Renewables Information 2005 Edition

I E A S T A T I S T I C S I N T E R N AT I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y RENEWABLES INFORMATION 2005 RENEWABLES I...

Author: Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development

11 downloads 938 Views Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

I E A

S T A T I S T I C S I N T E R N AT I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y

RENEWABLES INFORMATION

2005

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... v PART I

RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY

Development of Renewable and Waste Sources in the World

Development of Renewable and Waste Sources in OECD Countries

An IEA Fact Sheet........................................................ 3 Table 1: Selected Renewables Indicators by Country for 2003...................................................... 6

Primary Energy Supply ................................................ 9 Electricity Production ................................................. 11 Installed Generating Capacity.................................... 15

Variability of Wind Power and other Renewables – Management Options and Strategies ................................................................................................................17

PART II OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE GRAPHS AND DATA Directory of Part II Tables 1. Principles and Definitions I II III IV

General Notes............................................ 29 Data Sources ............................................. 30 Units and Conversions............................... 31 Notes on Energy Sources and Flows......... 31

OECD Renewables and Waste Graphs and Data Contribution of Renewable Energy Sources to TPES, by Country................................................. 45 Share of Electricity Production from Renewable Sources, by Country................................................. 46 Share of Electricity Production from Renewable Sources excluding Hydro, by Country ...................... 47 Primary Energy Supply from Different Renewable Sources in 2003, by Country ................. 48 Graphs - Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh).............................................. 49 OECD Total .............................................................. 55 OECD North America ............................................... 59 OECD/IEA Pacific..................................................... 63 OECD Europe .......................................................... 67 IEA Total .................................................................. 71 IEA North America ................................................... 75 IEA Europe............................................................... 79 European Union - 15 ................................................ 83 Australia ................................................................... 87 Austria ...................................................................... 90 Belgium .................................................................... 94 Canada..................................................................... 98 Czech Republic ...................................................... 101 Denmark................................................................. 105

2. Geographical Coverage ............................... 35 3. Country Notes................................................. 37 4. Conversion Factors....................................... 43

Finland ....................................................................109 France.....................................................................113 Germany .................................................................117 Greece ....................................................................121 Hungary ..................................................................124 Iceland ....................................................................128 Ireland .....................................................................132 Italy .......................................................................135 Japan ......................................................................138 Korea ......................................................................142 Luxembourg ............................................................146 Mexico.....................................................................150 Netherlands.............................................................153 New Zealand...........................................................157 Norway....................................................................160 Poland.....................................................................164 Portugal...................................................................168 Slovak Republic ......................................................171 Spain.......................................................................175 Sweden ...................................................................179 Switzerland .............................................................183 Turkey .....................................................................187 United Kingdom ......................................................190 United States ..........................................................194

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

iv - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

Unit and Technical Abbreviations

GW

:

Gigawatt

GWh

:

Gigawatt hour

1 GWh :

= 3.6 Terajoules

MW

:

Megawatt (electric)

MWh

:

Megawatt hour

kW

:

kilowatt

kWh

:

kilowatt hour

t

:

metric ton = tonne

..

:

not available

e

:

estimated data

c

:

confidential data

x

:

not applicable

RES

:

Renewable Energy Sources

1 toe

:

tonne of oil equivalent = 41.868 GJ = 107 kcal

GJ

:

Gigajoule (109 joules)

TJ

:

Terajoule (1012 joules)

TPES

:

Total Primary Energy Supply

GDP

:

Gross Domestic Product


RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - v

INTRODUCTION Renewables Information 2005 is the fourth edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on renewable and waste energies to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the renewables industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends as well as the current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to better inform the policy decision process towards policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Renewables Information 2005 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on renewable and waste energy sources. It covers production, trade, transformation to electricity and heat, final consumption and installed generating capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part I of the publication provides a statistical overview of developments in the markets for renewables and waste in the OECD Member countries. It also provides selected renewables indicators for nonOECD countries. Part I of this edition of Renewables Information will also acquaint the reader with the issue of Variability of Wind Power and other Renewables via a working paper, published recently by the IEA and reprinted here, which explores management options and strategies to address the issue. Part II provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments in renewable and waste energy sources for each of the 30 OECD Member countries. Documentation at the front of Part II provides important information that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication.

This information is structured as follow: 1. Principles and Definitions I II III IV

General Notes Data Sources Units and Conversions Notes on Energy Sources and Flows

2. Geographical Coverage 3. Country Notes 4. Conversion Factors The OECD data shown in this publication are primarily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire annual submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administrations to ensure consistency in time series and with IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. The finalised data provide the basis for Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, national submissions to the United Nations and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the methodology sections of those publications for more detail on individual non-Member countries covered in the publication. All tables are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering CD-ROMs and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at www.iea.org.


vi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

In addition, a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org.

Mr. Timur Gül and Mr. Till Stenzel for their contribution to Part I of the publication.

Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site.

Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to:

Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD renewables and waste statistics were the responsibility of Mr Lorcan Lyons. Mr Michel Francoeur had overall responsibility for this publication.

Michel Francoeur or Lorcan Lyons Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the non-OECD Member countries section headed by Mr. Riccardo Quercioli, to the OECD Balances section headed by Mrs. Karen Tréanton, and to

Tel: (33 1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 66 27 Fax: (33 1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: [email protected]


Editorial and secretarial support from Ms Sharon Burghgraeve and Ms Susan Stolarow is also gratefully acknowledged.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - 1

PART I RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY



DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE WORLD An IEA Fact Sheet In 2003, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) was 10 579 Mtoe, of which 13.3%, or 1 404 Mtoe, was produced from renewable energy sources. This compares to a share of 34.4% for oil, 24.4% for coal, 21.2% for natural gas and 6.5% for nuclear energy. By IEA definition, renewable energy sources include combustible renewables and waste (solid biomass, charcoal, renewable municipal waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass), hydro, solar, wind and tide energy. Non-renewable waste sources (non-renewable industrial waste or nonrenewable municipal waste) are not included in renewables. Figure 1: 2003 Fuel Shares in World Total Primary Energy Supply

Figure 2: 2003 Product Shares in World Renewable Energy Supply

Nuclear 6.5%

Hydro 16.2%

Renew ables 13.3%

Geothermal 3.1%

Hydro 2.2% Combustible Renew ables and Waste 10.6%

Coal 24.4%

Other Renew ables* 0.5%

*Other Renewables: Geothermal, Wind, Solar, Tide. Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

Due to its widespread non-commercial use in developing countries, solid biomass is by far the largest renewable energy source, representing 10.3% of

Liquid Biomass 1.0%

Wind 0.4%

Solar, Tide 0.3%

Natural Gas 21.2%

Oil 34.4%

world TPES, or 77.5% of global renewables supply. The second largest source is hydro power, which provides 2.2% of world TPES, or 16.2% of renewables. Geothermal is the third largest renewable source and is much smaller, representing 0.4% of world TPES, or 3.1% of renewable supply in the world. The contribution of “new” renewables (solar, wind and tide) to energy supply is still very marginal, representing less than 0.1% of world TPES, or 0.7% of renewables supply.

Combustible Renew ables and Waste 79.9%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 77.5%

Renew able Municipal Waste 0.7%

Gas f rom Biomass 0.7%

Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at an average annual rate of 1.8%, which is slightly higher than the growth rate of world TPES of 1.6% per annum. Growth has been especially high for wind power, which grew at an average annual rate of 23.9%. However, due to its very low base in 1990, production remains small. OECD countries account for most of the production and growth of solar and wind energy. The second highest growth rate was experienced by non-solid biomass combustible renewables and waste, such as renewable municipal waste, biogas and liquid biomass. This seg-


4 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

ment grew on average at 8.2% annually since 1990. Solid biomass and hydro, the two largest contributors to renewable energy in the world, have experienced the slowest growth among the renewable energy sources. Their growth rates of 1.6% per annum were roughly equal to that of world TPES. Solid biomass experienced similar growth rates in OECD and non-OECD regions, though non-OECD regions produce the bulk of solid biomass. Most of the growth in hydro power took place in non-OECD regions, where a growth rate of 2.8% annually between 1990 and 2003 was achieved. This compares to an average annual growth rate of only 0.4% in OECD. Growth in absolute terms was especially strong in Asian countries such as China and Vietnam, and in Latin American countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Figure 3: Annual Growth Rates of World Renewables Supply from 1990 to 2003 30% 23.9%

25% 20% 15% 8.2%

10%

6.1%

5%

1.6%

1.8%

1.6%

2.1%

future as developing countries slowly shift from traditional biomass to more modern forms of energy. Figure 4: 2003 Regional Shares in Renewables Supply Biomass

China 20.0%

Form er USSR 0.7%

Hydro

Non- Middle OECD Eas t Europe 0.1% OECD 0.5% 12.5% Africa 25.0%

As ia* 33.9%

Latin Am erica 7.0%

China 10.7%

Form er USSR 8.4%

NonOECD Europe 1.7%

Middle Eas t 0.6%

As ia* 7.0% Latin Am erica 20.1%

Africa 3.2%

OECD 46.9%

*Asia excludes China

Because of their heavy non-commercial biomass use, non-OECD regions emerge as the main renewables users, accounting for 78.3% of world total renewables supply. On the other hand, OECD countries supply only 21.7% of world renewables while consuming 51% of world TPES. Consequently, OECD has a renewable share of only 5.6%. This share is 21.2% for non-OECD regions, and as high as 50.1% for regions like Africa. However, when looking at “new” renewables, OECD accounts for most of the production, producing 85.6% of wind, solar and tide energy in 2003.

1.6%

0% TPES Renew ables Solid Geothermal Hydro Renew . Solar Biomass MW/Biogas/Liquid Biomass

Wind

Figure 5: 2003 Regional Renewables Supply Shares 60% 50.1%

At present, OECD and non-OECD regions produce roughly equal amounts of hydro electricity (see chart below). However, while the number of pending projects suggests that hydro power will increase in nonOECD regions, little growth is expected in OECD countries, where most hydro potential has already been realised. With the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, China alone will add some 18 200 MW of capacity by 2009, representing a 12% increase in world hydro power production. The bulk of solid biomass (87.5%) is produced and consumed in non-OECD regions, where developing countries, situated mainly in South Asia and subSaharan Africa, use non-commercial biomass for residential cooking and heating. Africa, which consumed about 5.3% of world TPES in 2003, produced 25% of the world’s solid biomass supply. However, the share of non-OECD regions in solid biomass consumption is expected to decrease in


50% 40%

32.7% 29.2%

30% 17.1%

20%

9.4%

10%

5.6%

2.9%

0.7%

0% OECD Total

Af rica

Latin A merica

A sia

China

Former USSR

NonOECD Europe

Middle East

While more than half of the renewable primary energy supply in OECD countries is used in the transformation sector to generate electricity, on a global level the bulk of renewables is consumed in the residential, commercial and public services sectors. Again, this is a consequence of widespread biomass use in the residential sector of developing countries. In fact, only 21.3% of renewables are used for electricity production worldwide, while 58.6% are used in the residential, commercial and public sectors.


Figure 6: 2003 World Sectoral Consumption of Renewables Other Sectors 2.9%

Gas 19.4%

Electricity Plants 21.3%

Other Transformation and Energy Sectors 5.9% Residential/ Commercial and Public Sectors 58.6%

Figure 7: Fuel Shares in World Electricity Production in 2003

Oil 6.9%

Renew ables 17.6%

Industry Sector 11.3%

Despite this fact, renewables are the third largest contributor to global electricity production. They accounted for 17.6% of world generation in 2003, after coal (40.1%) and only slightly behind gas (19.4%) but ahead of nuclear (15.8%) and oil (6.9%). In the transformation sector, hydro supplies the vast majority of renewable energy, generating 15.9% of world electricity, and 90.4% of total renewable electricity. Combustible renewables and waste, including solid biomass, play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying 1% of world electricity. Although growing rapidly, geothermal, solar and wind still accounted for only 0.7% of world electricity production in 2003. Renewable electricity generation grew on average 1.9% per annum worldwide, which was slower than total electricity generation, at 2.7%. While 19.3% of global electricity in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this share fell to 17.6% in 2003. This decrease is mainly the result of slow growth of renewables, and in particular of hydro, in OECD countries, which produce approximately half of

Nuclear 15.8%

Coal 40.1%

Hydro 15.9%

Combustible Renew ables and Waste 1.0% Other Renew ables* 0.7%

*Other Renewables: Geothermal, Wind, Solar, Tide.

global renewable electricity (50.2%). Renewable electricity grew at only 0.9% in OECD, while it grew at 2.8% in non-OECD regions. While renewable electricity in non-OECD regions has been growing at a slightly lower rate than total electricity generation (2.8% versus 3.7%), growth of renewables in OECD was much lower than total electricity generation growth (0.9% versus 2.1%). Electricity growth tends to be higher in non-OECD regions because they include the developing economies in Africa and Asia. Population growth is much higher in developing countries than in OECD countries and as income increases, people switch from fuelwood and charcoal to kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases for cooking, and have better access to electricity through electrification programmes. As a consequence, future electricity growth, including renewable electricity growth, is expected to be higher in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries.



Table 1: Selected Renewables Indicators by Country for 2003 TPES

Of which Renewables

Share of Renewables in TPES

Mtoe

Mtoe

(%)

Africa Latin America Asia China Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Middle East OECD World Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Chile People’s Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia


558.9 463.9 1224.4 1425.9 103.5 961.7 445.7 5394.7 10578.7 2.1 33 9.1 59.9 2 112.6 33.2 12.3 7.2 21.7 25.8 59.2 2.3 4.5 4.5 193.2 2.7 19.5 6.8 260.6 26.3 1409.4 98.6 28.4 1 15.9 3.7 6.6 8.8 11.2 2.7 44.1 20.8 8 9.1 52.4 4.5 0.8 4.9

279.9 135.5 400 243.4 9.7 27.5 3.2 304.7 1403.7 0.6 0.1 6.2 6.1 0.2 6.4 6.6 0.2 0 8.1 1 0.8 1.6 0.9 0.7 76.3 0 0.9 5.6 40.8 6 243.4 1.2 8 0.7 15.4 1.6 4.5 0.8 2.5 0 1.2 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.5 2.4 0.6 0.5

50.1 29.2 32.7 17.1 9.4 2.9 0.7 5.6 13.3 28.2 0.3 67.5 10.2 8.6 5.7 19.8 1.8 0 37.4 3.7 1.3 68.6 21.2 14.6 39.5 0.7 4.8 83.3 15.6 22.8 17.3 1.3 28.4 65 96.9 44.3 68.1 9.1 22.3 1.7 2.6 12.1 19.4 13.9 4.8 53.4 69.6 10.6

Share of the Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%) Geothermal, Combustible Hydro Solar, Wind, Renewables Tide and Waste 2.6 35.9 4 10 40.8 69.7 42.7 35.1 16.2 75.5 23 1.7 47.6 99.4 21.6 47.5 98 0 1.2 0.3 2.8 0 23.5 71.3 34.5 0 27.2 5.4 71.2 32.4 10 47.9 38.7 4.4 3.5 31.3 3.5 52.4 0.3 0 10.2 0.1 6.7 48.9 44.2 5.2 0 0.2

0.3 1.4 3.5 0 0.7 1.1 24.1 11.7 3.8 0.3 0 0 0.1 0 2.3 2.2 0 0 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 50.2 0 0 0 80.6 0 19.6 0 0 1 34.6 0 0.1

97.1 62.6 92.5 90 58.5 29.2 33.2 53.3 80 24.1 77 98.3 52.3 0.6 76.1 50.4 2 0 98.8 99.7 95.8 100 76.5 28.7 65.5 100 72.8 94.6 28.6 67.6 90 52.1 61.3 95.6 96.5 18.4 96.5 47.6 99.7 19.4 89.8 80.4 93.3 51.1 54.8 60.1 100 99.7


Table 1: Selected Renewables Indicators by Country for 2003 (cont.)

Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Morocco Mozambique (incl. exports) Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles

TPES

Of which Renewables


Mtoe

Mtoe

(%)

20.5 37.6 271.3 1.7 2.7 347.1 8.5 0.1 29.9 7.3 2.2 3.6 16.5 26.3 3.4 553.4 161.6 136.4 25.8 15.1 20.6 181 4.1 517.1 5.4 49.8 16.2 205.3 19.9 22.9 2.7 4.4 6 18 8.9 4.3 2.7 56.7 0.9 159.9 3.3 10.9 8.2 13.7 1.3 8.8 80.8 1.6

18.9 7.8 16.2 1.1 1.2 11.2 6 0 1.5 4.1 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.9 2.5 218 49.6 1.7 0.1 0.3 0.7 10.1 0.5 18.2 0.1 0.8 13.5 1.2 2 0 1.1 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.7 0 0.3 3.1 0 15.4 0.1 0.6 8 10.2 0.3 7.8 1.4 0

92.2 20.9 6 63.4 44.6 3.2 70.5 0 5.2 56.3 74.8 46.1 0.3 3.4 72.5 39.4 30.7 1.3 0.2 1.7 3.4 5.6 11.5 3.5 1.3 1.6 83.4 0.6 10.2 0 42.2 33.5 4.2 0.8 7.9 1 11.1 5.5 0 9.6 2 5.4 97.2 74.9 24.4 89 1.7 0

Share of the Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%) Hydro Geothermal, Combustible Solar, Wind, Renewables Tide and Waste 1 0 99 10.5 0.1 89.4 31.4 1.4 67.2 7.2 0 92.8 46.1 0.8 53 14.7 17.8 67.4 5.6 0 94.4 0 0 0 26.5 12.5 61 5.2 0 94.8 1.3 0 98.7 11.3 0 88.7 0 0 100 1.6 9.8 88.6 24.8 75.1 0 3 0.1 96.9 1.6 11 87.5 54.8 0 45.2 58.6 0 41.4 19.7 15.1 65.2 0.4 98.4 1.3 28.7 48.9 22.4 2.2 0 97.8 44.8 21.6 33.6 4.9 90.6 4.5 91 0 9 2.1 5 92.9 35.9 5.9 58.2 49.7 0 50.3 0 0 0 99.7 0 0.3 13.3 0.3 86.4 46.3 3.6 50.1 0 0 100 3.9 0.4 95.6 15 5.5 79.6 39.7 2.9 57.4 15.9 0 84.1 0 0 0 11.1 35.5 53.4 8.6 0 91.4 21.1 2.9 75.9 11.4 0 88.6 1.9 0 98.1 40.7 0 59.3 2.5 0 97.5 0.5 9.7 89.8 0 0 0



Table 1: Selected Renewables Indicators by Country for 2003 (cont.) TPES

Of which Renewables


Mtoe

Mtoe

(%)

New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay (incl. exports) Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan United Rep. of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Former Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe


17.4 3.1 97.8 23.3 12.5 69.3 2.6 4 12 42.1 93.7 25.8 15.2 39 639.7 130.8 3.2 16.2 22.4 18.5 7 118.6 136.1 8.1 16.6 51.5 27.1 17.9 3.2 17.2 88.8 2.6 11.1 8.2 79 17.2 132.6 39.2 232 2280.8 2.5 52.3 54.2 44.3 5.7 39.2 6.7 9.7

4.9 1.8 78.3 10.5 0 28.2 0.7 6.6 3.9 19.4 4.9 4.2 0 4 17.2 0 1.7 1.6 0 0.6 0.7 13.3 9.2 4.3 13.5 13.1 4.1 0.2 1.4 16 15.3 1.9 0 1.1 10 0 1.1 0 2.9 95.3 1.2 0.5 5.8 25.1 0.1 4.1 6.2 6.3

27.9 58.2 80.1 45 0 40.6 26.4 166 32.4 46.1 5.2 16.5 0 10.3 2.7 0 53.9 10.2 0 3.4 10.4 11.2 6.8 53 81.2 25.4 15.3 1.4 43.5 93.2 17.2 72.1 0.2 12.9 12.7 0 0.8 0 1.3 4.2 46.1 1 10.6 56.6 1.4 10.5 93 65.2

Share of the Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%) Hydro Geothermal, Combustible Solar, Wind, Renewables Tide and Waste 41.9 40.9 17.1 1.4 12.9 85.7 0.9 0 99.1 86.3 0.2 13.5 0 0 0 8.2 0 91.8 35.3 0 64.7 67.2 0 32.8 40.9 1.4 57.6 3.5 43.5 53.1 2.9 0.4 96.7 31.9 3.3 64.8 0 0 100 28.5 0.4 71.1 77.7 1.6 20.7 0 0 100 1.7 0 98.3 51.4 0 48.6 0 0 0 48.2 1.3 50.5 37.1 0 62.9 1.2 0 98.8 38.2 11.9 49.9 6.6 0 93.4 0.7 0 99.3 35 0.5 64.6 72.5 3.5 24.1 97.8 0 2.2 100 0 0 1.4 0 98.6 4.1 0 95.9 1.1 0 98.9 0 0 100 1.3 0.3 98.4 30.3 12.1 57.6 100 0 0 75.1 0.2 24.7 0 0 100 9.5 4.5 86 25.2 11.5 63.3 63.1 0 36.9 100 0 0 90.6 0 9.4 6.5 0 93.5 0 0 100 51.3 0.2 48.4 13.2 0 86.8 7.3 0 92.7


DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN OECD COUNTRIES Primary Energy Supply Summary In OECD countries, primary energy supply from renewable sources increased from 263.2 Mtoe to 304.7 Mtoe between 1990 and 2003, yielding an average annual growth of 1.1%. In 2003, renewables contributed 5.6% of total primary energy supply (TPES) in the OECD. Although this share has decreased from 5.8% in 1990, the decline can be attributed to low hydro electricity generation due to low precipitation in 2002 and 2003.

The largest proportion of renewable primary energy supply in the OECD comes from combustible renewables and waste. They account for 53.3% of renewable supply. Solid biomass, including wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, is the largest contributor to renewables supply, with a 44.7% share. The second largest renewable source is hydro power, providing 35.1% of renewable primary energy. With a 9% share, geothermal energy is the third largest renewable source. Figure 2: 2003 Product Shares in OECD Renewable Energy Supply Wind 1.6%

Figure 1: 2003 Fuel Shares in OECD Total Primary Energy Supply

Liquid Biomass 2.5% Hydro 35.1%

Combustible Renew ables and Waste 53.3%

Natural Gas 22.0% Nuclear 10.7% Hydro 2.0%

Oil 40.7%

Renew ables Combustible Renew ables 5.6% and Waste 3.0% Other* 0.7% Coal 20.5%

*Other: Geothermal, Wind, Solar, Tide. Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

The growth of renewable energy production has kept up with the growth of TPES and conventional energy sources in the OECD, since the renewable share in TPES in 1990 and 2000 are both equal to 5.8%.

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 44.7%

Renew able Municipal Waste 3.2%

Gas f rom Biomass 2.8%

Solar, Tide 1.1% Geothermal 9.0%

While solid biomass, hydro and geothermal combined represent almost 90% of total primary renewable energy supply in the OECD, growth rates have been lowest for these products over the past decade. Solid biomass, hydro (excluding pumped storage) and geothermal energy grew at only 1.4%, 0.5% and 0.1% per annum respectively. This compares to an average annual growth rate of 1.4% for TPES over the same time period. The growth rate of solid biomass is mainly due to the fact that its end use consumption by industry and households increased over the past decade. Most notable is the slow growth of



Figure 3: Annual Growth Rates of OECD Renewable Supply from 1990 to 2003 30% 25%

23.3%

20% 15% 11.7%

10% 6.2%

5% 1.4%

1.1%

1.4% 0.1%

0.5%

0% Solar TPES Renewables Solid Geothermal Hydro Renew. Biomass MSW /Biogas/Liquid Biomass

W ind

However, despite their high growth rates, the contribution of these renewable products to total energy supply is still minor. Indeed, wind, solar, tide, gas from biomass, renewable municipal waste and liquid biomass combined made up less than 1% of total primary energy supply and only around 10% of renewable primary energy supply in 2003. Neverthe-


less, it should be noted that this share increased from approximately 4% of total renewables in 1990. The largest producer of solid biomass is the United States, providing 34.8% of the total solid biomass supply in the OECD in 2003. This share has declined from over 45% in the early 1990s. Other major solid biomass producers include Canada, France, Mexico and Sweden. The largest hydro power producer is Canada, followed by the United States and Norway. Figure 4: OECD Renewable Primary Energy Supply, by Product 350

Renew . MW, Biogas, Liquid Biomass

Solar/Tide/Wind

300 Geothermal 250

Mtoe

hydro power, where the growth rate is significantly below the growth rate of TPES in the long term. Because hydroelectric capacity is mature in most OECD member states, it is increasingly difficult to locate suitable environmentally acceptable sites to expand this energy form. Therefore, little new growth is projected for this sector. The very low growth rate for geothermal energy production is mainly due to the increased efficiency of geothermal electricity plants in the United States, which is the biggest producer of geothermal electricity. Even though electricity and heat generation from geothermal energy went up, the increased efficiency of geothermal electricity plants after 2000 caused United States geothermal production (geothermal energy inputs) to go down. However, excluding the United States the average annual growth rate is 2%. Combustible renewables and waste excluding solid biomass (renewable municipal waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass) have been growing much more rapidly than solid biomass, with an average annual growth rate of 11.7%. Solar energy (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) grew at an average annual rate of 6.2%. The highest growth in the renewable energy sector is for liquid biomass, solar photovoltaic and wind, which have been growing at 73.1%, 30.8% and 23.3% per annum respectively since 1990. Growth for these products was especially high in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

200

Hydro

150 100 50

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

These three countries combined supply more than 50% of total hydro power in the OECD. The main producer of geothermal energy is the United States, with a share of 31.5% in 2003. Other big producers are Mexico, Italy, Japan and New Zealand. 36.5% of renewable municipal waste is produced in the United States, with other big suppliers being France, Germany and Denmark. The United States is the main producer of liquid biomass (73.8%) and gas from biomass (42.4% of OECD production). Other substantial producers of biogas are Japan and Germany. Along with the United States, Germany and France produce liquid biomass on a large scale. Solar thermal energy is mainly concentrated in the United States, Japan and Turkey while solar photovoltaic production takes place predominantly in Germany, Spain, Mexico and Canada. Large wind power producing countries are Germany, the United States, Spain and Denmark. The largest OECD producer of renewable energy is the United States, contributing 31.3% of renewable energy supply. The United States is followed by Canada, which provides 13.4% of renewable production in the OECD. The two countries are also the largest producers of energy from hydro and solid


biomass. The United States and Canada produce 4.2% and 15.6% respectively of their total primary energy supply from renewable sources. This compares to an OECD-wide share of 5.6%. Countries with the highest share of renewables in their total energy supply in 2003 were Iceland (72.5%), Norway (45%), Sweden (25.4%) and New Zealand (27.9%). Among the different OECD regions, OECD Europe has the highest share of primary energy supply from renewable sources, with 6.7%. It is also the only OECD area that has experienced an increase (from 5.6%) in its renewable share since 1990. Both OECD North America and OECD Pacific experienced a decline in the share of renewable primary energy supply from 6.4% to 5.6% and from 4.1% to 3.6% respectively. The increase of the renewable share in OECD Europe is the result of the implementation of strong supporting policies for renewable energy in the late 1990s and early 2000s, especially in the EU-15. Figure 5: OECD Regional Shares in Renewable Energy Supply

Share of Renewable Energy

8 7 6 5

growth of hydro power, which is used for electricity generation. Figure 6: OECD Sectoral Consumption of Renewables 1990 Resid., Comm. & Public 16%

Industry 14%

2003 Resid., Comm. & Public 18.9%

Other 6.2%

Other Trans./ Energy 9.1%

Electr. Plants 54.7%

Industry 18.5%

Other 1.6%

Other Trans./ Energy 11%

Electr. Plants 49.9%

Electricity Production Summary Between 1990 and 2003, OECD gross electricity production from renewable products increased from 1 300 TWh to 1 506 TWh. In 2003, 14.9% of total electricity was generated from renewable sources, most of which comes from hydro plants.

4

Figure 7: Renewable Shares in OECD Electricity Production in 2003

3 2 1

OECD Total OECD/IEA Pacific

02

01

00

99

03 20

20

20

20

97

96

98

19

19

19

19

94

95 19

19

92

93 19

19

90 19

19

91

0

OECD North America OECD Europe

Although renewable primary energy supply has been able to keep pace with the growth of traditional fuels, the share of renewable energy in the electricity transformation sector has not. In 1990, 54.7% of renewable energy was used for electricity generation, but this share had decreased to 49.9% in 2003 – although total electricity generation in the OECD grew at a rate of 2.1% annually. The majority of the growth of renewable energy has taken place in the final consumption sectors, such as the residential, commercial and industry sectors. In 2003, a little over half of renewable primary energy was used for purposes other than generating electricity. This trend is underpinned by the strong presence of solid biomass, which is traditionally used in the final consumption sector, as well as the lacklustre

Nuclear 22.6%

Gas 17.6%

Renew ables 14.9%

Oil 5.7%

Coal 39.1%

Hydro 12.6%

Combustible Renew ables and Waste 1.4% Other Renew ables 1.0%

Since 1990, renewable electricity generation has been growing at an average annual rate of 0.9%, which is significantly lower than the rate of 2.1% for total electricity generation. To some extent, the low growth rate of renewable electricity is affected by the drop in hydro power output in recent years due to abnormally low precipitation in some OECD countries. Nevertheless, renewable electricity production has not been able to keep pace with the growth of total electricity production. In 1990, 17.3% of total electricity was produced from renew-



able sources, but this share had decreased to 14.9% by 2003, largely due to stagnant growth in the hydro power segment. While hydro electricity generated 15.5% of total OECD electricity in 1990, this share decreased to 12.6% in 2003. Hydro power has reached its capacity limit in most OECD countries. As a result, hydroelectric capacity expansion has been more or less stagnant for the past decade. In addition, hydro power is dependent on climatic conditions, and lower precipitation levels in major hydro power producing countries, such as the United States and Japan, has caused a decline in total OECD hydroelectric production in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Figure 8: OECD Electricity Production from 1990 to 2003 by Product 4500 4000

crease in the renewables share; in Portugal, hydro electricity generation went down due to low precipitation, which reduced the share of renewable electricity. Although very small, the share of renewable electricity (excluding hydro power) grew from 1.9% in 1990 to 2.3% in 2003. The increase is mainly due to OECD Europe, where implementation of strong renewables stimulation policies by European Union member countries encouraged the growth of nonhydro renewable production. Policy initiatives such as feed-in tariffs and tax incentives have made electricity generation from renewable sources marketable in many countries. However, OECD Europe, OECD North America and OECD Pacific, as well as total OECD, experienced decreases in their overall renewables share of electricity production between 1990 and 2003.

3500

Figure 9: OECD Regional Shares in Renewable Electricity Production from 1990 to 2003

2500 2000


03 20

01

00

02 20

20

20

98

97

99 19

19

96 19

19

94

The decline in the share of renewable electricity was especially pronounced in the emerging economies of the OECD, such as Korea, Mexico and Turkey. These countries have experienced extremely high consumption growth in the past decade, and generation has in some cases more than doubled since 1990. Due to high capacity installation costs and resource unavailability (e.g. hydro), rising demand is generally met by increasing electricity production from traditional fossil fuels rather than renewable sources. Turkey for example, which has always had a high share of renewable energy because of its large hydro power production, increased its total electricity generation from 57.5 TWh to 140.6 TWh between 1990 and 2003. Over the same period, renewable electricity production increased from 23.2 TWh to 35.6 TWh, causing the share of renewables in total electricity to fall from 40.4% to 25.3%. The decline in the share of renewable electricity is also substantial in two countries of the European Union: in Luxembourg, the opening of a gas-fired plant in 2002 caused electricity generation to jump from 498 GWh to 2794 GWh, resulting in a big de-

95

2002

Gas Other Renewables

19

2000

93

1998

19

1996

Oil Hydro

19

1994

91

1992

92

1990 Coal Nuclear

19

0

90

500

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 19

1000

19

1500

Share of Renewable Electricity

TWh

3000

OECD Total

OECD North America

OECD Pacific

OECD Europe

As a consequence of its high growth rate, OECD Europe supplied 39.3% of total OECD renewable electricity production in 2003, up from 35.3% in 1990. On the other hand, both OECD North America and OECD Pacific decreased their share from 53.5% to 49.3% and from 11.6% to 11.4% of OECD production respectively. A more detailed analysis of individual renewable and waste products and their development in the electricity market provides further insights1:

Hydro As mentioned above, hydro power has reached its potential capacity limit in most OECD countries.

1. Please note that hydro, solid biomass, geothermal and wind electricity generation is expressed in TWh due to its magnitude. The unit used for electricity generation from all other renewable products is GWh.


Solid Biomass Electricity generation from solid biomass grew from 75.6 TWh to 93.3 TWh between 1990 and 2003, yielding a 1.6% average annual growth. As the second largest renewable electricity source after hydropower, solid biomass accounted for 6.2% of renewable electricity generation in 2003. This share is up from 5.8% in 1990. 42.3% of electricity from solid biomass is generated in the United States (39.7 TWh), where it makes up 10.6% of the country’s renewable electricity production. The second largest producer of electricity from solid biomass is Japan (11.6 TWh), where it represents 9.9% of renewable electricity supply. Other big producers are Finland and Canada. Solid biomass electricity is produced in most OECD Member countries.

Geothermal As with hydro power, geothermal electricity production has not experienced significant growth between 1990 and 2003. It grew at an average annual rate of 1.4%, from 28.7 TWh to 34.3 TWh. Generation remained static in OECD North America over the period 1990 to 2003, although the region remains the largest geothermal electricity producer, with a 61.6% share in 2003. The United States is the largest producer with 43.3% of the OECD total in 2003. Production was 14.9 TWh in 2003, down from 16 TWh in 1990. The second largest producer is Mexico, reporting 6.3 TWh in 2003. With an output of 5.3 TWh, Italy is the third largest producer in the OECD and the largest producer in OECD Europe. Other major producers are Japan and New Zealand. The highest growth rate of geothermal electricity generation was achieved in Portugal, where production increased by 27.1% annually from 0.004 TWh

to 0.09 TWh between 1990 and 2003. For the OECD as a whole, lacklustre growth is projected for the next few years because there are few development schemes in countries with geothermal potential.

Wind In 2003, wind turbines produced 3.9% of renewable electricity in the OECD. For the first time in 2001, more electricity was generated from wind than from renewable municipal waste or geothermal. Between 1990 and 2003, wind power increased from 3.8 TWh to 58.3 TWh, achieving an average annual growth rate of 23.3%. This is the second fastest growth rate after solar photovoltaic. Most of the growth occurred in the European Union, where wind energy is heavily subsidised by national governments. As a consequence, wind grew at 36.4% per annum in the European Union. The highest growth rate is in Italy, with 66% per year between 1990 and 2003, from 0.002 TWh to 1.5 TWh. Growth in absolute terms was highest in Germany, Spain and the United States. They now produce 18.9 TWh, 12.1 TWh and 11.3 TWh respectively. Due to their inherent variability, the integration of larger amounts of these renewable technologies will become an increasingly important issue for policymakers and electricity grid managers. The section “Variability of Wind Power and Other Renewables” provides an analysis of this issue. Figure 10: Wind Electricity Production in Four Main Producing OECD Countries 20 15 TWh

Between 1990 and 2003, electricity generated from hydro plants (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1 170.5 TWh to 1 241.8 TWh in the OECD, yielding an average annual increase of 0.5%. However, while in 1990 90% of electricity produced from renewable sources came from hydro plants, this share decreased to 82.5% in 2003 due to the rapid growth of electricity generation from other renewable sources. In 2003, the largest hydro power generating countries were Canada (337.7 TWh), the United States (305.7 TWh) and Norway (106.1 TWh). Other big hydro power producers are Japan, Sweden and France.

10 5 0 1990

1992 DENMA RK

1994

1996

1998

GERMA NY

2000 SPA IN

2002 USA

Renewable Municipal Waste Renewable municipal waste represented 1.4% of renewable electricity generation in 2003. However, it should be noted at this point that data on non-renewable and renewable municipal waste



have been collected as distinct products only since 1999. Before this, all municipal waste is classified as renewable (unless revisions were submitted by individual countries). After 1999, data are often estimates rather than observations because the energy classification systems of many countries do not permit the separation of renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. IEA analysis suggests that a large part of the production reported under renewable municipal waste in fact belongs in non-renewable municipal waste. In 2003, 21 660 GWh of electricity were produced from renewable waste in the OECD. By far the largest producer of electricity from renewable municipal waste is the United States, generating 8 093 GWh, or 37.4% of OECD production. The second largest producer is Japan, with a production of 3 031 GWh. With 1 643 GWh, France is the third largest producer. The remaining electricity production from renewable municipal waste is spread among smaller producers in OECD Europe. Denmark and Italy experienced the highest growth rates, increasing their production from 47 GWh to 1 148 GWh (at 27.9% per annum) and from 37 GWh to 907 GWh (at 27.9% per annum) respectively between 1990 and 2003.

Gas from Biomass Please note that complete biogas statistics are not available until 1992. Therefore, the following growth rates were calculated taking 1992 as the base year instead of 1990. Electricity production from biogas grew from an estimated 7 000 GWh in 1990 to 18 102 GWh in 2003. A large proportion of production takes place in the European Union (54.5% in 2003). The largest producers in the European Union are Germany, which provided 2 968 GWh of biogas electricity in 2003, and the United Kingdom, which provided 3 619 GWh of biogas electricity in 2003. While Japan remains the largest individual producer, its growth rate since 1992 has been much slower than that of many European Union countries. Most of the growth in the biogas segment took place in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and continued strong growth is expected for the near future.

Solar Photovoltaic Solar photovoltaic output is very difficult to capture due to its widespread off-grid use. For that reason, solar photovoltaic output statistics should be consid-


ered incomplete. Information on solar collectors surface provides more reliable statistics on this product, especially for European Union countries (see Table 2 “Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Products” in Part II for regional OECD aggregates or specific countries). Of all renewable products, solar photovoltaic experienced the highest growth rate. While being small in absolute terms, it increased from 17 GWh in 1990 to 546 GWh in 2003, achieving a 30.6% annual growth rate. Growth was strongest in the countries of the European Union. Germany, with its high feedin tariffs for solar photovoltaic electricity generation, achieved 56.3%, the highest average annual growth rate (increasing production from 1 GWh in 1990 to 333 GWh in 2003).

Solar Thermal Solar thermal electricity production decreased from 663 GWh in 1990 to 548 GWh in 2003. Production takes place exclusively in the United States.

Tide, Wave, Ocean 572 GWh of electricity were generated from tide, wave and ocean motion in 2003. The main producer of electricity production from water motion is France, generating 539 GWh in 2003 (with a plant capturing electricity from tidal movements). The second contributor is Canada, producing 33 GWh.

Non-Renewable Municipal Waste and Industrial Waste The data strongly suggest that both industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste have experienced an increase between 1990 and 2003. In 2003, industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste generated 2.3% of OECD renewable electricity (for this calculation, production from non-renewable waste is exceptionally included in the definition of renewable electricity). Most of the 15 950 GWh of industrial waste electricity production takes place in two countries. The largest producer is the United States with 8 460 GWh (53% of total), followed by Germany with 4 560 GWh (28.6% of total). In 2003, 20 467 GWh of electricity were generated from non-renewable municipal waste. The largest producers are Germany and the Netherlands, supplying 2 162 GWh and 1 393 GWh respectively. Other


large producers are Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Belgium. It should be noted that this information might be distorted because many countries (including the largest municipal waste producers, the United States and Japan) do not report renewable and non-renewable municipal wastes separately.

Installed Generating Capacity In 2003, OECD countries reported 496.1 GW of installed capacity fuelled by renewable sources (excluding hydro pumped storage and industrial waste, but including non-renewable municipal waste capacity). Approximately 18% of total OECD capacity was accounted for by renewable energy sources. Figure 11: OECD Generating Capacity 2003*

As for wind, the large majority of wind capacity is located in Germany, Spain, Denmark and the United States, with Germany having more than 40% of the total capacity installed in the OECD. Figure 12: OECD Wind Capacity 2003

Natural Gas 30.8% Oil 7.2% Renew ables 19.5%

Coal 27.4%

343.3 GW of plants were hydroelectric (excluding pumped storage), 35.3 GW wind, 16.1 GW solid biomass, 7.6 GW municipal waste, 4.9 GW geothermal, 3.2 GW gas from biomass, 0.9 GW solar photovoltaic, 0.1 GW solar thermal, and 0.3 GW tide, wave, and ocean power. 0.9 GW of plants are fired by industrial waste. Pumped storage capacity represented 84.3 GW. As developments in production for the various renewable energy sources in the Electricity Production section suggest, growth of capacity has been strongest in the wind and solar power sectors and these two markets are heavily concentrated.

Nuclear 15.1%

Hydro 16.4%

Other 14.2%

Combustible Renew ables and Waste 1.1% Other Renew ables* 2.1%

*IEA estimates where 2003 detailed capacity data not available. **Other Renewables: Geothermal, Wind, Solar, Tide.

Denmark 10.3%

Germany 42.7%

Spain 17.1%

United States 15.7%



VARIABILITY OF WIND POWER AND OTHER RENEWABLES – MANAGEMENT OPTIONS AND STRATEGIES The following text is from Variability of Wind Power and other Renewables - Management Options and Strategies, an IEA Working Paper by Timur Gül and Till Stenzel. The Executive Summary of the paper and an extract describing Options for Managing Intermittency are provided here to acquaint readers of Renewables Information with ongoing policy work at the IEA.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This working paper links the current debate about the ‘intermittency’ of wind power into the wider context of natural cycles of resource availability of all renewable energy technologies. It investigates whether there are limits to the market penetration of renewable energy technologies due to these cycles and it discusses some of the economic implications and outlines key cost variables. In the case of mature renewable energy technologies such as hydro power and biomass, cycles are well understood and managed. ‘New’ renewable energy technologies such as wind power or solar photovoltaic have surfaced prominently in recent discussions among policymakers, researchers and the media for two main reasons: Firstly, rapid growth of these technologies, especially wind power, has led to significant market share in some countries within a short timeframe, thus magnifying grid integration issues. Secondly, these technologies introduce a new characteristic – natural cycles – in that they can fluctuate over short timescales intra-day and intra-hour which requires

different management strategies than those previously established. The paper analyses how this affects the possibility of integrating renewables into electricity grids on a larger scale. This review comes to the conclusion that a number of measures are necessary to integrate wind energy and other renewables into modern electricity grids, even though the fundamental technical principles are not new. The geographical aggregation of generators such as wind turbines reduces the volatility of output, while improved forecasting methods will make it more predictable. Both aspects are already widely used in electricity markets. Furthermore, careful attention needs to be paid to the provision of backup and reserve capacities and the timely extension of transmission and distribution grids in order to ensure system stability at all times. In particular, transboundary electricity exchange is going to play an increasing role which will have to be assessed. Although these issues are also central to market liberalisation and security of supply concerns, they will become even more important with increasing market penetration of wind power. Finally, as each renewable energy technology fluctuates over a different time-scale, important gains from the complementarity of these cycles can be achieved. Beyond the above mentioned technical issues, the extent to which the intermittency of natural resources will become a barrier to renewables is mainly a question of economics and market organisation. Grid extensions and the provision of reserves which are attributable to wind power come at costs


18 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) PART I

which have to be taken into account when considering the overall economics of wind power. The precise costs depend on a number of factors, including the level of market penetration of wind power, the availability of the renewable resource, the state of the existing grid and current technology mix. Transparent, interconnected and well-functioning markets help to minimise these grid integration costs. This may require structural adaptation in some cases. In this context, market gate closure times between final declaration of forecasted generation and actual usage play an important role; weather forecasting and modelling techniques become more precise the closer they are to real time, so shorter gate closure times would allow for more precise output estimates and thus better grid management. Currently, some markets are still designed with long gate closure times which impose additional economic costs which are not necessarily based on technical needs. Taking this into account produces the right incentives for the development of a portfolio of options to manage intermittency, including flexible new plants, storage technologies, distributed generation and demand-side response techniques. This paper reviews and draws together the existing literature from a number of countries and puts it into the context of the current debate. It presents the current thinking on the technical and policy implications of variable electricity supply from renewable energy sources and offers insights and methodological guidance for interested parties who want to assess these issues within their own national circumstances. The extract from Chapter 3 reprinted below focuses on the currently prominent example of the integration of wind power into electricity grids and outlines options for grid management, reserves and policy.

OPTIONS FOR MANAGING INTERMITTENCY The impact of intermittency on the electricity grid can be mitigated by grid integration, geographic and technical distribution of generators and improved weather forecasting techniques. These techniques allow for a higher predictability of likely wind output, reducing the unpredictability element in the natural fluctuation to a minimum. Nevertheless, the


residual unpredictability and the general variability have to be addressed. Thus, this section outlines the various options for managing intermittency. The principal tools for this are the operational and capacity reserve, responding to short- to medium-term and long-term variability respectively. The short-term volatility and unpredictability of wind can be minimised to an extent where it disappears in the general fluctuation of the system. Thus, for the future grid integration of wind power, the provision of flexible capacity reserve will become one of the key variables, reflecting the fact that even large wind capacity numbers will face climatic conditions where there is no or little wind. This is also one of the most important cost variables when considering the long-term integration of wind power into electricity grids. From a policy point of view, there is a need to analyse which are the least-cost options system-wide in each case and furthermore, whether market participants are facing the right incentive structure to exploit those opportunities. The list of options presented below should not be considered exhaustive nor should it be understood as an attempt to preempt any market decisions. The six main options currently discussed are: •

power plants providing operational and capacity reserve

•

electricity storage

•

interconnection with other grid systems

•

distributed generation

•

demand-side response

•

curtailment of intermittent technology

The principle behind all these options is the same – balancing demand and supply continuously both over long-term timeframes and, where necessary, backing up other capacity within very short lead times. It is likely that in future electricity markets no single option will provide all the balancing services and that a combination of the above will be operating in parallel. Choosing between these options, the tradeoffs need to be clearly spelt out. Ideally, a market can be envisaged where all potential options can bid and the least-cost solution for each point in time is thus selected.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) PART I - 19

1. Power Plants providing Operational and Capacity Reserve This is the most frequently cited option in the literature and has often been used as a benchmark to calculate the extra costs of integrating intermittent generation into the system both over short- and longterm timeframes. Using power plants for balancing services is a well known and tested ancillary service in electricity systems. In today’s grids, it is typically met by flexible plants with relatively short response times. Depending on national circumstances, these could be open-cycle gas turbines (OCGT) but also steam-fired power plants like coal and oil running at below full capacity. A market for capacity reserves per se is not likely to open in many countries. They will expect to be operating similarly to peaking plants, but depending on the availability of natural resources for the renewable technologies used, can expect about 4000 to 5000 operating hours a year. The costs for capacity reserves will be determined alongside the regular market development but are likely to show up in reduced capacity factors of conventional plants and a preference in technology choice for plants which provide increased flexibility in operation. The World Energy Outlook 2004 (IEA 2004) forecasts a bigger role for combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGT) in electricity supply, although coal-fired power stations will retain their dominant position globally. Overall, in terms of commercial availability, cost competitiveness and ease of system integration, power plants are state of the art for providing the necessary ancillary services for intermittent wind generation in most countries and are certainly the most tried and time-tested from the point of view of the system operator.

commercially available storage technology that operates on today’s electricity grids. The main reason is that large-scale grid integration replaces to a certain extent the function of storage, as discussed in the previous sections. Storage systems within the grid have to compete against other technologies for the operational reserve services they can provide, and there is no a priori advantage to storage systems over generators for example. Only hydro storage systems have a long history of utilisation and are thus well established in today’s markets. Certain storage systems such as flywheels and certain battery types could become viable to provide specific support services for renewables in the frame of bridging very short-term output fluctuations (less than one minute) which also has the advantage of minimising the impact of power quality issues. One fundamental problem with storage is that where energy is converted from one type to another, conversion losses and thus inefficiencies are inevitably incurred; see Table 1 below for details. This is true for batteries and hydrogen fuel cells (where electrical energy is converted to chemical energy storage) and flywheels (where electrical energy is converted to kinetic energy). Table 1: Various storage technologies and typical technical performance Storage Technology Pumped Hydro Station Compressed Air Storage Flywheel Conventional Batteries Flow Battery Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Typical RoundTrip Efficiency ~80% ~75% ~90% ~50% - ~90% ~70% ~40%

Typical Capacity >100 MW - >1000 MW >50 MW - >100 MW >1 kW >50 Kw >1kW >10 MW ~15MW >50 kW - > 1 MW

2. Storage Hydro storage facilities, whether in the form of pumped hydro or hydro reservoirs, have played a key role in many countries in providing several grid balancing services. Their advantages are the potential for large-scale electricity storage (>1000MW capacity, depending on location), fast response times and relatively low operating costs. A fully loaded hydro facility can replace a conventional power station for several hours if need be. However, beyond hydro technologies, there has been very little

Depending on available locations another viable form of storage is compressed air, which is stored in geologic structures under the ground and released when necessary. Typical sites for such projects could include disused coal mines or salt domes. A number of projects have been developed in the USA and Europe for the purpose of ‘peak shaving’, whereby potential energy is built up in periods when demand is low and released during hours of peak demand.



Batteries are typically operated on small-scale systems, and no commercially viable solution for largescale battery storage has been demonstrated to the market yet. The UK company Innogy announced in 2001 the development of a ‘flow-battery’ labelled ‘Regenesys’, which was hoped to bridge this gap with a power rating of 15MW and storage capacity of 120MWh, but the project was cancelled by Innogy in 2003, apparently for technical reasons. Still, batteries could play a role for intermittent renewables in smoothing short-term fluctuations, thus providing more stable energy in the intra-minute period. In the long run, there is speculation as to whether hydrogen storage might become a viable option on different scales. However, currently high costs and relatively poor round-trip efficiency is preventing wider market penetration. Flywheels are a kinetic storage option. Again, this technology is of interest primarily as a short-term buffer to smooth local output fluctuations from a wind farm or photovoltaic array. It can remove the need for more expensive power electronics downstream to smooth such fluctuations and thus improve overall cost efficiency. Overall, in the absence of a major technological breakthrough, storage in mature large scale power systems will only play a minor role in the short term, apart from hydro and compressed air storage. Besides, technologies for bridging short-term power fluctuations such as flywheels or batteries may only gain importance at higher than current wind penetration levels. Most IEA countries’ existing operating reserves are sufficient to absorb current levels of fluctuation. However, the development of renewables and market liberalisation itself could act as powerful incentives to intensify R&D efforts in this field. Experience from the Eltra system in Denmark suggests that spot prices can fall to zero or could even become negative in the future where there is a high penetration of intermittent renewables along with combined heat and power (CHP) plants. In other words, there are times of the day when the market offers to pay a storage-device operator to take up some electricity from the market. This can consequently be sold back to the market once prices return to positive again. Another example is differential pricing between base load and peak load which could be exploited by storage systems that charge during the cheap night-time period and


release energy when demand is peaking and prices are high. As renewables penetration in the markets increases, the need for operational reserves become more important and could furthermore act as an incentive. Also, the full pricing of emissions of conventional reserve providing backup capacity would improve the relative economics of storage as an alternative.

3. Interconnection with other Grids As mentioned earlier, one reason why the western Danish grid can handle a high proportion of wind power very well is that it has good interconnectors with the Swedish, Norwegian and German grid and thus, for example, access to Norwegian hydro power as reserve capacity. The Scandinavian ‘Nord Pool’ electricity market was established in 1996. One of the drivers for its establishment was the difference in generation mix, with Norway depending largely on hydro power, Sweden on a mix of hydro power and nuclear power, Denmark on thermal power plants and wind only emerging. ‘Nord Pool’ market participants trade power contracts for next-day physical delivery on a spot market, and on separate futures markets. The benefit for a country like Denmark, generating some 20% of its electricity from wind power, is apparent: Denmark can trade wind power on the spot market in times of excess supply, and if this cannot be used at the time of production elsewhere in the market, it can be stored in hydro power storage facilities, i.e. in Norway. In turn, Danish operators can purchase extra electricity on the ‘Nord Pool’ market at times of low wind generation. The connection to the ‘Nord Pool’ market, together with the rather unique situation of strong interconnections to Germany, allows Denmark to balance the high penetration of wind power. Comparing Danish wind penetration levels to other countries such as Spain, where the system operator claims 17% of wind penetration to be the upper limit, is therefore to some extent misleading. However, it reflects (among other factors) the importance of interconnection to other grids, as Spain is only poorly connected to its neighbours. A new Iberian pool (‘MIBEL’) will improve management of the strong interconnection between Spain and Portugal but for the moment physical transmission between Spain and France remains relatively weak.


However, the high concentration of wind power in northern Germany and its proximity to the Danish grid with a similarly high share of wind capacity on the system can pose threats to systems despite good interconnection to the neighbouring countries. This is due to the fact that transmission grids were not originally developed to accommodate increasingly large amounts of wind energy and associated crossborder trade. According to the Dutch system operator, this has led to a few events where transmission capacity between Germany and its Western neighbours in the Netherlands, Belgium and France was seriously congested and system stability was threatened. Some of these events occurred when wind output in both Germany and Denmark was high at times of low demand, thus exporting excess energy into neighbouring grids. Alternatively, at times of low output and high demand, additional energy was imported from France. This highlights not only the need for further transmission grid development, including strengthening and upgrading existing lines, but also the fact that interconnection is only one – though clearly very important – measure in the portfolio of options to integrate wind power successfully. Failure to develop grids concomitantly to intermittent resources such as wind power is likely to threaten system stability. Furthermore and critically, planning new grid capacity is a time-consuming process and building new transmission lines comes at additional cost. Initial capital outlays can add up to hundreds of millions of euros of investment and regular maintenance is required once these assets are installed. More importantly, planning procedures in many IEA countries can take between 3 and 10 years, which means grid extensions cannot be realised without significant lead times. In general, interconnection of grids is also frequently seen as an important step towards improved competition and full market liberalisation, for example in Europe and North America. Resources to power both renewable energy sources and conventional power plants are unevenly distributed and available across different power grids, thus limiting the options available on any one grid. Interconnection increases the number of available options and therefore provides significant value as lower cost balancing power stations can be accessed or even be shared. This allows for a more efficient deployment of resources and can also contribute to system security.

Nevertheless, major interconnection plans are currently being discussed, linking for example Norway and the Netherlands through a sub-sea High-Voltage DC (HVDC) cable. The major driver here is better utilisation of resources, gains from market competition and trade and increased security of supply. Norway holds significant resources of hydro power which it will be able to utilise more efficiently when linked in with the Dutch and thus the continental electricity grid. It also serves as a further reserve option for the Norwegian grid in case of hydro resource shortages. New technology such as HVDC will improve power flow and reduce losses and costs. Underground cabling is investigated as an alternative to overhead power lines on land as well to circumvent lengthy planning procedures, but this significantly adds to the costs. The EU has a priority plan for interconnecting its member states’ electricity grids. The World Energy Outlook 2004 (IEA 2004) forecasts that electricity markets in the OECD countries alone will need investments of $1.8 trillion in transmission and distribution networks in the period to 2030. This is merely to keep up with expected demand growth and to upgrade aging assets. A forward-looking policy could integrate these investment needs with renewable energy related investments and thus create an integrated strategy to face future challenges in the areas of transmission, distribution and interconnection.

4. Distributed Generation The IEA/OECD publication Distributed Generation in Liberalised Electricity Markets (2002:19) defines distributed generation (DG) as “… generating plant serving a customer on-site or providing support to a distribution network, connected to the grid at distribution-level voltages.” DG can provide significant system benefits for local distribution companies by relieving congestion, reducing transmission losses and delivering ancillary services to the system. Thus, DG could provide both fast and longer-term reserve requirements to the grid on a regional level as an alternative to large-scale power plants. One of the most frequently cited DG options is CHP plants, which produce heat much like a conventional boiler but also produce electricity at the same time, thus increasing the efficiency of fuel use. This is utilised in colder climates such as Scandinavia for example, where electricity demand is higher in winter and



load increases are typically greatest in the morning at the same time as heat demand picks up. However, there currently exist a number of barriers to a wider integration of DG into electricity grids. One important area is information exchange. Distributed Generation in Liberalised Electricity Markets (2002:98) notes: “If networks are managed in a decentralised way, for example with individual customers responding to the needs of the local network, they will require a greatly increased flow of information to ensure smooth operation of the system. The distribution utility of the future will need to be in a position to provide information, and to monitor and control its own system in a more sophisticated manner.” Similar requirements could become important to operate a greater number of renewables such as wind farms in an efficient way. Thus in this area, DG and intermittency may have similar requirements for future grid operations and upgrades.

5. Demand Side Response In some ways, Demand Side Response (DSR) has been the great enigma of electricity policy. The idea behind DSR is that electricity produced at different times of the day has different values, as can be witnessed by the price differential between base and peak load power on the wholesale market. If the marginal peak load price is higher than the value that a customer gets out of the services derived from the electricity delivered at peak times, he/she would be willing to switch off his/her electric appliances if paid the peak price or slightly less instead. A grid operator is indifferent between paying a power producer to supply more output and paying the same amount to a customer to switch of his/her electric appliances instead, as both provide the identical balancing service. In principle, market mechanisms can be devised for such a market and DSR could be an important aspect of load management both to cope with peak demand and with intermittency. DSR makes the demand curve for electricity more elastic and thus sensitive to price changes which will reduce the need for reserves in an electricity market, ceteris paribus. In practice however, contributions from DSR in many countries have so far been relatively small, with some exceptions such as Norway. It is however


unclear whether this is due to electricity users’ marginal valuation of electricity being too high to stay connected even at high prices, or whether there are transaction costs or informational barriers to access such a market. It is also proposed that participants in DSR use on-site distributed generation technologies to replace the supply from the grid. However, for such switching to become automatic, electronic communication and an increased flow of information will be necessary. While households would be another attractive target for DSR, their electricity bill is often only a small fraction of total household spending which provides only a small incentive. However, aggregation or ‘consolidation’ service providers that represent a bundle of households at the wholesale market could explore this market niche.

6. Curtailment of Wind Farms Recently, with the expansion of wind farms offshore, curtailment of intermittent technologies has become a further option to cope with system variability. Large wind farms, with a significant number of megawatt-sized turbines can in principle provide the same ancillary services that conventional generators offer today. Switching off some wind turbines for operational reserve or running them at reduced output becomes a realistic option with modern large-scale wind farms. Associated requirements are emerging in some Grid Code documents for wind generation which Transmission System Operators are developing or publishing at the moment. Wind turbine manufacturers are investing in the associated technology as part of their business. In addition, modern wind turbine control technology can further smooth sudden bursts and even out short-term fluctuations. Reducing output from a source that produces at almost zero marginal costs might sound unattractive. But the flexibility offered by wind turbines can be very valuable for an electricity system, as the alternative of shutting down or part-loading coal and combined cycle gas turbines implies higher energy and maintenance costs for subsequently heating them up. Therefore, tariff systems or contractual arrangements are required to ensure that wind turbine owners benefit from the system savings they can provide with a flexible operation of their turbines.


Summary of Options The resulting mix of options is likely to vary between different national grids. For example, where hydro power is available as operational reserve, this is likely to be the predominant choice since it has been proven as very flexible at low prices for these services. Grids with a high proportion of gas-fired power plants might be more reliant on this technology again for its desirable characteristics. Greater interconnection between grids would allow for a greater availability of least-cost options on a wider geographic scale while further mitigating the impact of intermittency. On the other hand, this will probably require increased long-distance transportation of electricity with associated transmission losses and investment requirements for grid upgrades.

In any case, when choosing between the different options the tradeoffs have to be visible in the market for it to deliver a least-cost solution. However, this is often not the case. For example, many grids do not see distributed generation as dispatchable and thus cannot obtain the potential benefits from this option. Without differential pricing at different times of the day, storage systems and demand side responses will not be economical. To upgrade grids and increase the interconnection between them, large-scale investments are often required but at present there is often no clear regulatory incentive for those who benefit from these investments to meet a share of the costs. ___________________ The full text of this Working Paper is available through the Energy Information Centre of the IEA website at www.iea.org.


RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) PART II - 25

PART II OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE GRAPHS AND DATA



DIRECTORY OF PART II TABLES Part II of Renewables Information contains detailed statistical information on renewable and waste products for the 30 member countries of the OECD and for OECD/IEA regional aggregates. The tables of regional aggregates are presented before the country tables, which are set out in alphabetical order. A full list of the tables is set out below. It should be noted that not all tables are shown for all countries. 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Products 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources 4. Gross Heat Production from Renewable Sources 5. Primary Energy Supply, Transformation and Final Consumption of Renewable Products Table 1 provides a set of main indicators for each OECD aggregate and Member country such as TPES, percentage of renewables, GDP, population, electricity generation and the share of electricity produced from renewable products. Table 2 shows a comprehensive status of net electrical capacity by type of fuel, as well as solar collectors surface.

Table 3 and Table 4 present gross electricity and heat production respectively from each of the renewable and waste sources as well as the breakdown according to the type of plant (electricity only, CHP or heat only plants). In Table 5, a short balance for different products is shown. These products are: geothermal, solar thermal, industrial waste, renewable and non-renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, gas from biomass and liquid biofuels. In this publication, the balance consists of the following five flows only: production, net imports, miscellaneous to balance, transformation sector and final energy consumption. The CD-ROM and online database provide more details in accordance with available information from national administrations. Interpreting energy data and comparing statistics between countries is made difficult by differences in definitions used by countries in the collection and reporting of data. In the following section, Principles and Definitions, such differences are explained. The conventions used by the Secretariat in presenting energy data are also reported. In particular, readers are advised to read the country notes for historical data. Conversion factors and exchange rates are also included for reference.



1. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS The following section is structured as follow: I II III IV

General Notes Data Sources Units and Conversions Notes on Energy Sources and Flows

I General Notes This publication is the fourth edition of Renewables Information. Energy data for OECD countries are submitted by all OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat in a common reporting format and methodology to allow international comparison. Even though data quality improves with each new edition due to the continuous efforts of the IEA in partnership with national administrations, it is important to highlight once again that the published time series often have breaks. Difficulties remain in the collection of some renewable statistics and coverage between countries. For example, one continuing problem is the breakdown between renewable municipal waste and nonrenewable municipal waste. The breakdown is important because most countries include the renewable (biodegradable) part of municipal waste in their renewables definition, while they exclude the remainder. Furthermore, the non-renewable component is counted when calculating CO2 emissions. Data collection from off-grid systems that work independently or are connected to a local distribution system also remains a problem. These systems are frequently omitted in national statistics due to difficulties in capturing these data. For example, this

plays a major role in the solar energy sector, where for a number of countries, production and capacity are likely to be considerably higher than indicated in this publication. One general issue regarding renewables is the variety of definitions used by national and international bodies, some of which include specific renewables technologies such as large hydro, geothermal, peat, municipal waste or industrial waste while others exclude them. Similarly, some studies do not include non-commercial biomass in developing countries while others do. The Renewable Energy Working Party of the International Energy Agency set down the following broad definition: “Renewable Energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Therefore, in this publication the renewable products are: hydro (large, medium and small), geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biomass, gases from biomass, liquid biofuels and renewable municipal waste. It follows that total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, nonspecified combustible renewables and waste, waste heat, net heat ‘created’ due to heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. While some OECD member countries accept industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste as


30 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2005 Edition) PART II

renewable energy sources, many countries exclude them on the grounds that they are not biodegradable. Under IEA methodology, industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste are excluded from the definition of renewable energy sources. However, these data are included in this publication in order to account for the full range of statistics collected in the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire. A division into renewable and non-renewable municipal waste exists only from 1999 and is often based on estimates. Similarly, in some countries industrial waste statistics are not of the same quality as those for other products, because renewables and waste data collection systems were not in place in many countries in the early 1990s. Non-commercial biomass is included in our definition, but data are not always complete. Electricity from fuel cells using hydrogen from renewable sources as well as non-renewables fuel cells is not included in this publication due to lack of reliable information. Energy flows data reported for 2004 (shown as 2004e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2005 and on monthly submissions to the IEA from Member countries. Special attention should also be given to the percentage of renewables over TPES in countries where the net trade of electricity is large and represents a significant percentage. In these cases, the high net imports or exports of electricity can heavily influence upward or downwards the percentage of renewables in TPES. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries.

II Data Sources

newable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, liquid biofuels, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean, non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes electricity and heat production from renewable sources and supply/demand balances of renewable and waste products. The main data from this system are published annually in this publication. ii) IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producer (formerly public) and autoproducer plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information. iii) IEA/OECD Energy Balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics systems of the IEA. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found. iv) OECD Main Economic Indicators OECD Main Economic Indicators is a monthly compilation of a range of indicators on recent economic developments for the 30 OECD Member countries. Please refer to this publication for detailed notes regarding the selected indicators.

Latest Year Data: 2004 Historical Data (1990-2003) The annual historical data in Part II of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries. i) IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydro, solid biomass, geothermal, re-


Energy data reported for 2004 in this publication are submitted to the Secretariat by Member countries as preliminary data and are shown in this book as 2004e. Final 2004 data on renewables and wastes will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in Annual Questionnaires in late 2005. As a result, final data for 2004 and preliminary 2005 data will be published in the 2006 edition of Renewables Information.


III Units and Conversions

Heat

Conversion (to toe)

Information on heat is supplied in Terajoules (TJ). 1 TJ = 2.388 x 10-5 Mtoe

All units in this publication are metric units. Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the tonne of oil equivalent (toe). A tonne of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one tonne of average crude oil. This unit is used by the IEA/OECD in its energy balances. Note also that totals may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between the net and the gross calorific value for each fuel is the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. Electricity data are converted from original units of gigawatt hours to million tonnes of oil equivalent using the relationship: 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Complete listings of net calorific values to convert energy sources from basic units to tons of oil equivalent are reported in section IV and can be found at the end of this Chapter.

In the case of geothermal heat, the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an average thermal efficiency of 50 per cent, when the geothermal energy input is not submitted by a country. 1 TJ = (2.388 x 10-5 ÷ 0.5) Mtoe

IV Notes on Energy Sources and Flows Collection of the data presents national governments with some unique challenges. Renewable energy systems tend to be smaller than conventional systems, and harder to track. Operators tend to be more diverse and more numerous. Many systems are connected to the grid at the distribution level, rather than at the transmission level, and so do not require interconnection permits. National governments are now seeking to improve data collection methods to reflect the nature of renewable energies. In general, the dispersion of renewables and waste production, specifically off-grid production (such as domestic solar collectors and/or small wind turbines), creates transparency and measurement problems. Thus, the nature and structure of the renewable energy market impedes data quality and reliability when compared to that of the traditional fossil fuels, which are mainly produced in grid-connected plants.

Electricity and Heat Electricity All electricity data are reported to the IEA in GWh or MW (for capacity). Figures for the energy equivalent of electricity production and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Hydro electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10 per cent when the geothermal energy input is not submitted by a country. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe

Gross Electricity Production Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station; it therefore includes the energy taken by station auxiliaries and losses in transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Hydro stations' production includes production from pumped storage plants unless stated otherwise. Fuel consumption in combustible fuel-fired power plants is split into three types of plants (electricity, CHP and heat). These are defined as follows:

Types of Plants Electricity Plants refers to plants which are designed to produce electricity only.



Combined Heat and Power Plants (CHP) refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations).

countries and thus aggregated country data should be used with caution.

Heat Plants refers to plants which are designed to produce heat only.

Primary Production

Heat delivered from CHP or Heat plants may be used for process or space heating purposes in any sector of economic activity including the residential sector. It should be noted that the reporting of data on fuel use and electricity and heat production according to plant type is normally conducted at the level of the plant, assuming that if a plant comprises at least one CHP unit then the entire plant is considered a CHP plant.

Net Maximum Capacity at Peak Period Net maximum capacity is defined as the sum of net maximum capacities of all stations taken individually at a given period of operation. It is the maximum power assumed to be solely active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all plants running, at the point of outlet to the network. It is assumed that all equipment is in full working order, that the power produced can be disposed of without any restrictions and that optimum conditions prevail as regards primary sources (i.e. flow and head in the case of hydro plants; grades and quantity of fuel in hand and water supply, temperature and purity, in the case of combustible fuel-fired plants and assuming that the output and method of production in CHP plants are those which lend to maximum electricity production). The period of operation assumed for present purposes is continuous running: in practice 15 hours or more per day. The capacity is net in the sense that it is the output capacity measured at the station busbars, i.e. after deducting the power consumed by station auxiliaries and losses in station transformers. Gross Heat Production Data collected on heat has been expanded to obtain more disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of CHP plants and of Heat only plants. Data on heat become available in different years for different


Supply, Transformation and Consumption Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and wastes, geothermal or solar thermal. Production is calculated after removal of impurities. Net Imports Net imports are the sum of total imports minus total exports. Amounts of electricity are considered imported or exported when they have crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country. If electricity is “wheeled” or transited through a country, the amount is shown as both an import and an export. Miscellaneous to Balance Miscellaneous to balance includes statistical difference, stock changes, energy consumed in the energy sector and distribution losses. Transformation Sector The transformation sector comprises the conversion of primary forms of energy to secondary forms as well as further transformation processes. Final Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors (industry, transport and other).

Products Hydro Hydro refers to potential and kinetic energy of water converted into electricity in hydroelectric plants. Hydro includes output from pumped storage plants. Geothermal Energy available as heat emitted from within the earth's crust, usually in the form of hot water or steam. It is used for electricity generation, heat production for sale to third parties or directly as heat in its primary form.


Electricity Output: For electricity generation, unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal process is known or submitted by the national administration, the quantity of geothermal energy input for electricity generation is inferred from the electricity production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 10%. Heat Sold: For heat produced and sold to a third party, unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal process is known or submitted by the national administration, the quantity of geothermal energy input for heat production is inferred from the heat production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 50%. Final Energy Consumption: Directly used as heat for district heating, agriculture or greenhouses. Solar Solar photovoltaic and thermal transformation inputs into electricity and heat production are estimated on the basis of 100% efficiency (based on the IEA methodology that the first energy form downstream in the production energy is considered the primary supply). Passive solar energy for direct heating, cooling or lighting of dwellings or other buildings is not included.

Solar Photovoltaic This is solar radiation exploited for electricity generation by photovoltaic cells.

Solar Thermal This is solar radiation exploited for hot water production and/or electricity generation by flat plate collectors or solar thermal-electric plants. Tide / Wave / Ocean Mechanical energy derived from tidal movement, wave motion or ocean current and exploited for electricity generation.

specialised plants, to produce heat and/or power and that are not reported in the category solid biomass. Renewable Municipal Waste Renewable municipal waste consists of the biodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or power. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including biodegradable hospital waste. Non-Renewable Municipal Waste Non-renewable municipal waste consists of the nonbiodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or power. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including non-biodegradable hospital waste. Solid Biomass Biomass is defined as any plant matter used directly as fuel or converted into other forms before combustion. Included are wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for energy production), animal materials/wastes, sulphite lyes (also known as black liquor, this is a sludge that contains the lignin digested from wood for paper making) and other solid biomass. Charcoal produced is also included here. Since charcoal is a secondary product, its treatment is slightly different than that of the other primary biomass. Production of charcoal (an output in the transformation process) is offset by the inputs of primary biomass into the charcoal production process. The losses from this process are included in the transformation sector. Other supply (e.g. trade and stock changes) as well as consumption are aggregated directly with the primary biomass. In some countries, only primary biomass is reported.

Wind Kinetic energy of wind exploited for electricity generation in wind turbines. Industrial Waste Industrial waste (e.g. tyres) consists of solid, liquid or gaseous products combusted directly, usually in

Gas from Biomass Biogas is derived principally from the anaerobic fermentation of biomass and solid wastes and is combusted to produce heat and/or power. Included in this category are landfill gas and sludge gas (sewage gas and gas from animal slurries) and other biogas.



Liquid Biomass Liquid biomass includes fuels and bioadditives such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethanol and biodimethylether. Non-Specified Combustible Renewables and Waste Non-specified combustible renewables and waste is associated with one or more of the following four


products: industrial waste, municipal waste, solid biomass or biogas. Energy sources are reported as non-specified when national administrations are unable to break down the data into the different products (especially in earlier years of the time series), or when data are confidential.


2. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,

Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States. OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. IEA regional totals are as above but exclude the non-IEA Members Iceland, Mexico, Poland and the Slovak Republic. European Union – 15 comprises Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. European Union – 19 is as above but includes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic.



3. COUNTRY NOTES General Notes The notes given below refer to data for the years 1990 to 2004 and cover the summary tables at the back of the book, as well as the information on CDROM and the online data service. These series show data from 1990 to 2004, due to limited availability of data prior to that year. For Australia, Japan and New Zealand (prior to 1994) electricity data refer to fiscal years.

The federal authorities are changing their method of collecting data: The operators in the relevant sectors are to be surveyed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs according to a survey based on that of the IEA. The Institut de Conseil et d’Études en Développement Durable will continue to provide complementary information. Due to this ongoing change, preliminary data for 2004 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

Canada

Australia

Only gross maximum electrical capacity is available.

Australia excludes the overseas territories.

Inputs of combustible renewables and waste to autoproducer plants generating electricity are estimated by the Canadian administration.

Biogas production at sewage treatment plants is unavailable. Prior to 1995, electricity production from biogas existed but was not reported. A different industry consumption breakdown is available from 1996 and leads to breaks in series. Inputs of solid biomass to CHP plants are estimated by the Secretariat until 1999.

Austria Due to a new survey implemented by the Austrian administration this year, the time series for all fuels have been recalculated.

The IEA Secretariat has estimated the data for municipal waste, industrial waste, biogas and liquid biomass (ethanol) from 1990 to 2003 based on a range of sources. In addition, all preliminary data for 2004 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

Czech Republic Data from 1993 onwards have been officially submitted by the Czech administration. This may lead to breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. For example, the breakdown of generating capacity is not available prior to 1993.

Data for solar photovoltaic are available from 1993 and for wind from 1995.

Solid biomass inputs to main activity producer electricity plants and CHP plants include industrial waste and biogas for 1995 and 1996.

Belgium

Data on biogas used in main activity producer CHP and autoproducer heat plants start in 1997.

Some electricity production from CHP plants is included in electricity plants.

Data for municipal waste and liquid biofuels become available in 1999.



The restructuring of the Czech electricity market leads to breaks in the time series in all sectors between 1998 and 2000. New survey systems cause breaks in final consumption in 1999 and in 2002. Breaks in both supply and consumption of combustible renewables and waste occur again in 2003.

Denmark Denmark excludes Greenland.

the

Danish

Faroes

and

Fish oil used in heat plants is included with solid biomass. Electricity consumption in non-specified energy sectors includes consumption in district heating plants and use for the distribution of electricity.

Finland Prior to 1992, outputs from the use of combustible renewables and waste to generate electricity and/or heat were included in coal and cannot be reported individually here. There is a break in series between 1991 and 1992 for municipal waste data. Before 1993, all wood electricity production is allocated to CHP plants. Data for biogas and industrial waste are available from 1996. Heat output from autoproducer CHP plants become available in 1996.

All heat production has been included in CHP plants. GDP figures prior to 1991 are based on conversions made by the German Institute for Economic Research (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) and the former Statistical Office of the GDR (Statistisches Amt der DDR). These conversions are highly dependent on specific hypotheses and do not necessarily reflect economic realities. The German Federal Statistics Office reclassified some industrial branches which may cause a break in series in final consumption sub-sectors of industry between 1994 and 1995. The German administration started reporting near the surface geothermal energy in 1995, which leads to a break in time series with 1994, where only deep geothermal energy is reported. A new survey for renewables causes breaks in the time series between 1998 and 1999. In some instances, electricity generation from hydro, solar and wind in autoproducers electricity plants are confidential or non-available and therefore included in main activity producer electricity plants. The same applies to gas from biomass from 1999. The German administration submitted an incomplete annual questionnaire on renewables and waste for the years 2001 and 2002. As a consequence, the Secretariat estimated the missing data based on statistics published by the Federal Environment Ministry and data submitted in the Electricity and Heat questionnaire.

A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in series for most products and sectors between 1999 and 2000.

Electricity consumed in the energy sector is not available for small industrial plants in 2000, which may cause breaks in the time series.

France

2003 municipal waste data is estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St. Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Electricity production from wind is available from 1993.

Greece No heat production of solar heat is reported although it exists. Data on industrial waste are available from 1992.

Plants using municipal waste were reclassified as autoproducer CHP plants from 1995.

New information on solid biomass is available from 1996.

Germany

Hungary

Electricity production in electricity plants includes production from CHP plants.

Electricity and heat production from solid biomass autoproducer CHP plants is available from 1995.



Geothermal heat production from main activity producer heat plants is also available from 1995. The Hungarian administration reclassified some of their plants in 1996 and 2000 which may lead to breaks in time series. Data for biogas, wind, solar thermal direct use and industrial waste are available from 2001.

Iceland Electricity production from geothermal sources in CHP plants is available from 1992. Heat production from municipal wastes is available from 1993. In 1998, 60 MW of generating capacity was installed in a single geothermal CHP plant. Since the plant was inoperable for four months, production of geothermal heat decreased compared to 1997. The extra electricity capacity caused electricity production from geothermal to almost double over the same period.

Ireland

As the final set of new revisions prepared by the Japanese administration was received after the due date, they were not incorporated into this year's edition. These revisions will complement the revisions back to 1990 that were received for the 2004 edition and which concerned two main areas: better compliance with IEA methodology and a move from calendar to fiscal year: Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 2003 to March 2004 for 2003). Inputs to charcoal production have been estimated assuming an efficiency of 40%. CHP electricity production is included in electricity only plants. Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic is understated due to data unavailability. Heat production from geothermal and solar thermal sources is not reported. Data on the production of electricity from wind is available from 1993. Preliminary data for 2004 for Charcoal and Municipal Waste were estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

Electricity production from wind begins in 1992.

Korea

From 1993 to 1995, end-use consumption of gas from biomass is included in the transformation sector.

Heat data and data on pumped storage in electricity plants are available from 1991.

Italy

Before 1994, electricity production from main activity producer CHP plants is included with main activity producer electricity only plants.

Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Solid biomass capacity includes industrial waste capacity. Heat produced for sale (distributed heat) is not available and hence not officially reported to the IEA. Data on charcoal production and consumption are Secretariat estimates prior to 2000. From 2000 onwards, the Italian administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However, for the 2000 to 2002 period all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers.

The Korean administration is undertaking a study to improve its energy statistics reporting from 2003 onwards. This work is due to be completed by 2006. In the meantime, the Secretariat used information provided by the Korean administration to estimate heat production, solar photovoltaic, municipal waste and biogas for 2002 and 2003. This leads to breaks in heat production from industrial waste and municipal waste between 2001 and 2002. The Korean administration revised its estimate of solar collectors surface for 2002.

Luxembourg

Japan

Most of the hydro production shown for Luxembourg is from a pumped storage plant and is exported directly to Germany.

Japan includes Okinawa.

Data on solid biomass are available from 1992.



Electricity and heat production from gas from biomass are available from 1999.

Mexico Electricity production from wind is available from 1994. Data on electricity production from solid biomass and gas from biomass are available from 1998. Direct use of solar thermal and electricity production from solar PV is available from 1998. CRE (Comisión Reguladora de Energia) has published data for electricity generation by autoproducers since 1998.

Electricity production from wind is available from 1992. Heat production from biogas is available from 1995. Breaks in series between 1996 and 1997 are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. Growth in TPES in 2004 may not reflect the domestic situation because the oil production and export data reported to the IEA for 2002 to 2004 are under investigation by Statistics Norway. As a consequence, revisions to these data should be included in next year's edition of this publication.

Poland Netherlands The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. All electricity produced from combustible renewables and waste is included in CHP plants. This year, the time series for renewables and wastes were revised from 1990 according to a new reporting methodology used by the Dutch administration. Electricity production from solar photovoltaic is available from 1992. A new survey leads to breaks in series in the end-use consumption for solid biomass and biogas between 1998 and 1999.

New Zealand The series reported as industrial waste in previous editions represents industrial waste heat. The portion used to generate autoproducer electricity was correctly reported but the amounts consumed in the chemical industry should not have been included in production and consumption as well. From 1994, data refer to calendar year, which results in a break in series between 1993 and 1994. Electricity production by autoproducers from geothermal is available from 1995. In 1999, a reclassification of autoproducer plants leads to breaks in the time series.

Data for biogas refer only to the gas from fermentation of biomass. Data for industrial waste includes gaseous industrial waste. Due to changes in data availability, there is a large increase in solid biomass between 1992 and 1993. The Polish administration adopted new methodologies to estimate the production of heat sold in heat plants (1993) and in CHP plants (1995). This causes breaks in series for years from 1992 to 1995 for heat production and fuel inputs in these plants In the 2005 edition, biogas electricity production by main activity producers was reclassified as autoproducer production from 1995 to 2003. Some changes in the data collection process lead to breaks between 1996 and 1997. Before 2000, industrial wastes were used interchangeably with light fuel oil in some plants, which might result in breaks in the time series. Data on direct use of geothermal become available in 2000. Data on liquid biofuels is available starting in 2003.

Portugal Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Data on biogas are available from 1994. Data on municipal waste are available from 1999.

Norway Data for industrial waste and biogas are available from 1991.


Solid biomass consumption in the residential sector includes the non-commercial part of solid biomass consumed in households.


Slovak Republic The Slovak Republic joined the OECD on 14 December 2000. There may be some breaks in the series until the national administration has reviewed and finalised the time series currently in the IEA databases.

Heat production from solid biomass in autoproducer CHP includes waste heat. Heat production from solid biomass in auto CHP plants includes waste heat. Heat produced for sale in heat pumps is reported from 1992.

For example, the Slovak Republic is experiencing difficulties in determining the correct end-use classifications for the various elements of combustible renewables and waste. This results in consumption appearing in a given sector for only one year and then being reclassified in the next year. The Slovak Republic is planning to revise the time series.

Data for biogas also begins in 1992. Before 1992, it is included in solid biomass.

Until 2000, electricity statistics have been estimated by the Secretariat. From 1993, IEA estimates are based on direct submissions from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and the Power Research Institute (EGU) of Bratislava. This may lead to breaks in series between 1992 and 1993.

Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein.

From 1993 to 2000, the data reported in previous editions as gas works gas represent industrial waste used for electricity and heat production by main activity producers. Solid biomass supply and consumption data for 2000 are estimated by the Secretariat. Before 2001, municipal waste inputs are included in the transformation sector of solid biomass. Industrial waste, municipal waste, biogas, liquid biofuels and geothermal direct use data become available in 2001.

Spain Spain includes the Canary Islands. Data on direct use of solar and geothermal heat are available from 1994. A new reporting system leads to breaks in final consumption sectors between 1999 and 2000. In 2000, many plants are reclassified from main activity producer to autoproducer or vice versa.

Transformation data for industrial waste are not available prior to 1998.

Switzerland Several estimations were made by the IEA Secretariat on the basis of data contained in the IEA’s Electricity and Heat publication. Geothermal direct use is overstated as it refers to heat production by geothermal heat pumps, which include inputs from electricity and/or gas in the transformation process. Electricity production from wind and pumped storage by autoproducers is available from 1996. Before 1998, only net imports are reported for solid biomass.

Turkey The Turkish administration surveys renewables and wastes used for power and heat intermittently. Due to this fact, some breaks may appear in the combustible renewables and waste series. In 1995, the Turkish administration reclassified autoproducer plants by type and source to be consistent with IEA definitions. This causes breaks between 1994 and 1995 for electricity production. Electricity production from wind is available starting in 1998.

Sweden

Data for the transformation sector are estimated for municipal waste from 1998 and for solid biomass from 2002.

Autoproducer inputs to waste heat production that is sold are reported in the respective end-use sectors and not in the transformation sector.

The accuracy of data on inputs for industrial waste and sewage sludge gas is compromised by ongoing data collection problems.



United Kingdom Final consumption of industrial waste in commercial/public services includes hospital waste, which should be shown under municipal waste. Heat output, electricity production from solar and heat production from autoproducers are available from 1999.

United States United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. The Energy Information Administration collects generation and consumption data from all plants 1 MW or more in capacity. Heat production from solid biomass became available in 1991.


Data on industrial waste and gas from biomass became available in 1992. Data on liquid biomass became available in 1993. Solar thermal electricity production was overstated for the years prior to 1999 because it included electricity production from natural gas occurring in solar thermal power plants. The US introduced a new methodology for data from 1999. From 1999, independent power producers are included in main activity producers, leading to breaks in series between 1998 and 1999. In addition, because the US administration cannot distinguish between heat sold by autoproducers and heat used in the final consumption sector, all heat produced by autoproducers is included in final consumption from 1999 on. Capacity is net summer capacity.


4. CONVERSION FACTORS

General Conversion Factors for Energy To:

TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

From:

MBtu

GWh

947.8

0.2778

10

3.968

1.163 x 10

1

3.968 x 10

11630

1

2.931 x 10

3412

1

multiply by: 1

TJ

-5

238.8 -3

1

4

10

Gcal

4.1868 x 10

Mtoe

4.1868 x 10

2.388 x 10 -7

7

-3

-3

7

-8

MBtu

1.0551 x 10

0.252

2.52 x 10

GWh

3.6

860

8.6 x 10

-5

-4

Conversion Factors for Mass To:

kg

t

lt

From:

st

lb

multiply by: -4

-3

kilogramme (kg)

1

0.001

9.84 x 10

1.102 x 10

2.2046

tonne (t)

1000

1

0.984

1.1023

2204.6

long ton (lt)

1016

1.016

1

1.120

2240.0

short ton (st)

907.2

0.9072

pound (lb)

0.454

0.893 -4

4.54 x 10

1 -4

4.46 x 10

2000.0 -4

5.0 x 10

1



Conversion Factors for Volume To:

gal U.S.

gal U.K.

bbl

From:

ft

3

L

m

3

multiply by:

U.S. gallon (gal)

1

0.8327

0.02381

0.1337

3.785

0.0038

U.K. gallon (gal)

1.201

1

0.02859

0.1605

4.546

0.0045

Barrel (bbl)

42.0

34.97

1

5.615

159.0

0.159

Cubic foot (ft )

7.48

6.229

0.1781

1

28.3

0.0283

Litre (l)

0.2642

0.220

0.0063

0.0353

1

0.001

264.2

220.0

6.289

35.3147

1000.0

1

3

3

Cubic metre (m )

Decimal Prefixes 101

deca (da)

10-1

deci (d)

102

hecto (h)

10-2

centi (c)

103

kilo (k)

10-3

milli (m)

106

mega (M)

10-6

micro (µ)

109

giga (G)

10-9

nano (n)

1012

tera (T)

10-12

pico (p)

1015

peta (P)

10-15

femto (f)

1018

exa (E)

10-18

atto (a)



CONTRIBUTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TO TPES* (%) BY COUNTRY Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

OECD Total

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.7

-0.2

OECD North America

6.4

6.5

5.9

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.6

-1.1

OECD/IEA Pacific

4.1

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

-1.0

OECD Europe

5.6

6.2

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.8

1.3

IEA Total

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.6

-0.4

IEA North America

6.2

6.2

5.6

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.4

-1.1

IEA Europe

5.9

6.3

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.9

1.0

European Union - 15

4.8

5.1

5.7

5.8

5.6

5.8

6.0

1.5

European Union - 19

4.3

4.9

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.6

5.8

2.0

Australia Austria

5.8

5.9

5.8

6.0

6.0

5.7

5.4

-0.2

20.0

21.6

22.3

21.7

21.3

19.8

21.3

-0.1

Belgium

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

2.2

Canada

16.1

16.7

16.8

15.9

16.8

15.6

15.7

-0.2

0.3

1.5

1.5

1.7

2.1

2.6

2.9

19.5 5.4

Czech Republic

6.1

7.0

10.0

10.4

11.5

12.1

13.7

Finland

18.8

20.7

23.6

22.3

21.8

20.9

22.9

0.8

France

6.7

7.1

6.3

6.5

5.8

6.0

5.9

-0.9

Germany

1.5

1.8

2.6

2.8

3.1

3.2

3.9

6.1

Greece

5.0

5.5

5.0

4.6

4.8

5.2

5.2

0.3

Denmark

Hungary

1.6

2.3

1.9

1.8

3.3

3.4

3.6

5.8

Iceland

64.5

67.2

71.0

72.9

72.5

72.5

70.7

0.9

Ireland

1.6

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.7

1.8

0.5

Italy

4.4

4.8

5.8

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.9

1.9

Japan

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.4

-0.1

Korea

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

-0.3

Luxembourg

0.5

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

5.5

11.1

11.4

10.6

10.2

9.6

9.6

9.9

-1.1

Mexico Netherlands

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.9

4.5

New Zealand

34.6

32.6

28.3

25.9

28.1

27.9

29.7

-1.6

Norway

53.0

48.3

51.3

43.9

43.3

45.0

40.1

-1.2

Poland

1.6

3.9

4.3

4.5

4.6

5.2

4.9

9.6

18.5

16.0

14.9

15.8

13.4

16.5

14.2

-0.9

Slovak Republic

1.5

2.8

2.7

4.1

3.9

3.4

3.7

6.2

Spain

6.8

5.3

5.5

6.4

5.3

6.8

6.2

-0.0

Sweden

24.3

25.4

31.0

28.3

25.9

25.4

24.7

0.3

Switzerland

13.2

15.9

16.0

16.7

15.3

15.3

14.9

1.2

Turkey

18.2

17.4

13.1

13.2

13.3

12.7

13.1

-2.7

United Kingdom

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.3

7.6

United States

5.1

5.0

4.4

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.2

-1.5

Portugal

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



SHARE OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES* (%) BY COUNTRY Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

OECD Total

17.3

17.0

15.6

14.8

15.1

14.9

15.1

-1.2

OECD North America

18.5

17.8

15.2

13.7

15.2

15.1

14.8

-1.5

OECD/IEA Pacific

13.2

10.9

9.9

9.5

9.2

10.0

9.7

-2.1

OECD Europe

17.4

18.6

19.0

18.8

17.8

16.9

18.2

-0.2

IEA Total

17.5

17.1

15.7

14.8

15.2

15.1

15.3

-1.1

IEA North America

18.3

17.6

15.1

13.6

15.3

15.2

14.9

-1.4

IEA Europe

18.3

19.3

19.6

19.4

18.4

17.5

18.8

-0.3

European Union - 15

12.8

13.9

14.8

15.4

13.7

13.7

14.8

0.5

European Union - 19

11.7

12.9

13.7

14.2

12.8

12.6

13.7

0.6

Australia Austria

9.6

9.6

8.6

8.3

7.9

8.0

7.8

-1.4

66.2

70.5

72.4

69.3

69.2

62.9

65.0

-0.4

Belgium

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.7

4.7

Canada

62.4

61.0

60.6

58.0

59.9

59.2

58.9

-0.4

2.3

4.0

3.1

3.5

3.9

2.3

3.0

-0.1 14.3

Czech Republic

3.2

5.4

16.2

16.3

18.1

18.2

24.4

Finland

20.0

30.9

33.2

29.0

27.5

22.9

29.3

1.1

France

13.5

15.4

13.2

14.3

11.7

11.3

11.3

-1.4

Germany

3.5

4.8

6.3

6.5

7.9

7.6

9.2

6.2

Greece

5.1

8.6

7.8

5.5

6.6

10.2

9.8

5.5

Denmark

Hungary

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

1.0

2.8

2.8

Iceland

99.9

99.8

99.9

100.0

99.9

99.9

99.9

0.0

4.9

4.1

5.0

4.2

5.6

4.6

5.5

-0.5

Italy

16.4

17.5

18.8

19.9

17.1

15.1

17.5

-0.6

Japan

12.2

10.2

9.9

9.8

9.6

10.9

10.5

-0.8

Ireland

6.0

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.2

2.0

1.6

-8.2

Luxembourg

13.9

23.6

40.9

39.0

6.2

5.2

6.8

-7.3

Mexico

Korea

23.3

21.8

19.3

16.5

14.3

13.1

13.4

-4.3

Netherlands

1.1

1.7

3.3

3.4

4.1

4.1

5.4

10.8

New Zealand

80.5

84.9

71.4

63.0

70.1

65.9

71.8

-1.5

Norway

99.8

99.7

99.7

99.5

99.6

99.4

99.4

-0.0

Poland

1.1

1.4

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.5

1.9

2.4

34.7

28.3

29.7

34.1

21.3

38.3

27.2

0.8

Portugal

8.0

18.8

15.2

15.9

16.8

11.6

13.7

2.8

Spain

17.2

14.7

16.1

21.2

14.4

21.9

19.2

1.9

Sweden

50.9

47.6

57.3

51.6

48.5

43.7

45.8

-1.2

Switzerland

55.1

57.4

57.2

59.8

55.6

55.0

54.6

-0.0

Turkey

40.4

41.6

24.9

19.8

26.2

25.3

30.8

-3.5

1.8

2.1

2.6

2.5

2.9

2.7

3.4

3.1

11.7

10.8

8.2

6.8

8.6

8.9

8.6

-2.1

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal solid waste, solid biomass and biogas Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



SHARE OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES EXCLUDING HYDRO* (%) BY COUNTRY Average annual percent change

1990

1995

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

OECD Total

1.9

1.6

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.3

1.7

OECD North America

2.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

-2.6

OECD/IEA Pacific

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.1

OECD Europe

0.6

1.1

1.7

2.0

2.2

2.7

3.0

13.9

IEA Total

1.8

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.3

1.7

IEA North America

2.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.0

-2.8

IEA Europe

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.1

2.3

2.8

3.1

13.9

European Union - 15

0.6

1.3

2.0

2.4

2.5

3.2

3.5

14.2

European Union - 19

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.2

2.3

2.9

3.2

14.3

Australia

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.7

0.9

0.9

6.9

Austria

2.3

3.3

3.1

2.8

3.0

3.1

3.4

3.2

Belgium

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

1.0

1.1

8.1

Canada

0.8

1.0

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

5.9

-

0.7

1.1

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

14.6

Czech Republic

90-03

3.1

5.3

11.8

16.1

16.2

18.0

18.1

Finland

-

10.5

12.1

12.3

11.3

13.1

11.5

-

France

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.8

3.6

Germany

0.3

0.8

1.6

2.4

2.6

3.8

4.3

22.7

Greece

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.8

1.6

1.4

1.9

56.5

Hungary

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.5

17.4

Iceland

6.7

5.8

15.8

17.2

18.1

17.0

16.5

7.3

Ireland

-

0.1

1.3

1.4

1.7

1.9

2.2

-

Italy

1.5

1.5

2.3

2.4

2.7

2.9

3.2

5.8

Japan

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.5

Denmark

-

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.6

-

Luxembourg

2.7

5.5

12.3

13.2

12.2

2.2

2.4

-0.8

Mexico

4.2

3.7

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.7

4.0

-0.3

Netherlands

0.9

1.5

2.8

3.2

3.3

4.0

4.0

11.7

New Zealand

8.1

7.7

8.6

9.3

8.5

8.7

8.4

0.2

Norway

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

8.7

Poland

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

18.8

Portugal

2.5

3.2

3.2

3.6

3.7

4.2

4.5

4.8

-

-

-

-

0.5

0.5

0.3

-

Spain

0.4

0.8

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.9

5.9

23.7

Sweden

1.2

1.7

2.0

3.2

2.7

3.3

4.5

10.4

Switzerland

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.4

6.0

Turkey

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

1.3

United Kingdom

0.2

0.6

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.7

1.9

19.3

United States

3.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

-3.4

Korea

Slovak Republic

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal solid waste, solid biomass and biogas Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN 2003 BY COUNTRY (toe)

Hydro

Wind

Solar/ Tide

Geothermal

Ren. CRW1

Non-Ren. CRW2

Total*

106798.6

5017.0 e

3297.0 e

27321.4

162260.4

17172.9

304694.4 e

OECD North America

54700.1

1043.4 e

1500.3 e

13993.6

80198.8

7933.2

151436.3 e

OECD/IEA Pacific

11971.5

146.2

791.6

5198.2

12488.4

943.0

30596.1

OECD Europe

40126.9

3827.4

1005.1 e

8129.5

69573.1

8296.7

122662.1 e 281335.7 e

OECD Total

104036.3

5004.9 e

3228.2 e

20059.7

149006.6

16614.8

IEA North America

52990.4

1042.1 e

1431.5 e

8593.1

71983.1

7933.2

136040.4 e

IEA Europe

39074.3

3816.6

1005.1 e

6268.3

64535.1

7738.6

114699.3 e

European Union - 15

23834.8

3791.3

629.4 e

5203.6

54489.0

6796.8

87948.1 e

European Union - 19

24411.5

3802.8

631.2 e

5304.9

61375.3

7496.1

95525.7 e

Australia

1380.1

60.1

89.7

-

4859.1

148.1

6389.0

Austria

3125.6

31.5

79.8

31.5

3316.3

349.9

6584.6

7.6

2.5

IEA Total

Belgium

21.2

Canada

29030.1

Czech Republic

1.1

738.3

422.8

70.3 e

4.8 e

-

11683.9

4.3

770.7

118.9

0.3

-

-

1049.5

119.5

1168.8 2513.7

40789.1 e

1.8

478.2

9.4

3.9

2020.4

193.3

Finland

824.8

8.0

0.2

-

6999.7

323.8

7832.7

France

5088.1

29.4

66.2

129.0

10876.1

1070.6

16188.7

Germany

1656.7

1621.9

240.5

141.4

7576.4

2081.2

11236.9

409.9

87.8

104.8

1.1

945.2

33.4

1548.8

Hungary

14.7

0.3

1.8

86.0

799.6

22.5

902.4

Iceland

609.6

-

-

1845.9

0.8

0.8

2456.3

Denmark

Greece

51.4

39.0

0.2

Italy

2905.5

125.4

12.8 e

Japan

8135.7

71.6

Korea

421.6 6.6 1709.7

Ireland

Luxembourg Mexico

0.0

170.0

-

4808.6

2269.5

828.5

10121.9 e

260.8

635.4

3223.0

6114.4

752.0

18180.1

1.8

66.5

1.1

684.0

43.0

1175.0

2.2

0.2

-

35.2

15.7

44.3

1.2

68.8

5400.5

8215.7

-

15395.9

6.2

114.4

18.8

-

1226.5

674.8

1365.9

New Zealand

2034.2

12.6

-

1974.1

831.0

-

4851.9

Norway

9073.0

18.9

-

-

1421.0

107.9

10512.9

Poland

143.8

10.7

-

7.4

4723.8

527.8

4885.7

1352.2

42.7

20.6

78.4

2747.2

98.7

4240.9

Netherlands

Portugal

299.3

0.2

-

7.9

313.4

29.4

620.8

Spain

3530.6

1038.5

48.4

7.7

4605.4

139.3

9230.6

Sweden

4576.5

54.3

4.8

-

8450.3

339.3

13085.8

Switzerland

2994.4

0.4

24.0

118.9

994.3

681.5

4132.1

Turkey

3038.4

5.2

349.9

859.9

5781.7

10.3

10035.1

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States

277.6

110.5

20.4

0.8

2512.4

225.5

2921.7

23960.4

971.8

1426.7

8593.1

60299.2

7928.9

95251.2

1

Renewable combustible renewables and waste (CRW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas.

2

Non-Renewable combustible renewables and waste (CRW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal solid waste.

* Total does not include non-renewable biomass . Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh) OECD Total

1800000

OECD North America

1000000 900000

1600000

800000

1400000

700000

1200000

600000 1000000 500000 800000 400000 600000

300000

400000

200000

200000

100000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

OECD Pacific

200000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1998

2000

2002

2000

2002

OECD Europe

700000

180000

1996

600000

160000 500000

140000 120000

400000

100000 300000

80000 60000

200000

40000 100000 20000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

IEA Total

1800000

1990

2002

1992

450000

1400000

400000

1996

1998

European Union - 15

500000

1600000

1994

350000

1200000

300000 1000000 250000 800000 200000 600000

150000

400000

100000

200000

50000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Hydro

Solid Biomass/Gas from Biomass/Renew. Municipal Solid Waste

2002

Geothermal

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

Wind/Solar/Tide Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Solid Waste/Non-Spec. Combustible Renew. & Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics.



Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh) Australia

20000 18000

45000

16000

40000

14000

35000

12000

30000

10000

25000

8000

20000

6000

15000

4000

10000

2000

5000 0

0 1990

Austria

50000

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Belgium

3500

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2000

2002

2000

2002

Canada

400000 350000

3000

300000

2500

250000 2000 200000 1500 150000 1000

100000

500

50000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Czech Republic

4000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

Denmark

10000 9000

3500

8000 3000 7000 2500

6000

2000

5000 4000

1500

3000 1000 2000 500

1000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Hydro




2002

Geothermal

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998



Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh) Finland

30000

France

90000 80000

25000 70000 60000

20000

50000 15000 40000 30000

10000

20000 5000 10000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Germany

60000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2000

2002

2000

2002

Greece

7000 6000

50000

5000 40000 4000 30000 3000 20000 2000 10000

1000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

Hungary

400

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

Iceland

9000 8000

350

7000

300

6000

250

5000 200 4000 150

3000

100

2000

50

1000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Hydro


2002

1990

Geothermal

1992

1994

1996

1998





Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh) Ireland

2000

Italy

70000

1800

60000

1600 50000

1400 1200

40000

1000 30000

800 600

20000

400 10000 200 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Japan

140000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2000

2002

2000

2002

Korea

10000 9000

120000 8000 100000

7000 6000

80000

5000 60000

4000 3000

40000

2000 20000

1000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Luxembourg

1200

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

Mexico

45000 40000

1000 35000 800

30000 25000

600 20000 15000

400

10000 200 5000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Hydro




2002

Geothermal

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998



Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh) Netherlands*

6000

New Zealand

35000 30000

5000

25000 4000 20000 3000 15000 2000 10000 1000

5000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Norway

160000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1998

2000

2002

2000

2002

Poland

6000

140000

1996

5000

120000 4000 100000 3000

80000 60000

2000

40000 1000 20000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Portugal

20000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

Slovak Republic

6000

18000 5000

16000 14000

4000

12000 10000

3000

8000 2000

6000 4000

1000

2000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Hydro

2002

1990

Geothermal


1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002


Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics. *Data on industrial waste are unavailable for Netherlands from 2001.



Electricity Production by Renewable Energy Source (GWh) Spain

70000

Sweden

90000 80000

60000

70000 50000 60000 40000

50000

30000

40000 30000

20000 20000 10000

10000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Switzerland

50000

1990

2002

1992

1994

40000

40000

35000

35000

1998

2000

2002

2000

2002

2000

2002

Turkey

45000

45000

1996

30000

30000

25000

25000 20000 20000 15000

15000

10000

10000

5000

5000

0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

United Kingdom

16000

1990

2002

1992

1994

1996

1998

United States

500000 450000

14000

400000 12000 350000 10000

300000

8000

250000 200000

6000

150000 4000 100000 2000

50000 0

0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Hydro




2002

Geothermal

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998



OECD Total 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

1990 TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3) Electricity Generation (TWh)(4) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)

4523.40 263.19

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

4889.77 290.71 e

5325.89 308.29 e

5305.11 293.52 e

5350.24 297.09 e

5394.71 304.69 e

5496.68 313.73

1.4 1.1 -0.2

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.7

19809.31

21880.01

25566.54

25846.54

26206.27

26791.78

27758.40

2.3

0.23

0.22

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.20

-1.0

110

107

100

99

98

97

95

-1.0

1043.51

1089.51

1130.90

1139.04

1146.81

1154.45

1160.91

0.8

4.33

4.49

4.71

4.66

4.67

4.67

4.73

0.6

7564.5

8462.7

9589.0

9458.5

9759.1

9862.8

10056.0

2.1

1434.60 e

1497.09 e

1395.84 e

1472.59 e

1469.22 e

1519.86

0.9

15.1

-1.2

1310.63 17.3

17.0

15.6

14.8

15.1

14.9

Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004), IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal solid waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe/2000 thousand US$. In units of toe per capita. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE PRODUCTS (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

Total Capacity

393399 e

436564 e

466498 e

471892 e

486513 e

Hydro

371524

407385

420251 e

418784

426209

..

81667

84929 e

85007

4463

5049

5393

5598

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal

2004e

90-03

497048 e

..

1.8

427579 e

..

1.1

84521 e

84307 e

..

..

4959 e

4997

..

0.9

..

..

392

532

675

914 e

..

..

Solar Thermal

339

333

419

246

185

122

..

-7.6

Tide, Wave, Ocean

260

260

261 e

261 e

261

261

..

0.0

15418 e

Solar Photovoltaic

2390

4214

21749

28271

35314 e

..

23.0

Industrial Waste

..

..

800

541

884

916

..

..

Municipal Solid Waste

..

..

6630 e

6876 e

7131 e

7620 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

..

13090 e

14139 e

14679 e

16145 e

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

..

2328 e

2624 e

2830 e

3180 e

..

..

Comb. Renewables Non-Specified

..

..

1505

541 e

429

-

-

..

Solar Collectors Surface (1000 m2)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Wind

..

Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



OECD Total 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 ..

Total Electricity Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal

1995 1361583

42805

58667

28699

29809

17

2001

2002

2003

2004e

1515787 e 1597059 e 1497491 e 1578584 e 1581120 e 1628117

1212958

Solar Photovoltaics

2000

55 e

1386879

90-03 ..

1283884

1335125

1317330

1343651

0.6

68533 e

68776

70232

75486

72728

4.5

32975

32236

32876

34329

34427

1.4

708

30.6

184 e

263 e

357 e

546 e

Solar Thermal

663

824

526

565

569

548

595

-1.5

Tide, Wave, Ocean

597

601

605 e

575 e

568 e

572 e

551

-0.3

3844

Wind

..

Industrial Waste

7349 e

28544

34633

48294

58337 e

76046

23.3

9290

13484 e

14300 e

16199 e

15950 e

15685

..

Municipal Solid Waste Renew.

..

13492 e

19463 e

19961 e

21096 e

21660 e

21019

..

Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew.

..

12863 e

17973 e

18579 e

19580 e

20467 e

19842

..

Solid Biomass

75599 e ..

Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified

20494 e

73763 e

83345 e

77855 e

87155 e

93279 e

96895

1.6

6158 e

13081 e

14640 e

16765 e

18102 e

18698

..

-

-

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

of which: ..

1457902 e

1524377 e

1428075 e

1501676 e

1502697 e

1212958

1361583

1386879

1283884

1335125

1317330

..

0.6

42805

58667

68533 e

68776

70232

75486

..

4.5

28699

29648

32085

31252

31839

33295

Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal

17

Solar Photovoltaics

55 e

184 e

263 e

357 e

546 e

..

1.1

..

30.6

Solar Thermal

663

824

526

565

569

548

..

-1.5

Tide, Wave, Ocean

597

601

605 e

575 e

568 e

572 e

..

-0.3

3844

58337 e

..

23.3

Industrial Waste

..

4914

5631 e

7031 e

8597 e

9318 e

..

..


..

10275 e

13820 e

14232 e

14786 e

15112 e

..

..

..

10305 e

13493 e

13965 e

14482 e

14816 e

..

..

27506

32175 e

29576 e

33553 e

37655 e

..

3.4

10435 e

12099 e

13506 e

15168 e

..

..

Wind

Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew. Solid Biomass

24354 e

Gas from Biomass

..


..

CHP Plants

7349 e

4842 e 57885 e

28544

72682 e

34633

69416 e

48294

76908 e

78423 e

-

-

..

..

Geothermal

-

161

890

984

1037

1034

..

-

Industrial Waste

..

4376

7853 e

7269 e

7602 e

6632 e

..

..


..

3217 e

5643 e

5729 e

6310 e

6548 e

..

..


..

2558 e

4480 e

4614 e

5098 e

5651 e

..

..

46257 e

51170 e

48279 e

53602 e

55624 e

..

0.6

1316 e

2646 e

2541 e

3259 e

2934 e

..

..

-

-

Solid Biomass

51245 e ..


20494 e

-

-



-

-

-


OECD Total 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

378282

..

Total Heat

..

256741 e

363306 e

379903 e

329695 e

365922 e

Geothermal

..

7823

8023

8107

10781

10330

10291

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

81

..

Industrial Waste

..

12752 e

25745 e

28154

14653

11392

11512

..


..

56916 e

71427 e

70492 e

73803 e

77750 e

81544

..

69399

..


..

63278 e

101936 e

103687 e

Solid Biomass

..

94557

126917 e

139971 e

142150

59722 e

Gas from Biomass

..

9500 e

9300

Waste Heat and Heat Pumps

..

16059

18772

19965

CHP Plants

..

151461 e

201246 e

Geothermal

..

7103

6967

Solar Thermal

..

-

Industrial Waste

..

Municipal Solid Waste Renew. Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew.

64752 e

179337

..

9376 e

9619

..

19249 e

16554 e

16499

..

200733 e

218951 e

250131 e

..

..

6829

9395

8536

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

..

4356

5865

6930

9026

5124

..

..

..

42908 e

58702 e

57480 e

61193 e

63856 e

..

..

..

36608 e

46642 e

43797 e

46028 e

52445 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

56580

75536

79997

86779

115190

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

1426

4212

2948

2852

2803

..

..


..

2480

3322

2752

3678

2177

..

..

Heat Only Plants

..

105280 e

162060 e

179169 e

110745 e

115791 e

..

..

Geothermal

..

720

1056

1278

1386

1794

..

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

..

..

Industrial Waste

..

8396 e

19880 e

21224

5627

6268

..

..


..

14008 e

12725 e

13012 e

12610 e

13894 e

..

..


..

26670 e

55294 e

59890 e

13694 e

12307 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

37977

51381 e

59974 e

55371

60527

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

6250

6552 e

6448

6573 e

..

..


..

15572 e

14377 e

..

..

5350 e

10462

175717

of which:

3924 e 13579

15450

17212




OECD Total 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03*

1197611 -8863 1084500 104248

1279224 e -9387 1148844 e 120993

1263227 e -7834 1127840 e 127553

1070804 e -7695 932746 e 130363

1144113 -8156 986918 149039

1195341 -8200 1032620 154521

.. .. .. .. ..

66440 2975 63465

134853 e 5597 e 129256 e

132704 e 6014 e 126690

134181 e 5973 e 128208

134040 e 7196 e 126844

130353 2223 128130

.. .. .. .. ..

258615 e -7361 188916 e 62338 e

332219 e -8885 167350 e 155984 e

315824 e -7 -410 180803 e 134604 e

311903 e 23 -621 179459 e 131846 e

336564 e -79 -525 182362 e 153598 e

255494 -80 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

282913 e -1469 276465 e 4979 e

385153 e 329858 e 55295 e

373018 e -1 346157 e 26860 e

404122 e -340 379083 e 24699 e

410479 e 397 381087 e 29789 e

425769 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

288232 e -1471 282570 e 4191 e

412651 e -1 358712 e 53938 e

404702 e -1 379398 e 25303 e

370205 e -340 347095 e 22770 e

382583 e 394 355262 e 27715 e

384720 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

e e

5629811 e 14809 -815 1669308 e 3974497 e

5796158 e 26249 -792 1018375 e 4803240 e

5501483 e 29759 -120 1026446 e 4504676

5486137 e 35188 -160 1204177 e 4316988

e e

5735153 42366 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

61448 e -491 17226 e 43731 e

138918 e -60 85344 e 53514 e

281670 e -98 160586 e 120986 e

321372 e -69 187635 e 133668 e

364130 e -78 208659 e 155393 e

362703 e -3689 222861 e 136153 e

373875 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5448 e 73 e -1923 3598 e

5868 e 47 e -2168 3747 e

7627 e -25 e -3318 4284 e

11549 e -60 e -7008 4481 e

13416 241 171 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Geothermal Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

1131348 e -7726 1036891 86731

Solar Thermal Indigenous Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

62088 2393 59695

Industrial Waste Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

85753 e -5222 32666 e 47865 e

Municipal Solid Waste - Renewables Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

196641 e -35 195034 e 1572

Municipal Solid Waste - Non-Renewables Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

185836 e -34 184997 e 805

Solid Biomass Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

4716666 5295 8623 1155690 3574894

e e

5659950 41273 -187 1217328 4483708

e e

Gas from Biomass Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

Liquid Biofuels (1000 tonnes) Production Net Imports (1) Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

7 7

4312 49 -1106 3255

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. (2) Includes statistical difference, stock changes, energy consumed in the energy sector and distribution losses. Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage. *Growth rates have not been calculated for aggregates due to unavailability of data for some countries which causes breaks in series.



OECD North America 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

1990

1995

2261.07 145.53

2452.95 158.66

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

2706.47 160.23 e

2658.83 144.19 e

2693.85 148.19 e

2701.37 151.44 e

2748.99 155.10

1.4 0.3 -1.1

6.4

6.5

5.9

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.6

8004.00

9001.76

11059.94

11146.78

11360.12

11689.27

12189.40

3.0

0.28

0.27

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.23

0.23

-1.5

115

111

100

97

97

94

92

-1.5

359.13

386.05

411.77

416.43

421.00

425.42

429.62

1.3

6.30

6.35

6.57

6.38

6.40

6.35

6.40

0.1

Electricity Generation (TWh)(4)

3807.4

4270.8

4835.5

4637.9

4842.3

4859.9

4971.7

1.9

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4)

703.18

759.08

736.61 e

637.00 e

737.82 e

735.69 e

737.21

0.3

18.5

17.8

15.2

13.7

15.2

15.1

14.8

-1.5

Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)




1990 Total Capacity Hydro

..

Tide, Wave, Ocean

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

191334 e

194550 e

192722 e

199078 e

201784 e

..

..

174139

175922 e

172539

178568

179239

..

0.9

..

21564

19699 e

18511

20550

20699

..

..

3369

3721

3648

3841

3095

3093

..

-0.7

..

..

160

192

238

303

..

..

339

333

419

246

185

122

..

-7.6

20

20

20 e

20

20

..

-

Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal

2000

159621


1995

20 e

1912

1755

2472 e

4052

4581

6325

..

9.6

Industrial Waste

..

..

638

378

730

726

..

..


..

..

2631 e

2501 e

2496 e

2446 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

..

7648 e

7959 e

8098 e

8362 e

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

..

992 e

994 e

1067 e

1148 e

..

..


..

..

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Wind




OECD North America 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

..

794598

779041

677810

779018

779478

779895

..

609286

701418

671739

576660

667371

663274

661998

0.7

15919

23851

26893

26587

24832

27226

26756

4.2

21136

20610

20522

19813

20337

21152

21378

0.0

..

8

663

824


90-03

Solar Photovoltaics Solar Thermal

526

565 32 e

57 e 569 32 e

58 e 548

58

..

595

-1.5

26

33

33 e

33

1.9

3261

5927

7161

10883

12132 e

15431

11.2

..

4268

7170

6108

8106

8460

7986

..

Industrial Waste

32 e

53 e

3066

Tide, Wave, Ocean Wind

48 e


5316 e

7396 e

8374 e

8112 e

8262 e

8103 e

7947

3.3


5316 e

7396 e

8372 e

8111 e

8262 e

8100 e

7946

3.3

Solid Biomass

59084 e

46052

50384

45064

48837

50552 e

50068

-1.2

3332

5947

6131

6302

7066

6455

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

757499

737174

639729

737721

739739

..

..

609286

701418

671739

576660

667371

663274

..

0.7

15919

23851

26893

26587

24832

27226

..

4.2

21136

20610

20522

19813

20337

21152

..

0.0

..

8

663

824

..


20494 e

of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics Solar Thermal

26

33

3066

3261


32 e 5927

565 32 e

57 e 569 32 e

58 e 548

..

..

..

-1.5

33 e

..

1.9

7161

10883

12132 e

..

11.2

..

440

923

680

2322

3460

..

..

6716

7263

7175

7168

7019

..

2.9

4847

6716

7262

7175

7168

7018

..

2.9

13560 e

14352

18310

15440

16890

19026 e

..

2.6 ..


526

53 e

4846 e

Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Renew.

48 e

Gas from Biomass

..

3121

4622

4975

4924

6019

..


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

37099

41867

38081

41297

39739

..

..

CHP Plants Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

..

3828

6247

5428

5784

5000

..

.. 6.6


470 e

680 e

1111 e

937 e

1094 e

1084 e

..


469 e

680 e

1110 e

936 e

1094 e

1082 e

..

6.6

Solid Biomass

45524 e ..


20494 e

31700

32074

29624

31947

31526

..

-2.8

211

1325

1156

1378

1047

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




OECD North America 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

..

28551

27130

16071

18269

24362

24204

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

1993

187

782

1841

1328

1319

..


..

3641 e

7632 e

3113 e

3664 e

2399 e

2383

..

3641 e


..

7631 e

3112 e

3664 e

2383

..

Solid Biomass

..

19276

9489

8268

8669

17932

2398 e

17816

..

Gas from Biomass

..

-

2191

796

431

305

303

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

CHP Plants

..

28551

27130

16071

18269

24362

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

1993

187

782

1841

1328

..

..


..

3641 e

7632 e

3113 e

3664 e

2399 e

..

..


..

3641 e

7631 e

3112 e

3664 e

2398 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

19276

9489

8268

8669

17932

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

-

2191

796

431

305

..

..

of which:


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Heat Only Plants

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solid Biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from Biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..




OECD North America 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03*

774965 760896 14069

758960 741960 17000

760527 738792 21735

740064 716220 23844

540784 515673 25111

585998 546010 39988

631965 591996 39969

.. .. .. .. ..

2387 2387 -

2967 2967 -

57164 2142 55022

.. .. .. .. ..

2 2

128439 125190 3249

172195 69406 102789

144571 62971 81600

157851 78843 79008

182088 86451 95637

104560 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

135298 135298 -

171669 128894 42775

145212 132719 12493

161340 152847 8493

150124 137981 12143

150183 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87092 87092 -

135296 135296 -

171667 128892 42775

145211 132717 12494

161338 152845 8493

150122 137979 12143

150182 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2472625 915072 e 1557553

3137287 1334085 e 1803202

3105854 606982 e 2498872

2800447 603805 e 2196642

2751821 733195 2018626

2803689 678281 2125408

2857637 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

276 276 -

43304 43304 -

132010 71366 60644

145388 82111 63277

160736 81473 79263

162126 e 86181 75945

163100 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-

4063 49 -1106 3006

8828 e 80 e -7006 1902 e

10347 442 93 ..

.. .. .. .. ..



67672 e 5569 e 62103

65117 e 5982 e 59135

63950 e 5920 e 58030

62501 e 5745 e 56756



87094 e 87094 e -





4642 e 64 e -1923 2783 e

4891 e 64 e -2132 2823 e

6304 e 64 e -3315 3053 e




OECD/IEA Pacific 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

639.29 26.30

757.62 27.82 e

846.66 29.60 e

840.48 28.77 e

851.45 29.65

852.42 30.60

879.83 30.80

2.2 1.2

4.1

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

-1.0

4708.85

5208.03

5697.45

5754.49

5790.05

5951.51

6191.70

1.8

0.14

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.14

0.14

0.4

91

98

100

98

99

96

96

0.4

187.00

192.57

197.09

198.08

198.81

199.59

200.05

0.5

3.42

3.93

4.30

4.24

4.28

4.27

4.40

1.7


1126.5

1349.0

1558.7

1567.7

1646.5

1651.5

1675.1

3.0


148.84

147.37 e

154.58 e

148.58 e

151.47

165.58

163.17

0.8

9.2

10.0

9.7

-2.1



13.2

10.9

9.9

9.5




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

53643

62180

67339

68708 e

69073

69233

..

2.0

Hydro

53110

60372

63867

64731

64994

65191

..

1.6

18945

24825

27395

28525

28496 e

28496

..

3.2

531

779

951

950

964 e

966

..

4.7

Solar Photovoltaic

2

16

33

39

44

46

..

27.3

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

3

160

299

432

753

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

491

1322

1501

1530

1535

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

414

540

547

593

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

113

112

133

149

..

-


..

519

479

536 e

429

-

-

x


-

-

-

-

48

54

..

-





OECD/IEA Pacific 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03 1.1

Total Electricity

157004

160938 e

168560 e

163199 e

166321

180460

176497

Hydro

140416

140192

143950

138085

138364

150935

152556

0.6

7262

12170

11524

11897

11678

11731

11305

3.8

3957

5345

6269

6270

6240

6248

5958

3.6

13

15

14

23.2

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics

1

3 e

11 e

12 e

Solar Thermal

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

10 e

302

610

947

1700

2379

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

107

50

82

80

51

-


904 e

1652 e

2749 e

3011 e

3513 e

3252 e

2166

10.3


903 e

1401 e

2353 e

2669 e

3095 e

3068 e

1968

9.9

Solid Biomass

10743


12101 e

12329

11657

13084

14367

10554

2.3

80

234

490

835

983

795

851

19.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.0

of which: Electricity Only Plants

156074

159570 e

166926 e

161846 e

164074

177195

Hydro

140416

140192

143950

138085

138364

150935

..

0.6

7262

12170

11524

11897

11678

11731

..

3.8

3957

5291

6228

6216

6173

6198

..

3.5

13

15

..

23.2


1

3 e

Solar Thermal

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

Wind

-

Industrial Waste

-

Municipal Solid Waste Renew. Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew. Solid Biomass

904 e 903 e

11 e

12 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10 e

302

610

947

1700

..

-

-

107

50

82

80

..

-

2353 e

2669 e

3031 e

3031 e

..

9.8

3031 e

..

9.8

1402 e 1401 e

2353 e

2669 e

3031 e

9813

11095

11166

10735

11774

11654

..

1.3

80

176

456

800

659

551

..

16.0

Gas from Biomass

-


-

-

-

1634 e

1353 e

-

-

-

-

3265

..

10.1


-

54

41

54

67

50

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

250 e

396 e

342 e

482

221

..

-


-

-

-

-

64

37

..

8.6

1163

922

1310

2713

..

Gas from Biomass

-

58

34

35

324

244

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

930

1368 e

2247

930

1006 e




OECD/IEA Pacific 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

25652 e

68051 e

77150 e

18845 e

16141 e

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

..

17129

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

4513 e

11936 e

15586

174

153

157

..


..

936 e

2906 e

3882 e

5709 e

3295 e

3157

..

16862 e

45732 e

50135 e

4957 e

2077 e

3156

..

2210 e

2075 e

2408

4677

5035

..

5267

5472 e

5597

5939 e

5624

..

-

..


..

Solid Biomass

..

Gas from Biomass

..


..

3341 e -

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP Plants

..

..

..

Geothermal

..

936 e -

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

936 e


..

-

Solid Biomass

..

-

Gas from Biomass

..

-

2906 e

2906 e

3882 e

5709 e

3295 e

..

..

942

437 e

..

..

-

-

2408

4677

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

Heat Only Plants

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

..

15586


..

-


..

Solid Biomass

..

Gas from Biomass

..


..

24716 e

4513 e 16862 e 3341 e -

8409 e

-

-

-

3882 e

9059 e

65145 e

11936 e -

73268 e

-

-

..

..

..

-

-

..

-

-

..

174

153

..

..

-

-

-

..

..

..

45732 e

50135 e

2210 e

2075 e

-

5267

5472 e

5597

-

-

-

9786 e

4015 e

-

7732 e

1640 e 5939 e -

-

..

..

..

-

..




OECD/IEA Pacific 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

158634 -6000 137947 14687

216231 -6000 187994 22237

215747 -6000 186671 23076

216335 -6000 187801 22534

216010 -6000 187241 22769

217682 -6001 188641 23040

214204 -6000 184140 24064

.. .. .. .. ..

52414 52414

46368 46368

38986 38986

36460 36460

36104 36104

33096 1378 31718

32524 32524

.. .. .. .. ..

13632 e 5809 e 7823

29589 1 15706 13884

30298 80 18495 11883

11936 103 788 11251

11585 59 751 10893

7446 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

15052 e 15052 e -

27457 e 27457 e -

31389 e 31389 e -

42437 e 42437 e -

36041 e 36041 e -

43105 .. -

.. .. .. .. ..

7746 e 7746 e -

34143 e 34143 e -

78505 e 78505 e -

86586 e 86586 e -

33196 e 33196 e -

27906 e 27906 e -

21619 .. -

.. .. .. .. ..

371697 e -11 113444 e 258242 e

384372 e 18 116167 e 268223 e

428148 e -22 118176 e 309950 e

408395 25 110813 e 297607

429347 -13 124293 e 305041

430053 3 130595 e 299461

422614 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

31452 -491 2267 28694

41887 e -34 7217 e 34636

51121 e -28 12778 e 38315

55366 -30 16557 38779

57917 -30 18587 39300

56818 e 16182 40636

59756 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-

1 1

6 ..

.. .. .. .. ..



Industrial Waste Production Net Imports (1)

7847 80 7767

Miscellaneous to Balance (2) Transformation Sector Final Energy Consumption

Municipal Solid Waste - Renewables Production Net Imports (1)

7746 e 7746 e -






-

-

-

2 2




OECD Europe 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

1990 TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

1623.03 91.36

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1679.19 104.23 e

1772.75 118.47 e

1805.80 120.56 e

1804.93 119.26 e

1840.93 122.66 e

1867.86 127.83

1.0 2.3 1.3

5.6

6.2

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.8

7096.46

7670.23

8809.14

8945.27

9056.10

9151.00

9377.30

2.0

0.23

0.22

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

-1.0

114

109

100

100

99

100

99

-1.0

497.38

510.89

522.04

524.53

527.01

529.44

531.24

0.5

3.26

3.29

3.40

3.44

3.42

3.48

3.52

0.5


2630.5

2842.9

3194.8

3252.9

3270.2

3351.4

3409.3

1.9


458.61

528.15

605.91 e

610.25 e

583.30 e

567.94 e

619.48

1.7

17.4

18.6

19.0

18.8

17.8

16.9

18.2

-0.2






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

164747

183050 e

204609 e

210462 e

218362 e

226031 e

..

2.5

Hydro

158793

172874

180462 e

181514

182647

183149 e

..

1.1

25906

35278

37835 e

37971

35475

35112 e

..

2.4

563

549

794

807

900

938

..

4.0

12

62

199

301

393

565 e

..

34.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

478

2456

12786

17398

23258

28236 e

..

36.9

-

1

162

163

154

190

..

-


1064

1756

2677 e

2874 e

3105 e

3639 e

..

9.9

Solid Biomass

2928

3894 e

383

464

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal

Industrial Waste

Gas from Biomass

5028 e

5640 e

6034 e

7190 e

..

7.2

1223

1518

1630

1883

..

13.0


334

842

1026


4337

7812

19583 e

5 21721 e

-

-

22903 e

25031 e

-

-

..

14.4




OECD Europe 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 ..

of which: Pumped Storage

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

560251 e

649458 e

656482 e

633245 e

621182 e

671725

..

463256

519973

571190

569139

529390

503121

529097

0.6

19624

22646

30116 e

30292

33722

36529

34667

4.9

3606

3854

6184

6153

6299

6929

7091

5.2

13

44

636

31.8

Total Electricity Hydro

1995

Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics

125 e

198 e

287 e

473 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

571

568

573

543

536

539

518

-0.4

Wind

778

4078

22315

26862

36464

44505

..

5022

Solar Thermal

Industrial Waste

6207 e

8142 e

58236

36.5

8011 e

7410 e

7648

..


..

4444 e

8340 e

8838 e

9321 e

10305 e

10906

..


..

4066 e

7248 e

7799 e

8223 e

9299 e

9928

..

5772 e

15610 e

20632 e

21134 e

25234 e

28360 e

36273

13.0

Gas from Biomass

..

2592 e

6644 e

7674 e

9480 e

10241 e

11392

..


-

-

-

..

..

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

of which: ..

540833 e

620277 e

626500 e

599881 e

585763 e

463256

519973

571190

569139

529390

503121

..

0.6

19624

22646

30116 e

30292

33722

36529

..

4.9

3606

3747

5335

5223

5329

5945

13

44

Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics

125 e

198 e

287 e

473 e

..

3.9

..

31.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

571

568

573

543

536

539

..

-0.4

Wind

778

4078

22315

26862

36464

44505

..

36.5

Industrial Waste

..

4474

4601 e

6301 e

6193 e

5778 e

..

..


..

2157 e

4204 e

4388 e

4587 e

5062 e

..

..

Solar Thermal

..


981 e

Gas from Biomass

..


..

CHP Plants

2188 e

3878 e

4121 e

4283 e

4767 e

..

..

2059

2699 e

3401 e

4889 e

6975 e

..

16.3

1545 e

5357 e

6324 e

7923 e

8598 e

..

..

19418 e

29181 e

29982 e

33364 e

35419 e

-

-

..

..

Geothermal

-

107

849

930

970

984

..

-

Industrial Waste

..

548

1606 e

1841 e

1818 e

1632 e

..

..


..

2287 e

4136 e

4450 e

4734 e

5243 e

..

..


..

1878 e

3370 e

3678 e

3940 e

4532 e

..

..

4791 e

13551 e

17933 e

17733 e

20345 e

21385 e

..

12.2

Gas from Biomass

..

1047 e

1287 e

1350 e

1557 e

1643 e

..

..


-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-



-

-

-


OECD Europe 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

336949

..

Total Heat

..

202538 e

268125 e

286682 e

292581 e

325419 e

Geothermal

..

7823

8023

8107

10781

10330

10291

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

81

..

Industrial Waste

..

6246 e

13622 e

11786

12638

9911

10036

..


..

52339 e

60889 e

63497 e

64430 e

72056 e

76004

..


..

42775 e

48573 e

50440 e

51101 e

60277 e

63860

..

Solid Biomass

..

75281

115218

129628

131073

153108

156486

..

Gas from Biomass

..

2009

3004

3232

3272

3132

3692

..


..

16059

18772

19965

19249 e

16554 e

16499

..

CHP Plants

..

121974 e

171210 e

180780 e

191623 e

217360 e

..

..

Geothermal

..

7103

6967

6829

9395

8536

..

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

2363

5678

6148

7185

3796

..

..


..

38331 e

48164 e

50485 e

51820 e

58162 e

..

..


..

32967 e

39011 e

40685 e

41422 e

49610 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

37304

66047

71729

75702

92581

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

1426

2021

2152

2421

2498

..

..


..

2480

3322

2752

3678

2177

..

..

Heat Only Plants

..

80564

96915

105901

100959 e

108059 e

..

..

Geothermal

..

720

1056

1278

1386

1794

..

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

..

..

Industrial Waste

..

3883 e

7944 e

5638

5453

6115

..

..


..

14008 e

12725 e

13012 e

12610 e

13894 e

..

..


..

9808 e

9562 e

9755 e

9679 e

10667 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

37977

49171

57899

55371

60527

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

583

983

1080

851

634

..

..


..

13579

15450

17212

15572 e

14377 e

..

..

of which:




OECD Europe 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03*

197749 e -1726 138048 57975

222420 -2863 154546 65011

302950 e -3387 223381 e 76182

306828 e -1834 223819 e 81175

314010 e -1695 229832 e 82483

340433 -2155 252267 86011

349172 -2200 256484 90488

.. .. .. .. ..

7287 6 7281

17105 8 17097

28195 e 28 28167 e

31127 32 31095

34127 53 34074

38443 73 38370

40665 81 40584

.. .. .. .. ..

77904 e -5222 32586 e 40096 e

116544 e -7361 57917 e 51266 e

130435 e -8886 82238 e 39311 e

140955 e -7 -490 99337 e 41121 e

142116 e 23 -724 99828 e 41587 e

142891 e -79 -584 95160 e 47068 e

143488 -80 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

132563 e -1469 126115 e 4979 e

186027 e 173507 e 12520 e

196417 e -1 182049 e 14367 e

200345 e -340 183799 e 16206 e

224314 e 397 207065 e 17646 e

232481 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

118793 e -1471 113131 e 4191 e

162479 e -1 151315 e 11163 e

172905 e -1 160095 e 12809 e

175671 e -340 161054 e 14277 e

204555 e 394 189377 e 15572 e

212919 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

e e

2108152 e 14809 -833 219056 e 1903072 e

2262156 e 26249 -770 293217 e 1994418 e

2292641 e 29759 -145 311828 e 2010427

2304969 e 35188 -147 346689 e 1993321

e e

2454902 42366 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

29720 e 14683 e 15037 e

53727 e -26 34823 e 18878 e

98539 e -70 76442 e 22027 e

120618 e -39 88967 e 31612 e

145477 e -48 108599 e 36830 e

143759 e -3689 120498 e 19572 e

151019 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

249 249

806 9 815

1322 -89 -3 1230

2719 -140 -2 2577

3063 -201 78 ..

.. .. .. .. ..





101801 e -35 100194 e 1572


90998 e -34 90159 e 805


1872344 5295 8634 127174 1759099

e e

2426208 41273 -190 408452 2058839

e e



7 7

977 -17 -36 924




IEA Total 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

1990 TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3) Electricity Generation (TWh)(4) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)

4275.61 246.11

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

4637.07 269.66 e

5065.06 285.74 e

5041.48 270.82 e

5083.65 274.81 e

5119.21 281.34 e

5217.62 289.76

1.4 1.0 -0.4

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.6

19254.40

21280.80

24790.57

25067.89

25420.59

25990.57

26921.00

2.3

0.22

0.22

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.19

-0.9

109

107

100

98

98

96

95

-0.9

918.59

955.12

987.91

995.05

1001.51

1007.87

1013.02

0.7

4.65

4.85

5.13

5.07

5.08

5.08

5.15

0.7

7279.4

8142.2

9203.4

9065.3

9360.8

9454.7

9608.5

2.0

1389.59 e

1442.95 e

1345.32 e

1425.12 e

1426.23 e

1274.17 17.5

17.1

15.7

14.8

15.2

1469.92

0.9

15.3

-1.1

15.1




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

Total Capacity

382040 e

421229 e

449837 e

455012 e

469592 e

Hydro

360911

392865

404950 e

403303

410707

43832

79566

82828 e

82725

3717

4245

4366

4558


2004e

90-03

479900 e

..

1.8

411994 e

..

1.0

82236 e

82022 e

..

4.9

3914 e

3835

..

0.2

..

..

378

517

659

898 e

..

..

Solar Thermal

339

333

419

246

185

122

..

-7.6

Tide, Wave, Ocean

260

260

261 e

261 e

261

261

..

0.0

15411 e

Solar Photovoltaic

2390

4212

21727

28236

35273 e

..

23.0

Industrial Waste

..

..

797

537

877

906

..

..


..

..

6630 e

6876 e

7131 e

7614 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

..

12798 e

13847 e

14387 e

15853 e

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

..

2311 e

2603 e

2806 e

3144 e

..

..


..

..

1505

536 e

429

-

-

..


..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Wind

..




IEA Total 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 ..


1995 1320296

40274

56357

23275

23850

17

2001

2002

2003

2004e

1468173 e 1540182 e 1444566 e 1528808 e 1536018 e 1576165

1179448

Solar Photovoltaics

2000

55 e

1338299

90-03 ..

1239467

1293808

1283396

1303467

0.7

66163 e

66691

68390

73672

71013

4.8

25751

25218

26045

26641

26367

1.0

675

30.0

155 e

232 e

325 e

513 e

Solar Thermal

663

824

526

565

569

548

595

-1.5

Tide, Wave, Ocean

597

601

605 e

575 e

568 e

572 e

551

-0.3

3844

Wind

..

Industrial Waste

7342 e

28526

34601

48217

58197 e

75888

23.2

8996

13121 e

13972 e

15729 e

15663 e

15404

..


..

13492 e

19463 e

19961 e

21096 e

21647 e

21006

..


..

12863 e

17973 e

18579 e

19580 e

20454 e

19830

..

Solid Biomass

75544 e ..


20494 e

73709 e

82722 e

76808 e

86168 e

90363 e

93772

1.4

6145 e

13041 e

14588 e

16703 e

18024 e

18610

..

-

-

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

of which: ..

1410743 e

1468870 e

1376963 e

1453917 e

1459431 e

1179448

1320296

1338299

1239467

1293808

1283396

..

0.7

40274

56357

66163 e

66691

68390

73672

..

4.8

23275

23796

25710

25164

25978

26591

Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal

17

Solar Photovoltaics

55 e

155 e

232 e

325 e

513 e

..

1.0

..

30.0

Solar Thermal

663

824

526

565

569

548

..

-1.5

Tide, Wave, Ocean

597

601

605 e

575 e

568 e

572 e

..

-0.3

3844

58197 e

..

23.2

Industrial Waste

..

4914

5599 e

7031 e

8597 e

9318 e

..

..


..

10275 e

13820 e

14232 e

14786 e

15112 e

..

..

..

10305 e

13493 e

13965 e

14482 e

14816 e

..

..

27506

31742 e

29084 e

33095 e

35221 e

..

2.9

10395 e

12047 e

13492 e

15147 e

..

..

Wind


24354 e

Gas from Biomass

..


..

CHP Plants

7342 e

4829 e 57430 e

28526

71312 e

34601

67603 e

48217

74891 e

76587 e

-

-

..

..

Geothermal

-

54

41

54

67

50

..

-

Industrial Waste

..

4082

7522 e

6941 e

7132 e

6345 e

..

..


..

3217 e

5643 e

5729 e

6310 e

6535 e

..

..


..

2558 e

4480 e

4614 e

5098 e

5638 e

..

..

46203 e

50980 e

47724 e

53073 e

55142 e

..

0.6

1316 e

2646 e

2541 e

3211 e

2877 e

..

..

-

-

Solid Biomass

51190 e ..


20494 e

-

-



-

-

-


IEA Total 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

244343 e

350373 e

367796 e

315350 e

351984 e

364218

..

Total Heat

..

Geothermal

..

402

654

714

748

1176

1128

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

81

..

Industrial Waste

..

8564 e

22065 e

27107

13026

10419

10535

..


..

56898 e

71404 e

70286 e

73698 e

77594 e

81380

..

69235

..


..

63260 e

101914 e

103482 e

Solid Biomass

..

93810

125115 e

137798 e

139936

59617 e

64596 e

Gas from Biomass

..

9476 e

9051


..

16059

18772

18906

19237

16515

CHP Plants

..

142730 e

192178 e

191497 e

206849 e

238363 e

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

..

3162

5111

5952


..

42908 e

58702 e


..

36608 e

46642 e

Solid Biomass

..

56146

Gas from Biomass

..


176122

..

9278

..

16459

..

..

..

-

..

-

-

..

7826

4315

..

..

57480 e

61193 e

63823 e

..

..

43797 e

46028 e

52413 e

..

..

74189

78568

85513

113137

..

..

1426

4212

2948

2611

2498

..

..

..

2480

3322

2752

3678

2177

..

..

Heat Only Plants

..

101613 e

158195 e

176299 e

108501 e

113621 e

..

..

Geothermal

..

402

654

714

748

1176

..

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

..

..

Industrial Waste

..

5402 e

16954 e

21155

5200

6104

..

..


..

13990 e

12702 e

12806 e

12505 e

13771 e

..

..


..

26652 e

55272 e

59685 e

13589 e

12183 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

37664

50926 e

59230 e

54423

59441

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

6213

6528 e

6440

..

..


..

..

..

5344 e

10425

172578 9055 e

of which:

3918 e 13579

15450

16154

15559

6557 e 14338




IEA Total 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03*

903391 e -6000 833663 63728

944887 -6000 854767 84120

993064 e -6000 889136 e 97928

983429 e -6000 874073 e 103356

797926 e -6000 685000 e 106926

840019 -6001 709443 124575

879456 -6000 743508 129948

.. .. .. .. ..

62088 2393 59695

66440 2975 63465

133052 e 5597 e 127455 e

130548 e 6014 e 124534

131781 e 5973 e 125808

131277 e 7196 e 124081

127593 2223 125370

.. .. .. .. ..

214703 e 181367 e 33336 e

299980 e 1 160183 e 139798 e

294782 e 80 177197 e 117665 e

289210 e 103 173686 e 115627 e

313766 e 59 179238 e 134587 e

233935 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

282890 e -1469 276442 e 4979 e

385093 e 329830 e 55263 e

372465 e 345835 e 26630 e

403990 e -340 378961 e 24689 e

409893 e 397 380515 e 29775 e

425136 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

288210 e -1471 282548 e 4191 e

412591 e -1 358684 e 53906 e

404149 e -1 379075 e 25073 e

370075 e -340 346974 e 22761 e

381997 e 394 354690 e 27701 e

384087 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

e e

5141791 e 14809 -816 1664893 e 3490891 e

5307099 e 26249 -148 977220 e 4355980 e

4989199 e 29790 -98 984789 e 4034102

4972955 e 35192 -256 1162828 e 3845063

e e

5210608 42646 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

61055 e -491 17212 e 43352 e

138367 e -59 85219 e 53089 e

280202 e -71 159886 e 120245 e

319423 e -57 186808 e 132558 e

362340 e -59 207717 e 154564 e

360498 e -3562 221625 e 135311 e

371241 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5448 e 73 e -1923 3598 e

5830 e 49 e -2132 3747 e

7624 e -25 e -3315 4284 e

10368 e -60 e -7006 3302 e

12744 248 171 ..

.. .. .. .. ..




53121 e 27401 e 25720 e


196641 e -35 195034 e 1572


185836 e -34 184997 e 805


4341523 5295 8629 1141119 3214328

e e

5139603 41476 -83 1165113 4015883

e e



7 7

4312 49 -1106 3255




IEA North America 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2136.73 131.76

2320.30 143.59

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

2556.10 144.27 e

2506.95 128.76 e

2538.25 133.23 e

2541.43 136.04 e

2585.21 138.90

1.3 0.2 -1.1

6.2

6.2

5.6

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.4

7590.63

8555.81

10479.25

10566.07

10775.60

11097.13

11572.30

3.0

0.28

0.27

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.23

0.22

-1.6

115

111

100

97

97

94

92

-1.6

277.88

295.89

313.11

316.38

319.60

322.72

325.58

1.2

7.69

7.84

8.16

7.92

7.94

7.88

7.94

0.2


3684.8

4118.2

4631.2

4428.3

4627.2

4641.2

4715.5

1.8


674.58

725.88

697.09 e

602.39 e

706.95 e

707.03 e

702.93

0.4

18.3

17.6

15.1

13.6

15.3

15.2

14.9

-1.4






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

Total Capacity

166429 e

181241 e

183744 e

181930 e

188281 e

Hydro

151741

164810

166288 e

162903

168933

186

21564

19699 e

18511

2669

2968

2793

..

..

146

339

333

419

20

20

20 e

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Tide, Wave, Ocean

2004e

90-03

190846 e

..

1.1

169589

..

0.9

20550

20699

..

43.7

3003

2252

2133

..

-1.7

177

222

287

..

..

246

185

122

..

-7.6

20

20

..

-

20 e

1912

1753

2469 e

4049

4578

6322

..

9.6

Industrial Waste

..

..

638

378

730

726

..

..


..

..

2631 e

2501 e

2496 e

2446 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

..

7356 e

7667 e

7806 e

8070 e

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

..

984 e

986 e

1059 e

1131 e

..

..


..

..

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Wind




IEA North America 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

..

761395

739523

643191

748151

750815

745614

..

585808

673890

638606

548158

642420

643394

636795

0.7

15919

23851

26893

26587

24832

27226

26756

4.2

16012

14941

14621

14246

14939

14870

14801

-0.6

25

17.7

595

-1.5


90-03

3

8

663

824

26

33

3066

3255

5914

7143

..

4268

7170

6108

Solar Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Tide, Wave, Ocean Wind Industrial Waste

19 e 526 32 e

22 e 565 32 e

25 e 569 32 e

25 e 548 33 e

33

1.9

10867

12118 e

15417

11.2

8106

8460

7986

..


5316 e

7396 e

8374 e

8112 e

8262 e

8103 e

7947

3.3


5316 e

7396 e

8372 e

8111 e

8262 e

8100 e

7946

3.3

Solid Biomass

59084 e

46052

49951

44572

48379

48118 e

47634

-1.6

3332

5938

6122

6290

7046

6435

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

724296

697656

605110

706854

711076

..

..

585808

673890

638606

548158

642420

643394

..

0.7

15919

23851

26893

26587

24832

27226

..

4.2

16012

14941

14621

14246

14939

14870

3

8

663

824

26

33

3066

3255

..


20494 e

of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Tide, Wave, Ocean Wind

32 e 5914

565 32 e

25 e 569 32 e

25 e 548

..

-0.6

..

17.7

..

-1.5

33 e

..

1.9 11.2

7143

10867

12118 e

..

..

440

923

680

2322

3460

..

..

6716

7263

7175

7168

7019

..

2.9

4847

6716

7262

7175

7168

7018

..

2.9

13560 e

14352

17877

14948

16432

16592 e

..

1.6 ..


526

22 e

4846 e


19 e

Gas from Biomass

..

3121

4613

4966

4912

5999

..


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

37099

41867

38081

41297

39739

..

..


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

..

3828

6247

5428

5784

5000

..

.. 6.6


470 e

680 e

1111 e

937 e

1094 e

1084 e

..


469 e

680 e

1110 e

936 e

1094 e

1082 e

..

6.6

Solid Biomass

45524 e ..


20494 e

31700

32074

29624

31947

31526

..

-2.8

211

1325

1156

1378

1047

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




IEA North America 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

..

28551

27130

16071

18269

24362

24204

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

1993

187

782

1841

1328

1319

..


..

3641 e

7632 e

3113 e

3664 e

2399 e

2383

..

3641 e


..

7631 e

3112 e

3664 e

2383

..

Solid Biomass

..

19276

9489

8268

8669

17932

2398 e

17816

..

Gas from Biomass

..

-

2191

796

431

305

303

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

CHP Plants

..

28551

27130

16071

18269

24362

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

1993

187

782

1841

1328

..

..


..

3641 e

7632 e

3113 e

3664 e

2399 e

..

..


..

3641 e

7631 e

3112 e

3664 e

2398 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

19276

9489

8268

8669

17932

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

-

2191

796

431

305

..

..

of which:


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Heat Only Plants

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solid Biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from Biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..


..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..




IEA North America 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03*

590501 576432 14069

554876 537876 17000

548091 526356 21735

539652 515808 23844

346456 321345 25111

359846 319858 39988

395193 355224 39969

.. .. .. .. ..

2387 2387 -

2967 2967 -

54404 2142 52262

.. .. .. .. ..

2 2

128439 125190 3249

172195 69406 102789

144571 62971 81600

157851 78843 79008

182088 86451 95637

104560 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

135298 135298 -

171669 128894 42775

145212 132719 12493

161340 152847 8493

150124 137981 12143

150183 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87092 87092 -

135296 135296 -

171667 128892 42775

145211 132717 12494

161338 152845 8493

150122 137979 12143

150182 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2165090 915072 e 1250018

2809406 1334085 e 1475321

2771449 573085 e 2198364

2459754 568374 e 1891380

2412441 698416 1714025

2460068 633199 1826869

2510227 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

276 276 -

43304 43304 -

131753 71109 60644

145137 81860 63277

160435 81172 79263

161706 e 85761 75945

162665 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-

4063 49 -1106 3006

8828 e 80 e -7006 1902 e

10347 442 93 ..

.. .. .. .. ..



65871 e 5569 e 60302

62961 e 5982 e 56979

61550 e 5920 e 55630

59738 e 5745 e 53993



87094 e 87094 e -





4642 e 64 e -1923 2783 e

4891 e 64 e -2132 2823 e

6304 e 64 e -3315 3053 e




IEA Europe 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1499.58 88.05

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1559.15 98.25 e

1662.29 111.87 e

1694.06 113.29 e

1693.95 111.93 e

1725.35 114.70 e

1752.58 120.07

1.1 2.1 1.0

5.9

6.3

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.9

6954.92

7516.97

8613.86

8747.34

8854.94

8941.92

9157.00

2.0

0.22

0.21

0.19

0.19

0.19

0.19

0.19

-0.9

112

107

100

100

99

100

99

-0.9

453.71

466.66

477.71

480.60

483.10

485.57

487.39

0.5

3.31

3.34

3.48

3.52

3.51

3.55

3.60

0.6


2468.1

2675.0

3013.6

3069.3

3087.1

3161.9

3217.9

1.9


450.75

516.34

591.29 e

594.36 e

566.71 e

553.62 e

603.82

1.6

18.3

19.3

19.6

19.4

18.4

17.5

18.8

-0.3






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

161968

177808 e

198754 e

204374 e

212238 e

219821 e

..

2.4

Hydro

156060

167683

174795 e

175669

176780

177214 e

..

1.0

24701

33177

35734 e

35689

33190

32827 e

..

2.2

517

498

622

605

698

736

..

2.8

12

62

199

301

393

565 e

..

34.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

478

2456

12782

17379

23226

28198 e

..

36.8

-

1

159

159

147

180

..

-


1064

1756

2677 e

2874 e

3105 e

3633 e

..

9.9

Solid Biomass

2928

3894 e

383

464

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal

Industrial Waste

Gas from Biomass

5028 e

5640 e

6034 e

7190 e

..

7.2

1214

1505

1614

1864

..

12.9


334

842

1026


4337

7812

19583 e

21721 e

-

-

22903 e

25031 e

-

-

..

14.4




IEA Europe 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 ..


2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

545840 e

632099 e

638176 e

614336 e

604743 e

654054

..

453224

506214

555743

553224

513024

489067

514116

0.6

17093

20336

27746 e

28207

31880

34715

32952

5.6

3306

3564

4861

4702

4866

5523

5608

4.0

13

44

636

31.8


1995


125 e

198 e

287 e

473 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

571

568

573

543

536

539

518

-0.4

Wind

778

4077

22310

26848

36403

44379

..

4728

Solar Thermal

Industrial Waste

5844 e

7814 e

58092

36.5

7541 e

7123 e

7367

..


..

4444 e

8340 e

8838 e

9321 e

10292 e

10893

..


..

4066 e

7248 e

7799 e

8223 e

9286 e

9916

..

5717 e

15556 e

20442 e

20579 e

24705 e

27878 e

35584

13.0

Gas from Biomass

..

2579 e

6613 e

7631 e

9430 e

10183 e

11324

..


-

-

-

..

..

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

of which: ..

526877 e

604288 e

610007 e

582989 e

571160 e

453224

506214

555743

553224

513024

489067

..

0.6

17093

20336

27746 e

28207

31880

34715

..

5.6

3306

3564

4861

4702

4866

5523

13

44

Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics

125 e

198 e

287 e

473 e

..

4.0

..

31.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

571

568

573

543

536

539

..

-0.4

Wind

778

4077

22310

26848

36403

44379

..

36.5

Industrial Waste

..

4474

4569 e

6301 e

6193 e

5778 e

..

..


..

2157 e

4204 e

4388 e

4587 e

5062 e

..

..

Solar Thermal

..


981 e

Gas from Biomass

..


..

CHP Plants

2188 e

3878 e

4121 e

4283 e

4767 e

..

..

2059

2699 e

3401 e

4889 e

6975 e

..

16.3

1532 e

5326 e

6281 e

7921 e

8597 e

..

..

18963 e

27811 e

28169 e

31347 e

33583 e

-

..

..

-

-

-

-

254

1275 e

1513 e

1348 e

1345 e

..

..


..

2287 e

4136 e

4450 e

4734 e

5230 e

..

..


..

1878 e

3370 e

3678 e

3940 e

4519 e

..

..

4736 e

13497 e

17743 e

17178 e

19816 e

20903 e

..

12.1

Gas from Biomass

..

1047 e

1287 e

1350 e

1509 e

1586 e

..

..


-

-

-



-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

Geothermal

Solid Biomass

-

-

-


IEA Europe 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

190140 e

255192 e

274575 e

278236 e

311481 e

322885

..

Total Heat

..

Geothermal

..

402

654

714

748

1176

1128

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

81

..

Industrial Waste

..

2058

9942

10739

11011

8938

9059

..


..

52321 e

60866 e

63291 e

64325 e

71900 e

75840

..


..

42757 e

48551 e

50235 e

50996 e

60121 e

63696

..

Solid Biomass

..

74534

113416

127455

128859

149969

153271

..

Gas from Biomass

..

2003

2967

3208

3023

2811

3351

..


..

16059

18772

18906

19237

16515

16459

..

CHP Plants

..

113243 e

162142 e

171544 e

179521 e

205592 e

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

1169

4924

5170

5985

2987

..

..


..

38331 e

48164 e

50485 e

51820 e

58129 e

..

..


..

32967 e

39011 e

40685 e

41422 e

49578 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

36870

64700

70300

74436

90528

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

1426

2021

2152

2180

2193

..

..


..

2480

3322

2752

3678

2177

..

..

Heat Only Plants

..

76897

93050

103031

98715

105889

..

..

Geothermal

..

402

654

714

748

1176

..

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

..

..

Industrial Waste

..

889

5018

5569

5026

5951

..

..


..

13990 e

12702 e

12806 e

12505 e

13771 e

..

..


..

9574 e

10543 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

37664

48716

57155

54423

59441

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

577

946

1056

843

618

..

..


..

13579

15450

16154

15559

14338

..

..

of which:

9790 e

9540 e

9550 e




IEA Europe 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03*

154256 e 119284 34972

173780 128897 44883

229226 e 176109 e 53117

227442 e 170464 e 56978

235460 e 176414 e 59046

262491 200944 61547

270059 204144 65915

.. .. .. .. ..

7287 6 7281

17105 8 17097

28195 e 28 28167 e

31127 32 31095

34127 53 34074

38443 73 38370

40665 81 40584

.. .. .. .. ..

72632 e 50368 e 22264 e

98196 e 75071 e 23125 e

119913 e 95731 e 24182 e

119423 e 94055 e 25368 e

120093 e 92036 e 28057 e

121929 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

132540 e -1469 126092 e 4979 e

185967 e 173479 e 12488 e

195864 e 181727 e 14137 e

200213 e -340 183677 e 16196 e

223728 e 397 206493 e 17632 e

231848 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

118771 e -1471 113109 e 4191 e

162419 e -1 151287 e 11131 e

172352 e -1 159772 e 12579 e

175541 e -340 160933 e 14268 e

203969 e 394 188805 e 15558 e

212286 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

e e

1948013 e 14809 -834 214641 e 1747347 e

2107502 e 26249 -126 285959 e 1847666 e

2121050 e 29790 -123 305602 e 1845115

2131167 e 35192 -243 340119 e 1825997

e e

2277767 42646 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

29327 e 14669 e 14658 e

53176 e -25 34698 e 18453 e

97328 e -43 75999 e 21286 e

118920 e -27 88391 e 30502 e

143988 e -29 107958 e 36001 e

141974 e -3562 119682 e 18730 e

148820 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

249 249

806 9 815

1319 -89 1230

1538 -140 1398

2391 -194 78 ..

.. .. .. .. ..




45272 e 27321 e 17951 e


101801 e -35 100194 e 1572


90998 e -34 90159 e 805


1804736 5295 8640 112603 1706068

e e

2249482 41476 -86 401319 1889553

e e



7 7

939 -15 924




European Union - 15 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1324.05 63.10

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1381.51 70.73 e

1467.11 83.16 e

1501.17 86.41 e

1494.87 83.49 e

1525.52 87.95 e

1545.70 92.23

1.1 2.6 1.5

4.8

5.1

5.7

5.8

5.6

5.8

6.0

6379.61

6900.14

7899.26

8037.30

8124.54

8196.46

8377.20

1.9

0.21

0.20

0.19

0.19

0.18

0.19

0.18

-0.8

112

108

100

101

99

100

99

-0.8

365.74

372.92

378.06

379.78

381.19

382.46

383.21

0.3

3.62

3.70

3.88

3.95

3.92

3.99

4.03

0.7


2143.3

2309.8

2575.0

2646.2

2650.3

2732.8

2776.5

1.9


274.37

320.45

380.68 e

406.50 e

363.69 e

374.06 e

409.91

2.4

12.8

13.9

14.8

15.4

13.7

13.7

14.8

0.5






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

114885

124673 e

141800 e

147376 e

154210 e

160621 e

..

2.6

Hydro

109239

114976

118454 e

119184

119482

119549

..

0.7

22179

30558

31574 e

31529

28738

28375

..

1.9

499

480

604

587

680

721

..

2.9

10

49

178

277

367

537

..

35.9

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

478

2453

12746

17340

23098

28063

..

36.8

-

-

139

139

128

108

..

-

892

1514

2391 e

2588 e

2803 e

3308 e

..

10.6

Solar Thermal

Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass

2928

3889 e

380

455

4916 e

5528 e

5817 e

6268 e

..

6.0

1200

1491

1594

1826

..

12.8


267

705

920


3734

6812

10580 e

-

-

12170

12877

14175 e

-

-

..

10.8




European Union - 15 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 ..


2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

347395 e

418014 e

446931 e

407824 e

421233 e

456328

..

276089

309983

344759

365025

309540

308812

320546

0.9

15669

18323

25324 e

25865

29395

31663

30165

5.6

3226

3478

4785

4612

4761

5434

5515

4.1

12

39

615

32.3


1995


114 e

186 e

273 e

456 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

571

568

573

543

536

539

518

-0.4

Wind

778

4067

22243

26754

36272

44085

57755

36.4

..

4712

7307

..

Solar Thermal

Industrial Waste

5589 e

7554 e

7273 e

7058 e


..

3919 e

7536 e

8056 e

8579 e

9461 e

9927

..


..

3542 e

6443 e

7017 e

7483 e

8457 e

8951

..

19665 e

19875 e

23993 e

27059 e

34204

13.0

6307

7309

9114

9872 e

10990

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

5525 e

Solid Biomass

14734

Gas from Biomass

..

2353 e


-

-

..

330195

392664 e

421077 e

378758 e

390025

276089

309983

344759

365025

309540

308812

..

0.9

15669

18323

25324 e

25865

29395

31663

..

5.6

3226

3478

4785

4612

4761

5434

12

39

of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics

114 e

186 e

273 e

456 e

..

4.1

..

32.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

571

568

573

543

536

539

..

-0.4

Wind

778

4067

22243

26754

36272

44085

..

36.4

Industrial Waste

..

4474

4518 e

6235 e

6116 e

5725 e

..

..


..

2157 e

4204 e

4359 e

4586 e

5056 e

..

..

Solar Thermal

2188 e

3878 e

4092 e

4282 e

4761 e

..

..

797 e

..

1767

2335 e

3060 e

4535 e

6597 e

..

17.7

Gas from Biomass

..

1474

5255

6211

7857

8560

..

..


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..


..

CHP Plants

17200 e

25350 e

-

-

-

-

..

238

1071 e

1319 e

1157 e

1333 e

..

..


..

1762 e

3332 e

3697 e

3993 e

4405 e

..

..


..

1354 e

2565 e

2925 e

3201 e

3696 e

..

..

17330 e

16815 e

19458 e

20462 e

..

11.9

1052

1098

1257

1312 e

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

12967

Gas from Biomass

..

879 e


-

-



-

31208 e

Industrial Waste

4728 e

-

29066 e

Geothermal

Solid Biomass

-

25854 e

-

-


European Union - 15 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995 171288 e

2000 229868

2001

2002

247577 e

250518 e

2003

2004e

90-03 ..

Total Heat

..

286295

293023

Geothermal

..

138

436

449

474

919

910

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

81

..

Industrial Waste

..

980

7002

7587

8001

8404

8488

..


..

44519 e

51862 e

53796 e

54529 e

61629 e

63410

..


..

34955 e

39548 e

40740 e

41199 e

49851 e

51269

..

Solid Biomass

..

73154

109882

123517

124691

146509

149468

..

Gas from Biomass

..

1546

2521

2728

2571

2656

3177

..


..

15990

18593

18733

19016

16276

16220

..

CHP Plants

..

98064 e

148915 e

156186 e

186111

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar Thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial Waste

..

966

2632

2755

3601

2953

..

..


..

31548 e

40211 e

42094 e

43057 e

49556 e

..

..


..

26184 e

31059 e

32295 e

32658 e

41007 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

35857

61683

67220

71354

88341

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

1029

1711

1799

1838

2077

..

..


..

2480

3322

2752

3678

2177

..

..

Heat Only Plants

..

73224

89250

98662

94332

100183

..

..

Geothermal

..

138

436

449

474

919

..

..

Solar Thermal

..

6

24

27

37

51

..

..

Industrial Waste

..

14

4370

4832

4400

5451

..

..


..

11651 e

11702 e

11472 e

12073 e

..

..


..

8844 e

..

..

Solid Biomass

..

37297

48199

56297

53337

58168

..

..

Gas from Biomass

..

517

810

929

733

579

..

..


..

13510

15271

15981

15338

14098

..

..

of which:

12971 e 8771 e

140618

8489 e

8445 e

8541 e




European Union - 15 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

129966 e 116404 13562

145545 125507 20038

193195 e 173131 e 20064

187336 e 166929 e 20407

192963 e 172344 e 20619

217905 197462 20443

220978 200360 20618

.. .. .. .. ..

5799 6 5793

10473 8 10465

16248 e 28 16220 e

18015 32 17983

19831 53 19778

22773 73 22700

23856 81 23775

.. .. .. .. ..

62870 e 49056 e 13814 e

80203 e 68851 e 11352 e

101233 e 89298 e 11935 e

100933 e 87658 e 13275 e

104084 e 90734 e 13350 e

104684 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

115945 e -1469 109497 e 4979 e

164409 e 1 152522 e 11888 e

172708 e 159521 e 13187 e

177455 e 162204 e 15251 e

200299 e 186265 e 14034 e

208801 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

80002 e -34 79163 e 805

102178 e -1471 96516 e 4191 e

140861 e 130330 e 10531 e

149197 e -1 137568 e 11628 e

152783 e 139460 e 13323 e

180541 e -2 168579 e 11960 e

189238 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1429983 e 5897 9301 109463 e 1335718 e

1551796 e 14429 710 196379 e 1370556 e

1734326 e 26042 -126 271716 e 1488526 e

1750208 29218 -123 290783 e 1488520

1753522 33882 -125 325827 e 1461452

1862866 39309 -126 386173 1515876

1898232 41428 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

48919 e -25 32363 e 16531

92035 e -43 73280 e 18712

113507 e -27 85508 e 27972

138541 e -29 105157 e 33355

136156 -3562 117353 15241

142680 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

237 237

739 6 745

1425 -97 1328

2308 -145 79 ..

.. .. .. .. ..




38562 e 27321 e 11241 e


90804 e -35 89197 e 1572



e e e e


27722 14182 13540


7 7

868 -15 853

1215 -58 1157

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. (2) Includes statistical difference, stock changes, energy consumed in the energy sector and distribution losses. Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004). Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



Australia 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

87.54 5.07

94.37 5.53

109.77 6.39

108.28 6.46

111.89 6.70

112.65 6.39

114.52 6.17

2.0 1.8 -0.2

5.8

5.9

5.8

6.0

6.0

5.7

5.4

273.23

320.52

387.53

402.57

415.49

431.16

446.50

3.6

0.32

0.29

0.28

0.27

0.27

0.26

0.26

-1.6

113

104

100

95

95

92

91

-1.6

17.18

18.20

19.28

19.53

19.76

20.01

20.19

1.2

5.10

5.19

5.69

5.54

5.66

5.63

5.67

0.8


154.3

173.0

207.4

216.8

226.2

227.9

238.8

3.0


14.75

16.59

17.90

17.99

17.79

18.17

18.52

1.6

9.6

9.6

8.6

8.3

7.9

8.0

7.8

-1.4






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

8321

8960

9685

9886

9987

10138

..

1.5

Hydro

8321

8564

9201

9201

9260

9278

..

0.8

940

940

1490

1490

1490

1490

..

3.6


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

13

29

34

39

40

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

2

33

76

106

190

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

332

483

483

530

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

90

92

99

100

..

-


..

381

-

-

-

-

-

..


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Australia 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

15480

16939 e

18260

18359

17962

18365

18720

1.3

Hydro

14880

16239

17137

16786

16032

16248

16053

0.7

732

354

360

370

177

200

200

-9.5 -


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

3

4

5

5

2

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

7

56

207

361

699

1000

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.7

670 e

685

633

710

750

945

Gas from Biomass

600 -

23

379

729

854

663

720

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity Only Plants

14880

16269

17575

17726

17051

17505

..

1.3

Hydro

14880

16239

17137

16786

16032

16248

..

0.7

732

354

360

370

177

200

..

-9.5

Solid Biomass

of which:


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

3

4

5

5

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

7

56

207

361

699

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

80

90

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

23

379

729

573

463

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

685

633

911

860

..

2.8

CHP Plants

600

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

685

633

630

660

..

0.7

Solid Biomass

600

670 e

670 e

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

281

200

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Australia 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3405 3405

3331 3331

3418 3418

3617 3617

3671 3671

3738 3738

2616 2616

0.7 0.7

7767 7767

7823 7823

7490 7490

5881 5881

6179 6179

6200 6200

1322 ..

-1.7 -1.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

197572 e 23310 174262 e

197754 23597 174157

207274 22641 184633

195500 23597 171903

186546 .. ..

1.6 -1.7 2.3

5780 e 5780 e -

9331 9331 -

11016 11016 -

7980 7980 -

8408 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-





-


-


158108 29683 e 128425 e

170313 e 24120 e 146193 e


-

676 676 -

-

-


-




Austria 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

25.03 5.01

27.09 5.84

28.95 6.46

30.69 6.65

31.13 6.62

33.18 6.58

32.85 6.98

2.2 2.1

20.0

21.6

22.3

21.7

21.3

19.8

21.3

-0.1

150.67

167.72

193.84

195.23

197.51

199.00

203.00

2.2

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.16

0.16

0.17

0.16

0.0

111

108

100

105

106

112

108

0.0

Population (millions)

7.68

7.95

8.01

8.03

8.05

8.10

8.11

0.4

TPES/population(3)

3.26

3.41

3.61

3.82

3.87

4.10

4.05

1.8


49.3

55.2

60.2

60.7

60.4

61.2

61.7

1.7

32.64

38.90

43.55

42.03

41.81

38.45

40.12

1.3

66.2

70.5

72.4

69.3

69.2

62.9

65.0

-0.4

Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

11353

11856

12398

12404

12618

14668

..

2.0

Hydro

10947

11304

11547

11550

11698

13186

..

1.4

-

2975

3568

3568

3568

3568

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

1

5

7

9

9

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

54

69

133

343

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


6

6

12

12

12

364

..

37.1


400

544

780

766

766

766

..

5.1

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


434

1241

2100

2200

2400

2570

..

14.7

Solid Biomass




Austria 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

33688

40384

45342

43918

44090

40769

42974

1.5

Hydro

32507

38477

43497

41837

42004

38366

39918

1.3

998

1410

1658

1650

2073

2022

2537

5.6


-

-

-

-

3

3

3

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

1

3

4

4

12

12

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

67

172

203

366

926

-

38

48

80

175

161

184

192

12.9

Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Renew. Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew.

..

14

32

29

30

71

74

..

17

25

52

59

49

115

121

15.8 2.8

1116

1766

1509

1521

1580

1590

1663

Gas from Biomass

-

52

102

121

56

62

65

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


33023

39215

44185

42702

42939

39637

..

1.4

Hydro

32507

38477

43497

41837

42004

38366

..

1.3

998

1410

1658

1650

2073

2022

..

5.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

3

3

..

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

1

3

4

4

12

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

67

172

203

366

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

52

22

53

47

..

-


..

-

14

14

16

57

..

..

Solid Biomass

of which:


-

-

23

23

26

93

..

-

516

711

469

533

599

656

..

1.9

Gas from Biomass

-

25

60

97

31

37

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

665

1169

1157

1216

1151

1132

..

4.2


CHP Plants Geothermal Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Renew. Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

38

48

28

153

108

137

..

10.4

..

14

18

15

14

14

..

..

17

25

29

36

23

22

..

2.0 3.5

600

1055

1040

988

981

934

..

Gas from Biomass

-

27

42

24

25

25

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass




Austria 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

3998

7860

11763

14417

13886

15853

15368

11.2

Geothermal

91

91

378

378

389

427

414

12.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

749

966

642

617

767

668

648

-0.9 4.6

Solar Thermal Industrial Waste

620

1099

1032

1069

1160

1109

1075


1134

1862

1747

1744

1873

1809

1754

3.7

Solid Biomass

1404

3645

7748

10381

9460

11558

11204

17.6

Gas from Biomass

-

197

216

228

237

282

273

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

2094

3041

2582

3197

3271

3615

..

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

749

966

642

579

767

631

..

-1.3


484

626

606

605

603

646

..

2.2


861

1022

989

986

964

1053

..

1.6

Solid Biomass

-

230

129

799

700

1032

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

197

216

228

237

253

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1904

4819

9181

11220

10615

12238

..

15.4 12.6


of which:

Heat Only Plants

91

91

378

378

389

427

..

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

38

-

37

..

-

Geothermal


136

473

426

464

557

463

..

9.9


273

840

758

758

909

756

..

8.2

1404

3415

7619

9582

8760

10526

..

16.8

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

29

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass




Austria 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

242 182 60

264 182 82

947 756 191

947 756 191

1211 886 325

1320 962 358

1327 936 391

13.9 13.7 14.7

621 621

1494 1494

2661 2661

2785 2785

2903 2903

3297 3297

3691 3691

13.7 13.7

6576 2542 4034

7005 1929 5076

8454 1966 6488

8908 1905 7003

11320 2902 8418

11065 2921 8144

10791 .. ..

4.1 1.1 5.6

1486 1486 -

1718 1718 -

1751 1751 -

1868 1868 -

2198 2198 -

2528 .. -

7.0 7.0 -

1497 1497 -

2425 2425 -

2802 2802 -

2858 2858 -

3047 3047 -

3586 3586 -

4126 .. -

7.0 7.0 -

92606 2054 -545 7712 86403

105490 928 189 18141 88466

114163 -2067 21599 90497

127436 -2261 22010 103165

125112 -657 27811 96644

134906 -784 31031 103091

146509 -2720 .. ..

2.9 x 11.3 1.4

-

849 800 49

1586 1433 153

1837 1732 105

1383 1306 77

1784 1472 312

2185 .. ..

-

7 7

11 11

20 20

22 22

21 21

21 21

21 ..

8.8 8.8





917 917 -








Belgium 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

49.11 0.48

52.25 0.49

58.89 0.56

58.62 0.61

56.54 0.61

59.16 0.77

57.49 0.85

1.4 3.7 2.2

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

184.36

199.52

228.42

230.06

232.14

235.06

241.40

1.9

0.27

0.26

0.26

0.25

0.24

0.25

0.24

-0.4

103

102

100

99

94

98

92

-0.4


9.97

10.14

10.25

10.28

10.33

10.37

10.39

0.3

TPES/population(3)

4.93

5.15

5.75

5.70

5.47

5.70

5.53

1.1


70.3

73.5

82.8

78.6

80.9

83.6

84.8

1.3


0.56

0.67

1.04

1.08

1.14

1.19

1.43

6.1

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.7

4.7






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

1485

1569

1749

1777

1805

1889

..

1.9

Hydro

1401

1403

1413

1421

1421

1420

..

0.1

1307

1307

1310

1310

1310

1310

..

0.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

1

1

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

5

5

14

26

31

67

..

22.1

Industrial Waste

-

-

139

139

128

105

..

-


-

-

97

101

134

133

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

47

62

57

121

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

39

28

33

42

..

-


79

161

-

-

-

-

-

-


34

36

41

44

50

58

..

4.2





Belgium 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1627

2281

3051

3264

3209

3027

3585

4.9

897

1230

1699

1644

1490

1316

1643

3.0

631

892

1239

1203

1130

1069

1297

4.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

7

9

16

37

57

88

128

21.5

Industrial Waste

231

441

385

527

493

284

308

1.6


140 e

187 e

306

297

313

306

352

6.2


210 e

280 e

383

459

448

482

555

6.6

Solid Biomass

135

121

164

173

271

377

417

8.2

Gas from Biomass

7

13

98

127

137

174

182

28.0


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1627

2281

2533

2558

2546

2409

..

3.1

897

1230

1699

1644

1490

1316

..

3.0

631

892

1239

1203

1130

1069

..

4.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

7

9

16

37

57

88

..

21.5

Industrial Waste

231

441

72

36

63

86

..

-7.3


140 e

187 e

290

281

298

229

..

3.9


210 e

280 e

367

443

433

378

..

4.6

Solid Biomass

135

121

11

17

95

178

..

2.1

7

13

78

100

110

134

..

25.5

Total Electricity Hydro of which: Pumped Storage

of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

518

706

663

618

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

313

491

430

198

..

-


-

-

16

16

15

77

..

-


-

-

16

16

15

104

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

153

156

176

199

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

20

27

27

40

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Belgium 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

368

188

832

1629

1279

1905

2184

13.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

68

14

97

361

21

-

-

-


120 e

70 e

347

619

616

751

864

15.2


180 e

104 e

347

619

616

1091

1254

14.9

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

41

30

26

63

66

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

389

874

571

1689

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

78

314

21

-

-

-

of which:


-

-

135

265

262

695

..

-


-

-

135

265

262

931

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

41

30

26

63

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

368

188

443

755

708

216

..

-4.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

68

14

19

47

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants


120 e

70 e

212

354

354

56

..

-5.7


180 e

104 e

212

354

354

160

..

-0.9

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Belgium 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

43 43

53 53

53 53

60 60

48 48

48 48

48 48

0.8 0.8

35 35

39 39

43 43

56 56

67 67

104 104

104 104

8.7 8.7

3314 e 3314 e -

5365 e 5365 e -

5705 e 5705 e -

7186 e 7186 e -

6488 6488 -

5774 5774 -

6262 .. -

4.4 4.4 -

5418 e 5418 e -

5896 5896 -

5987 5987 -

5664 5664 -

7620 7620 -

8763 .. -

3.8 3.8 -

8126 e 8126 e -

7633 7633 -

8871 8871 -

8090 8090 -

11930 11930 -

13720 .. -

4.1 4.1 -

9719 3575 600 12694

10197 4373 766 13804

11456 4233 822 14867

10621 5684 1681 14624

14466 6672 2656 18482

16001 6672 .. ..

0.2 12.0 2.5

269 146 123

461 173 288

1207 1080 127

1862 1441 421

1909 1508 401

2157 1837 320

2256 .. ..

17.4 21.5 7.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





4706 e 4706 e -


7058 e 7058 e -


14064 608 e 13456 e






Canada 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$)

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

209.10 33.67

231.76 38.66

251.94 42.35 e

248.32 39.48 e

249.21 41.83 e

260.64 40.79 e

260.73 40.84

1.7 1.5 -0.2

16.1

16.7

16.8

15.9

16.8

15.6

15.7

535.63

583.01

714.45

727.17

752.10

767.13

789.80

2.8

0.39

0.40

0.35

0.34

0.33

0.34

0.33

-1.1

111

113

100

97

94

96

94

-1.1

27.70

29.30

30.69

31.02

31.36

31.63

31.85

1.0

7.55

7.91

8.21

8.01

7.95

8.24

8.19

0.7

481.9

559.9

605.5

589.6

601.0

586.9

590.3

1.5

300.63

341.54

366.90 e

342.18 e

359.92 e

347.58 e

62.4

61.0

60.6

58.0

59.9

59.2

TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3) Electricity Generation (TWh)(4) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)

347.94

1.1

58.9

-0.4




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

60325 e

65799 e

68861 e

68879 e

71157 e

72793 e

..

1.5

Hydro

59381

64750

67407 e

67059

69206

70374

..

1.3

177 e

186

177

177

177

177

..

-0.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

2

7

9

10

12

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

20

20 e

20 e

20

20

..

-

Wind

1

22

92 e

131

161

327

..

56.1

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


4 e

4 e

4 e

4 e

4 e

4 e

..

-


Tide, Wave, Ocean

914 e

991 e

1227 e

1555 e

1655 e

1955 e

..

6.0

Gas from Biomass

5 e

10 e

104 e

101 e

101 e

101 e

..

26.0


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass




Canada 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

300745

341657

367024

342296

360043

347698

348063

1.1

Hydro

296848

336034

358620

333430

350665

337670

337733

1.0

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

4

16 e

19 e

22 e

23 e

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

26

33

Wind

-

59

264

337

408

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

10 e

10 e

10 e

10 e

10 e

10 e

10

-

9 e

9 e

9 e

9 e

9 e

9 e

9

-


Tide, Wave, Ocean


32 e

32 e

32 e

23

-

-

-

33 e

33

1.9

818 e

1120

-

-

-

3829

5465

7365

7751

8169

8407 e

8407

6.2

23

43

708

708

728

728

728

30.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


300726

341638

367005

342277

360024

347679

..

1.1

Hydro

296848

336034

358620

333430

350665

337670

..

1.0

111

111

111

111

111

111

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

4

16 e

19 e

22 e

23 e

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.9

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified of which:


26

33

Wind

-

59

264

337

408

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

32 e

32 e

32 e

33 e

..

818 e

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3829

5465

7365

7751

8169

8407 e

..

6.2

23

43

708

708

728

728

..

30.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

19

19

19

19

19

19

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10 e

10 e

10 e

10 e

10 e

10 e

..

-


9 e

9 e

9 e

9 e

9 e

9 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew. Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified


-




Canada 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 2

7 7

3 3

3 3

3 3

3 3

3 ..

3.2 3.2

179 179 -

179 179 -

179 179 -

179 179 -

179 179 -

179 179 -

179 .. -

-

178 178 -

178 178 -

178 178 -

178 178 -

178 178 -

178 .. -

-

473910 78422 395488

474994 80707 394287

476000 .. ..

2.6 6.2 2.0

8005 e 8005 -

8005 .. -

29.6 29.6 -

144 e 80 e 224 e

144 80 ..

-





Municipal Solid Waste - Non-Renewables Production Net Imports (1)

178 178 -



340703 36758 e 303945

408164 52464 e 355700

467640 70704 e 396936

438020 74410 e 363610

7787 7787 -

7787 7787 -


276 276 -

516 516 -

-

-

8005 8005 -


144 e 64 e 208 e

144 e 64 e 208 e

144 e 64 e 208 e




Czech Republic 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100)

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

47.38 0.12

41.02 0.60

40.40 0.61

41.41 0.70

41.74 0.86

44.12 1.17

44.54 1.28

-0.5 18.8 19.5

0.3

1.5

1.5

1.7

2.1

2.6

2.9

54.39

51.83

55.70

57.17

58.03

60.18

62.60

0.8

0.87

0.79

0.73

0.72

0.72

0.73

0.71

-1.3

120

109

100

100

99

101

98

-1.3

10.36

10.33

10.27

10.22

10.20

10.20

10.20

-0.1

TPES/population(3)

4.57

3.97

3.93

4.05

4.09

4.32

4.37

-0.4


62.6

60.6

72.9

74.2

76.0

82.8

83.8

2.2


1.45

2.41

2.28

2.57

2.99

1.88

2.52

2.0

2.3

4.0

3.1

3.5

3.9

2.3

3.0

-0.1






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

..

1399

2098

2146

2151

2950

..

-

Hydro

..

1399

2097

2145

2145

2149

..

-

..

491

1145

1145

1145

1145

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

1

1

6

11

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

53

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

3

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

709

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

25

..

-


-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





Czech Republic 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

1445

2695

3036

3180

3536

2295

3072

3.6

Hydro

1445

2274

2313

2467

2845

1794

2562

1.7

-

272

555

413

353

411

544

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

2

4

10

-

Industrial Waste

-

16

201

195

191

-

-

-



-

-

2

2

2

8

9

-


-

-

3

2

2

8

9

-

Solid Biomass

-

302

382

381

367

373

382

-

Gas from Biomass

-

103

135

133

127

108

100

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


1445

2312

2488

2652

3027

1812

..

1.8

Hydro

1445

2274

2313

2467

2845

1794

..

1.7

-

272

555

413

353

411

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

2

4

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

13

14

13

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

27

135

141

138

13

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

11

27

30

29

1

..

-

of which:



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

383

548

528

509

483

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

16

188

181

178

-

-

-


-

-

2

2

2

8

..

-


-

-

3

2

2

8

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

275

247

240

229

360

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

92

108

103

98

107

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Czech Republic 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

-

2415

7740

8091

8042

5305

5335

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

928

2473

2606

2568

306

320

-


-

-

832

863

863

1177

1186

-


-

-

832

863

864

1176

1184

-

Solid Biomass

-

1090

3219

3362

3361

2552

2550

-

Gas from Biomass

-

397

384

397

386

94

95

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

1539

7200

7541

7501

3939

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

203

2292

2415

2384

34

..

-


-

-

832

863

863

824

..

-


-

-

832

863

864

823

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

939

2934

3074

3075

2175

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

397

310

326

315

83

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

876

540

550

541

1366

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

725

181

191

184

272

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

353

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

353

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

151

285

288

286

377

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

74

71

71

11

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:




Czech Republic 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

63 63

-

5528 5105 423

5592 5135 457

5567 5101 466

2905 339 2566

4140 .. ..

-

-

1852 -1 1350 501

2207 1311 896

2257 1312 945

2098 1636 462

2212 .. ..

x -

-

1852 -1 1350 501

2208 1311 897

2258 1313 945

2098 1636 462

2212 .. ..

x -




-

1162 e 1162 -


-


-


-

16009 e 3506 12503 e

13372 7974 5398

15391 7971 7420

20634 7873 12761

37462 8192 29270

40762 .. ..

x -

-

1417 e 1417 -

1509 1427 82

1557 1441 116

1505 1409 96

1729 845 884

2102 .. ..

-

-

12 12

67 3 70

71 71

104 -31 73

113 -43 70

83 -49 -1 ..

x -






Denmark 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

17.85 1.09

20.06 1.41

19.43 1.94

19.96 2.07

19.70 2.27

20.76 2.51

20.10 2.76

1.2 6.6 5.4

6.1

7.0

10.0

10.4

11.5

12.1

13.7

125.72

138.60

158.23

160.69

162.32

163.04

166.40

2.0

0.14

0.14

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.13

0.12

-0.8

116

118

100

101

99

104

98

-0.8


5.14

5.23

5.34

5.36

5.38

5.39

5.40

0.4

TPES/population(3)

3.47

3.83

3.64

3.73

3.66

3.85

3.73

0.8


26.0

36.7

36.1

37.8

39.3

46.3

40.3

4.5


0.83

1.98

5.85

6.14

7.10

8.41

9.85

19.5

3.2

5.4

16.2

16.3

18.1

18.2

24.4

14.3






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

412

909

2785

2989

3437

3782

..

18.6

9

10

10

11

11

11

..

1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

1

1

2

2

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18.5

Total Capacity Hydro of which: Pumped Storage

343

616

2417

2556

2886

3115

..

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

150

230

241

270

285

..

-

Solid Biomass

40

110

86

133

215

311

..

17.1

Gas from Biomass

20

23

41

47

53

58

..

8.5


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


57

144

246

271

282

298

..

13.6

Wind




Denmark 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

848 e

2117 e

6126

6437

7411

8745

10180

19.7

28

30

30

28

32

21

27

-2.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

610

1177

4241

4306

4877

5561

6584

18.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


47

455

959

1021

1075

1148

1147

27.9


15

139

276

293

309

331

331

26.9


Wind Industrial Waste

208

411

568

878

1407

1819

21.8

40 e

108 e

209

221

240

277

272

16.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

638

1217

4274

4337

4910

5584

..

18.2

28

30

30

28

32

21

..

-2.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

610

1177

4241

4306

4877

5561

..

18.5

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

108

Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage

Wind


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

2

3

3

1

2

..

-

-

Comb. Renewables Non-Specified CHP Plants

210 e

900 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

1852

2100

2501

3161

..

23.2 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

47

455

959

1021

1075

1148

..

27.9

15

139

276

293

309

331

..

26.9

108

200

411

568

878

1407

..

21.8

40 e

106 e

206

218

239

275

..

16.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal Solid Waste Renew. Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew. Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004).

Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.



Denmark 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

19518

27973

34723

36555

38833

43166

44738

6.3

Geothermal

48

47

58

71

85

82

85

4.2

6

6

24

27

37

51

81

17.9

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


9040

11527

14930

15961

16601

17769

18269

5.3


2924

3534

4296

4592

4775

5112

5256

4.4

Solid Biomass

7373

9693

10888

11525

13187

16060

16761

6.2

127

466

903

966

955

984

1088

17.1

-

2700

3624

3413

3193

3108

3198

-

CHP Plants

882

8659

16998

18185

20826

24332

..

29.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps of which:


348

5026

10187

11093

12038

12795

..

32.0


112

1541

2931

3191

3463

3681

..

30.8

Solid Biomass

319

1754

3189

3163

4568

7021

..

26.8

Gas from Biomass

103

338

691

738

757

835

..

17.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18636

19314

17725

18370

18007

18834

..

0.1

48

47

58

71

85

82

..

4.2

6

6

24

27

37

51

..

17.9

Waste Heat and Heat Pumps Heat Only Plants Geothermal Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


8692

6501

4743

4868

4563

4974

..

-4.2


2812

1993

1365

1401

1312

1431

..

-5.1

Solid Biomass

7054

7939

7699

8362

8619

9039

..

1.9

24

128

212

228

198

149

..

15.1

-

2700

3624

3413

3193

3108

..

-

Industrial Waste

Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004).




Denmark 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

96 96 -

94 94 -

116 116 -

142 142 -

170 170 -

164 164 -

170 170 -

4.2 4.2 -

99 6 93

213 8 205

335 28 307

345 32 313

372 42 330

394 57 337

448 81 367

11.2 18.9 10.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11065 -1 10392 672

17533 -1 16535 997

23601 1 22380 1222

25032 23606 1426

26387 24529 1858

28135 26225 1910

28912 .. ..

7.4 x 7.4 8.4

4434 4165 269

5374 -2 5068 304

6790 6438 352

7202 -1 6792 409

7592 7057 535

8095 -2 7544 549

8318 .. ..

4.7 x 4.7 5.6

31472 -1 9033 22438

34913 233 3 12024 23125

36547 2466 14584 24429

38715 3871 3 17028 25561

42749 4202 1 20373 26579

46523 6369 25961 26931

48907 9437 .. ..

3.1 x 8.5 1.4

752 528 224

1758 -6 1455 297

2912 -43 2442 427

3047 -27 2549 471

3362 -29 2761 572

3578 -35 2962 581

3778 .. ..

12.7 x 14.2 7.6

-

-

-

25 -25 -

40 -40 -

45 -45 -

46 -46 -

-












Finland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

29.17 5.49

29.63 6.13

32.99 7.78

33.81 7.54

35.62 7.78

37.55 7.83

37.59 8.63

2.0 2.8

18.8

20.7

23.6

22.3

21.8

20.9

22.9

0.8

99.57

95.20

119.91

121.18

123.94

126.45

131.50

1.9

0.29

0.31

0.28

0.28

0.29

0.30

0.29

0.1

106

113

100

101

104

108

104

0.1


4.99

5.11

5.18

5.19

5.20

5.21

5.22

0.3

TPES/population(3)

5.85

5.80

6.37

6.52

6.85

7.20

7.20

1.6


54.4

63.2

70.0

74.5

74.9

84.2

85.7

3.4

10.86

19.54

23.27

21.61

20.60

19.27

25.12

4.5

20.0

30.9

33.2

29.0

27.5

22.9

29.3

1.1






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

3604

3930 e

4223

4437

4510

4510 e

..

1.7

Hydro

2621

2777

2882

2895

2964

2964

..

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

1

3

3

3

3

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

38

39

43

43

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1300

1500

1500

..

3.3


Solid Biomass

983

1146 e

1500 e

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

8 e

8

8

8 e

..

-




Finland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

10859

19544

23619

21962

20970

19856

25708

4.8

Hydro

10859

12925

14660

13205

10776

9591

14937

-1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

11

78

70

64

93

121

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

324

276

289

472

470

-



-

-

35 e

120 e

129 e

175

177

-


-

-

24 e

80 e

86 e

116

118

-

Solid Biomass

-

6608

8476

8189

9596

9385

9858

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

22

22

30

24

27

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


10859

13057

15203

14200

11896

11192

..

0.2

Hydro

10859

12925

14660

13205

10776

9591

..

-1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

11

78

70

64

93

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

50

53

54

177

..

-


-

-

25 e

28 e

40

..

-


-

-

26

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

121

413

830

954

1264

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

1

1

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

6487

8416

7762

9074

8664

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

274

223

235

295

..

-


-

-

34 e

95 e

101 e

135

..

-


-

-

23 e

63 e

67 e

90

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

6487

8063

7359

8642

8121

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

22

22

29

23

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:


1 e 1 e



17 e

19 e


Finland 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

-

6593

22555

24111

28140

39329

40867

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

5755

6054

5771

6495

6500

-


-

285 e

1329

1331

-

190 e

583 e 320 e

825 e 426 e

727 e


-

698

699

Solid Biomass

-

6118

15731

16642

21107

361 e

30525

32051

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

165

149

159

271

273

-


-

-

1

15

15

11

13

-

CHP Plants

-

2836

14390

14746

19358

27375

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

1423

1307

1371

1081

..

-


-

-

233 e

573 e

624 e

1079

..

-


-

-

86 e

258 e

292 e

532

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

2836

12628

12583

17036

24585

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

20

25

35

98

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

3757

8165

9365

8782

11954

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

4332

4747

4400

5414

..

-


-

285 e

250

..

-


-

166

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

3282

3103

4059

4071

5940

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

145

124

124

173

..

-


-

-

1

15

15

11

..

-

of which:

190 e

350 e 234 e

252 e 168 e

103 e 69 e




Finland 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6 6

9 e 9 e

9 9

9 9

10 10

10 10

-

-

-

8660 7868 792

8944 8084 860

9024 8243 781

11880 11076 804

12117 .. ..

-

470 e 470 e -

292 e 292 e -

1137 e 804 e 333 e

1934 e 1574 e 360 e

1863 e 1515 e 348 e

3271 2791 480

3300 .. ..

16.1 x 14.7 -

195 e 195 e -

758 e 536 e 222 e

1289 e 1049 e 240 e

1242 e 1010 e 232 e

1681 1581 100

1600 .. ..

13.8 x 13.2 -






314 e 314 e -



180437 9847 42843 147441

209171 519 44581 165109

270997 63138 207859

265364 64678 200686

284038 77525 206513

289014 91203 197811

302810 .. ..

3.7 x 6.0 2.3

-

-

751 293 458

719 282 437

713 333 380

834 454 380

870 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






France 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

227.28 15.25

240.77 17.11

257.46 16.28

266.26 17.40

265.99 15.46

271.29 16.19

274.51 16.09

1.4 0.5 -0.9

6.7

7.1

6.3

6.5

5.8

6.0

5.9

1087.46

1146.45

1308.40

1335.82

1351.65

1357.97

1385.90

1.7

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

-0.3

106

107

100

101

100

102

101

-0.3

58.17

59.42

60.59

60.92

61.24

61.54

61.48

0.4

3.91

4.05

4.25

4.37

4.34

4.41

4.47

0.9


417.8

491.1

536.5

545.7

553.9

561.7

567.1

2.3


56.35

75.38

70.57

78.17

64.58

63.46

64.32

0.9

13.5

15.4

13.2

14.3

11.7

11.3

11.3

-1.4






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

24987

25852

26128 e

26228 e

26418 e

26482 e

..

0.4

Hydro

24747

24987

25215

25242

25311

25235

..

0.2

4293

4292

4302

4302

4302

4303

..

0.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

2

5

6

7

8

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

240

240

240

240

240

..

-

Wind

-

3

56

82

133

221

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

255

272 e

318 e

387 e

438 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

365

340 e

340 e

340 e

340 e

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


599

633

555

542

536

556

..

-0.6


Tide, Wave, Ocean




France 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

59560

78718

76241

83491

71351

70272

71176

1.3

Hydro

57331

75922

71825

78761

65920

64338

64903

0.9

3527

2997

4680

4125

5320

5174

5191

3.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

1

5

5

7

8

10

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

571

568

573

543

536

539

518

-0.4

Wind

-

5

77

131

269

342

573

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


Tide, Wave, Ocean


222 e

371 e

1021 e

1195 e

1452 e

1643 e

1671

16.6


221 e

370 e

1020 e

1195 e

1452 e

1642 e

1669

16.7

1116

1368

1398

1312

1324

1344

1371

1.4

99

113

322

349

391

416

461

11.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


58444

76700

73721

80839

68340

67023

..

1.1

Hydro

57331

75922

71825

78761

65920

64338

..

0.9

3527

2997

4680

4125

5320

5174

..

3.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

1

5

5

7

8

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.4



571

568

573

543

536

539

..

Wind

-

5

77

131

269

342

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


222 e

46 e

460 e

525 e

609 e

690 e

..

9.1


221 e

45 e

459 e

525 e

608 e

690 e

..

9.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

99

113

322

349

391

416

..

11.7

Tide, Wave, Ocean

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

1116

2018

2520

2652

3011

3249

..

8.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

325 e

561 e

670 e

843 e

953 e

..

-


-

325 e

561 e

670 e

844 e

952 e

..

-


1116

1368

1398

1312

1324

1344

..

1.4

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass




France 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

19997

23048

23994

24678

25974

27450

27910

2.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


9999 e

11524 e

11997 e

12339 e

12987 e

13725 e

13955

2.5


9998 e

11524 e

11997 e

12339 e

12987 e

13725 e

13955

2.5

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

16237

17842

18452

19631

20865

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:


-

8119 e

8921 e

9226 e

9816 e

10433 e

..

-


-

8118 e

8921 e

9226 e

9815 e

10432 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

19997

6811

6152

6226

6343

6585

..

-8.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants


9999 e

3405 e

3076 e

3113 e

3171 e

3292 e

..

-8.2


9998 e

3406 e

3076 e

3113 e

3172 e

3293 e

..

-8.2

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




France 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

4624 4624

5523 5523

5275 5275

5358 5358

5358 5358

5400 5400

5442 5442

1.2 1.2

894 894

912 912

778 778

765 765

756 756

801 801

816 816

-0.8 -0.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





23991 e 23991 e -

30185 e 26954 e 3231 e

38880 e 32736 e 6144 e

40436 e 32862 e 7574 e

42768 e 33619 e 9149 e

44832 e 35127 e 9705 e

44644 .. ..

4.9 3.0 -

30184 e 26953 e 3231 e

38879 e 32735 e 6144 e

40435 e 32862 e 7573 e

42767 e 33619 e 9148 e

44832 e 35127 e 9705 e

44644 .. ..

4.9 3.0 -


23991 e 23991 e -


410096 12170 397926

406419 14925 391494

375518 15251 360267

393008 14313 378695

358926 14443 344483

391781 14659 377122

384275 .. ..

-0.4 1.4 -0.4

3153 946 2207

3638 1054 2584

6309 3249 3060

6961 3842 3119

7507 4319 3188

7946 4704 3242

8725 .. ..

7.4 13.1 3.0

-

191 191

389 6 395

391 10 401

417 -18 399

452 -52 400

583 -99 79 ..

-






Germany 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3)

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

356.22 5.32

342.40 6.09 e

343.61 9.09

353.45 9.74

345.99 10.89

347.12 11.24

348.28 13.46

-0.2 5.9 6.1

1.5

1.8

2.6

2.8

3.1

3.2

3.9

1545.84

1710.55

1870.28

1885.95

1887.47

1885.19

1914.50

1.5

0.23

0.20

0.18

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.18

-1.7

125

109

100

102

100

100

99

-1.7

79.36

81.66

82.19

82.34

82.48

82.52

82.56

0.3

4.49

4.19

4.18

4.29

4.19

4.21

4.22

-0.5


547.7

532.8

567.1

581.8

566.9

594.3

599.8

0.6


18.94

25.53

35.48

37.88

44.91

45.09

55.39

6.9

3.5

4.8

6.3

6.5

7.9

7.6

9.2

6.2





1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

7815

11342

17135 e

19677

23210

24877

..

9.3

Hydro

6851

8876

8982 e

9393

9499

8256

..

1.4

-

4528

4654 e

4562

4562

4198

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

2

18

114

195

260

388

..

50.0

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

48

1137

6095

8754

12001

14609

..

55.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

550

509

585

585

585

585

..

0.5


Wind Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste

-

79

129

190

285

440

..

-

Gas from Biomass

229

229

345

560

580

599

..

7.7


135

494

885

-

-

-

-

-


350

1426

2890

4207

4754

5477

..

23.6

Solid Biomass




Germany 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

25049

35665

45495

50251

56856

56984

68479

6.5

Hydro

19791

26250

25962

27253

27864

24440

27000

1.6

2365

4470

4520

4740

5176

6363

6.2


4230 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

1

7

60

116

188

333

459

56.3

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

71

1712

9352

10456

15856

18859

25000

53.6

2373

3915

3946

5992

5260

4560

4560

5.2

Wind Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Renew.

1219

1348

1844

1859

1949

2162

2170

4.5


1218

1348

1844

1859

1949

2162

2170

4.5

Solid Biomass

129

496

804

639

543

1500

3900

20.8

Gas from Biomass

247

589

1683

2077

3247

2968

3220

21.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


25049

35665

45495

50251

56856

56984

..

6.5

Hydro

19791

26250

25962

27253

27864

24440

..

1.6

2365

4470

4520

4740

5176

..

6.2

Comb. Renewables Non-Specified of which:


4230 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

1

7

60

116

188

333

..

56.3

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

71

1712

9352

10456

15856

18859

..

53.6

Industrial Waste

2373

3915

3946

5992

5260

4560

..

5.2


1219

1348

1844

1859

1949

2162

..

4.5


Wind

1218

1348

1844

1859

1949

2162

..

4.5

Solid Biomass

129

496

804

639

543

1500

..

20.8

Gas from Biomass

21.1

247

589

1683

2077

3247

2968

..


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Germany 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

21224 e

19368

19368 e

19368 e

Total Heat

19771

26975

26991

2.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

410

411

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


10874

11460 e

10652

10652 e

10652 e

13283

13291

1.6

8716 e

8716 e

8897

9376

8716

13282

13289

3.1

Solid Biomass

-

388

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



19771

26565

..

2.3

Geothermal

-

21224 e -

19368 -

19368 e -

19368 e -

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10874

11460 e

10652

10652 e

10652 e

13283

..

1.6

8897

9376

8716

8716 e

8716 e

13282

..

3.1

Solid Biomass

-

388

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

-

-

-

-

410

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

410

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





Germany 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

292 e 292

5130 5130

5159 5159

5209 5209

5339 5339

5920 820 5100

6022 822 5200

26.0 24.6

466 466

1584 1584

4603 4603

5854 5854

7038 7038

8872 8872

9263 9263

25.4 25.4

20526 e 20526 e -

37719 e 37719 e -

43047 e 43047 e -

65367 e 65367 e -

57382 e 57382 e -

49745 49745 -

49745 .. -

7.0 7.0 -

24622 e 24622 e -

29674 e 29674 e -

31310 e 31310 e -

31936 e 31936 e -

37408 37408 -

37408 .. -

3.6 3.6 -

21323 e 21323 e -

22428 e 22428 e -

27344 e 27344 e -

28693 e 28693 e -

29319 e 29319 e -

37407 37407 -

37407 .. -

4.4 4.4 -

123259 e 4644 e 118615 e

124000 e 16172 e 107828

196434 13805 e 182629 e

197202 11502 e 185700

196874 9774 e 187100

217355 27000 190355

262200 .. ..

4.5 14.5 3.7

12231 6360 5871

13946 10656 3290

23341 e 18360 e 4981

35278 e 22658 e 12620

53180 e 35422 e 17758

38324 -3527 34797 -

41051 .. -

9.2 x 14.0 -

-

35 35

250 250

350 350

550 550

650 650

1125 ..

-





23512 e 23512 e -








Greece 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

22.18 1.10

23.48 1.29

27.82 1.40

28.70 1.32

29.02 1.40

29.89 1.55

30.31 1.56

2.3 2.6 0.3

5.0

5.5

5.0

4.6

4.8

5.2

5.2

90.04

95.79

113.49

118.34

122.63

128.15

133.90

2.8

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.24

0.24

0.23

0.23

-0.4

100

100

100

99

97

95

92

-0.4

10.34

10.63

10.92

10.94

10.95

10.98

10.98

0.5

TPES/population(3)

2.15

2.21

2.55

2.62

2.65

2.72

2.76

1.8


34.8

41.3

53.4

53.1

53.9

57.9

58.8

4.0


1.77

3.56

4.14

2.93

3.58

5.89

5.77

9.7

5.1

8.6

7.8

5.5

6.6

10.2

9.8

5.5






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

2458

2600

3334

3369

3388

3473

..

2.7

Hydro

2408

2523

3072

3076

3078

3079

..

1.9

315

315

699

699

699

699

..

6.3

Geothermal

2

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

27

226

270

287

371

..

57.6

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

1

22

22

22

..

-



47

48

35

-

-

-

-

-


1448

2101

2941

2992

3050

3140

..

6.1




Greece 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

1999

3920

4725

3663

4348

6599

6445

9.6

Hydro

1997

3782

4111

2725

3463

5332

5158

7.8

228

253

418

628

663

566

531

7.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

34

451

756

651

1021

1041

61.6

Industrial Waste

-

103

163

103

108

141

146

-



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

79

126

105

100

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


1999

3817

4562

3553

4205

6431

..

9.4

Hydro

1997

3782

4111

2725

3463

5332

..

7.8

228

253

418

628

663

566

..

7.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

34

451

756

651

1021

..

61.6

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

72

91

78

..

-

of which:



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

103

163

110

143

168

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

103

163

103

108

141

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

7

35

27

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Greece 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

108 108

115 115

67 67

95 95

56 56

48 48

48 48

-6.0 -6.0

2363 2363

3442 3442

4138 4138

4201 4201

4260 4260

4388 4388

4450 4450

4.9 4.9

-

1560 1560 -

2662 2662 -

1611 1611 -

1555 e 1555 e -

1399 1399 -

1399 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

37384 37384

37556 24 37532

39547 39547

39257 39257

39670 39670

38075 38075

38800 ..

0.1 0.1

19 19

30 30

52 52

1371 1300 71

2029 1948 81

1507 1287 220

1675 .. ..

40.0 20.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-












Hungary 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

28.55 0.47

25.63 0.60

25.01 0.49

25.42 0.46

25.81 0.86

26.34 0.90

26.03 0.93

-0.6 5.2 5.8

1.6

2.3

1.9

1.8

3.3

3.4

3.6

43.22

38.35

46.68

48.48

50.17

51.70

53.80

1.4

0.66

0.67

0.54

0.52

0.51

0.51

0.48

-2.0

123

125

100

98

96

95

90

-2.0


10.37

10.33

10.21

10.19

10.16

10.13

10.12

-0.2

TPES/population(3)

2.75

2.48

2.45

2.50

2.54

2.60

2.57

-0.4


28.4

34.0

35.2

36.4

36.2

34.1

33.7

1.4


0.20

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.24

0.34

0.93

4.3

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

1.0

2.8

2.8






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

72

78

79

80

120

126

..

4.4

Hydro

48

48

48

48

48

54

..

0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

1

1

3

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

24

24

24

24

25

25

..

0.3

Solid Biomass

-

5

5

5

44

40

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

1

1

2

4

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






Hungary 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

212

265

298

312

268

369

956

4.4

Hydro

178

163

178

186

194

171

210

-0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

1

1

4

5

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



17 e

48 e

55 e

56 e

30 e

34 e

27

5.5


17 e

47 e

55 e

56 e

29 e

33 e

27

5.2

Solid Biomass

-

7

10

6

5

109

664

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

7

9

18

23

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


178

163

181

190

195

276

..

3.4

Hydro

178

163

178

186

194

171

..

-0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

1

1

4

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

3

3

-

101

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

34

102

117

122

73

93

..

8.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


17 e

48 e

55 e

56 e

30 e

34 e

..

5.5



17 e

47 e

55 e

56 e

29 e

33 e

..

5.2

Solid Biomass

-

7

7

3

5

8

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

7

9

18

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Hungary 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03 3.1

Total Heat

558

1168

1188

1155

1032

831

1037

Geothermal

-

264

218

265

274

257

218

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


159 e

336 e

408 e

399 e

308 e

212 e

208

2.2


159 e

336 e

407 e

399 e

308 e

212 e

208

2.2

Solid Biomass

240

232

155

65

115

117

359

-5.4

Industrial Waste

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

27

27

33

44

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

318

746

898

831

650

469

..

3.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:


159 e

336 e

408 e

399 e

308 e

212 e

..

2.2


159 e

336 e

407 e

399 e

308 e

212 e

..

2.2

Solid Biomass

-

74

83

6

7

12

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

27

27

33

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

422

290

324

382

362

..

3.2

Geothermal

-

264

218

265

274

257

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste Heat and Heat Pumps Heat Only Plants

240

158

72

59

108

105

..

-6.2

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass




Hungary 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

3600 3600

3600 294 3306

3600 242 3358

3600 295 3305

3600 304 3296

3600 292 3308

3648 436 3212

-0.6

-

-

-

60 60

70 70

76 76

76 76

-

-

-

-

440 440

477 477

191 191

378 ..

-





494 e 494 e -

1085 e 1085 e -

1218 e 1218 e -

1299 e 1299 e -

998 e 998 e -

754 e 754 e -

687 .. -

3.3 3.3 -

1085 e 1085 e -

1218 e 1218 e -

1298 e 1298 e -

997 e 997 e -

753 e 753 e -

687 .. -

3.3 3.3 -


494 e 494 e -


16665 -1158 -661 636 14210

19859 -2 340 19517

14925 269 14656

13539 166 13373

30745 251 30494

32522 1542 30980

33700 .. ..

5.3 x 7.1 6.2

-

-

-

86 86 -

89 89 -

206 117 89

265 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






Iceland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

2.17 1.40

2.33 1.56

3.24 2.30

3.36 2.45

3.40 2.46

3.39 2.46

3.52 2.49

3.5 4.4

Renewables/TPES(%)

TPES (Mtoe)

64.5

67.2

71.0

72.9

72.5

72.5

70.7

0.9

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

6.49

6.59

8.43

8.61

8.57

8.94

9.50

2.5

TPES/GDP(2)

0.33

0.35

0.38

0.39

0.40

0.38

0.37

1.0

87

92

100

101

103

98

96

1.0

TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions)

0.26

0.27

0.28

0.29

0.29

0.29

0.29

1.0

TPES/population(3)

8.52

8.72

11.54

11.80

11.79

11.72

12.08

2.5

Electricity Generation (TWh)(4) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)

4.5

5.0

7.7

8.0

8.4

8.5

8.6

5.0

4.50

4.97

7.68

8.03

8.41

8.49

8.61

5.0

99.9

99.8

99.9

100.0

99.9

99.9

99.9

0.0




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

802

935

1236

1311

1357

1357

..

4.1

Hydro

756

884

1064

1109

1155

1155

..

3.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

46

51

172

202

202

202

..

12.1

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





Iceland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

4504

4972

7679

8029

8410

8494

8613

5.0

Hydro

4204

4682

6356

6578

6977

7088

7130

4.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300

290

1323

1451

1433

1406

1483

12.6

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


4504

4865

6830

7099

7440

7510

..

4.0

Hydro

4204

4682

6356

6578

6977

7088

..

4.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300

183

474

521

463

422

..

2.7

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

107

849

930

970

984

..

-

Geothermal

-

107

849

930

970

984

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:





Iceland 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

4819

7457

7414

7276

9930

9071

9071

5.0

Geothermal

4819

7421

7369

7231

9874

9015

9015

4.9

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

18 e

23 e

23 e

28 e

28 e

28

-


-

18 e

22 e

22 e

28 e

28 e

28

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

4247

7103

6967

6829

9395

8536

..

5.5

Geothermal

4247

7103

6967

6829

9395

8536

..

5.5

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

572

354

447

447

535

535

..

-0.5

Geothermal

of which:

572

318

402

402

479

479

..

-1.4

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

18 e

23 e

23 e

28 e

28 e

..

-


-

18 e

22 e

22 e

28 e

28 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Iceland 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

43493 -1726 18764 23003

48640 -2863 25649 20128

73600 -3387 47272 22941

78900 -1834 53031 24035

77900 -1695 53100 23105

77300 -2155 51045 24100

78444 -2200 52044 24200

4.5 x 8.0 0.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

23 e 23 e -

28 e 28 e -

28 e 28 e -

35 e 35 e -

35 e 35 e -

35 .. -

-

-

22 e 22 e -

28 e 28 e -

28 e 28 e -

35 e 35 e -

35 e 35 e -

35 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-












Ireland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

10.42 0.17

11.20 0.22

14.32 0.26

15.20 0.26

15.32 0.29

15.09 0.26

15.31 0.28

2.9 3.5 0.5

1.6

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.7

1.8

47.45

59.51

94.96

100.66

106.84

110.74

116.20

6.7

0.22

0.19

0.15

0.15

0.14

0.14

0.13

-3.6

146

125

100

100

95

90

87

-3.6


3.51

3.60

3.80

3.86

3.93

3.99

4.02

1.0

TPES/population(3)

2.97

3.11

3.77

3.94

3.90

3.78

3.81

1.9


14.2

17.6

23.7

24.6

24.8

24.9

24.7

4.4


0.70

0.73

1.19

1.03

1.38

1.14

1.37

3.8

4.9

4.1

5.0

4.2

5.6

4.6

5.5

-0.5






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

513

523

659

680

689

707

..

2.5

Hydro

513

517

528

530

532

532

..

0.3

290

290

292

292

292

292

..

0.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

116

135

138

160

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

..

..

-

..

Gas from Biomass

-

-

15

15

19

15

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


2

2

4

4

5

6

..

8.8





Ireland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

983

984

1489

1351

1734

1496

1724

3.3

Hydro

983

968

1150

920

1264

956

999

-0.2

286

255

304

324

352

358

354

1.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

16

244

334

388

454

655

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

95

97

82

86

70

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


983

984

1489

1351

1733

1480

..

3.2

Hydro

983

968

1150

920

1264

956

..

-0.2

286

255

304

324

352

358

..

1.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

16

244

334

388

454

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

95

97

81

70

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

1

16

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

1

16

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:





Ireland 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

2 2

2 2

7 7

7 7

6 6

2 2

2 2

0 0

2 2

4 4

5 5

5 5

7 7

9 9

9 9

12.3 12.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4416 4416

6629 6629

5695 5695

6365 6365

6365 6365

6058 6058

6022 ..

2.5 2.5

95 95

119 119

1168 988 180

1185 1005 180

991 811 180

1062 775 287

1068 .. ..

20.4 8.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-












Italy 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

148.03 6.47

160.76 7.72

172.79 10.06 e

173.38 10.32 e

173.56 9.78 e

181.03 10.12 e

185.96 11.01

1.6 3.5

4.4

4.8

5.8

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.9

1.9

917.51

977.33

1074.76

1093.73

1097.66

1100.48

1114.20

1.4

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.17

0.1

100

102

100

99

98

102

104

0.1

56.72

57.30

57.76

57.89

57.99

58.10

58.15

0.2

2.61

2.81

2.99

2.99

2.99

3.12

3.20

1.4


213.1

237.4

269.9

271.9

277.5

283.4

292.9

2.2


34.91

41.46

50.68 e

54.10 e

47.54 e

42.90 e

51.16

1.6

16.4

17.5

18.8

19.9

17.1

15.1

17.5

-0.6






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

19364

20520

22003 e

22430

22874

23318

..

1.4

Hydro

18770

19844

20346

20434

20514

20660

..

0.7

6188

6880

6957

6978

6957

6957

..

0.9

496

470

590

573

666

707

..

2.8

Solar Photovoltaic

4

16

19

20

22

26

..

15.5

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

3

22

363

664

780

874

..

54.7

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

46

79

287

320

378

446

..

19.1



4

68

218 e

221

290

383 e

..

42.0

41

21

180

198

224

222

..

13.9

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


10

180

240

240

-

-

-

-




Italy 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

Total Electricity

38410

45754

58094 e

62217 e

56861 e

Hydro

35079

41907

50900

53926

47262

3453

4125

6695

7115

4705

4507


3222

3436

Solar Photovoltaics

4

13

Solar Thermal

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

Wind

Geothermal

Industrial Waste

2004e

90-03

55593 e

61256

2.9

44277

48730

1.8

7742

10492

7470

8.9

4662

5341

5428

4.0

33

14.8 -

18 e

19 e

21 e

24 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

9

563

1179

1404

1458

1830

66.0

16

87

1301 e

1510

40.3

316 e

372 e

865 e


37 e

85 e

402 e

629 e

714 e

907 e

1113

27.9


36 e

84 e

402 e

629 e

714 e

905 e

1112

28.2

Solid Biomass

347 e

400

29.5

1033 e

1100

61.7

-

-

-

53587

..

2.6

12

30

221 e

272 e

276 e

Gas from Biomass

2

103

567

684

943


-

-

-

-

-


38378

45569

57120 e

60691 e

55331 e

Hydro

35079

41907

50900

53926

47262

44277

..

1.8

3453

4125

6695

7115

7742

10492

..

8.9

3222

3436

4705

4507

4662

5341

..

4.0

Solar Photovoltaics

4

13

Solar Thermal

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

Wind

2

of which:


18 e

19 e

21 e

24 e

..

14.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9

563

1179

1404

1458

..

66.0

-

-

124 e

132 e

686 e

852 e

..

-


36 e

78 e

134 e

156 e

211 e

296 e

..

17.6


35 e

77 e

133 e

157 e

212 e

296 e

..

17.8

19 e

20 e

89 e

192 e

..

-

Industrial Waste

Solid Biomass

-

14

Gas from Biomass

-

35

524

595

784

851

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

32

185

..

37.5

CHP Plants Geothermal Industrial Waste

-

-

16

87

974 e

1526 e

1530 e

2006 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

192 e

240 e

179 e

449 e

..

29.2


1 e

7 e

268 e

473 e

503 e

611 e

..

63.8


1 e

7 e

269 e

472 e

502 e

609 e

..

63.8

12

16

202 e

252 e

187 e

155 e

..

21.8

Gas from Biomass

2

68

43

89

159

182 e

..

41.5


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass




Italy 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

124392 115992 8400

132612 123696 8916

178296 e 169380 e 8916

171343 e 162252 e 9091

176923 e 167832 e 9091

201367 192276 9091

204499 195408 9091

3.8 4.0 0.6

200 200

300 300

450 450

450 450

450 450

450 450

500 500

6.4 6.4

6408 e 586 5822 e

4187 e 712 3475 e

6008 e 3408 e 2600 e

6584 e 3984 e 2600 e

11555 e 8955 e 2600 e

20217 e 17617 e 2600 e

20176 .. ..

9.2 29.9 -6.0

2600 e -1419 1181 e -

6992 e 3592 e 3400 e

8317 e 5375 e 2942 e

8923 e 6048 e 2875 e

14477 e 14477 e -

15826 .. -

30.2 x 30.2 -

469 e 469 e -

2600 e -1420 1180 e -

6992 e 3592 e 3400 e

8317 e 5375 e 2942 e

8922 e 6047 e 2875 e

14477 e 14477 e -

15827 .. -

30.2 x 30.2 -

28163 e 3843 2016 e 29990 e

40950 e 9693 -1 3341 e 47301 e

47204 21270 5969 e 62505

48946 23375 6701 e 65620

41943 24653 5666 e 60930

42484 27052 8154 61382

45345 28039 .. ..

3.2 16.2 x 11.3 5.7

947 e 947 e -

5480 e 5480 e -

6581 e 6581 e -

9045 e 9045 e -

10691 10691 -

11332 .. -

53.1 x 53.1 -

-

-

-





470 e 470 e -



e e e e


42 42 -


-

-

-

-

-




Japan 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

445.34 15.91

499.75 16.70

528.57 17.51

520.81 16.93

520.66 16.97

517.10 18.18

537.08 18.11

1.2 1.0 -0.1

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.4

4107.83

4428.55

4746.09

4766.67

4749.83

4876.13

5068.90

1.3

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

-0.2

97

101

100

98

98

95

95

-0.2

123.54

125.57

126.93

127.29

127.44

127.62

127.60

0.3

3.60

3.98

4.16

4.09

4.09

4.05

4.21

0.9

834.5

959.5

1048.4

1030.0

1048.9

1037.7

1028.4

1.7

101.76

97.79

104.23

101.26

100.89

113.52

108.31

0.8

12.2

10.2

9.9

9.8

9.6

10.9

10.5

-0.8

Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3) Electricity Generation (TWh)(4) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(5)




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

38101

44453

48263

48566

48714

49256

..

2.0

Hydro

37830

43456

46324

46356

46403

46712

..

1.6

17005

22285

24305

24735

24706

24706

..

2.9

270

504

533

533

535

..

5.4

Solar Photovoltaic

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

84

176

277

508

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

491

1322

1501

1501

1501

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




533 e


Japan 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

109197

108288

116255

113681

113430

126156

119399

1.1

95835

91216

96817

93872

91801

104131

103603

0.6

6530

9098

9564

9706

9423

9530

9111

3.0

1741

3173

3348

3432

3374

3484

3429

5.5

Solar Photovoltaics

1

-

2

2

2

2

2

5.5

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

109

252

415

833

1103

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

107

50

82

80

51

-



904 e

1402 e

2353 e

2669 e

3031 e

3031 e

1928

9.8


903 e

1401 e

2353 e

2669 e

3031 e

3031 e

1928

9.8

9813

11095

11166

10735

11694

11564

7355

1.3

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

109197

108288

116255

113681

113430

126156

..

1.1

95835

91216

96817

93872

91801

104131

..

0.6

6530

9098

9564

9706

9423

9530

..

3.0

1741

3173

3348

3432

3374

3484

..

5.5

Solar Photovoltaics

1

-

2

2

2

2

..

5.5

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

109

252

415

833

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

107

50

82

80

..

-

2353 e

2669 e

3031 e

3031 e

..

9.8

3031 e

Solid Biomass

of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal


904 e

..

9.8

9813

11095

11166

10735

11694

11564

..

1.3

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


903 e

1402 e 1401 e

2353 e

2669 e

3031 e




Japan 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

1023

2784

4129

4298

4043

4278

3828

11.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

57

106

160

180

174

153

157

7.9


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

966

2678

3969

4118

3869

4125

3671

11.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1023

2784

4129

4298

4043

4278

..

11.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

57

106

160

180

174

153

..

7.9


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

966

2678

3969

4118

3869

4125

..

11.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps of which:

Heat Only Plants

Industrial Waste

Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps




Japan 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

65986 62679 3307

122928 114221 8707

129777 120526 9251

132953 123534 9419

130925 121465 9460

134967 -1 125422 9544

132821 123444 9377

5.7 x 5.5 8.5

48893 48893

42112 42112

33823 33823

31287 31287

30977 30977

26602 26602

27172 27172

-4.6 -4.6

80 80 -

123 123 -

7379 1 986 6394

6484 80 562 6002

5757 103 788 5072

5385 59 751 4693

6124 .. ..

38.2 x 18.8 -

7746 e 7746 e -

12066 e 12066 e -

20347 e 20347 e -

23028 e 23028 e -

26106 e 26106 e -

26106 e 26106 e -

16865 .. -

9.8 x 9.8 -

7746 e 7746 e -

12065 e 12065 e -

20347 e 20347 e -

23027 e 23027 e -

26106 e 26106 e -

26106 e 26106 e -

16865 .. -

9.8 x 9.8 -

191634 -11 80600 e 111023

188762 18 88886 e 99894

192035 -22 86193 e 105820

174604 25 80860 e 93769

181799 -13 87801 e 93985

186291 3 86693 e 99601

191984 .. ..

-0.2 x 0.6 -0.8

30505 -491 1362 28652

37745 -34 3116 34595

42462 -28 4269 38165

42967 -30 4338 38599

42457 -30 4058 38369

43649 4234 39415

45278 .. ..

2.8 x 9.1 2.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-












Korea 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

92.65 0.55

147.65 0.42 e

190.89 0.77 e

193.77 0.81 e

201.04 0.97

205.30 1.17

210.57 1.27

6.3 6.0

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

-0.3

288.33

413.01

511.66

531.29

568.32

585.76

614.90

5.6

0.32

0.36

0.37

0.36

0.35

0.35

0.34

0.7

86

96

100

98

95

94

92

0.7

42.87

45.09

47.01

47.34

47.64

47.93

48.16

0.9

2.16

3.27

4.06

4.09

4.22

4.28

4.37

5.4

105.4

181.1

263.7

281.4

330.4

344.9

365.6

9.5

Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population(3) Electricity Generation (TWh)(4) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(4)

6.36

3.01 e

4.43 e

4.51 e

3.98

6.81

5.92

0.5

6.0

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.2

2.0

1.6

-8.2





1990

1995

2000

Total Capacity

2341

3095

3639

Hydro

2340

3093

3149

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

4466 e

4364

3963

..

4.1

3914

3876

3877

..

1000

1600

4.0

1600

2300

2300 e

2300

..

Geothermal

-

6.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

1

2

4

5

5

6

..

14.8

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

7

11

13

19

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

29

34

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

12

27

..

-


-

-

479

536 e

429

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

48

54

..

-




2001


Korea 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

6361

5732 e

6029 e

6334 e

6117

8845

7958

2.6

Hydro

6361

5478

5610

5972

5311

6903

5861

0.6

-

2718

1600

1821

2078

2001

1994

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

3 e

6 e

6 e

6

8

10

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

Wind

-

1 e

Industrial Waste

-


-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-


-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

17

14

15

21

27

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

250 e

396 e

342 e

482

221

238

-

-

-

-

-

64

37

40

-

-

-

239

1655

1782

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


6361

5482 e

5633 e

5992 e

5332

6932

..

0.7

Hydro

6361

5478

5610

5972

5311

6903

..

0.6

-

2718

1600

1821

2078

2001

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

3 e

6 e

6 e

6

8

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

Wind

-

1 e

Industrial Waste

-



-

-

-

-

-

17

14

15

21

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

785

1913

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

250 e

396 e

342 e

482

221

..

-


-

-

-

-

64

37

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

239

1655

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

250 e

396 e

342 e




Korea 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

22868 e

63922 e

72852 e

14802 e

11863 e

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

-

13301

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

4407 e

11776 e

15406

-

-

-

-


-

936 e

2906 e

3882 e

16862 e

45732 e

50135 e

2210 e

2075 e

1298

1354 e

1728


-

Solid Biomass

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

663 e


-

-

-

-

5709 e

3295 e

3157

-

4957 e

2077 e

3156

-

2408

4677

5035

-

1814 e

1953

-

-

-

-

-


-

..

-

Geothermal

-

936 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

936 e


-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

2906 e

2906 e

3882 e

5709 e

3295 e

..

-

942

437 e

..

-

-

-

2408

4677

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

Heat Only Plants

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

15406


-

-


-

Solid Biomass

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

663 e


-

-

21932 e

4407 e 16862 e

61016 e

11776 e -

68970 e

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

5743 e

45732 e

50135 e

2210 e

2075 e

-

1298

1354 e

1728

-



8409 e

-

-

3882 e

9059 e

-

4015 e

-

3454 e

1640 e 1814 e -

-

-

..

-

-

-


Korea 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

5 5

48 32 16

57 57

-

116 116

925 925

1745 1745

1556 1556

1456 1456

2756 1378 1378

2736 2736

27.6 21.0

-

5686 e 5686 e -

14720 14720 -

17933 17933 -

-

-

-

-

-

2986 e 2986 e -

7110 e 7110 e -

8361 e 8361 e -

16331 e 16331 e -

9935 e 9935 e -

26240 .. -

-

22078 e 22078 e -

58158 e 58158 e -

63559 e 63559 e -

7090 e 7090 e -

1800 e 1800 e -

4754 .. -

-

2933 e 2933 e

7224 2763 4461

7133 2594 4539

8084 8084 -

5584 .. -

-

-

856 e 856 e -

1622 1622 -

1693 1693 -

2861 2120 741

4460 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

1 1

6 ..

-






-


- e -

15049 15049 -


3603 e 2554 1049


2 2




Luxembourg 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

3.57 0.02

3.38 0.04

3.68 0.04

3.83 0.05

4.04 0.04

4.26 0.04

4.75 0.05

1.4 7.0 5.5

0.5

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

11.49

13.94

19.60

19.91

20.40

20.99

21.90

4.7

0.31

0.24

0.19

0.19

0.20

0.20

0.22

-3.2

166

129

100

103

105

108

115

-3.2


0.38

0.41

0.44

0.44

0.45

0.45

0.45

1.3

TPES/population(3)

9.35

8.23

8.39

8.67

9.06

9.47

10.46

0.1

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.5

2.8

2.8

2.9

12.2

0.09

0.12

0.18

0.19

0.17

0.15

0.20

4.0

13.9

23.6

40.9

39.0

6.2

5.2

6.8

-7.3






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

1138

1139

1162

1163

1172

1187

..

0.3

Hydro

1132

1133

1138

1139

1139

1139

..

0.0

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

8

15

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

15

15

16

22

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


6

6

9

9

9

9

..

3.2

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

2

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

2

2

2

3

..

-





Luxembourg 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

857

884

945

963

1081

1009

977

1.3

Hydro

823

831

862

877

994

917

854

0.8

753

743

742

744

881

840

750

0.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

1

1

8

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

27

26

25

26

39

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



17 e

27 e

26 e

26 e

26 e

24 e

28

2.7


17 e

26 e

26 e

25 e

26 e

24 e

28

2.7 -

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

4

8

9

17

20

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


857

884

941

955

1072

992

..

1.1

Hydro

823

831

862

877

994

917

..

0.8

753

743

742

744

881

840

..

0.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

27

26

25

26

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


17 e

27 e

26 e

26 e

26 e

24 e

..

2.7


of which:


17 e

26 e

26 e

25 e

26 e

24 e

..

2.7

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

4

8

9

17

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

4

8

9

17

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Luxembourg 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

-

-

6

42

48

87

105

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

6

42

48

87

105

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

6

42

48

87

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

6

42

48

87

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:




Luxembourg 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 2

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

518 e 518 e -

486 e 486 e -

576 e 576 e -

589 e 589 e -

560 e 560 e -

657 e 657 e -

800 .. -

1.8 1.8 -

485 e 485 e -

575 e 575 e -

589 e 589 e -

559 e 559 e -

657 e 657 e -

800 .. -

1.8 1.8 -

-

645 645

668 668

668 668

645 645

645 645

645 ..

-

-

19 -19 -

23 23 -

84 84 -

96 96 -

173 173 -

184 .. -

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






518 e 518 e -







Mexico 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

124.34 13.77

132.65 15.07

150.37 15.96

151.88 15.43

155.61 14.96

159.94 15.40

163.78 16.20

2.0 0.9 -1.1

11.1

11.4

10.6

10.2

9.6

9.6

9.9

413.37

445.95

580.69

580.72

584.52

592.13

617.10

2.8

0.30

0.30

0.26

0.26

0.27

0.27

0.27

-0.8

116

115

100

101

103

104

102

-0.8

81.25

90.16

98.66

100.05

101.40

102.71

104.04

1.8

1.53

1.47

1.52

1.52

1.53

1.56

1.57

0.1


122.7

152.5

204.4

209.6

215.2

218.7

256.2

4.5


28.60

33.20

39.52

34.62

30.87

28.66

34.28

0.0

23.3

21.8

19.3

16.5

14.3

13.1

13.4

-4.3






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

8580

10093

10806

10792

10797

10938

..

1.9

Hydro

7880

9329

9634

9636

9635

9650

..

1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

700

753

855

838

843

960

..

2.5

Solar Photovoltaic

-

9

14

15

16

16

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

2

3

3

3

3

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

292

292

292

292

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

8

8

8

17

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

373

448

498

574

..

-





Mexico 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

Total Electricity

28602

33203

39518

34619

30867

28663

34281

0.0

Hydro

23478

27528

33133

28502

24951

19880

25203

-1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5124

5669

5901

5567

5398

6282

6577

1.6


90-03

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

29

31

32

33

33

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

13

18

16

14

14

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

433

492

458

2434

2434

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

9

9

12

20

20

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


28602

33203

39518

34619

30867

28663

..

0.0

Hydro

23478

27528

33133

28502

24951

19880

..

-1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5124

5669

5901

5567

5398

6282

..

1.6

of which:


-

-

29

31

32

33

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

13

18

16

14

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

433

492

458

2434

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

9

9

12

20

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Mexico 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

184464 184464 -

204084 204084 -

212436 212436 -

200412 200412 -

194328 194328 -

226152 226152 -

236772 236772 -

1.6 1.6 -

-

-

1801 1801

2156 2156

2400 2400

2763 2763

2760 2760

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

307535 307535

327881 327881

334405 33897 300508

340693 35431 305262

339380 34779 304601

343621 45082 298539

347410 .. ..

0.9 -0.2

-

-

257 257 -

251 251 -

301 301 -

420 420 -

435 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-












Netherlands 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

66.62 0.64

72.40 0.78

75.77 1.23

77.85 1.27

78.56 1.43

80.83 1.37

81.97 1.59

1.5 6.0 4.5

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.9

278.28

308.52

370.64

375.93

378.06

374.74

380.10

2.3

0.24

0.23

0.20

0.21

0.21

0.22

0.22

-0.8

117

115

100

101

102

106

105

-0.8

14.95

15.46

15.92

16.04

16.15

16.22

16.31

0.6

TPES/population(3)

4.46

4.68

4.76

4.85

4.87

4.98

5.03

0.9


71.9

81.0

89.7

93.8

96.0

96.8

98.5

2.3


0.77

1.34

3.00

3.21

3.93

3.94

5.27

13.3

1.1

1.7

3.3

3.4

4.1

4.1

5.4

10.8






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

243

485

917

959

1155

1381

..

14.3

37

37

37

37

37

37

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

1

2

13

21

26

46

..

34.2

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

57

257

442

486

678

884

..

23.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

196

277

414

414

414

414

..

5.9

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


74

141

309

358

406

449

..

14.9

Total Capacity Hydro of which: Pumped Storage





Netherlands 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1158

1947

4250

4448

5185

5331

6618

12.5

85

88

142

117

110

72

96

-1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

1

8

13

17

31

33

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


Tide, Wave, Ocean Wind Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

317

829

825

910

1330

1853

27.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


539

707

1320

1248

1247

1236

1195

6.6


394

605

1254

1239

1274

1393

1346

10.2

-

4

397

704

1323

975

1815

-

84

225

300

302

304

294

280

10.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

141

406

979

955

1037

1433

..

19.5

85

88

142

117

110

72

..

-1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

1

8

13

17

31

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified of which: Electricity Only Plants Hydro of which: Pumped Storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

317

829

825

910

1330

..

27.6

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

1017

1541

3271

3493

4148

3898

..

10.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


539

707

1320

1248

1247

1236

..

6.6


394

605

1254

1239

1274

1393

..

10.2

-

4

397

704

1323

975

..

-

84

225

300

302

304

294

..

10.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004).




Netherlands 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

3144

2534

7935

7541

8031

8064

7626

7.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


1806

1305

3992

3645

3835

3687

3436

5.6


1318

1116

3795

3618

3919

4158

3874

9.2

-

-

-

123

127

123

225

-

20

113

148

155

150

96

91

12.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

3144

2534

7935

7541

8031

8064

..

7.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



1806

1305

3992

3645

3835

3687

..

5.6


1318

1116

3795

3618

3919

4158

..

9.2

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

123

127

123

..

-

20

113

148

155

150

96

..

12.8


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Netherlands 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100 100

202 202

459 459

533 533

607 607

674 674

756 756

15.8 15.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13205 13205 -

15450 15450 -

25512 25512 -

24637 24637 -

25510 25510 -

25059 25059 -

25059 .. -

5.1 5.1 -

9635 9635 -

13204 13204 -

24255 24255 -

24459 24459 -

26063 26063 -

28259 28259 -

28259 .. -

8.6 8.6 -

10348 10348

10381 33 10348

16211 4733 11478

18918 7440 11478

24344 12866 11478

20925 9447 11478

28278 .. ..

5.6 0.8

2514 538 1976

5031 1909 3122

5612 2525 3087

5837 2535 3302

5664 2707 2957

5379 2711 2668

5266 .. ..

6.0 13.2 2.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-












New Zealand 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

13.77 4.77

15.84 5.17

17.43 4.94

17.62 4.57

17.87 5.02

17.37 4.85

17.66 5.25

1.8 0.1 -1.6

34.6

32.6

28.3

25.9

28.1

27.9

29.7

39.46

45.94

52.17

53.96

56.41

58.46

61.40

3.1

0.35

0.34

0.33

0.33

0.32

0.30

0.29

-1.2

104

103

100

98

95

89

86

-1.2


3.41

3.71

3.87

3.91

3.98

4.04

4.10

1.3

TPES/population(3)

4.04

4.27

4.50

4.50

4.49

4.30

4.31

0.5


32.3

35.3

39.2

39.4

41.1

41.1

42.4

1.9

25.97

29.98

28.02

24.83

28.81

27.09

30.42

0.3

80.5

84.9

71.4

63.0

70.1

65.9

71.8

-1.5






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

4880

5672

5752

5790

6008

5876

..

1.4

Hydro

4619

5259

5193

5260

5455

5324

..

1.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

261

275

418

417

431

431

..

3.9

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

36

36

36

36

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

82

57

64

63

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

23

20

22

22

..

-


-

138

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





New Zealand 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

25966

29979

28016

24825

28812

27094

30420

0.3

Hydro

23340

27259

24386

21455

25220

23653

27039

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2216

2172

2921

2838

2866

2764

2529

1.7

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

120

137

156

147

249

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

330

336

478

289

441

398

472

1.5

80

211

111

106

129

132

131

3.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


25636

29531

27463

24447

28261

26602

..

0.3

Hydro

23340

27259

24386

21455

25220

23653

..

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2216

2118

2880

2784

2799

2714

..

1.6

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

120

137

156

147

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

153

77

71

86

88

..

0.7



Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

330

448

553

378

551

492

..

3.1

Geothermal

-

54

41

54

67

50

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

330

336

478

289

441

398

..

1.5

Gas from Biomass

-

58

34

35

43

44

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


Solid Biomass




New Zealand 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

92648 -6000 75268 11380

93303 -6000 73773 13530

85970 -6000 66145 13825

83382 -6000 64267 13115

85080 -6000 65776 13304

82667 -6000 63187 13480

81326 -6000 60696 14630

-0.9 x -1.3 1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






-


21955 e 3161 18794 e

22364 e 3161 19203 e

31317 5910 25407

28904 3762 25142

32190 5767 26423

33213 5256 27957

38500 .. ..

3.2 4.0 3.1

947 905 42

2610 2569 41

1257 1107 150

1375 1195 180

1583 1393 190

1586 1414 172

1610 .. ..

4.0 3.5 11.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






Norway 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

21.49 11.40

23.86 11.52

25.79 13.24

26.45 11.62

28.81 12.48

23.35 10.51

26.79 10.74

0.6 -0.6 -1.2

53.0

48.3

51.3

43.9

43.3

45.0

40.1

115.80

139.85

166.91

171.46

173.82

174.54

179.10

3.2

0.19

0.17

0.15

0.15

0.17

0.13

0.15

-2.5

120

110

100

100

107

87

97

-2.5


4.24

4.36

4.49

4.51

4.54

4.57

4.59

0.6

TPES/population(3)

5.07

5.48

5.74

5.86

6.35

5.11

5.84

0.1

121.6

122.1

139.6

119.2

130.3

106.7

110.1

-1.0

121.36

121.64

139.20

118.58

129.74

106.05

109.40

-1.0

99.8

99.7

99.7

99.5

99.6

99.4

99.4

-0.0






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

Total Capacity

26951

28183

28286

27733

28133

Hydro

26884

28052

28126

27679

27914

1067

673

1360

1360

1652

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

5

6

6

6

7 e

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

3

13

13

97

97 e

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

15

15 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

35

35

101

101 e

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


67

123

106

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




2004e

90-03

28138 e

..

0.3

27918 e

..

0.3

1652 e

..

3.4


Norway 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

121624

122622

139703

119222

130228

106744

110023

-1.0

Hydro

121382

122299

139386

118863

129837

106095

109280

-1.0

237

956

471

564

422

595

516

7.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

10

31

27

75

220

260

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

19

32

29

32

-



29 e

24 e

30 e

58 e

34 e

68 e

76

6.8


29 e

24 e

30 e

58 e

34 e

68 e

77

6.8

184

265

226

197

216

264

298

2.8

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


121566

122574

139643

119164

130162

106620

..

-1.0

Hydro

121382

122299

139386

118863

129837

106095

..

-1.0

237

956

471

564

422

595

..

7.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

10

31

27

75

220

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

19

32

29

..

-


-

-

-

29 e

6 e

..

-

6 e

Solid Biomass

of which:


-

-

-

..

-

184

265

226

197

216

264

..

2.8

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

58

48

60

58

66

124

..

6.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


29 e

24 e

30 e

29 e

33 e

62 e

..

6.0



29 e

1 e 1 e

29 e

24 e

30 e

29 e

33 e

62 e

..

6.0

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Norway 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total Heat

3700 e

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

4201

4697

5158

5473

7076

7958

5.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

150

467

546

442

228

251

3.8


1798 e

1957 e

1939 e

1959 e

2056 e

2906 e

3284


1798 e

Solid Biomass

1957 e

1940 e

1959 e

2056 e

2907 e

3285

3.8

73 e

58

160

511

692

791

894

20.1

-

10

12

10

6

5

5

-

31

69

179

173

221

239

239

17.1

CHP Plants

1421

1876

1777

1709

2046

3122

..

6.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps of which:


711 e

938 e

888 e

855 e

1023 e

1561 e

..

6.2


710 e

938 e

889 e

854 e

1023 e

1561 e

..

6.2

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2325

2920

3449

3427

3954

..

4.3

Heat Only Plants

2279 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

150

467

546

442

228

..

1.7


1087 e

1019 e

1051 e

1104 e

1033 e

1345 e

..


1088 e

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps

1019 e

1051 e

1105 e

1033 e

1346 e

..

1.7

73 e

58

160

511

692

791

..

20.1

-

10

12

10

6

5

..

-

31

69

179

173

221

239

..

17.1




Norway 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

150 150 -

467 467 -

746 746 -

768 768 -

531 531 -

531 .. -

-

2402 e 2402 e -

2588 e 2489 e 99 e

2804 e 2750 e 54 e

2803 e -340 2463 e -

3987 e 397 3978 e 406 e

3778 .. ..

4.5 x 4.5 -

2401 e 2401 e -

2588 e 2489 e 99 e

2803 e 2749 e 54 e

2803 e -340 2463 e -

3987 e 396 3977 e 406 e

3779 .. ..

4.5 x 4.5 -





2258 e 2258 e -


2257 e 2257 e -


38669 1072 e 37597

42043 90 1442 40691

50008 207 1459 48756

55985 532 2057 54460

51185 1220 -118 2210 50077

52257 2187 40 2588 51896

50910 1318 .. ..

2.3 x 7.0 2.5

-

663 12 651

1078 14 1064

961 11 950

1094 7 1087

1073 6 1067

1073 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-






Poland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

99.85 1.58

99.77 3.92

89.42 3.80

89.92 4.07

89.06 4.14

93.67 4.89

93.78 4.61

-0.5 9.1 9.6

1.6

3.9

4.3

4.5

4.6

5.2

4.9

116.50

129.74

166.56

168.25

170.56

177.12

186.60

3.3

0.86

0.77

0.54

0.53

0.52

0.53

0.50

-3.6

160

143

100

100

97

98

94

-3.6

38.12

38.60

38.65

38.25

38.23

38.20

38.18

0.0

2.62

2.58

2.31

2.35

2.33

2.45

2.46

-0.5

134.4

137.0

143.2

143.7

142.5

150.0

152.5

0.8

1.47

1.96

2.33

2.78

2.77

2.25

2.90

3.3

1.1

1.4

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.5

1.9

2.4





1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

1977

2047

2199

2269

2260

2336

..

1.3

Hydro

1977

2047

2183

2234

2207

2273

..

1.1

1205

1366

1366

1366

1366

1366

..

1.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

4

19

32

35

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

3

4

7

10

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

9

12

14

18

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





Poland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

3570

4213

4673

5000

4858

4158

4788

1.2

Hydro

3313

3851

4116

4220

3906

3294

3690

-0.0

1896

1964

2010

1895

1627

1622

1609

-1.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

5

14

61

124

142

-

202

294

331

322

464

286

280

2.7



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

16.4

55

54

190

402

379

398

610

Gas from Biomass

-

13

31

42

48

56

66

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


3313

3865

4152

4276

3967

3418

..

0.2

Hydro

3313

3851

4116

4220

3906

3294

..

-0.0

1896

1964

2010

1895

1627

1622

..

-1.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

5

14

61

124

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

13

31

42

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

257

348

521

724

891

740

..

8.5

Solid Biomass

of which:


CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

202

294

331

322

464

286

..

2.7


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

55

54

190

402

379

398

..

16.4

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

48

56

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal Industrial Waste

Solid Biomass




Poland 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

13926

2079

2627

2737

3118

3649

3700

-9.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2958

1326

788

922

1001

882

880

-8.9


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10958

747

1802

1791

1871

2466

2500

-10.8

10

6

37

24

246

301

320

29.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

10986

1628

2101

2111

2400

2637

..

-10.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2895

1194

754

897

988

785

..

-9.6


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8091

434

1347

1214

1171

1567

..

-11.9

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

241

285

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2940

451

526

626

718

1012

..

-7.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

63

132

34

25

13

97

..

3.4


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2867

313

455

577

700

899

..

-8.5

10

6

37

24

5

16

..

3.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


Industrial Waste

Solid Biomass

Heat Only Plants

Industrial Waste

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Waste Heat and Heat Pumps




Poland 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

124 124

120 120

263 263

311 311

318 318

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

32311 -5222 5265 21824

35109 -2690 3878 28541

18766 -258 3279 15229

19632 -283 3375 15974

20651 -392 4634 15625

21973 -496 3014 18463

20729 .. ..

-2.9 x -4.2 -1.3





-

-

32 e 32 e

11 e -1 10 e

10 e 10 e

14 e 14 e

48 ..

x -

-

-

32 e 32 e

11 e 11 e

9 e 9 e

14 e 14 e

48 ..

-

60643 -6 14571 46066

156943 -52 1322 155569

150485 -298 3461 146726

160406 -39 4886 155481

163308 37 4809 158536

164163 -91 5799 158273

164435 .. ..

8.0 x -6.8 10.0

393 14 379

551 -1 125 425

1211 -27 443 741

1477 -12 563 902

1353 -18 615 720

1628 -127 734 767

2022 .. ..

11.6 x 35.6 5.6

-

-

-

-

-

1179 1179

662 ..

-








Portugal 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

17.75 3.28

20.71 3.32

25.29 3.76

25.43 4.01

26.46 3.55

25.78 4.24

26.64 3.78

2.9 2.0

18.5

16.0

14.9

15.8

13.4

16.5

14.2

-0.9

80.99

88.12

106.46

108.19

108.61

107.30

108.60

2.2

0.22

0.23

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.25

0.7

92

99

100

99

103

101

103

0.7


9.90

10.03

10.23

10.29

10.37

10.44

10.45

0.4

TPES/population(3)

1.79

2.06

2.47

2.47

2.55

2.47

2.55

2.5


28.4

33.2

43.4

46.2

45.7

46.5

44.7

3.9


9.85

9.39

12.87

15.74

9.73

17.81

12.18

4.7

34.7

28.3

29.7

34.1

21.3

38.3

27.2

0.8






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

3538

4632

4908

4979

5097

5171

..

3.0

Hydro

3344

4409

4526

4560

4587

4588

..

2.5

561

561

597

597

597

597

..

0.5

Geothermal

1

8

14

14

14

14

..

22.5

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

1

1

1

2

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

8

83

125

190

268

..

53.7

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

3

..

-


-

-

64

64

71

71

..

-


186

205

219

214

233

224

..

1.4

Gas from Biomass

-

-

1

1

1

1

..

-


6

2

-

-

-

-

-

-


150

200

238

246

254

261

..

4.4

Solid Biomass




Portugal 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

9998

9501

13517

16337

10451

18423

12719

4.8

Hydro

9303

8454

11715

14375

8257

16054

10196

4.3

146

111

392

341

457

331

278

6.5

Geothermal

4

42

80

105

96

90

84

27.1

Solar Photovoltaics

1

1

1

1

2

3

3

8.8

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

16

168

256

362

496

812

61.2

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

3

5

-



-

-

257 e

256 e

262 e

276 e

262

-


-

-

257 e

255 e

261 e

275 e

261

4.5

689

987

1037

1086

1208

1223

1082

Gas from Biomass

-

1

2

3

3

3

14

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


9309

8513

12485

15269

9282

17240

..

4.9

Hydro

9303

8454

11715

14375

8257

16054

..

4.3

146

111

392

341

457

331

..

6.5

Geothermal

4

42

80

105

96

90

..

27.1

Solar Photovoltaics

1

1

1

1

2

3

..

8.8

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

16

168

256

362

496

..

61.2

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

3

..

-


-

-

257 e

256 e

262 e

276 e

..

-


-

-

257 e

255 e

261 e

275 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

7

21

42

43

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

of which:


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

689

988

1032

1068

1169

1183

..

4.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

689

987

1030

1065

1166

1180

..

4.2

Gas from Biomass

-

1

2

3

3

3

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


Solid Biomass




Portugal 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

134 134 -

1577 1535 42

2921 2879 42

3821 3779 42

3498 3456 42

3282 3240 42

3066 3024 42

27.9 27.8 -

458 458

617 617

770 770

796 796

822 822

850 850

876 876

4.9 4.9

-

-

-

-

-

173 173 -

310 .. -

-

-

-

3648 e 3648 e -

3654 e 3654 e -

3816 e 3816 e -

3963 e 3963 e -

3960 .. -

-

-

-

3647 e 3647 e -

3654 e 3654 e -

3816 e 3816 e -

3962 e 3962 e -

3959 .. -

-

103699 6253 97446

106632 6155 100477







108637 7551 101086

108116 7419 100697

111145 7998 103147

111043 7627 103416

111631 .. ..

0.5 1.5 0.5

48 48 -

37 37 -

39 39 -

35 35 -

104 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

21 e 21 e -

-

-





Slovak Republic 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

21.43 0.33

17.95 0.50

17.79 0.49

18.46 0.75

18.52 0.72

18.52 0.62

17.99 0.67

-1.1 5.0 6.2

1.5

2.8

2.7

4.1

3.9

3.4

3.7

18.55

16.94

20.29

21.06

22.03

23.01

24.20

1.7

1.16

1.06

0.88

0.88

0.84

0.80

0.74

-2.7

132

121

100

100

96

92

85

-2.7


5.30

5.36

5.40

5.40

5.39

5.38

5.38

0.1

TPES/population(3)

4.05

3.35

3.29

3.42

3.44

3.44

3.34

-1.2



23.4

26.0

30.3

31.9

32.2

31.0

30.2

2.2


1.88

4.88

4.62

5.08

5.42

3.58

4.15

5.1

8.0

18.8

15.2

15.9

16.8

11.6

13.7

2.8





1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

-

2260

2420

2508

2507

2517

..

-

Hydro

-

2260

2420

2502

2505

2507

..

-

-

735

916

919

919

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

3

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

6

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

..

..

-

..

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

1

2

1

..

-


-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


735 e




Slovak Republic 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

2515

5226

5007

5277

5641

3787

4270

3.2

Hydro

2515

5226

4975

5117

5483

3672

4161

3.0

635

346

360

190

215

192

106

-8.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

2

2

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

32 e

6

6

1

1

-



-

-

-

-

-

13 e

13

-


-

-

-

-

-

13 e

12

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

153

150

84

79

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

1

2

2

2

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


2515

5226

5007

5118

5485

3675

..

3.0

Hydro

2515

5226

4975

5117

5483

3672

..

3.0

635

346

360

190

215

192

..

-8.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

2

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

32 e

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

1

2

1

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

159

156

112

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

6

6

1

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

13 e

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

13 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

153

150

84

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

1

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:





Slovak Republic 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1292

-

Total Heat

-

2862

2892

2093

1297 e

1218 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

162

159

139

148

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

125

626

91

97

-


-

-

-

183 e

77 e

128 e

136

-


-

-

-

183 e

77 e

128 e

136

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

382

343

673

715

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

3

20

21

-


-

-

-

1058

39 e

39

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

296

307

595

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

81

212

24

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

33 e

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

32 e

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

215

95

486

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

20

..

-

2862 e

2892 e

12 e

of which:


-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

2862

2892

1797

Geothermal

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-


-

-

-

183 e


-

-

-

183 e

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

167

248

187

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-


-

-

-

1058

12 e

39 e

..

-

2862 e

2892 e

-

-

990 e

-

623 e

-

..

-

162

159

139

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

44

414 77 e 77 e

67

..

-

95 e

..

-

96 e

..

-




Slovak Republic 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

366 324 42

387 318 69

331 278 53

351 296 55

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

321 321

8803 -4671 3671 461

13473 -8628 3888 957

1410 -7 -207 231 965

2042 23 -332 1139 594

825 -79 -88 110 548

830 -80 .. ..

7.5 x 4.2

-

-

-

514 e 294 e 220 e

87 e 87 e -

537 e 537 e -

550 .. -

-

-

-

-

514 e 295 e 219 e

86 e 86 e -

537 e 537 e -

550 .. -

-

6965 6965

3196 53 3093 156

-

-

-

-







4169 e -346 3797 e 26 e

11185 -31 17 1340 9831

10494 -4 59 1761 8788

12563 -203 -13 1334 11013

12700 -280 .. ..

4.6 x 3.6

-

221 13 208

136 -1 26 109

157 82 75

177 .. ..

x -

-

38 -2 -36 -

3 -3 -

2 -2 -

10 -7 -

x -






Spain 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

91.07 6.19

103.22 5.51

124.67 6.91 e

127.84 8.15

131.60 7.02

136.10 9.23

142.91 8.92

3.1 3.1

6.8

5.3

5.5

6.4

5.3

6.8

6.2

-0.0

431.41

464.91

562.50

578.23

591.13

605.90

622.20

2.6

0.21

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.23

0.5

95

100

100

100

100

101

104

0.5

38.85

39.22

39.93

40.27

40.55

40.81

41.04

0.4

2.34

2.63

3.12

3.17

3.25

3.34

3.48

2.7


151.2

165.6

222.2

233.2

241.6

257.9

277.5

4.2


25.98

24.41

35.81 e

49.44

34.88

56.35

53.41

6.1

17.2

14.7

16.1

21.2

14.4

21.9

19.2

1.9






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

16378

17084

20472

21757

23431

24563

..

3.2

Hydro

16231

16784

17960

18032

18068

18043

..

0.8

4911

5095

5288

5288

2518

2518

..

-5.0


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

3

7

12

16

20

27

..

18.4

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

98

2206

3397

4891

5945

..

85.0

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

27

69

94

94

94

94

..

10.1


115

126

150

167

285

329

..

8.4

Gas from Biomass

-

-

50

51

73

125

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


281

319

403

462

519

581

..

5.7

Solid Biomass




Spain 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

26876 e

26178

38650

52611

38511

59527

56725

6.3

Hydro

26184

24569

31807

43864

26270

43897

34439

4.1

770

1457

2237

2837

3350

2843

2885

10.6


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

6

15

18

24

30

41

54

15.9

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

14

270

4727

6759

9342

12075

15601

68.2

Industrial Waste

50 e

118

274

..

..

..

-

-


80 e

196 e

334 e

334 e

283 e

331 e

426

11.5


80 e

195 e

333 e

333 e

283 e

330 e

426

11.5 12.3

462 e

668

841

969

1831

2095

4244

Gas from Biomass

-

147

316

328

472

758

1535

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.4

Solid Biomass


26271 e

25203

37971

51852

37735

58616

..

Hydro

26184

24569

31807

43864

26270

43897

..

4.1

770

1457

2237

2837

3350

2843

..

10.6


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

6

15

18

24

30

41

..

15.9

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

14

270

4727

6759

9342

12075

..

68.2

Industrial Waste

50 e

118

274

-


-

-

..

..

..

-

-

334 e

283 e

331 e

..

-

333 e

333 e

..

-

17 e

96

176

224

1086

1215

..

38.9

Gas from Biomass

-

135

302

314

441

727

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

975

679

759

776

911

..

3.2 -


CHP Plants

605 e

-

334 e

283 e

330 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80 e

196 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

80 e

195 e


-

-

-

-

-

-

445 e

572

665

745

745

880

..

5.4

Gas from Biomass

-

12

14

14

31

31

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-





Spain 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

84 e

160

..

..

..

..

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


42 e

80 e

-

-

-

-

-

-


42 e

80 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

..

..

..

..

-

..

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


84 e

160

..

..

..

..

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


42 e

80 e

-

-

-

-

-

-


42 e

80 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

..

..

..

..

-

..

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Spain 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

142 142

321 321

321 321

321 321

321 321

321 321

-

-

1032 1032

1303 1303

1493 1493

1676 3 1673

1879 3 1876

1879 1879

-

853 e 353 e 500 e

5041 e 1771 e 3270 e

3134 e 3134 e ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-

-

1697 e -34 1663 e -

3923 e -49 3874 e -

4803 e 4803 e -

5834 e 5834 e -

4080 e 4080 e -

5834 e 4761 e 1073 e

8272 .. ..

10.0 x 8.4 -

1696 e -34 1662 e -

3923 e -49 3874 e -

4802 e 4802 e -

5833 e 5833 e -

4080 e 4080 e -

5833 e 4760 e 1073 e

8272 .. ..

10.0 x 8.4 -

165624 e 2345 e 163279

138183 e 3912 e 134271

151702 e -126 11882 e 139694

153703 -126 13354 e 140223

425 425

3155 2265 890

5492 4442 1050

-

-

80 80







159588 -126 17931 141531

169303 -126 20167 149010

173232 .. ..

0.2 x 18.0 -0.7

5624 4573 1051

7116 5911 1205

10743 9538 1205

11532 .. ..

28.2 8.3

80 80

187 187

257 257

306 ..

-






Sweden 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

47.57 11.57

51.00 12.95

48.45 15.03

51.51 14.59

52.83 13.70

51.53 13.09

53.15 13.15

0.6 1.0 0.3

24.3

25.4

31.0

28.3

25.9

25.4

24.7

196.64

204.18

239.57

242.08

246.86

250.48

259.20

1.9

0.24

0.25

0.20

0.21

0.21

0.21

0.21

-1.2

120

123

100

105

106

102

101

-1.2


8.56

8.83

8.87

8.90

8.93

8.96

8.99

0.4

TPES/population(3)

5.56

5.78

5.46

5.79

5.92

5.75

5.91

0.3


146.0

148.3

145.2

161.6

146.7

135.6

155.8

-0.6


74.32

70.57

83.16

83.34

71.17

59.31

71.35

-1.7

50.9

47.6

57.3

51.6

48.5

43.7

45.8

-1.2






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

17569

17497

18319

18833

18452

18405

..

0.4

Hydro

16331

16152

16525

16568

16232

16143

..

-0.1

427

427

19

45

45

45

..

-15.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

2

3

3

3

3

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

8

67

209

295

357

399

..

35.1

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

30

76

74

170

170

170

..

14.3 2.6



1200

1200

1490

1778

1670

1670

..

Gas from Biomass

-

-

18

19

20

20

..

-


..

..

-

-

-

-

-

..


90

135

207

229

165

185

..

5.7

Solid Biomass




Sweden 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

74900 e

70683

83419

83586

71442

59634

71827

-1.7

Hydro

73033

68160

78619

79082

66395

53273

64235

-2.4

530

58

35

22

35

58

69

-15.6 -


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

6

99

457

482

608

631

772

43.1

Industrial Waste

-

-

101

109

97

113

116

-


52 e

58 e

120 e

113 e

140 e

157 e

291

8.9


51 e

58 e

119 e

112 e

139 e

157 e

291

9.0 8.8

2278

3971

3666

4036

5267

6091

Gas from Biomass

1758 e -

30

32

21

27

36

31

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


73039

68259

79076

79565

67003

53904

..

-2.3

Hydro

73033

68160

78619

79082

66395

53273

..

-2.4

530

58

35

22

35

58

..

-15.6 -

Solid Biomass

of which:


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

6

99

457

482

608

631

..

43.1

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2424

4343

4021

4439

5730

..

9.0 -

CHP Plants

1861 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

101

109

97

113

..

-

52 e

58 e

120 e

113 e

157 e

..

8.9

157 e


51 e


1758 e

58 e

119 e

112 e

140 e

..

9.0

2278

3971

3666

4036

139 e

5267

..

8.8

Gas from Biomass

-

30

32

21

27

36

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Sweden 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change Total Heat

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

24434 e

81708

105506

117031

112902

121407

125307

13.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

508

555

1442

1241

1340

-

8329 e

8686 e

7951 e

9976 e

11189

3.7

9976 e

11188

3.7

87298

16.4


6224 e 6224 e 11986 e

7169 e 7169 e 53310

8330 e 72330

8686 e 82640

7952 e 78751

86182

Gas from Biomass

-

770

1042

1158

996

873

1281

-


..

13290

14967

15306

15810

13159

13011

..

of which: 43373

61108

66510

65082

73519

..

18.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

489

555

1442

1241

..

8.7

CHP Plants

8518 e


2337 e

4932 e

5485 e

6035 e

5227 e

6938 e

..


2336 e

4931 e

5486 e

6035 e

5227 e

6938 e

..

8.7

Solid Biomass

3845 e

55580

..

22.8

30649

45737

50552

48923

Gas from Biomass

-

381

589

581

585

645

..

-


..

2480

3322

2752

3678

2177

..

..

38335

44398

50521

47820

47888

..

8.8 -

Heat Only Plants

15916 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

19

-

-

-

-

-


3887 e

2237 e

2844 e

2651 e

2724 e

3038 e

..

-1.9


3888 e

2238 e

2844 e

2651 e

2725 e

3038 e

..

-1.9

Solid Biomass

8141 e

10.7

22661

26593

32088

29828

30602

..

Gas from Biomass

-

389

453

577

411

228

..

-


..

10810

11645

12554

12132

10982

..

..




Sweden 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

133 133

200 200

223 223

160 160

179 179

199 199

220 220

3.1 3.1

209 209

84 84

1061 1061 -

1161 1161 -

2133 2133 -

2029 2029 -

2082 .. -

19.1 -

7320 e 7320 e -

8268 e 8268 e -

10435 e 10435 e -

10363 e 10363 e -

10055 e 10055 e -

12181 e 12181 e -

14665 .. -

4.0 4.0 -

8268 e 8268 e -

10434 e 10434 e -

10362 e 10362 e -

10054 e 10054 e -

12181 e 12181 e -

14665 .. -

4.0 4.0 -






7320 e 7320 e -



215730 21839 193891

284018 71786 e 212232

329971 101281 228690

308570 112710 195860

317149 112369 204780

336994 125196 211798

290283 .. ..

3.5 14.4 0.7


-

4140 1066 3074

4142 1342 2800

5242 1421 3821

4967 1305 3662

4690 1189 3501

5401 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

227 -

-





Switzerland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

25.10 3.30

25.27 4.03

26.48 4.22

28.02 4.68

27.14 4.16

27.07 4.13

27.05 4.04

0.6 1.7 1.2

13.2

15.9

16.0

16.7

15.3

15.3

14.9

221.69

222.59

246.04

248.61

249.42

248.54

253.10

0.9

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

-0.3

105

105

100

105

101

101

99

-0.3


6.80

7.08

7.21

7.29

7.34

7.41

7.42

0.7

TPES/population(3)

3.69

3.57

3.67

3.85

3.70

3.66

3.65

-0.1



54.7

62.3

66.0

70.5

64.9

63.8

1.3

30.16

35.78

37.73

42.16

36.08

35.74 e

64.9

34.83

1.3

55.1

57.4

57.2

59.8

55.6

55.0

54.6

-0.0




1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

13278

13580

15184

15234

15246

15273

..

1.1

Hydro

13125

13345

14895

14940

14950

14965

..

1.0

1455

1455

1655

1655

1655

1655

..

1.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

2

8

15

18

20

21

..

19.8

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

5

5

5

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

148

218

262

262

262

282

..

5.1


Municipal Solid Waste Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

3

9

9

9

9

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


603

1000

1303

1351

1326

1356

..

6.4




Switzerland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

Total Electricity

31622 e

37014 e

39842 e

44190 e

38469 e

Hydro

30982

35954

38230

42673

36924

1187

785

1396

1365

1710


2004e

90-03

38506 e

37412

1.5

36865

35468

1.3

2046

1727

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

1

5

11

12

14

17

21

24.4

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

4

5

5

6

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


276

453

717

666

676

721 e

854

7.7


275

453

717

666

675

720 e

852

7.7


8 e

26 e

14 e

11 e

21

25

30

9.2

80 e

123 e

150 e

158 e

154 e

153 e

181

5.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


31003 e

36006 e

38288 e

42728 e

36975 e

36916 e

..

1.4

Hydro

30982

35954

38230

42673

36924

36865

..

1.3

1187

785

1396

1365

1710

2046

..

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

1

5

11

12

14

17

..

24.4

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

4

5

5

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20 e

47 e

44 e

39 e

32 e

29 e

..

2.9


Gas from Biomass

-

Comb. Renewables Non-Specified CHP Plants

619 e

1008 e

1554 e

1462 e

1494 e

1590 e

-

-

..

7.5 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


276

453

717

666

676

721 e

..

7.7


275

453

717

666

7.7


675

720 e

..

8 e

26 e

14 e

11 e

21

25

..

9.2

60 e

76 e

106 e

119 e

122 e

124 e

..

5.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Switzerland 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total Heat

8458 e

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

11068 e

11699 e

12594 e

13171 e

11974 e

2004e

90-03

15532

2.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


4229 e

5509 e

5825

6274

6569

5976

7752

2.7


4229 e

5509 e

5824

6274

6569

5975

7750

2.7

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

50

50

46

33

23

30

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: ..

2.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

8458 e

11018 e

11649 e

12548 e

13138 e

11951 e


4229 e

5509 e

5825

6274

6569

5976

..

2.7


4229 e

5509 e

5824

6274

6569

5975

..

2.7

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

50

50

46

33

23

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

50

50

46

33

23

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Switzerland 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

2553 2553

3251 3251

3808 3808

4499 4499

4574 4574

4978 4978

5416 5416

5.3 5.3

316 316

646 646

980 980

1038 1038

915 915

943 943

972 972

8.8 8.8

6710 6710

8450 8450

11350 11350

11350 11350

11150 11150

11950 11950

11860 ..

4.5 4.5

13108 13108 -

15900 15900 -

16846 16846 -

16700 16700 -

16590 13860 2730

16370 .. ..

5.5 4.1 -

13107 13107 -

15900 15900 -

16846 16846 -

16700 16700 -

16590 13860 2730

16370 .. ..

5.5 4.1 -

e e

22443 290 -1542 1349 e 19842

21023 983 20040

22293 e 40 983 e 21350

22526 e 90 1486 e 21130

22600 -20 1672 e 20908 e

22600 -100 .. ..

1.9 x 1.2 1.7

1605 e 487 e 1118 e

2177 906 e 1271 e

2552 1088 e 1464 e

2482 e 1019 e 1463 e

2469 e 1020 e 1449 e

2380 .. ..

3.4 5.9 2.0

-

-




Municipal Solid Waste - Renewables Production Net Imports (1)

8245 8245 -



8245 8245 -



17697 556 1432 16821

e e


2490 1062 e 1428 e


-

-

-

-

-

-




Turkey 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

53.00 9.66

61.86 10.78

77.51 10.15

71.59 9.42

75.58 10.08

78.95 10.04

82.46 10.83

3.1 0.3 -2.7

18.2

17.4

13.1

13.2

13.3

12.7

13.1

140.20

164.20

199.26

184.33

198.97

210.50

231.20

3.2

0.38

0.38

0.39

0.39

0.38

0.38

0.36

-0.1

97

97

100

100

98

96

92

-0.1 1.8

56.20

61.65

67.46

68.61

69.67

70.80

71.85

TPES/population(3)

0.94

1.00

1.15

1.04

1.08

1.12

1.15

1.3


57.5

86.2

124.9

122.7

129.4

140.6

150.0

7.1

23.23

35.85

31.15

24.30

33.97

35.56

46.24

3.3

40.4

41.6

24.9

19.8

26.2

25.3

30.8

-3.5






1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

6782

9895

11307

11805

12378

12713

..

5.0

Hydro

6764

9863

11175

11673

12241

12579

..

4.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18

18

18

18

18

15

..

-1.4

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

19

19

19

19

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

19

19

19

19

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

72

72

72

72

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

4

4

9

9

..

-


-

14

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

7700

..

-


8200 e

8700 e

9500 e




Turkey 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

23228

35849

31206

24341

34011

35596

46263

3.3

Hydro

23148

35541

30877

24010

33684

35330

46050

3.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

86

76

90

105

89

93

0.8

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

33

62

48

61

56

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

54

46

45

36

28

-



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

222

145

109

103

48

6

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

21

24

26

32

30

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


23228

35627

31024

24196

33872

35511

..

3.3

Hydro

23148

35541

30877

24010

33684

35330

..

3.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

86

76

90

105

89

..

0.8

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

33

62

48

61

..

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

38

33

32

24

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

1

3

7

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

222

182

145

139

85

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

16

13

13

12

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

222

145

109

103

48

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

21

23

23

25

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:





Turkey 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

18137 2880 15257

21384 3096 18288

28623 2736 25887

32007 3240 28767

34323 3766 30557

36008 3190 32818

40017 3348 36669

5.4 0.8 6.1

1172 1172

5986 5986

10967 10967

12014 12014

13311 13311

14651 14651

15698 15698

21.4 21.4

-

-

648 e 648 e -

552 e 552 e -

528 e 528 e -

432 e 432 e -

336 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

273848 3558 270290

263634 3642 259992






-


301722 301722

295863 e 11625 e 284238 e

252555 e 2472 e 250083

241775 e 1152 e 240623

231563 .. ..

-1.7 -1.7

320 .. -

-

-

-


-

-

216 e 216 e -

257 e 257 e -

277 e 277 e -

341 e 341 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-





United Kingdom 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

212.18 1.03

223.18 1.84

232.96 2.35

234.62 2.43

228.49 2.66

231.95 2.92

233.88 3.12

0.7 8.4 7.6

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.3

1132.21

1229.82

1438.22

1471.32

1497.34

1530.97

1578.20

2.3

0.19

0.18

0.16

0.16

0.15

0.15

0.15

-1.6

116

112

100

98

94

94

91

-1.6

57.24

57.93

58.64

59.03

59.21

59.38

59.66

0.3

3.71

3.85

3.97

3.97

3.86

3.91

3.92

0.4

317.8

332.5

374.4

382.3

384.9

395.9

381.3

1.7

5.81

6.87

9.90

9.60

11.18

10.71

12.97

4.8

1.8

2.1

2.6

2.5

2.9

2.7

3.4

3.1





1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Capacity

4028

4735

5608

5694

5954

6208

..

3.4

Hydro

3897

4220

4273

4296

4391

4256

..

0.7

2787

2788

2788

2788

2788

2788

..

0.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic

-

-

2

3

4

6

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

1

1

1

1

..

-

10

200

412

427

534

742

..

39.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

31

87

253

260

279

299

..

19.0



-

46

157

157

176

184

..

-

90

182

510

550

569

720

..

17.3


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


205

254

396

365

446

583

..

8.4




United Kingdom 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Electricity

7876

8835

13051

12432

14324

13968

15935

4.5

Hydro

7189

6390

7780

6411

7439

5962

7411

-1.4

1982

1552

2694

2356

2652

2734

2440

2.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

1

2

3

3

3

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

9

391

946

965

1256

1285

1820

46.5

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


140

471

880

929

959

1025

1021

16.5

83

412

453

479

493

525

523

15.2


-

199

436

776

1127

1549

1544

-

455

972

2555

2870

3047

3619

3613

17.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


7560

8425

12630

11999

13873

13513

..

4.6

Hydro

7189

6390

7780

6411

7439

5962

..

-1.4

1982

1552

2694

2356

2652

2734

..

2.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaics

-

-

1

2

3

3

..

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, Wave, Ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

9

391

946

965

1256

1285

..

46.5



-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

140

471

844

883

904

951

..

15.9

83

412

435

455

465

487

..

14.6

-

199

436

776

1127

1549

..

-

139

562

2188

2507

2679

3276

..

27.5

Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Renew. Municipal Solid Waste Non-Renew. Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

316

410

421

433

451

455

..

2.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

36

46

55

74

..

-


-

-

18

24

28

38

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

316

410

367

363

368

343

..

0.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified Source: IEA Country Submissions (2004).




United Kingdom 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

-

-

3185

2206

2059

2061

1929

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

3185

2206

2059

2061

1929

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

-

3185

2206

2059

2061

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

3185

2206

2059

2061

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:




United Kingdom 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

33 33

33 33

33 33

33 33

33 33

33 33

33 33

-

428 428

428 428

469 469

561 561

682 8 674

842 13 829

829 829

5.3 5.2

1909 1909 e

1472 1472

1472 1472

1476 1476

1802 1802

1802 ..

7.8 7.8

5682 4931 751

11537 10748 789

12864 11979 885

14025 13004 1021

14664 13798 866

14664 .. ..

13.2 15.9 -0.3

1747 1211 536

4966 4310 656

5950 5537 413

6635 6171 464

7232 6699 533

7641 7108 533

7641 .. ..

12.0 14.6 -0.0

12685 12685

37090 4685 32405

30835 11157 19678

32484 12806 19678

34353 17390 16963

43294 23072 20222

43294 .. ..

9.9 3.7

8222 5622 2600

14805 12017 2788

33912 31575 2337

37842 35468 2374

40540 37646 2894

47253 44728 2525

47253 .. ..

14.4 17.3 -0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



Industrial Waste Production Net Imports (1)

676 676 e



2933 2033 900








United States 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change


1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

1927.63 98.09

2088.54 104.93

2304.17 101.92

2258.62 89.27

2289.04 91.39

2280.79 95.25

2324.48 98.05

1.3 -0.2 -1.5

5.1

5.0

4.4

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.2

7055.00

7972.80

9764.80

9838.90

10023.50

10330.00

10782.50

3.0

0.27

0.26

0.24

0.23

0.23

0.22

0.22

-1.6

116

111

100

97

97

94

91

-1.6

250.18

266.59

282.43

285.36

288.24

291.09

293.73

1.2

7.70

7.83

8.16

7.92

7.94

7.84

7.91

0.1


3202.8

3558.4

4025.7

3838.6

4026.1

4054.4

4125.2

1.8


373.95

384.34

330.18

260.21

347.03

359.45

354.98

-0.3

11.7

10.8

8.2

6.8

8.6

8.9

8.6

-2.1






1990 Total Capacity Hydro

106104

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

114883

113051

117124

118053

..

0.8

100060

98881

95844

99727

99215

..

0.6

-

21387

19522

18334

20373

20522

..

-

2669

2968

2793

3003

2252

2133

..

-1.7

139

168

212

275

..

-

339

-

333

419

246

185

122

..

-7.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal

115442 e

2000

92360


1995

Tide, Wave, Ocean

67 e

1911

1731

2377

3918

4417

5995

..

9.2

Industrial Waste

-

-

638

378

730

726

..

-


-

-

2627

2497

2492

2442

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

6129

6112

6151

6115

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

880

885

958

1030

..

-


8825

10283

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

63635

60129

58705

56978

..

-

Wind




United States 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03 0.2

Total Electricity

395066 e

419738

372499

300895

388108

403117

397551

Hydro

288960

337856

279986

214728

291755

305724

299062

0.4

15808

23740

26782

26476

24721

27115

26645

4.2

16012

14941

14621

14246

14939

14870

14801

-0.6

3

4

3

3

3

2

2

-3.1

663

824

526

565

569

548

595

-1.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3066

3196

5650

6806

10459

11300

14297

10.6

-

4268

7170

6108

8106

8460

7986

3.3

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Tide, Wave, Ocean Wind Industrial Waste Municipal Solid Waste Renew.

5306 e

7386

8364

8102

8252

8093

7937


5307

7387

8363

8102

8253

8091

7937

3.3

55255 e

40587

42586

36821

40210

39711

39227

-2.5

Solid Biomass

3289

5230

5414

5562

6318

5707

-

20494 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


328128 e

382658

330651

262833

346830

363397

..

0.8

Hydro

288960

337856

279986

214728

291755

305724

..

0.4

15808

23740

26782

26476

24721

27115

..

4.2

16012

14941

14621

14246

14939

14870

..

-0.6

3

4

3

3

3

2

..

-3.1

663

824

526

565

569

548

..

-1.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3066

3196

5650

6806

10459

11300

..

10.6

Gas from Biomass Comb. Renewables Non-Specified of which:

of which: Pumped Storage Geothermal Solar Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Tide, Wave, Ocean Wind

-

Industrial Waste

440

923

680

2322

3460

..

-

6716

7263

7175

7168

7019

..

2.9


4846 e


4847

6716

7262

7175

7168

7018

..

2.9

Solid Biomass

9731 e

8887

10512

7197

8263

8185

..

-1.3

Gas from Biomass

-

3078

3905

4258

4184

5271

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

37080

41848

38062

41278

39720

..

-3.9 -

CHP Plants

66938 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

3828

6247

5428

5784

5000

..

-

460 e

670

1101

927

1084

1074

..

6.7


460 45524 e -


20494 e

671

1101

927

1085

1073

..

6.7

31700

32074

29624

31947

31526

..

-2.8

211

1325

1156

1378

1047

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




United States 4. GROSS HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

Total Heat

-

28539

27118

16059

18257

24350

24192

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

1993

187

782

1841

1328

1319

-


-

3635

7626

3107

3658

2393

2377

-


-

3635

7625

3106

3658

2392

2377

-

Solid Biomass

-

19276

9489

8268

8669

17932

17816

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

2191

796

431

305

303

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP Plants

-

28539

27118

16059

18257

24350

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

1993

187

782

1841

1328

..

-


-

3635

7626

3107

3658

2393

..

-


-

3635

7625

3106

3658

2392

..

-

Solid Biomass

-

19276

9489

8268

8669

17932

..

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

2191

796

431

305

..

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat Only Plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar Thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial Waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from Biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:




United States 5. PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION AND FINAL CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE PRODUCTS (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004e

90-03

590501 576432 14069

554876 537876 17000

548091 526356 21735

539652 515808 23844

346456 321345 25111

359846 319858 39988

395193 355224 39969

-3.7 -4.4 8.4

2387 2387 -

2967 2967 -

54404 2142 52262

28.1 7.0 -

-

128432 125190 3242

172192 69406 102786

144568 62971 81597

157848 78843 79005

182085 86451 95634

104557 .. ..

x -

135119 135119 -

171490 128715 42775

145033 132540 12493

161161 152668 8493

149945 137802 12143

150004 .. ..

4.3 3.6 -

86914 86914 -

135118 135118 -

171489 128714 42775

145033 132539 12494

161160 152667 8493

149944 137801 12143

150004 .. ..

4.3 3.6 -

1824387 878314 e 946073

2401242 1281621 1119621

2303809 502381 1801428

2021734 493964 1527770

1938531 619994 1318537

1985074 552492 1432582

2034227 .. ..

0.7 x -3.5 3.2

-

42788 42788 -

123966 63322 60644

137350 74073 63277

152430 73167 79263

153701 77756 75945

154660 .. ..

-

-

4063 49 -1106 3006

4498 -1923 2575

4747 -2132 2615

6160 -3315 2845

8684 -7006 1678

10203 362 93 ..

x -



65871 e 5569 e 60302

62961 e 5982 e 56979

61550 e 5920 e 55630

59738 e 5745 e 53993



86915 e 86915 e -







INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY ENERGY STATISTICS DIVISION POSSIBLE STAFF VACANCIES The Division is responsible for statistical support and advice to the policy and operational Divisions of the International Energy Agency. It also produces a wide range of annual and quarterly publications complemented by CD-ROMs and on-line data services. For these purposes, the Division maintains extensive international databases covering most aspects of energy supply and use. Vacancies for statisticians occur from time to time. Typically their work includes: • Gathering and vetting data from questionnaires and publications, discussions on data issues with respondents to questionnaires in national administrations and fuel companies. • Managing energy databases in order to maintain accuracy and timeliness of output. • Creating and maintaining computer procedures for the production of tables, reports and analyses.

• Preparing studies on an ad-hoc basis as required by other Divisions of the International Energy Agency. Nationals of any OECD Member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries range from 2 730 to 3 620 Euros per month, depending on qualifications. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Ms Beth Hunter Head of Personnel and Finance Division IEA, 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE [email protected]

S TAT I S T I C S P U B L I C AT I O N S

On-Line Data Ser vices Users can now instantly access not only all the data published in this book, but also all the time series used for preparing this publication and all the other statistics publications of the IEA. The data are available on-line, either through annual subscription or pay-per-view access. More information on this new service can be found on our Web site: http://data.iea.org

Ten

Annual

Publications

Energy Statistics of OECD Countries No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage. It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, combustible renewables/wastes and products derived from these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Data are presented for the two most recent years available in detailed supply and consumption tables. Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data. Published June 2005 - Price €110

Energy Balances of OECD Countries A companion volume to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, this publication presents standardised energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Energy supply and consumption data are divided by main fuel: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydro, geothermal/solar, combustible renewables/wastes, electricity and heat. This allows for easy comparison of the contributions each fuel makes to the economy and their interrelationships through the conversion of one fuel to another. All of this is essential for estimating total energy supply, forecasting, energy conservation, and analysing the potential for interfuel substitution. Complete energy balances are presented for the two most recent years available. Historical tables summarise key energy and economic indicators as well as data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data as well as conversion factors from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent. Published June 2005 - Price €110

Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It includes data in original units for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and non-OECD countries' detailed statistics provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation. For a description of the content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above. Published August 2005 - Price €110


Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances in million tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries, and thus provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation. For a description of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries above. Published August 2005 - Price €110

Electricity Information This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity and heat for each OECD member countries by bringing together information on production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices, consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades. The document also presents selected non-OECD country statistics on the main electricity and heat flows. It is an essential document for electricity and heat market and policy analysts. Published August 2005 - Price €130

Coal Information This well-established publication provides detailed information on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It presents country specific statistics for OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand, trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream, as well as institutions and governments involved in market and policy analysis of the world coal market. Published August 2005 - Price €150

Natural Gas Information A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world. Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Published August 2005 - Price €150

Oil Information A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by enduser for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination. Published August 2005 - Price €150


Renewables Information This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. It also includes a selection of indicators for non-OECD countries. This report provides a strong foundation for renewables energy policy and market analysis to assess progress towards domestic and international objectives. Published August 2005 - Price €80

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The eleventh session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP 11), in conjunction with the first meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP 1), will be meeting in Montreal from 28 November to 9 December 2005. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2003 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Published November 2005 - Price €150

Two

Quarterlies

Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin and destination. Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis. Published Quarterly - Price €110, annual subscription €350

Energy Prices and Taxes This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for up-to-date information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics cover the main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Published Quarterly - Price €110, annual subscription €350


Electronic

Editions

CD-ROMs and Online Data Services To complement its publications, the Energy Statistics Division produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities. These databases are also available on the internet from our online data service. Annual CD-ROMS / Online Databases

. . . . . . . . . . .

Energy Energy Energy Energy

Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2003 Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2003 Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2003 Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2003

Price: Price: Price: Price:

€500 €500 €500 €500

(single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user)

Combined subscription of the above four series

Price: €1 200 (single user)

Electricity Information 2005 Coal Information 2005 Natural Gas Information 2005 Oil Information 2005 Renewables Information 2005 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1971-2003

Price: Price: Price: Price: Price: Price:

€500 €500 €500 €500 €300 €500

(single (single (single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user) user) user)

Quarterly CD-ROMs / Online Databases

.

Price: (four quarters) €800 (single user)

Energy Prices and Taxes

Other

Online

Services

The Monthly Oil Data Service The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available two days after the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include: . Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks . Trade . Field-by-Field Supply . Complete Service

Price: Price: Price: Price:

€5 €1 €2 €8

500 650 750 250

(single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user)

A full description of this service is available on our Web site: http://modsinfo.iea.org


The Monthly Gas Data Service The Monthly Gas Data Service provides for OECD countries historical and current data on natural gas supply and demand, as well as detailed information on trade origins and destinations. The packages include:

.

Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical plus 12 monthly updates

Price: €440 (single user)

.

Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical

Price: €330 (single user)

A description of the service is available on our Web site: http://data.iea.org

Moreover, the IEA site on Internet contains key energy indicators by country, graphs on the world and OECD's energy situation evolution from 1971 to the most recent year available, as well as selected databases for demonstration. The IEA site can be accessed at: http://www.iea.org

Renewables Information 2005 Edition

Renewables Information 2004

Renewables Information 2009

Renewables Information 2011 (IEA Statistics)

Renewables Information 2010 (IEA Statistics)

Coal Information 2005

Co-generation and Renewables

Medicine, 2005 Edition

Linux Bible, 2005 Edition

Renewables-based technology: sustainability assessment

Linux Bible, 2005 Edition

Linux Bible, 2005 Edition

Renewables-based technology: sustainability assessment

Information Marketing, Second Edition

Renewables for Power Generation: Status and Prospects - 2003 Edition

Coal Information: 2007 Edition

Information Warfare: Second Edition

QuickBooks 2005 Bible, Desktop Edition

Management Information Systems, 6th Edition

Management Information Systems, 10th Edition

Corporate Information Factory, 2nd Edition

Information Retrieval - SciFinder, 2nd edition

Information Technology Auditing, 3rd Edition

Renewables in Russia: From Opportunity to Reality

2005

Transversity 2005: 2005

Reglement sanitaire international, 2eme edition (2005)

Scientific American Special Edition 2005 - Mind

Expert VB 2005 Business Objects, Second Edition

Handbook of Anesthesiology, 2004-2005 Edition

Expert C# 2005 Business Objects, Second Edition

Renewables Information 2005 Edition

Renewables Information 2004

Renewables Information 2009

Renewables Information 2011 (IEA Statistics)

Renewables Information 2010 (IEA Statistics)

Coal Information 2005

Co-generation and Renewables

Medicine, 2005 Edition

Linux Bible, 2005 Edition

Renewables-based technology: sustainability assessment

Linux Bible, 2005 Edition

Linux Bible, 2005 Edition

Renewables-based technology: sustainability assessment

Information Marketing, Second Edition

Renewables for Power Generation: Status and Prospects - 2003 Edition

Coal Information: 2007 Edition

Information Warfare: Second Edition

QuickBooks 2005 Bible, Desktop Edition

Management Information Systems, 6th Edition

Management Information Systems, 10th Edition

Corporate Information Factory, 2nd Edition

Information Retrieval - SciFinder, 2nd edition

Information Technology Auditing, 3rd Edition

Renewables in Russia: From Opportunity to Reality

2005

Transversity 2005: 2005

Reglement sanitaire international, 2eme edition (2005)

Scientific American Special Edition 2005 - Mind

Expert VB 2005 Business Objects, Second Edition

Handbook of Anesthesiology, 2004-2005 Edition

Expert C# 2005 Business Objects, Second Edition

Recommend Documents