate ntntn The amountof moneycollected as admission,esp.to a qportingevent. gate money noun The amountof moneycollectedas admission,esp.to a sportingevent. gather wrb l. To collect ripe crops:gatherpeaches. 2. To britrg together. 3. To come together. 4. To brittg togetherso as to increasein massor number. 5. To come or bring into a goup or groups. 6. To collect (something)bit by bit. 7. To draw a conclusionfrom evidenceor reasoning. gathering noun l. The act or fact of comingtogether, 2. A number of personswho have come or been gatheredtogether. 3. The act or processof bringing in a crop. gauche adiectiw Clumsily lackingin the ability to do or perform. gaudy adiectioe Tastelesslyshowy: a gaudy disco;gaudy clothes. gauge also$a$e rwun A meansby which individualsare comparedand judged. gauge alsogage oerb 1. To ascertainthe dimensions,quantity, or capacityof. 2. To make a judgmentas to the worth or value of. gaUm tKrun Regional.A large,ungainly,and dull-witted person. gaunt odiectioe l. Having little fleshor fat on the body. 2. Physicallyhaggard. gaunt oerb To make physically thin or thinner. gauzy adiectioe Solight and insubstantialas to resembleair or a thin film. gawk nuun A large, ungainly, and dull-witted person. gawk oerb Infomal. To look intently and fixedly. gawky adiectioe Lacking dexterity and gracein physicalmovement.

4L4 cr'llrcnn oerb.

sollsr oerb, BOAST fWUn,

cvr oerb. cvT fwun.

t.

pant.

2. per.t"r. TAKE NOUN.

TAKE |WUN.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Syns; garner, harvest, reap. essnnsr,n. essnMsr,r. eccuuulATE.

5. cnovp oerb. 5. cr,eeN. 7. nrrprn. 1. luNcuoN. 2. esspnsr,v. 3. uenvnsr twun. UNSKILLFUL.

Syns: chintzy, fashy, garish, glaring, loud, meretricious, tacky2, tawdry, tinsel. STANDARD NDUN.

vrrlisvan aerb. nsrtv,'plrn oerb, t-uupl rwun. l. rnrw adiectioe. 2. wasrno. rrnx oerb. FILMY.

Luupl

noun.

cl:zn aerb. AWK\MARD.

gcneral

415 gay a.d:iectitse l. Characterizedby joyful exuberanceta gay cornparion;a ga7 Chrisfuasparty. Providing joy and pleasure. Full of color. Given to heedless,unrestrainedpursuit of pleasure. Pertainingto, characteristicof, or exhibiting sexual desirefor othersof one'sown sex:the ky Rights Mooqmen't. gaze oerb 1. To look intently and fixedly: gared in awe at the Alpt. 2. 3. 4. 5.

2. To direct the eyeson an object. gaze rwun t. An intent, fixed look: usasdisconcertedby his perwtrating ga,ze. 2. An act of directing the eyeson an object. geaf rwun Thingsneededfor a task,joumey, or other pupose. gear oerb To supply what is neededfor someactivrty or purpose. gee oerb Infonrnl. To be compatibleor in correspondence. gefastic adiectioe Deservinglaughter. gelatinize oerb To changeor be changedfrom a liquid into a soft, semisolid,or solid mass. gefatinous adiectioe Having so many constituent particles in suspensionas to be condensed,often viscous. geld oerb To render incapableof reproducingsexually. gelding rwun The act or an instanceof making one incapable of reproducingsexually. gelia adiedue Verv cold. 'rwun gelt Slnng.Something,as coins,printed bills, etc., used as a medium of exchange. gem rwun Someoneor somethingconsideredexceptionally precious. geminate adiecthse Composedof two parts or things. gendarme rwun Slnng.A memberof a law-enforcementagency. genealogy noun 1. A written record of ancestrytstudied her farnily's genealogy. 2. One'sancestorsor their character. general adiecthse 1. Belongingor pertainingto the whole: a gerwral changein society. 2. Coveringa wide scope:gerural discontent.

1. Syns;blithe, blithesome,boon2,festive, gleeful,jocund, jo[y, jovial, liglthearted, merry, mirthful. 2. cr,lo. 3. cor.onrur.. 4. r'esr ad,iec-tiae. 5. Syns;homophile,homosexual.

1. Syns;eye, gape,gawk (Infonnal), gl*", goggle,ogte, peerl, sta.re,),au/p (alsoyaup) (Regional).-Idionw gaze open-mouthed,rivet the eyeson. 2. uoox oerb. l. Syns:gap, peerr,stare. 2. roor raoun.

FURNISH.

LAUGHABLE. COAGUI,ATE.

rHrcK adiectioe.

STERILIZE. STERILIZATION.

DouBLE adiectioe. POLICEMAN.

1. Syns; begats (Shg), pedigree. -Idionr family tree. 2. eNcrsrnv. l. Syns; common, generic, trniversal. 2. Syns: all-inclusive, all-round (also allaround ), broad, broad-spectnun, comprehensive, expansive, extended, extensive, far-ranging, far-reaching,

generalize

3. Belongingto, sharedby, or applicableto all alike. 4. To be expected. 5. Not limited to a single class:generalnwrchandise. 6. Of,.representing,or carried on by people at large. generallZe wrb To make universal. generate twb 1. To grverise to a particular development:strdct policbs generutingmrylnyee discontmt. 2. To causeto come into existence. 3. To brirg (a produc! ide4 etc.) into being. generic adiec-thse Belongingor pertainingto the whole. generOsity twun The qudity or state of being generous:a philnnthropist wlnse gercrcsity u:asfanwd. generous adiecthn 1. Willing to give of oneselfand one'spossessions: He b a gewous contributor. T?tr;;t's generursof Vat 2. Characterizedby bounteousSrirg' a generuts dhnrce settlenwt; rDa"s generou"s rpith her money. 3. Characterizedby abundanceia generou.s seruingof potatoes. generOUSneSS noun The.quality or stateof being generous. genesls noun l. The act or processof bringing or being brought into existence. 2..T" stageof a developmentalprocess. "Tti"l genfal adiectioe l. Characterizedbv kindnessand warm. unaffected courtesy. 2. Pleasant and friendlv. geniality noun Qe quality of being pleasant and friendly. genlUs rroun 1. An innate capability. 2. Liveliness and vivacity of imagination. genteef adiectioe 1. Marked by excessiveconcern for propriety and good form: a gmteel abhorence of plain speaking.

2. Characterized by good manners.

4L6 global, inclusive, large, overall, sweeping, wide-ranging, wide-reaching, widespread. 3. cor'auoN adiectioe. 4. coMlror.r adiecthse. 5, Syns: divers, diverse, diversified,

6.

1. Syns; breed, cause, engender, hatch, induce, provoke, spawn, stirt (up), touch off. 2. pnooucr. 3. orvrr,op. CENERAL.

Syns: big-heartedness, freehandedness, generousness,great-heartedness,liberality, magnanimity, magnanimousness, munifi cence, openhandedness. l. Syns; big, big-hearted, great-hearted, large-hearted, magnanimous, unselfish. 2. Syns: free, freehanded, handsome, liberal, munificent, openhanded, unsparing, unstinting. 3, Syns; abundant, ample, bounteous, bountiful, copious, liberal, plenteous, plentiful. GENEROSITY. l. spcrr\rNtNc noun, 2. smrH nxun. l. cnecrous. 2. avhsr,n. AMIABILITY. 1. rer-Bllr. 2. rrnp noun, l. Syns; bluenosed, missish, old-maidish, precise, prim, prissy, proper, prudish, puritanical, strait-laced, stuffy (Informal), tightJaced, Victorian. -Idimn prim and proper. 2. counreous.

gentility nuun People of the higlrest social level. gentle a.d.iectioe 1. Of a kindly, considerate character: a gentl.emother. 2. Free from severity or violence, as in movement: a gmtb slnwner breeze. 3. Easily managed or handled: a gentb horse.

SOCIETY. l. Syns; mild, soft, softhearted, tenderr, tenderhearted. 2. Syns: balmy, bland, delicate, faint, mild, smooth, soft. 3. Syns; docile, meek, mild, tame.

4t7 4. Not steep or abrupt. 5, Of small intensity. gentle oerb l. To ease the anger or agitation of. 2. To make (an animal) docile: gentled a wild horse. 3. To train to live with and be of use to man.

4. cnauuer.. 5. r,rcnr2. 1. pecrrv. 2. Syns: break, bust (Slang), tame. 3. noursucATE.

gentry twun People of the highest social level.

SOCIETY.

genuflectionrnun An inclination of the head or body, as in greeting, consent, courtesy, submission, or worship. genuine adiectioe 1. Devoid of any hypocrisy or pretense: gerwine gri'ef.

2. Not counterfeit or copied.

genuinely adoerb In point of fact. genUlneness noun The quality of being authentic. gefm noun L. Med. A minute organismusu.producingdisease: inf.uerun gerftus. 2. A sourceof further growth and development:genns of iloubt; the germ of a new idea. germane adiectioe Relatedto the matter at hand. gefmanenesS rwun The fact of being related to the matter at hand. geSt or geste rwun L. Archaic. Behaviorthroughwhich one revealsone's personality. 2. Archai,c. A great or heroic deed. gestation noun The condition of carrying a developing fetus within the uterus. geste twun gesticulate oerb To make bodily motions so as to convey an idea or complement speech. 'rwun gesticulalion An expressive, meaningful bodily movement. gesture noun l. An expressive, meaningful bodily movement: made an ernphatic gesture of disapproaal. 2. Something that takes the place of words in communicating a thought or feeling. gesture oerb To make bodily motions so as to convey an idea or complement speech: gestured to me to be quiet; gestured as she d,escribed the accident. get oerb 1. To come into possessionof: Where did you get that expensiae car? 2. To succeed in communicating with. 3. To receive, as wages, for one's labor. 4. To acquire as a result of one's behavior or effort. 5. To cause to be in a certain state or to undergo a particular experience or action: got ready; get the car washed; got her anry, 6. To become affected with a disease. 7. To gain knowledge or mastery of by study.

BOW rWUn,

l.

Syns: heartfelt, heart-whole, hearty, honest, real, sincere, true, unaffected, unfeigned.

2. eurnnrvrrc. ACTUALLY.

1. Syns; bvg(lnformal), microbe, microorganism (a/so micro-organism ). 2. Syns: bud, embryo, kernel, nucleus, seed, spark. RELEVANT. RELEVANCE. 1. srARrNc.

2. rrer. PREGNANCY.

sEEgest. cnsrunn oarb.

GESTURE TWUN.

l. Syns; gesticulation, sign, signal. 2. rxpnnssroN.

motion,

Syns; gesticulate, moUon, sign, signal, signalize. -ldiom give the high sign.

1. Syns; acquire, come by, gain, land, obtain, pick up, procure, secule, win. 2. nnecn. 3. Benn. 4. ranN. 5. Syns; have, make.

6. coxrnecr 7. r.ranw.

oerb.

get about

418

8. lnfonnal. To perceive and recognize the meaning of. 9. Informal. To perceive, esp. barely or fleetingly. 10. To obtain from another source. 11. To be the biological father of. 12. To gain possessionof, esp. after a struggle or chase. 13. To obtain possessionor control of. 14. To come to be. 15. Inforrrnl. To evoke a usu. strong mental or emotional responsefrom. 15. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, esp. by repeated vexations. 17. Regiorwl b Infomnl. To leave hastily. get about oerb To become known far and wide: The rrcus got about aery quickly. get across oerb To make known. get ahead aerb To gain wealth or fame. get along oerb 1. To live or act together in harmony: a family that got along well. 2. To progress or perform adequately, esp. in difficult circumstances. 3. To go forward, esp. toward a conclusion. 4. To gow old. get around oerb 1. To become known far and wide. 2. To keep away from. 3. To evade, as a topic, esp. by circumlocution. get behind oerb To aid the cause of by approving or favoring. get by aerb To progress or perform adequately, esp. in difficult circumstances. get in oerb To come to a particular place. get off terb Informal. To go about the initial step in doing (something). get on urb 1. To gow old. 2. To live or act together in harmony, 3. To put (an article of clothing) on one's person. 4. To gain wealth or fame. get out oerb l. To leave hastily. 2. To be made public. get to aerb To reach a goal or objective. get together oerb l. To come together. 2. To bring together. 3. To come to an understanding or to terms. get naun A group consisting of those descended directly from the same parents or ancestors.

get about get across get ahead get along

oerb oerb oerb oerb

8. uxnnnsreuo. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

ctrcu oerb. oenrvr. rnrrrnn aerb. rnxn oerb. caprunn. sncoNan. erprcrr.

16. aNNov. 17. nuN oerb. Syns: circulate, get around, go around, spread, travel. -Idiom make the rounds. COMMUNICATE. SUCCEED.

1 . Syns; cotton (Informnl), get on, harmonize. -ldiam

2 . MANAGE. 3. coun. 4. rcn oerb.

1 .GET ABOUT. 2 . AVOID. 3 . sxtnr aerb. supponr oerb. MANAGE,

ARRIVE.

srtnr xerb.

l. 2. 3. 4.

ncn aerb. cnr ALoNG. pox. succnro. nuv oerb. COME OUT.

ARRtvE AT at arnve.

1 . ASSEMBLE. 2 . ASSEMBLE. 3 . AGREE. PROGEI{Y.

sEEget. sEE get. sEEget. sEEget.

hit it off,

ghoul

419 get around oerb getaway noun get away oerb 1. To break loose and leave suddenly, as from confinement or from a difficult or threatening sifuation. 2. To move or proceed away from a place. getaway rwun The act or an instance of escaping, as from confinement or difficulry.

get behind oerb get by oerb get in aerb get off oerb get on oerb get out oerb gettabf e a.d;iecthse Capableof being obtainedor used. get to oerb get together aerb getup noun get up oerb l. To leaveone'sbed: got up at seoen. 2. To adopt a standingposture:Thefootball player got up after being tackled. getup nnun A set or style of clothing. get-up-and-go rwun l. lnfornnl. An aggressive readinessto undertake ta:ringefforts. 2. Infornwl. Capacityor power for work or vigorous activity. gewgaW noun A small,showyarticle. ghastfy adieciioe 1. Shockinglyrepellent: the ghastly sight of stansing refugeechild,ren. 2. Causingor able to causefear. 3. Gruesomelysuggestiveof ghostsor death:A ghastly figurt loonwdry.The dyingmanhad a ghastly pallor. 4. Verv bad. 'twun ghost 1. A supernaturalbeing: thought she sausthe ghost of her great-grandnnther.

2. A slight amount. ghost oerb To write for and credit authorshipto another:She ghostedthe queen'sautobiography. ghbstlike ailiecth>e -Gruesomelysuggestiveof ghostsor death. ghostly adiectiae _Gruesomelysuggestiveof ghostsor death. ghostwrite oerb To write for and credit authorshipto another. ghoul noun A perverselybad, cruel, or wicked person.

sEEget. snn get away. L. r.sctpe oerb.

2. co aerb. ESCAPE |INUN,

sm get. sEEget. snn get. sEEget. sEEget. sEEget. AVAILABLE.

snn get. sEE get. sEEget up. 1. Syns; arise, pile out, rise, roll out, turn out, uprise . -ldiun rise and shine. 2. Syns: rise, stand up, uprise, upspnng. to one'sreet' ,:::get 1. onrvn nutn. 2. rNBncv.

NOVELTY.

1. Syns; grim, grisly, gluesome, hideous, horrible, horrid, lurid, macabre. 2. rnenrur-. 3. Syns: cadaverous, corpselike, deadly, deathlike, deathly, ghostlike, ghostly, mortuary, spectral. 4. rrnnrsr,n. 1. Syns; apparition, bogle, bogr (also bogey, bogie), bugbear (Archaic), eidolon, haunt (Regional), phantasm (aho phantasma), phantom, revenant, shade, shadow, specter, spectrum, spirit, spook, umbra, visitant, wraith. 2. sneop nau,n. " Syns; ghostwrite, spook (Slonil.

::'.'::"*

420

ghoulish ghouf ish adiectiae Perverselybad, cruel, or wicked. giant rwun One that is extraordinarilylarge and powerful: a giant of a lirwbacker;a literary giant; a glant anwng corporatioru. giant adiectitse Of extraordinarysizeand power: a giant football player; a giant interlockingconglornerate.

gibber aerb To talk rapidly, incoherently, or indistinctly. gibberish noun l. Wordy, unclear jargon: couldn't understand goDemnwnt gibberish.

2. Unintelligible or foolish talk. 3. Esoteric, formulaic, and often incomprehensible speech relating to the occult: the $bberish of usitches. gibbet aerb To execute by suspending by the neck. gibe at oerb To make fun of. giddiness noun A sensation of whirling or falling. giddy adiectioe 1. Given to lighthearted silliness: giddy youngsters.

2. Producing dizziness or vertigo: a giddy height. 3. Having a sensation of whirling or falling.

gift

,;;:r"moth, Goriath, jumbo, Ieviathan, mammoth, monster, titan, whopper. Syns: Antaean, behemothic, Brobdingnagian, Bunyanesque,colossal, cyclopean, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, gigantean, gigantesque, gigantic, herculean, heroic, huge, immense, jumbo, leviathan, mammoth, massive,massy (Archaic), mastodonic, mighty, monster, monstrous, monumental, mountainous,planetary, prodigious, pythonic, sfupendous, titan, titanic, tremendous, vast, walloping (Informal), whopping. ntnsrn Derb. 1. Syns; abracadabra, double talk, gobbledygook (a/so gobbledegook), jabberwocky (also jabberwock ), mumbo jumbo. 2. eABsr-Brloun. 3. Syns; abracadabra,hocus-pocus, mumbo jumbo.

tt,+Ncoerb. xtotcvtn

aerb.

DIZZINESS.

1. Syns; birdbrained (Slang), dizzy (lnf ormnl), empty-headed, featherbrained, flighty, fribbling, frivolous, frothy, gaga (Slnng), harebrained, lightheaded, scatterbrained, silly, skittish. -Idiom gddy as a goose. 2. Syns: dizzy, dizzying, vertiginous. 3. ovzv adiectioe.

nuun

1. Something bestowed freely: The planer uos a wedding gift. 2. Something given to a charity or cause. 3. An innate capability.

1. Syns; handsel (aho hansel) (Chiefly Brit. ), present2,presentatiun. 2. ooxarroN. 3. rar-rrvr.

gift aerb l. Chiefl.y Brit. To make a gift of. 2. To present with a quality, trait, or power: The Lord has gifted us with good health.

1. cvn. 2. Syns: dower, endow, endue, gird, invest.

gifted adiectiae Having talent: a gifted pianist.

Syns: endowed, talented.

gig nou.n Slang. A post of employment. gigantean ad,iecth:e Of extraordinary size and power.

crANr adiectixe.

give

42L gigantesque adiectioe Of extraorditt"ry size and power. gigantic ad,iectioe Of extraordinarysizeand power. giggle oerb To laugh in a stifled way: children Sugglitryin ckrss. giggle twun A stifled laugh: had a fit of $ggles. gifd tserb l. To give a deceptivelyattractiveappearanceto. .2. To T*" superficiallymore acceptableor appealing. gfmGfaGK naun A small,showyarticle. gimmick nuun l. Slang.A small,specializedmechanicaldevice. 2. Slang.An indirect, usu. cunning meansof gaining an end. .3. Slang,A clever, unexpectednew trick or method. glnger rwun Infonnal. A lively, emphatic, eagerquality or manner. gingerliness noun Careful forethoughtto avoid harm or risk. gingerly a.diectioe Ttlong attenUvelyto avoid danger,risk, or effor. gip oerb gird oerb 1. To prepare (oneself)for action: sol.diersgrrding themseloesfor the fonhcoming battl,e.

crANr a.diectioe. crANT adiectioe. Syns: snicker (also snigger), tehee orteehee, titter. Syns: snicker (aho snigger), tehee or teehee, titter. l. cot oa oerb. 2. swnpmN. NOVELTY.

1. cencnr. 2. rnrcr rwun. 3. wnrrre. Syns; countless,immeasurable, incomputable,inestimable,infinite, irunumerable, measureless, uncountable.

incandesce oerb 1. To emit a bright light. 2. To shine brightly and steadily but without a fame. adiecthse incandescent Giving off or refecting light readily or in large amounts.

l. sn^Moerb. 2. crow oerb. BRIGHT.

incapability rwun l. lhe condition or state of being incapable of accomplishing or effecting anything. 2. Lack of ability or capacity. adiectioe incapable 1. Unable to manage for oneself. 2. Lacking capability. 3. Lacking the qualities, as efficiency or skill, required to produce desired results.

l. rrverrncruAlrrY. 2. rr.IABu,rrY. l. nnr-pr,Bss. 2. neonguern. 3. rrvnrrrcnNrr.

incapacitate oerb To render powerlessor motionlessby inficting severe inj.rry. incapacity naun Lack of ability or capacity. incarcerate oerb To put in jail. incarnate oerb . To rep.resent(an abstraction)in or as if in bodily form. fncafnatlOn noun A physical entity typifying an abstraction. incautious adiectitse Lacking or showinga lack of a senseof responsibility. incensel- oerb To causeto feel or showanger. incense2 rr/oun Excessive,ingratiating praise. incensed adiecthse Feelingor showinganger. incentive nuun Somethingthat causesand encouragesa glven response. inception rwun l. The inifial stageof a developmentalprocess. 2. The act or processof bringingor being brought into existence.

DISABLE.

INABILITY.

yxrr oerb. EMBODY.

IRRESPONSTBLE. eNcpn

oarb.

FLATTERY. ANGRY.

STIMULUS.

1. ernrH nuun. 2. sBcrNNrNcrwun.

inceptive inceptive adiectioe . Indicating the start of something. incertitude rwun A lack of convictionor certainty. incessant adiectioe - Existingor occurringwithout intemrpUonor end. inch oerb To advanceslowly. inchoate adiectiie Ilaving no distinct shape. incidenl rurun l. Somethingthat happens. 2. Somethingsignificantthat happens. incident adiectioe Archaic. Not part of the real or essentialnatureof a thittg. incidental odiectioe . \ot pa.t oj the real or essentialnature of a thing. fnGlse oerb l. To penetratewith a sharpedge. 2. To cut (a designor inscription)into a hard surface, . . 9sp.for printing. fnGlslOn rwrun The result of cutting. incisive adiec'tioe 1. Having or suggesting keen, discerningintellect: an incisioeanalysisof the problnn. . 2.. F sharp as to causemental pain. fnCfSlYeneSSnoun A cutting qudity. incitation nmun Somethingthat incitesesp.a violent response. incite unlb To stir to action or feeling. incitemenl rnun Somethingthat incitesesp.a violentresponse. "nnun incivility Lack of proper respect. inclination nuun l. Deviationfrom a particular direction: an inclination of 45" frorn the horizontal. 2. An innate capability. 3. A liking or personalpreferencefor something. incf ine oerb 1. To depart or causeto depart from true vertical or horizontal:Thefagtole ircIines toward the roof. 2. To influenceor be influencedin a certain direction. 3. To havea tendencyor inclination. incline rwun Deviationfrom a particular direction. incfined ad,iectioe l. Departingfrom true vertical or horizontal:an irrclhwdpbne. 2. Having or showinga tendencyor likelihoo& inclhwd to take offerweeasily. 3. Disposedto acceptor agree. incfude aerb To have as an integral pa.t. inclusive adiectiw Coveringa wide scope.

BEGTNNTNG adiectioe. DOUBT NAUN. CONTINUAL.

cntwr oerb. SHAPELESS.

l. crnculrsrANcE. 2. rl'nl{r. ACCTDENTAT adiectioe.

ACCTDENTAT adiectioe. l. cur aerb. 2. nxcnaw.

cvT fwun. t. Syns: acute, biilng, clear-cut, penetrating, perceptive, probing, sharp, shrewd, trenchant. 2. nrrrNc. EDGE NOUN, STIMULUS. PROVOKE. STIMULUS.

DISRESPECT.

l. Syns; cantr, gradient, incline, slope, slant, tilt. 2. ramNr. 3. rasrr noun. 1. Syns; cantl, heel2, leanl, listz, rakez, slant, slope, tilt, tip2. 2. nrspose. 3. rnuol. INCLINATION.

l. Syns; canted, pitched, sloped, sloping, tilted, tilting, tipped. 2. Syns: apt, disposed,given, liable, Iikely, prone, susceptible. 3. wrr-uNc. CONTAIN. GENERAL.

Inconsequence

495 incomer nou,n One that arrives. incommode oerb To causeinconveniencefor. incommodious adiectioe distress. 1. Causingself-conscious 2. Causinqdifficulw, trouble, or discomfort. inco mm unic able' adie c ti o e 1. Tendingto keep one'sthoughtsand emotionsto oneself. 2. That cannot be described. adiectirse incomparable Without equal or rival. adiectioe incompatible Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency. ad;iectirse incompetent 1. Totally incapable of doing a job: ueed out a feu; incornpetent employees. 2. Lacking capability. 3. Lacking the qualiUes, as efficiency or skill, required to produce desired results. adiectioe incomplete Lacking an essenUalelement. noun incomplialtGe or incompliancy The quality or state of being stubbornly unyielding.

ARRIVAL. rNCorwENIENcn oerb. 1. nlleennAsslNc. 2. rNcorsvrNIENT. l. nnsnnwn. 2. uNspnaxenr-r. UNIQUE. INCONGRUOUS.

1. Syns;unfit, unqualified. 2. rrveonquern. 3. rwBpprcrcwr.

DEFICIENT. OBSTINACY.

incompliancy noun incompliant adiectiae

snr incompliance.

Tenaciously unwilling to yield. adiecthse incomprehensible Incapable of being grasped by the intellect or trnderstanding: spoke an iru:ompreheruible dialect; a d,ecision that is incornprehensible to me. incompressible adiectitse Unyielding to pressure or force. adiectioe incomputable Too great to be calculated. ad,iectioe inconcbivable 1. Not plausible or believable. 2. Not to be believed. adiectioe incongruent 1. In shalp opposition. 2. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency.

OBSTINATE.

Syns; impenetrable, unfathomable, uncomprehensible, unintelligible.

pIRul.

INCALCULABLE,

l. tti.rpr-eusrsr-r. 2. Ncnsomlr. 1. coNrr-rcrrNc. 2. rNcoxcnuous.

incongruity noun A marked lack of correspondence or agreement. incongruous adiectioe 1. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in consistency: a hodgepodge of incongruorc literary styles. 2. In sharp opposition. 3. Not suited to circumstances. inconquerable adiectioe Incapable of being conquered, overrun, or subjugated. inconscient ad:iectitse So lost in thought as to be unaware of one's surroundings. inconscious adiectioe Lacking consciousness.

GAP.

1. Syns; disconsonant, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incompaUble, incongruent, inconsistent. 2. cowrr.rcrrNc. 3. rupnoprn. INVINCIBLE. ABSENT-MINDED.

UNCONSCIOUS.

inconsequence rwun l. Lack of importance. 2. Contemptible unimportance.

L. rNorrrnnENCE.

2. prrrrwnss.

inconsequent

496

inconsequent adiectiae Contemptiblyunimportant. inconsequential adiectioe 1. Not of geat importance. 2. Contemptiblyunimportant. inconsiderabb' ad.iecitoe Contemptiblyunimportant. inconsiddratd adiectiae Devoid of considerationfor others'feelings. inconsiderateness nf,run A lack of considerationfor others'feelings. inconsideration noun A lack of considerationfor others'feelings. inconsistency rwun A markedlack of correspondence or agreement. inconsistent a.diectioe l. Following no predictablepattern. 2. In sharpopposition. 3. Made up of parts or qualiUesthat are disparateor otherwisemarkedlylackingin consistency. inconsonant adiectioe Devoid of harmonyand accord. inconspicuous a.iliechoe Not readily noticed or seen:an irrconspicuous fo*; o disgrocedPresidentwho liaed an inconspicuouslife as a Wtnte citizen. inconstanl adiectioe Following no predictablepattern. incontestable adiectioe Establishedbeyonda doubt. incontinence nnun A completesurrenderof inhibitions. incontinent adiectiae Lackingin moral restraint. incontrovertible a.diectioe Establishedbeyonda doubt. inconvenience rroun 1. The stateor quatity of being inconvenientzthe inconomierrcecatned by poor lighting. 2. Somethingthat causesdifficulty, trouble, or lack of ease:Risdngbeforedaumuos an itworwenietrce. inconvenience wrb her by To causeinconveniencefor: ircorwenierrced . anioinglnte. fnCOnYenlenGy noun The stateor quality of being inconvenient. inconvenient adiecth:e 1. Not accessibleor handy: an incont:enientlocationfor a shop. 2. Difficult to handleor manage. 3. Causingdifficulty, trouble, or discomfort:Being witlwut modernphrmbing utasintorwenient. 4. Not occurringat a favorabletime: an intonoenient aryoinhrcnt. incorporate oerb 1. To construct or include as an integral or permanent part. 2, To makea part of a united whole. incorporated d,iectioe Constructed as a nondetachablepart of a larger unit.

PETTY.

1. r.rrrre. 2. pnrw. PETTY.

THOUCHTLESSNESS. THOUGHTLESSNESS. GAP.

l. cepnrcrous. 2. coNrr-rcrrNc. 3. wcoNcnuous.

INHARMONIOUS.

Syns; obscure, unconspicuous, unnoticeable, unobtru sive. - Idiom having (or keeping) a low profile. CAPRICIOUS. CERTAIN. ABANDON NOUN. ABANDONED. CERTAIN.

1. Syns: discomfort, inconveniency, trouble. 2. Syn: discomfort.

Syns; discomfort, incommode, put out, trouble. INCOIWENIENCE

NOUN.

l. Syns; inaccessible,unhandy. 2. ewxweno. 3. Syns: dfficult, disadvantageous, discomforting, incommodious, troublesome. 4. Syns: ill-timed, inopportune, untimely.

1. surl-o rN at build. 2. nunonv. BUILT-IN.

Incur

497 incorporeal adiectiae Having no body, form, or substance. incorrect adiectioe l. Containing an error or errors. 2. Devoid of truth. noun incorruptibility also incorruptibleness The quality of being honest. incorruptible adiectioe Having or marked by uprightness in principle and action. incorruptibleness noun increase oerb l. To make or become greater or larger: increasedher incorne; dfficulties that seemed to inrrease dnily.

2. To achieve an increment of gradually. 3. To become greater in number, amount, or intensity. 4. To achieve an increment of gradually. increase noun 1, The act of increasing or rising: seasorutl inneases in sales; property oalues showing an intrease; an innrease in erwvny inf,ltration. 2. The amount by which something is increased: a wage increase of $50 per month. 3. The result or product of building up. incredible adiectioe 1. Not to be believed: an incredible blunder; a ueapon of incredible pouer.

2. So remarkable as to elicit disbelief. 3. Not plausible or believable.

incredulity noun The refusal or reluctance to believe.

incredulous adiectioe Refusing or reluctantto believe:tryingto reassure inoedalow

custom,ers.

incremenl rwun 1. The result or product of building up. 2. The amount by which something is increased.

incriminate uerb To make an accusation against. incriminating adiectirse . Containing, relating to, or involving an accusation. lnGflmlnallOn rmun A charging of someone with a misdeed. incriminative adiectioe . Containing, relating to, or involving an accusation. InCrlmlnatOf noun One that accuses. inculcate oerb 1. To-fix (an idea) in someone's mind by re-emphasis and repetition. 2. To instruct in a body of doctrine or belief. inculpate oerb To make an accusation against.

IMMATERIAL.

l. rnnounous. 2. rer-sB. HONESTY. HONEST.

snn incorruptibility. 1. Syns; aggrandize, amplify, augment, beef up (Slnng), build up, enlarge, expand, extend, grow, magnfy, mount, multiply, run up, snowball, swell, upsurge, wax. 2. cxv aerb. 3. nrsn oerb. 4. ctrN oerb. 1. Syns; augmentation, boost, enlargement, growth, hike, j.r*p, multiplicaUon, rise, upswing, upturn. 2. Syns: advance, boost, enlargement, hike, increment, j,t*p, raise, rise. 3. nun-o-ur at build up. l. Syns; impossible, inconceivable, preposterous, unbelievable, unimaginable, unthink able. - Idiams beyond belief, contrary to all reason. 2. renur-ous. 3. rMpr-ausrsr,B. DISBELIEF.

Syns; disbelieving, Ieery Qnformal), questioning, skeptical, unbelieving. 1. surlo-ue at build up. 2. rucnresg rwun. ACCUSE. ACCUSATORIAL. ACCUSATION. ACCUSATORIAL. ACCUSER.

1. rupnnss oerb. 2. n+oocrnrNATE. ACCUSE.

incumbency noun the holding of something,suchas a position. incur oerb To take upon oneself.

TE}ruRE.

ASSUME.

incurable

498

incurable adiectiae HOPELESS. . Offering no hope or expectationof improvement. fnCUrfOUS adiectioe Lackinginterestin one'ssurroundingsor worldly DETACHED. affairs. incursion ru)un An act of invading,esp.by military forces. INVASION. indebted adiectiae Owing something,asgratitudeor appreciation,to another. OBLIGED. indebtedness rwtr,n Something,suchas money,owed by one personto DEBT, another. indecency rmu,n 1. The quality or stateof being obscene. l . OBSCENITY. 2. An improperact or statement. 2 . IMPROPRIETY. indecent adiectine 1. Offensiveto acceptedstandardsof decency. 1 . OBSCENE. 2. Not in keepingwith conventionalmores. 2 . IMPROPER. indecision nnun The act or an instanceof hesitating. HESITATION, indecisive adiecth:e 1. Not affordingcertainty. 1. evercuous. 2. Given to or exhibitinghesitation. 2. HssrrANr. indecisiveness rwun The act or an instanceof hesitating. HESITATION. indecorous adiectioe Not in keepingwith conventionalmores. IMPROPER. indecorum rwun An improper act or statement. IMPROPRIETY. indeed adaerb 1. Not just this but also. 1. nveNrladoerb. 2. In truth. 2. np.lrrv. 3. In point of fact. 3. ecruer.lv, indefatigable adiectioe Having or showinga capacityfor protracted effort, TIRELESS. regardlessof difficulty or frustration. indeTectible adiectirse PERFECT adiectirse. Supremelyexcellentin quality or nature. indefensible adiectioe INEXCUSABLE. Impossibleto excuse,pardon,or justify. indefinable adiectioe UNSPEAKABLE. That cannotbe described. indefinite adiectioe 1. Syns; indeterminate, inexact, 1. Lackingpreciselimits: pbrw to be away for an undetermined. indefiniteperiod. 2. Syns: open, uncertain, undecided, 2. Marked by lack of firm decisionor commitment;of undetermined, unresolved, unsettled, questionableoutcome:oacationplmu that are still unsure, vague. -ldirnn up in the air. infufinite. 3. uncr,ren. 3. Not clearly perceivedor percepUble. indefiniteness rlaun VACUENESS. The quality or stateof being ambiguous. indefibfe adiectitse rlsr adiectiae. Permanentlyresistiveto fading. indelicacy rwun IMPROPRIETY. An improper act or statement. indelicate adiectioe 1. rupnopnn. 1. Not in keepingwith conventionalmores. 2. racrr,Bss. 2. Lacking sensitivityand skill in dealingwith others. indemnification nouxt, COMPENSATION. Somethingto makeup for lossor damage. indemnificatory adiectioe COMPENSATORY. Affording compensation.

indictment

499 indemnify oerb To give compensationto. indemnity rwun Somethingto make up for lossor damage. indent rrxu,n The visible effect madeon a surfaceby pressure. indentation noun The visible effect madeon a surfaceby pressure. indented adiecthse t Curving inward. independence noun 1. The capacityto manageone'sown a.ffairs,make one'sown judgments,and provide for oneself: shorpedher hdependenceby gettr,nga iob and, mooingout. 2. The conditionof being politically free. independent ad;iectine 1. Free from the influence,guidance,or control of otlrers:an independentmind. 2. Having political independence. 3. Able to supportoneselffinancially:a iob that made her independent. indescribable adiecthse That cannotbe described. indeterminate ad;iectioe 1. Not affordingcertainty. 2. Lacking preciselimits. index nnun Somethingvisible or evident that gives groundsfor believingin the existenceor presenceof something else. indicate oerb 1. To give groundsfor believingin the existenceor presenceof: Hi.ghunernploymentuxnlly ind,icatesa sickeconorng. 2. To make known or identify, as by signs. 3. To lead to by logical inference. 4. To give reasonfor expecting. 5. To give a preciseindicationof, as on a registeror scale. indication rwun 1. Somethingvisible or evident that givesgroundsfor believingin the existenceor presenceof something else. 2. A subtlepointing out. 3. Somethingthat takesthe place of words in communicatinga thought or feeling. 4. An expressive,meaningfulbodily movement. indicative adiectilse l. Servingto designateor indicate. 2. Servingas a s)rmbol. indicator nnun Somethingvisible or evident that givesgroundsfor believingin the existenceor presenceof something else. indicatory adiectine Servingto designateor indicate. indict oerb To make an accusationagainst. indicter rraun indictmenl rwun Lau. A chargingof someonewith a misdeed.

COMPENSATE. COMPENSATION. IMPRESSTON. TMPRESSION. HoLLow

adiectine.

1. Syns; self-determination, self-reliance, self-suficiency.

2. rnpnoorr,r. 1. Syns: self-contained, self-reliant, selfsuficient. 2. r'nnr adiectitse. 3. Syns; self-suficient, self-supporting.

1. elrsrcuous. 2. rr.toprfi,urrn. SIGNraoln.

1. Syns; ilBue, attest, bespeak, betoken, mark, point to, testify, witness. 2. 3. 4. 5.

onsrcNerr. rurpr,y. pnoursr oerb. suow oerb.

1. stcl rwtrn.

2. rrrNr twu.n. 3. rxpnessroN. 4. cnsrunr rwrut. 1. onsrcwerrvs. 2. svlrsolrc. slGN fwttn.

DESIGNATIVE.

ACCUSE.

ses indictor. ACCUSATTON.

indictor indictor dso indicter twun One that accuses. indifference ruxun l. Lack of importance:Their aryorsal is a matter of cornpleteindifferenceto me. 2. Lack of emotionor interest. indifferenl adiectine 1. Free from bias in judgment. 2. Of moderatelygood quality but lessthan excellent. 3. Without emotionor interest. 4. Lacking interest in one's surroundingsor worldly affairs. indigence dso indigency nou,n The conditionof being extremelypoor. indigency rwun indigenous adiectioe l. Existing born, or produced naturally in a land or region: plnnts indigmow to the Neu World; a diseaseindigercus to the Far fust. 2. Of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual. indigent adiectitse Having little or no moneyor wealth. indigent rwun An impoverishedperson. indigesfible adiectioe Dlficult to accept. indignant adiectiae . Feeling.or showinganger. fnClgnatlOn na.rn A strongfeeling of displeasureor hostility. indignity rw.tn An act that offendsa person'ssenseof pride or dignity: wfered the indignity of being igrwred by his oum childrm. indirect adiectioe 1. Not taking a direct or straiglrtline or course:mnde an htdirect approachto the painful subiect. 2. Marked by treacheryor deceit. indirection r,nun Lack of straiglrdorwardness and honestyin action: achiew a goal by indirection. indiscernible odiectioe Incapableof being apprehendedby the mind or the senses. indiscriminate ad;iecthse Having no particular pattern, pu{pose,organizaUon,or structure. indispensable adiectine Incapableof being dispensedwith. indisposed a.d;iectioe l. Not inclined or willing to do or undertake: indisposedto interfere in their quanel 2. Affected or tending to be affectedwith minor health problems. indisposition noun 1. A minor illness,esp.one of a temporarynature: losl a d,a.y'swork becauseof an indisposition. 2. The condiUonof being sick. 3. The stateof not being disposedor inclined: ?ha

500 ACCUSER.

1. Syns; inconsequence,insignificance (a/so insignificancy ), unimportance. 2. epe.rrrv. 1. 2. 3. 4.

rern. eccrsrenr-s. eperHprtc. oerecnro.

POVERTY.

snn indigence. l. Syns; endemic, native.

2. cor.lsnrurloNAl

adiectioe.

POOR. PAUPER |IAUN,

BrrrER adiectiae. ANGRY. ANGER rWUN.

Syns; a.ffront, contumely, despite, insult, offerue, outrage. -Idiom slap in the face.

1. Syns; an-fractuous,circuitous, circular, oblique, roundabout, tortuous. 2, uNnnnserrr. Syns: chicanery, craft, craftiness, deviousness,dishonesty,shadiness,sl;mess, sneakiness,trickery, trickiness, underhandedness.

RANDOM,

ESsENTTAL adiectioe. 1. Syns: averse, disinclined, loath (aho loth), reluctant, unwilling. 2. slcxr-v.

1. Syns; ailment, complaint, rockiness. 2. srcxrvrss. 3. Syns; averseness,disinclination,

501 slowness of her response rersealed an ind,i,sposition to h"lp. adiectioe indisputable f . in agreement or correspondence with fact. 2. Established beyond a doubt. ad,lectioe indistinct Not clearly perceived or percepUble.

reluctance, unwillingness.

1. ecruer.. 2. cBnrerN. UNCLEAR.

indistinctive adiectioe Without definite or disUncUve characteristics.

indistinguishable ad,iectioe by the mindor the of beingapprehended Incapable

NEUTRAL. IMPERCEPTIBLE.

senses.

indite oerb 1. To form letters, characters, or words on a surface with an instrument. 2. To form by artistic effort. adiecth:e individual 1. Being or related to a distinct enUty: the indioi'&nl uords tlmt fiwke u.p a sentetrce. 2. Serving to identify or set apart an individual or gouP. 3. Belonging to, pertaining to, or affecting a particular person. 4. bt relating to, or intended for a distinctive thing or

1. wntrn. 2. corvrPosr. 1. Syns; discrete, separate, single, singular. 2. orsrrxcrrvr. 3. pBnsoNer,. 4. sprcrer..

souP. individualnoun l. One that exists independently. 2. A member of the human race.

1. rnrxc. 2. nuueN BEINc.

individualism rmtrn The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable.

IDENTTTY.

individualist adiecthse with the personratherthanwith society. Concerned individualistic adiectioe

adiectioe. EGocENTRTc

Concerned with the person rather than with society.

rc ad;iectioe. EGocENTR

individuality nou.n l. The quality of being individual: a slouly emerglng serwe of ind,ioifunlity. 2. The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable.

ihdividualize oerb To make noticeableor different. indocile ailiectioe Not submittingto disciplineor control. indoctrinate oerb 1. To instruct in a body of doctrine or belief: lectures intmded to indnctritwte patriotisrn in soldiss. 2.To teach to accept a system of thought uncritically: prisoners ind,octrinated by a system of rewards and,

1. S/ns; discreteness, distinctiveness, particularity, separateness,singrlarity. 2. rpprtrrrv.

DISTINGUISH. UNRULY.

L. Syns: drill, inculcate, 2. Syns: brainwash,

punishments. indolence rwun LAZINESS. The quality or stateof being lazy. indolent a.diectioe uzt adiecthse. Resistantto exertion and activity. indomitable adiectine 1. l. Incapableof being negotiatedor overcome. 2. urvnur-v. 2. Not submittingto disciplineor control. indubitable a.diecthse 1. cpnreru. 1. Establishedbevond a doubt. 2. eurnrwrrc. 2. Not counterfeitor copied. induce oerb l. To succeedin causing(a person)to act in a certainway. 1. prnsuepr.

inducement give- rise to a particular development. ?. \" 3. To be the cause of.

inducement noun

1. A tendencyto cause or bring on. 2. Something that attracts, esp. with the promise of pleasue or reward. induit terb l. To enroll compulsorily in military service. 2. To admit formally intb memb".ririp or office, as with ritual.

502 2. crxnnarn. 3. cnusn aerb, l. nwrratroN. 2. r,unr nuun.

l. on*r aerb. 2. mrctrrn oerb.

induction rwun 1. Compulsory enrollment in military service. 2, The act or process of formally admitting a person to membership or office inductive adiectioe Prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business. indufge aerb l. To treat with indulgence and often overtender care. 2. To involve oneself ir (.n activity). 3. To gant or have what is demanded by (a need or desire). 4. To comply with the wishes or ideas of (another). 5. To take extravagant pleasure.

indulgence rwun

1. A kindly act. 2. Forbearing or lenient treatrnent. - 9. -A" act requiring special generosity. indufgent adiectit:e l. Not strict or severe. 2. Ready to do favors for another.

indurate' r:erb

l. onarr noun. 2. rNrrrertoN.

PRELIMINARY.

l. strv Derb. 2. penrrctpATE. 3. serrsry. 4. suv.on oerb. 5. Luxunllrs. 1. ravon noun. 2. rol-rner.rcr. 3. counrnsy. 1. ror-enexr. 2. onr.rcncc.

1. To make resistant to hardship, esp. through continued exposure. 2. To make or become physically hard.

2. nanprx.

Characterized by steady attention and efiort.

DILIGENT,

industrious odiectiw

industriousness nnun

. Steady attention and effort, as to one's occupation.

industry noun

l. Commercial, industrial, or professional activity in general. . ?. Slgldy attention and efiort, as to one's occupation. indwef fing a.diectioe Of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual.

1,. qanonN.

DILIGENCE.

1. suslNnss. 2. ou-rcpNcr. coNSTrrurroNALadiectiae.

inebriate oerb To make drunk: a brandy thnt inebriates aith one sip. inebriate adiectitse Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. inebriate rrrun A person who is habitually drunk. inebiiated a.diectioe Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor.

Syn; intoxicate. DRUNKadiectiae. DNUNKAND. DRUNK adiectioe.

inebriation rwun The condiUonof being intoxicatedwith alcoholic liquor. inebriety noun The condition of being intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. ineffable ad,iectitx That cannot be described.

DRUNKENNESS.

inequitableness

503 adiectioe ineffective 1. Not having the desired effect. 2. Having no useful result. noun ineffectiveness 1. The condition or quality of being uselessor ineffective. 2. The condition or state of being incapable of accomplishing or effecting anything. adiectiae ineffectual 1. Not having the desired effect: an fuwffectual remedy for infation. 2. Having no useful purpose. 3. Having no useful result. 4. Not capable of accomplishing anything: an inefectual leader. nuun ineffectuality 1. The condition or state of being incapable of accomplishing or effecting anything: shousedher ineffecttnlity in getting the cooperation of the community. 2. The condition or quality of being uselessor ineffective.

1; INEFFECTUAL.

2. rurrr.n. 1. r'urrr.rrv. 2. nvrrrucruAlrrY. 1. Syns; ineffective, inefficacious, inefficient. 2. usrr-rss. 3. ruru,r. 4. Syns: impotent, inadequate, powerless, weak. 1. Syns; impotence, inadequacy, incapability, ineffectiveness, ineffecfualness, inefficacy, powerlessness. 2. rurrr,rry.

ineffectualness noun 1. The condition or quality of being uselessor ineffective. 2. The condition or state of being incapable of accomplishing or effecting anything. idiectiae inefficacious Not having the desired effect. noun inefficacy 1. The condition or state of being incapable of accomplishing or effecUng anything. 2. The condition or quality of being uselessor ineffective. adiectioe inefficienl 1. Lacking the qualities, as efficiency or skill, required to produce desired results: inefuient workers. 2. Not having the desired effect. adiectioe inefastic Not changing shape or bending. inelegant adiectiae Lacking style and good taste.

1. rurn trv. 2. wrrrncruAr.rrY,

INEFFECTUAL.

1. t*BrrrcruAlrry. 2. rurrr,rrY.

1. Syns; inapt, incapable, incompetent, inept, inexpert, unapt, unskilled, unskillful, unworkmanlike. 2. rNrrrucruAl. RICID.

tecrv2.

inenarra-bld adiecihse That cannot be described. inept adiectioe 1. Not suited to circumstances. 2. Lacking dexterity and gace in physical movement. 3. Lacking the qualiUes, as efficiency or skill, required to produce desired results. 4. Clumsily lacking in the ability to do or perform. 5. Characterized by inappropriateness and gacelessness, esp. in expression.

UNSPEAKABLE.

l. rnrpnopnn. 2. ewxwenn. 3. rwsrrrcrnNT. 4. uwsxrr.r.rur,. 5. urvronrmrere, adiectioe.

inequality nou,n l. The condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree: the ineqrnlity between the rlih and the poor. 2. Lack of smoothness or regularity.

1. Syns: disparity, disproportion.

2. rnnpcur-enrry.

ineguitable ad;iectioe Not fair, right, or just.

UNFAIR.

inequitableness noun Lack of justice.

TNJUSTTCE.

inequity inequity noun Lack of iustice. inert adieaiae . Marked by a lack of action or activity.

inertness nunn

A lack of action or activitv. J inescapable adiectioe Sure to happen. inessentia |' adiectitse Not necessary. inestimable adiectirse l. Too great to be calculated. 2. Of great value. inevitab'le adiectioe - Sure to happen. inexact adiectioe l. Lacking literal exactness. 2. Lacking precise limits. inexcusabfe' adiectioe Impossible to excuse, pardon, or justify: an inexcusable inxtlt.

inexhaustibility nmun of being ^ . Th.e state_-orquality inexhaustible adiectir:e

infinite.

Having or showinga capacityfor protractedefiort, of difficulty or frultration. - regardJgss inexbrable adiectioe 1. Firmly, often unreasonablyimmovablein purposeor will. 2. Having-or showinguncompromisingdetermination or resolutionin purposeor action. inexpensive adiectit:i . Low T price. lnexpeflenGe noun

rNrusTrcE. INACTIVE. INACTION. CERTAIN. UNNECESSARY. 1. rNcar.cuLABLE,

2. var.uaslr. CERTAIN,

LoosE adiectiae. INDEFINITE.

Syns: indefensible, unforgivable, unjusUfiable, unpardonable. INFINITY.

TIRELESS.

1. srussonN. 2. cnru.

CHEAP.

Lack of-exp-erienceand the knowledge gained from uill nnke albwarwes for her inexperi,ence.

Syns: greenness,inexpertness.

Lacking experience and the knowledge gained from it: Irwxperienced emplnyees are seldom paid more than the minimum uage.

Syns.' green, inexpert, raw, unpracticed, unseasoned,untried, unversed.

inexperienced adieciioe

inexpert odiictioe l. Displaying a lackof knowledge or skill. 2. Lacking the qualities, as effic6ncy or skill, required to produce desired results. 3. Lacking experience and the knowledge gained from it.

1. cnuor. 2. nvnrrrcrnNr. 3. rNpxpnnrENCED.

inexpertness nuun and the knowledgegainedfrom it. . t""L of.e.xperience inexpficable adiectiae That cannotbe explained:an irwxplicableburst of atryer. inexpressibfe adiectioe That cannotbe described. inexpressive adiectioe Lacking expression. inextricably adrserb Without regardto desireor inclination. infalf ibfe a.diectioe Suchascould not possiblyfail or disappoint. infamous adiectir:e 1. Deservingstrongcondemnation:guilty of an infarms crime.

INEXPERIENCE.

Syns; unaccountable, unexplainable.

UNSPEAKABLE. EXPRESSIONLESS. HELPLESSLY.

SURE.

1. Syns; abhorrent, despicable, detestable, foul, perfidious, reprehensible, shocking, vile.

infertile

505 2. Known widelY and unfavorablY. rwun infamy 1. Tie condition of being infamous: President Rooseoelt said, that Decnnber 7:1941, $as a dny that uuil'd lhse in infamY. 2. Unfavorable, usu. unsavory renown.

infancy rwun

Inw. The state or period of being under legal age' nou,n infant 1. A very young child. 2. Lau.-One w.ho is not yet legally of age. infant ad:iecth:e Being in an early period of growth or development. adiectioe infantile 1. Of or like a baby. 2. Of or characteristic of a child, esp. in immaturity. ad:iectioe infatuated Afiected with intense romantic attraction: a prirrce infafinted with a chonn glrl.

infatuation twun An extravagant, shortJived romantic attachment: an infatuation with her geography professor. infect oerb 1. To have a destructive effect on. 2. To make morally imPure. adiectine infectious Capable of transmission by infection. adlectioe infecund Unable to produce ofisPring.

2. Notonrous. 1. Syns; disgacefulness, dishonorableness, odiousness, perfidY, shamefulness, villainy, wickedness. 2. rqoronrntv. MINONITY.

1. sABv rwun. 2. urxon twun. YouNc ad,iecthse. 1. saBvrsH. 2. cnrr.orsH. Syns; beguiled, bewitched, captivated, enamored, gone (Slang), mashed (Slnng), smitten. Syns: b6guin (Freruh), cnsh (Infomnl), passion. 1. porsoN oerb. 2. rur.n oorb. COMMUNICABLE. BARREN adiecthse.

infecundity nuun The state or condiUon of being unable to reproduce sexuallv.

STERILITY.

infelicit6us adiectioe Characterized by inappropriateness and gracelessness, esp. in expression. oerb infer 1. To draw a conclusion from evidence or reasoning: Am I to infer that you're rwt going? 2. To draw an inference on the basis of inconclusive evidence or insufficient information.

uNFoRTUNATEadiectioe.

1. Syns; conclude, deduce, deduct, draw, gather, judge. 2. cvnss oerb.

inference nuun A position arrived at by reasoning from premises or general principles. ad;iectioe inferior 1. Of mediocre quality: The inferior cloth quickly disintegrated. 2. Of subordinate standing or importance. inferior nurn One belonging to a lower class or rank. a.d,iecthse infernal 1. So annoFng or detestable as to deserve condemnation. 2. Perversely bad, cruel, or wicked. adfectioe inferred 1. Conveyed indirectly without words or speech. 2. Based on inference, not fact. adiectioe infertile l. Unable to produce offspring. 2. Lacking or unable to produce growing plants or crops.

DEDUCTION.

1. Syns; commoq low-grade, low-quality, mean2, miserable, second-class,secondrate, substandard. 2. urNon adiecthse. SUBORDINATE

TWUN.

1. nerrtvno. 2. rrrrvorsn. 1. rupr.rcrr. 2. pnnsuupnvp. 1. sARnnIYadiectiae. 2. eARnnNadiecthse.

infertility

506

infertility noun The stateor condition of being unableto reproduce sexuallv. infidelitlr noun Betrayal,eqp.of a moral obligation.

STERILITY.

FAITHLESSNESS.

infiltrate n u To introduce gradually and styly. a.diectioe infinite l. Too geat to be calculated. 2. Without beginning or end. 3. Having no ends or limits.

INSINUATE. 1. rNcar,cuLABLE.

2. nrnnwer,. 3. nnor,Bss.

infiniteness rwun The state or quality of being infinite.

INTINITY.

infinitesimal adiectioe So minute as to be undiscernible.

infinity rwun l. The stateor quality of being infinite: Nature's mriety is cbse to infinity. 2. The totality of time without beginningor end. infirm adiecthse 1. Not physicallystrong:too infinn to resannehis dnily unllcs. 2, Rare. Lacking stability. infirmity nnun 1. The conditionof being infirm or physicallyweak: Infnnity often comeswith ol.dage. 2. A pathologicalcondition of mind or body. 3. The conditionof being sick. 4. A liking or personalpreferencefor something. infix wrb To implant so deeply as to makechangenearly impossible. inffame wrb l. To causeto becomesoreor inflamed. 2. To stir to action or feeling. inffamed a^d;iectiw Full of or markedby extremeanger. inffammation noun An instanceof irritating, as of a part of the body. inflate wrb To make (something) seem greater than is acfually the case. adiectioe inflated

Filled up with or as if with somethinginsubstantial:has a highlg - inflated ego. rcun inflatis Divine guidanceand motivation imparted directly. inffection nou.n A particular vocal quality that indicates some emotion or feeling. a.diecthn inffexible l. Incapable of changing or being modified: inferible standards of perfonnrrce.

l. Syns: boundlessness,inexhaustibility, infi niteness, limitlessness. 2. nrsnNrrrY. 1. Syns; decrepit, delicate, feeble, fragile, frail, insubstantial, puny, unsound, unsubstantial, weak, weakly. 2. wsrcunr. 1. Syns; debilitation, debility, decrepitude, feebleness, fragility, f.*ilty, unsoundness,weakliness, weakness. 2. orseesn. 3. srcxr.rrss. 4. wnexNrss. rtx oerb.

l. rnnrrarn, 2. pnovoxn. FURIOUS. IRRITATION.

ExAGGERATE.

Syns:flafulent,overblown,fumescent, windy (chiefs scot ) ::"::t, ToNE.

1. Syns; immutable, inalterable, invariable, ironclad, rigid, stiff, unalterable, unchangeable, unpliant, unyielding. 2' RIGID' 2. Not changing shape or bending. 3. Firmly, often,tnteasonablyimmovable in purpose or will. 3. srussonN.

oerb inff ict 1. To cause to undergo or bear, as something

1. Syns; impose, play, visit, wreak.

infraction

507 unwelcome or damaging : inf.icting putishm.en t ; a stonn that inflicted uidespread destructian; ifficted an rntolerable resporwibility on me. 2. To force (another) to accept a burden.

2. rrnrposr.

inffiction noun An excessive, unwelcome burden. influence noun 1. The power to produce an effect by indirect means: a specia.I-interest grcnry with infl,uence on Capitol Hill. 2. The power or capacity to produce a desired result. influence oerb 1. To have an effect or impact upon: Don't let hlm infl.uence your decifion. 2. To evoke a usu. strong mental or emotional response from. influential adiectioe Having or exercising influence: one of our nwre influential citiderw. infold uerb

inform oerb 1. To causeto know about or be aware of: Inform eoeryonaof the changein schedule.Was he infonnedof his righ*? 2. To give incriminating information about others, esp. to the authorities: The thief informed on his accornplice. informal adiectioe 1. Not formal or ceremonious:an informal gatheringof closefri,ends;wore informal attire. 2. Unconstrainedby rigrd standards. 3. In the style of conversation. informalily' rwun 1. Lack or avoidanceof formality: a candlelightsuFper seweduith charminginformality. 2. Freedomfrom constraint.embarrassment. or awkwardness. informanl nou,n One who givesincriminatinginformationabout others. informatioi noun l. Knowledgeabout a specificsubjector situaUon: gathering informntion for a biography. 2. That which is known; the sum of what hasbeen perceived,discovered,or inferred. informative adiectioe Servingto educateor inform. informed adiectirse l. Providedwith information;madeaware:able to girse an informed opinion; orn of our best-informed fficials. 2. Having an education. informer rmun One who givesincriminatinginformationabout others: He's a paid infonner. infra adoerb At a subsequent -nountime. infraction An act or instanceof breakinga law or regulationor of nonfulfillmentof an obligation,promise,eic.

IMPOSITION.

1. Syns: clout (Inlormal), drag (Slang), leverage, pull (Slang), sway, weight. 2. rrprcr

rwun.

1. Syns; bias, prejudice, sway. 2. errncrl.

Syns: consequential, important, powerful, weighty. sEEenfold. t. Syns: acquaint, advise, apprise (also apprize) (of), educate, enlighten, notify, tell. 2. Syns: fink (Slong), rat (Slm,g), ri.rg (Slong), snitch (Slnng), squeal (Slat g), stool (Slang), talk, tattle. -Idiomblow the whistle. 1. Syns; simple, unceremonious, unpretenUous. 2. resycorNc. 3. corwnnsATroNAl. 1. Syns; casualness,naturalness, simplicity, unceremoniousness. 2. nesr noun.

INFORMER.

1. Syns.' data, facts, intelligence. 2. xNowr,nocr.

EDUCATIONAL.

1. Syns; advised, educated, enlightened, instructed, knowledgeable. 2. noucarno. Syns.' fink (Slang), informant, rat (Sl"ang), snitch (a/so snitcher) (Slang), squealer (Slang), stoolie (Slang), stool pigeon (Slnng), tattler, tattletale, tipster. LATERadtserb. BREACH TWUN.

infrequent infrequenl aQectioe Rarelyoccurringor appearing:Ou partiesare infrequent thesednys. He is an infrequent oisitor. infrequently odwrb At rare intervals: I rwts go to Europe infrequently if at oll.

508 Syns: occasional,rare, scarce, sporadic, uncommon, unusual. -ldiom few and far between. Syns; little, rarely, seldom. -ldionx hardly (or scarcely) ever, once in a blue moon.

infringement noun BREACH IWUN. An act or instanceof breakinga law or regulationor of nonfulfillmentof an obligation,promise,etc. infuriate oerb x.tcnn aerb. To causeto feel or showanger. infuriated adiectitse FURIOUS. Full of or markedby extremeanger. ingenerate adiectirse 1. coNsrrrurroNAr- adiectiae. 1, Of or arisingfrom the mostbasicstructureof an individual. 2. Nl.rarn. at birth. 2. Possessed ingenerate oerb crusn aerb. To be the causeof. ingenious ad.iectioe 1. nwrwrrvn. l. Charactenzedby or productive of new thingsor new ideas. 2. nesouncEFul. 2. Able to usethe meansat one'sdisposalto meet situaUonseffectively. ing6nue rruun NNUN, INNOCENT person. A guileless,unsophisticated ingenuity rwun IN!'ENTION. The power or ability to invent. ingenuous a.diectitse ARTLESS. Free from guile, cunning,or deceit. ingest oerb l. swer-r-ow aerb. l. To causeto passfrom the mouth into the stomach. 2. nl,r. 2, To take (food) into the body as nourishment. ingestion noun S\4/ALLOW nOUn. An act of swallowing. ingrain oerb To implant so deeply as to makechangenearly impossible.rx oerb. ingrained ad.iectioe l. coNrrnvro. 1. Firmly establishedby long standing. 2. coNsrtrurloNAr- adiecth:e. 2. Of or arisingfrom the mostbasicstructureof an individual. ingratiating ad;iectioe INSINUATING. Purposefullycontrived to gain favor. ingratiative adiectitx INSINUATING. Purposefullycontrived to gain favor. ingredienl rwun ELEMENT. bne of the individual entitiescontributingto a whole. ingress oerb ENTER. To come or go into (a place). rwun ingression dso ingross 1. eoutssrox. l. The state of bei"g allowed entry. eourssror-1. 2. of. use make enter or to riglrt T\e 2. 3. pvrneNcBl. 3. The act of entering. snn ingress, ingression nuun rnrb ingurgitate cvt p aerb. to r*"tto* (food or drink) greedilyor rapidly in large amounts. inhabit oerb Syns; habit (Archaic), occupy, people, To live in (a place): Notds inlwbited the steryes. populate.

inimical

509 inhabitable adiectioe Fit to live in. inhalation noun l. The act of breathingin. 2. Air breathedin. inhale oerb To draw air into the lungs in the processof respiration. inhaimonic alsoinharmonical adiectioe Characterizedby unpleasantdiscordanceof sound' inharmonious ad,iectitse 1. Characterizedby unpleasantdiscordanceof sound: an inha'rmoniotnperformanceby the student band"

2. Devoid of harmonyand accord:He ha'dan inho.nrwrilausrelaiionship with his mother. inharmonY noun A state of disagreementand disharmony. inhere oerb To have as an inherentbasis. inherent adiectioe 1. Of or arisingfrom the mostbasicstructureof an individual. 2. Forming an essentialelement. inherit oerb To receive(property)from one who has died: inherited the fann from his lnte father. inheritance nuun 1. Any specialprivilege accordeda firstborn. 2. Somethingimmaterial, as a style or philosophy,that is passedfrom one generationto another. inherited adiectioe at birth. l. Possessed 2. Of or from one'sancestors. inhibit oerb l. To refuseto allow. 2. To check the freedomand spontaneityof. 3. To control, restrict, or arrest. inhibited ad:iectioe Deftcientin or lackingsexualdesire. inhospitable adiectioe So disagreeablyaustereas to discourageapproach. inhospitableness twltn Lack of cordiality and hospitableness. inhospitality nutrn Lack of cordiality and hospitableness. inhuman ad,iecthse Showingor suggestinga dispositionto be violently destructive without scruple or restraint. inhumanity nou,n A cruel act or an instanceof cruel behavior. inhumation tuoun An act of placing a body in a gave or tomb. inhume oerb To place (a corpse)in or asif in a grave. inimicable adiectioe Feeling or showingunfriendliness. inimical ad,iectioe Feeling or showingunfriendliness.

LIVABLE. TNSPIRATION. BREATH.

BREATHE.

INHARMONIOUS.

l. Syns; cacophonous (aho cacophonic, cacophonical), discordant, disharmonic disharmonious, dissonant, inharmonic (a/so inharmonical), rude, unharmonious, unmusical. 2. Syns: discordant, inconsonant, uncongenial, unharmonious. CONFLTCT TWIIN.

1. coxsrtrurloNAr- adiecthse. 2. surlr-rN. Syns; come into, heir (Chilzf'y Regional).

BIRTHRIGHT. HERITAGE.

1. r.wern. 2. eNcBsrner,. l. ronaro. 2. cor.IsrRarN. 3. nssrnaN. FRIGID.

FORBIDDING. UNWELCOME

CRUELTY. BURIAL. BURY. HOSTILE. HOSTILE.

f10ur7.

iniquitous

510

iniquitous adiectiae Morally objectionable. ltoun iniquity 1. A wicked act. 2. Scot. Lau. Lack of justice. initial adiectioe l. Indicating the start of something. 2. At or near the start of a period, development, or series. 3. Preceding all others in time. initiate aerh l. To admit formally into membership or office, as with ritual: initiated pbdges into the fratemity. 2. To go about the iniUal step in doing (something). 3. To bring into currency, use, fashion, or practice. initiate rwun One who is just starting to learn or do something. initiation rrcntn l. The act or process of formally admitting a person to membership or office: the initiation of nern sorority pledges. 2. The act or process of bringing or being brought into existence.

n'v:rt-adiectiae. 1. cnnae. 2. rxyusrrcr. l. escrNNrNcadiectioe. 2. Banr,v adiectir;e. 3. rrnsr adiectiae. 1. Syns; inaugurate, induct, install, instate, invest. 2. srrnr oerb. 3. rr.rrnopucr. BECINNER.

1. Syns: inaugural, inauguration, induction, installation, instatement, invesUture. 2. eBcrNNrNC noun.

initiative twun The wish, power, and ability to begin and follow through with a plan or task. injudicious adiectiae Not wise.

AMBITION.

UNwISE.

injunction nDun An authoritative indicaUon to be obeyed.

COMMAND

TWUN.

injure aerb 1. To spoil the soundnessor perfection of: a President who iniured his credibility by lying. 2. To cause physical damage to. adiecthse injurious 1. Causing harm or injury. 2. Serving to corrupt. to the reputation. . .3. Damagrng InlUry rwun l. The action or result of inflicting loss or pain. 2. An act that is not just. adiectioe injust Obs. Not fair, right, or just.

1. Syns; blemish, damage, disserve,harm, hurt, impair, mar, prejudice, tarnish, vitiate. 2. nunr aerb. l. nenurur-. 2. connuprrvn. 3. r,lnrr-ous. 1. nannannLtn. 2. rNyusrrcn. UNFAIR.

iniustice noun

l. Lack of justice: an attomey general who sau iniustice and tried to renwdY it. 2. An act that is not just: By lyinghe did himself and others an iniwtite. a.diectiae inkhorn Characterizedby a narrow concern for book learning and formal rules, without knowledge or experience of practical matters.

1. Syns; inequitableness, inequity, iniquity (Scot.Lau,), unfairness,unjustness, wrong. 2. Syns: disservice,injury, wrong. -ldiarn raw deal. PEDANTIC.

inkling noun A subtle qudity underlying or felt to underlie a sifuation, action, or person. adiectiae inky l. Of the darkest achromatic visual value. 2. Having no light. infying adiecthse Located farther in.

HrNt noun.

1. er-ecx. 2. sl-A.cx. INNER.

innuendo

511 ad;iectiae innate 1. Possessedat birth: bmate cardiotsasculnr abrwrmalitie s; irmate talent. 2. OI or arising from the most basic structure of an individual. 3. Forming an essential element. adiectioe innative Possessedat birth. inner adiectioe 1. Located farther in: an inner room. 2. Ol pertaining to, or arising from one's mental or spiritual being: has irrrwr conf'bts. 3. Being closer to a center of power and infuence: the inner circles of the ClA. aerb innerve To stir to action or feeling.

1. Syns; congenital, hereditary, inborrl ingenerate, inherited, innative, native, natural. 2. coxsrrrurloNAl ad;iectine. 3. surt.r-rN. INNATE.

1. Syns; inlying, inside, interior, internal, intestine (Obs.). 2. Syns: gut (Shng), interior, internal, intestine, intimatel, inward, visceral, viscerous. 3. Syn: inside (5k"0.

PROVOKE.

innings rwun A limited, often assignedperiod of activity, duty, or opportunity. noun innocence The condition of being uninformed. ad;iectioe innocent 1. Free from evil and corruption: innacent little children.

2. Free from guilt or blame: irwncent of all charges; innocent parties to the scandal. 3. Devoid of hurtful qualities. 4. Within, allowed by, or sanctioned by the law. 5. Free from guile, cunning, or deceit. 6. Lacking a desirable element. 7. Not aware or informed. innocent rwun 1. A pure, uncorrupted person: a wonurn who had the beguilinglook of a Aounginnocent. 2. A guileless, unsophisticated person: a foreign-policy adaiser who was a fitere innocent in dealing with the Sooiets. 3. A young person between birth and puberty. 4. One who is just starting to learn or do something. adiectioe innocuous 1. Devoid of hurtful qualities. 2. Incapable of inflicting injury. 3. Lacking the qualities requisite for spiritedness and oriqinality. innovat-ion nnun A new, unusual thi.g. innovative adiectioe 1. Characterized by or productive of new things or new ideas. 2. Showing marked departure from previous practice. innuendo rwun 1. A subtle qualrty underlying or felt to underlie a situation, action, or person. 2. An artful, indirect hint.

TURN '?OUN.

IGNORANCE.

1. Syns; angelic.(a/so angelical), clean, lily-white, pu€, unblemished, undefiled, uncorrupted, unstained, -ldiiln trnsullied, untainted, "it$ttal. pure as the driven snow. 2. Syns: blameless, clean (Slnng), faultless, guiltless, harmless. -ldiom n the clear. 3. nenur.nss. 4. r.ewpur.. 5. enrr-nss. 6. nuprv ad.iectioe. 7. rcNonexr. 1. Syns; angel, lamb, virgln. 2. Syns: babe (Slnng), child, ing6nue, naive (aho narve, naif, nail), unsophisticate. -ldi,orn babe in the woods. 3. curr.o. 4. srcrNNEn. 1. rrenl,rr,nss. 2. nenur.nss. 3. rNsrpro.

NOVELTY.

1. uweNTrvn. 2. rvnw o"diecthse. 1. Hwr rwun. 2. rNsrwuerrox.

innumerable innuendo oerb To conveyan idea by indirect, subtle means. innumerable adiecthre Too great to be calculated. inobtrusive adiec-tioe Not showvor obtrusive. inoffensivd ad,iectioe Devoid of hurtful qualities. inoperative odiecthse Marked by a lack of action or activity. inopportude adiecthse Not occurringat a favorabletime. inordinate a.diectiae Exceedinga normal or reasonablelimit. inquest noun A seekingof knowledge, data" or the truth about something. inquietude noun An uneasyor nervousstate. inquire alsoenquire oerb 1. To go into or through for the purposeof making discoveriesor acquiring information. (someone). . 2. To puJa questionto fnqUlfef aho enqulref noun One who inquires: woided reportersand other irquirerc. inquiring alsoenQUiring ad,iectioe . E"$"r to acquire.knowledge. lnqulry dso enQulr! rtaun 1. A seekingof knowledge,data,or the truth about something:an inquiry as to the causeof the patbnt's death. numy 2. A requestfor data: The companyrecehses inqubles abutt the costof book's. inquisition r70un A seekingof knowledge,data"or the truth about something. inquisitive ad,iectioe l. Eagerto acquireknowledge. 2. Unduly interestedin the affairsof others. inquisitiveness nuun Mentd acquisitiveness. inquisitor natrn l. One who conductsan officialinquiry, usu.with no regard for human riglrts: The captured spy uas torhned by his hquis-ttors. 2. One who inquires. inquisitorial ad,iecthse Undulv interestedin the affairsof others. inquisitbry ad,iectitse Undulv interestedin the a.ffairsof others. inroad noun An act of invading,esp.by military forces. insalubrious adiecthse Not sustainingor promotinghealth. insalutary adiectioe Not sustainingor Promotinghealth. insane a.d,iectiw 1. Aflicted with or exhibitingirrationality and mental was diagrnsed itxane by unsoundness:The assassdn two psychira;ttists.

512 r.twr oerb. INCALCULABLE.

QUIET. HARMLESS. INACTIVE. INCONVENIENT. EXCESSIVE. INQUIRY,

RESTLESSNESS.

l. nxpr-one. 2. esx. Syns: inquisitor, querier, questioner.

CURIOUS.

1. Syns; delving, inquest, inquisition, invesUgation, probe, quest. 2. Syns: interrogation, interrogatory (Law), query, question. INQUIRY,

l. cunrous. 2. cunrous. CURTOSITY.

l. Syns: interrogator, questioner.

2. rwgurnnn. CURIOUS. CURIOUS. IIWASION, UNWHOLESOME.

UNwHOLESOME.

1. Syns; batty (Slnng), bedlamite, bonkers (Slang), brainsick, bngry $lang), bughouse (Slnng), bugs (Slcng), cracked, crackers (Chiefly Brit. Slang),

insensitive

513

2. So senselessas to be laughable. noun insaneness Serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacrty to function normally and safely.

insanity noun

cracky (Chiefly Brit. Slang), c-razed, crazy',cuckoo, dafry (lnforma, ), -daft, demented, deranged, &sordered, distraught, frutry $lang), gaga (Slang), loco (Slang), loony (a/so lunY) (lnformal), lunatic, mad, maniac, maniacal, mental (ChUfl'g Bnt.), mindless, moonstruck (o/so moonstricken), non comPos mentis (Lau), nuts (Slang), nutty (Informal), off, screwy (Slang), touched, unbalanced, unsound, wackY (also whacky) (Slang), witless, wrong. -ldiotns around the bend, crazy as a loon, mad as a hatter, not all there, nutty as a fruitcake, off one's rocker, out of one's head (or mind), sick in the head, stark raving mad, unsound of mind. 2, roor-rsH.

1. Serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacity to function normally and safely: Wild fears and' sn'spicionsuere the f,rst sigrw of his aryroaching insanitg.

1 . Syns; aberration, alienation,

2. Foolish behavior.

2. FOOLISHNESS.

inscribe oerb 1. To affix one's signature to. 2. To form letters, characters, or words on a surface with an instrument. 3. To register in or as if in a book. 4. To produce a deep imPressionon.

insecure ad;iecthse protected:Withoutthemilitarypolice l. Inadequately the air base uou.ld be msecwe. 2. Lacking stability: an insecure peace; an insecure ally.

brainsickness, craziness, dementia, derangement, insaneness,lunacy, madness, mania, psychopathy, unbalance.

1 . srcN oerb. 2. wnrrr. 3. rrsrr oerb. 4. nxcnevr. 1. Syns; unguarded, unprotected, unsafe. 2. Syns: infirm (Rare), ihsubstantial, shaky, tottery, unstable, unsteadY, unsure, weak, wobbly,

insecurity noun The quality or condition of being erratic and undependable. adiectioe insensate Lacking passion and emotion.

INSTABILITY.

INSENSITIVE.

insensibility noun Lack of emotion or interest. adiecnse insensible 1. Lacking consciousness. 2. Lacking responsivenessor alertness. 3. Lacking physical feeling or sensitivity. 4. Without emotion or interest. 5. Incapable of being apprehended by the mind or the senses. 6. Lacking passion and emotion. adiectioe insensitive 1. Lacking passion and emotion: tumed an insensititse ear to our pleas. 2. Lacking physical feeling or sensitivity.

1 . UNCONSCIOUS. 2. ovw adiectitse. 3 . onto adiecti'oe. 4. APATHETIC. 5. 6. rNsnNsrrrva. 1. Syns; anesthetic, bloodless, dull, hard, as hard insensate, insensible. -Idiun as nails. 2. onao ad;iecthse.

insert 3. Lacking responsiveness or alertness. 4. Not capableof being affectedor impressed:I am totnlly irwensitioeto flattery.

514 3. ourt odjectiae. 4. Syns: impassible,impassive, insusceptible,unimpressionable, unsusceptible.

insert oerb l. To placeon a list or in a record. L. pos'r rerb. 2. rxrnooucr. 2. To put or set into, between,or amonganotheror other things. insertion rwun An item inserted,as in a diary,register,or reference book. inside adiectiae 1. rxllnn. 1. Locatedfartherin. 2. Slang.Beingcloserto a centerof power and influence. 2. ruunn. 3. Characterizedby a closeand thoroughacquaintance. 3. rr.rrrMArnradiectiae. 4. coNnrrNTrAL. 4. Slang.Known aboutby very few. insight Mntn 1. rNsnNcr noun. l. The power to discernthe true natureof a personor situation. 2. wrsnou. 2. Deep,thorough,or matureunderstanding. insignifiianceallo insignificancy noun INDIFFERENCE. Lack of importance. snninsignificance. insignificancy nuun insignificant adiectiae LITTLE. Not of great importance. insincere adiectioe 1. Syns; ambidextrous, disingenuous,left1. Not beingwhat one purportsto be: insirrcere handed, mala fide (Latin). flattery; an insirrcerepersonnot to be trusted. 2. .c.nrrrrcrAr-. 2. Not genuineor sincere. insincerity noun Syns; disingenuity, disingenuousness, Lack of sincerity:usasshockedby their insinnerity. uncandor.

insinuate oerb 1. To introducegadually and slyly: A spy has irwintnted himself into gooemmentcircles.She irwimnted her beliefsinto eoerypolicy disct"tssion. 2. To conveyan ideaby indirect,subtlemeans. insinuating ad.iectitse 1. Provokinga changeof outlook and esp.gradual doubt and suspicion:madeinsirunting rennrlcs about his ccnnpetence. 2. Purposefnllycontrived to gain favor: the insinuating yniles of corparatecourtiers. insinuation noun An artful, indirect hint: mad.eugly irciruntioru that he had cheatedon the eram. insinuative adiectitse Provokinga changeof outlook and esp.gradualdoubt and suspicion. insipid adiectiae l. Lacking the qualitiesrequisitefor spiritednessand originality: an irwipid,soapopera. 2. Lacking an appetizingfavor. insipidity noun The state or quality of being insipid: the insipiditg of the play; the in"sipidityof her cooking. insipidness ntnln The state or quality of being insipid.

1. Syns: edge in, foist, infiltrate, wind2 (into), work (into), worm. 2. :g'wr terb. 1. Syns; insinuaUve, suggestive.

2. Syns: ingatiating, ingratiative, saccharine, sugary. Syn.'innuendo.

INSINUATING.

1. Syns; banal, bland, driveling, inane, innocuous, jejune, namby-PambY, vapid, washy, waterish, wateq/, wishywashy (lnformal). 2. rrtr adiectioe. Syns; banality, blandness, colorlessness, dullness, dryness, flatness, flavorlessness, inaneness,inanity, insipidness, jejunity, vapidity.

insPire

515 insist oerb 1. To take and maintain a stand obstinately: He still insisted on the truth of his story. 2. To solicit insistently: The prime minister insisted that the king abdicate. You irwisted upon my going to the partY. insist on (or upon) oerb To ask for urgently or insistently.

insistencealsoinsistency ncrun

1. The stateor qualrtyof being insistent:The attomey's insistenceon leamingthe truth saoedhis client. 2. Urgent solicitation:We sigted this contractonly at your insistence.

insistency naun insistent adiectiae 1. Obstinatelymaintaininga stand:insistentdenialsof all guilt. 2. Bold and definite in character. insist or (or uPon) aerb insobriety rwun The condiUonof being intoxicatedwith alcoholic liquor. inso-lencealsoinsolency nmun l. The stateor quahtyof being impudent. 2. The quality of being arrogant. insolency nnun insolent adiecthse 1. Rude and disrespectful. 2. Overly convincedof one'sown superiorityand importance. insolvency rwun The condition of being financiallyinsolvent. insorb oerb To take in and incorporate,esp.mentally. inspect oerb 1. To look at carefully or critically. 2. To study closelyor systematically. 3. To examinethe personor personaleffectsof in order to find somethinglost or concealed. inspection noun l. The act of examiningcarefirlly. study. 2. A closeor systemaUc inspiration noun t. Theol Divine guidanceand motivationimparted directly: receioedinspiration through prayer and contemplntion. 2. Somethingthat encourages. 3. High spirits. 4. The act of breathing in: counted the rate of the patient's inspirations. 5. A sudden,excitingthought: had on inspirationto changelifestyles. 6. Livelinessand vivacity of imagination. inspirational adiectioe Providinginspiration. inspire oerb l. To elicit a strongemotionalresponsefrom: a worrutn copableof inspiring a man's deootion;conduct inspiring only disgust. 2, To arousethe emotionsof; make ardent. 3. To impart courage,inspiration,and resolutionto.

1. Syns.' persevere, persist. 2. Syns: press, pressure,prod, urge.

nruexn oerb. 1. Syns; perseverance, persistence (also persistency). 2. Syns: instance (Archaic), plpng, pressing, prodding, urgence, urgency, urgng. sBBinsistence. 1. Syns; perseverant, persevering, persistent, persisting, unremitting. 2. nrvlpnertc. snn insist. DRUNKENNESS.

1. rupunnNcr. 2. ennocexcn. srn insolence. 1. rupuonrvr. 2. ennocewr.

FAILURE. ABSORB.

1. nxeurNn. 2. exer-vzr. 3. sntnclg perb.

1. rxeurNerroN. 2. eNer-vsrs. 1. Syns: affiation, affiatus, inflatus.

2. BwcounAGEMENT. 3. rr-erroN. 4. Syns: affiation, inhalation. 5. Syns; brainstorm, brain wave. 6. nnr noun. INSPIRING.

1. Syns; iuouse, excite, prompt, provoke, stimulate, sti'rr. -Idiom stir the blood of. 2. rrnn oerb. 3. rucounacB.

inspired 4. To raise the spirits of. 5. To draw air into the lungs in the process of respiration.

inspired odiecthse 1. Emotionally aroused. 2.Ieeling great delight and joy. . Inspfrlng adiectiw Providing inqpiration: an inspiring sernwn.

inspirit oerb 1. To impart courage,inspiration,and resolutionto. 2. To raise the soirits of. inspissate oerbTo make thick or thicker, esp.through evaporationor condensation. instability twun l. The quality or condition of being erratic and undependable:the irwnbility of the bond market; the httability of the new gooernnwnt. 2. The quality or condition of being physically unsteady. install oerb 1. To place securelyin a positionor condition. 2. To place in proper positionor location. 3. To admit formally into membershipor office,as with ritual. installation twun l. A center of organization,supply,or activity. 2. The act or processof formally admitting a personto

516 4. Er,erE. 5. snnerur.

erFncrrDl. ELATED.

Syns: exhilarant, exhilarating, inspirational, intoxicating, rousing, stirring. l. ENcounacn. 2. nurn. THICKEN,

l. Syns; insecurity, precariousness, shakiness,unstability, unstableness. 2. uusranlENESS.

1. rsrenr,rsn. 2. posrrroN oerb. 3. IMrtarn oerb.

BASrr rwun. INITIATION.

membership or office.

instance oerb l. To demonstrate and clarify with examples: The author's true intent is instanced in these quotatioru. 2. To refer to by name. instance n/oun 1. One that is representative of a group or class. 2. A legal proc""dittg to demand jusUct or enforce a right. 3. Archain Urgent solicitation.

t. Syns: example, exemplify, illustrate. 2. Ntv'r, aerb. EXAMPLE

rIOUN,

LA\^/SUIT,

3. rNsrsrnNcr.

instant noun l. A particular interval.of time that is limited and often crucial: At the oery irwtant the generalfell ill, the enemyattocked. 2. A very brief time. instant adiectiae Of immediateimport. instant adrserb Poetic.Without delay. instate oerb To admit formally into membershipor office,as with ritual. instatement natn The act or processof formally admitting a personto membershipor office. instigate oerb To stir to action or feeling. instigation rwun Somethingthat incitesesp.a violent response. instigator noun One who agitates,esp.politically. instill oErb To instruct in a body of doctrine or belief.

1. Syns: juncture, moment, point.

2. rr-esn noun. BURNING. DIRECTLY, tvtrtl,on

aerb.

INITIATION,

PROVOKE. STIMULUS. AGITATOR. INDOCTRINATE.

insubordination

5L7 instinct rwun 1. The power to discern the true nature of a person or situation: lnstinnt wanwd me neaer to trust him. 2. An innate capability. adiectioe instinctive 1. Derived from or prompted by a natural tendency or impulse: The comered antnwl d,rew back uith instinctioe fear. My fuwtinctioe feeling i,s that he's a crook. 2. Acting or happening without apparent forethought, prompting, or planning. ad,iecthse instinctual Derived from or prompted by a natural tendency or impulse.

1. Syns; anschauung (German), insight, intuitiveness, intuiUon . -ldiorn sixth sense. 2. rel-nvr. 1. Syns; instinctual, intuitive, visceral.

2. spovreNEous.

INSTINCTIVE.

institute perb

1. To btt rg into existence formally. 2. To bring into currenc/, lls€, fashion, or pracUce. institute rwun A principle governing the affairs of man within or among political units.

1. rour.n. 2. rn'rnonucr. LAW fmtn.

institutidn twun The act of founding or establishing.

institutionalize oerb To placeofficiallyin confinement. instruct rserb 1. To impartknowledge andskillto.

FOUNDATION.

COMMTT.

l. noucern. 2. To enable (one) to understand, esp. in a spiritual sense. 2, u-r-u*rrNerE. 3. To give orders to. 3. corvrueNo oarb. instructbd adiectioe 1. Having an educaUon. l. noucerBp. 2. Provided with informaUon; made aware. 2. rrvronupo.

instructible adiecthse Capable of being educated.

EDUCABLE.

instruction rwtn 1.

'llhe

ac! process, or art of imparting knowledge and skill. 2. Known facts, ideas, and skill that have been imparted. 3. An authoritative indication to be obeyed. 4. The condition of being informed spiritually.

1. nouceuoN. 2. toucerrox. 3. corvflvraNotwun. 4. u.r-uurNenou.

instructional adiectioe Serving to educate. instructive adiectiae Serving to educate.

EDUCATIONAL. EDUCATIONAL.

instruct-or rwun One who educates.

EDUCATOR.

instrumenl rwun l. A device used to do work or perform a task. 2. That by which something is accomplished or some end achieved. - 3. A person used or controlled by others.

instrumentality noun

That by which something is accomplished or some end achieved.

l. roor-. 2. uneNs. 3. pewN2. MEANS.

instrumentation rwu,n That by which somethingis accomplishedor someend achieved. insubordinate adiectioe Refusingor failing to obey. insubordination rwu,n The condition or practice of not obeying.

MEANS.

DTSOBEDIENCE.

insubstantial insubstantial adiectitn l. Having no body, form, or zubstance. 2. l,acking stability. 3. Not physicallystrong. 4. Having little substanceor significance;not solidly based. insuccess nmun The conditionof not achievingthe desiredend. insufferable a"diec-tir>e Not capableof being enduredor tolerated. insuffici-ence noun insufficienct alsoinsutficience rwun The conditionor fact of being deficient. insufficient adiecthn Not enoughto meet a demandor requirementzMen unnot work on inmftcient ratiorw. insufar adiectiae l. Far from centersof humanpopulation. 2. Having the restrictedoutlook often characteristicof geogaphic isolation. insulate oerb To set apart from a group. insult oerb To causeresentrnentor hurt by callous,rude behavior: The drur*en gu.estinsulted the hostess. insult nuun An act that offendsa person'ssenseof pride or dignity. insuperable adiectioe 1. Incapableof being negotiatedor overcomeiu)ere confrontedwith iwryerable problzrns. 2. Incapableof being conquered,overrun, or subjugated. insupportable ad:iectioe Not capableof being enduredor tolerated. insure oerb insurgence noun Organizedoppositionintendedto changeor overthrow existingauthority. insurgency nuun Organizedoppositionintendedto changeor overthrow existingauthority. insurgent adiectiae In open revolt againsta governmentor mling authority. insurgent noun A personwho rebels. insuimountable a^diectitse Incapableof being negotiatedor overcome. insurrect oerb To refuseallegianceto and opposeby force a . governm.entor nrling authoriW. lnSUfreCllOn rwntn Organizedoppositionintendedto changeor overthrow existingauthoriW. insurredtionist rwun A personwho rebels. insul.ceptible a.diectioe Not capableof being affectedor impressed. intact adiectioe or normal. 1. Lacking nothingessenUal 2. In excellentcondition. intangible adieabe Incapableof being apprehendedby the mind or the

518 l. 2. 3. 4.

rMMarsnrer.. rNsncunn. rrwrnu. rnrvuous.

FATLURE. UNBEARABLE.

snr insufficiency. SHORTAGE,

Syns: deficient, inadequate, scanty, scarce, short, shyl, skimpy, wanting. 1. nruorn. 2. roc* adiectiue.

rcottrn oerb. Syns; affront, offend, outrage. -Idioms add insult to injury, give offense to. INDIGNITY.

1. Syns; impassable,indomitable, insurmountable, unsurmountable. 2. nwrlrcrnr,p. UNBEARABLE.

sEEensure. REBELLION.

REBELLION.

REBELLIOUS. REBEL TMUN. INSUPERABLE.

nnssr Derb.

REBELLTON.

REBEL |WUN. INSENSITI!'E. 1. colaprBro

adiectiae.

2. coop adiectioe. IMPERCEPTIBLE.

intelligent

519 adiectioe integral 1. Lacking nothing essential or normal. 2. Constituting or forming part of the essenceof something. integral noun An organized array of individual elements and parts forming and working as a unit.

1. coupr.prn adiectioe. 2. rssrurr x, adiectioe.

SYSTEM.

integrant noun One of the individual entities contributing to a whole.

integrate oerb 1. To make into a whole by joining a system of parts: a political partA that had. integrated both liberal and' consen;atirse elements. 2. To open to all people regardless of race: rporked to integrate the schools. 3. To make a part of a united whole. 4. To construct or include as an integral or permanent part. 5. To bring into accord. 5. To combine and adapt in order to attain a particular effect. integrate rraun An organized array of individual elements and parts forming and working as a unit.

ELEMENT.

1. Syns; articulate, concatenate, unify.

2. Syn: desegregate. 3. pMsoov. 4. surt-o rr.{. 5. nenuoNlzn. 5. nenuoNrzn.

SYSTEM.

integration rvoun The act, process, or result of abolishing racial segregation : school integration.

Syn; desegregation.

integrity twu,n l. 2. 3. 4.

Moral or ethical strength. The quahty of being honest. The condition of being free from defects or flaws. The state of being entirely whole.

1. 2. 3. 4.

cnenecten. soNnsrv. souNoNnss. coupr-nrENEss.

integument nou,n The Ussueforming the external covering of the body.

SKIN NO&?T.

intellect nuun 1. The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and acquiring and applying knowledge. 2. A person of great mental ability. adiectioe inteflective Relating to or performed by the mind.

intelfectual adiectioe 1. Appealing to or engaging the intellect: an intelle ctual disanssion. 2. Relating to or performed by the mind. 3. Having or showing intelligence, often of a high order. intef lectual nnun A person of geat mental ability. natn intelligence 1. The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and acquiring and applying knowledge: A wornnn of her intelligence uould make a good Su,premeCourt irctice. 2. New information, esp. about recent events and happenings. 3. Knowledge about a speciftc subject or situation. intelfigenl ad:iectioe 1. Having or showing intelligence, often of a high order: an intelligent child; a book fot an intelligent readership. 2. Mentally quick and original. 3. Consistent with reason and intellect.

1. nvrrr-r-rcENcE. 2. unrp lwun. MENTAL.

1. Syns; cerebral,highbrow (lnfomal), sophisticated,thoughtful. 2. ltrr.rrAl,. 3. nl-rnr.r-rcENT.

MIND

??OO'N.

1. Syns: brain(s) (lnformal), brainpower (Informal), intellect, mentality, mind, smarts (Slang), sense,understanding wit. 2. r.mws. 3. rwronuenoN. 1. Syns; brainy (lnformal), brilliant, intellectual, knowing, knowledgeable. 2. cr,pvnn. 3. r-ocrcer,.

intelligible intef figible adiectioe . .Capableof being readily understood. fntempefanGe nuun Immoderateindulgence,as in food or drink. intend oerb l. To have in mind as a goal or purpose:We intend to sell the house. 2. To have or conveya particular idea. intended noun A personto whom one is engagedto be married: took his intended to meet his mother. intended adiecthse l. Done or saidon purpose. 2. Pledgedto marry. intense adiectioe l. Extremein degree,strength,or efiect: an intense struggleof wills. 2. Intenselysustained,esp.in activity. . .3. R:ldting from or affecUngone'sinnermostfeelings. Intenslry aerb To increasein intensityor severityzintensifiedtheir . lforts.; pain that intensified eaerymiru"tte. fntens[y lwntn Exceptionallygreat concentraUon, power, or force, esp. in activity: a-hudcarw of staggering intensity. . fntenslve adiecthse 1. Not difiusedor dispersed. 2. Coveringall aspectswith painstakingaccuracy. 3. Intenselyzustained,esp.in activity. intensively' a&;erb In a completemanner. intent nmun l. What one intendsto do or achieve. 2. That which is signifiedby a word or expression. 3. The thread or current of thoughtuniting or occurringin all the elementsof a text or discourse. 4. That which is signifiedby a word or expression. intent adiectioe 1. Havingone'sthoughtr fttlly occupied. 2. On an unwaveringcourseof action. 3. Cgncentratingthe mental powerson something. intention noun What one intendsto do or achieve:It was rwt my intention to ofend you. intentional a.diectioe 1. Done or saidon purpose. 2. Planned,weighed,or estimatedin advance. inter oerb To place (a corpse)in or as if in a grave. interagenl rwun Someonewho actsas an intermediateagentin a transaction. interceder rwun Someonewho actsas an intermediateagentin a trarsaction. intercept oerb To block the progressof and force to changedirection. intercessor rwun Someonewho acts as an intermediate agent in a transaction.

UNDERSTANDABLE. EXCESSt10un. l. Syns: aim, contemplate,

design, meanr,

mind (Chiefly Regional),pl*, propose, project,purpose. 2. upeNl. Syns: betrothed, affianced.

1. onr.rsrn nrn adiectioe. 2. nNcecno. 1. Syns; desperate,fierce, furious, terrible, vehement, violent. 2. Hnevy adiectiae. 3. onrp adiectioe. Synst aggravate, deepen, enhance, heighten, mount, redouble. Syns; ferocity, fierceness, fury, pitch, severity, vehemence, violence. 1. coNcnrvrRATED. 2. rsonoucs.

ectioe'

1"""""*" l. rvrevrroN. 2. unaNrnc. 3. rnnusr noun. 4. ureNnrc. l. ensonsno. 2. snrr adiectioe. 3. errnrtrrys. Syns; aim, design, end, goal, intent, mark, meaning, plan, point, purpose, target, view. -Idiurn end in view. l. orr,rscn trn adiectioe. 2. cer,curATED.

HEAD orr

at head.

GO-BETWEEN.

interlard

52t interchange oerb 1. To gtve up in return for something else. 2. To give and receive. interchange noun The act of exchanging or substituting.

L. curscn perb. 2. rxcnlwcn.

1. A situation allowing exchange of ideas or messages. 2. The exchange of ideas by writing, speech, or signals.

1. roucn ruaun, 2. couvruNlcarloN.

intercommunication noun

CHANGE NOUN.

interconnection rwun A logical or nafural associationbetween two or more thtttgt.

RELATION.

intercourse rwun The exchange of ideas by writing, speech, or signals.

COMMUNICATION.

interdependence rwun A logical or natural associationbetween two or more things. aerb interd-ict To refuse to allow. interdict rwun A coercive measure intended to ensure compliance or conformity.

interdictioh noun 1. A refusalto allow. 2. A coercive measure intended to ensure compliance or conformity.

interest rwun 1. Something that contributes to or increases one's well-being: always corwidered the interest of his cli.ents. 2. Mental acquisitiveness. 3. A being personally interested in. 4. A right or legal share in somet}ing: oum a half interest in a computer com,PanY. interest oerb To arouse the interest and attention of Archaeologg has always interested me. adiecthse interested Having concern.

RELATION.

FORBID. sANcTroN

n0un.

1. ronsrooANcE. 2. seNcrloN noun.

l. Syns: advantage, benefit, good, profit.

2. cunrosrrr. 3. cowcnnN noun. 4. Syns: claim, portion, stake, title.

Syns; attract, intrigue, turn on (Slang). -ldiorn get one going. CONCERNED.

interestedness nf,run A being personally interested in.

coNcERN

fwun.

interfere aerb To intervene officiously or indiscreetly in the affairs of others.

MEDDLE.

interference rwu,n The act or an instance of interfering.

MEDDLING

IWUN,

MEDDLTNc

adiectioe

interfering adiectiae Given to intruding in other people's affairs. adiectioe interim 1. Temporarily assumtngthe duties of another. 2. Intended, used, or present for a limited time. interim rw.rn An interval during which continuity is suspended. adiectine interior 1. Located farther in. 2. Of., pertaining to, or arising from one's mental or spiritual being.

1. rnuponenv. 2. rruponenv. GAP.

l. n-rtnn. 2. wrvnn.

interject oerb To put or set into, between, or among another or other things. a.diectioe interlard To put or set into, between, or among another or other thmgt.

INTRODUCE.

INTRoDUcE.

interlope interlope oerb To force or come in as an improper or unwanted element. intermediary nmun l. Someonewho actsasan intermediateagentin a transacUon. 2. Thlt by which somethingis accomplishedor some end achieved. intermediate a.diectiae Not extreme. intermediate ntxtn Someone who acts as an intermediate agent in a transaction.

522 INTRUDE.

l. co-errwrnN. 2. unaNs.

MTDDLE adiectiae. GO-BET'WEEN.

intermediator naun Someone who acts as an intermediate agent in a transacUon.

GO-BETWEEN.

intermenl rrnrn a body in a grave or tomb. - An act of placing

intermesh oerb'

To come or bring together and interlock. interminable adiecttoe Existing or occurring without interruption or end. .

intermingle aerb

To put together into one mass so that the constituent . parts are. more or less homogeneous. fntefmlSSlOn noun 1. A pause or interval, as from work or duty. 2. The condition of being temporarily inactive. intermittent adiectioe Happening or appearing now and then: intermittent shouers; intermittent wtbrealcs of oiobrrce. intermix oerb To put together into one mass so that the constituent - parts are more or less homogeneous. intermutual adiectioe . Belonging to, shared by, or applicable to all alike.

intern aerb To put in iail. internal a.diectit;e l. Located farther in. 2. OI, from, or within a country'sown territory. 3. Of, pertainingto, or arisingfrom one'smenlal o. spiritual being. interfolate ,:erb To put or set into, between,or amonganotheror otler things. interpose aerb To put or set into, between,or amonganotheror other things. interpret oerb 1. To pelfgnn accordingto one'sartistic conception: How did she interpretthe role of Lady Macbeth? 2. To make understandable. 3. To understandin a particular way: We didn't krwu; hou to interprether remark. interpretation noun l. One'sartistic conceptionas shownby the rendering of a dramaticrole, musicalcomposition,etc.: o bizane intetpretationof Beethooen's"Appassionata" Sonata. 2. Somethingthat servesto explainor clarify. 3. Critical explanaUonor analysis.

BURIAL. ENGAGE. CONTINUAL,

v'tx uerb.

1. ennax naun. 2. enryexcr. Syns: fitful, occasional, periodic (aho periodical ), sporadic. v'tx oerb.

coMMoN adiectiae. ytr oerb. l. wNrn. 2. noursrrc. 3. rrtlrrn.

INTRODUCE.

INTRODUCE.

L. Syns: execute, play, render. 2. rxpr,arN. 3. Syns: construe, read, take.

1. Syns: execution, performance, reading, realization, rendition.

2. nxpr,aNerroN. 3. counanxrany.

intimidation

523 interpretive adiectioe Servingto exPlain' interrelation rwun betweentwo or more A logical or natural association things. interr-elationshiP rwun betweentwo or more A logical or natural association things. interrogate oerb 1. To questionthorougttly*d relentlesslyto verify facti intemogatedthe captwed soldier. 2. To put a questionto (someone). interrogation noun A requestfor data. interrogator noun One who conductsan official itqtiry, usu. with no regardfor humanrights. interrogatory nurn Lau. A requestfor data. interruPt oerb 1, To interject remarksor questionsinto another's discoursb:Hecklersintemt'ptedthe speech. 2. To stop suddenly,asa conversation,activity, relationship,etc. interruPtion nutn A cessationof continuity or regularity. intersect oerb To passthroughor over. intertangle oerb To twist together so that separationis difficult. intervention noun The act or an instanceof interfering. intestine adiectioe 1. Of, pertainingto, or arisingfrom one'smental or spiritual being. 2. Obg Located farther in. intimacY rwun The conditionof b"tttg friends. intimater adiectine l. Characteizedby a closeand thorough acquaintance;hasan intimnte knowledgeof drug dealing. 2. Yery closelyassociated. 3. Indicating intimacy and mutual trust. intimate noun A personwhom one knows well, likes, and trusts. intimate adiectioe Of, pertainingto, or arisingfrom one'smental or spiritualbeing. intimate2 unlb To conveyan idea by indirect, subtle means. intimation rmu.n 1. A subtle pointing out. 2. A slight amount. intimidate oerb To domineeror drive into complianceby the useof threats,force, etc.:nwb membersintimidnting local merchants. intimidation noun An expressionof the intent to hurt or punishanother.

EXPLANATORY. RELATION.

RELATION.

1. Syns: cross-examine, cross-interrogate, cross-question, grill (lnformal), thirddegree. -Idionx grve some_gnethe third degree, Put on the grill. 2. esr. INQUIRY. TNQUTSTTOR.

INQUIRY.

l. Syns: break in, chime in, chiP in, cut in. 2. suspsND.

BREAK NOUN,

cnoss oerb. ENTANCLE. MEDDLING

NOUN.

1. rxNnn. 2. wNrn. FRIENDSHTP.

1. Syns; direct, firsthand, inside, personal.

2. r.rvrr-LtR adiectioe. 3. counpBNTrAL. FRIEND. INNER.

ratvr oerb. 1. ruNr rtoun. 2. srreor rraun. Syns; bludgeon, browbeat, bulldoze, bully, bullyrag, cow, hector, strong-arm (Infornnl), threaten. THREAT.

intimidator intimidator rwun Onewhois habituallycruelto smalleror weaker people. intoferable adiec"tit:e

524 BULLY |WUN.

Not capable of being endured or tolerated.

intolerairce no.Ln

IrraUonal quspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion. "adiectioe intoferant l. Not tolerant of the beliefs, opinions, etc., of others: an intobrant ol"d-Ihw consensatioe. 2. Not able or willing to tolerate or endure with equanimityz intol.erunt of eoerything unfamilinr. InlOnatlOn noun A particular vocal quality that indicates some emotion or feelinq.

intoxicate" tnrb To makedrunk. intoxicating ad,iectioe Providing inspiratjon.

PREJUDTCE rloun.

1. Syns; bigoted, close-minded, hidebound, illiberal, narrow, narrowminded, small-minded. 2. Syns: impatient, unforbearing.

INEBRIATE.

INSPIRING.

intoxicati6n ranun l. The condition of being intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. - 2. An ex?ggerated feeling of well-being and pleasure.

intractabifi[ rwtrn . The -qqalityor stateof being stubbornlyunyielding. intractable adiectioe Tenaciouslyunwilline to vield. intransigen'ce or intrinsigency noun The or state of being stubbornly unyielding. qu"tity . fmranslgenGy raa,tn intransigent aQectbe l. Having or showinguncompromisingdetermination or resolutionin purposeor action. 2. Tenaciouslyunwilling to yield. intrepid adiecthse Having or showingcourage. intrepidity noun the guality of mind enablingone to face dangeror hardshipresolutely. intricacy rwun Somethingcomplex. "adiecitoe intricate l. Difficult to understanddue to intricacy. 2. Complexlv detailed. ^ intrigue ,.un l. A secretplan to achievean evil or illegal end. 2. The seriesof eventsand relationshipsforming the basisof a composition. intrigue oerb l. To work out a secretplan to achievean evil or illegal end. 2. To arousethe interestand attentionof. intrinsic adiectioe l. Forming an essentialelement. 2. Of or arisingfrom the mostbasicstructureof an individual. introduce wrb l. To bring into currency,use,fashion,or practice: Autonwbil.esusereintroducedfor com.rnercialrce in the twmtieth cmtury.

1. OnUr\fertumed seoeral sailboats. 2. To britrg about the downfall of. OVefYleW rwnn A generalor comprehensiveview or treatment. Overuveening adiecthse Overly convincedof one'sown superiorityand importance. ovenveight adiectioe Havingtoo much flesh. ovenvh6lm wrb l. To render totally ineffectiveby decisived,efeat:AII resistanceuos oDenDhelnwd by the blitzkrieg attack. Our team ooennhelmedthe oidtors 20 to L

2. To affect deeply or completely,aswith emotion: Cri"f ownohelnted the bereaoedparents. 3. To affect as if by an outpouringof water. ovenvhefming adiectioe 1. Awesomelyor forbiddingly intense. 2. Of zucha characteras to overwhelm. ovifOrm adiectioe Resemblingan egg in shape.

662 BULKY.

sEEoversize. 1. ossrnucr. 2. nnvopn. sLEEPrN at sleep. EXACGERATE.

EXAGGERATION. EXCEED. SURPLUS NOUN,

SURPLUS TIAUN,

l. carcH up at catch. 2. pxs oerb. 1. Syns; bring down, overfurn, subvert, topple, tumble, unhorse. 2. ovpnrunN,

DEFEAT NDUN. INTRODUCTION, ADVANCES.

1. Syns; knock over, overthrow, topple, turn over, upset. 2. ovBnrunow. SURVEY NOUN. ARROGANT.

rrr adiectiae. 1. Syns; annihilate (Informal), blast (Slnng), clobber (Slnng), crearn (Slang), drub, massacre(Informal), overpower, shellac (Slang), smear (Slang), smother, steamroller, tlrash, trounce, wallop (Informal). 2. Syns: crush, engulf, overcome, overpower, prostrate. 3. prooo oerb. 1. rowrnrNc. 2. sreccnnruc. OVAL.

packed

663 ovoid also ovoidal adiecthse Resemblingan egg in shaPe. ovoidaf adiectioe olved adiecttue Owed as a debt. owing adiectwe Owed as a debt. OWn oerb 1. To keep at one'sdisPosal. 2. To ,""69oo., often ieluctantly, the reality or truth of' Ownef rwu'n A person who has legal titte to properlryzthe oumerof a largeestate. ownershiP nuun of a thing: Oumership 1. Legai right to the po-ssession ofihe f*nry Passedto the rryheu' 2. The fact of Possessing. Ox noun A large, ungainly,and dull-witted person'

pabfum nou,n That which sustainsthe mind or spirit. paGe rmu'n Rate of motion or Performance. pace oerb To go on foot. paciffu aho Pacifical adiectirse Inclined or disposedto peace;not quarrelsomeor unruly. pacifisi alsopacifistic a'd;iectioe Inclined or disposedto peace;not quarrelsomeor unruly. pacifistic adiectioe pacify oerb ' To Lase the anger or agitation of: Shem'anngedto pacxf7the irati cnstomerby offering a full refund'

pack aerb 1. To fill to excessby compressingor squeezingUght]/' 2. To make or becomefull; put into as much as can be held. 3. lnfonrwl. To hold on one'sPerson. pack noun i. e.t organizedgoup of criminals,hoodlums,or wrongdoers. 2. A great deal. package oerb To cover and tie (somethitg), with paper and string. "t packed ad;iecth;e 1. Having all parts near to eachother. 2. Completelyfilled.

3J*uoio. ovn ad,iecthse. ovn adiectiae. 1. Hevr. 2. ecxNowLEDGE.

Syns; holder, master, Possessor, proprietor. L. Syns: dominion, Possession, proprietorship, title. 2. possnssrorq. LUtrlPrnuun.

FOOD. SPEED f10un.

wt:^;x oerb. PEACEABLE.

PEACEABLE.

sEEpacifist. Syns; appease, assuage,calm, calm down, conciliate, dulcify, gentle, milden, mollify, placate, proPitiate, soften, soothe, iweeten.- -ldtorn pour oil on troubled waters. L. cnowo oerb. 2. rrr-r-. 3, crnnv oerb. 1. ceNc. 2. lg;ntp rwlrn. wnl.p oerb. 1. rnrcx adiectirse. 2. rvn.

pact paCt twun 1. An act or stateof agreeingbetweenparties regardinga courseof action. 2. A formal, u2. written settlementbetweennations. paddy twun Slang.A memberof a law-enforcementagency. pain twun l. A sensationof physicaldiscomfortoccurringas the result of diseaseo1 injury: a pain in my left ankle. A statgof physicalor mental sufiering.!. 3. One that makesanothertotally miserableby causing sharp pain and irritation. Pain oerb l. To have or causea feelingof physicalpain or discomfort. 2. To causesufferingor painful sorrow to. painful adiectitx 1. Mar\e$-by,-causing,or experiencingphysicalpain: a Winful back iniury. 2. Difficult to accept. pains rwun 1. Attentivenessto detail. 2. The useof enerry to do something. painstaking adieaiae Showingor markedby attentivenessto all aspectsor details. painstaking nou.n Attentivenessto detail. paif rwun l. Two personsunited, as by marriage:toastedthe happy pair. 2. Two items of the samekind together. paired adiecttue Consistingof two identical or similar related things, parts,or elements. pa'l rrxun Informal. One who keepscompanywith another. pafadin noun 4 p:r.*" reveredesp. for noble courage. pafatial a"diectioe Characterizedby extravagant,ostentatious magnificence. pafaver twun Incessantand usu.inconsequentialtalk. palaver wrb To talk volubly, persistentl/, and usu. inconsequentially. pafe adibctiw l. Lacking color: a paleface. 2. Being weak i" qrralityor substance:a paLe, uninspiring carnpaignspeech. 3. Of a moderatelywhite color. pale oerb To lose normal coloration;turn pale: He palnd uhen he rea.dthc telcgrarn. pafinode ,uU To disavow (somethingpreviouly written or said) irrevocably and usu. formally. palinode troun A formal statementof disavowal.

l. ecnrrurur. 2. rnnary. POLICEMAN.

1. Syns; ache, misery (Informal), p"rg, smart, soreness,stitch, throe, twinge. 2. orsrnnss noun. 3. rHonN noun.

l. ruunr oerb. 2. orsrnrss oerb. 1. Syns; aching, affiictive, hurtful, smarting, sore. 2. errrpn. 1. rnonoucHNESS. 2. rpronr. CAREFLTL.

THOROUGHNESS.

1. Syns; couple, duo, twosome. 2. couprn rwun. rww adiectioe.

ASSOCIATE IIOUN. HERO. LUXURIOUS.

CHATTER

TWUN.

cr^trtnn

oerb.

l. Syns; ashen, ashy, blanched, bloodless, cadaverous, colorless, livid, lurid, pallid, pasty, sallow, wan, waxen. 2. Syns: anemic, bloodless, pallid, waterish, watery. 3. rern o.diectioe. Syns.' blanch (also blench), bleach, etiolate, wan. RETRACT.

RETRACTION.

Pangloss

665 paff aerb To fatiguewith dullnessor tedium. oaf ' liate oerb 1. To makelesssevereor morebearable' 2.To gve a deceptivelyattractiveappearanceto' 3. To Eoncealo. ittuk" iight of a fault or offense' pallid adiectrce 1. Beingweak in qualrtyor substance' 2. Lackingcolor. palm off oerb To ofier or put into circulation (an inferior or spurious item). palp oerb ' To bring into contact with, esp.by meansof the hands or fingeis,so as to give or receivea physicalsensation' rwun palpabllitY ' The q.riity or condition of being discernibleby touch' pafpable adiectioe 1. DiscerniblebY touch. 2. Capableof b6ing noticed or apprehendedmentally' palpate oerb ' To bring into contact with, esp.by meansof the hands or fingeis,so as to give or receivea physicalsensation' palpation nuun An act of touching. palpitate oerb To make rhythmic contractions,sounds,or movements' oerb oalter ' 1. To stray from truthfulnessor sincerity. 2. To argueabout the terms of, as of a sale' rwun oaftriness ' ContemptibleunimPortance. adiectioe paftry 1. Of decidelYinferior qualrtY. 2. Not broad-orelevatedin scopeor understanding' 3. ContemPtiblYunimPortant. oerb pamPer ' To treat with indulgenceand often overtendercare' oerb Dan -lnsorrnnl.To find fault with' pin out oerb Infonnnl. To turn out well. pan rwun Slnng.The front surfaceof the head. 'PanaGea rtoun Somethingbelievedto cure all humandisorders:Money is not the parnceafor humnn sufering. pandemic ad;iectioe So pervasiveand all-inclusive asto exist in or affect the whole world. pandemonium rtauxl Soundsor a sound,esp.when loud, confused,or disagreeable. panegyrize oerb l. To pay tribute or homageto. 2. To honor (God)in religiousworship. rmun pang ' f . e sensationof physical discomfort occurring as the result of diseaseor injury. 2. A sudden,sharp,painful feeling. Pangloss nuun One who expectsa favorable outcome or dwells on hopeful aspects.

song. oerb, 1. nBr,rnvr. 2. coLor- aerb. 3. rxrnrvuerr. 1. per-n ad;iectioe. 2. plrn adiectirse. FOIST.

rovcs oerb.

TANGIBILITY.

1. teNcrsr-n. 2. pnncnpuslr. roucrt oerb.

TOUCHrWUn. r;etr oerb. 1. rqurvocern. 2. rrecclr. PETTINESS.

1. snooov. 2. NARnow. 3. prrrv. r,ABvoerb. r;tlMn aerb. SUCCEED. FACE NAUN.

Syns: catholicon, cure-all, heal-all.

ad.iectiae. uNTVERSAL

NOrSEnOUn.

1. rroxon oerb. 2. pnttsn oerb. 1. p.alN rtoltn. 2. pnrcx rtuun. OPTIMIST.

Panglossian Pangfossian adiectilse Expectinga favorableoutcomeor dwelling on hopeful aspects. panhandle wrb Slqg.To askor askfor ascharity. panhandler nnun S4"g.One who begshabituallyor for a living. panlc nDun l. Great agitationand anxietycausedby the _ expectationor the realizationof danger. 2. Slang.Somethingor someoneuproariouslyfunny or absurd. panic oerb To fill with fear. panoply noun An impressiveor ostentatiousexhibition. pan Out oerb Pant oerb l. To breathehard: roaspanting after climbing six

flreh*.

2. To utter in a breathlessmanner. 3. To have a stronglongingfor. pap nuun That which sustainsthe mind or qpirit. papef rwurl A relatively brief discoursewritten esp.as an exercise. pappy a.diectiae Yieldingeasilyto pressureor weight; not firm. paf noun 1. The state of being equivalent. 2. something, as a t1pe, number, quantity, or degree, that represents a midpoint betwien extremes on a scale of vduation. pafade ntrun 1. A formal military inspecUon. 2. An impressive or ostentatious exhibition. parade oerb To make a public and usu. ostentatious show of.

paradigm nmun

One that is worthy of imitation or duplication.

paradigmatic adiectioe

Having the natureof, constituting,or servingas a tyPe. paradisaiG?l or paradisiacal adiectioe Of or relatingto heaven. paradise ,roin A stateof elatedbliss. paradisiacal adiectioe paragOn noun A personor thing so excellentas to have no equal or match. paragraph noun A usu.brief detail of newsor information. paraf fef adiecthse f . Lyi"g in the same plane and not intersecting: Railroad traclcsare paralleL 2. Possessingthe same or almost the same characteristics. parallel nuun Something closely resembling or analogous to sornething elsru:The rank of anny captain is the paralbl of the rank of natsg lieutenant.

OPTIMISTIC.

BEG. BEGGAR TNUN,

l. rnen naun. 2. scneAM rwun.

FRIGHTEN. DISPLAY TWUN.

sEEpan. 1. Syns; blowl, gasp, heave, hufi, pufi. 2. cesp. 3. nnsnn oerb. FOOD. COMPOSITION. SOFT.

1. EeurvALENCE. 2. AvERAGEnoun.

1. npvlEw noun. 2. orspr,ay noun. orcprtv aerb. MODEL |WUN, TYPICAI.

HEAVENLY. HEAVEN.

snnparadisaical. NONPAREIL

NOUN,

ITEM.

1. Syns; coextensive, collateral, concurrent. -Idiom side by side. 2. rrysz.

Syns; analogon, analogue, congener, correlate, correspondent, counterpart, countertype, match.

Parity

667 parallel Derb 1. To be equal or alike. 2, To representas similar. 'pafalyze oerb f . io render helpless,asby emotion: Sudd'en fear paralyzedhim.

1. coupenn. 2. uxBN. 1. Syns; benumb, numb, stun, stuPefY. -ldioms cut the ground from under, knock the ProPs out from under. 2. orsesr-p.

2. To render powerlessor motionlessby inflicting severeiniurY. paral|zed ad;iectioe HELPLESS. Unable to managefor oneself. adiecttue paramounl PRIMARY. Most important,influential,or significant' pafamOUf rwun A person'sregularsexualpartner. 'paraPhernalia rmun OUTFIT |IDUN. Thingsneededfor a task,journey,or other Purpose' 'paraphrase rwun Syns: rendering restatement" rewording, A iestating of somethingin -other,esp' simpler, words: translation, version. text' Latin of the u:ill uvrite-aparaphrase paraphrase oerb Syns: rephrase, restate, reword, translate. To eipressthe meaningof in other, esp.-simpler, words^,paraphraseda passagefrun fhe Bible' parasite rwun Syns: barnacle, bloodsucker, freeloader One who dependson anotherfor support without hanger-on, leech, sPonge. (Slang), reciprocatingza kingsunu-mdedbg parasites' parasltic dsJparasltical adiectiue Syns; bloodsucking, freeload ing (Slartg). Of or characteristicof a parasite:Ieadsa parasitic eristence. parboil oerb To cook (food) in liquid heated to the point of steaming' sotr. Derb. parGel nou,n 1. nrvrsroN. l. One of the parts into which somethingis divided' 2. r.or rwun. 2. A pieceof land. parcel oerb DISTRIBUTE. To give out in Portionsor shares. pafch rserb onv oerb. To make or becomefree of moisture. ad;iectilse parched 1. onv adiectioe. 1. Having little or no liquid or moisture. rnrnsrv. 2. drink. desiring or 2. Needing pardon oerb FORGIVE. To grant forgivenessfor a fault, offense,or injury' pardon rt0un FORGIVENESS. The act or an instanceof forgiving. pardonable ad;iectioe Syns; condonable, excusable, forgivable, Admitting of forgivenessor pardon: a pardnrnble venial. offerxe;spokeuith pardonableprid'e. pare oerb CUT BACK. To decrease,as in length or amount,by or as if by or excising. severing parent oerb PRODUCE. To causeto come into existence. pafentage nuun ANCESTRY. One'sancestorsor their character. parenthesis noun 1. ntcnnssrow. 1. The act of digessing. 2. nrcnBssroll. 2. An instanceof digressing. parenthetic alsopar6nthelical ad;iecthse DIGRESSIVE. Marked by or grvento digression. parity noun EQUTVALENCE. The state of being equivalent.

parlance parlance rwun Choice of words and the way in which thev are used. parfey nmun 1. Spoken exchange. 2. \\e act or process of dealing with another to reach an agreement. 3. An exchange of views in an attempt to reach a decision. parley oerb To meet and exchange views to reach a decision. parfous ad.iecthse Archab.Involving possible risk, loss, or injury. parochial a^diectioe Having the restricted outlook often characteristic of geographic isolation. parOdy rwun l. A usu. amtsing caricature of another. 2. A false, derisive, or impudent imitation of something. parody oerb To copy (the manner or expression of another), esp. in an exaggerated or mocking way. parOxysm rvrun l. A condition of anguished struggle and disorder. 2. A violent, excruciating seizure of pain. parrOt noun One who mindlessly imitates another. parrot wrb To copy (another) slavishly. o€,rry oerb To furn or drive away: He stood, susord in hand,, ready n po^l his opponent. parsimonious adiectioe Ungenerouly or pettily reluctant to spend money. pafsOn noun A person ordained for service in a Chrisilan church. part rwun l. One's proper or expected function in a common effort: Ewryotle must do his part. 2. One of the individual entities contributing to a whole. 3. One of the parts into which something is divided. 4. That which is allotted. 5. A particular subdivision of a written work. 6. One of two or more opposing opinions, actions, or attifudes, as in a disagreement. part oerb 1. To make a division into parts, sections, or branches. 2. To terminate a relationship or association by or as if by leaving one another. part ad,iectioe Pertaining to or affecting only a part; not total. partake oerb l. To have a share in (an act, result, etc.); have a hand in. 2. To involve oneself in (an activity). 3. To take (food) into the body as nourishment. partial adiecthse l. Pertaining to or affecting only a part; not total: a partbl solutioru partial nrccess. 2. Disposed to favor one over another. 3. Exhibifing bias.

\vORDING.

1. corwnnsarroN. 2. rlu.x twun. 3. onr.rsrnATroN.

CONFER. DANGEROUS. LocAL

adiectir;e.

1. rexrorp at take off. 2. uocxrny.

IMITATE.

1. rnnon. 2. rnnoe. ECHO fU)Un.

ncno aerb. Syns: beat off, fend off, keep off, repel, repulse, ward off. STINGY. PREACHER.

l. Syns; piece, role (a/so r6le), share. 2. Br,nuBNr. 3. 4. 5. 6.

orvrsrox. err,orurNr. srcrroN naun. sron.

1. uvror. 2. sBpenarn oerb.

PARTIAL.

l. coNrnrsurn. 2. p,q.nrrcrPATE.

3. rar. 1. Syns; fractional,fragmentary, part.

2 . FAVORABLE. 3 . BIASED,

parturiencY

669 partiality noun 1. An inclination for or against that inhibits impartial judgment. 2. An inclination to something. 3. Favorable, Preferential bias. 4. A liking or personal prefelence for something'

1. sres noun.

2. 3. r'avon noun. 4. resrn nau,n.

partialness naun Favorable, preferential bias.

particiPanl rwun One who participates: pri'z,esfor all participants in the touma:nwnt.

oerb particiPate '

To involve oneself in (an activity): participated in a lioela corwersation.

particiPation nnun The act or fact of participati\g trying to increase

FAVOR tWUn.

Syns; actor, party.

Syns: carry on, engage, have, indulge, partake. -Idiorn take Part. Syns: involvement, sharing.

participatian in the politinal process.

particle noun A tinv amount.

particular nnun

1. One of the condiUonsor factsattendingan event and having somebearingon it. 2. A small,often specializedelementof a whole' 3. An individuallytonsideredportion of a whole' particular adiectioe i. Of, relating to, or intended for a distinctive thing or goup. Z. Ltraracterizedby attentionto detail. 3. Alone in a given category. 4. Yery difficult to Please. particularitY rwtn The qualrty of being individual. particularize oerb To make sPecific. adiectioe particulariied Characterizedby attention to detail. parting rcun ' of two or more people:feeling sad at A separaUon their parting. parting adiectioe bf, dott", given,or saidon departing:parting u>ords;a parting $ft. partisan rwun One who supportsand adheresto another. partisan ad;iectiae Exhibiting bias. partition rmu,n 1. A solid structurethat enclosesan :rea or separates one areafrom another. 2. The act or an instanceof separatingone thing from another. partition oerb l. To separatewith or as if with a wall. 2. To m-akea divisioninto parts,sections,or branches' partner nou,n 1. One who is united in a relationshipwith another. 2. A husbandor wife. partnershiP noun The stateof being associated. parturiency noun The condition of carrying a developing fetus within the uterus.

Brrl. 1. crncunrsrANcE. 2. pprerr- rnun. 3. Br-nrursr.I'r. 1. sppcnr,. 2. ogrerr.ep. 3. r-owp. 4. wIcn. INDIVIDUALITY. STIPULATE. DETAILED.

Syns: adieu, farewell, good-by or goodbye, leave-taking. Syns: departing, farewell, good-by ar good-bye, valedictory. FOLLOWER. BIASED.

1. wer,r, noun. 2. orvrsIoN.

L. wN-t- oerb. 2. orvrop. 1. essocre'rg twun. 2. spousn. ASSOCIATION.

PREGNANCY.

parturient parturienl adiectioe Carrying a developing fetus within the uterus. parturition rwtrn The act or process of bringing forth young. party rwun l. A large or important social gathering: a party at the White House. 2. A group of performers. 3. A usu. small number of individuals. 4. A goup of individuals united in a common cause. 5. One who participates. 6. Infomwl. A member of the human race. paSS oerb l. To catch up with and move past: cars passing w on all sides. 2. To be greater or better than. 3. To use time in a particular way. 4. To go through (life) in a certain way. 5. To move along a particular course. 6. To journey over (a specified distance). 7. To cause to be transferred from one to another: Passyour plate for seconds.Did you poss the usord al.ong? 8. To give or convey (something) from one generation to the next. 9. To come as by lot or inheritance. 10. To take place. ll. To make known. 12. To cause (a disease)to pass to another or others. 13. To be accepted or approved: The matinn passed by a widz margin. 14. To accept officially: The Senate ooted to pass the resolutint. 15. To move toward a termination. 16. To cease living. 17. To represent oneself in a given character or as other than what one is. pass away oerb l. To cease living. 2. To move toward a termination. pass off oerb To offer or put into circulation (an inferior or spurious item). pass out aerb Inforrnal. To suffer temporary loss of consciousness. paSSOver oerb To pretend not to see. Pass ftoun 1. A free ticket entitling one to transportation or admission: a flwuie passfor stud.ents. 2. A decisive point. passable adibctioe l. Capable of being passed, traversed, or crossed: The highways are passabl" f* the frst time sirrce the bliz,zard. 2. Of moderately good quality but less than excellent. passage noun 1. The process or an instance of passing from one form, state, or stage to another. 2. A particular subdivision of a written work.

pass away wrb

670 PREGNANT. BIRTH TWUN.

1. Syns; affair, bash (Slnng), do (Slang), festivity, fete (also f6te), funcUon, gala, occasion,soiree (a/so soiree). 2. SAND2noun. 3. cnoup nyun. 4. coNaeNEnoun. 5. panrlcrPANT, 5. HuuaN BErNc. l. Syns; overhaul, overtake. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7,

sunpess. sprNo. rnto aerb. co oerb. rnavpnsn aerb. Syns: convey, hand (over), transmit.

8. uer.roDowN at hand. 9. rtrr aerb. 10. co*rn. 11,. couuuNrcATE. 12. cortntauNrcATE. 13. Syns; carry, clear. 14. Syns; adopt, approve. 15. co oerb. 16. orr. L7, posn oerb.

L. om. 2. co aerb. FOIST.

BLACK OUT. BLINK AT at blink. 1. Syns; comp (lnformal), freebee) (Slang).

freebie (aho

2. cnrsrs. 1. Syns; navigable, negotiable.

2. ecceerenr-n. 1. rnaNsrrroN. 2. sncrloN twun. sEEpass.

PatchY

67L pass6 adiectioe Of a style or method formerly in vogue. passel nou'n Re$ornl. An indeterminatelygreat amountor number' passing adiectioe Lastingor existingonly for a short time. passing noun The act or fact of dYing. passion nmnl, 1. Powerful,intenseemotion:a sennonfilled uith passion;shousrn passionin his acting'

OLD-FASHIONED. IIF,AP |WUN, TRANSITORY.

DEATH.

1. Syns: ardor, fervencY, ferviditY, fervidness, fervor, fite. -Idiom fire and brimstone. 2. uovn rwurt.

2.The passionateaffectionand desirefelt by lovers for eachother. 3. rwrerueuox. 3. An extravagant,short-livedromantic attachment' 4. opsrnn rwun. 4. Sexualhunger. devotionto or interestin a cause,subject,etc. 5. rNrrrusresu. 5. Passionate 5. nxmusresu. 6. A subjector acUvity+11inspireslively interest' 7. tovn noun. 7. A strong,enthusiasticliking for something' 8. tnupBn rwun. 8. An ansy outburst. passionate adiecthse 1. Syns; ardent, blazing, burning, 1. Fired with intensefeeling:a passionaterebuttal'

2. Feeling or devoted to sexual love or desire.

passionless adiectioe Deficient in or lacking sexualdesire. passive adiectioe Submitting without objecUonor resistancezremaitwd passioewhen sentenceuas Passed. pass otf oerb pass out oerb paSSOVer oerb past a.diectioe 1. fust goneby or elapsed:Iurwhedtogetherseoeral times ihning the Past Year. 2. Havingbeen suchPreviouslY. past twun i. A fo.-"r period of time or of one'slife: You can't relioe the past. 2. Pasteventssurroundinga personor thing. 'paste oerb Slang.To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenlyand sh"fply. paste rloun Sl*rg. A suddenshaqp,powerful stroke. pastoral adiectirse Of or pertainingto the countryside. pasty ad;iecthse Lacking color. patch oerb To restoreto proper conditionor functioning. patchwork noun A collection of variousthings. patchy adiecthse Lacking consistencyor regularity in quality or performance.

dithyrambic, fervent, fervid,_fiery, fireand-brimstone, flaming, hot-blooded, impassioned, Perfervid, red-hot, scorching, torrid. 2. nnorrc. FRIGID.

Syns; acquiescent, nonresistant, nonresisting, resigned, submissive, yielding. sEEpass. sEEpass. sEEpass. L. Syns: antecedent, anterior, foregoing, former, precedent, preceding, previous, prior. 2. urrn adiectioe. 1. Syns; yesterday, yesteryear, yore. -ldimm^s bygone daYs, daYs gone bY' the good old daYs, the old daYs. 2. nrsronv. r'tr oerb.

slow2. couNTRY ad,iectioe. eN-r. adiectiae. ptx oerb. ASSORTMENT.

UNEVEN.

pate Pate twun The uppermostpart of the body. patent adieaioe l. !*ity seenthrough due to a lack of subtlety. 2. Readilyseen,perceived,or understood. paternal adiectitn Like a father. path nuun A courseaffordingpassagefrom one place to another. pathetic ad,iectir:i Arousingor deservingpity. paUenGe rwun The capacityof enduringhardshipor inconvenience without co_mplaint: neededreal patience r:r:ltto respond to hi"sir:'sl.;lts. patient adiectirn Enduring or capableof enduringhardshipor inconveniencewithout complaintza quiet and patient motherof four.

672 }IEAD IWUN.

l. uxsusrr.r. 2. eppenrNr. FATHERLY. \vAY. PITTFUL.

Syns: forbearance, long-sufiering, resignation.

Syns: forbearing, long-sufiering, resigned.

patois ,*i"

An o_ftenregionalform of a languagenot considered standard. patriarch rorun One that creates,founds,or originates. patrician adiectitx Of-high birth or socialposition. patriciate lwun Peopleof the highestsociallevel. patrimonial adiecthse Of or from one'sancestors. patrimony rwrn Any_qpecialprivilege accordeda firstborn. patrol oerb To maintainor keep in order with or as if with police. patrolman noun A member of a law-enforcementaqency. patron rw.rn l. A personwho supportsor championsan activity, institution, etc.: a patron of the arts. 2. One who buys_ gogdsor services:a regularpatron lcwDn to alJ the deaLers. patronage twun 1. Aid or zupportSvel by a patron: hopedto gain the patrorwgeof the rbh and infltrcntial 2. The commercialtransactionsof customerswith a _ zupplier:a shop u:ith a hrge patrornge. 3. Customersor patronscollectively:send,ing aftlroLuTcefiaents of the sab to the patronnge. 4. The political appointrnentsor jobs that are at the disposalof those in power: dispensedpatrorwgeto the party reguhrs in her ward. -patronization noun t. Aid or supportgrvenby a patron. 2. Superciliouslyindulgenttreatment,esp.of those consideredinferior. patronize oerb l. To act as a-patronto: patronizedall the worthy causesin the contrnunity. 2. To treat in a superciliouslyindulgent manner. patronizing nmm Super-ciliouslyindulgent treatrnent, esp. of those consideredinferior.

DIALECT.

ORIGINATOR. NOBLE. SOCIETY. ANCESTRAL. BIRTHRIGHT.

portcn oerb. POLICEMAN.

1. Syns; angel (Informal), backer, benefactor, contributor, friend, Maecenas,sponsor, supporter. 2. Syns: buyer, client, cuslomer, purchaser. 1. Syns; aegis,auspices,backing, sponsorship, patronization. 2, Syns: business, custom, trade, traffic. 3. Syn; clientele. 4. Syns: pork (Slang), spoils.

1. parnoNace. 2. couorscENsroN. 1. Syns; sponsor, support. 2. cor.rorscnr.ro. CONDESCENSION.

payoff

673 patronizing adieckoe Exhibiting condescension. pat5y rwun ' l.-Slang. A person who is easily deceived or victimized. 2. Stang. One who is made an object of blame.

pattern rwun

1. One that is worthy of imitation or duplication. 2. ln elementor componentin a decorative composiUon. 3. The externaloutline of a thing. 4. An activrty done without thinking. 5, Systematicarrangementand design. pattern oerb To take as a model. paucity rwun The condition or fact of being deficient. rroun paUpef An impoverishedPerson:The reoolutinntpattmeda ,ww generationof pa.uperswhen personalpropertg wos nntiorwlized. pauper oerb To reduceto financialinsolvencY. paUse oerb l, To stop temporarilyand remain,s ff reluctant to leave:pawed for a uhil.e at a-mwll cafd. 2. To be irresolutein acting or doing. pause noun A cessationof continuity or regularity. PaWnl 'To*ethi"gnoun Su"t to guaranteethe r-epaymentof-a loan or the fulfillment of an obligation:left her ieuels as pawrs for her brother's debt. pawn oerb To give or depositas a pawn: paumedhis typeuniter for ihe price of a meal. -DaWn2 nou,n by others:woa a p&wn xn A-petsottusedor c_ontrolled control. political thZ stru,gg;le for pay Derb 1. To give paymentto in return for goodsor-services tendeted' uos preporedn pay hbn $100for the chair. 2, To give compensationto. 3. To set riglt by grving what is due. 4. To distribute (money)as payment. 5. To make asincomeor Profit. pay back oerb To exactrevengefor. pay rwun Pavmentfor work done. pay;ble ad.iectioe Owed as a debt. pay back oerb payment rwun Somethinggven in exchangefor goodsor services renderedirbquiredimnediate paytnentfor the deliaery. payOff twurt pay off oerb l. lnfomnl. To give, offer, or promisea bribe to. 2. To exact revengefor.

1. pupn rwun. 2. sceprcoer. 1. rr,ropnr-nuun. 2. rrcunn rnun. 3. ronu twun. 4. nesrr. 5. unrnoo.

SHORTAGE.

Syns: beggar, down-and-out, have-not, indigent.

nv:,ntoerb. l. Syns: abide, bide, linger, tarry, wait. 2. nnsrrern. BREAK IWI'N.

Syns; earnest, guaJanty, pledge, secunty, token, warrant.

Syns; dip (Brit. Slnng), hock (/nformal), hlpothecate, impignorate, mortgage, pignorate, pledge, pop (Brit. Slnng). Syns: cat's-paw (aho cats-Paw), instrument, puPpet, stooge, tool. 1. Syns; compensate, recompense, remunerate. 2. 3. 4. 5.

coupnNserB. srrrr.r. sprxo. nnrunN oerb.

AVENGE.

weces(s) rw.tn. ovn adiecthse. sEE pay. Syns: compensation, consideration, recompense, remuneration. sEE pay off. l. nanr;noerb. 2. evrncn.

payola payoff rroun l. Inforrwl. Money,property, or a favor given,ofiered, or promised to a person in a position ol trust as an inducement to dishonestbehavior. 2. Infomwl The higlrestpoint or state. payOE rwun Sbog. Money,properly, or a favor given, ofiered,or promised to a perrcn in a position of trust as an inducementto dishonestbehavior. peaceable adiecth:e Inclined or disposedto peace;not quarrelsomeor unnrly: met in a peaceablcspirit. peacefirl odiectirn Inclined or-disposedto peace; not quarrelsomeor unruly. peaches.and.cream adiecthn Bright and clear; not dull or faded. peacock wrb To walk with exaggeratedor unnahual motions expressiveof self-importanceor selfdisplay. peak rwun l. The higbestpoint. 2.\\e highestpoint or state. 3. T" gqeatestquantity or higlrestdegreeattainable. peak dieaioe Of or constituting a climax. peak oerb To re_achor bring to a climax. peaked adieaioe Of or associatedwith sickness. Peaky adiecthse Of or associatedwith sickness. peal wrb To grve forth or causeto grve forth a clear, resonant sound. peanUtS rwun Slog.A smallor trifing amountof money:sold his car for peanuts. pearl rwun Someoneor somethingconsideredexceptionally precious. peGcant adiec'tioe Morally obiectionable. 'rrott; peCkl l. Infonnal. An indeterminatelygreat amountor number. 2. lnfornwl. A geat deal. peck2 twun 1. Somethingfit to be eaten. 2. The act or an instanceof kissing. peck oerb l. To touch or caresswith the lips, esp.as a sign of passionor affection. 2. To scold or find fault constantlv. pecksniffery nmun A show or expressionof feelingsor beliefs one doesnot achrally hold or possess. pecksniffian adieaioe Of or practicing hypocrisy. peculiar odiecthn l. Deviating from the customary. 2. Servingto identify or set apart an individual or goup.

674 1. snrsnnoun. 2. cr,n"rexrwun. BRIBE TWUN,

Syns; irenic, pacific (olso pacifical), pacifist (ako paafistic), peaceful. PEACEABLE.

FRESH. STRUT.

1. nrIcnr. 2. cr,urrex naun. 3. r"rexruuM noun, CLIMACTIC.

ct tv^l.x aerb. SICKLY. SICKLY. nrNG2.

Syns:chickenfeed (Slang),two bits (tnformal). TREASURE |WUN.

nwr. adiectiae. l. rrcep twun. 2. Hnep noun. 1. nooo. 2. xlss noun. l. xtss aerb. 2. wec. ITYPOCRISY.

ITYPOCRITICAL.

1. rccrvrnrc adiectioe. 2. orsrwcrrvr.

peelvee

675 pelplexing. puzzlement; 3. Causing peculiarity rwun 1. A distinctiveelement. 2. Peculiarbehavior. pecuniary adiectioe Of or relating to financesor thosewho deal in finances. rwun pedagogics tIhJact, process,or art of impartingknowledgeand skill. pedagogist rwun One who educates. pedagogue noun One who educates. -pedagos/ rnun Thtact, process,or art of impartingknowledgeand skill. pedantic dso pedantical adiecthse Characterizedby a narrow concernfor book learningand formal rules,without knowledgeor experienceof practical matters: a pedantic attention to details. peddle oerb ' 1. To travel about sellinggoods:loadedthe trunk uith applesand nsentPeddling. 2. To offer for sale. 3. To engagein the illicit saleof (narcotics). pedestrian adiectioe Lacking liveliness,charm, or surprise. pedigree naun 1. A written record of ancestry. 2. One'sancestorsor their character. peek oerb To look briefly and quicklY. Peek nxun A quick look. peef nou,n The outer coveringof a fruit. peel aerb To removethe skin of. peep oerb To look briefy and quicklY. peep rwun A quick look. peerl oerb To look intently and fixedly. peer noun An intent, fixed look. peef2 rwu.n One that is very similar to anotherin rank or posiUon: reuiewedby their peers.Sheis the dnctors'competerrcy peer of any tennis plnyer on the professionalcircuit. peerless adiectioe Without equal or rival. peeve oerb To trouble the nervesor peaceof mind of, esp.by repeatedvexations. peeve noun Somethingthat annoys. peevish adiectine 1. Easily annoyed. 2. Having or showinga bad temper. peewee ad,iectioe Extremely small.

3. ruurv. 1. quer.rrv. 2. uccBvrRIcITY. FINANCIAL. EDUCATION.

EDUCATON. EDUCATOR. EDUCATION.

Syns.' academic, bookish, booky, donnish, formalistic, inkhorn, quodlibetic, scholastic. L. Syns: hawk, huckster, vend. 2, snu, oerb. 3. puss oerb. ovu- adiectioe. 1. cnrveer-ocv. 2. aNcrsrnv. crtupsr, oerb. 'cr-eNcBl

nDun.

SKIN '?OU'?,.

srtN oerb, crtvrpsn oerb. cLeNcEl froun. ctzn oerb. GAZ'Enown. Syns: coequal, colleague, comPeer, equal, equivalent, fellow.

UNIQUE. ANNOY.

ANNOYANCE. IRRITABLE. ILL-TEMPERED. TINY.

peg peg noun One of the units in a course,ason an ascendinqor descending scale. pejorative odiectioe Tendingor intendingto belittle. pelagic adiectioe Of or relatingto the seasor oceans. peff noun Something,ascoins,printed bills, etc., usedas a mediumof exchange. peffucid adiectitse Free from what obscuresor dims. peftr twun The skin of an animal. peft2 oerb To move swiftly. penl oerb To be the author of (a publishedwork or works). pen2 terb To confinewithin a limited area. pen3 noun Slnng.A place for the confinementof personsin lawful detention. penalize oerb To imposea fine on. penalty nuun l. A sum of moneylevied aspunishmentfor an ofiense. 2. A coercivemeasureintendedto ensurecompliance or conformity. penGhant ltoun An inclinationto something. pendulous adiectioe l. !""g or appearingto be hung from a support. 2. Given to or exhibiUnghesitatibn. penetrate oerb l. To passinto or throughby overcomingresistance: Enemysaryerspenetratedour d.eferwes. The cold petwtratedhis bones. 2. To comeor go into (a place). penetrating adiectioe l. So shalp as to causementalpain. 2. Characterizedby careful and exactevaluation. 3. Having or suggesUng keen,discerningintellect. penelfatlOn noun Sryl i" perceiving,.discriminating, or judging. penitence alsopenitency ,wui A feeling of regret for one'ssinsor misdeeds:didn't knou, how to expresshis penitence.

676 DECREE.

DISPARAGING. MARINE. MONEY,

cLEAR adiecti-ue. gtor2

noun.

nvsru aerb. PUBLISH. ENCLOSE. IALL rWUn.

rtNnz

oerb.

1. rwn2 naun. 2. sexcrroN noun.

BENT |IOUN.

1. neNcruc. 2. HnsrrnNr. l. Syns; break (through), perforate, pierce, puncture. 2. BNrnn. 1. errtlrc, 2. cnrrrcnr.. 3. rNcrsrvn. DISCERNMENT.

Syns: attrition, compunction, contriteness, contrition, remorse, remorsefulness, repentance, rue. sEEPenitence.

penitency nmun penitent odiectioe 1. Feelingor expresingreget for one'ssinsor misdeeds. l. nruonsppur. 2..Expressingor inclined to expressan apology. 2. epor.ocnnc. penitential adiectioe F99!ing.or expressingregret for one'ssinsor rnisdeeds. REMORSEFUL. penffentlary rroun A place for the confinementof personsin lawful IAIL tWUn. detention. pennant noun Fabric usedeqp.as a qymbol. Ft AGr rwun. pennifess adiec'tioe Having little or no moneyor wealth. POOR.

perception

677 pennOn rwun Fabric usedesp.as a symbol. penny-pinching a.diectioe Ungenerouslyor pettily reluctarrtto spendmoney. pensile a.d;iectioe Hung or appearingto be hung from a support. pension oerb To removefrom active service. pensive adiectioe of or expressingdeep,often melancholy l. Suggestive thoughtfulness:a perchseexpression. by, or disposedto thought. 2. Of, c-haracterized nDun PenUmbfa Comparativedarknessthat resultsfrom the blocking of liqht rays. pen'irrioris adiectioe 1. Ungenerouslyor pettily reluctantt9 spendmoney. 2. Having little or no moneyor wealth. penUry noun The conditionof being extremelypoor. people rwun Personsas an organizedbodY. people oerb To live in (a place). pep rwun l. Infonrwl. Capacityor power for work or vigorous activitv. 2. Worr;wl. A lively, emphatic, eagerquality or manner. pepper oerb 1. To direct a barrageat. 2. To mark with many small sPots. peppery a.d:iectiue i. f'utt of or characterizedby a lively, emphatic'eager quahty. 2. Easilyannoyed. peppy adiectioe l. lnfomwl. Yery brisk, alert, and high+pirited. exerting,or displayingenersi. 2.Infwwl. Possessing, 3. Disposedto action. perambulate oerb To walk at a leisurelyPace. perambulation rwu.n An act of walking esp.for pleasure. perceivable adiechoe 1. Capableof being noticed or apprehendedmentally. 2. Capableof being seen. perceive oerb 1. To be intuitively aware of: cutld' easily perceioeher uwrpressedhostilitY. 2, To apprehend(images)by useof the eyes. 3. To usethe power of vision. perceptible ad;iectioe ' f . iapable of being noticed or apprghendedmentally: spdakswith a perceptibb edgein h.erooiceushen dnWt undennenta perceptibb chartgein mtlnok. 2. Capableof being seen. perception naun 1. That which existsin the mind as the product of careful mental activity. 2. ^Ihe condition of being aware.

FLAGI rwu,n. STINGY. HANGING. NETIRE.

1. Syns; meditative, musing, tristful (Archaic), wistful. 2. rnoucnrFul. SHADE |INUN,

1. srwcv. 2. poon. POVERTY. PUBLIC

|IOUN,

INHABIT.

2. sprnrr.

1. sARnecr oerb. 2. spncxr-r. 1. sprnrrnn. 2. rnsrv. LTVELY. ENERGETIC.

3. vrconous. srnorr oerb. WALK nown. l. pnncpptrsr-n. 2. vrsrsr.n. 1. Syns; apprehend (Obs.), feel, intuit, sens€. -Idioftrs feel in one's bones, get vibrations. 2. spn. 3. t-oox oerb, 1. Syns; apprecirable, detectable, discernible, noticeable, observable, palpable, perceivable. 2. vrsrsLn. 1. rose. 2. ewennNess.

perceptive

678

perceptive ad;iecthse 1. Having or suggesting keen, discerning intellect. 2. Possessingor displaying perceptions of great accuracv and sensiUvitv.

l. wcrsrvr. 2. ,lcurn.

perceptivedess twun Skill in perceiving discriminating, or judgrng. perGh oerb To place or be placed on a narrow or insecure surface. perchance adnerb Possibly but not certainly.

DISCERNMENT.

su-1'Ncn uerb. MAYBE.

percipiehce nxun Skill- in perceiving discriminating, or judgrng. percolate oerb To flow or leak out slowly. perCUSSiOn noun Violent, forcible contact between two or more things. perdurable adiectioe Existing or remaining in the same state for an indefinitely long time.

DISCERNMENT.

oozf'. COLLISION, CONTINUING.

peregrinata tirb

l. To make or go on a journey. 2. To move about at random, esp. over a wide area. peremptory adiectitse Tending to dictate. perennial adiectioe Existing or remaining in the same state for an indefinitely long time. perfect adiec{oe l. Supremely excellent in quality or nature: a perfect dianwnd,; a perfect performance. 2. Lacking nothing essential or normal. 3. Conforming to an ultimate form of perfection or excellence. 4. Free from extraneous elements. 5. Completely such, without qualification or exception. 6. Not more or less. 7. In excellent condiUon. 8. Without imperfections or blemishes. perfect aerb To bring to perfection or completion: The architect unrked to perfect his dzsign.

perfection rwun A specialfeatureor quality that conferssuperiority. perfeivid adiectiae Fired with intensefeeling. perfidious adiectiae l. Not true to duty or obligation. 2. DeservingstrongcondemnaUon. perfidiousness nmun 1. Willful betrayalof fidelity, confidence,or trust. 2. Betrayal,esp.of a moral obligation. perfidy r10un 1. Willful betrayalof fidelity, confidence,or trust. 2. Betrayal,esp.of a moral obligation. 3. The conditionof being infamous. perforate oerb 1. To makea hole or other openingin. 2. To passinto or through by overcomingresistance. perforation rwun l. An opening,esp.in a solid structure. 2. A small mark or hole madeby a sharp,pointed object.

1. lounr.t'Ev "^erb. 2. novn. DICTATORIAL, CONTINUING.

l. Syns: absolute, consummate,faultless, flawless, impeccable, indefectible, unflawed. 2. coupr,nrn adiectioe. 3. rnnnr, adiectixe. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

punr adiectixe. urrnn2. nouro. cooo adiectiae. cr,neN adiectioe.

Syns: polish, refine, smooth. -Idiorn off the rough edges' ;: PASSIONATE.

l.

FAITHLESS.

2 . INFAMOUS. l. 2.

TREACHERY. FAITHLESSNESS.

1. rnnacrrrnv. 2. raIrsr.essNEss. 3. rNpeuy. l. snnnc:g, oerb. 2. prNnrnarr. l. snnecH noun. 2. pnrcx rwrrn.

peripatetic

679 perforce adnerb Without regard to desire or inclination.

HELPLESSLY.

1. To begin and carry thto"gh to completion: perform an acrobatic feat. 2. To cffry out the functions, requirements, or terms of. 3. To play the part of. 4. To produce on the stage.

1. Syns; do, execute, prosecute, pull off (Infomwl). 2. rur-nr,r-.

perform perb

-performance rwun 1. The act of beginningand carryingthrough to completion:in the perfornwnceof his duty. 2. T\e quality of being efficient. 3. The *ay in which a machineor other thing performs -One's or functions. 4. artistic conceptionasshownby the rendering of a dramaticrole, musicalcomposition,etc. performel rnwn One who playsa musicalinstrument. perfume nou,n A sweetor pleasantodor. perfume oerb To fill with a pleasantodor. perfumed adiectioe Having a pleasantodor. perfunctory adiectioe Performed or performing automatically and impersonally,gaoeme a perfunctoryrwd as he passedperhaps afuserb Possiblybut not certainlY. perhaps noun Abstract reasoning. periapt rwun A smallobject worn or kept for its supposedmagical power. peril twun Exposureto possibleharm, loss,or *i"ry. peril oerb To subjectto dangeror destruction. perifous adiectioe Involving possiblerisk, loss,or injury. perimetet rwun 1. A line around a closedfig*" or area. 2. Mil. A fairly narrow line or spaceforming a boundary. period nuun 1. A specificlength of time characterizedby the occurrenceof certain conditionsor events:a period of sunshirw. 2. A particular time notable for its distinctive characteristics. 3. An interval regardedas a distinct evolutionary or blue period. developmentalunit: Picasso's 4. A spandesignatedfor a given activrty. 5. A concludingor terminatrrtg. periodic alsopeiiodical adiictir:e 1. Happeningor appearingnow and then. 2. Happeningor appearingat regular intervals. periodically adoerb At times. peripatetic adiectioe Leadingthe life of a personwithout a fixed domicile; moving from place to place.

3, scr oerb. 4. sr.xcn oerb. l. Syns; effectuation, execution, prosecution. 2. rrrrcrnNcv. 3. spHevlon. 4. uvunpnETATIoN.

PLAYER. FRACRANCE.

scnrvr oerb. FRAGRANT.

Syns: automatic, mechanical.

MAYBE. THEORY. CHARM

NNUN.

DANCER. ENDANGER. DANCEROUS.

1. crncuvrERENcn. 2. sononn rnrnx. L. Syns: season,span, term.

2. lcn rrsun. 3. Syns; phase, stage. 4. nun rwun. 5. Brvn rwun. 1. rrvrrnurr-rENT. 2. nncunnBwr. Now ad,oerb. NOMADIC.

periphery periphery rwun f . e fairly narrow line or spaceforming a boundary. 2. A line arounda closedffSrr" or area. periphrastic adiectiw Usittg or containing an excesive number of words.

perish oetb 1. To ceaseliving. 2=To e-xperience qpiritualdeath. perished adiectiod No longer 4u". perrUre tprb To make untrue declarations. perjured a"diectioe Marked by lyr"g under oath. perfurer rwun One who tells lies. perjurious ad,iec-tirx Marked by Mng under oath: periurious uitrwsses; piurfu$ testhnony. perrUry noun The practice of lying. perkt rwun Sbng.A materialfavor or gift, usu. money,given in return for service. perk2 wrb To impart strengthand confidenceto. perk up oerb To regainone'shealth. perk up wrb permeate wrb l. To causeto be filled with a particular mood or tone. 2. To gggupy - the whole of; be found throughout. permissible- odieah:e Capableof being allowed: It is permissibtcto snwke here. permission twun Approval for an action,esp.asganted by one in authority: gaw tlvrn permissionto srnke. permit oerb 1. To neither forbid nor preventzfnt permitsthe chil.drento run wil"d. 2. To give one'sconsentto: permittedm.eto batsethe ofrce early. 3. To afford an opportunity for: o iob that pennits me to adrntrca 4. To give the means,ability, or opportunity to do. permit noun 1. Approval for an action,esp.as grantedby one in authority. 2. L"g*l p"rmissionto do something. permutation noun The processor renrlt of makingor becomingdifierent. PernfCfOUS adiecthse l. Extremelydestmctiveor harmful. 2. Having the capabilityor effect of damaging irreparably. Perorate wrb To spe.akin a loud, pompous,or prolongedmanner. perpendaCular adiectiw At right anglesto the horizon or to level ground. perpetrate wrb To be reqponsiblefor or g,rilty of (an error or crime).

1. nonopn rwun. 2. cmcuuFERENcE. \vORDY.

DTE. DTE. onl.o

adiectioe.

l-tn2 oerb. PERJURTOUS. LIAR.

Syns:forsworn(aho foresworn),perjured. MENDACITY. GRATUITY.

ENCOURAGE. RECOVER.

snr perk2. 1. cnencr oerb. 2. rrr,l. Syns; admissible, allowable.

Syns: allowance, authorization, consent, leave2, license, permit, sanction. 1. Syns; allow, have, Ieave2,let, sufier, tolerate. 2. Syns: allow, authorize, consent, let, sanction. 3. Syns: admit, allow, let. 4. rNerr,n. 1. prnurssroN. 2. rrcrNsr naun. CHANGE

(MTN,

VIRULENT. DESTRUCTIVE.

RANT. VERTICAL. COMMIT.

personal

681 perpetual adiectioe 1. Existingor occurringwithout interruption or end. 2. Enduring for all time. perpetuate oerb To causeto last endlessly. perpetuity tmrn The quality or stateof havingno end. perplex oerb 1, To causeto be unclearin mind or intent. 2. To make complex,intricate,or perplexing. perpfexing adiectioe Dfficult to understanddue to intricacy. perquisite noun l. A privilege granteda personby virtue of birth. 2. A materialfavor or gift, usu.money,given in return for service. perSeCUte aerb To do a wrong to; treat unjustly. perseGutiOn noun Excruciatingpunishment. perseverance rnun The stateor quality of being insistent. perseverant adiecthse Obstinatelymaintaininga stand. persevere oerb 1. To take and maintaina standobstinately. 2. To continuewithout halting. persevering ad;iectioe Obstinately maintaininga stand. persist oerb 1. To take and maintaina standobstinately. 2, To exist in spite of adversity. 3. To remainin existenceor in a certain statefor an indefinitelylong time. 4. To continuewithout halting. persistenGe alsopersistenc! rnun 1. The stateor qualrtyof being insistent. 2. Uninterruptedexistenceor succession. 3. An uninterruptedcourse. persistency noun persistenl adiectioe l. Obstinatelymaintaininga stand. 2. Of long duration. 3. Difficult to alleviateor cure. persisting adiectioe Obstinatelymaintaininga stand. persnickety adiectioe Very difficult to please. pefsOn noun A member of the humanrace. pefsOna nolrn A personportrayedin fiction or drama. perSOnage noun 1. A memberof the humanrace. 2. An important,influentialperson. 3. A famousperson. 4. A personportrayedin fiction or drama. perSonal adiectioe 1. Belongingto, pertainingto, or affectinga particular person:personalloyalties. 2. Belongingor confinedto a particular personor goup as opposedto the public or the government.

l. corcrrNuAr-. 2. nrvnr,nss. IMMORTALIZE. ENDLESSNESS.

1. cor.rrusn. 2. coupr-rcern. coMPLEx adiectioe.

1 . BIRTHRIGHT. 2 . GRATUITY.

wnoNc oerb. IJELL

|WUN.

INSISTENCE. INSISTENT.

1 . INSIST. 2 . CARRY

ON

at carry.

INSISTENT.

1 . INSIST. 2 . SURVIVE. 3 . ENDURE. 4. canny ol.l at cafiy. 1. rwsrsrrmcp. 2. covrnruATroN. 3. cor.iflr.tuANcE. sEEpersistence. 1. rNsrsrnxr. 2. cnnoNrc. 3. srusnonN. INSISTENT. NICE. HUMAN

BEING.

CHARACTER. L. guueN

BETNG.

2. orcurrany. 3. cer-renrrY. 4. cnanecrnn.

1 . Syn.' individual.

2 . PRIVATE.

personality 3. Of or pertaining to the human body. 4. Based on individual judgment or discretion. 5. Characterized by a close and thorough acquaintance.

3. sonIr-v. 4. anerrnany. 5. rurntaarnr adiectioe.

personality n/urn l. The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable. 2. An important, influenUal person. personaliZe terb To represent (an abstraction) in or as if in bodily form.

1. ronNrrt"v. 2. otcxtranv. EMBODY.

personification twun A physical enUty typiin"g

personify oerb

an abstraction.

l. To represent (an abstraction) in or as if in bodily form. 2. To serve as the image of.

perspeCtive nuun That which is or can be seen.

EMBODIMEN'T. 1. nMeoov.

2. nBpnrsBur. vtEw rw|fiL.

perspicacious adiectirse Having or showing a clever awarenessand resourcefulness in practical matters.

SHREWD.

perspicacity noun

Skill. in perceiving, discriminaUng, or judging. persplGulty rwun The quality of being clear and easy to perceive or understand. perspire oerb To excrete moisture through the pores of the skin. perspiring odiectitse Producing or covered with sweat. persuade aerb 1. To succeed in causing (a person) to act in a certain way: per$ardpd the President to d.eregulate the airlines. Nothing could perxnde her to forgioe him. 2. To convince (another) to adopt a particular faith or belief. 3. To cause (another) to believe something. persUaSlOn rwun l. Something believed or accepted as true by a person. 2. A system of religious belief. 3. Those who accept and practice a particular religious belief. 4. A class that is defined by the common attribute or attributes possessedby all its members. persuaSive adiectitse Serving to convince. pert adiectioe l. Rude and disrespectful. 2. Yery brisk, alert, and high-spirited.

pertain oerb 1. To be the proper$of a personor thing. 2. To be pertinent. pertinacious odiectioe l. Tenaciously unwilling to yield. 2. Difrcult to alleviate or cure.

DISCERNMENT. CLARITY.

swrar oerb. SWEATY.

1. Syns: argue into, bring, bring around, convince, get, induce, prevail on (or upon), sell (on), talk into. 2. corwnnr. 3. cotwrNcn. 1. nnr,rrr, 2. nnr.rcroN. 3. rarrH.

4.

COTWINCING.

l. rupuorur. 2. r-rvnr,v. 1. snr.oNc. 2. *prv. 1. onsrrNetB. 2. srunsonx.

pertinacity naun The quality or state of being stubbornly unyielding.

OBSTINACY.

pertinenc€alsopertinency rwtrn l. The fact of being related to the matter at hand. 2. A connecting relation.

pertinency rwun pertinent ad,iecth:e Related to the matter at hand.

1. nnr,rvancr. 2. coxcrnN nou.n. sEEpertinence. RELEVANT.

petechia

683 perturb oerb of. To impairor destroythe composure perturbation rrcrun A stateof discomposure. pefUsal twun The act of examining carefullY.

peruse oerb To look at carefullyor critically. pervade oerb 1. To cause to be filled with a particular mood or tone. 2. To occupy the whole of; be found throughout. ad;iectioe Perverse l. Given to acting in opposition to others. 2. Tenaciously unwilling to yield.

3. Utterly reprehensiblein nahre or behavior. perYerSeneSS noun The quality or state of being stubbornly unyielding. pefvefSlOn rwun Wrong, often corrupt use. perversity rwun The quality or state of being stubbornly unyielding. pervert oerb 1. To usewrongly and improperlY. 2. To ruin utterly in character or quality. 3. To glve an inaccurateview of by representingfalsely or misleadingly. pervert naun bne whosesexualbehaviordiffersfrom the accepted nonn. pen erted adiectioe Lowered in character or qualitY. pesky ad,iectioe Hard to treat, manage,or cope with. pessimism nxun The doctrine that this world is evil: a philnsophy groundcdon pessimism. pessimist noun A prophet of misfortuneor disaster:pessimists predicting a nuclear holocatnt. pessimistic ad;iecthse Marked by tittle hopefulness. pester oerb l- To trouble persistentlyfrom or as if from all sides. 2. To disturb by repeatedattacks. pestering twun The act of annoying. pestilent adiectioe Extremely destructive or harmful. pestilentidl ad,iectine Extremely destructive or harmful. petl oerb' To touch or stroke affectionatelY. pet naun One liked or preferred aboveall others. pet adiectine Given special,usu.doting treatrnent. pet2 oerb To be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in silent resentrnentor protest. petechia nou,n A mark on the skin indicative of a disease,as typhus.

AGITATE. ACITATION. EXAMTNATION. EXAMINE.

l. cr.nncn oerb. 2. rnr.

1. cowrnenx adiecthse. 2. ossrrxern. 3. connupr ad,iectioe. OBSTINACY. ABUSE |IOI'N. OBSTINACY.

l. *vsn oerb. 2. connupr. 3. usronr.

DEVIANT

NOUN.

CORRUPTED.

Syn; malism.

Syns: Cassandra, crepehanger, doomsayer, worrywart (Infonnal). *Idiorns calamity howler, prophet of doom and gloom. GI,OOMY.

1. snsrrcB. 2. eNrov. ANNOYANCE. VTRULENT. VIRULENT.

cennss tzrb. FAVORITE

NOUN.

FAvoRrrE ad;iectioe, SULK.

STICMA.

peterout peter out Derb To grow or cause to grow gradually less. petite adiectioe Notably below average in amount, size, or scope. petition nuun An application to a higher authority, as for sanction or a decision. petition aerb l. To make application to a higher authority. 2. To ask for employment, acceptance,or admission. 3. To bring an appeal or request to the attention of. petitioner rwun l. One that asks a higher authority for something, as a favor or redress. 2. A person who applies for or seeksa job or position. petrified adiectiae Filled with fear or terror. petrify oerb l. To make or become physically hard. 2. To render (another) speechlessor incapable of action. pettifog aerb To raise unnecessaryor trivial objections. pettiness twun Contemptible unimportance: The pettiness of his triticisln is incredibl"e. petty adiectiue l. Contemptibly unimportant: the pettV concems of bored socinlites.

2. Of subordinate standing or importance, 3. Not broad or elevated in scope or understanding. petufant adiectioe l. Easilv annoved. 2. Having or showing a bad temper.

phantasm alsophantasma ,win 1. An illusorymentalimage. 2. A supernaturalbeing. 3. An erroneousperceptionof reality. phantasma r.oun phantasmagoria alsophantasmagory noun An illusion of perceivingsomethingthat doesnot really exist. phantasm agory twun phantasy rwun phantom n(run A supernaturalbeing. pharisaic alsopharisaical adiectioe Of or practicinghvpocrisv. pharisaisftl alsophariseeism noun A showor expression of feelingsor beliefsone doesnot actuallyhold or possess. pharisee rwnn A personwho practiceshypocrisy. phariseeism noun pharmacon lrDun An agentusedto restorehealth. phase nou,n l. The particular anglefrom which somethingis considered:examirwdthe probl.ern from the practical phase.

684 OnCnnASn ,'erb. LITTLE.

APPEAL

IU)UN,

l. e,ppnu aerb. 2. eppr,y. 3. eoonrss uerb. l. e-ppeernn. 2. eppr-rcervr. AFRAID.

1. uannru. 2. wrrHrn. QUIBBLE.

Syns: inconsequence,measliness(S/ang), paltriness, smallness,triviality, trivialness. 1, Syns; inconsequent, inconsequential, inconsiderable,measly (Slang), negligible, niggling, paltry, picayune, piddling, small, small-minded, trifling, trivial, unconsequential, unconsidered. 2 . MrNoRadiectirse.

3 . NARRO\{/. 1 . IRRITABLE. 2 . ILL-TEMPERED. 1. onnau rroun. 2. cnosr noun. 3. u,lusroN, sEEphantasm. HAILUCINATION.

sne phantasmagoria. srr fantasy. GHOST nOUn. HYPOCRITICAL. HYPOCRISY.

HYPOCRITE.

sEEpharisaism. cvF-Enoun. 1. Syns; aspect, facet, hand, respect, side.

phrase

685 2. An interval regarded as a distinct evolutionary or developmental unit.

phenomenal adiectioe l. So remarkableasto elicit disbelief. 2. Composedof or relatingto thingsthat occupy space and can be perceivedby the senses. phenomenon rwt n 1. Somethinghavingreal, demonstrableexistence. 2. One that is worthy of imitadon or duplication. 3. One that evokesgeat su4lriseand admiration. philander oerb usell To be sexuallyunfaithful to anot}er: a hu,sband, I. Of or being information available only to CONFIDENTIAL. authorizedpersons. priry adiecian l. Belongingor confinedto a particular personor 1. pnrverp. goup as opposedto the public or the government. 2. Archab. Known about by very few. 2. coNnonNTrAr. 3. Obs.Indicatingintimacy and mutual trust. 3. coxnoBNTrAL. prize twun l. -'Ihat which is zuperlative. 1. snsr nou,n. 2. Somethinggiven in return for a serviceor 2. nnweno rwun. accomplishment. 3. A memento received as a symbol of excellence or victory. 4. Goods or property seized unlawfully, esp. by a victor in wartime. 5. A person or thing worth catching. 6. Someone or something considered exceptionally precious. prize oerb l. To recognize the worth, quality, importance, etc., of. 2. To have the highest regard for.

Probability twun The likelihood of a given event occurring. probable adiecthn l. Likely to happen or to be n:ue The probabln consequ.en/ce I are frlghtening. 2. Based on probability or prezumption. pfODe noun 1. The act or an instance of exploring or investigating. 2. Somethin& as a remark, used to determine the attitude of another. 3. A seeking of knowledge, data" or the truth about something. probe wrb 1. To go into or through for the purpose of making discoveries or acquiring information. 2. To test the attitude of. probing ad.iectiw Having or zuggesting keen, discerning intellect.

3. rnoprrv. 4. pr,urvonr rwun. 5. cercu rtuun. 6. rnresunE nuun.

1. eppnncranE. 2. cHBnrsn. clrANcE rwun. l. Syns; conceivable, possible. 2. pnnsuuPTrvE. l. rxpl.onerrotl 2. rpnr,nn. 3. rNqurnv.

1. expr-onr. 2. rnnr our at feel. INCISIVE.

probity twun l. The quality or state of being morally sound. 2. Mord or ethical strength.

problem noun A situationthat presentsdiftculry, uncertaing,or

1. cooo rwun. 2. cnanecrnn. Syns: issue, question. -Idioms

can of

prodigality

72t perplexity: dealing uith thc urcmplngrnent problem'

prbbfemaiicalAsoproblematic adiectioe 1. Not affordingcertaintY. 2. In doubtor disPute. rwun proboscis '

The structure on the human face that contains the nostrils and organs of smell and forms the beginning of the respiratory tract. rwun procedufe 1. A method used in dealing with somethingt 2. An official or prescribed plan or course of acUon'

worrns, hornet's nest. 1. etl.srcuous. 2. prserABr.n. NOSE nOUn.

1. erpnoe,cn rwun. 2. r-rNn noun.

proceed oerb 1. coup. 1. To go forward, esp.toward a conclusion. 2. sr:nu oerb. 2. To have as a source. 3. w oerb. 3. To move along a particular course. ntrun PTOCeSSiOn ORDER |WUN. A way in which things follow each other in spaceor time. proclaim oerb 1. eNxoutlcp. l. To b.iog to public notice. 2. usnnn rN at usher. 2. To makeknown the presenceor arrival of. 3. snow oerb. 3. To make manifestor aPParent. proclamation nuw 1. exNouNcrMENT. 1. The act of announcing. 2. ewNouttcEMENT. statement. 2. A public proclivity nou,n BEi{T IIDUN. An inclination to something. procrastinate oerb onux oerb. To go or move slowly so that progressis hindered. proGreant adiectioe Biol. Of or pertaining to reproducUon. procreate oerb 1. To producesexuallyor asexuallyothersof one'skind. 1. nnpnopucn. 2. rl.rt;m:n perb. 2. To be the biologicalfather of. pnopucn. 3. 3. To causeto come into existence. procreation noun REPRODUCTTON. The processby which an orgarrismproducesothers of its kind. procreative adiec-thse Of or pertainingto reproduction. procumbent adiectioe n rr adiectioe. Lyinq down. probuiable adiec-bh:e AVAII.ABLE. Capableof being obtained or used. prOCUre oerb GET. of. To come into possession prod 'oerb l. orc oerb. l. To thrust againstor into. 2. wsrsr. 2. To solicit insistently. 3. vncn oerb. 3. To i-pel to action. prod noun l. An act or instanceof using force so as to propel ahead. l. pusn rww. 2. Somethingthat causesand encouragesa givenresponse.2. srruur,us. prodding noun INSISTENCE. Urgent solicitation. prodigal o.diectioe l. rxrnevecANT. 1. Characterizedby excessiveor imprudent qpending. 2. pnorusr. 2. Given to or marked by unrestrainedabundance. prodigal rwun WASTREL. A personwho spendsmoneyor resourceswastefully. prodigality rnun EXTRAVAGANCE. Excessiveor imprudent expenditure.

prodigious

722

prodigious adieahx 1. Of extraordinarysizeand power. 2. So remarkableas to elicit itisUeUef. prodigy rwtn One that evokesgreat zurpriseand admiration. produce &tb l. To canseto come into existence:ptodnrcean oltematiw enngy plan.

(a produc! i-dea"etc.) into being. ?. Tt Pr-g To britg forth (a product). l. 4. To form by ardsdc efiort. 5. To create by forming, combining or altering materials. 9. 1" btrg into existenceand foster the developmentof. 7. To be the causeof. 8. To makeas incomeor profit. 9. Geon. To makeor becbmelonger. prodUGt noun l. Somethingproduced by human efiort: the prodact of an actfue inu$rution. 2.'Ilnreamountor quantity produced. production noun l. Somethingthat is the remlt of creativeefiort. 2. Somethingproduced by human efiort. 3. The amountor quanUtyproduced. 4. Georn.The act of making somethinglonger or the conditionof being madelonger. productive adieahn 1. Capableof reproducing. 2. Characterizedby great productivity. 3. Acting effectively wittr minimal waste. 4.-Produgingor able to producea desiredefiect. productivity rwun l. Itr" quatity or state of being fertile. 2.-\he guality of being efficient. 'twun profanatibn An act oj disrespe_ct or impiety toward something reqardedas sacred. pro6ne adieah:e 1. Not religiousin subjectmatter, form, or use:saued and prcfarc music. 2. Offensiveto acceptedstandardsof decency. 3. Showingirreverenceand contemptfor something sacred. profane wrb To spoil or mar the sanctity of. noun Profaiity Somethingthat is offensiveto acceptedstandardsof decency. 'oerb proffer To prrt before anotherfor acceptance. proffer noun Somethingoffered. proficiency noun Nltqr"l or acquired facility in a qpecific activity. proficient adieaiw l. Having the ability to perform well. 2. Having or demonstratinga high degreeof knowledge or skill.

1. crervradiectioe. 2. resulous. MARVEL.

1. Syns; create, engender, father, generate, hatch, make, originate, pare_nt,procreate, sire, spawn. -Iqi,onts bring to pass, give birth (ar rise) to. 2. nrver-op. 3. ssAR. 4. couposp. 5. naexn. 6. 7. 8. 9.

cnow. ctusn oerb. nrrunN oerb. r.pNcrsmt.

l. Syn: production. 2. yrsr,o rwrn. l. 2. 3. 4.

coruposrrroN. pnooucr. yrnr,o nurn. nxrnxsrox.

1. 2. 3. 4.

renrrr,n. rBnrrr.n. nrrrcrnxr. nrrrcrrve.

1. runrrr,rrv. 2. Brprcrrxcy. SACRILECE.

l. Syns; laf, secular, temporal, worldly. 2. osscsNE. 3. secnn ncrous.

VIOLATE. OBSCENITY.

ownn oerb. OFFER NAUN, ABILIfi.

l. esr.B. 2. nxpnnr adiectirse.

Prognostic

723 3. Acting efiectively with minimal waste' Droficient noun i p"ttot with a high degree of knowledge or skill in a particular field.

3. prncrnvr. EXPERT IWUN.

prbfile rwun

A line marking and shaprngthe outer form of an object. profit oerb 1. To be an advantageto: It uoul'd profrt you to leam to drhse. 2. To derive advantage. 3. To make a large Profit. profit rwun i. ftt" quatity of being suitable or adaptableto an end' 2. Someihingearned,won, or otherwiseacquired' 3. Somethingbeneficial. 4. Somethinfthat contributesto or increasesone's well-being. profitable a.d,iecthse Afiording proftt: a profitablebushwss. noun profligacY 1. Excessiveor imprudent expenditure. 2. Excessivefreedom;lack of restraint. profligate ad:iectiae 1. Lacking in moral restraint. 2. CharaJerizedby excessiveor imprudent spending' profligate nuun 1. An immoral or licentiousman. 2. A personwho spendsmoneyor resourceswastefully' 'profound adiecttue 1. Beyondthe understandingof an averagetnTd'2. nesultingfrom or afiectingone'sinnermostfeelings' 3. Extendingfar downward or inward from a surface' profoundness rwun Intellectual penetration or range. profunditY twu,n 1. Intellectual penetrationor range. 2. Deep, thorougfr,or matureunderstanding' profuse adiectioe 1. Given to or markedby unrestrainedabundance: profuseapologies. 2. Growing profuselY. profusive a.diectitse Given to or marked by unrestrainedabundance. progenitive adiectioe Biol. Employedin reProduction. progenitor rwun A personfrom whom one is descended. progen} rmun A group consistingof thosedescendeddirectly from thJ sameparentsor ancestors:QueenViaona's progen7.saton rnanVEuropeanthrones. pfOgnOslS tloun The act of predicting. prognostic adiectine Of or relating to predicUon. prognostic rwu,n A phenomenonthat servesasa signor warning of some future good or evil.

OUTLINE

TIOUN.

1. Syns; avail, benefit, boot2 (Archaic), t"-". -ldiom stand someone in good stead. 2. wNnrrc oerb. 3. cr.rerv uP at clean. 1. 2. 3. 4.

usr rwun. c.clN rwntu epvervre.cE rwrtn. rvrBnpsr rwun.

Syns: advantageous, fat, lucrative, moneymaking, remunerative. 1. nxrnevecANcE. 2. r-rcpwsnrwun. 1. asANDoNEo. 2. nxrnevecANT. 1. wANToN nuun. 2, westnnr.. 1. onrp adiectwe. 2. orrp adiectioe. 3. oBnp ad:iectioe. DEPTH.

1. opprn. 2. wrsoou. 1. Syns: extravagant, exuberant, lavish, lush, luxuriant, opulent, Prodigal, profusive, riotous, suPerabundant. 2. rurcx adiectitse. PROFUSE. REPRODUCTIVE. ANCESTOR.

Syns: begats (Slnng), brood, get, issue, offspring, posterity, seed.

PREDICTION.

PREDICTIVE. OMEN.

prognosticate prognosticate aerb To tell aboutor makeknown(futureevents)in

advance, esp. by means of special knowledge or inference.

724 PREDICT.

prognostication noun l. A phenomenon that serves as a sign or warning of some future good or evil. 2. The qct of predicting. prognosticativb adieittae Of or relating to prediction. pfOgram twltn l. An organized list of procedures, activities, events, etc.: On our progwm is a oisit to Chirntwm 2. A printed list of the order of events and other pertinent information for a public performance: WhV _ lffi't her nanneon the program? 3. An official or prescribed plan oi course of action. program perb To enter on a schedule. prOgresS rwun l. Steady improvement, as of an individual or a society: progress in the ecorwmy of det:eloping countries.

2. Forward movement. 3. A progession from a simple form

to a more complex one. progress wrb To go forward, eqp. toward a conclusion. progression ltoun Forward movement. progressive a.diectioe fgvolng civil liberties and social progress. 1. 2. Ahead of current trends or customs. 3. Not narrow or conservative in thought, expression, or conduct. progressive rroun A.pg1son with liberal political opinions. prohibit tnrb To refuse to allow. prohibited adiectioe Not allowed.

prohibition noun A refusalto allow. proiect nmun l. Something undertaken, esp.something requiring extensive planning and work: a fioe-year researih

1. or"rnm, 2. pnrorcrroN. PREDICTIVE.

l. SLns:-agenda,calendar, docket, line-up (c/so lineup), schedule, timetable. -Idiurn order of the day. 2. Syns: bil|, prospectus, jyilabus.

3. r.rNe twun. scnnovrn oerb. 1. Syns; amelioration, betterment, development, improvement, melioration. 2. eoveNcg noun, 3. opver,opMENT.

COME. ADVAIYCE TIOUN.

t . LTBERAL adiectiae. 2. ADVANCED. 3 . BROAD. LIBERAL

NAUN.

FORBID. FORBIDDEN. FORBIDDANCE.

l. Syns; enteqprise, undertaking, venture.

proiect. 2. A method for making,doing or accomplishing something. project oerb

2. nrsrcx rwun.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

To To To To To

curve outward past the normal or usud limit. send out heag light, or enerry. launch with great force. form a strategr for. have in mind as a goal or purpose.

proiection rrntn l. A part that protrudes or extends outward. 2. A natural land elevation. 3. The act of predicting. prOngOmenOn rwun A short section of preliminary remarks.

nvncn oerb. snro. ssoor oerb. nnsrcx oerb. rvrsND.

l. gur,cr troun. 2. lav-t troun. 3. pnporcrrox. INTRODUCTION.

promote

725 prolegomenous ad;iectioe l. Serving to introduce a subject, Person, etc. 2. Prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business.

1. 2.

proliferate oerb To produce sexually or asexually others of one's kind.

proliferation noun otlers produces by whichanorganism l. Theprocess of its kind. 2. The result or product of building up. proliferous adiectioe Biol. Capableof reproducing. prof ific a.diectioe 1. Capableof reproducing. 2. Charactet'wedby geat productivity. prof ix adiectioe Using or containing an excessivenumber of words. prof ixity notnr Words or the use of words in excessof thoseneeded for clarity or precision. profixness noun Words or the use of words in excessof thoseneeded for clarity or precision. prologue noun A short section of preliminary remarks. Prolong oerb To make or becomelonger. prolongate oerb To make or becomelonger. prolongation nolrn The act of making somethinglonger or the condition of being madelonger. prolonged adiectioe l. Of long duration. 2. Extending tediously beyond a standardduration. promenade oerb To walk at a leisurely pace. promenade twun An act of walking esp..forpleasure. prominenGe alsoprominency naun 1. A positionof exalted,widely recognizedimportance. 2. A natural land elevation. prominency nou,n prominenl adiecttoe 1. Standingout prominently. 2. Readilyattractingnotice. 3. Widely lcnownand esteemed. promise noun A declaration that one will or will not do a certain thing: madc a Womiseto repay the debt ktt ilnfaulted; gatseher his prornisethat he uuild retum. promisc oerb l. To give reasonfor expecting:da,rkclmrdsthat prorniseda storm. 2. To assumean obligation. 3. To guaranteeby a solemnpromisg. promising ad,iectioe 1. Showinggreat promise. 2. Inspiring confidenceor hope. promOte oerb l. To raise in mr:Jr:promotedhim from coryoral n sergeant.

REPRODUCE.

1. 2. surI,D-urat build uP. FERTILE.

1. rsntrlE. 2. rnnru.n. WORDY. WORDINESS.

WORDINESS.

LENGTHEN. LENGTHEN. EXTENSTON.

1. cnnoNrc. 2. r.oNcr adiectine. srxott, oerb. \4/ALK frolm. l. BurNrNcB. 2. nn l rwun.

sEEprominence. l. soLD. 2. worrcpenr-n. 3. rMrNsNT. Syns; covenant, guarantee, pledge, vow.

1. Syns; betoken, foreshadow, foretoken, indicate, preffgure, presage. 2. pr:nocn rnrb. 3. ptnocs, wrb, 1. courNc. 2. nr.lcounAcrNc. l. Syns; advance, elevate, jump, raise, upgrade.

promotion 2. To causeto move forward or upward, astoward a goal. 3. To help bring about: beliewd tlmt TV oiolence promotesreal oiolence. 4. To make known vigorouslythe positivefeaturesof (a product). 5. To increaseor seekto increasethe importanceor reputatio_nof by favorable publicity: Eis pressagent pronwted the mooie in feature stories. prOmOtiOn rwun l. A systematiceffort to increasethe importanceor reputationof by favorablepublicity: spent glf{l.,O(n - in pronwtion of the neu produnt. 2. A progessionupward in'rank. 3. The.act or professionof promotingsomething,as a product. prompt adiectioe Occurring acting or performedexactlyat the time appointed. prompt oerb 1. To causeto happensuddenlyor unexpectedly. 2. To elicit a strongemotionalresponsehom. 3. To impel to action. promulgat:e oerb l- To make (information)generallyknown. 2. To britrg to public noUJ". 3. To_put in force by legal authority. PTomullation noun The act of announcing. prOne a.diectioe f . Ln"g down. 2. Having or showinga tendencyor likelihood. 3. Tendingto incur. pfOneness rwttn An inclination to something. prOnOUnCe oerb To produce or_make(qpeechsounds):Shepronounced her oouels u:ith a southem drawl. pronOunced ad,iectioe l. Standingout prominently. 2. Without any doubt. pfOnOUnGement rwun 1. The act of announcing. 2. A public statement. 3. An authoritativeor official decision,esp.one made by a court. pronto adoerb Infomwl.In a rapid way. pr0Of nuun l. A fact or circumstancethat giveslogical supportto an assertion,claim, or proposal. 2. A procedurethat iucertainseffectiveness, value, proper function, or other quatity. 3. That which confirms. proof adiectioe Having the capacityto withstand. prOp nuun A meansor device that keepssomethingerect, stable, or secure. prop oerb To_keepfrom yielding or failing during stressor difficulw.

726 2. enveNcnoerb. 3. Syns; culUvate,encourage,feed, foster. 4. eovrnrrsp. 5. Syns;ballyhoo (Informal). boost,build up, enhance,hype (Slnng),plug (lnfonnal), publicize, p,r-ff,to.rt. 1. Syns.-ballyhoo (lnformal), build-up (a/sobrlildup) (Infornwl), hype gkng), - pitch (Slnng),publicity, pufiery,.

2. aovaNcEMENT. 3. aovnnusrNc.

l. pnpcrpntrg oerb. 2. rNsprnB. 3. vncn oerb. 1. eovBnrrsp. 2. eNNouxcn. 3. rsreslrsH. ANNOUNCEMENT.

1. rr.er adiectioe. 2. rNcr,rrvpo. 3. r.rasr-E. BE,NiI |WUN,

Syns: articulate, enunciate, say, utterl, vocalize. 1. solo, 2. orcmno. l.

eNNouNCEMENT.

2. eNNouwcEMENT.

3. nur-rNc rwun.

rlsr adoerb, 1. nrasow nnun. 2. rrsr nDun. 3. coNpmvATroN. RESTsTANT adiectiae.

proportion

727 -propagandize Derb To teachto accepta systemof thouglrtuncritically. propagate oerb '

t. fo produce sexually or asexually others of one's kind. 2.To bring into existence and foster the development of. nutn propagation -p.o""tt ' by which an organism produces others of fir" its kind.

propel oerb 1. To setor keePgoing.

2. To force to move or advancewith or as if with blows or pressure. 3. To launch with great force. 4. To impel to action. propensit} twun An inclination to something. proper ad,iectioe l. Conformingto acceptedstandards. 2. Suitedto one'send or PurPose. 3. In accordancewith principlesof right or good conduct. 4. Marked by excessiveconcernfor propriety and good form. 5. Suitablefor a particular person,condition, occasion, or place. 6. Conformingto fact. properly adtserb In a fair, sportingmanner. rwun propeny 1. Somethitg,as land and assets,legally possessed. 2. Usu. extensivereal estate. 3. A distinctiveelement. rnun prophecy Somethingthat is foretold by or as if by supe*"hT4 means:The priest'sprophecyuas that the deposedking would regain his throne. noun prophesier Aperson who foretellsfuture eventsby or as if by zupernaturalmeans. prophesy oerb to tell about or make larown (future events)by or as if of by supernaturalmeans:prophesiedthe corning "M cioilizntion. -prophet rwun A personwho foretellsfuture eventsby or as if by_ supernahral means:When the flnod amue iu'stas he prbdicted, the old nutn uos reoeredas a prophet. -prbphetic also prophetical ad'iectioe Of or relating to the foretelling of eventsby or as if by supernaturalmeans:an old forturc tell'erbekeoedto harseprophetic puoers. prophylactic adiecth:e Defendingagainstdisease. propitiate oerb To easethe anger or agitaUonof. propitious a.diectioe l. Affording benefit. time. 2. Occurring at a fitting or advantageous 3. Indicative of future success. proportion rwun 1. Satisfyingarr:rngementmarkedby even distribution

INDOCTRINATE.

1. nnpnooucs. 2. cnow.

REPRODUCTION.

t. onwn oerb. 2. onwn oerb. 3. ssoor oerb. 4. vncn oerb. B.E;N[ twlut.

1. connrcr ad;iectioe. 2. cor*vBr{IBNT. 3. Brntcer.. 4. crrvrrpr,. 5. appnopnrt rn a.d;iectioe. 6. eccunerr. pxn a.dnerb. 1. nor.prNcs. 2. utto twun. 3. guel,rrr. Syns; cast, foretelling vision.

oracle, vaticination,

PROPHET.

Syns; augur, divineP, foretell, soothsay, vaticinate.

Syns; augur, auspex, diviner, foreteller, hanrspex (aho aruspex), prophesier, seerl, soothsayer, sibyl. Syns: divinitory, fatidic (also fatidical), mantic, oracular, sibylline, vatic (also vatical), vaticinal. PREVENTIVE. PACIF'Y. 1. spNpncIAL.

2. opponrurr. 3. revoneslE. 1. Syns; balance, harlnony, symmetry.

proPortional of elements,os in a design:sarlpture of ercellent prvportion. 2. Relative intensity or amoun! as of a quality or 2. orcnrn. attribute. proportion tnb To bring into accord. HARMONIZE. proPortional dieahn l. Properly or correspondindy related in size, amount, l. Syns:commensurable,commensurate, or scale:Hoppirwssis rnt ahtnys ptoportional to oirtue. proportionate.-Idiorn in proportion. 2. Characterizedby or displayingrymmetry, eqp. 2. svuurrnrcer,. correqpondencein scaleor measure. proportionate diectitz l. hoperly or correspordirdy related in size,amount, l. pnopontroNAl. or scale. 2. Characterizedby or diqplayingsymmetry,eqp. 2. syuurrnrcer,. correqrondencein scaleor measure. propOrtiOns rwtn The amount of qpaceoccupied by something. stzE. PrOpOSal rastm l. Somethingthat is put forward for consideration:a 1. Syns; proposition, submission, dorrtgptoposal to abolish the incorw tan. suggestion. 2. Somethingoftered. 2. orrrn rwun. propOse wrb l. To advance,asan idea, for considerationz He l. Sy-ns;offer, pose, propound, put forth, proposeda trip to NeroYo*. submit, zuggest. 2. To have in mind as a goal or purpose. 2. rvrsND. proposition twun Somethingthat is put forward for consideration. PROPOSAL, propound o6b To advance,as an ide4 for consideration. PROPOSE. proprieties rwun l. Courteousacts that contribute to smoothnessand 1. er'rrrvrrrns. easein dealingsand social relationships. 2. Socially correct behavior. 2. rr,rertrvrns. ProPrietor tntm A person ylo h"t legal title to properry. OWNER. Proprietorship noun l. owNnnsnp. 1. trgl right to the possessionof a thing. 2. T: fact of possessing. 2. possBssroN. PrOpnery noun l. Conformity to recognizedstandards,as of conduct or aPPearance. 2. T_h"mord quality of a courseof action. 2. Brnrcs. prosaic adieahn 1. Of or suitable for ordinary daysor routine occasions. 1. uvsnyDey. 2. Io"l.i"g liveliness,charm, or zurprise. 2. ovt-t adiecthse. prOSGenlUm rwun The raised pladorm on which theatrical performances STAGEftoun. are given. prosctibe tqb To refuse to allow. FORBID. Proscription rwttn A refrrsalto allow. FORBIDDANCE. prosecutable adieahn Subject to a lawzuit. LITIGABLE. prOsecute oerb l. To institute or zubject to legal proceedings. 1. sup. 2. To begin and carry thto..gh to completion. 2. prnronu. 3. To eng4gein (a war or campaign). 3. wtcn perb. prosecution twun The act of beginningand carrying through to PERFORMANCE. completion.

pro tempore

729 prosopopeiaalsoprosopopoeia rmun Rhet.A physicalentity qptfyt"g an abstraction. prOsOPOpoelanoun prospect rwun 1. Thelikelihoodof a giveneventoccurring. expected. 2. Something 3. Chance of succes or advancement. 4. That which is or can be seen.

EMBODIMENT.

sEEprosopopeia. 1. 2. 3. 4.

cHencr norrn. rxpncrerroN. rurunp rwun. unw noun.

prospectus rnun A printed list of the order of events and other pertinent informaUon for a public performance.

prosper oerb &ning indastryprospered To fare well: Theoerospoce the7960's. prospering adiecthse steadily. Improving,gowing, or succeeding prOsperity noun t. Steadygood fortune or financialsecurity:a struggliig srtwll busirussman'sdream of prosperity. 2. A state of health, happiness,and prospering. prosperous adiectioe security: 1. Enjoyingsteadygood forhrne,or_financial fashiombln neusclothesthat befit a Prosperurs Aoungmnn-about-toum. 2. Improving, growing or succeedingsteadily. time. 3. Occurring at a fitting or advantageous prOSPerOUSneSSrwun Steadygood fortune or financial security. prostitute rw.rn A woman who engagesin sexualintercoursefor payment: stud,iedthe psycholngicalprofiles of prostitutes. prostrate oerb 1. To causeto fall, as from a shot or blow. 2. To render powerlessor motionlessby inficting severeiniurY. 3. To afiect deeply or completely,as with emotion. prostrate ad,iectioe Lying down. proiaglonist rwun The main performer in a theatricalproducUon. protean adiectioe Having many aspects,uses,or abilities. protect oerb To keep safefrom danger,attack, or harm. protection rwun 1. Somethingthat physicallyprotects,esp.from danger. 2. The act or a meansof defending. protective adtiectioe 1. Able to preserve. 2. Defendingagainstdisease. pro tem adiecthse Temporarily assumingthe duties of another. pro tempore ad'iectioe Latin. Temporarilyassumingthe duties of another.

PROGRAM.

Syns.'boom, flourish, go, make out (Slang), score (lnfonnal), thrive. -Idionw do (or fare) well, get (or go) somewhere, go geat gum, 8o strong. FLOURISHING.

1. Syns; comfort, ease, easy street (also Easy Streer) (Slnng), prosperousness. -Idiutns comfortable (or easy) circumstances, the good life. 2. wBr-renn. l. Syns: comfortable, eaqy, well-fixed (lnfomnl), well-heeled (Slang), wellcomfortably ofi, well-to -do. -ldioru off, in clover, on easy street. 2. rr-ounrsHrNc. 3. opponrurvr. PROSPERITY.

Syns: bawd, call girl, camp follower, courtesan, fille de joie (Frerwh), harlot, hooker (Slong), moll (Slong), streetwalker, tady of the night, lady of whore. -ldimw pleasure, scarlet woman, soiled dove. t. onop oerb. 2. nrseslr. 3. ovpnwrrelM. n n adiectioe. LF.AD IlDUfT. VERSATILE. DEFEND.

l. covsn rwun. 2. onruNss. 1. pnpspnvlrrvs. 2. pnrwvrrvr. TEMPORARY.

protest protest wrb To expressoppositionby argument. protest rroun T.he yt.of expressing strong or reasoned opposition. proteslatlon noun acj of expressing strong or reasoned opposition. {he prOlOGOl rwun Strict observance of social conventions.

protopfasl noun

Rare. A first form from which varieties arise or imitations are made.

prototypal adiectioe H."T"g the natureof, constifutingor servingasa type. prototyp€ noun 1. A forerunner. 2. A first form from which varieties arise or imitations are made. prototypiG or prototypical adiectioe H.aving the nature of, constifuting, or serving as a type.

protract oerb

on;ncr2. oBJECTTON. oBJECTTON. CEREMONY. ORIGINAL

TIOUN.

ryprcAr-. l. eNcnsron. 2. onrcrNeL nou,n.

TYPICAL.

To make or become longer.

LENCTHEN.

1. Of long dtuation. 2. Exte-nding tediously beyond a standard duration.

l. cHnoxrc. 2. r.oNcr adiectioe.

The act of making something longer or the condition of being made longer.

ExrENSroN.

protracted a"diecth:e protraction rwun protrude oerb

To curve outward past the normal or usual limit.

protrusion noun A part thatprotrudesor extends outward. protuberance ntntn l. A part thatprotrudesor extends outward. 2. An unevenness or elevation on a surface.

protuberate Derb

To curve outward past the normal or usual limit. proud adiecthse l. Properly valuing oneself, one's honor, or one's Poor but prutd, he uould rnt accept charity. - ligruP, " 2. Overly convinced of one's own superiority and importance.

nvrcn aerb. BULGE TWUN.

l. sur,cB tloun. 2. nuup naun. svrcn Derb. 1. Syns: prideful, self-esteeming, selfrespecting. 2. ARROGANT.

3. Markedby extraordinaryelegance,beauty,and solendor.3. cr,oRrous. a. Chbfly Regiorul. Eagerlycompliant. 4. cr.eo. proVe oerb l. To establishtt g.r"-or gen-uine: He prorsedhis 1. Syns: authenticate,bear ouq confirm, identity usitha birth certifcate. corroborate,demonstrate,endorse, establish,show,substantiate,validate, 2. To subject to a procedure that ascertains effectiveness, value, proper function, or other quality. 3. Arclwic. To participate in or partake of personally.

pfOVenanGe rw.tn A poTt of origination. pfOVenrcnCe twun A point of origination. prove out wrb To prove valid under scrutiny. pfOVefb troun A r-rsu.pithy and familiar statementexpressingan observ_ation or principle generallyaccCptedas wise or true: "A cat in glows catchesrn mbe" b a utell-bwu>n pooetb.

verify. 2. rnsr aerb. 3. BxprnrnNcn aerb. ORIGIN. ORIGIN. \^/ASH.

Syns: adage, aphorism, byword, ma:nand, raped the women. 2. To rob of goodsby force, esp.in time of war. rapid adiectioe Characterizedby great celerity. raPidity rwun l. Rate of motion or performance. 2. Rapidnessof movement or activity. rap OUt oerb rappOft norrn l. Harmoniousmuhral understanding. 2, T\e state of individuals who are in utter agreement. rapprochement rwun A re-establishmentof friendship or harmony. rapt a.diecthse Having one's thougbtsfully occupied. rapture rwun A state of elated bliss. rare a.diectioe l. Far beyondwhat is usual,normal,or customary:a touch of rare uit. 2. Rarely occurring or appearing. 3. Marked by geat diffusion of component particles.

rare 2. rnrcx adiectioe. 3. uor.ov. 4. osscrNE. FLACRANCY.

1. scoun. 2. roor oerb. Syns; bloviate, harangue,mouth, perorate, rave. FURTOUS.

t. tt*r oerb. 2. sL Mn oerb. 3. cer-r,DowNat call. EXCLAIM.

1. tapl rwun. 2. spNreI.IcErroun, 3. corqrsnENcE. DAMN |IOUN.

1. cnpsuv. 2. vonecrous.

l. cnprp. 2. vonecrrt. 1. Syns; assault, force, outrage, ravish, violate. 2. s*cxz oerb. wsr a.diectioe. l. spsrp nuun. 2. nesrE rroun. sEErapl. 1. ecnnsMENr. 2. nenuorvv. RECONCTLIATION. AESORBED.

HEA\IEN.

1. Syns; exceptional, extraordinary, remarkable, singular, uneommon, unusual. 2. u.nnrqurNr. 3. rnrx adiectioe.

rarefied rarefied a"diectioe Marked by geat diffusionof componentparticles. ntfety oerb To becomediffuse. rarefy ad.oerb At rare intervals. raring adiecth:e Infomwl. Intenselydesirousor interested. raScal nuun One who causesminor trouble or damage. rashr a.diecthse 1. Characterizedby unthinkingboldnessand haste: rash iud.gments.

2. Lacking due thought or consideration. rash2 twun A zuddenincreasein something,as the occurrenceof a disease. rashness rwt n l. Careless,headlongaction. 2. Foolhardyboldnessor disregardof danger. raSp oqb To bring or come into sliding abrasivecontact,often with a harsh, gating sound. raspberry rwun Slang.Any derisivesoundof disapproval. rasping adiectioe Disageeable to the senseof hearing. raspy a.diectioe Disagreeableto the senseof hearing. rat oerb l. Slary.To be treacherous to. 2. Slary. To abandonone'scauseor party usu.to join another. 3. Slang.To give incriminating information about others,eqp.to the authorities. rat noun L, Slnq. One who betrays. 2. Slang.A personwho hasdefected. 3. Slang.One who gives incriminating information about others. ratel rnrb l. To make a judgmentas to the worth or value of. 2. To assignto a classor classes. 3. Infomnl. To acquireas a result of one'sbehavioror effort. rate2 wrb To reprimandloudly or harshly. rather adoerb To someextent. twun ratification An act of conffrming officially. ratify oerb To make valid and binding by a formal legal act. ratiocinate oerb To use the powers of the mind, as in conceiving ideas, drawing.inferences,and making judgments. fatlOGlnallon twun Exact, valid, and rational reasoning.

rurN adiecthse. rstN oerb. INFREQUENTLY.

EAGER. MISCHIEF.

l. Syns; brash, foolhardy, harum-scarum, hasty, headlong, hotheaded, impetuous, impulsive, mad-brained, madcap, madheaded, precipitant, precipitate, precipitous, reckless, slap-bang (Informnl), slapdash, temerarious. 2. pnrcrprrnrn adiectioe. OUTBREAIitho slmn; hit hX fot *, tlw table uith a slam.

5. nsc*n oerb,

1. Syns;hop, spring. 2. cvr twun, BRUSHtroun.

1. Qyns; bnlass, circumnavigate, circumvent, detour, go around. 2. rcnonn wrb. 3. Syns; burke, bypass, circumvenl around, hedge, sidestep.

get

Syns: environs, fringe, outskirts, suburbs.

SIGTCH

fW"N.

sxle txrb. 1. nocv. 2. croov. swrex oerb. STEAITITY. AIR ftoun. SOAR.

1. r-orrv. 2. srnrpl. SOAR. STICK troun,

1. r.oosn ad,iectine. 2. Nncr.rcnNt.

3. sr,ow ad,iectioe. L. nt sn oerb. 2. Nnc;,,nc:roerb. t. nxsn oerb. 2. sussron. 3. wrennN.

WANE fwltn. NEGLIGENCE.

Syns; bang, crash, smash,wham.

slammer slam oerb 1. To strike, set down, or close in such a way as to make a loud noise. deliver (a powerful_blow) suddenly and shaqply. ?. Ty 3. Slnng._To criticize-hlnrhty and devastatingly: TIie' candidate slmnmed his opporwnt for ileclining to debate.

slammer

rwttn place for the confinement of persons in lawful lb"g.A detention. slander rwtrn The expression of injurious, malicious statements about someone. slander oerb To make defamatory statements about.

sfanderous ad,iectioe - Damaging to the reputation. slant oerb 1. To depart or cause to depart from true vertical or horizontal. 2. To have a tendency or inclination. 3. To direct (material) to the interests of a particular goup. slant rwun 1. Deviation from a particular direction. 2. A way of considering a matter. 3. The position from which something is observed or considered. sfanted adiecth;e Angled at a slant. slanting adiectirse Angled at a slant. sfap noun A quick, r!rq? blow, eqp. with the hand: gaoe the rwughty child a slq on the bottorn. slap oerb l. To hit with a quick, shalp blow of the hand: stnpped the child for haoing tantrunw. 2. To criticize harshly and devastatingly. sfap around oerb To be rough o_r !rutal with: The police slnpped the su,spect around iluring questi,onirtg. sfap around oerb slap-bang a.diecthse Infonnal. Characterized, by unthinking boldness and haste. sfapdash ad;iectbe l. Indifferent to correctness, accuracy, or neatness. 2. Characterized by unthinking boldness and haste. slash oerb l. To penetrate with a sharp edge. 2. To decrease, as in length or amount, by or as if by severing or excising. 3. To criticize harshly and devastatingly.

L. nrxc oerb. 2. sn oerb. 3. Syns; blister, drub, excoriate, flay, lash (into), rip (into) (Informal), roast (Infornnl), scarify, scathe, scorch, score, scourge, slap, slash. -Iilioms burn someone's ears, crawl all over, give someone a roasting, pin someone's ears back, put someone on the griddle, put someone on the hot seat, rake over the coals, read the riot act to. IAIL rWUn.

LIBEL

NOUN.

ntnr, oerb. LIBELOUS.

1. rwcr-u.rntzrb. 2. rrrvol. 3. wts oerb.

1. ntcr.nqarrox. 2. r,rcnrl nuu,n. 3. porNr oF vrEw.

n,loisod;iectiDe. mx adiectioe. Syns: box2, bufiet, bust (Stnng), chopr, ckpr (lnformal ), cnff, smackr,-smacklr, spank, spat (Informal). l. Syns: blip, box2, bufiet, bust, cufi, smackr, spank. 2. st-ru oerb. Syns; knock about (or around) (Infonrwl), manhandle, mess (up) (Slnng), roug[r (up). sen slap. nesur.

1. cennr,rss. 2. nasnl. l. cu. oerb. 2. cur BAcK. 3. st-tv' oerb.

sledge

855 slash rwrilt, 1. The result of cutting. 2. An incision, notch, or sliglrt cut made with or as if with a knife. 3. The act or process of decreasing in length, amount, duration, etc. adiectitse sfashing So sharp as to cause mental Pain.

slate rwun 1. A list of eventsto take place or of things to be done, often with their assignedtimes. 2. A list of candidatesproposedor endorsedby a political party. slate oerb To enter on a schedule. slattern rwun A vulgar, promiscuottswoman who fouts propriety. slaughter oerb To kitl savagelyand indiscriminately. slaughter rwun The savageki[ing of manYvictims. slaughterer noun One who murdersanother. slaughterous adiectiae Eagerfor bloodshed. sfave oerb To do tedious,laborious,and sometimesmenial work. sfaver oerb 1. To let salivarun from the mouth. 2. To compliment excessivelyand ingatiatingly 3. To zuppbrt slavistrlyevery opinion or zuggestionof a superior. sfaver rwun 1. Salivarunning from the mouth. 2. Arclm,ic.Excessive,ingratiating praise. slavery nu.ilr A state of subiugationto an owner or master: sol'dinto slaoery.

sfavish ailiec'tioe l. Excessivelyeagerto serveor obey. 2. Copying another in an inferior or obsequiousway. 3. Not easyto do, achieve,or master. slay oerb l. To causethe death of. 2. To take the life of (a personor persons)unlawfirlly. sfayer rwun One who murders another. sfaying noun The crime of murderingsomeone. slaying adiecthse Slnng.Extremely funnY. sleary odiectioe 1. Showingsignsof wear and tear or neglect. 2. Of decidedly inferior quality. sled oerb To ride on a sled in the snow. sledge aerb Brit. To ride on a sled in the snow.

1. cur rwatn, 2. sconr rwun. 3. cursecx at Gut back.

BITING.

l. scnepur,E noun. 2. rrcxrr

noun.

scrrnovt-n tnrb. SLUT. ANNIHII,ATE. MASSACRE ftoU,n. MURDERER. MURDEROUS.

cnrxo oerb. l. onoor oerb. 2. rr,errsn. 3. reww. 1. onoor-rwttn, 2. rr,errenv. Syns:enslavement,helotry, serfdom, servility, servihrde,thrall, thralldom or thraldom, villeinage (also villainage), yoke. -ldioms involuntary servitude,the chains(or yoke) of slavery. 1. srnvu.p. 2. rlrtlternry.

3. orrrrcur-r. 1. xrr-r.. 2. lrrvnonnoerb. MURDERER. MI,'RDER TIOUN. PRICELESS.

1. snessv. 2. snoppv. stton oerb. st-mn oerb.

sleek sfeek adiecthn 1. Smoothand lustrousas if polished:the cat's sl.eek blackfin. 2. Having slenderand gracefullines: a sbek rww nmnrtiblc. 3-. Affectedly and self-servinglyearnest. sleek wrb l. f" qrre a gleaminglusterto, usu. throughfriction. 2. T-" changeor modify-soasto prevent recognitionof the true identiWor characterof. sfeeky adiectine Smoothand lustrousas if polished. sfeep nuun The nahral recurring conditionof suspended consciousness^by which the body rests:need.ed a futl eight hours of sl.eep. sfeep oerb To be asleep:slqt for twehsehuns.

sfeepin oerb To sleeplonger than intended:slqt in and uas Late to work. sfeepwith oerb To engagein sexualrelations with. sfeeper rwun Infornnl. A dazzling,often suddeninstanceof success. sfeep in oerb sfeeping adiectitse 1. In a stateof sleep:Slnepingchildrenare beautiful.

2.ln a stateof temporaryinactivity: a slcepinggbnt mwry the unnlignedrutiorw. sfeepless adiectiae Marked by * absenceof sleep. sleep with oerb sfeepy adiectioe l. Readyfor or needingsleep:tired, sleepychildren. 2. Inducing sleep:a hot, sbepy dny.

1. Syns.'satiny, sleeky. 2. Syns:streamlined,trim. 3. urvcruous. L. ctoss oerb. 2. orccvrcnoerb. sLEEKad;iectioe. Syns; shut-eye (Slnng), slumber, snooze Qnfornwl). -Idiums land of Nod, the arms of Morpheus. Syns: slumber, snooze (Informat). -Idiums be in the land of Nod, be sunk in sleep, catch some shut-eye, rest in the arms of Morpheus, sleep like alog (or rock or top), sleep tight. Syn.'oversleep.

rtxn oerb. IIIT

|WUN,

sne sleep. 1. Syns.'asleep, out (Inforrwl), slumbering, snoozing (Infornwl), unawake. -Iilicms dead to the world, fast (or sound) asleep, in a sound (or wakeless) sleep, out like a light. ^ 2. Syns: dormant, inactive.

WAKEFUL.

snnsleep. 1. Syns.'dory, drowsy,nodding, slumberous(alsoslumbery,slumbrous), snoory(nformal), somnolen! soporific. 2. Syns:hypnotic, narcotic,slumberous (a/soslumbely,slumbrous), somnifacient,somniferous(a/so somnffic ), somnolent, somnorific, soporific.

sleer oerb Brit. Regiorul. To smile or laugh scornfully or derisively. sfeight rw.trl l. Skillfulness in the use of the hands or body. 2. An action meant to deceive 3. An indirect, usu. cunning means of gaining an end. sfender adiecthse l. Having little fesh or fat on the body. 2. Small in degree, esp. of probability.'

srvrrn oerb. 1. on>e So slow, deliberate,and secretas to escape observation. sfip nuun 1. An act or thoughtthat unintentionallydeviatesfrom what is correct, right, or true, 2. Infomwl. A minor mistake. slip oerb 1. To shift or be shifted out of place: The bmes and cvashedto the floor. _ Wed fr*n ^V2. To move smoothly,continuously,and efiortlessly. 3. To move silently and furtively. 4. To loseone'sbalanceand fall or almostfall. 5. To undergomoral deterioration. 6. lnfomnl. To decline,as in value or quantity,vea _ g"do4ly: Stockprices slipped an etghth of a point. 7. To make an error or mistake. 8. To maneuvergently and slowly into place. 9. Vet.Med.To bring forth a nonviableletus prematurely. 10. To castoff by naturalprocess. 11. To dpplge (a bone) from a socketor joint: slipped his shoulfur in the socaerganw. sfip away oerb To fail to be fixed by the mind, memory,or senses. slip into oerb To put (an article of clothing)on one'sperson. sfip on oerb To put (an article of clothing)on one'sperson. sfip away oerb sfip into wrb slip on oerb sfippery ad,iectitn l. So smoothand gtassyas to offer insecurehold or footing. 2. Charactet'wed,byor exhibitingevasion.

Syns: muck, ooze.

Syns: mucky, oozy.

l, rsnow aerb. 2. ntNc oerb.

THRO\M twltn.

srvnex oerb. l. sNnex rwun. 2. srrer,rn.

STEALTH.

STEAJ,TI{Y.

STEALTHY.

l. rnnon. 2. r-epsp rwun. 1. Syn.'slide. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

cr.ror. sxsAx o€rb. st-rnn oerb. px.r. oerb. Syns; drop off, fall ofi, sag.

7. nnn. 8. ntxsn osrb. 9. urscenny. 10. srrpo. 11. Syns; dislocate, throw out. throw out of joint. nscr.pn tnrb. DON. DON.

snnslip. sEEslip. ser slip. l. sr.rcxadiectiw. 2. rvesrvn.

--F

slosh

859 3. Astute but lacking in ethics or principles. adiectiae sf ippy So smooth and glassy as to offer insecure hold or footing.

3. sHenp adiectine. sr.rcK adiecthse.

sfipshod adiectiw 1, Indifferent to correctness, accuracy, or neatness. 2. Marked by an absence of cleanliness and order. rwtnt slip-up

1. cenpr,nss. 2. uBssv. sEEslip up.

sfip up oerb Infornwl. To make an error or mistake. sfip-up noun l.lnfornnl. An act or thoughtthat unintentionally deviatesfrom what is correct, riglrt, or true. 2. lnfomnl. A minor mistake. slit oerb To penetratewith a Sarp edge. sfit rwun The result of cutting. slither oerb 1. To move sinuously:A l,argeeartluoorrnslithered in the garden. 2. To lose one'sbalanceand fall or almostfall. 3. To move smoothly,continuously,and effortlessly. sfithery adiecthse So smoothand glassyas to offer insecurehold or footing. slobber oerb To let salivarun from the mouth. slobber nuu,n Salivarunning from the mouth. slobbery adiectioe Marked by * absenceof cleanlinessand order. slog oerb 1. To do tedious,laborious,and sometimesmenial work. 2. To walk heavily, slowly, and with difficulty. 3. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenlyand shalply. slop oerb 1. To walk heavily, slowly, and with difficulty. 2. To take on or move with an awkward,slovenly posture. 3. To hurl or scatter liquid upon. sfope oerb To depart or causeto depart from true vertical or horizontal. slope rw.rn l. Deviationfrom a particular direction. 2. An upward slope. sfoped adiectioe Departing from true vertical or horizontal. sloping adiectirse Departing from true vertical or horizontal. sfoppiness noun Infonnal. The quality or condition of being affectedly or overly emotional. sloppy adiectbe l. Indifferent to correctness,accuracy,or neatness. 2. Marked by * absenceof cleanlinessand order. 3. Infornwl. Affectedly or extravagantlyemotional. sfosh wrb l. To hurl or scatterliquid upon.

ERR.

1. rnnon. 2. r,epsB rroafit. cvr perb. cvT flou,fl. 1. Syns; snake, undulate. 2. srron oerb, 3. cr-rpB. sr,rcK adiectioe.

onoor oerb. DROOLfrawn. MESSY.

1. cnrwo r.rarb. 2. pr,oo. 3. sn oerb. 1. pr-oo. 2. st ovcm oerb. 3. spr,esn. rxcr-rNn oerb.

l. rNcr.werroN. 2. escsNr. INCLINED. INCLINED. SENTIMENTALTTY.

1. censr-rss. 2. unssv. 3. ssNrrMENTAL. 1. spr.esn.

sloshed 2. To fow or move with a low, slapping sound. sfoshed adiectioe SP"g. Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. . sfot noTtn 1. A post of employment. 2. A particular position in a designated order of importance. ^r-un

2. wesn. DRUNKadfectioe. 1. posrrrorv rmun. 2. pr-ecn rtortn.

sloth

The quality or state of being lazy. sfothfui adiectioe Resistant to exertion and activitv.

slothfulness rwun The qualityor stateof beinglazy. sfouch oerb l. To take on or move with an awkward, slovenly poshye: He slnrched into the room and fell into a big chair. 2. To-h*g @nll, loosely, and carelessly: a hat ulth a uid.e, slouchingbrim. slouch rrclwt A self-indulgjlt person who spends time avoiding work or other useful activity.

sfoughr rwun A *9. low-lyingareaof soft,waterlogged gound and standing - water. sfough2 oerb To cast off by nahrral process. sfovenfy adiectioe l. Indifferent to correctness, accuracy, or neatness. 2. Marked by * absence of cleanliness and order. sfow adiectioe l. Proceeding at a rate less than usual or desired: sloro progress toward peoce; slou nafu during nrch hou,r.

2. Characterized by reduced economic acttvity: Car sal.eslwnrc been'slou this gear. 3. Having only a limited ability to learn and understand. 4. Lacking in intelligence. sfow oerb To cause to be later or slower than expected or desired. sfow ad,oerb So as to fall behind schedule: This clock rurw slow. The train is an hun slou. slow-footed adiectiw Proceeding at a rate less than usual or desired. sfow-going adiectine Proceeding at a rate less than uzual or desired. sfow-paced ad.iectioe Proceeding at a rate less than usual or desired.

slowpoke rwun lnfomwl. One that lags. sfo*-witted adiec-th:e l. Having only a limited ability to learn and understand. 2. Lacking in intelligence. sluer wrb To turn asideshalply from a straight course.

LAZINESS. LAZY,

LAZINESS.

1.

lof, slop, slump.

2. Syns:droop, flop, loll, lop2,sag,wilt. \^/ASTREL.

swAMP ftoun.

SHED.

l. cennr.pss. 2. urssv. 1. Syns.' dilatoly, dragging, flagging laggard, lagging, poky (also pokey) (Informal), slow-footed, slow-going, slow-paced, tatdy. -Iilioms slow as a swamp hrrtle, slow as molasses in January. 2. Syns: down, dull, off, slack, sluggish, soft. 3. secKwARD adieaitse. 4. srupro. ow-ty oerb.

Syns; behind, behindhand, late. -Idimn behind time. srow adiectioe. sr,ow adiecthse.

LAC,GARD |IOUN.

1. secKwARo adiectioe. 2. sruprn. S\AIERVE.

861 snn slew. slue2 rwun slugl rwun DnlOP ftawl,. Informal. A small amount of liquor. sfug2 perb wn o&. Slarlg.To deliver (a powerftrl blow) zuddenlyand sharplv. slug3' twun \vASTNEL. lnfonnal. A self-indulgentpersonwho qpendstime avoiding work or other useful activrty. slugabed twnn \MASTREL. A self-indulgentpersonwho qpendstime avoiding work or other useful activiW. sluggard nu.nl \MASTREL. A self-indulgentpersonwho qpendstime avoiding work or other useful activity. sfuggish adiectioe 1. r.prnencrc. 1. Lacking mental and phpical alertnessand activity. 2. sr.ow adiectir:e. 2. Characterizedby reduced economic activity. sluggishness nu.trr 1. A deficiency in mental and phpical alertnessand activrty. 2. r-eznrpss. 2. The quality or state of being lazy. slumber oerb stnnp oerb, To be asleep. slumber rroun SIJEP TWUN. The natural recurring condiUonof suspended by which the body rests. consciousness slumbering adiec-tioe SLEEPING. In a slate of sleep. slumberless adiectioe WAXEFUL. Marked by * absenceof sleep. adiecthse slumbrous slumbery, also slumberou's 1. sr.nsPY. l. Inducing sleep. 2. sr.nnrx. 2. Readyfor or needingtl""p. ssp slumberous. sfumbery adiecthn spe slumberous. slumbrous adieccioe sfump rwtrrl 1. rer-r, rwun. 1. A usu.swift downward trend, as in prices. 2. pBpnnssroN. 2. A period of decreasedbusinessactivity and hig[r unemployment. slump oerb L. onop wrb. 1, To go from a more erect postureto a lesserect poshrre. 2.To take on or move with an awkward,slovenlyposhrre. 2. st ovcrt wrb. 3. srl..Loerb. 3. To undergo a sharp,raptd descentin value or price. sfur oerb urrnu oerb. To make defamatory statementsabout. sfur nDnn REFLECTION. An implied criticism. slushy ad.iectioe SENTIMENTAL. Infornwl. Affectedly or ertravagantly emotional. sfut rwun Syns.'beggage,foozy (also floozey) A vulgar, promiscuouswoman who flouts propriety: a (Slang),hussy,jade, slattern"strumpet, tau:dry slut in firy. fonood tarts, trafiIp, wench, wanton. sly o.diectioe 1. Syns; furtive, secretive,surreptitious. l. Trickily secret: a slg maneu:er. 2. enrrur.. 2. Deceitfully clever. 3. snenp adiecttw. 3. Astute but lacking in ethics or principles. 4. srnrwp.

r?l#txrc!;#:Tf,::*l#*:l:";:o",,

slyness sly oqb To move silently and furtively. sfyness noun Iack of straigbdorwardnessand honestyin action. Smackl oerb l. To touch or caresswith the lips, eqp.as a signof passionor affection. 2. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenlyand sharply. 3. To hit with a quick, sharpblow of the hand. Smack rroun 1. The act or an instanceof kissing. 2. A suddensharp,powerful stroki. 3. A quick, sharpblow, esp.with the hand. smack ad,oerb Without the slightestdeviationin any respect. smack2 oerb To have a particular flavor or suggestionof something: Thosestaternentsynack of treason. smaGk rruun l. A distinctive property of a zubstanceafiecting the gustatorysense. 2. A disfinctive yet intangible quality deemedtypical of a.gven thing. SmaCXef nDrrn 1. The act or an instanceof kissing. 2. A suddensharp,powerful stroke. 3. -A quick, sharpblow, esp.with the hand. small a.diectioe 1. Not yet large in sizedue to incompletegrowth: mothersuith ffiall children. 2. Notably below averagein amount,size,or scope. 3. Brit. Reginwl. Consistingof small particles. 4. Of subordinatestandingor importance. 5. Not broad or elevatedin scopeor understanding. 6. Contemptiblyunimportant. 7. Not irritating, strident,or loud. smaf lest adieittoe Comprisingthe leastpossible. smaf f-fry idiecthse Inf-ornwl. Of subordinatestandingor importance. smallish adiecthse Ngpbly b-elo-w averagein amount,size,or scope. small-minded adiecttoe 1. Not tolerant of the beliefs,opinions,etc., of others. 2. Not broad or elevatedin scopeor understanding. 3. Contemptibly 'rvtununimportant. smallness Contemptibleunimportance. smaff-tim-e adiectioe Inf-ormal.Of subordinatestandingor importance. smafl-town adiectiae Having the restricted outlook often characteristicof geographicisolation. Smafm oerb Regional.To qpreadwith a geasy, sticky, or dir$ zubstance. Smarmy adiectioe Affectedly and self-servinglyearnest. Sman oerb To feel or causeto feel a sensationof heat or discomfort.

sNpex tzrb. INDIRECTION.

l. xtss oerb. 2. r^rr oerb. 3. st * oerb. 1. xrss rwtn. 2. pl.-ow2, 3. sr,ep rwun. PRECISELY.

Syns: flavor, savor, smell, suggest,taste.

1. rr.evon nuun. 2. rr,,lvon rwun.

1. rrss rwtn. 2. sr.ow2. 3. sr.ep noun. 1. Syn; little. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

urtt.r.. rrrver adiecth:e. rrrnon adiectioe. Nennow. pnrry. sorr.

MTNTMAL. MrNoR

adiectioe.

LITTLE.

1. rNror,nneNr. 2. xennow. 3. prrry. PETTINESS.

MrNoR adiecthse. LocAL adiectioe.

Sttre,tn Oefb.

UNCTUOUS. srtwc oerb.

863 smaft rwun A sensationof phpical discomfort occurring as the result of diseaseor injury. smart adiectioe t. Mentally quick and original. 2. Being or in accordancewith the current fashion. 3. Amusingor pleasingbecauseof wit or originality. 4. Rude and disrespectfr.rl. smart aleck rwun Infonnal. One who is obnoxiouslyself-assertiveand arrogant: ffiwrt abch,swho heckbd tlw spealeer;mwrt al,eckscrackingiokesilwing the looe scerv.

PA.IN fwtfit.

1. cr.rvnn. 2. resnroNenr.n. 3. cr,nvnn. 4. rupuopxr. Syns:know-it-all Qnforrrul), malapert, saucebox,smarty (lnfornwl), smarty-pants (Slang),wiseacre(Infonnal), wisecracker (Slntg), wise guy (Slnng),wisehead (Infornwl), wiseling(Arclnic), wisenheimer (also weisenheimer) (Infonnal), *itlittg (Arclwit).

smarten oerb To improve in appearance,esp.by refurbishing. smarting adiectioe Marked by, causing or experiencingphysical pain. Smarts rw.tn Sl*rg.The faculty of thinking reasoning,and acquiring and apptyingknowledge. smafty rwun Infornml. One who is obnoxiouslyself-assertiveand arrogant. smarty-pants twm and Sl*rg.One who is obnoxiouslyself-assertive arrogant. smash oerb 1. To crack or split into two or more fragmentsby meansof or as a result of force, a blow, or strain. 2. To collapseor shatterby or as if by breaking. 3. To undergowrecking. 4. To strike together with a loud, harsh noise. 5. To causethe complete ruin or wreckageof. 6. To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenlyand sharply. smash notnt, 1. An abrupt, disastrousfailure. 2. Violent, forcible contactbetweentwo or more things. 3. A loud striking together. 4. A wrecking of a vehicle. 5. A forcefirl movementcausinga loud noise. smashed ad,iectiae SI*rg, Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. Smashup rwwl smash up oerb To undergo wrecking. smashup rwun 1. A wrecking of a vehicle. 2. An abrupt, disastrousfailure. smatteref rwun One lacking professionalskill and easein a particular pursuit. SmaZe rroun A thick, heavy atrnosphericcondition offering reduced visibility due to the presenceof suspendedparticles. Smear oerb 1. To qpreadwith a Seasy, sticky, or dirty substance: smearedthe bricks utith mortar.

FD(uP at fix.

SMART ALECK.

SMART ALECK.

l. nrtntx oerb, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

snpAK DowN. cnesn oarb. cr-ttstt osrb. onsrnov. ;arr oerb.

1. cor-r-epsgrwun. 2. cor-r-rsron. 3. cr,esn rwun. 4. cnesrr twun. 5. sr"err,rtwun, DRUNKad,iectioe. sEESmash up. Cntxsttoerb. 1. cnesn noun. 2. cor,r,epsg nou.rr. AMATEUR.

IJAZE fW'TfT.

l. Syns; bedaub, besmeat, butter, clart (Brit. Regional), dabr, daub, plaster,

smell

2. To castaspersions on. 3. Slarg. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competition. 4. Slary. To render totally ineffectiveby decisive defeat. Smear rwun 1. A discoloredmark made by smearingzhad o huge srnaarof axle greuseon his ieans. 2. An attempt to destroy someone'sreputation: a carefully mglneercd $ne(n by use of nmors. smell noun 1. The senseby which odorsare perceived:Rodents oftm illentify tlwir ofsprirybA ntearwof snwll. 2. "I\e quality of somethingthat may be perceived by the olfactory sense:the rnitgbd mwlls of food and seawaterat the beach. 3. A generalimpressionproducedby a predominant quality or characteristic. smell perb l. To perceive with the olfactory sense:One cuid mvll the srnlee for mibs. 2. To have or give off a foul odor: This shrhnp mtells.

smarm (Regiorwl), smudge. -r:UO lay it on thick. 2. nr.ecrnN. 3. onynl^r oerb. 4. ovnnwnnr.u.

1. Syns; blot, blotch, dabr, daub, smirch, smudge, smutch, splotch. 2. Syns: mudslinging, vilification. -Idiorn smear campaign. 1. Syns; nose, olfaction, scent. 2. Syns: aroma, odor, scent, snu.ffl.

3. ern nDrrn.

l. Syns; nose, scent, sniff, snuF, whiff. -Iilimn catch (or get) a whiff of. 2. Syns: funkt, reek, stench, stink. -ldbm smell to higlr heaven. 3. To have a particular favor or zuggestionoflsomething. 3. sv.txcxaoerb.

smeller rwun Infnrtal. The structure on the human face that containsthe nostrils and organsof smell and forms the b"g""i"g of the reqpiratorytract. smelly adiectioe Infomal. Having an unpleasantodor: vrwlly furnes fr*, o soapfactory. smidgen rroun Infonnal. A tinv amount. smile rrcrun A facial expressionmarked by * upward curving of the lips: gaoenw a cheerysnib. smile wrb To curve the lips upward in expressingamusement, pleasure,or happiness:$nilcd and unoed good-bye. smile on (or upon) oerb To lend zupportive approval to. smile oh (or uPon) oerb smirch noun A discoloredmark made by smearing. smirk oerb To smile in an insincere,knowing wayt men vnirking at peepslwws. smirk rroun An affected, knowing smile: srnirl(sand gigg;lesin the back of tlp theater. smitch rw.ur lnforrnal. A tiny amount. smite oerb 1. To deliver (a powerfrrl blow) suddenly and sharply. 2. To bri"g great harm or wffering to. smitten adiec.t.re Affected with intenseromantic attraction.

Syns; fetid, foul, foul-smelling malodorous, mephitic, noisome, reeking stinking. Brrl. Syn: gnn. -Idiom

broad grin.

Syns; beam, gnn. -ldiorns break into a smile, crack a smile, wreathe one's face in smiles, ENCOURAGE.

srn smile.

;;'r. cat.

-Id,ionrgrin like a cheshire

Syn; simper.-Idiom sardonicgrin.

Btrr. l. l*.rr oerb. 2. errr,rcr.

snack

86 5 smolder oerb To be in a state of emotional or mental turmoil. smOOCh nuun The act or an instanceof kissing. smooch oerb To touch or caresswith the lips, esp. as a sign of passionor affection. smooth adiectioe 1. Marked by facility, esp.of expression:a ffinoth prosestyle. 2. Having no irregularities,roughness,or indentations. 3. Posingno difficulty. 4. Free from severityor violence,as in movement. 5. Effortlesslygraciousand tacfi in social manner. smooth oerb l. To makeeven,smooth,or level. 2. To bring to perfecUonor completion. 3. To bring to perfectionor completion. smooth over oerb To bring (something)into a state of agreementor accord. smooth over oerb smooth-spoken adiectioe Fluently persuasiveand forceful. smother oerb l. To stop the breathingof. 2. To hold (somethingrequiring an outlet) in check. 3. To render totally ineffectiveby decisivedefeat. smothering rwun The act of restrainingforcefully. smudge oerb 1. To makedirty. 2, To spreadwith a greasy,sticky, or dirty substance. on. 3. To castaspersions smudge rottn A discoloredmark madeby smearing. smuggle oerb 1. To import or export secretlyand illegally: srrrugg;led in cocainefrom Smth America. 2. To bti"g in or take out secretlyzFriend,lydiplnruts srrugg;ledthe hostagesout of the country. Smuggler rroun A person who engagesin smuggling:o..rmssrnugg;lers operatingwt of Northem lreland. SmUt rwun Somethingthat is offensiveto acceptedstandardsof decency. smut oerb 1. To soil with foreign matter. 2. To castaspersions on. smutch oerb To make difly. smutch iroun A discoloredmark made by smearing. smutty adieaioe l. Covered or stainedwith or as if with dirt or other impurities. 2. Offensiveto acceptedstandardsof decency. SnaGk rwu,n A light meal.

r,otl- Derb. Krss rwun. rtss oerb.

1. Syns; cursive, easy, effortless, flowing, fuent, fluid, gaceful, ready, running. 2. rvrNr adiectioe. 3, resv. 4. cnNrr,B adfectioe. 5. sueve. l. nvnl{ oerb. 2. psnrncr oerb. 3. pnnrncr oerb. SETTLE.

sEE Smq)th. ELOQUENT.

1. cnoxn. 2. nnpnnss. 3. ovpnwrrnr.u. REPRESSION.

l. otxrv oerb. 2. svtntn oerb. 3. nr-ecrnN. SMEAR |IOUN.

l. Syns; bootleg, contraband, run. -Idiorn run contraband. 2. Syns: sneak, spirit.

Syns: bootlegger, contrabandist, rururer.

OBSCENITY.

1. srerN r:arb. 2. sLAcKEN. otnrt oerb. SMEAR |WUN.

1. ornry a.diectioe. 2. osscnNE. BITE tWUn.

snafu Snafu Derb t. SlayS.To harm irreparablyttoo"gh inept handling; make a messof. 2. Slang.To put into total disorder. snafu rwun l^. S_U"g.Alack of order or regulararrangement. 2. Slnng.A ruinous state of disorder. Snag norm 1. Anything that impedes prevents enty or passage, _or 2. A tricky or unsuspectedcondition. Snake oerb 1. To move along-ina crouchingor prone position. 2. To move silently and furtively. 3. To move sinuously. 4. To move or proceedon a repeatedlycurving course. Snary adiectioe Repeatedlycurving in alternate directions. Snap oerb l. To **" a li$! sharp noise: The bck snappedshut. 2. To make a suddensharp,explosivenoise. 3. To undergo partial breaking. 4. To give way mentally and emotionally. 5. To Sasp at (something)eagerly,forcibly, and with the jaws: sharlcssnappingat the {-ptly bloody bait. 6. To qpeakabruptly and sharply: He snappedat me f* r- recrsonat all. snap rraun l. A light, sharp noise: the snap of a light $Ditch. 2. A suddensharp,explosivenoise. 3. A suddenpull. 4. Infornwl. An aggressivereadinessto undertake taxing efforts. 5. Chiefly Brit. Regional.A light meal. 6. A tiny amount. 7. lnfornwl. An easilyaccomplishedtask. snap a.diectioe l. Spoken,performed,or composedwith little or no preparation or forethought. 2. InJorrnal.Posingno difficulty. snappish adieaioe l. Easily annoyed. 2. Having or showinga bad temper. snappy a.diectioe l. Infonrnl. Diqposedto action. 2. Inforrnn. Full of or characterizedby a lively, emphatic, eagerquality. 3. Infnntal. Being or in accordancewith the current fashion. 4. Easilyannoyed. Snafe oerb To gain control of or an advantageover by or as if by trapping. snare ftotrfr Somethingthat leadsone into a place or sihraUonfrom which escapeis difficult. Snarll rwrun 1. A lack of order or regular arrangement. 2. Somethingthat is intricately and often bewilderingly complex.

866 l. sorcr oerb. 2. corwusr. l. orsonnpR rwun 2. sorcH noun. l. sAR rwun. 2. cercn rrntn. l. 2. 3. 4.

cntwr rmrb. sxntx oerb. sr-rrnrn. wtvnP.

WINDING.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Syns; clack, clacket (Regiornl), click. cntcx oerb. cnrcx oerb. snrAK DowN. Syns; catch, nipl, snatch, strike.

6. Syns.'bark, snarl2. -Idiom,s bite someone's head off, snap someone's head (or nose) off. l. Syns: clack, click. 2. nuponr noun. 3.;rnx noun. 4. pnrvn noun. 5. srrr rwun, 6. srrl rwun. 7. r;nnnzn rwun. l. pxrnupoRANEous. 2. resv. l. rnnrresr.E. 2. u*-rnuPERED. 1. vrconous. 2. sprnrrno. 3. resnroxe-Br-s. 4. rnnrreslr. clrrcrr oerb.

LVRF

|WUN.

1. orsonpsr noun. 2. reNcr-p rrou,n.

snippety

867

snarl Derb 1. sriaANcLE. 1. To twist together so that separationis difficult. 2. coupr-rcerp. 2. To make complex, intricate, or perplexing. 3. corqrusn. put into total disorder. 3. To 'oerb snarl2 sNt,e oerb. To speakabruptly and sharply. snatch oerb l. clrcr oqrb. l. To get hold of (somethingmoving). 2. sntzn, of. forcible possession quick and To take 2. 3. srnr,J- wrb. 3. To take (another'sproperty) without permission. 4. rroxar. 4. Slnng.To seizeand detain (a person)unlawfully. 5. suep oerb. 5. To gasp at (something)eagerly,forcibly, and abruptly with the jaws. snatch nmtn CATCHfwtnl,. The act of catching,esp. a zuddentaking and holding. Sneak oerb l. Syns; creep, glide, gumshoe (Slary), 1. To move silently and furtivelyz tried to meak rut of lurk, mouse, prowl, pussyfooL shirk, the room whm my back ua"sfiimed; a cat hrglar skulk, slide, slink, slip, sln snake, steal. meaking onto the roof. 2. suuccr.n. 2.To britrg in or take out secretly. sneak twun Syns.' slink, sneaker, weasel. One who behavesin a stealthy,ftrrtive way: Her sneak of a hwbond was deceioingher. sneaker rwtrn SNEAKftaun One who behavesin a stealthy,firrtive way. sneakaness rrnn 1. uirorarcnoN. 1. Lack of straighdorwardnessand honestyin action. 2. srner.rrr. 2. Tbe act of proceedingslowly, deliberately, and secretly to escapeobservation. sneaking odiectioe 1. srrer.rrrv. 1. So slow, deliberate, and secret as to escape observation. 2. uronnrrexo. 2. Marked by treachery or deceit. sneakish od,iectioe SIEALTI{Y. So slow, deliberate, and secret as to escape observation. sneaky adiectioe 1. So slow, deliberate, and secret as to escapeobservation. l. srper.rnr. 2. uNosRHAND. 2. Marked by treacheryor deceit. Snegf no.ttl Syns; fleer, snicker (also snigger). A facial expressionconveyingscorn or derision: He respondedto my idea uith a $teeL sneer aerb 1. Syns; fleer, sleer (Brit. Regiorwl), 1. To smile or l".tgh scornfrrllyor derisivelyt Tlw snicker (also snigger), -Idiorn ad audierrcemeeredat the politician's prcrnises, 2. To regard with utter contempt and disdain. sneer at oerb To make fun of. Sneer at oerb snicker dso snigget oerb 1. To l"ogh in a stifledway. 2. To smile or l",rgh scornfully or derisively. snicker alsosnigger rwrnt l. A stifledl"rrgh. 2. A facial expressionconveyingscorn or derision. sniff oerb To perceive with the oHactorysense. snigger oerb b nmm snippety od,iectioe Rudely unceremonious.

onets lip. 2. onsprsp. nrotcvta oerb. sEESneer. l. ctcr;tn oerb. 2. srrnn oerb. l. crccr,r rwu,n. 2. srwpn rroun. s:llrr.t tnrb. snn snicker. ABRUPT.

snrpPy snippy adiectioe Rudelv unceremonious. snit noun Slang.A condition of excited distress. snitch oerb l. Slary. To give incriminating information about others,eqp.to the authorities. 2. Slmq. To take (another'sproperty) without permissisn. snitch alsosnitcher noun Sl-rg.One who givesincrimitratirrginformation about others. snitcher noun SnOb rw.rn One who deqpisespeople or things he regardsas inferior, eqp.becauseof socialor intellecfual pretension: That nob feels all American nwDiesMe trash. snobbish adieahrc Characteristicof or resemblinga snob: a mobbish attitudc. snobby adiecthn Characteristicof or resemblinga snob. SnOOp oerb Infornnl. To look into or inquire about curiously, inquisitively, or in a meddlesomefashion:snoopinginto their primte busirless,looLlrryfor gossip. snoop fwntn Infornnl. A personwho snoops:an oftce moop who repeatedall the lntest gossip. SnOOper noun lnfonrwl. A personwho snoops. SnOOplneSS rwtm Inforrnal. Undue interest in the affairs of others. snoopy ad,iec'tioe Infomwl. Unduly interested in the effairs of others. SnOOt twun l. Slang.The struchrre on the human face that containsthe nostrils and organsof smell and forms the beginningof the respiratory tract. 2. lnfornwl. One who deqpises people or thingshe regardsasinferior, esp.becauseof socialor intellechral pretension. Snqtty odiecthse Infonrwl. Characteristicof or resemblinga snob. SnOOze wrb lnformoL To be asleep. SnOOZe rroun Infonwl. The natural recurring condition of suspended by which the body rests. consciousness snoozing adieitan lnfornwl.In a stateof sleep. SnoOzy adiecthn Infornwl, Readyfor or needingsleep. SnOft ruyun Slang.A small amount of liquor. SnOUt twrtn Sbng. The stnrcture on the human face that contains the nostrils and organsof smell and forms the brg""i"g of the respiratory tract.

ABRUPT. STATE r7OUN,

l. nvronna. 2. srnu- oerb.

INFORMER.

srr snitch. Syns; elitist (a/so 6litist), high-hat (Slrlry), snoot (lnfonnnl).

Syns; elitist (a/so 6litist), hig!-hat (Slory), snobby, snooty (Infonnal), uppity (a/so uppish) (InforTrnl). SNOBBISH.

Syns; nose (around), poke, pry. -Idiont. stick one's nose into.

Syns: busybody, meddler, prier (also pryer), snooper Qnfornwl). sNooP ftoun. CURIOSTTY. CURIOUS.

1. r.losr twun.

2. sNon.

SNOBBISH,

stnnp oerb. SLEEP |WI'N,

SLEEPING. SI-EEPY.

DROP TWUN,

NOSE r?OUn.

sobby

869 snorvball Derb 1. To makeor becomegeateror larger. 2. To increaseor expandsuddenly,rapidly,or without control. snub oerb 1. To sliglrt (someone)deliberatelyzda.redto a.d.dress hirn furailinrly and usasruntdly varbbed.

2. To refuse to pay attention to (a person); treat with contempt. snub rwttn A deliberate slig[rt gauenw a snub right in front of the boss. snuffr oerb To perceive with the olfactory sense. snuff rw.tn The quality of somethingthat may be perceived by the olfactory sense. snuff2 oerb To causeto stop burning or giving tight. snuff out oerb To destroy all traces of. snuff out oerb Snug adiectioe 1. Affording pleasurableease. 2. Stretchedtiglrtly. 3. In good order or clean condition. snuggle wrb To lie or pressclose together, usu. with another person or thing: The cat wrgg;led on the blnnket. soak twun Sl*rg.A personwho is habituallydrunk. soak oerb 1. To saturate(something)with a liquid. 2. SInrW.To take alcoholic liquor, esp. excessiv"lyot habitually. 3. Slong.To exploit (another)by chargingtoo much for something. soak in oerb To come as a realization. soak up oerb l. To take in (moishrreor liquid). 2. To take in and incolporate, eqp.mentally. soaked odieaiae Covered with or full of liquid. soak in oerb soak up oerb SOaf oerb l. To rise abruptly and precipitously: The Wice of gold, has soared. 2. To move from a lower to a higlrer position. 3. To become greater in number, amount, or intensity. soaring ad,iectioe Extending to a great height. sob oerb To make inarticulate soundsof grief or pain, usu. accompaniedby tears. sobby ad,iectioe Affected or extravagantlyemotional.

1. rNcnresnoetb, 2. pxpr-oor. 1. Syns; cold-shoulder(lnfonrnl), cut rebuff, shun, qpurn. -Idiorns $ve someonethe cold shoulder,turn a cold shoulderon, turn one's back on, slam the door on. 2. rcxonn. Syns; cold shoulder(lnfonrul), cut rebuff, spurn. svntt oerb. SMELL

froun.

EXTINCUISH. ANNIHII,AIE.

sEEsnufF. 1. couronrAglE. 2. reur. 3. rvrlr. Syns; cuddle, nestle, nt:zzle.

DRT'NKARD.

1. srenp9. 2. onwr oerb, 3. sxrN r:erb.

nrcrsren oarb. 1. nnu.rr oerb. 2. essonB. wnT adiecthn. sEE SOak. sen soak. 1. Syns; rocket, shoot up, slry, skyrocket, upsoar. 2. trsn wrb. 3. nrsn tnrb, TALL.

cnv oerb.

SENTIMENTAL.

sober sober adiectioe l. Exercising moderation and self-restraint in appetites and behavior. 2. Full of or marked by digttity and seriousness. 3. Having or indicating an awareness of things as they really are. soberne6s noun The prgctice of refraining from use of alcoholic liquors. sobersided adiectioe Marked by sober sinceritv. sobriety tmun f . HEh seriousnessof manner or bearing. 2. Sober sinceritv. 3. The practice of refraining from use of alcoholic liquors. sociable ad.iectioe l. Of, characterized by, or inclined to living together in communities. 2. Liking company. 3. Characterized by kindness and warm, unaffected courtesy. 4. Spent, marked by, or enjoyed in the company of others. sociaf adiectitse l. Of, characterized by, or inclined to living together in communities: a social being. 2. Spent, marked by, or enjoyed in the company of others: a pbasant social afternaon. 3. Liking company. 4. Of or pertaining to the structure, organization, or functioning of society.

l. rnuprnern. 2. cnerrn2. 3. nper,rsrrc.

SERIOUS. l. cnevrlv.

2. snnrousrvnss. 3. reupnnANcE.

1. socrer,. 2. coupeNroNABLE. 3. cnacrous. 4. socrer,.

1. Syns; gregarious, sociable. 2. Syns: companionable, convivial, sociable. 3. coupervroNABlE. 4. socrnrer,.

socialize unib 1. To place under government or group ownership or control: sociali,zethe steel ind,wtry. 2. To fit for companionship with others, esp. in attitude or manners: socializing srnll children. 3. To take part in social activities: The team members socialize together off the fi"\d. societal adiectitse Of or periaining to the structure, organization, or furrctioning of society: pressures for societal change. SOCletary adiec-tioe Of or pertaining to the structure, organization, or functioning of society. SOCfefy naun l. People of the highest social level: wos fornwlly presented to New York society at a ball.

2. Persons as an organized body. 3. A goup of people united in a relationship and

1. Syns; communalize, nationalize. 2. Syns: acculturate, civilize. 3. Syn: mingle.

Syns; social, societary.

l. Syns; aristocracy, aristoi, blue blood, crdme de la crdme (French), elite (aho 6lite), fower, gentility, gentry, haut monde (Frerrch), patriciate, quality, upper class, upper crust (Informal), who's who. 2. pusr,rc twun. 3, unroN.

interest,activrty,or purposein H;1*"il-e 4. A pleasantassoeiationamongpeople. Sock twun l. Slang.A zuddensharp,powerful stroke. 2. Slang.The capacig to createa powerful effect. sock oerb Slnng.To deliver (a powerful blow) suddenlyand sharply.

4. coupervy rtoun, 1. slow2. 2. wer-r-op nuun. larr oerb.

solace

871 sock away oerb Informal. To place (money)in a bank. sock away oerb sodden oerb To make thoroughlywet. sodden adiectioe l. Coveredwith or full of liquid. with alcoholicliquor. 2. Sl"ang.Intoxicated soft adiectioe 1. Yieldingeasilyto pressureor weight; not firm: sof butter; a soft pillnw. 2. Free from severityor violence. 3. Of a kindly, consideratecharacter. 4. Not irritating, strident, or loud: a soft ooice. 5. Not strict or severe. 6. Infonnal. Lacking in intelligence. 7. lnfornal. Affording pleasurableease. 8. Of smallintensity. 9. Afiectedly or extravagantlyemotional. 10. Characterizedby reducedeconomicactivrty. soften rserb 1. To make or becomelesssevereor extreme. 2. To moderateor changea positionor courseof action as a result of pressure. 3. To easethe anger or agitation of. softheaded ailiectiae as to be laughable. So senseless softhearted adiectioe Of a kindly, consideratecharacter. soft-pedal oerb lnfomnl. To makelessemphaticor obvious,foftpiaded our contributionsin an attentpt to take most of the credit for herself. soft-soap oerb L. Infonnal. To persuadeor try to persuadeby gentle, persistenturglng or flattery. 2.Infomtnl. To complimentexcessivelyand ingratiatingly. soggy adiectioe 1. Coveredwith or firll of liquid. 2. Damp and warm. soil oerb 1. To make dirty. on. 2. To castaspersions 3. To makemorally impure. soifed adiectbe Covered or stainedwith or as if with dirt or other impurities. soify adiecthse Covered or stainedwith or as if with dirt or other impurities. soirtie alsosoir6e nDrrn A large or important social gathering. soiourn oerb To remainas a guestor lodger. sojourn noun A remaining in a place as a guestor lodger. solace oerb To give hope to in time of grief or pain.

BeNxl.

sEEsock. war oerb. 1. wsr adiectioe. 2. onuxx ad;iectioe. 1. Syns; mushy, pappy,pulpous, pulpy, quagg/, sponry, squashy, squelchy, squishy, yrelding. 2. cpurr-r ad,iectioe. 3. cpwrr-n adiecthse. 4. Syns: hushed, low, low-key (oho lowkeyed), quiet, small, subdued. 5. ror-nneNt. 6. srupro. 7. covronrABlE. 8. r,rcnr2. 9. spvruvrnvre,r.. 10. sr,ow a,iliectioe. 1. uoonnern oerb. 2. wpexnN. 3. pecrrv. FOOLTSH.

cENTLE ad,iectioe. Syns; de-emphasize, play down, tone down.

l. coex. 2. r'r.errpn.

l. wnr ad,iectioe. 2. sncrv. l. orctrv oerb. 2. nr-ecruN. 3. rem'r oerb. DrRTYadiectioe.

DrRfi adiectioe.

PA.RTY TWUN.

srllvr oerb. stevr noun. couronr

oarb.

872

soldier solace noun A consolingin time of gief or pain. soldier ruoun One who engagesin a combat or struggle.

coMFoRT

frou,n.

FICHTER.

soldierly ofirittue Pertaining to, characteristic of, or performed by troops. SOfe ad.iectioe l. Alone in a given category. 2. Not divided among or shared with others. 3. Without a spouse.

solecism noun A term whoseform offendsagainstestablishedusage standards. sofefy a&nrb 1. To the exclusionof anyoneor anything else:I work solelyat night. 2. Without the presenceor aid of another. solemn adiectioe Full of or marked by digity and seriousness. sofemness rwun High seriousness of manner or bearing. solemnity rwun of manner or bearing. fligh seriousness SOlemnlZe oerb To mark (a dayor event)with ceremoniesof reqpect, festivity,or rejoicing. solicit oerb To endeavorto obtain (something)by expressingone's needsor desires. soficitous adiectiae l. Full of polite concernfor the well-beingof others. 2. Intenselydesirousor interested. solicitously' o&mb In a consideratemanner. sofid adiectioe l. Not easilymoved or shaken. 2. Firmly settledor positioned. 3. Unyieldingto pressureor force. 4. Capableof being dependedupon. 5. Servingto convince. 6. Being in or characterizedby completeagreement. judgment,reasoningor evidence. ?...Bq:d on good SOfl0anty rurun An identity or coincidenceof interests,pu4)oses,or sympathiesirmongthe membersof a group. sofidity oerb To make or becomephysicallyhard. sofidity nuun 1. The conditionof being free from defectsor flaws. 2_.The quality, condition, or degreeof being thick. -adieLttoe sofitary l. Set away from all others:a solitary Nonnan taatchtuaer on the English coast. 2. Lacking the companyof others. 3. Not friendly, sociable,or warn in manner. 4. Alone in a given category. 5. Far from centersof humanpopulation. solitude nuun The quality or state of being alone. sofo adoerb Without the presenceor aid of another.

MILITARY. l.

r.oNe.

2. pxcr-usrw. 3. srNcr-r adiectioe. CORRUPTION.

l. Syns;alone,but, entirely, only. 2. er-oxea&serb.' cnew2. GRAVITY.

GRAVITY. CELEBRATE.

nngursr oerb.

1. errrNrrvn. 2. recsn. CONSIDERATELY.

1. sourvnP. 2. sunn. 3. rrnul. 4. 5. 6. 7.

orprNoABLE. corwrNcrxc. uwewruous. sournP.

UNITY.

}IARDEN.

1. souxor.rEss. 2. rnrcxNEss. 1. Syns,'alone, apart, detached, isolate, isolated, lone, removed. 2. er-orvr adiectioe. 3. coor- ad;iectitse. 4. r-oxs. 5. nnuorn. ALONENESS.

AroNE a&:erb.

873 sofution nouln Somethingworked out to explain,resolve,or provide a method for dealing with and settling a problem. solve oerb 1. To find a solutionfor. 2. To arrive at an answerto (a mathematicalproblem). somatic ad,iecth:e Of or pertaining to the human body. somber alsosombre adiectioe l. Dark and depressing. 2. Full of or marked by digntty and seriousness. somberness nurtn High seriousness of manneror bearing. sombre a.diectit>e sOme adiectioe Consistingof an indefinitely small number that is more than two or three but lessthan many. somebody rwun lnfomwL An important, influential person. SOmeOne rwun Infonrnl. An important, influenUalperson. something noun One that existsindependently. sometime adiectiae Havingbeen suchpreviously. somnifacient a.diecthn Inducing sleep. somnifacient rxlun Somethinethat inducessleep. somnifero[s aho somnific' ad,iectioe Inducing sleep. somnific adiectioe somnofenl adiectioe 1. Readyfor or needingrl""p. 2. Inducing sleep. somnorific adiectioe Inducing rl""p. SOnanCe ruxtn The sensationcausedby vibrating wave motion that is perceived by the organsof hearing. sonant a.diectioe Producedby the voice. sOngster rwun A personwho sings. songstress rvntn A personwho sings. SOnOTOUSad,iectioe 1. Characterizedby languagethat is elevated and sometimespompousin s$e: sorlorouaphrasestlwt stined the crowd. 2. Having or producinga full, deep, or rich sound. soothe oerb 1. To make or becomecalm. 2. To give hope to in time of grief or pain. 3. To easethe anger or agitation of. soothsay oerb To tell about or make known (futrue events)by or as if by supernahral means.

soothsay ANSWER fWUn.

l. nnsorvn oerb. 2. wonx oerb. BODILY.

1. cr-oouv. 2. cnave2. GRAVITY.

snp somber. SEVERAL.

DIGNITARY. DTGNTTARY.

THING.

t*v,

a.diectioe.

SLEEPY. soPoRrFrc

nolrfl.

SLEEPT.

sEEsomniferous. 1. sr,nnpr. 2. sr,snPY. SLEEFT. souNDl.

vocAl.

VOCALIST.

VOCALIST.

1. Syns; aureate, bombastic, declamatory, fustian, grandiloquent higlrfalutin or hifalutin (aho highfalrtirg) (lnfonnal), higlr-fl own, high-sounding magniloquent, orotund, rhetorical. 2. nrsoNeNT. l. cN.u rserb. 2. couronr oerb. 3. pecrrv. PROPHESY.

874

soothsayer soothsayer t@un A personwho foretellsfutureeventsby or asif by mpernaturalmeans. sooty ad,iecthn Of the darkestachromaticvisualvalue. sop wrb wet. 1. To makethorouglrly 2. To take in (moishre or liquid). Sophism nuun Plausiblebut invalid reasoning. sophistic adiectioe Containing fundamentalerrors in reasoning. sophisticate oerb To make impure or inferior by deceptively adding foreign substances. sophisticated adiectiae l. Experiencedin the waysof the world; lacking natural simplicity: trbd to aryear sophisticatedbut trns really oery naioe. 2, Appeding to or engagingthe intellect. sophistry rwtrn Plausiblebut invalid reasoning. soporific twtut Somethingthat inducessleep: a soporific prescribedby the dnaor. soporific adiectioe 1. Inducing sleep. 2. Readyfor or needingsleep. S0ppfng odiecthse Covered with or fr:ll of liquid. soppy ad,iec-tioe 1. Coveredwith or full of liquid. 2. Slang.Affectedly or extravagantlyemotional. SOfCefeSS rwun A woman who practicesmagic. SOfCery rw.tn The use of supernahrralpowers to infuence or predict events. sordid ad;iectioe Having or proceedingfrom low moral standards:IIis life was a sordid afair. SOre ad,iectioe 1. Marked by, causing,or experiencingphysicalpain. 2. lnforntal. Feeling or showinganger. SOfehead rrrnln Shg.A personwho habituallycomplainsor grumbles. SOfeneSS nou,n 1. An instanceof irritating, as of a part of the body. 2. A sensationof physical discomfort occurring as the result of diseaseor injury. SOffOW rroun Mental anguishor pain causedby loss or despair. sorrow oerb To feel, show,or expressgrief. Sorrowful adiectioe l. Causingsorrow or regret: a sonowful and shameful death. 2. Full of or expressiveof sorrow: a soruaful snil"e.

PROPHET.

BLAcK odiectioe. l. wnr oerb. 2. onwx oerb. FALLACY.

FALLACIOUS. ADULTERATE.

1. Syns; cosmopolitan, worldly, worldlywise. 2. wrnr.r.ncruAr, ad:iectioe. FALLACY.

Syns: hnrnotic, nalcotic, opiate, somnifacient. 1. sr.nnpv. 2. sr-rnpv. wnr adiecthse. 1. wBr ad:iectioe. 2. sH.ITTMENTAL. WITCH

|WUN.

MAGIC |IOI'N,

Syns; base2,contempUble, despicable, ignoble, low, low-down, meanz, squalid, vile. l. perrvrur.. 2. eNcnv. GROUCH froun. l. mnrrenoN. 2. perN noun.

GRIEF. GRIEVE.

1. Syns; doleful, dolorous, grievous, lamentable, lugubrious, moumful, regrettable, rueful, sad, woefi.rl (a/so woful). 2. Syns: doleful, dolorous, lugubrious,

875

sound2 mournful, plaintive, rueftrl, woebegone (a/sowobegone),woeful (aho woful).

sorry adiecthse 1. Expressingor inclined to expressan apolory. 2. Feelingor expressingregret for one'ssinsor misdeeds. 3. Disturbing becauseof failure to measureup to a standardor producethe desiredresults. 4. So objectionableasto elicit despisal. SOft noun A classthat is defined by the common attribute or its members. attributes possessed by "ll sort oerb 1. To distribute into groups according to kinds. 2. To set apart (one kind or tlpe) from others: sort the uheat from the clnff; sorting out good idnas frorn

1. epor-ocnrrcad,iectioe. 2. nmaonsEFul. 3. orsepporNTrNc. 4. rrr,rrrv. nN#.

l. e.ssonr. 2. Syns: separate, sift, winnow.

bad. 3. ennercn. 3. To put into a deliberate order. sort out oerb ASSORT. To distribute into groupsaccordingto kinds. sortilege rwun MAGIC TIOU,N, The use of supernaturalpowers to influence or predict events. sEEsort. sort out oerb SOt nou,n DRUNKARD. A person who is habitually drunk. 9O^R, Sough oerb L. srcn oerb. l. To exhaleaudibly in a long deep breath, rs h sorrow,weariness,or relief. 2. lrgnllivn oerb. 2. To make a low, continuous,and indistinct sound. sough twun 1. srcnrvrun. 1. The act or sound of siglring. 2. uunprunnuun. 2. A low, indistinct, and often continuoussound. SOuf twun l. Theol. The essentialbeing of a person,regarded as L. Syn:qpirit. immaterial and immortalzconsigwd his suil to Cod. 2. sprmr. 2. The vital principle or animatingforce within living beings. 3. The seatof aperson'sinnermostemotionsand feelings. 3. nnenr. 4. A memberof the humanrace. 4. nurvreN BEING. 5. The most central and material part. 5. nnenr. Soundl rwun 1. Syns; noise, sonance. l. The sensationcausedby vibrating wave motion that is perceived by the organsof hearing: Wlnt was that su^ud,? 2. Rangeof audibility. 2. npanrNc. sound oerb l. To have the appearanceof. 1, erpnen. 2.To test the attihrdeof. 2. rpnr- our at feel. 3. To makeoverturesto, eqp.for the purposeof 3, eppnoecn oerb. achievinga desiredresult. sound2 adiectine l. Not easilymoved or shaken:a horce u:ith a swrd, l. Syns; firmr, secure, solid, stable, sfurdy, sure. fotmdation. 2. In excellentcondition. 2. cooo ad,iectioe, 3. Having good health. 3. xrer-rrrv. 4. Basedon goodjudgment,reasoning,or evidence: 4. Syns: cogent, just, solid, Ught (S/ang), sourd.bgb. valid. 5. Servingto convince. 5. coNvrNcIllc. 6. Possessing, proceedingfrom, or exhibitinggood 5. sexn. judgment and prudence.

876

soundless soundfess adiectine Marked by, done with, or making no sound or noise. rnrun soundlessness The absence of sound or noise. Soundness noun l. The condition of being free from defects or flaws: tcsted the machine for sutndtwss. 2. The condition of being physically and mentally sound. 3. A healthy mental state. 4. Reliability i" withstanding pressure, force, or stress. SOUp rwun Sl*rg. A difficult, embarrassing situation. SOUpQOn nou,n L. French. A barely perceivable indication of something. 2. Frerrch. A rlight amount. Soupy ad:iectioe Infonrnl. Affectedly or extravlgantly emotional. SOur adiectioe l. Having a taste characteristic of that produced by acids: a Dery sun l.emon. 2. Having a noticeably sharp, pungent taste or smell. 3. Broodingly and sullenly unhappy. sour oerb To make or become bitter. sour adoerb L. Infornwl. In such a way as to inflict hardship or difficulty. 2. W*/. Not in the right way or on the proper SOUfCe twun l. A point of origination. 2. An acquaintance who is in a position to help. SOUfpUSS rwun SI*rg.A person who habitually complains or grumbles. SOUS€ rroun Slang. A person who is habitually drunk. souse oerb l. To plunge briefly in or into a liquid. 2. To make thorouglrly weL SOuSed adiectioe l. Covered with or full of liquid. 2. Slnng.Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor. SOUVgnlf rrotrn Something that causes one to remember. sovereign odiectiae l. Exceptionally good of its kind. 2. Having political independence. S0vereignty nunn The condition of being politically free. SOW oerb To put (seeds) into the ground for growth. SpaGe noun l. A wide and open area, as of land, slry, or water. 2. An extent, measured or unmeasured, of linear qPace. 3. A rather short period. sPaced-out adieaioe Slang. Stupefied, intoxicated, or otherwise influenced by the taking of drup.

SILENT. SILENCE ftAun.

l. Syns; firmness, integrity, solidity, stability, strength, wholeness. 2. nr.lr.rn. 3. seNrrv. 4. srasu-rrY. PREDICAMENT.

1. rnecn rwun. 2. snenn noun. SENTIMENTAL.

1. Syns; acerb, acerbic, acetous (a/so acetose), acid, acidulous, dry, tartl. 2. nrrrnn adiectiae. 3. cr-uu. EMBTTTER.

1. neno adoerb. 2. wnoNc adoerb.

1. onrcrx. 2. covrecr

rwun.

GROUCH TIOUN, DRUNKARD.

l. orc oerb. 2. wnr oerb. 1. wnr adiectioe. 2. onuxr adiecthse.

1. rxcnr.r,rn'r. 2. rnpn ad;iectioe. FREEDOM.

szno oerb. 1. nxpeNsn. 2. orsreNcn. 3. srrl. DRUGGED.

spate

877 spacious adiectioe l. Large in expanse. 2. Having plenty of room. spade oerb l. To break, turn over, or remove(earth,sand,etc.) with or as if with a tool. 2. To makeby digging. Span twun 1. The measureof how far or long somethinggoesin space,time, or degee. 2. A specific length of time characterizedby the occurrenceof certain conditionsor events. 3. A limited or specific period of time during which somethinghappens,lasts,or extends. spangle oerb To emit liglrt suddenlyit rays or sparks. spangle nou,n A small, sparHingdecoration. spank oerb To hit with a quick, sharp blow of the hand. spank noun A quick, sharpblow, eqp.with the hand. Spannef rroun Chiefl.y Brit. A tool with jaws for gipping and twisting. SPare oerb 1. To free from an obligationor duty. 2. To treat with inordinate gentlenessand care. 3. To usewithout wasting. 4. To reservefor the future. spare ad,iectioe l. Being more than is needed,desired,or appropriate. 2. Conspicuouslydeffcient in quantity, fullness,or extent. 3. Having little flesh or fat on the body. 4. Characterizedby an economyof artistic expression. sparing adiectioe Carefrrl in the use of material resources. Spafk twttn l. A suddenquick light. 2. A sourceof further growth and development. spark oarb To attempt to gain the affection of. sparkle oerb To emit liglrt suddetly it rays or sparks. sparkle nuun 1. Sparkling britliant light. 2. Brilliant, showyqplendor. sparkling adiecttue l. Amusingor pleasingbecauseof wit or originality. 2. Full of joyful, unrestrainedhigh spirits. SparSe ad,iectbe Conspicuouslydeficient in quantity, fullness,or extent. SpaSm noun A violent, excruciatingseizureof pain. Spat rwun 1. A discussion,often heated,in which a difference of opinion is expressed. 2. Infonnal. A quick, sharpblow, esp.with the hand. Spate r,oun l. Somethingzuggestiveof running water. 2. An abundant,usu. overwhelming flow.

1. snoAD. 2. noorvrv. L. orc oerb. 2. orc oerb. 1. n:rrnn'r. 2 pBnroo. 3. tnnu nuun.

rwsn oerb. GLITTER |WUN. sl-l.p oerb. 9LAP ftoun. WRENCH froUn, L. nxcvsn oerb,

2. rrvon oerb. 3. nconourzn. 4. sevs. l. suprnrr-uous. 2. ure.cnn. 3. rnrN adpctioe. 4. rrcxr a.diectioe. ECONOMICAL.

1. sr,rNK rruun. 2. csnn. covnr ryrb. rt tsn oerb. 1. cr.rr:rrn rwun. 2. cr,rrrnn rwun. 1. cr-rven. 2. nxunnnent. MEAGER. THROE.

1. encuunnr. 2. sr-ep rwarrr. l. rr,ow rrornt. 2. rrooo rwrrn.

878

spatter spatter oerb l. To hurl or scatterliquidupon. 2. To markor soilwith spots. 3. To makedefamatory statements about. Spawn oerb 1. To produce sexually or asexually others of one's kind. 2. To cause to come into existence. 3. Tg give rise to a particular development. sPawning adiectioe Capable of reproducing. spawning rroun The process by which an organism produces others of its kind.

1. spr-esn. 2. spor oerb. 3. nl,rlnr oerb. 1. nnpnooucn. 2. pnouucn. 3. cnxnnern. FERTILE.

speak oerb 1. To express oneself in speech: couldn't speakbecatne of Inryngitis; spoke to ea.chparent who attend,ed the play. 2. To direct speech to. 3. To articulate (something) in words. 4. To tdk to (an audience) formally. 5. To engage in spoken exchange. speak for oerb To serve as an official delegate of. rwun Speaker 1. One who delivers a public speech: a mooing and, efectioe speaker. 2. A person who speaks on behalf of another or others: The speaker for the goDelnor mad,e the antwuttcarwnt.

speak for oerb speciaf adiectioe 1. Of, relating to, or intended for a distinctive thing or group: a special medication for arthritis; a special entrance for the physicallg handicoWed. 2. Fixed and distinct from others. rwun specialty l. An area of academic study that is part of a larger body of learning. 2. Something at which a person excels. SpeCleS noun A class that is defined by the common attribute or attributes possessedby all its members. ad;iectioe specific 1. Fixed and distinct from others: had rw specif,c pulpose in mind. 2. Of., relating to, or intended for a distinctive thing or goup. 3. Clearly, fully, and sometimes emphatically expressed.

l. Syns.'talk, utterl, verbalize, vocalize. -Idiufiis break silence, open one's mouth (or lips), put in (or into) words, wag one's tongue. 2. tnnnnss oerb. 3. rN-x oerb. 4. enonrss oarb. 5. corwnnsnr oerb. REPRESENT.

l. Syns; speechifier, speechmaker, talker. 2. Syns: mouth (Infornnl), mouthpiece (Infomnl), spokesman, spokesperson, spokeswoman. sEEspeak. 1. Syns; especial, individual, parUcular, specific. 2. spncrrrc. l. eRANcHrwun. 2. ronrr. xrunP.

1. Syns; express, setr, special. 2. sprcrar-. 3. pnnxrrr.

specificate oerb To make specific. nultn specificatioh A restricting or modifying element. oerb specify l. To make known or identify, as by signs. 2. To refer to by name. 3. To make specific. nuun Specimen One that is representative of a goup or class.

STIPULATE. PROVISION.

1. orsrcxers. 2. Ntvrn aerb. 3. supur-arn. EXAMPLE.

879 specious ad;iectioe 1. Containing fundamentalerrors in reasoning. 2. Devoid of truth. speciousness twun Plausiblebut invalid reasoning. SpeGk twun A tiny amount. speck oerb To mark with many small spots. sPeckle oerb To mark with many small spots:a white horsespecklzd uith browt spots. speGtaGle rwun An impressiveor ostentatiousexhibition. spectacular adiectbe 1. Suggestingdrama or a stageperformance,as in emotionality or fl$pense. 2. Of such a character as to overwhelm. spectator noun Someonewho observes. sPecter rruun A supernaturalbeing. spectral ad,iectioe Gruesomelysuggestiveof ghostsor death. Spectrum noun A supernaturalbeing. speculate oerb 1. To usethe powersof the mind, as in conceiving ideas,drawing inferences,and making judgments. 2. To take a risk in the hope of gaining advantage. speculation noun l. The act or processof thinking. 2. A venture dependingon chance. 3. Abstract reasoning. specufative a.diectine l. Of, characterizedby, or diqposedto thought. 2. Concernedwith or restrictedto a theory or theories. specufator rwun l. One who speculatesfor quick profits: stock-market specalators. 2. One who bets. SpeeCh rwrrn 1. The faculty, act" or product of speaking:a sme throat tlwt mailo speechdifiatlt; terms tlwt ocan in speechmrrrethan uniting. 2. A usu.formal oral communicationto an audience:a ml"eilictoty speechat gradtntion. 3. A sptem of terms used by a people sharinga history and culture. speechifier rwun One who deliversa public speech. sPeechless ad,iectiae 1. Temporarily unable or unwilling to speak,as from shockor fear: uas speechlessin her corftnion and sutprise. 2. Lacking the power or faculty of speech. Speechlessness rurun The avoidanceof speech. speechmaker nuun One who deliversa public qpeech.

speechmaker 1. rer-r-ecrous. 2. rar-ss. FALLACY. BITr. SPECKLE.

Syns;bespeckle,dapple, dot" fleck, frecHe, mottle, pepper, speck,sprinkle, stipple. DISPI,AY

|IOT'N.

1. oneuerrc. 2. sreccBnwc. \MATCHER. GHOST froun. GHASTLY. GHOST ftDu,n.

1. rruNx. 2. cl.lvrsr.Eoerb, 1. rnoucnr. 2. ceMsr-n rwun. 3. rnronv. l. rnoucnrFur-. 2. rnronprrcAl. 1. Syns; advenhrer, gambler, operator. 2. surron. 1. Syns; discourse, talk, utterance, verbalization, voice. -Idiorn oral communication. 2. Syns: address, allocution" declamation, lecture, oration, prelection, talk. 3. r.aNcue.cr.

SPEAKER.

l. Syns: dumb, mlrn, mute, silent, Ughtlipp"d, wordless. 2. ourvrs. SILENCE SPEAKER.

NOUN.

speed Speed noun l. Rate of motion or performancezdtooe at a rnoderate speed;unrkirq at brealcneckspeed. 2. Rapidnessof movement or activity. speed wrb l. To move swfiy. 2. To increasethe speedof. speed up oerb To increasethe speed of: We speededup the lo"di"g so as to be done by quitting time. speediness rroun Rapidnessof movementor activity. speed up wrb speedy ad.iectiw l. Accomplishedin very little time. 2. Characterizedby great celerity. sp€llt oerb To have or convey a particular idea. spell out wrb To make understandable. spell2 oerb To_actupon with or as if with magic. spell3 ,6un l. A rather short period. 2. A limited, often assignedperid of activity, duty, or opportunity. spcll oerb To free from a speciffcduty by acting as a zubstitute. spelfbind oerb' 1. To act upon with or as if with magic. 2. To compel the attention, interes! imagination,etc., of. spell out M'b spend oerb 1. To distribute (money)aspayment: The studb cpffit a million dollats to pronwte tfu filn. 2. To use all of. 3. To use time in a particular way: spent nunmerc at the berch; spent the ilag calaiotittgher taxes. 4. To be depleted. spendthrift adieaioe Characterizedby excessiveor imprudent qpending. spendthrift rxntn A person who qpendsmoney or resourceswastefully. Spefm rwun The male fluid of fertilization. Spew wrb To send forth (confinedmatter) violently. sphere rroun An area within which somethingor someoneexists, acts, or has influence or power. spherical alsospheric adiectiae Having the shapeof a curve everywhere equidistant point. from a fixed -spheroidic, spheroidical adiectine spheroid also Having the shapeof a curve everywhereequidistant from a fixed point. spheroidic ab6 spheroidical adiectioe spic-and-span diectiae In good order or clean condition.

1. Syns; celerity, clipr (Infornwl), pace, quiclrress, rapidity, swiftness, tempo, velocity. 2. nesrn raurn. l. nuss oerb. 2. sprrp up. Syns: accelerate, expedite, hasten, hurry, quicken, speed, step up. HASTEftoun. sEEspeed. 1. gurcx a.diectioe. 2. resr adiectioe. uEeNl. EXPLAIN.

cruxnu oerb. l. nrrl. 2. rtrnN noun.

RELIEVE. L. clgtanl oerb. 2. cnrp oerb. snn spelll.

l. Syns:disburse,expend,fork out (Inforntal), grve,lay ourt(lnfornwl), outlay, pay, shell out (Infornwl). 2. Bnneusr. 3. Syns; pass,put in. 4. en oerb. EXTRAVAGANT. \ilASTREL.

9E'F'D ftoltfr. ERUPT. RANGE |IOUN.

ROUND.

ROUND.

sEEspheroid. NEAT.

881 spicy adiectiae Borderingon indelicacyor impropriety. Splel oerb Slang.To talk volubly, persistently,and usu. inconsequentially. spill oerb 1. To come to the ground suddenlyand involuntarily. 2. lnfornwl. To disclosein a breachof confidence. 3. To grow or spreadin a disorderly or planless fashion. spill norut A zuddeninvoluntary drop to the ground. spin noun Infornwl. A trip in a motor vehicle. spin oerb 1. To rotate rapidly: sryn the top; car uheels spinning on the ice. 2. To have the sensationof turning in circles: left the taoem aith hi^shead spirming. spin out oerb To make or becomelonger. spindf ing adiectioe Tall, thin, and awkwardly built. spindfy adiecthse Tall, thin, and awkwardly built. spin-off rwu,n Sometri,.rgderived from another. spin out oerb spiny ad,iectioe l. Full of sharp,needlelikeprotuberances. 2. So replete with interlocking points and complicationsas to be painfully irritating. spiral oerb To move or proceed on a repeatedly curving course. spirit noun f . Jh" vital principle or animatingforce within lirritrg beings:utd,erstoodlife a.smatter infitsed utith spiit.

2. The essentialbeing of a person,regardedas immaterial and immortal. 3. A supernaturalbeing.

spirited RACY.

culrrrnn oerb.

L. rx-t- oerb. 2. srrRAy. 3. spnewr..

F/lLL twun. DR

nou,ft.

l. Syns; gnate, pirouette, swirl, hrirl, whirl. 2. Syns: reel, swim, swirl, whirl.

LENGTHEN. GANGLING. GANGLING. DERIVATIVE

NOUN.

sEESpin. 1. rnonrvy. 2. rnonxy.

WII.rnP. 1. Syns: anim4 animus, atrnan (Hinduisln), pneuma, psyche, soul, -Idioms breath (or essence) of "itality. life, divine spark, 6lan vital, life force, vital force. 2. sour,.

3. cnosr nuun. 4. A prevailing quality, as of thouglrt, behavior, or attitude. 4. rnrvrpnn rwulr. 5. A lively, emphatic, eager quallty or manner: She 5. Syns; animation, bounce, brio, dash, plnyed the piece uith spirit. The chil.dren had been 6lan, esprit, ginger (Infomnl), lrte, drained of spirit by their Wressioe gnrdian. liveliness, oomph (Slnrry), pep (Infornwl), verye, vigor, vim, vivacity, zip (Infornwl). 6. The qualityof mind enabling one to face danger or 6. counecn. hardship resolutely. 7. The most central and material part. 7. nsARr. spirit oerb To bring in or take out secretly. spirit away oerb To seize and detain (a person) unlawfully.

spirit away oerb spirited adiecih:e l. Full of or characterizedby a lively, emphaUc,eager q"{tty, The mil'd disagreemmtgrerninto a spUfted debate.

Xf"H,,,,.

1. Syns: fiery, higtr-spirited,mettlesome, peppery, snapiy Qnfomral), vibrant.

spiritless 2. Yery brisk, alert, and hig[r-spirited. spiritf ess adiectioe 1. Lacking liveliness,charm,or surprise. 2. Lacking eners/ and vitality. 3. In low spirits. spirits ,nu" A temporary state of mind or feeling. spiritual adiectioe 1. Of or concernedwith the spirit rather than the body or materialthings: lnokedto mtrcb and,literaturefor spiritwl rnurishment. 2. Having no body, form, or substance. 3. Of or relating to a church or to an established religion: the medieoalpopes'temporaland spirifinl pouef. spirituous adiectioe Containingalcohol. spirt rwun b oerb spite noun l. A desireto harm othersor to seeotherssuffer. 2.\\e quality or condition of being vindictive. 'adiectioe spiteful 1. Characterizedby intenseill will or spite. 2. Disposedto seekrevenge. spitefulhess rwun l. A desireto harm othersor to seeotherssuffer. 2. The quality or condition of being vindictive. sp fa sh i er b' 1. To hurl or scatterliquid upon: splashedthe counter u:ith soup as he lndlnd it out; dooe into the pool without splnshing. 2. To flow or move with a low, slappingsound. splashy ad,iectioe Marked by outward, often extravagantduplay. spfatter oerb 1. To hurl or scatterliquid upon. 2. To mark or soil with spots. spleen noun A tendencyto becomeangry or irritable. spfendid adiectioe 1. Marked by magnificentlylavishceremonyand display. 2. Exceptionallygood of its kind. 3. Particularlyexcellent. splendor *;^ ts*gthi"g meriting the highestpraiseor regard. spfendoroUSor splendrous ad,iectiw Marked by extraordinaryelegance,beauty, and qplendor. splendrous adiecth:e spfinter oerb l. To crack or split into two or more fragmentsby meansof or as a result of force, a blow, or strain. 2. To break away or withdraw from membershipin an association or federation. spf it rwun l. A usu. narrow pattial openingcausedby rplrtti"g and rupture. 2. The result of cutting. 3. The condition of being divided, as in opinion. split oerb 1. To undergo partial breaking.

2. twnr-v. l. nur-r-adiectioe. 2. r-excuro. 3. nnpnnssro. MOOD.

l. Syns: numinous, otherworldly, unworldly. 2. runerpnrer,. 3. Syns; ecclesiastical, church, churchly, religious.

HARDadiectiae. srr spurt.

t. 2. 1. 2. VINDICTIVE. 1. 2. vrxorcuvENEss. l. Syns: bespatter, dash, slop, slosh, spatter, splatter, swash. 2. wasrr. SHOWY.

l. spr-esn. 2, spor oerb. TEMPER TWUN.

2. nxcrr.r,rvr. 3. uenvur,ous. GLORY TWUN, GLORTOUS.

srn splendorous. L. s;F(naK Derb. 2. sscBop.

1, cnecx twtrn. 2. cvr nuun. 3. orvrsroN. l. crucx oerb.

sponsor

883 2. To separate into parts with or as if with a sharpedged instmment. 3. Tibecome or cause to become apart one from another. 4. Stang. To move or proceed away from a place' 5. To t6rminate a relationship or association by or as if by leaving one another. 6. Slang. To leave hastilY. 7.To b"reak away or withdraw from membership in an association or federaUon. 8. To separate or pull apart by force. twlrn split.up The act or an instance of separating one thing from another.

2. cvr wrb. 3. prvlor. 4. co oerb. 5. srpenern oerb. 6. nuN oerb. 7. sncron. 8. rBenr. DIVIStON.

splotch nuun

A discoloredmark madeby smearing. splotch perb To mark or soil with sPots. splurEly ad,iectiae Uartcedby outward, often extravagantdisplay. splutter oerb To make a seriesof short, sharp noises. spoil tserb 1. To harm irreparably througlr inept handling; make a messof. 2. To becomeor causeto becomerotten or unsound' 3. Obs.To rob of goodsby force, esp.in time of war' 4. Ob* To destroy completely while conqueringor occuPYing. 5. To treat with indulgenceand often overtender care' spoilage rwun The condiUonof being decaYed. spoifed adiectioe Impaired becauseof decaY. spoils nou,n 1. Goodsor property seizedunlawfully, esp.by a victor in wartime. 2. The political appointrnentsor jobs that are at the disposalof thosein power. Spoken adiectioe 1. Producedby the voice. 2. Expressedor trarsmitted in speech. spokes-man rwurl A person who spealaon behalf of another or others. spokesperson nou.n A person who speakson behalf of another or others. Spokeswoman noun A personwho speakson behalf of anotheror others. spoliate oerb 1. To destroy completely while conquering or occuPYing. 2. To rob of goodsby force, esP.in time of war. rtoun SpOnge 1. One who dependson another for support without reciprocating. 2. Slaig. A perion who is habihrally drunk. Sponry ad,iectioe Yielding easilyto pressureor weiglrt; not firm. SPOnSOf twun l. One who aszumesfinancial responsibilityfor another: spoltsor fl"d'gllrryh$ircssnen. becanwa.genorou^s "f

SMEAR |WUN.

spor oerb. sHowY. CRACKLE. l.

r,orcu. oerb,

2. onctr oerb. 3. secx2. 4. onvesrerB. 5. r,tBv oerb. DECAY floUn. BAD. 1. pr-uNDsn noun. 2. pernoNecn.

l. vocer,.

2. oner-. SPEAKER. SPEAKER. SPEAKER.

1. psvesrA.rE. 2. secxz. 1. penesrrs. 2. pnuNrenn. SOFT.

1. Syns; angel,backer, guaxantor, guaranty,surety, trnderwriter.

884

sponsorship 2. A person who supportsor championsan activity, institution, etc. sponsor oerb To act as a patron to. sponsorship- rmtn Aid or support grven by a patron. spontaneity noun Freedomfrom constraint,embarrassment, or awkwardness. Spontaneous ad;iecthse l. Acting or happeningwithout apparent forethought, prompting, or planning: The hao sddenly ernbraned in a spontaneuwgestureof ffiction. 2. Done by one'sown choice. SpOOk ,rot;" l. A supernaturalb"ing. 2. lnfomwl. A personwho secretlyobservesothersto obtain information. spook wrb Slang.To write for and credit authorshipto another. SpOOf twun Evidence of passageleft along a coursefollowed by a hunted animal or fugitive. sporadic ad,iecthse l. Happeningor appearingnow and then. 2. Rarely occurring or appearing. SpOfe rwu,n A propagativepart of a plant. SpOrt twun l. Activity engagedin for rela:rationand amusement. 2. Actionstaken as a joke. sport oerb l. To occupyoneselfwith amusementor diversion. 2. To mal<ea public and usu. ostentatiousshow of. sporting adiectArc 1. Accordingto the rules. 2. Infornnl. Neither favorablenor unfavorable. Sportiveness rroun Annoying yet harmless,usu. playful acts. sportsmanlike adiecthn According to the nrles: o sportffiianlikefight; sportsnwnlib pbV. Spot noun 1. A particular position in a designatedorder of importance. 2. A particular portion of spacechosenfor something. 3. A mark of discredit or disgace. a. Chiefly Brit. L tiny amount. 5. Infomwl. A difficul! embarrassingsituation. 6. A very smallmark. 7. A post of employment. spot oerb 1. To mark or soil with spots: The blood d,rippedfrom her finger and spotted her dress. 2. To perceive,esp.barely or fleetingly. 3. To perceiveand fix the identity of. 4. To look for and discover. spot adiectioe Having no particular pattern, purpose,organization,or struchre.

2. plrnoN.

PATRONIZE.

PATNONAGE.

EASE IWITN.

1. Syns; automatic, impulsive, instinctive, reflex, unpremeditated. 2. vor,uxrenx adiectitse. l. cnosr naun. 2. spy rroun.

crtost oerb. TRAIL

TWUN,

1. rrvrrnurrrENT. 2. uvrnnqunvr. SE'E'D TWUN.

1. pr-ey nau,n. 2. pr-ev rwun, l. prty oerb. 2. ospt ty oerb. 1. sponrsuervr-rxn. 2. rem adiectioe. MISCHIEF.

Syns; clean, fair, sporting.

1. pr.ecn nuun. 2. porr.ITrroun. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7,

srerN rwatn. srrl. pnnorceurvr. porwr nou.n, posrnoN rwun.

l. Syns.' bespatter, blotch, spatter, splatter, splotch. 2. cxrcn oerb. 3. prscnnu. 4. rtNo oerb. RANDOM.

sprig

885 spotless adiectioe Freefrom dirt, stain,or impurities. spotty ad,ieaioe or regularityin qualityor Lackingconsistency performance. SpouSal adiectioe Of, relating to, or tlpical of marriage. gpousal rw.tn The act or ceremonyby which two people become husbandand wife. SpOUSe rwun A husbandor wife: hnpbyees may brirytheir spouses to the cotnpanVChristrrtospmV. spouseless adiectioe Without a spouse. sprain oerb To injure (a bodily part) by twisting. Spfat twun An insignificantbut arrogant and obnoxiousyoung person. Sp-rawl oarb 1. To sit or lie with the limbs qpreadout awkwardly: staggeredhonw erlraustedard spraubd on the cotrch, 2. Ta grow or spreadin a disordetly ot planless fashionthandutritilngthat sprawl,edaaosstlrc page; a c,tuod spranling out of the stadium. 3. To come to the ground zuddenlyand involuntarily. sprawl rwun A zuddeninvoluntary drop to the ground. Spread oerb 1. To extend over a wide axea:a poismow gastlwt spreadsquickly. 2. To move or anangeso asto cover a larger area: spreadthe blaril<eton the gus; a bird spreadingits wingsfor flight. 3. To causeto becomewidely known: sryeadtlw toettss.

4. To become known far and wide. 5. To arrangetableware upon (a table) in preparation for a meal. 6. To cause(a disease)to passto another or others. spread over oerb To extend over the surfaceof. spread twnn 1. The act of increasingin dimensiotts,scope,or inclusiveness. 2. A wide and open area, as of land, sky, or water. 3. A large meal elaboratelyprepared or served. spread-eagle oerb To sit or lie with the limbs qpreadout awkwardly. spread over oerb Spfee raoun A period of uncontrolled self-indulgence. spree oeft To behaveriotously. Sprig twun A young stemlikegowth arisitg from a plant.

cLEAN adiectioe. I'NEVEN.

MARTTAL. WEDDING.

Syns; consort, mate, partner. -liliom better half. srNGtEdiecthn. ruw oerb. SQUTRTftaun,

1. Syns; drape,loll, spreaderb To combine and adapt in order to attain a particular effect. synthetic adiectioe l. Made by human beings, not nature. 2. Made to imitate something else. 3. Marked by unnaturalness, pretension, and often a slavish love of fads. System nou,n l. An organized array of individual elements and parts forming and working as a unit: The unioerse is a co$nic systern. 2. Systematic iurangement and design. 3. The manner in which something is done. 4. A usu. large entity composed of interconnected parts.

systematic alsosystematical ad;iecthse l. furanged or proceedingin a set, systematized pattern. 2. Showingcharacteristicsadvantageousto or of use in business. systematize oerb l. To put into a deliberateorder. 2. To:rrrangein an orderly manner.

tab rrnun l. A preciselist of feesor charges. 2. An amount paid or to be paid for a purchase. 3. A noting of items one by one. tab(s) rwun The act of observing,often for an extendedtime. tabby rwun A personhabitually engagedin idle talk about others. table rwtm An orderly, columnar display of data: a tabb of census figtnn. table oerb To put off unUl a later time. taboo alsotabu ruxn A refusal to allow.

COOPERATION.

Syns; abridgment, abstrac! brief, condensation, epitome. nnvtnw oerb. HARMONIZE.

1. ennrrcr,cr-. 2. enrrnrcrer,. 3. pr.esrrc.

L Syns: entity, integral, integrate, sum, totality, whole. 2. urnron. 3. wev rwun. 4. coupr,nx rwun.

l. vnrxoorcer,.

2. 1. ennervcn. 2. urrnoorzn.

1. eccourl.r noun. 2. cosr naun. 3. courqr nuu,n. WATCHf10u,n, GOSSIP fwun.

Syns; chart, tabulation.

onFnnr. FORBIDDANCE.

tactless

931 taboo alsotabu adiecthse Not allowed. tabu nou,n,adiectiae tabulation rwun An orderly, columnar display of data. tacit adiecthse l. Conveyedindirectly without words or speech. 2. Not voiced or expressed. taciturn adtiecthse Not speakingf.eely or openly: a tacitum Yankee farmer.

FORBIDDEN.

snr taboo. TABLE

|IOU,N.

l. rupr,rcrr. 2. srr-nNr. Syns:closer,close-mouthed,reserved, reticent, silent, tight-lipped, uncommunicaUve.

taciturnity rrrun, RESERVE ftolfit. The keepingof one'sthoughtsand emotionsto oneself. tack nmrn 1. eppnoecr rroun. l. A methodusedin dealingwith something. 2. runN twun. 2. At often zuddenchangeor departure, as in a trend. tackle rw.tn OUTFIT. Things neededfor a task,journey, or other purPose. tackle oerb 1. essuur. 1. To take upon oneself. 2. rrrl,.cr oerb, 2. To start work on vigorously. tackyr a.diectioe STICKY. Having the property of adhering. tacky2 adiecthse 1. Syns; inelegant,tasteless,unbecoming. 1. Lacking style and good taste: tacky belwoior. 2. snessv. 2.lnfonnal. Showingsignsof wear and tear or neglect. 3. Syns; dowdy, frumpish, out-of-date. 3. Quite oubnoded:tacky old,clnthesfrorn the 7950's. 4. ceuov. 4. Tastelesly showy. 5. snonov. 5. Infomwl. Of decidedly inferior quality. tact rwrrn Syns:address,diplomacy,savoir-faire The ability to say and do the right thing at the right tirnezTact is rwededin ilnalingurith high-strungpeople. (Frerrch),tac$ulness. tactful adiectioe DELICATE. Showingsensitivityand skill in dealing with others. tactfulness nou,n TACT. The ability to say and do the riglrt thing at the riglrt time. noun tacticl 1. Syn.. maneuver. 1. A method of deploying troops and equipment in combat: used the ta.cticof encirclenvrtt to ctft off the erwmg. 2. rrlovn rwurl. 2, An action calculated to achievean end. tactic2 ad,iectiw TACTTLE. Of, pertaining to, or a.ising from the senseof touch. tactical adiectioe Syn; short-range. Designedor implemented so as to gain a limited, temporary advantage:took tactical rather tlwn strategic to settle the uisis. fiwa^sures tactife adiecthse 1. Syns; tactc2, tachral. 1. Of, pertaining to, or arisingfrom the senseof touch: a toctile refex. 2. reNcrsln. 2. Discernibleby touch. tactility rwun 1. roucn rwun. l. The faculty or ability to perceive tactile stimulaUon. 2. reNcrsu.rrr. 2. "t\e quatlty or condition of being discernible by touch. tactless ad,iectiae Syns.' brash, clumsy, impolitic, indelicate, Lacking sensitivityand skill in dealing with others: took maladroit, undiplomatic, unpolitic, a tactbss apprmch in the intercieu; tactlessrenwrlcs urtactfiul. madc by a heaoy-handnduitic.

932

tactual tactual ad,iectioe Of, pertaining to, or arising from the sense of touch. tag oerb 1. To describe with a word or term. 2. To follow closely or persistently. 3. To set off by or as if by a mark indicating ownership or manufacture. 4. To attach a ticket to. tag noun l. Slnng. The word or words by which one is called and identified. 2. An identifying or descriptive slip. rwun tag end The hindmost part of something. tagrag adiectioe pJrowing signs of wear and tear or neglect. taif rurun 1. The hindmost part of something: mnrched at the tail of the platoon. 2. Infonrnl. An agent assigned to observe and report on anotler: Cutnterintelligmce assigned a tail to the wspected spy. 3. Something that follows or is drawn along behind. tail oerb Infomwl. To keep (another) under surveillance by moving along behind. tail off wrb To grow or cause to gow gradually less.

TACTILE.

L. cu.r oerb. 2. ooc oerb. 3. u.t'nx oerb. 4. rrcr,n'r oerb. 1. rgeun nou,n. 2. rrcxrr

rwun.

TATL TIOUN. SHABBY.

1. Syns; end, rearr, tag end, tail end. 2. Syns: shadow, watcher.

3. rnerr.I noun. FOLLO\M.

orcnpesn t-lerb.

tailor oerb To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use,

taifor-made adiectioe l. Suitedto one'sendor purpose. 2. Made according to the specifications of the buyer.

taifor-make oerb To make or become suitable to a particular situation or use. taint oerb l. To make morally impure: a Voung child,'s morals tainted by delinquents. 2. To cast aspersionson. taint noun A mark of discredit or disgrace.

ADAPT.

l. corwBNrrvr. 2. cusrou ad;iectine. ADAPT.

l. Syns; contaminate, corrupt, defile, infect, pollute, soil. 2. nr.ecxnN. STAIN ftoun.

taintlessness ntntn The condition of being clean and free of contaminants.

PURITY.

take wrb 1. To go_aboard(a meansof transport):took the six 1. Syns; board, catch. o'clocktrain. 2. To obtain possession or control of. 2. cer:unn. 3. To gain possession of, eqp.after a struggleor chase: 3. Syns; bag (Slang), capture, catch, get, took the thief after a high-speedpursuii. nail (Slnng), netr, secure. 4. To lay claim-to-foroneilf o, as ore's right. 4. essuun. 5. To becomeaffected with a disease. 5. covrnecr. 6. To come upon, eqp.suddenlyor unexpectedly:Ihe 6. Syns; catch, hit on (ar upon), attaclcerstook the eneffLyby wyise rurprise. 7. To have a zudden,ovenvhelmingeffect on. 7. snrzn oerb. 8. To direct or impel to oneselfby somequality oriaction. 8. errnecr. 9. To causeto passfrom the mouth into the stomach. 9. swlJ,,tow oerb. 10. To allow admittance,as to a group. 10. eccrpr. 11. To engagein sexualrelations wi+h:Abralwn took 11. $yns; bed, copulate (with), couple his slanegirl.

take back

933

presence,or L2. To admit to one'spossession, awareness. 13. To have as a need or prerequisite. 14. To obtain from another source. 15. To put up with. 16. To perceive and recognizethe meaningof. 17. To understandin a particular way. 18. To eauseto come *l*g with oneself. 19. To take away (a quantity) from another quantity. 20. To get money or somethingelse from by deceitful trickery. 21. To react in a qpecifiedway. take after oerb To be similar to, as in appearance. take away oerb To move (something)from a position occupied. take back oerb 1. To send,put, or carry back to a former location. 2. To disavow (somethingpreviously written or said) irrevocably and usu. formally. 3. To occupyor take again. take down oerb 1. To causeto descend. 2. To take (someftind apart: take doum a Christnras tree; tnleedwn a rifle and,cban it. take on wrb l. To obtain the use or servicesof. 2. To go about the initid step in doing (something). 3.Infomal. To enter into confict with. 4. To take, as another'side4 and make one'sown. 5. To worry over uifles. 6. To take upon oneself. take out oerb l. To move (something)from a positionoccupied. 2. Infonnal. To be together socidly on a regular basis. take over oerb l. To seizeand move into bY force. 2. To free from a qpecificduty by acting as a substitute. 3. To take upon oneself. take to oerb To find agreeable. take up oerb 1. To move (something)to a higlrer position. 2.To go about the inifral stePin doing (something). 3. To go on after an intemrption. 4. To be occupied or concerned. 5. To receive (something$ven or offered) willingly and gladly. 6. To take upon oneself. take n(nn l. Slang.The amount of money collected as admission, esp. to a sporting event: Today'stalceanwmts to 870,0n. 2. Slffig. An effort to do or make something. take after oerb take away onb take back oerb

with, have, mate (with), sleep with. -Iilbms go to bed with, make love to (or *ith), take to bed. 12. nncrnm. 13. pnrrraxo oerb. 14. onnrvr. 15. sNDuRE. 16. uxornsrAND. 17. rNrsnpREt. 18. gnnrc. 19. onnucr. 2O. cnnrl oerb. 21. ruNcnox. revon oarb. nnlaovr' oerb, l. nnrunr,v oerb. 2. nrrnect. 3. nnsuun. 1. r-owune. 2. Syns: disassemble,dismantle, dismember, dismount. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

nvrry-,ovoerb. srrnt oerb, nNcecp. eoopr. pvss oerb. essuun.

1. nsMovE oerb. 2. snn. 1. occupv. 2. npr,rprm. 3. essuvr. LINET.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

nr.rverr. srrnr oerb. cournn:n. on* wfu. eccsPT.

6. essurvrs. 1. Syns; gate, gate money. -Idiomsboxoffice receipts, gate receipts. 2. errnupt spp take. spp take. spn take.

tww.

934

take down take down oerb take-in noun take in oerb l. 2. 3. 4.

To allow admittance, as to a group. To have as an integral part. To perceive and recognize the meaning of. To cause to accept what is false, esp. by trickery or misrepresentation. take-in rwun An action meant to deceive. takeoff rwun

take off oerb 1. To riseup in flight Theiet tookoff with a roar. 2. 3. 4. 5.

To take from one's own person. To move (something) from a posiUon occupied. To take away (a quantity) from another quantity. Infornwl. To copy (the manner or expression of another), esp. in an exaggerated or mocking way. 6. Slang. To move or proceed away from a place. 7. Slang. To leave hastily. takeoff nuun 1. The act of rising in fliglrt: The plane cvashed ihning takeof. 2. A usu. amusing caricature of another: did, a takeoff on the Presid.ent.

take on wrb take out oerb take over oerb take to oerb take up oerb taking adiectioe 1. Pleasing to the eyeor mind. 2. Capableof transmission by infection. tale nDnn

1. An entertaining and often oral account of a real or fictitious occurrence. 2. An untrue declaration. tale oerb To note (items) one by one so as to get a total.

srn take. sEEtake in. 1. eccnpt. 2. corvrerN.

3. urornsrexo. 4. nrcnrvr.

DECEPTION.

sBBtakeoff. L. Syn:lift (o0. 2. 3. 4. 5.

nnuovn oerb. nnMow oarb. prpucr. rurrlrn.

6. co oerb. 7. nvN oerb. L. $yn: liftoff. 2. Syns: imitation, parody. snn take. srr take. snr take. snB take. srr take. 1. etrnecrrvn. 2. corutvruNrcABr.E. l. vanw. 2. rtnz rwun. couNr oerb.

talebearef rwun Aperson habituallyengagedin idle talk about others. talebearing adiecthse Inclined to gossip. talent mti An innate capability: a tabnt for nunic; a tabnt for mathmntics. talented adiectine Having talent. taletef fing a.diectioe Inclined to gossip. ' taf isman ,-t A small object worn or kept for its supposedmagical POwer. talk oerb l. To articulate(something)in words: talk treason. 2. To expressoneselfin speech. 3. To direct speechto. 4. To engagein spokenexchange. 5. To meet and exchangeviews to reach a decision.

GOSSIP nOUn. GOSSIPY.

Syns: aptitude, aptness, bent, faculty, fair, genius, gift, head, inclination, instinct, knack, turn. GIFTED. GOSSIPY. CHANM

TWUN.

1. Syns; speak, utterl, verbalize. -Idiom put into words. 2. spnex. 3. eponnss oarb. 4. cowvsnsnr oerb. 5. corwnn.

tame

935 6. To engagein or spreadgossrp. 7. To give incriminating information about others, eqp. to the authoriUes. talk back oerb To utter an impertinent rejoinder: talked back ushen his parentsrefusedhim the car. talk down oerb 1. To think, represent,or speakof as small or unimportant. 2. To treat in a zuperciliouslyindulgent manner. talk into oerb To succeedin causing(a person)to act in a certain way. talk over oerb To speaktogether and exchangeideas and opinions about. talk up oerb 1. To make lanownvigorouslythe positive feahnes of (a product). 2. To utter an impertinentrejoinder. talk twun 1, Spokenexchange. 2. The faculty, ac! or product of speaking. 3. A usu.formal oral communicationto an audience. 4. The act or processof dealingwith anotherto reach an agreement:the Amerim.n-NorthVbtrwnese peace tnlks. talkative adiectine Given to conversationia oery talleatioeperson. tafk back oerb talk down oerb talker twtn 1. One glven to conversation. 2. One who deliversa public qpeech. talk into oerb talk over oerb tafk up oerb tafky adiectioe Given to conversation. tall adiectioe 1. Extendingto a geat heiglrt: tall mountnins. 2. Having a rather great upward projection. 3. Not easyto do, achieve,or master. talfy oerb 1. To be compatibleor in correspondence. 2. To combine(fig,rr"r)to form a sum. 3. To note (items)one by one so as to get a total. 4. To gain (a point or points) in a game or contest. tally rww 1. A noting of items one by one. 2. T\e total number of points made by a contestantl side,or team in a gameor contest. taffying rwun The act or state of ageeing or conforming. tame adiecthse 1. Trained or bred to live with and be of useto man. 2. Easilymanagedor handled. tame oerb l. To train to live with and be of use to man.

6. cossrp oerb. 7. nvronu.

Syns: sass(Infornwl), sauce (Infonnal), talk up. -Idiom give someone some lip. 1. spr-rrrln. 2. coxorscrxo. PERSUADE.

Drscuss. 1. eovsnrrsr. 2, rer-x BAcK. 1. 2. 3. 4.

coxwnsATroN. spsrcH. sppBcn. Syns: negotiation, parley.

Syns: chatty, conversational, free-qpoken, gabby, garrulous, loquacious, multiloquent, talky. sBr talk. sBn talk. l. co*vensATloNALrsr. 2. sprexnn. snn talk. snn talk. srs talk. TALKATIVE.

1. Syns; elevated,hig[r, lofty, soaring, towering. 2. nrcn adieaioe. 3. orrrrcur.r. l. ecnnB. 2. eoo. 3. couNr oerb. 4. sconn oerb. 1. couvr nuun. 2. sconn rwnLn,

AGREEMENT.

1. poursrrc. 2. cenrr-r ad,iectioe. 1. pounsrrcATE.

tamper 2.To make (an animal) docile. 3. To make or becomeless severe or extreme.

tamper wrb l. To handle somethingidly, ignorantly, or destructively: bnuotoe tamperedu)ith the TV set ad spoiled tlw recqtion. 2. To_pre{urangethe outcome of (a contest)unlawfully. tangent rw,nl An instanceof digressing. tangential adieailw M*!pd by or given to digession. tangibility noun Th" q*lity_or condition of being discernible by touch: T'henryfu;lity of tlre reu:atd eroited then. tangible dieatoe l. Discernible by touch: tangfulc obiects. 2. Having achral reality. 3. Compsed of or relating to things that occupy space and can be 'r-',on perceived by the senses. tangibleness t llhe quality or condition of being discernible by touch. tangle noun 1. Somethingthat is intricately and often bewilderingly complex: a tang;lcof interlmWtq corpotatiorc; a tonglc of freeunys; a marital tangb. 2. InforrruL A discussion"often heated,in which a difference of opinion is expressed. tangle oerb l. To twist together so that separationis difficult. 2. To make complex, intricate, or pelplexing. 3. Io gain control of or an advantagebver5y or as if bytrapping. tangfed adiecthn Dficult to understanddue to intricacy. tank up Mb llyg.To take alcoholicliquor, esp.excesively or habihnlly. tantalize oerb T9 gxgite (another)by exposingsomethingdesirable while keepingit out of reach:wtallaeil ihe dagu>lth ruu: meat. tantafizing adieatw Enticingly h Sgttq yet often out of reach: had,a tantalizfngoisilmof on oasis. tantamount adieaitn Ageeing exactly in value, quantity, or efiect. rw,tn tantrum Atr angy outburst. taPt oerb 1. To make a noiseby strikingztapped at tlle door and called luerrurrw. 2. Slary. To selectfor an ofrce or position. tap rwttn An audible blow: lwatd the top of a percil on tfu ileslith uond,er. 2. One that evokes geat surprise and admiration. 3. An event inexplicable by the laws of nature. 4. A lack of conviction or certainty. wonder oerb To have a feeling of great awe and rapt admiration: wondered at the beauty an^dmgineering excellence of the Creat Pyramid.

FEMININITY.

FEMININE.

FEMININITY.

FEMININITY.

1. Syns: admiration (Archaic), amaze (Archaic), amazement, awe, dread, marveling, wonderment. 2. uenvn naun. 3. nrnacr,n. 4. oousr noun. Syn.'marvel.

wording

1061 wonderful a.diectit:e asto elicit disbelief. l. Soremarkable 2. Particularlyexcellent. wonderment rrcntn

1. re,sur,ous. 2. laenwr,ous.

1. rvnnvnr,. 1. One that evokesgreat surpriseand admiration. 2. woNosn rwtn. 2. "I\e emotion arousedby somethingawe-inspiringor astounding. wondrous adiectioe FABULOUS. So remarkableas to elicit disbelief. wont adiectiae accusroMED to at accustomed. In the habit of. wont oefu ACCUSTOM. To make familiar thto"gh constantpractice or use. wont rr{ntn cttsToM fvnm. A habihnl way of behaving. woo oerb covnr oerb, To attempt to gain the affection of. wooden adiectioe l. our.r. adiectioe. or alertness. l. Lacking responsiveness 2. srrrr ad,ieaioe. 2. So tigdly constrained,formal, or awkward as to lack all grace and qpontaneity. woofgathering adiecthn DREAMY. Given to daydreamsor reverie. woolly ad,iectiae HAIRY. Coveredwith hair. wooziness rwun, DIZZTNESS. A sensationof whirling or falling. woory adiectbe Drazv od,iecthn. Having a sensationof whirling or falling. word naun 1. Syns; comment, remark, statement 1. Somethingsaid: May I say a wod abutt that? utterance. Remember:rwt a u:ord ahutt this to atryone! 2. rnnu noun, 2. A soundor combinationof soundsthat symbolizes and communicatesa meaning. 3. coIlrtvturclcaflox. 3. Somethingcommunicated,as information. 4. Syns: assurance, guarantee, warrant. 4. A statementthat expressesa commitrnent on the -lilimw solemn word, word of honor. part of its maker as to its truthftrlnessor to the fulfillment of its conditionszgaaemg uord tlwt I had not reoeal'edhis idermtY. fwntn. 5. corr,flvrer,ro 5. An authoritative indication to be obeyed. 6. News. 6. New information, eqp.about recent eventsand happenings. 7. Id[e, often sensationaland groundlesstalk about others. 7. cossrp rwt n. word oerb ptg.lsa Detb. To convey in languageor words of a particular form. wordage rwun \IyORDING. Choice of words and the way in which they are used. wordbook ruxtn An alphabeticallist of words often defined or translated. VOCABULARY. word-for-word adiecthn LTTERAL. Employing the very samewords as another. word-hoard rcnnr All the words of a language. wordiness twun Syns:prolixity, prolixness,verbosenesg Words or the use of words in excessof those needed verbosity,windiness. for clarity or precision: lnstead,of gettitls to tlw point, he obsaned his meaninguith unrdircss. wording tww Syns; diction, parlance,phrase, Choice of words and the way in which they are used: phraseolory,phrasing verbalism, complexwordirq in a contract. wordage.

wordless wordfess adiecthn 1. Conveyedindirectly without words or speech. 2. Temporarily unable or unwilling to speak,as from shockor fear. 3. Not voiced or expressed. word-of-mouth a.diecth:e Expressedor transmittedin speech. WOfOS rroun A discussion,often heated,in which a differenceof opinion is expressed. 'tw.tn woid-stock All the words of a language. wordy ad;iec'tioe l. Using or containing an excessivenumber of words: a lwlting uordy apology tlwt nnde eDeryone hnrytient. 2. Pertaining to, consisting of, or having the nature of words. WOfk rwun l. The_techniq re, dyle, and quality of working: ddd ercellent rmrk on thc uatch; the exquisite iork of Faberyd. 2. Phpical exertion that is usu. difficult and exhausting. 3. Activity purzued as a livelihood. 4. Something that is the result of creative efiort. 5. An iszue of printed material offered for sale or distribution. work oerb l. To force to work: The owrseer unrked the slntses urmercifully. 2. To exert one's mental or physical powers, usu. under difficulty and to the poinlof exhaustion. 3. To function effectively: The car daem't uork hatf the tfuw. 4. To react in a specified way. 5. To introduce gradually and slyly. 6. To control or direct the functioning of. 7. To handle in a w-ay so as to mix, form, and shape: worked the dough into a ball. 8. To arrive at an-answer to (a mathematical problem): worked two WbLenw. 9. To prepare (soil) for the planting and raising of croPs. work out oerb 1. To arrive at an answer to (a mathematical problem). 2. To plan the details or arrangements of. 3. To turn out well. 4. To subject to forms of exertion in order to train, strengthen, or condition. work up oerb To stir to action or feeling. Yvorkable adiecthse l. Capable of being shaped, bent, or drawn out, as by hammering or pressure. 2.- Capable of occurring or being done. workaday adiectitse Of or suitable for ordinary days or routine occasions. workday adiectiae Of or suitable for ordinary days or routine occasions. worked up odiectioe Feeling a very strong emotion.

ro62 1. rupr,rcrr. 2. sprrcHr-rss. 3. su,rxr. ORAL. ARGUMENT.

VOCABULARY.

l. Syns; diffuse, longwinded, periphrastic, pleonastic, prolix, verbose. 2. vpnner-.

l. Syns; craftsmanship, workmanship.

2. 3. 4. 5.

leron nuun. nusrxnss. couposrrroN. pusr-rcerroN.

1. Syns; drive, labor, task, tax. -Idiom crack the whip. 2. rrnon oerb. 3. Syns; function, go, operate, run. 4. 5. 5. 7.

rur*cnox. rNsrrfliers. opnnern. Syns: knead, manipulate.

8. Syns; fiSrc out. 9. rtrr oerb.

l. 2. 3. 4.

out (Informal), solve, work

wom aerb. ennancn aerb. succpru. rxrncrsn oerb.

PROVOKE.

l. varr,renr,B. 2. possrsr-e. EVERYDAY.

EVERYDAY.

THRILLED.

1063 wOrker noun 1. One who labors. 2. One who is employedby another. workhand rmun One who labors. IvOrking rwrrrr The way in which a machineor other thing performs or functions. working adiecthse 1, In action or full operation. 2. Having a job. workingman rwun One who labors. workfess adiecthse Out of work: uorklesscoal miners. wo rkman r r c r un One who labors. workmanship nDun The technique,style, and quality of working. work out tserb wOrks rww A building or complex in which an industry is located: the Krupp worlcs. work up oerb world twttn 1. The celestialbody where humanslive. 2. T?retotdity of all existingthings. 3. The humanrace. 4. A sphereof activity, sfudy, or interest. 5. The totality of surroundingconditionsand circumstancesaffectinggrowth or development. 6. A great deal. worfdly ailiectioe 1. Pertainingto or characteristicof the earth or of human life on earth. 2. Of or preoccupiedwith materialrather than spiritual or intellectualthings. 3. Not religious in subject matter, form, or use. 4. Experiencedin the waysof the world; lacking natural simplicity. worldly-wise adiectioe Experienced in the ways of the world; lacking natural simpliciW. worfdwid6 adiecthse So pervasive and all-inclusive as to exist in or affect the whole world.

world-without-end adiecthse Enduring for all time. world-without-end twun 1. Endlesslife after death. 2. The quality or state of having no end. WOfm oerb 1. To move alongin a crouchingor prone position. 2, To introducegraduallya"d slyly. 3. To move or proceedwith short,irregular motionsup and down or from sideto side. 4. To make,achieve,or get through contrivanceor guile. WOrn adiectioe 1. Extremelytired. 2. PaIeand exhaustedbecauseof worry, sleeplessness, etc.

1. r.esonnn. 2. nnpr,ovsn. LABORER. BEHAVIOR.

l. ecrrvs. 2. ur,rpr-oyBo. LABONEN.

Syns; jobless, unemployed. LABORER.

woRK noun, sEE WOrk. Syns: mill, plant. sEEWOrk. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

uennr. uNrvsnsr. rraaNruvo. enBe. rNvnowurrr.

6. nrep rwun. 1. renrnr,v. 2. uerpnrer-rsrrc. 3. pnoreNr. 4. sopnrsrrcATED.

SOPHISTICATED.

uNrvERsAr-adiectitse.

ENDLESS.

1. ruuonrAlrry. 2. rrvor-pssNess. L. cntwr oerb. 2. rNsnvuarn. 3. wrccr-n. 4. wexcr.n.

1. rxneusrno. 2. Heccanp.

worn-down worn-down adiectioe Extremelytired. WOrn-OUt adiecthse l. Extremelytired. 2. Without freshnessor appealdue to overuse. worried adiectiae In a stateof uneasiness. WOrry oerb 1. To be troubled: I umry abufi his sanity. 2. To turn over in the mind, moodily and at length. 3. To canseanxiousuneasiness n: ihe patient'shigh fetserwonied the doctors. 4. To dishrb by repeatedattacks. worry fwrrn Arxious concernWoffyilaft rroun lnformal. A prophet of misfortune or disaster. WOfSen oerb To becomelower in quality, character,or condition. WOrsening rvrun Descentto a lower level or condition. worship oerb l. To regardwith great awe and devotion. 2. To feel deep,devotedlove for. worship nout The act of adoring,esp. - reverently. worshipful adiecih:e Feelingor showingreverence. wOrSt wrb l. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competition, 2. To get the better of. wOrth rwun l. A measureof thosequalities that determine merit, desirability, useftrlness,or importance: the btnate uorth of the idioi&nl; a book of linle worth or interest; a Caumsbn rug of greot worth. 2. A geat amountof accumulatedmoneyand precious possessions. 3. A-level of superioritythat is usu.higlr. worthfess adieatoe f . L,ackingall worth and value: worthlzssiunk iewelry; a worthlessocatpation. 2. Having no useful pupose. wonhy ad,iectirx l. Satisfyingthe requirements,asfor selection. 2. Deservingadmiration. 3. Deservinghonor or respect. 4. Of geat value. WOUnd rwrrn Marked tissuedamage,esp.when produced by physical injury. wound oerb 1. To causephysicaldamageto. 2. To infiet physicalor mental i"jury or distresson. WOW rlo.tn Infonnol. L dazdng, often zuddeninstanceof success. fVfaGk noun 1. The state of being destroyed.

EXHAUSTED.

1. BxneusrBo. 2. rnrrr. ANXIOUS.

l. Syns; cark, pother, stew. -Idiomsbite one's nails, play with the worry beads, worry one's head over. 2. snooo. 3. Syns; ail, cark, concern, distress, trouble. 4. emsoy. ANXIETY. PESSIMIST. DETERIORATE. DETERIORATION.

1. eoons. 2. eoonr. ADORATION. REVERENT.

l. onrn.tr oerb. 2. rnrcvrpu oerb. 1. Syns; account, valuation, value.

2. nrcnrs. 3. urnrr noun. 1. Syns; drossy, good-for-nothing, inutile, no-good, nothing (Slaog), valueless. 2. uspr-rss. l. 2. 3. 4.

Blrcrnr,n. eoMrnesr-r. noNonenr.n. ver,uesr-r.

TNAUMA.

l, *runr oerb 2. rneuuerrzr. H,rT twu,n.

1065 2. The remains of something destroyed, disintegated, or decayed. wrack oerb To cause the complete ruin or wreckage of.

wraith rwun A supernaturalbeing. wrangle oerb 1. To quarrel noisily. 2. To engagein a quarrel. wrangle noun often heated,in which a differenceof A discussion, opinion is expressed. wfap oerb 1. To cover and tie (something),as with paper and string: unry a boxfor mailing. 2. To surroundand cover completelyso as to obscure: Foguapped the lorwlg nwur* wrap rw|ilt, 1. A garmentwrappedabout a person:a mink una'p. 2. The materialin which somethingis wrapped. wrapped up adiectioe Having one'sthouglrtsfully occupied. Wrapper rwun The material in which somethingis wrapped: /oil *dV uraryers. wrapplng alsowrapplfl$S noun The material in which somethingis wrapped. wrappings naun WfapS rwun the habit, practice, or policy of keeping secrets. Wrap.Up twun rYrap up oerb 1. To cover completelyand closely,as with clothing or bandages:Infarfis werefomwrly una.ppedry in stripsof lhlen called sunddlhg clathes. 2. To put on warm clothes:They u>rapped ry in furs. 3. To bti"g or come to a naturalor proper end. wrap-up fwun l- A concluding or terminating. 2. \\e last part. 3. A condensatjonof the essentialor main points of something. wrath rroun Violent or unrestrainedanger. wrathful adiectitse Feelingor showinganger. IYrathfulneEs rroun Violent or unrestrainedanger. wreak oerb To causeto undergo or bear, as somethingunwelcome or damaging. wreathe oerb To move or proceedon a repeatedlycurving course. wreck oerb 1. To damage,disable,or destroy (a seacraft):The oiolent stomt in the Irish Seaunecleedthe rachtg yachts. 2. To qpoilor destroy. 3. To causethe complete ruin or wreckageof. 4. To injure or destroy (propuny) maliciously.

2. nuw rwun.

DESTROY. GHOSTnOUn. t. sr.lwr

oerb.

2. encur. ARGUMENT.

1. Syns; do up, package. 2. Syns: cloak, clothe, enfold (a/so infold), enshroud, envelop, enwrap, invest, shroud, veil. 1. Syns; cloak, hap2 (Regiannl), stole. 2. wneppnn. ABSORBED.

Syns:wrap, wrapping (aho wrappings).

\VRAPPER.

sEEwrapping. SECRECY.

sEEWrap up. 1. Syns; enfold (aho infold), enswathe, envelop, enwrap, invest, roll, swaddle, swathe. 2. Syns: bundle ("p), h*f (Regional). 3. crosnr oerb. 1. nnro noun. 2. rr*o twttn. 3. suuvenY twrrn.

FURY. ANGRY. FURY. TNFLICT.

wnvoP. l. Syns; cast away, pile up, shipwreek.

2. riL*sr oerb. 3. onsrnov. 4. rnt snr oerb.

1066

wreckage wreck r70un 1. A wrecking of a vehicle. 2. The state of beittg destroyed. 3. An abrupt, disastrous failure. wreckage ntun 1. The remains of something destroyed, disintegrated, or decayed. 2. An act, instance, or consequence of breaking. 3. The state of being destroyed. wrenGh oerb l. To dter the position of by a sharp, forcible twisting or furning movement: unenched the steering wheel to the right; unenthed the child, frtrn the deep water. 2. To injure (a bodily part) by twisting. 3. To move or cause to move with a sudden, abrupt motion. 4. To obtain by coercion or intimidation. 5. To grve an inaccurate view of by representing falsely or nrisleadittgly. wrench twun l. A sudden pull. 2. A tool with jaws for gripping and twisting: operwd the pipe rDith a big unerrch. wfest oerb l. To obtain by coercion or intimidation. 2. To alter the position of by a sharp, forcible twisting or furning movement.

1. cnesn noun. 2. prsrnucuow. 3. cor.r-epsr.rwun. 1. nurN rwun. 2. nnnexecr. 3. onsrnucrroN. 1. Syns; wrest, wring, wry.

2. runv oerb. 3. pnx oerb. 4. nrronr. 5. orsronr.

1. Junx rwun. 2. Syn: qpanner (Chtefly Brit.).

1..rxronr. 2, wnnwcs oerb.

wrestle oerb 1. To contend with an opponent, esp. by attempting to throw him: heaoyweights unestling in arnateur competition; unestl.ed the skyiacker to the ground. and disamed hhn. 2. To strive in opposition to. wretch noun A person living under very unhappy circumstances. adiectirse wretched l. Suffering from usu. prolonged anguish. 2. Having a painful ailment. 3. So objectionable as to elicit despisal.

l. Syns; grapple, scuffie, tussle. -Idiom go to the mat with.

2, conrrnxo. UNFORTUNATE

|IOUN.

l. Mrsnna-er,r. 2. Narsrnasr-r. 3. nr,rlrv.

wretchedness nuun A state of prolonged anguish and privation.

MISERY.

wriggle oerb To move or proceed with short, irregular motions up and down or from side to side. wring oerb 1. To obtain by coercion or intimidation. 2. To alter the position of by a sharp, forcible twisting or turning movement. wrinkler oerb To make irregular folds in, esp. by pressing or twisting: The ooerlnad.ed umsher uri*lad all the clnth,es. wrinkle nuun l. A line made by the doubling of one part over another. 2. An indentation or seam on the skin, esp. on the face. rruun wrinkle2 Infomwl. A clever, unexpected new trick or method: c strategy with sotw neut wrinkles gtaranteed to increase sales.

\MIGGLE,

1. rxronr. 2. wnrNcn oerb.

Syns: crimp, crimple, crinkle, crumple, rimple, ruckle (Brit.), rumple. 1. ror-n rwun. 2. lrnrp rwun. Syns; angle (Slnng), gimmick (Slang), kick, kicker, twist.

wry

to67 write

oerb

l. To form letters, characters,or words on a surface with an instrument: unote the eEntion' on the blackboardwith chalk; urote a nwssageon the card. 2. To form bv artiSUceffort. 3. To be the author of (a published work or works). write down oerb To becomeor make lessin price or value. write off oerb To put out of one's mind as a lossor failure: unote off the irrcidmt as ah exercisein futility. write down perb write off oerb writhe oerb 1. To twist and turn, asin pain, struggle,or The patient uvrithedin a corutulsion. embarrassment: 2. To move or proceedwith short,irregular motionsup and down or from sideto side. written ad,iectine Of or pertainingto representationby meansof writing. rYrOng ad,iectiae 1. Containingan error or errors. 2. Devoid of truth. 3. Morally objecUonable. 4. Not in accordancewith what is usualor expected. 5. Affiicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness. wrong ad,oerb Not in the right way or on tlle proper course:Onr pla.rwusentusrongat the last mirwte. wrong ftoun l. That which is morally bad or objectionable. 2. A wicked act. 3. An act that is not just. 4. Lack of justice. wrong oerb To do a wrong to; treat unjustly: unongedand iniured thosewho had nsted hlm. wrongdoing noun 1. A wicked act. 2. Improper, often rude behavior. wrongful adiecthse l. Contrary to accepted,esp.moral conventions. 2. Prohibitedby law. 3. Ol involving,or being a crime. Wry ad;iecthse Marked by or displayrngcontemptuousmockery of the motivesor virtues of others. wry oerb To alter the position of by a sharp,forcible twisting or furning movement.

1. Syns; engross, indite, inscribe, scribe. -Idiuln put in writing. 2. couposr. 3. pugr-rsn. DEPRECIATE.

Syn; discount. sEEwrite. sEEWrite. l. Syns; agonize,squirm,toss. 2. wrccr-p.

GRAPHIC.

1. rnnoxnous. 2. rer-sr. 3. rvrr, adiectioe. 4. eurss adiectioe. 5. rNselvs. Syns:afield, amiss,astray,badly, sour Qnfornol). -ldiom off the mark. 1. nvrr.noun. 2. cnurrsrroun. 3. rNlusrrcr. 4. uqusrrcr. Syns; aggrieve,oppress,outrage, persecute. l. cnuur. 2. MrsspHAvron. 1. urvr-ewpur-. 2. rr,r,ncer-. 3. cnrurNer-adiectioe. CYNICAL.

wnsNcH

Derb.

WZ

Xanthippe noun A person,esp.a woman,whohabituallyusesloud,

abusive language. X OUt oerb To remove or invalidate by or as if by running a line through or wiping clean.

yahoO twun An unrefined,rude p€rson. yak nmun Slang.Incessantand usu. inconsequendaltatk. yak oerb Slang.To talk volubly, persistently,and usu. inconsequentially. yank oerb Infornwl. To move or causeto move with a sudden, abrupt motion. yank rwun lnfomwl. A suddenpull. yap oerb To utter a shrill, short cry. yap ftann A shrill, short cry. yafd rwun An areapartially or entirely enclosedby walls or buildings. yardstick rwun A meansby which individualsare comparedand judged. yafn noun Infornwl. An entertainingand often oral accountof a real or fictiUousoccurrence:tol.dthe childrenAaffus about his adnentures. yaup oerb b rwn yaw oerb l. To turn asidesharplyfrom a straightcourse. 2. To lean suddenly,unsteadily,and erraticallyfrom the vertical a,xis. 3. Regional.To open the mouth wide with a deep inward breath,as when tired or bored. yawn oerb 1. To open the mouth wide with a deep inward breath, as when tired or bored: yaumingand,rwd"dingin frorfi of the fire. 2. To open wide: The chasmyaumedat our feet. yawn ftoun Infonnal. The condition of being bored. yawning ad,iecthse Op"t wide: a yattning gulf.

scol,D twun.

CANCEL.

BOOR.

CHAT'TER NAUN,

ctrtrrnn

oerb.

ynnx aerb.

rWUn. IE'B'IK ynrp aerb. YF.LP

couRT

|INUN,

twun.

STANDARD NNUN,

Syns: anecdote, fable, story, tzle. -ldicm tall story (or tale). sEEyawp. l. swnnvn aerb. 2. rvncu oerb. 3. yewx

"-erb.

1,. Syns: gape, yaw (Regionnl).

2. Syns: gap (Regiorurl), gape. BOREDOM.

Syns: abysmal, abyssal, cavernous, gaping.

yes

1069 yawP dso yauP oerb l. To speakor sayveryloudlY.

or 2.To expressnegativefeelings,esp.of dissatisfaction resentrnent. 3. To utter a shrill, short cry. 4, Regional.To look intently and ffxedly. yawp alsoyaup noun A shrill, short cry. yea adaerb Archaic.It is so; asyou sayor ask. yea noun An afirmative vote or voter. yeah alsoleh adoerb lnfmnal.It is so; asyou sayor ask. yeaf noun 1. A period of time of approx.12 months,esp.that period during which the earth completesa single ievolution around the sun: spent a Aeal in London. 2. A period of origin. yearn oerb 1. To have a stronglongingfor. 2. To experienceor expresscompassion. yeafnef ruaun One who aspires. yeafning rwrrn A strong wish for what promisesenioymentor pleasure. yeafS rwun Old age. yeast rwun l- A massof bubbles in or on the surfaceof a liquid. 2. An agentthat stimulatesor precipitatesa reaction, development,or change. yeh adperb yef l oerb l. To say(something)with a shout. 2. To speakor sayvery loudly. yell twu,n A loud cry. yellow ad,ieaine Slurg.Ignobly lackingin courage. yeflow-bellied ad,iecthse Slarrg.Ignobly lacking in courage. yeflow-belly rwun person. Slnng.An ignoble,uncourageous yef lowness twun Slo"g.Ignoble lack of courage. yelp perb To utter a shrill, short cry: a ilog that yelped at strangers;yelped with pain. yelp rroun A shrill, short cry: gaaea yelp of suryrise. yen tuu.tn Infonnal A strong wish for what promisesenjoyment or pleasure. yenta rwun Slang.A personhabitually engagedin idle talk about others. yep alsoyup adaerb Slang.It is so; asyou sayor ask. yes adoerb It is so; asyou say or ask: Yes,he was here yesterday.

L. xoln oerb. 2. coupr-eIN. 3. vrlp oerb. 4. crzn oefu. YELPtwltn. vns a.doerb. YF;StWUn. vns adoerb. L. Syn: twelvemonth.

2. vrr.trecn rwrrn. 1. orsrnn wrb. 2. pnal- oerb. ASPIRANT. DESIRE |WUN. ACE fWUn.

1. roerra rwun. 2. ce.rer-vsr. sEEyeah. L. sttour oerb. 2. norn oerb. sHotIT noun. COWARDLY. COWARDLY. COWARD. COWARDICE

Syns; squeal,yap, yawp (aho yaup), yip. Syns; squeal,yap, yawp (aho yaup), yip. DEStnE

ftoun.

GOSSTP t10Un,

uas aduerb. Syns; absolutely,ageed, all riglrt, aye

yesterday

yes fmun l. The act or process of accepting. 2. An affirmative vote or voter: Ihe yeses uere in the maiority, and the bill becante lnu:.

1070 (ako ay), certainly, O.K. or OK (Infonrutl),_okeydoke(a/so okeydokey ) (llary), {ght on (lnformal), Roger (Infornwl), uh-huh (Informat), yea (Archab), yeah (also yeh) (Informal), y.p (a/soyup) (Slnng). l. eccnpraxcn. 2. Syns: aye (also ay), yea.

yesterday rrcrun

A former period of time or of one's life.

yesteryear rwun

A former period of time or of one's life. yet adnerb 1. Up to this time. 2. To a more extreme degree. _3-._In spite of a preceding event or consideration.

yield obrb

To give up a possession,claim, or right. To bring forth (a product). To make as income or profit. To let (something) go. To conform to the will or judgment of another, esp. out of respect or courtesy. 6. To moderate or change a position or course of action as a result of pressure. 7. To give in from or as if from a gradual loss of strength. 8. To cease opposition. yield nuun 1. The amount or quantity produced: a high yieH of corn pef 0$e. 2. The produce gathered from the land. yiefding' ad:iectioe 1. Submitting without objection or resistance. .2. Yielding easily to pressure or weight; not firm. ylp noun A shrill, short cry. yip oerb To utter a shrill, short cry. yoke rwun 1. That which unites or binds. 2. A state of subjugation to an owner or master. yoke oerb To bring or come together in a united whole. yofg rrorlrr A former period of time or of one's life. young adiectioe Being in an early period of growth or development: a young country full of the pioneer spirit. young noun l. Young people collectively: had a great infliterrce on the young. 2. T\e offspring, as of an animal, bird, etc., that are the result of one breeding season:a lion^esswith her l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

voung. yOungster rwun A youngpersonbetweenbirth andpuberty. youth nuun l. The time of life betrveen childhood and maturity: In

PAST flOUN, PAST NAUN.

l. ranr,mn. 2. rvnNl adaerb. 3. srrr,r. adoerb, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ennrcarn. nnen. nprunw oerb. nnr.rNgursu. nrrrn2.

6. wrexnw. 7. succunas. 8. cryr rruat give. 1. Syns; output, product, production. 2. nanvesr rwun, l. pessIve. 2. sorr. YE'LP TWUN.

ynrp oerb. 1. eoND rmun. 2. sr-evnny. coMsrNn oarb. PAST TWIN.

Syns; green, immature, infant, juvenile, youthful. 1. Syns; juvenility, youth. 2. Syns: brood, litter.

CHILD.

1. Syns; greenness,juvenescence,