Renewables Information 2009

I E A

S T A T I S T I C S I N T E R N AT I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y

RENEWABLES

INFORMATION

2009 Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at

www.iea.org/about/ copyright.asp

RENEWABLES

INFORMATION

2009 with 2008 data

2009

IEA member countries: Australia

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Austria Belgium

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous body which was established in November 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an international energy programme.

Canada Czech Republic

It carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among twenty-eight of the thirty OECD member countries. The basic aims of the IEA are:

Denmark

n To maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions.

Finland

n To promote rational energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with non-member countries, industry and international organisations.

France

n To operate a permanent information system on international oil markets. n To provide data on other aspects of international energy markets.

Germany

n To improve the world’s energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative energy sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use.

Greece

n To promote international collaboration on energy technology.

Hungary

n To assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies, including relating to climate change.

Ireland Italy Japan

Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of thirty democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.

© OECD/IEA, 2009 International Energy Agency (IEA) 9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................v 1.

Principles and definitions........................... vii General notes ........................................................ vii Data sources ........................................................ viii Primary energy conventions ................................... ix Units and conversions ............................................ ix Notes on energy sources and flows.........................x

PART I

2.

Geographical coverage .............................. xv

3.

Country notes ............................................ xvii

4.

Conversion factors ................................... xxv

RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY

Development of Renewables and Waste in the World An IEA fact sheet ................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Development of Renewables and Waste in OECD Countries Primary energy supply ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Electricity production ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Installed generating capacity..............................................................................................................................................13

Understanding Solar Energy Statistics ....................................................................................................... 15

PART II RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW Table 1. World: renewables indicators in 2007 ..................................................................................................................25 Table 2. OECD: contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................................28 Table 3. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources ...........................................................................29 Table 4. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydro .................................................30 Table 5. OECD: primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2007 ..........................................................................31 Table 6. OECD: estimated primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2008 .........................................................32

PART III DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA Directory of Part III Graphs and Tables OECD Total................................................................... 35 OECD North America .................................................... 45 OECD/IEA Pacific ......................................................... 55 OECD Europe ............................................................... 65 IEA Total ....................................................................... 75 IEA North America ........................................................ 85 IEA Europe.................................................................... 95 Australia ...................................................................... 105 Austria ......................................................................... 115 Belgium ....................................................................... 125 Canada ....................................................................... 135 Czech Republic ........................................................... 145 Denmark ..................................................................... 155 Finland ........................................................................ 165 France ......................................................................... 175 Germany ..................................................................... 185 Greece ........................................................................ 195 Hungary ...................................................................... 205

Iceland .........................................................................215 Ireland ..........................................................................225 Italy ..............................................................................235 Japan ...........................................................................245 Korea ...........................................................................255 Luxembourg .................................................................265 Mexico .........................................................................275 Netherlands .................................................................285 New Zealand................................................................295 Norway.........................................................................305 Poland..........................................................................315 Portugal .......................................................................325 Slovak Republic ...........................................................335 Spain............................................................................345 Sweden ........................................................................355 Switzerland ..................................................................365 Turkey ..........................................................................375 United Kingdom ...........................................................385 United States ...............................................................395

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

iv - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

ABBREVIATIONS

GJ

:

Gigajoule (109 joules)

GW

:

Gigawatt

GWh

:

Gigawatt hour = 3.6 Terajoules

kW

:

kilowatt

kWh

:

kilowatt hour

MW

:

Megawatt (electric)

MWh

:

Megawatt hour

MWth : 2

Megawatt thermal

m

:

metre squared

t

:

metric ton = tonne

TJ

:

Terajoule (1012 joules)

1 toe

:

tonne of oil equivalent = 41.868 GJ = 107 kcal

TWh

:

Terawatt hour

GDP

:

Gross domestic product

RES

:

Renewable energy sources

TPES

:

Total primary energy supply

c

:

confidential data

e

:

estimated data

..

:

not available

x

:

not applicable

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - v

INTRODUCTION Renewables Information 2009 is the eighth edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on renewable and waste energies to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the renewables industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends as well as the current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to better inform the policy decision process towards policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Renewables Information 2009 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on renewables and waste. It covers production, trade, transformation to electricity and heat, final consumption and installed generating capacity from renewables and waste. This introduction is followed by important information that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication. The information is structured as follows: 1. Principles and definitions General notes Data sources Primary energy conventions Units and conversions Notes on energy sources and flows 2. Geographical coverage 3. Country notes 4. Conversion factors Part I of the publication provides an overview of developments in the markets for renewables and waste in the world. A greater focus is given to OECD Member countries. It also provides selected renewables indicators for non-OECD countries.

This edition of Renewables Information will also focus on the challenges associated with the collection of data from solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies. By providing a detailed explanation of these issues, this article aims to assist the reader in Understanding Solar Energy Statistics presented in this publication. Part II provides, in a tabular form, a statistical overview corresponding to Part I. Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments in renewables and waste for each of the 30 OECD Member countries. The OECD data shown in this publication are primarily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administrations to ensure consistency in time series and with IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. The finalised data provide the basis for Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, national submissions to the United Nations and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the methodology sections of those publications for more detail on individual non-member countries covered in the publication. All tables are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering CD-ROMs and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at www.iea.org. In addition, a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-perview basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org.

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vi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site.

Editorial and secretarial support from Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged.

Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD renewables and waste statistics were the responsibility of Ms. Yasmina Abdelilah. Mr. Michel Francoeur had overall responsibility for this publication.

Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to:

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the nonOECD Member countries section headed by Mrs. Roberta Quadrelli, to the OECD Balances section headed by Mrs. Karen Tréanton, to Mr. Cédric Philibert of the Renewable Energy Unit, and Mr. David Wilkinson of the Office of the Chief Economist for their contribution to Part I of the publication.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Michel Francoeur or Yasmina Abdelilah Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Tel: (33 1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 66 27 Fax: (33 1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: [email protected]

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - vii

1. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS The following section is structured as follows: x x x x x

General notes Data sources Primary energy conventions Units and conversions Notes on energy sources and flows

General notes This publication is the eighth edition of Renewables Information. Energy data for OECD countries are submitted by all OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat in a common format and methodology to allow international comparison. Even though data quality improves with each new edition due to the continuous efforts of the IEA in partnership with national administrations, it is important to highlight that difficulties exist in the collection of some data. As a result, there are often breaks in the time series among countries. For example, one continuing problem is the breakdown between renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. The breakdown is important because most countries include the renewable (biodegradable) part of municipal waste in their renewables definition, while they exclude the remainder. Furthermore, the non-renewable component is counted when calculating CO2 emissions. Data collection from off-grid systems that work independently or are connected to a local distribution system also remains a problem. These systems are frequently omitted in national statistics due to difficulties in collecting these data. This is, for example, the case

regarding solar energy data, where for a number of countries, production and capacity are likely to be considerably higher than indicated in this publication. One general issue regarding renewable statistics is that the variety of definitions for the word “renewable” may not refer to the same energy sources. Some of the definitions of renewable energy used by national and international bodies, include specific renewables technologies such as large hydro, geothermal, peat, municipal waste or industrial waste while others exclude them. Similarly, renewables may or may not include non-commercial biomass, which has substantial effects regarding renewable data for developing countries. The Renewable Energy Working Party of the International Energy Agency set down the following broad definition: “Renewable Energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Therefore, in this publication the renewable products are: hydro (large, medium and small), geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biomass, gases from biomass, liquid biomass and renewable municipal waste. It follows that total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, waste heat, net heat generated by heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. While some OECD member countries accept industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste as INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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renewable energy sources, many countries exclude them on the grounds that they are not biodegradable. Under IEA methodology, industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste are excluded from the definition of renewable energy sources. However, these data are included in this publication in order to account for the full range of statistics collected in the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire. A division into renewable and non-renewable municipal waste is sometimes based on estimates. Similarly, in some countries industrial waste statistics are not of the same quality as those for other products, because renewables and waste data collection systems were not in place in many countries in the early 1990s. Non-commercial biomass is included in our definition, but data are not always complete. Electricity from fuel cells using hydrogen from renewable as well as non-renewable sources is not included in this publication due to lack of reliable information. Energy flows data reported for 2008 (shown as 2008e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2009 and on monthly submissions to the IEA from Member countries. Special attention should also be given to the percentage of renewables over TPES in countries where the net trade of electricity is large and represents a significant percentage. In these cases, the high net imports or exports of electricity can heavily influence upward or downwards the percentage of renewables in TPES. Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on data available at time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of non-OECD Countries. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries.

i) IEA/OECD renewables statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydro, solid biomass, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, liquid biomass, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide/wave/ ocean, non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes electricity and heat production from renewable sources and supply/demand balances of renewable and waste products. The main data from this system are published annually in this publication.

ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producer (formerly public) and autoproducer plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.

iii) IEA/OECD energy balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics systems of the IEA. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.

iv) OECD main economic indicators OECD Main Economic Indicators is a monthly compilation of a range of indicators on recent economic developments for the 30 OECD Member countries. Please refer to this publication for detailed notes regarding the selected indicators.

Latest year data: 2008

Data sources Historical data (1990-2007) The annual historical data in Part III of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Energy data reported for 2008 in this publication are submitted to the Secretariat by Member countries as preliminary data and are shown in this book as 2008e. Final 2008 data on renewables and waste will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in Annual Questionnaires in late 2009. As a result, final data for 2008 and preliminary 2009 data will be published in the 2010 edition of Renewables Information.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - ix

Primary energy conventions There are two assumptions that must be made when constructing an energy balance for certain renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, hydro, wind, etc.: 1) the form of the primary energy and 2) the method for calculation of the primary energy equivalent. The conventions for these are described below.

1) Choice of the primary energy form For each of these sources, there is a need to define the form of primary energy to be considered; for instance, in the case of hydro energy, a choice must be made between the kinetic energy of falling water and the electricity produced. For photovoltaic electricity, the choice is between the solar radiation received and the electricity produced. The principle adopted by the IEA is that the primary energy form should be the first energy form downstream in the production process for which multiple energy uses are practical. The application of this principle leads to the choice of the following primary energy forms: x Heat for geothermal and solar thermal; x Electricity for hydro, wind, tide/wave/ocean and solar photovoltaic.

2) Calculation of the primary energy equivalent There are essentially two methods that can be used to calculate the primary energy equivalent of the above energy sources: the partial substitution method and the physical energy content method. The partial substitution method: In this method, the primary energy equivalent of the above sources of electricity generation represents the amount of energy that would be necessary to generate an identical amount of electricity in conventional thermal power plants. The primary energy equivalent is calculated using an average generating efficiency of these plants. This method has several shortcomings, including the difficulty in choosing an appropriate generating efficiency and the fact that the partial substitution method is not relevant for countries with a high share of hydro electricity. For these reasons, the IEA has, as most of the international organizations have, adopted the physical energy content method. The physical energy content method: This method uses the physical energy content of the primary

energy source as the primary energy equivalent. As a consequence, there is an obvious link between the principles adopted in defining the primary energy forms of energy sources (1) and the primary energy equivalent of these sources (2). For instance, in the case of solar thermal and geothermal electricity production, where heat is selected as the primary energy form by the IEA, the primary energy equivalent is the quantity of heat generated in the geothermal or solar thermal plant for electricity generation. In the case of hydro, wind, tide and solar PV, where electricity is selected as the primary energy form, the primary energy equivalent is the physical energy content of the electricity generated in the plant, which amounts to assuming an efficiency of 100%. For geothermal and solar thermal, if no countryspecific information was available, the primary energy equivalent is calculated as follow: x 10% for geothermal electricity x 50% for geothermal heat x 100% for solar thermal heat. Since these two types of energy balances differ significantly in the treatment of electricity from solar, hydro, wind, etc., the share of renewables in total energy supply will appear to be very different depending on the method used. As a result, when looking at the percentages of various energy sources in total supply, it is important to understand the underlying conventions that were used to calculate the primary energy balances.

Units and conversions Conversion (to toe) All units in this publication are metric units. Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the tonne of oil equivalent (toe). A tonne of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one tonne of average crude oil. This unit is used by the IEA/OECD in its energy balances. Note also that totals may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between the net and the gross INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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calorific value for each fuel is the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. Electricity data are converted from original units of gigawatt hours to million tonnes of oil equivalent using the relationship: 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Complete listings of conversion factors to convert energy sources from basic units to tons of oil equivalent are reported in Section 4 at the end of this Chapter.

Electricity All electricity data are reported to the IEA in GWh and MWh or MW (for capacity). Figures for the energy equivalent of electricity production and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Hydro electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10 per cent when the geothermal energy input is not submitted by a country. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe

Heat Information on heat is supplied in Terajoules (TJ). 1 TJ = 2.388 x 10-5 Mtoe In the case of geothermal heat, the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an average thermal efficiency of 50 per cent, when the geothermal energy input is not submitted by a country. 1 TJ = (2.388 x 10-5 ÷ 0.5) Mtoe

Solar thermal capacity of solar collector surfaces The nominal solar thermal capacity of solar collectors’ surfaces is derived using a factor of 0.7 kWth /m2 (IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Implementing Agreement). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Notes on energy sources and flows Collection of the data presents national governments with some unique challenges. Renewable energy systems tend to be smaller than conventional systems, and harder to track. Operators tend to be more diverse and more numerous. Many systems are connected to the grid at the distribution level, rather than at the transmission level, and so do not require interconnection permits. National governments are seeking to improve data collection methods to reflect the nature of renewable energies. In general, the dispersion of renewables and waste production, specifically off-grid production (such as domestic solar collectors and/or small wind turbines), creates transparency and measurement problems. Thus, the nature and structure of the renewables energy market impedes data quality and reliability when compared to that of the traditional fossil fuels, which mainly produce heat and electricity in grid-connected plants.

Electricity and heat Gross electricity production Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station; it therefore includes the energy taken by station auxiliaries and losses in transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Although output from pumped storage plants is included in total hydro electricity production, it is excluded from primary hydro electricity generation and therefore it also is excluded from the contribution of renewables.

Gross heat production Data collected on heat has been expanded to obtain more disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of CHP plants and of Heat only plants. Data on heat become available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated data should be used with caution.

Types of plants Fuel consumption in combustible fuel-fired power plants is split into three types of plants (electricity, CHP and heat). These are defined as follows: Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce electricity only.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xi

Combined heat and power plants (CHP) refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations). Heat plants refers to plants which are designed to produce heat only. Heat delivered from CHP or Heat plants may be used for process or space heating purposes in any sector of economic activity including the residential sector. It should be noted that the reporting of data on fuel use and electricity and heat production according to plant type is normally conducted at the level of the plant, assuming that if a plant comprises at least one CHP unit then the entire plant is considered a CHP plant.

Net maximum capacity

Stock changes and transfers Stock Changes and Transfers include the difference between opening stock levels and closing stock levels as well as products transferred.

Gross consumption Gross Consumption consists of production + net imports ± stock changes – transfers.

Statistics differences The difference between the calculated and the observed gross consumption

Transformation sector The transformation sector comprises the conversion of primary forms of energy to secondary forms as well as further transformation processes.

Net maximum capacity is defined as the sum of net maximum capacities of all stations taken individually at a given period of operation. It is the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all plants running, at the point of outlet to the network. It is assumed that all equipment is in full working order, that the power produced can be disposed of without any restrictions and that optimum conditions prevail as regards primary sources (i.e. flow and head in the case of hydro plants; grades and quantity of fuel in hand and water supply, temperature and purity, in the case of combustible fuel-fired plants and assuming that the output and method of production in CHP plants are those which lend to maximum electricity production). It represents the sum of all individual plants’ maximum capacities available to run continuously throughout a prolonged period of operation in a day.

Energy sector

The capacity is net in the sense that it is the output capacity measured at the station busbars, i.e. after deducting the power consumed by station auxiliaries and losses in station transformers.

Hydro refers to potential and kinetic energy of water converted into electricity in hydroelectric plants. As a primary energy source, hydro excludes the output energy from pumped storage plants. However, electricity output from pumped storage plants is included in the accounting of overall electricity production.

Supply, transformation and consumption Primary production Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and waste, geothermal or solar thermal. Production is calculated after removal of impurities.

Net imports Net imports are the sum of total imports minus total exports.

This includes renewable energies and waste consumed by the energy industry to support the transformation activity.

Distribution losses Distribution Losses refers to all losses occurring due to transport and distribution.

Final energy consumption Final Energy Consumption is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors (industry, transport and other).

Products Hydro

Geothermal Energy available as heat emitted from within the earth's crust, usually in the form of hot water or steam. It is used for electricity generation, heat production for sale to third parties or directly as heat in its primary form. Electricity output: For electricity generation, unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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process is known or submitted by the national administration, the quantity of geothermal energy input for electricity generation is inferred from the electricity production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 10%. Heat sold: For heat produced and sold to a third party, unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal process is known or submitted by the national administration, the quantity of geothermal energy input for heat production is inferred from the heat production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 50%. Final energy consumption: Directly used as heat for district heating, agriculture or greenhouses.

Solar Solar photovoltaic electricity is estimated on the basis of 100% efficiency (based on the IEA methodology that the first energy form downstream in the production energy is considered the primary supply). Solar thermal transformation input to heat production is inferred assuming a 100% thermal efficiency. The thermal transformation input into electricity is as submitted by the national administration. Passive solar energy for direct heating, cooling or lighting of dwellings or other buildings is not included. Solar photovoltaic: This is solar radiation exploited for electricity generation by photovoltaic cells. Solar thermal: This is solar radiation exploited for hot water production and/or electricity generation by flat plate collectors or solar thermal-electric plants.

Tide / wave / ocean Mechanical energy derived from tidal movement, wave motion or ocean current and exploited for electricity generation.

Wind Kinetic energy of wind exploited for electricity generation by wind turbines.

Industrial waste Industrial waste (e.g. tyres) consists of solid, liquid or gaseous products combusted directly, usually in specialised plants, to produce heat and/or power and that are not reported in the category solid biomass. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Renewable municipal waste Renewable municipal waste consists of the biodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or power. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including biodegradable hospital waste.

Non-renewable municipal waste Non-renewable municipal waste consists of the nonbiodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or power. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including non-biodegradable hospital waste.

Solid biomass Solid biomass covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin which may be used as fuel for heat production and electricity generation. Wood, Wood Waste, Other Solid Waste: covers wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for energy production), animal materials/waste, and sulphite lyes (also known as black liquor, this is a sludge that contains the lignin digested from wood for paper making). Charcoal: covers the solid residue of the destructive distillation and pyrolysis of wood and other vegetal material. Since charcoal is a secondary product, its treatment is slightly different than that of the other primary biomass. Production of charcoal (an output in the transformation process) is offset by the inputs of primary biomass into the charcoal production process. The losses from this process are included in the transformation sector. Other supply (e.g. trade and stock changes) as well as consumption are aggregated directly with the primary biomass. In some countries, only primary biomass is reported.

Gas from biomass Biogas is derived principally from the anaerobic fermentation of biomass and solid waste and is combusted to produce heat and/or power. Landfill gas: covers gas formed by digestion of landfilled waste.

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Sewage sludge gas: covers gas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge.

Biogasoline: includes bioethanol, biomethanol, bioETBE and bioMTBE.

Other biogas: covers gas such as biogas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of animal slurries and of waste abattoirs, breweries and other agrofood industries.

Biodiesels: includes biodiesel, biodimethylether, Fischer Tropsh, cold pressed biooil and all other liquid biofuels which are added to, blended with or used straight as transport diesel.

Liquid biomass Liquid biomass includes fuels and bioadditives such as biogasoline biodiesel and other liquid biofuels.

Other liquid biofuels: includes liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesels.

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2. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. With the exception of Iceland and Mexico, all 30 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States.

OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and therefore exclude non-IEA Members, shown in italics in the OECD aggregates. Please note that all OECD Pacific countries are also members of IEA and therefore we refer to it as OECD/IEA Pacific. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America. Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia.

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China includes the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Non-OECD Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus 1 , Gibraltar, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Malta, Romania, Serbia2, Montenegro and Slovenia.

1. Note by Turkey: With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.

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Former Soviet Union includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xvii

3. COUNTRY NOTES General notes This report is focused on the data from 1990 onward, due to the limited availability of data prior to 1990. The 2008 data are preliminary and are based on national administrations’ own estimates, unless otherwise specified. For Australia, Japan and New Zealand (prior to 1994) electricity data refer to fiscal years. In cases where the breakdown of municipal waste into renewable and non-renewable components was not reported, the IEA Secretariat estimated equal shares of renewable and non-renewable components. Estimates of solar collector capacity in Canada, Japan, and Norway were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2008 Edition).

Australia Biogas production at sewage treatment plants is unavailable. Prior to 1995, electricity production from biogas was included in natural gas. A different industry consumption breakdown is available from 1996 and leads to breaks in series.

Austria Data for solar photovoltaic and wind are available from 1993. For the 2009 edition, data on wood production and consumption was revised back to 1999 based on a survey that improved the quality of data concerning consumption of biomass fired district heating plants.

Survey respondents to the Austrian administration had difficulty distinguishing between solid biomass and renewable municipal waste for the classification of the fuel used for electricity produced in 2007 in main activity electricity plants. Until the issue is further resolved, the IEA Secretariat estimated the electricity generated from renewable municipal waste based on 2006 figures and the inputs to transformation based on 2006 plant efficiencies. The remaining shares of electricity were allocated to solid biomass and marked as estimates. Indigenous production of both fuels was adjusted to reflect these estimations. The national administration is planning on revising the 2007 data once the fuel is classified.

Belgium For 1998 and 1999, electricity production at CHP plants with annual heat output below 0.5 TJ is reported with electricity only plants. The federal authorities are changing their method of collecting data: The operators in the relevant sectors are to be surveyed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs according to a survey based on that of the IEA. The Institut de Conseil et d’Études en Développement Durable will continue to provide complementary information. Due to this ongoing change, industrial waste and other biogas consumed in Transformation sector for 2004 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat. In 2003, combustion of municipal waste for electricity and heat generation purposes increased significantly. However, as a portion of heat produced is not used (sold) it has led to a significant drop in plant efficiencies between 2002 and 2003. Geothermal heat from main activity heat plants from 1990 – 2007 was previously misclassified as direct use prior to the 2009 edition. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Data on biodiesels are available starting in 2007. Reclassification of industrial waste, consumed by the chemical sector, as an oil product caused revisions downwards to the entire industrial waste time series.

Canada Only gross maximum electrical capacity is available. Inputs of combustible renewables and waste to autoproducer plants generating electricity are estimated by the Canadian administration. The split of municipal waste is reported as 65% renewable and 35% non renewable. The IEA Secretariat has estimated the data for industrial waste from 1990 to 2007, liquid biomass (ethanol) from 1998 to 2004, municipal waste from 1990 – 2004, and landfill gas from 1997 – 2006 based on information supplied by Natural Resources Canada. Landfill gas production and consumption for 2007 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat using information from Environment Canada, Waste Management. In 2007, a new report was released on municipal solid waste used for electricity and heat production in 2005 and 2006 and was used to estimate MSW data for 2005 – 2007 which result in a break in the time series between 2004 and 2005. In addition to the report, the Canadian administration reclassified main activity plants as autoproducer and only had information available on net production of heat and electricity from municipal waste.

Czech Republic The Czech Republic became a separate state in 1993 and since then data have been officially submitted by the Czech administration. This may lead to breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. Solid biomass inputs to main activity producer electricity plants and CHP plants include industrial waste and biogas for 1995 and 1996. Data on biogas used in main activity producer CHP and autoproducer heat plants start in 1997. Data for liquid biomass are available starting in 1992 and for municipal waste starting in 1999. The restructuring of the Czech electricity market leads to breaks in the time series in all sectors between 1998 and 2000. New survey systems cause breaks in final consumption in 1999 and in 2002. Breaks in both INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

supply and consumption of combustible renewables and waste occur again in 2003. The exports of biodiesel increased in 2005 driven by high prices for the commodity.

Denmark Fish oil used in heat plants is included with solid biomass. Electricity consumption in non-specified energy sectors includes consumption in district heating plants and use for the distribution of electricity. The number of heating companies burning wood chips in boilers that are equipped with flue-gas condensation is increasing. This implies a very high efficiency of heat plants. In the 2009 edition, production and transformation of solar thermal was revised downwards in 1996 – 2006 because it was discovered that consumption of electricity from solar photovoltaic in the residential sector had erroneously been doubled counted as inputs of solar thermal to autoproducer electricity plants in previous editions.

Finland Prior to 1992, outputs from the use of combustible renewables and waste to generate electricity and/or heat were included in peat therefore the IEA Secretariat estimated the breakdown of outputs from municipal waste and solid biomass based on inputs reported. Before 1999, all wood electricity production from autoproducers is allocated to CHP plants. Data for biogas and industrial waste are available from 1996. Heat output from autoproducer CHP plants become available in 1996. A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in series for most products and sectors between 1999 and 2000. Prior to 2004, industrial waste included some other products such as hydrogen, heat from chemical process, natural gas and blast furnace gas etc. Finish National Administration is working on harmonizing combustible renewables and waste data for the years 2000 to 2007, where several breaks occur.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xix

France Electricity production from wind is available from 1991. Plants using municipal waste were reclassified as autoproducer CHP plants from 1995.

Germany Prior to 2003 electricity production in electricity plants includes production from CHP plants and heat production in CHP plants includes production from heat plants. GDP figures prior to 1991 are based on conversions made by the German Institute for Economic Research (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) and the former Statistical Office of the GDR (Statistisches Amt der DDR). These conversions are highly dependent on specific hypotheses and do not necessarily reflect economic realities. The German Federal Statistics Office reclassified some industrial branches which may cause a break in series in final consumption sub-sectors of industry between 1994 and 1995. The German administration started reporting near surface geothermal energy in 1995, which leads to a break in time series with 1994, where only deep geothermal energy is reported. A new survey for renewables causes breaks in the time series between 1998 and 1999. In some instances, electricity generation from hydro, solar and wind in autoproducers electricity plants are confidential or non-available and therefore included in main activity producer electricity plants. The same applies to gas from biomass from 1999. The German administration submitted an incomplete annual questionnaire on renewables and waste for the years 2001 and 2002. As a consequence, the IEA Secretariat estimated the missing data based on statistics published by the Federal Environment Ministry and data submitted in the Electricity and Heat questionnaire. Electricity consumed in the energy sector is not available for small industrial plants in 2000, which may cause breaks in the time series. There is large drop in the series reported for industrial waste between 2004 and 2005 because new information redistributed amounts previously reported as industrial waste into municipal waste, solid biomass and biogas.

A new reporting system leads to break in series between 2002 and 2003 and again between 2006 and 2007. Many main activity CHP plants that burn combustible renewables and waste were reclassified as electricity only and a new time series under autoproducer electricity plants was introduced in 2007. The German administration is undertaking the reconciliation of historical data. The share of electrical capacity from combustible fuels attributed to industrial waste was assumed equal to the proportion of electricity generated from industrial to the amount generated from all combustible fuels and was used to estimate the capacity of industrial waste plants in 2007 by the IEA Secretariat.

Greece No heat production of solar heat is reported although it exists. Data on industrial waste are available from 1992. New information on solid biomass is available from 1996. The Greek administration is investigating the reporting methods of geothermal and solar thermal data. Industrial waste used in autoproducer CHP plants decreased a lot in 2006 because a plant closed.

Hungary Electricity and heat production from solid biomass autoproducer CHP plants is available from 1995. Geothermal heat production from main activity producer heat plants is also available from 1995. From 1995, a better allocation of solid biomass used in autoproducer CHP plants and specific industry sectors is available. The Hungarian administration reclassified some of their plants in 1996 and 2000 which may lead to breaks in time series. Data for wind and solar thermal are available from 2001. Industrial waste data are available from 2003. Data for biogas are available from 2000. Biodiesel production are available from 2007. For the 2009 edition, the Hungarian administration revised the data on the consumption of solid biomass INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xx - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

in the residential sector from 1991 – 2001 based on updated information.

Iceland

Japan Electricity and heat produced in CHP plants are not included in the data series.

Electricity production from geothermal sources in CHP plants is available from 1992.

Heat produced and sold from geothermal and solar thermal sources is not reported in the transformation sector.

Heat production from municipal waste is available from 1993.

Inputs to charcoal production are estimated by the IEA Secretariat assuming efficiency of 40%.

In 1998, 60 MW of generating capacity was installed in a single geothermal CHP plant. Since the plant was inoperable for four months, production of geothermal heat decreased compared to 1997. The extra electricity capacity caused electricity production from geothermal to almost double over the same period.

Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic and wind in autoproducer electricity plants is understated as it only covers generation from plants with capacity of 1000kW or more.

In 2002, the increase of heat produced by geothermal was due to the installation of a third unit at the Nesjavellir CHP power plant. In 2007, the Icelandic administration decided not to estimate the allocation of geothermal consumption amongst the sub-sectors of the industry sector as they had done from 1999 – 2006 and instead reported all industry consumption under not-elsewhere specified. The increase in hydro and geothermal electricity production and capacity in 2007 is due to the expansion of the aluminium industry.

Ireland Electricity production from wind begins in 1992. From 1993 to 1995, end-use consumption of gas from biomass is included in the transformation sector.

Italy Up to 2003 solid biomass capacity includes industrial waste capacity. Heat produced for sale (distributed heat) is not available and hence not officially reported to the IEA until 2004. From 2000 onwards, the Italian administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However, for the 2000 to 2002 period all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Prior to 1998, the electricity produced using TRT technology (Top pressure Recovery Turbines) was included with electricity generated from wood, wood waste and other solid waste. National surveys which gathered data on the production of electricity from solar photovoltaic were suspended from 1998 to 2004. The Japanese administration used the data reported in 1997 and assumed stable production in order to estimate the data for 1998 to 2004. A break in time series occurs in 2005 when the survey was restarted and updated production figures were available. From 2005 to 2007, the electricity produced in main activity electricity plants from solar photovoltaic decreased because plants were out of operation due to maintenance. For the 2009 edition, the Japanese administration revised the time series for landfill gas and reported amounts that were blended with natural gas in the transformation sector from 1990 -1998. Data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 2007 to March 2008 for 2007). As a result, some data are not yet available for 2007, such as heat sold, solar thermal, and biogases, and are estimated as equal to 2006.

Korea Data on pumped storage in electricity plants are available from 1991. For heat production and a part of electricity production for 1990 to 2004 estimates were made by the IEA Secretariat. The Korean administration is undertaking a study to improve its energy statistics reporting. As a part of this effort autoproducers electricity production data

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxi

and heat production data were revised for the years 2000 and 2001, municipal waste and primary solid biomass data were revised for the year 2001, and biogas data were revised for the years 2000 and 2001. Prior to 2007, the consumption of landfill gas in main activity CHP plants may have been included in main activity heat plants. Difficulties in ownership classification are also the reason landfill gas data only appears one time in the commercial and public services sector in 2006.

Luxembourg A majority of the hydro production shown is from the Vianden pumped storage plant and is exported directly to Germany. Data on solid biomass are available from 1992. Data for solar thermal are available starting in 1999. Electricity and heat production from biomass gas are available from 1999.

Mexico Electricity production from wind is available from 1994. Data on electricity production from solid biomass and gas from biomass are available from 1998. Direct use of solar thermal and electricity production from solar PV is available from 1990. CRE (Comisión Reguladora de Energia) publishes data for electricity generation by autoproducers since 1998.

Netherlands All electricity and heat produced from combustible renewables and waste is included in CHP plants for the years 1990-1994. From 1995 onwards the electricity and heat produced is broken down into Electricity only, CHP and Heat only.

For 2006 and 2007, only consumption data for biogasoline submitted by the Dutch administration. Production and imports were estimated by the IEA Secretariat as equal shares.

New Zealand The series reported as industrial waste in previous editions represents industrial waste heat. The portion used to generate autoproducer electricity was correctly reported but the amounts consumed in the chemical industry should not have been included in production and consumption as well. From 1994, data refer to calendar year, which results in a break in series between 1993 and 1994. Electricity production by autoproducers from geothermal is available from 1995. In 1999, a reclassification of autoproducer plants leads to breaks in the time series. Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1990 and on direct use of solar thermal heat is available from 2002. The New Zealand administration updated efficiencies for electricity production from geothermal heat from 10% to 15% in 2000; this causes a break in the time series between 1999 and 2000.

Norway Data for industrial waste and biogas are available from 1991. Electricity production from wind is available from 1992. Heat production from biogas is available from 1995. Breaks in series between 1996 and 1997 are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. All data for biodiesel are confidential until 2005. Only import data are available after 2005.

Poland

In 2006 some plants changed ownership and classification from electricity only to CHP as they started heat projects. This has an impact on the balance of municipal waste and landfill gas.

Data for biogas refer only to the gas from fermentation of biomass.

Biodiesel imports data for 2006 and 2007 are net imports which include exports and stock changes.

Data for industrial waste includes gaseous industrial waste. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Due to changes in data availability, there is a large increase in solid biomass between 1992 and 1993. The Polish administration adopted new methodologies to estimate the production of heat sold in heat plants (1993) and in CHP plants (1995). This causes breaks in series for years from 1992 to 1995 for heat production and fuel inputs in these plants In the 2005 edition, biogas electricity production by main activity producers was reclassified as autoproducer production from 1995 to 2003. Changes in the data collection process lead to breaks between 1996 and 1997. Before 2000, industrial waste was used interchangeably with light fuel oil in some plants, which might result in breaks in the time series. Data on direct use of geothermal became available in 2000. Data on direct use of solar thermal became available in 2002. Data on liquid biomass is available starting in 2003. Industrial waste and solid biomass are co-fired with other fuels for electricity production. For plants where multiple fuels are used to for electricity production, capacities are reported under the dominate fuel.

Portugal Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1994. Data are available from 1994 for biogas, from 1999 for municipal waste and from 2003 for industrial waste. Solid biomass consumption in the residential sector includes the non-commercial part of solid biomass consumed in households.

based on direct submissions from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and the Power Research Institute (EGU) of Bratislava. Prior to 2001, the data reported as industrial waste includes biogases and municipal wastes.

Spain Solar and geothermal data are available from 1994. The Spanish administration verifies that production and consumption of industrial waste do exist but data are not available starting in 2001. New reporting systems were implemented in 2000 and again in 2006 which resulted in a reclassification of many plants from main activity to autoproducer and vice versa. This leads to breaks in the time series for the transformation sector and final consumption sectors between 1999 and 2000 and again between 2005 and 2006. In 2006, it was discovered that some autoproducer electricity plants using biogases were actually autoproducer CHP plants. Therefore, prior to 2006, inputs of biogas used to generate process heat were erroneously included as inputs to the transformation sector when they should have been reported in the appropriate industry in the final consumption. In the 2009 edition, heat production from 1990 – 1999 was revised to zero because heat produced from combustible renewables and wastes is not sold in Spain.

Electricity production from solar thermal plants is available from 2007.

Sweden Heat production from solid biomass in autoproducer CHP includes waste heat and chemical heat. Heat produced for sale in heat pumps is reported from 1992.

Slovak Republic The Slovak Republic became a separate state in 1993 and harmonised its statistics to EU standards in 2000. These two facts lead to several breaks in time series between 1992 and 1993, and between 2000 and 2001. Until 2000, electricity statistics have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat. From 1993, IEA estimates are INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Data for biogas also begins in 1992. Before 1992, it is included in solid biomass. Prior to 2007, municipal waste was reported as 60% non-renewable and 40% renewable. In 2007, reanalysis of the waste revealed the content was 40% nonrenewable and 60% renewable. This results in break in the time series between 2006 and 2007 for both renewable and non-renewable municipal waste.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxiii

Switzerland Geothermal direct use is overstated as it refers to heat production by geothermal heat pumps, which include inputs from electricity and/or gas in the transformation process. Electricity production from wind and pumped storage by autoproducers is available from 1996. The autoproducer heat plant that produced heat for sale was closed in 2006.

Turkey The Turkish administration surveys renewables and waste used for power and heat intermittently. Due to this fact some breaks may appear in the combustible renewables and waste series. In 1995, the Turkish administration reclassified autoproducer plants by type and source to be consistent with IEA definitions. This causes breaks between 1994 and 1995 for electricity production. Electricity production from wind is available starting in 1998. Prior to 1998, consumption in the wood and wood products sector includes that of the paper, pulp and printing industry. The accuracy of data on inputs for industrial waste is compromised by ongoing data collection problems.

United Kingdom Prior to 2001, some of the industrial waste was reported with other oil products. Final consumption of industrial waste in commercial/public services includes hospital waste, which should be shown under municipal waste. Efficiency of electricity production from industrial waste is increasing in 2005 and 2006 due to increased capturing and reusing of waste heat to generate electricity.

United States The Energy Information Administration collects generation and consumption data from all plants 1 MW or more in capacity. Capacity is net summer capacity. Heat production from solid biomass became available in 1991. Data on industrial waste and gas from biomass for 1990 and 1991 were estimated by IEA Secretariat. Data on liquid biomass became available in 1993. Solar thermal electricity production was overstated for the years prior to 1999 because it included electricity production from natural gas occurring in solar thermal power plants. The US introduced a new methodology for data from 1999. From 1999, independent power producers are included in main activity producers, leading to breaks in series between 1998 and 1999. In addition, all heat produced by autoproducers is included in final consumption from 1999 on because the US administration cannot distinguish between the heat used directly onsite and the heat sold. Prior to 2006 gross heat production in CHP plants was consistently assumed to be 80 percent efficient and all other losses at the plant were allocated to production of electric power. In 2006, the EIA revised their methodologies for allocating shares of gross energy output to electricity and heat in CHP plants and the new method proportionately distributes a CHP plant’s losses between the heat and electricity assuming equal efficiency. The EIA acknowledges that exports of biodiesel do exist, however reporting procedures are not in place to collect such statistics yet. Solar PV capacity was estimated by the Energy Information Administration for 2003 to 2007. These estimates include on-grid connected and off-grid installations. Solar PV electricity production is reported only for grid-connected installations.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxv

4. CONVERSION FACTORS General conversion factors for energy To: From: TJ

TJ 1

Gcal Mtoe MBtu

Mtoe multiply by:

MBtu

GWh

238.8

2.388 x 10-5 10-7 1

947.8

0.2778

4.1868 x

10-3

1

4.1868 x

104

107

1.0551 x 10-3 3.6

GWh

Gcal

2.52 x 10-8 8.6 x 10-5

0.252 860

1.163 x 10-3 11630

3.968 3.968 x 10 1

7

2.931 x 10-4 1

3412

Conversion factors for mass To: From: kilogramme (kg) tonne (t) long ton (lt) short ton (st) pound (lb)

kg

t

lt multiply by:

st

lb

1 1000 1016 907.2 0.454

0.001 1 1.016 0.9072 4.54 x 10-4

9.84 x 10-4 0.984 1 0.893 4.46 x 10-4

1.102 x 10-3 1.1023 1.120 1 5.0 x 10-4

2.2046 2204.6 2240.0 2000.0 1

Conversion factors for volume To: From: U.S. gallon (gal) U.K. gallon (gal) Barrel (bbl) Cubic foot (ft3) Litre (l) Cubic metre (m3)

gal U.S.

gal U.K.

1 1.201 42.0 7.48 0.2642 264.2

0.8327 1 34.97 6.229 0.220 220.0

bbl ft3 multiply by: 0.02381 0.1337 0.02859 0.1605 1 5.615 0.1781 1 0.0063 0.0353 6.289 35.3147

l

m3

3.785 4.546 159.0 28.3 1 1000.0

0.0038 0.0045 0.159 0.0283 0.001 1

Decimal prefixes 101

deca (da)

102

hecto (h)

103

kilo (k) mega (M)

10-3

106

10-6

milli (m) micro (µ)

109

giga (G)

10-9

nano (n)

tera (T) peta (P)

10-12

pico (p) femto (f)

1012 1015 1018

exa (E)

10-1 10-2

10-15 10-18

deci (d) centi (c)

atto (a)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 1

PART I RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 3

DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD An IEA fact sheet In 2007, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) was 12026 Mtoe, of which 12.4%, or 1492 Mtoe, was produced from renewable energy sources. The shares of other energy sources were as follows: 34% oil, 26.4% coal, 20.9% natural gas and 5.9% nuclear energy. By IEA definition, renewable energy sources include renewable combustibles and waste (solid biomass, charcoal, renewable municipal waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass), hydro, solar, wind and tide energy. Non-renewable waste sources (nonrenewable industrial waste or non-renewable municipal waste) are not included in renewables.

TPES, or 73% of global renewables supply. The second largest source is hydro power, which provides 2.2% of world TPES, or 17.7% of renewables. Geothermal is the third largest renewable source and is much smaller, representing 0.4% of world TPES, or 3.3% of renewables supply in the world. The contribution of “new” renewables (solar, wind and tide) to energy supply is still very marginal, representing approximately 0.2% of world TPES, or 1.6% of renewables supply. Figure 2: 2007 product shares in world renewable energy supply

Liquid biomass 2.4% Wind 1.0%

Figure 1: 2007 fuel shares in world total primary energy supply

Natural gas 20.9%

Hydro 17.7%

Solar, tide 0.6%

Non-renew . w aste 0.2% Nuclear

Geothermal 3.3%

5.9%

Renew able combustibles and w aste 77.3%

Solid biomass/ charcoal 72.9%

Renew able MW 0.9%

Gas from biomass 1.1%

Hydro 2.2% Renew able Renew ables combustibles 12.4% and w aste 9.6%

Oil 34%

Coal 26.4%

*Other 0.6%

* Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide. Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

Due to its widespread non-commercial use in developing countries, solid biomass is by far the largest renewable energy source, representing 9.3% of world

Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at an average annual rate of 1.7%, which is slightly less than the growth rate of world TPES of 1.9% per annum. Growth has been especially high for wind power, which grew at an average annual rate of 25%. However this is due to its very low base in 1990 and the production still remains small. OECD countries account for most of the production and growth of solar and wind energy. The second highest growth rate was experienced by renewable municipal waste, biogas and liquid biomass. This segment grew on average INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

4 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

at 10.4% annually since 1990, yet primary solid biomass, which is the largest contributor to renewable energy in the world, has experienced the slowest growth among the renewable energy sources, with growth rate of 1.2% per annum. Non-OECD countries account for most of the production of solid biomass but its growth is comparable for OECD and nonOECD countries. Solar photovoltaics and solar thermal experienced a 9.8% annual growth rate. The average annual growth rate of hydro power in non-OECD countries, 3.7% between 1990 and 2007, was larger than in OECD countries, which was only 0.4%. Growth was particularly strong in Vietnam (10.6%), China (8.2%), and India (3.3%) in the Asia region, in Brazil (3.5%), Argentina (3.2%), and Peru (3.7%) in the Latin American region, and in Mozambique (26.8%) and Angola (9.1%) in the African region. Figure 3: Annual growth rates of world renewables supply from 1990 to 2007 30% 25.0%

25% 20% 15% 9.8%

Figure 4: 2007 regional shares in renewables supply Biomass Former USSR 0.8%

Non-OECD Europe 0.6%

Hydro **

Middle East 0.1% OECD 14.1%

China 17.3%

Africa 27.1%

China 15.8%

Non-OECD Former Europe USSR 1.4% 8.0%

Middle East OECD 0.7% 40.9%

Asia 8.3% Asia 30.9%

Latin America 9.1%

Latin America 21.7%

Africa 3.1%

* Asia excludes China ** Excludes pump storage generation

Because of their heavy non-commercial use of biomass, non-OECD countries remain the principal renewables users, accounting for 76% of world total renewables supply. On the other hand, while OECD countries supply only 24% of world renewables, they constitute 45.7% of the world TPES. Consequently, in OECD countries the share of renewables in total energy supply is only 6.5%. This share is 18.3% for nonOECD countries. However the OECD countries play a major role when looking at “new” renewables, with supply of 68.8% of world energy from wind, solar and tide in 2007.

10.4%

10% 5%

Figure 5: 2007 regional renewables supply shares 1.9%

1.7%

1.2%

2.1%

2.2%

60%

0% TPES Renew ables Solid biomass

Hydro

Geothermal Solar

Renew . Wind MW/biogas/liquid biomass

48.3%

50% 40%

30.5%

The hydro electricity generation of non-OECD countries started to exceed that of OECD countries in the year 2001. In 2007, the share of non-OECD countries reached 59.1% and is expected the further increase as most of the remaining hydro potential resides in these countries. The biggest share of solid biomass, 85.9%, is produced and consumed in non-OECD countries, where developing countries, situated mainly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, use non-commercial biomass for residential cooking and heating. Africa, which accounts for only 5.2% of the world’s total TPES in 2007, produced 26.2% of the world’s solid biomass supply. Energy diversification and a more efficient use of solid biomass are expected to provide mitigation opportunities to sustainability issues regarding the use of biomass in some non-OECD regions. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

30%

27.2%

20% 10%

12.3% 6.5%

9.6% 3.0%

0.7%

0% OECD Total

Africa

Latin America

Asia

China

Former USSR

NonOECD Europe

Middle East

While more than half of the renewable primary energy supply in OECD countries is used in the transformation sector to generate electricity, on a global level a big part of renewables is consumed in the residential, commercial and public services sectors. Again, this is a consequence of widespread biomass use in the residential sector of developing countries. In fact, only 24.4% of renewables are used for electricity production worldwide, while 52.3% are used in residential, commercial and public sectors.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 5

Figure 6: 2007 world sectoral consumption of renewables Other sectors 4.8%

Figure 7: Fuel shares in world electricity production in 2007 Gas 20.9%

Electricity plants 24.4%

Oil 5.7%

Residential/ commercial and public sectors 52.3%

Despite this fact, renewables are the third largest contributor to global electricity production. They accounted for 17.9% of world generation in 2007, after coal (41.6%) and slightly behind gas (20.9%) but ahead of nuclear (13.8%) and oil (5.7%). In the transformation sector, hydro supplies the vast majority of renewable energy, generating 15.6% of world electricity, and 87% of total renewable electricity. Combustible renewables and waste, including solid biomass, play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying 1.1% of world electricity. Although growing rapidly, geothermal, solar and wind energies accounted for only 1.2% of world electricity production in 2007. Renewable electricity generation grew worldwide since 1990 on average by 2.6% per annum, which is less than total electricity generation with average rate of 3.1%. While 19.5% of global electricity in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this share fell to 17.9% in 2007. This decrease is mainly the result of slow growth of the main renewable source, hydro power, in OECD countries, which produces about 36% of global renewable electricity.

Non-renew . w stes 0.2%

Renew ables 17.9%

Other transformation and energy sectors 6.2% Industry sector 12.3%

Nuclear 13.8%

Hydro 15.6%

Renew able combustibles and w astes 1.1% *Other 1.2%

Coal 41.6%

* Other: geothermal, wind, solar, tide.

Since 1990 renewable electricity grew at annual average rate of only 1.3% in OECD countries, while it grew at 3.9% in non-OECD countries. While renewable electricity in non-OECD regions has been growing at a slightly lower rate than total electricity generation (3.9% versus 4.6%), growth of renewable electricity in OECD countries was relatively lower than total electricity generation growth (1.3% versus 2%). Since 1995, electricity growth has been higher in non-OECD countries, which include developing economies in Asia and Africa. Population growth is much higher in developing countries than in OECD countries and as income increases, people switch from fuel wood and charcoal to kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases for cooking, and have better access to electricity through electrification programmes. As a consequence, future electricity growth, including renewable electricity growth, is expected to remain higher in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 7

DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES Primary energy supply Summary: 1990 - 2007 In OECD countries, total primary energy supply (TPES) from renewable sources increased from 262 Mtoe to 358 Mtoe between 1990 and 2007, yielding an average annual growth of 1.9%. In 2007, renewables contributed 6.5% of total primary energy supply in the OECD, which is only slightly higher than its 1990 share of 5.8% but this share has an increasing trend in recent years.

The largest proportion of renewable primary energy supply in the OECD comes from combustible renewables and waste. They account for 56.6% of renewable supply. Of these combustible renewables, solid biomass, including wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, is the largest with a 42.9% share. The second largest renewable source is hydro power, providing 30.2% of renewable primary energy. With an 8.5% share, geothermal energy is the third largest renewable source. Figure 2: 2007 product shares in OECD renewable energy supply

Figure 1: 2007 fuel shares in OECD total primary energy supply

Natural gas 22.9%

Renew able combustibles and w aste 56.6%

Hydro 30.2%

Non-renew . w aste 0.3%

Renew able mun. Liquid biomass w aste 3.6% 7.0%

Wind 3.6%

Nuclear 10.8%

Solid biomass/ charcoal 42.9%

Hydro 2.0%

Oil 38.4%

Renew ables Renew able combustibles 6.5% and w aste 3.7%

Solar, Tide 1.1%

Gas from biomass 3.1%

Geothermal 8.5%

*Other 0.9% Coal 21.1%

* Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

The growth of renewable energy production is higher than the growth of TPES for conventional energy sources in the OECD countries.

Solid biomass, hydro and geothermal supply around 81.6% of total primary renewable energy in the OECD and the average annual growth rate of them combined have been 0.8% since 1990. This is relatively lower than an average annual growth rate of 1.2% for TPES in the OECD region over the same time period. Notable is the slow growth of hydro power, with the average annual growth rate of 0.4%, which is significantly below the growth rate of TPES in the long term. Because hydroelectric capacity is INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

8 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Figure 3: Annual growth rates of OECD renewable supply from 1990 to 2007 30% 24.0%

25% 20% 15%

12.9%

10% 5.9% 5% 1.2%

1.9%

1.2%

0.7%

0.4%

0% TPES Renewables Solid Geothermal Hydro Renew. Solar biomass MSW/biogas/liquid biomass

Wind

However, despite these growth rates, the contribution of wind, solar, tide, gas from biomass, renewable municipal waste and liquid biomass to total energy supply is still minor. Indeed, these renewables sources combined still represent only 1.2% of total primary energy supply and only around 18.4% of renewable primary energy supply in 2007. Nevertheless, it should be noted that this share increased from approximately 3% of total renewables in 1990. The United States is the largest producer of solid biomass, providing 37.6% of the total solid biomass supply in the OECD in 2007. Other major solid biomass producers include Germany, France, Canada, and Sweden. The largest hydro power producer is Canada, followed by the United States and Norway. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Figure 4: OECD renewable primary energy supply, by product

400 350 300

Mtoe

250 200

Renew MW, biogas, liquid biomass

Ļ

Solar/w ind/tide

Ļ Geothermal Hydro

150 100 50

Solid biomass/ charcoal

0 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

mature in most OECD member states, it is increasingly difficult to locate suitable environmentally acceptable sites to expand this energy form. Therefore, little new growth is to be expected for this sector. Geothermal energy production is also characterized by a very low average annual growth rate, 0.7%, which is mainly due to the increased efficiency of geothermal electricity plants in the United States after 2001, which is the biggest producer of geothermal electricity. However, excluding the United States the average annual growth rate is 3.1%. Within the combustible renewables and waste category, renewable municipal waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass combined have grown much more rapidly than solid biomass, with an average annual growth rate of 12.9%. Solar energy (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) grew at an average annual rate of 5.9%. Growth of solar photovoltaic and wind were particularly strong at 36.8% and 24% per annum respectively since 1990. Growth for liquid biomass averaged 63.2% over the 1993 to 2007 period (1993 being the first year the United States reported liquid biomass).

These three countries combined supply 59.8% of total hydro power in the OECD in 2007. The main producer of geothermal energy is the United States, with a share of 28.9% in 2007. Other big producers are Mexico, Italy, Iceland, Japan and New Zealand. The biggest share of renewable municipal waste, 30.9%, is produced in the United States, with other big suppliers being Germany, France, Denmark, Italy and Japan. Among OECD countries the United States is also the biggest producer of liquid biomass (59.1%) and gas from biomass (39.7%). Other substantial producers of biogas are Germany and the United Kingdom. Along with the United States, Germany also produces liquid biomass on a large scale. Those two countries alone account for 79.8% of total liquid biomass supply in the OECD in 2007. Solar thermal energy is mainly concentrated in the United States, Japan, Turkey, Germany and Greece while reported solar photovoltaic production is predominant in Germany, Spain, and Korea. Japan and the United States are also large producers, however their reported figures are only partial (see pages 12 and 15 for discussion). Large wind power producing countries are Germany, the United States, Spain, Denmark, and the United Kingdom which supply 76.4% of OECD wind production. The largest OECD producer of renewable energy is the United States, contributing 31% of renewable energy supply. The United States is followed by Canada, which provides 12.2% of renewable production in the OECD. The two countries are also the largest producers of energy from hydro and solid biomass. The United States and Canada produce 4.7% and 16.2% respectively of their total primary energy supply from renewable sources, while this share for the OECD is 6.5%. Countries with the highest share of

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 9

Figure 6: OECD sectoral consumption of renewables

renewables in their total energy supply in 2006 were Iceland (80.7%), Norway (47.8%), New Zealand (32.6%) and Sweden (30.3%). Among the different OECD regions, OECD Europe has the highest share of primary energy supply from renewable sources, with 8.6%. It is also the only OECD area that has experienced an increase (from 5.7%) in its renewable share since 1990. Both OECD North America and OECD Pacific experienced a decline in the share of renewable primary energy supply from 6.4% to 6.1% and from 4.1% to 3.4% respectively. The increase of the renewable share in OECD Europe is the result of the implementation of strong supporting policies for renewable energy in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Figure 5: OECD regional shares in renewable energy supply

Share of renewable energy (%)

9 8 7 6

1990 Resid., comm.& public 15.6%

Industry 13.1%

2007 Resid., comm.& public 17.4%

Other 6.0%

Industry 18.6%

Electr. plants 52.6%

Other trans./ energy 12.8%

Other 7.2%

Other trans./ energy 7.3%

Electr. plants 49.5%

Electricity production Summary: 1990 - 2007 OECD gross electricity production from renewable products (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1 310 TWh to 1 636 TWh between 1990 and 2007, 15.4% of total electricity was generated from renewable sources, most of which, 11.8% of total generation, comes from hydro plants.

5 4

Figure 7: Renewable shares in OECD electricity production in 2007

3 2 1 0 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

Nuclear 21.3%

OECD Total OECD Pacific

OECD North America OECD Europe

Although renewable primary energy supply has been able to keep pace with the growth of traditional fuels, the share of renewable energy in the electricity transformation sector has not. In 1990, 52.6% of renewable energy was used for electricity generation, but this share had decreased to 49.5% in 2007 – although total electricity generation in the OECD grew at a rate of 2.0% annually. The majority of the growth of renewable energy has taken place in the final consumption sectors, such as the residential, commercial and industry sectors. In 2007, almost half of renewable primary energy was used for purposes other than generating electricity. This trend is underpinned by the strong presence of solid biomass, which is traditionally used in the final consumption sector, as well as the low growth of hydro power in the OECD region, which further disadvantages electricity generation compared to other sectors.

Gas 21.7%

Non-renew . w astes 0.3%

Renew ables 15.4%

Oil 4.1%

Hydro 11.8%

Renew able combustibles and w aste 1.7%

*Other 1.8%

Coal 37.2%

* Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide

Since 1990, renewable electricity generation has been growing at an average annual rate of 1.3%, which is lower than the rate of 2.0% for total electricity generation. To some extent, the low growth rate of renewable electricity is affected by the drop in hydro power output in recent years due to abnormally low precipitation in some OECD countries. Nevertheless, renewable electricity production has not been able to keep pace with the growth of total electricity production. In 1990, 17.3% of total electricity was produced from renewable sources, but this share had decreased to

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10 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

15.4% by 2007, largely due to stagnant growth in the hydro power sector. While hydro electricity generated 15.4% of total OECD electricity in 1990, this share decreased to 11.8% in 2007. Hydro power has reached its capacity limit in most OECD countries. As a result, hydroelectric capacity expansion has been more or less stagnant for the past decade. In addition, hydro power is dependent on climatic conditions, and lower precipitation levels in major hydro power producing countries, such as the United States and Japan, has caused a decline in total OECD hydroelectric production in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

to 3.6% in 2007. The increase is mainly due to OECD Europe, where implementation of strong renewables stimulation policies by European Union member countries encouraged the growth of non-hydro renewable production. Policy initiatives such as feed-in tariffs and tax incentives have made electricity generation from renewable sources marketable in many countries. However, OECD total went down in their overall renewables share of electricity production between 1990 and 2007 as OECD North America and OECD Pacific experienced decreases. Figure 9: OECD regional shares in renewable electricity production from 1990 to 2007

Figure 8: OECD electricity production from 1990 to 2007 by product Share of renewable electricity

4500 4000 3500 TWh

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

0

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

Hydro

Other renewables

The decline in the share of renewable electricity was especially pronounced in the emerging economies of the OECD, such as Korea, Mexico and Turkey. These countries have experienced extremely high consumption growth in the past decade, and generation has in some cases more than doubled since 1990. Due to high capacity installation costs and resource unavailability (e.g. hydro), rising demand is generally met by increasing electricity production from traditional fossil fuels rather than renewable sources. Turkey for example, which has always had a high share of renewable energy because of its large hydro power production, increased its total electricity generation from 57.5 TWh to 191.6 TWh between 1990 and 2007. Over the same period, renewable electricity production increased from 23.2 TWh to 36.5 TWh, causing the share of renewables in total electricity to fall from 40.4% to 19.0%. The decline in the share of renewable electricity is also substantial in Luxembourg. The opening of a gas-fired plant in 2002 caused electricity generation to jump from 0.5 TWh to 2.8 TWh, resulting in a big decrease in the renewables share from 13.3% in 1990 to 8.0% in 2007. Although very small, the share of renewable electricity (excluding hydro power) grew from 1.8% in 1990 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

OECD Total OECD Pacific

OECD North America OECD Europe

As a consequence of its higher growth rate, OECD Europe supplied 43.2% of total OECD renewable electricity production in 2007, up from the level of 35.4% in 1990. On the other hand, both OECD North America and OECD Pacific decreased their share between 1990 and 2007 from 53.3% to 47.6% and from 11.3% to 9.2% of OECD production respectively. The following more detailed analysis of individual renewable and waste energy sources and their development in the electricity market provides further insights.

Hydro As mentioned above, hydro power has reached its potential capacity limit in most OECD countries. Between 1990 and 2007, electricity generated from hydro plants (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1169.9 TWh to 1258.5 TWh in the OECD, yielding an average annual increase of 0.4%. However, while in 1990 89.3% of electricity produced from renewable sources came from hydro plants, this share decreased to 76.9% in 2007 due to the rapid growth of electricity generation from other renewable sources. In 2007, the largest hydro power generating countries were Canada (368 TWh), the United States (250 TWh) and Norway (134 TWh). Other big hydro power producers are Japan, Sweden and France.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 11

Wind In 2007, wind turbines produced 9.1% of renewable electricity in the OECD. Among OECD regions, wind electricity production was the highest in OECD Europe, with 70.3% of the total OECD production in 2007. For the first time in 2006, more electricity was generated from wind than solid biomass. Between 1990 and 2007, wind power increased from 3.8 TWh to 149.7 TWh, achieving an average annual growth rate of 24%. This is the second fastest growth rate after solar photovoltaic. Most of the growth occurred in OECD Europe, where wind energy is heavily subsidised by national governments. As a consequence, wind grew at 33.5% per annum in OECD Europe. The highest growth rate is in Portugal, with 63% per year between 1990 and 2007, from 1 GWh to 4037 GWh. In absolute terms, Germany, the United States and Spain are the largest producers of electricity from wind. They now produce 39.7 TWh, 34.6 TWh and 27.5 TWh respectively.

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Geothermal Similarly to hydro power, geothermal electricity production has not experienced significant growth between 1990 and 2007. It grew at an average annual rate of 2.0%, from 28.7 TWh to 40.2 TWh. Generation remained almost static in OECD North America over the period 1990 to 2007, although the region remains the largest geothermal electricity producer, with a 60.2% share in 2007. The United States is the largest producer with 41.8% of the OECD total in 2007. Production in the United States was 16.8 TWh in 2007, slightly increased from 16 TWh in 1990. The second largest producer is Mexico, reported 7.4 TWh in 2007. With an output of 5.6 TWh, Italy was the third largest producer in the OECD and the largest producer in OECD Europe. Other major producers were Iceland (3.6 TWh), New Zealand (3.5 TWh) and Japan (3 TWh). The highest growth rate of geothermal electricity generation was achieved in Portugal, where production increased by 25.9% annually from 4 GWh to 201 GWh between 1990 and 2007. There are still only a few OECD countries that use geothermal energy for electricity generation and even in the countries with geothermal potential there are only a few development schemes therefore the growth projected for the next few years is small.

Renewable municipal waste

19 9 19 0 91 19 9 19 2 9 19 3 94 19 9 19 5 9 19 6 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 0 20 1 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

TWh

Figure 10: Wind electricity production in four main producing OECD countries

biomass electricity is produced in most of OECD member countries.

Denmark Spain

Germany United States

Solid biomass Electricity generation from solid biomass grew from 93.1 TWh to 122.2 TWh between 1990 and 2007, yielding a 1.6% average annual growth. As the third largest renewable electricity source after hydropower and wind, solid biomass accounted for 7.5% of renewable electricity generation in 2007. The United States accounted for 34.4% of electricity generated from solid biomass (42 TWh), where it makes up 11.6% of the country’s renewable electricity production. The second largest producer of electricity from solid biomass is Japan (15.8 TWh), where it represents 15.9% of the country’s renewable electricity supply. Other big producers are Germany (10.4 TWh), Finland (9.6 TWh), and Sweden (8.5 TWh). Solid

Renewable municipal waste represented 1.7% of renewable electricity generation in 2007 in OECD countries. However, it should be noted that data are sometimes estimates rather than observations because the energy classification systems of some countries do not report the separation of renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. In 2007, 28.6 TWh of electricity were produced from renewable waste in the OECD. By far the largest producer of electricity from renewable municipal waste was the United States, generating 9.6 TWh, or 33.5% of OECD production. The second largest producer was Germany, with a production of 4.1 TWh. With 3.4 TWh, Japan was the third largest producer. The remaining electricity production from renewable municipal waste was spread among smaller producers in OECD Europe. Italy and Denmark experienced the highest growth rates, increasing their production from INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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37 GWh to 1512 GWh (at 24.4% per annum) and from 44 GWh to 1367 GWh (at 22.4% per annum) respectively between 1990 and 2007.

Gas from biomass Electricity production from biogas grew from an estimated 3.6 TWh in 1990 to 28.5 TWh in 2007. A large proportion of production took place in OECD Europe (65.8% in 2007). With 8.5 TWh, Germany became the largest producer of electricity from biogas in the OECD (29.9%) for the first time in 2007, moving past the United States who produced 7.4 TWh, or 26.2%, of biogas electricity in 2007. The United Kingdom also constitutes a substantial share at of OECD biogas electricity production at 18.2% (5.1 TWh in 2007). The growth rate since 1990 in the United States has been much slower than that of many European Union countries. Most of the growth in the biogas segment took place in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and continued strong growth is expected for the near future.

Solar photovoltaic Solar photovoltaic experienced the highest growth rate during 1990 and 2007 period. While being small in absolute terms, it increased from 19 GWh in 1990 to 3920 GWh in 2007, achieving a 36.8% annual growth rate. Growth was the strongest in the countries of the European Union. Germany, with its high feedin tariffs for solar photovoltaic electricity generation, achieved 60.4%, the highest average annual growth rate (increasing production from 1 GWh in 1990 to 3075 GWh in 2007). Solar photovoltaic output is very difficult to capture due to the widespread use of off-grid and small gridconnected systems for distributed power generation. For that reason, solar photovoltaic output statistics should be considered incomplete. Information on solar capacity provides more reliable statistics on this product, especially for European Union countries (see Table 2 “Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Products” in Part III for regional OECD aggregates or specific countries). For Japan and the USA, the net generating capacities of solar photovoltaic presented in this book provide a reasonable representation of solar photovoltaic contribution to the overall generating capacity. However, the reported solar photovoltaic electricity generation figures are only partial. Japan reports only generation from plants with capacity of 1000kW or more, while the USA limits its electricity generation reporting to grid-connected installations. The following table INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

provides estimates of the IEA Secretariat for electricity generation based on capacities, assuming utilisation rates of 12% for Japan and 14% for the USA (see page 15 for further discussion in relation to OECD totals). Photovoltaic power generation (GWh) 1995

2000

2006

2007

Japan

46

347

1797

2012

USA

82

170

856

1195

Solar thermal Solar thermal power production experienced explosive growth in the 1980’s and 90’s reaching 887 GWh in 1998, but lulled in the following years. During the period of 1999 through 2006, average annual growth rates for solar thermal were essentially zero, and absolute figures actually deceased from their peak in 1999. Prior to 2007, production took place exclusively in the United States. Due to the recent renewed interest in solar thermal, production in the USA has increased for the first time since 1999 to 673 GWh in 2007. With the opening of a new solar thermal power plant in 2007, Spain became the second OECD country to report electricity production from solar thermal bringing the OECD total to 681 GWh in 2007.

Tide, wave, ocean In 2007, 550 GWh of electricity were generated from tide, wave and ocean motion. The main producer of electricity production from water motion was France, generating 519 GWh in 2007 (with a plant capturing electricity from tidal movements). The second contributor was Canada, producing 31 GWh.

Liquid biomass In 2007, electricity generated from liquid biomass was 3.6 TWh. The largest producer is Germany with 2.9 TWh.

Non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste The data suggest that both industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste have experienced an increase between 1990 and 2007. The increase was minor for the industrial waste but the non-renewable municipal waste almost tripled over the given period. Industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste generated 0.3% of OECD total electricity in 2007.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 13

The electricity generated from non-renewable municipal waste amounted to 24.9 TWh in 2007. It should be noted that this information might be distorted because many countries (including some of the largest municipal waste producers such as Japan) do not report renewable and non-renewable municipal wastes separately.

energy sources in the Electricity Production section suggest, growth of capacity has been strongest in the wind and solar power sectors and these two markets are heavily concentrated. As for wind, the large majority of wind capacity is located in Germany, Spain, Denmark and the United States, with Germany leading with 28.4% of the total capacity in the OECD.

Installed generating capacity

Figure 12: OECD wind capacity 2007

In 2007, OECD countries reported 480.2 GW of installed capacity fuelled by renewable sources (excluding hydro pumped storage and industrial waste, but including non-renewable municipal waste capacity). Approximately 19% of total OECD capacity was accounted for by renewable energy sources.

Germany, 28.4%

Denmark, 4.0%

Figure 11: OECD generating capacity 2007

Combustible Fossil Fuels* 67.9%

United States, 21.1% Hydro Renew ables 14.3% 19%

Nuclear 13.1%

Other, 27.3%

Spain, 19.3%

Combustible renew ables and w aste 0.8% Other** 3.8%

* The capacities of plants which co-fire combustible renewables and waste with fossil fuels (e.g. solid biomass that is co-fired with coal) are included under the dominant fuel ** Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide.

The biggest share, 348.5 GW were hydroelectric plants (excluding pumped storage) followed by 78.3 GW from wind, 23.6 GW of solid biomass, 9.6 GW of municipal waste, 7.8 GW of solar photovoltaic, 5.7 GW gas from biomass, 5.4 GW of geothermal, 0.8 GW from industrial waste, 0.6 GW of liquid biomass, 0.5 GW of solar thermal, and 0.3 GW of tide, wave, and ocean power capacity. Pumped storage capacity represented 92.7 GW. As developments in production for the various renewable

Summary: 2007 – 2008E The share of renewables within the OECD total primary energy supply continued its increasing trend as it rose from 6.5% in 2007 to an estimated 6.8% in 2008. This growth is attributed to the increased contribution of renewables for electricity generation and the increase supply of biofuels in OECD countries. Electricity from renewables rose to approximately 1711 TWh in 2008, which represents 16.1% of the total electricity generated, a larger share than the 15.4% in 2007. Electricity from solar photovoltaics, which grew an estimated 85% between 2007 and 2008, and from wind, which increased 25%, were responsible for the increase in electricity from renewable sources. A 26% growth in liquid biomass between 2007 and 2008 drove its share of renewables from 7% to an estimated 8.6% in 2008.

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UNDERSTANDING SOLAR ENERGY STATISTICS The following article, by Ms. Yasmina Abdelilah of the IEA Energy Statistics Division, was written to help readers understand the solar energy statistics presented in Renewables Information and the issues associated with their data collection and measurement.

Introduction Solar energy statistics are used to devise countryspecific policy instruments, monitor the progress of national renewable energy targets, and assess the benefits of new solar projects. Given the impact of such decisions, it is necessary to understand how real-world data are collected and used to describe solar energy. The technologies that harness solar energy and transform it into electricity and heat are often utilised in a manner that makes it difficult to accurately measure and monitor these outputs on a national level. Understanding these challenges is integral to appropriate interpretation and effective use of solar energy statistics.

Background Energy from the sun may be used in a variety of ways. This abundant source of free energy can be used to heat buildings, produce hot water, provide steam for industrial processes, or other end-use applications. It may also be converted to electricity for local use or exported to a network and transmitted to distant loads. The type of technology used to harness solar energy is dependent on the end use of the energy as outlined in Table 1. This could simply be through passive use,

such as maximising the amount of heat that flows through a building for space heating, or an active use whereby the solar energy is transformed into a more usable form like electricity or process heat.

Passive solar technologies Technologies that utilise solar energy in its natural state with no need for any further energy conversion are referred to as passive solar technologies. They often refer to special designs or building materials that take advantage of the sun's position and availability to provide direct heating, cooling and lighting. Architectural considerations which optimise window size to maximise the amount of natural sunlight to illuminate interior spaces are one example of a passive technology.

Active solar technologies Technologies which harness solar radiation and convert the energy into a more refined form such as heat or electricity are called active solar technologies. Typically these technologies are grouped into two broad categories; solar photovoltaics (PV), which convert sunlight directly into electricity and, solar thermal collectors which capture the sun’s radiation to transform into heat.

Solar photovoltaics Solar photovoltaic refers to solar radiation that is converted directly into electricity through photovoltaic cells. Sunlight contains packets of energy called photons. When sunlight strikes a cell, the photons are absorbed by a semi-conducting material, releasing electrons which flow through the material to produce electricity. Electrical connections link a number of cells together and they are encapsulated and framed to form a module. Modules can be wired together and connected in different configurations to match the power INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

16 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Table 1: Solar energy technologies and end-use applications

Description

Size

Energy form of end-use

Natural

Inherent functions of the sun

N/A

Light, heat

Drying clothes from heat, biomass production from photosynthesis

Design

Passive solar technologies

Primary energy source

Maximizing size of windows, building orientation, Trombe walls

N/A

Light, heat

Space heating and cooling, illumination, ventilation

0.1 -1 MW

Electricity

Utility scale power for network distribution

Flat plat collectors (glazed and unglazed)

Low temp. 30Ѕ-80ЅC

Heat

Swimming pool heating, domestic hot water, space heating & cooling, drying

Advanced flat plate & Evacuated tube collectors

Med temp. 80Ѕ-250ЅC

Heat

Industrial processes, e.g. boiling, sterilisation, bleaching, dyeing, distilling, chemical processes

Concentrated solar power collectors

High temp. 280Ѕ-2000ЅC

Electricity

Solar PV Solar thermal

Active solar technologies

Consumer products

Distributed1 – off-grid

Heat

required by different loads. Hence, solar PV systems can range from a few kilowatts (kW) for small applications, such as powering street lights or traffic signals, up to several tens of megawatts (MW) for larger applications, such as utility scale power. Solar PV systems are classified by application and size. Grid-connected centralised systems perform the function of power plants. These are typically large ground-mounted systems located in areas with high solar irradiation whose principal purpose is to produce electricity for distribution through the transmission network. Photovoltaic electricity generated on this scale is produced by systems that start at about 1 MW of capacity and are limited in size only by space constraints. Therefore, they are typically located far from communities where the demand is required. Delivering the electricity efficiently and economically to the customer is considered a challenge of centralised PV systems. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

End-use – application of energy form

Utility scale power for network distribution Industrial processes, e.g. water purification, desalination, absorption cooling, producing hydrogen

In this respect, the modularity of PV systems makes them more suitable for distributed power generation, where the production of electricity occurs close to the point of consumption1. Distributed PV systems are smaller than centralised power plants and are further classified by their function as an off-grid or on-grid system. Off-grid systems are not connected to the electricity network and operate as stand-alone systems. They are suitable for customers located in remote areas far from transmission lines who need electricity for applications such as lighting, telecommunication, signalling, refrigeration, water pumping, irrigation, and other essential electricity services. Offgrid domestic systems are typically around 1 kW in size.

1. Distributed generation is a term loosely applied to decentralised power systems. With regard to photovoltaics, this includes off-grid and small grid-connected systems (Energy Technology Perspectives 2008).

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 17

Grid connected PV systems are integrated on the customer’s premises (e.g. on roof-tops), or can be built into the environment. Potentially, surplus electricity not used by the customer may be fed into the local network helping to meet grid demand and providing financial benefit to the consumer. Similar to off-grid applications, these-grid-connected systems are used for small loads and roof-top systems are typically less than a hundred kilowatts.

Solar thermal Solar thermal energy is harnessed by technologies that collect solar radiation and transform the energy into usable heat, either for directly satisfying heating needs or for producing electricity. The components within a solar thermal system vary from one another depending on the application, but a simplified description separates them into two parts: a collector to capture the sun’s radiation and a conversion system to transform the energy into a useful heat output. Advanced systems have storage and/or a back-up system that uses an alternate fuel. Solar radiation is captured by the collector and then stored as thermal energy in a circulating fluid (e.g. refrigerant/water or antifreeze/air). The heated fluid cools an absorber and then transfers the thermal energy to the second part of the system, where it is converted into a useful heat output and distributed with fans, pumps, and pipes for a variety of end-uses. The temperature required for each end-use dictates the type of collector used to harness the thermal energy. The main collector technologies include unglazed, glazed flat plate, and evacuated tubes. Flat plate collectors are typically used for end-uses with low temperature requirements (20º – 80ºC) such as heating swimming pools or for domestic hot water. Industrial applications with medium temperature requirements (80º – 250ºC) such as sterilization during food processing, evaporation, or melting, employ evacuated tube collectors, but also some advanced flat plate collectors. Electricity generation from solar thermal energy requires high temperatures. Temperatures above 280ºC are required to heat a working fluid into steam to drive a turbine and produce electricity at a generator. Concentrated solar power collectors (CSP) are used to focus the sun’s radiation to achieve the desired temperatures. The main three types of CSP technologies in use for utility scale electricity production are: parabolic troughs (1-100 MW), dish collectors (1-10 MW), and solar power towers (20-200 MW). In

addition to electricity production, high temperature heat from CSP systems can be also used for industrial applications such as water purification, desalination, absorption cooling and even hydrogen production. Solar energy can be harnessed to provide electricity and heat on both small and large scales. Yet this versatility presents somewhat of a challenge for accounting for solar energy in statistics. Passive solar energy, for example, does not appear in energy statistics because defining harmonised methods of data collection would be extremely difficult given there is no practical point of measurement. Therefore, energy statistics tend to focus on the amounts of heat and electricity that are generated from active solar technologies; yet even quantifying those data is not straightforward as discussed in the following sections.

Electricity from solar energy Measuring and monitoring In 2007, OECD countries reported 4.6 TWh of electricity generation from solar energy. Only 15% of that amount was produced from solar thermal technologies. The remaining 85% is attributed to solar photovoltaic technologies, a market that has experienced tremendous growth since 2000. In fact, each year since 2000, the amount of electricity from solar PV has grown more than 50% from the previous year, reaching a reported 3.9 TWh in 2007. However, since electricity produced from solar PV is difficult to monitor on a national level, this figure is likely an underestimation. Photovoltaic electricity is difficult to accurately quantify because there are limited number of places where the electricity can actually be measured. The most reliable points of measurement tend to be associated with centralised power production. Power plants measure electricity because the quantities are sold and network operators must monitor voltage at specific points along the transmission lines. These documented figures make utilities a suitable source of reliable data for national administrations to survey. However, the majority of PV electricity is not produced in large, centralised power stations, but in small, distributed systems and consumed directly on site. Thus, any survey methods that were designed for centralised power production generally exclude the electricity produced from these small distributed systems. Electricity from off-grid PV systems with no metered connection to transmission lines cannot be INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

18 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

observed by network operators. Furthermore, electricity producers that receive national surveys are often required to be of a minimum size, typically in the MW range, therefore excluding the majority of smaller grid connected systems (which are in the range of a few watts to 100 kW) from the surveys. As a result, electricity from small and off-grid PV systems are often omitted from national statistics. In these cases, PV electricity data is often estimated from the amount of operational capacity installed. In this respect, PV capacity data serves as an indicator of the potential electricity from photovoltaics. Given this role, it is important to understand the effects any variability can have on national statistics as they too are difficult to measure and monitor on a national level.

Effects of variability As is the case in sampling any real-world data, PV capacity statistics are highly specific to the method used to collect the data. A range of capacity figures can exist for the same market depending on the source of the data and their assumptions made about the amount actually installed and in operation at a given time. For example, the total capacity shipped from a PV manufacturer at the end of the year will differ from the amount of capacity actually up and running on the network due to the time it takes for the system to be purchased and installed. A natural result of this capacity in flux is that end of the year figures from grid operators will differ from those obtained from manufacturers. Inclusion criteria and time of data collection are additional reasons why datasets may vary. To assess the range of variability that exists in PV capacity statistics, data reported to the IEA in 2007 were compared to figures from a secondary source, the IEA-PVPS annual report, which gathers data from a variety of sources such as industry and research groups. While not a perfect match, the variability in capacity figures for a majority of countries was within an acceptable range, that is, in proportion to their installed capacity. Germany had the highest installed capacity in both datasets and was able to report 3811 MW of capacity, just 1% less than the 3862 listed in the PVPS report. The 638 MW reported by Spain was only 3% less than the 655 MW estimated by the PVPS report and both datasets confirmed that the amount of installed capacity in Spain increased by a factor of four between 2006 and 2007. However, the difference in capacity for Australia, France, Japan, and the United States between the two datasets was much larger. These four countries combined reported 79 MW of PV capacity as official INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA statistics, representing less than 2% of the reported OECD photovoltaic capacity (Table 2). In contrast, the PVPS annual report estimates 2908 MW of capacity in these four countries, as much as 37% of the potential capacity in the OECD. Consequently, the 7797 MW of OECD capacity estimated from PVPS figures, is about 57% higher than the 4968 MW reported as official statistics in 2007 (Table 2). Table 2: OECD solar photovoltaic capacity and production in 2007 Reported*

PVPS

Estimated

Generation Capacity Generation Capacity** Range*** MW GWh MW GWhLB GWhUB Australia France Japan United States

7 25 10

10.4 16.2 8.4

83 75 1919

83 58 1919

165 95 2111

37

15.8

831

831

1019

Subtotal Total OECD

79

50.8

2908

2891

3390

4968

3919

7797

6763

7262

* Australia and France: Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2009. Japan: Data reflects initial submission. The national administration agreed to the use of the PVPS capacity data for Table 2 in country profiles in IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2009. United States: Data reflects initial submission. The estimate provided by the national administration of 974 MW was used for Table 2 in the country profile of IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2009. Total OECD: Data reflects sum of capacities of original submissions. Figures on page 37 include IEA Secretariat estimates. ** Source: IEA Photovoltaics Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) Annual Report 2008. *** The following ranges of annual yields from PV systems in each country were used to calculate the capacity factors: Australia 1000 – 2000 kWh/kW, France: 770 – 1260 kWh/kW, Japan: 1000 – 1100 kWh/kW (IEA PVPS National Reports, 2007), United States: 1000-1226 kWh/kW (Nordmann et al,. 2007).

One of the main reasons for the disparity between the two sources is the inclusion criteria for data used as official statistics. National administrations are required to have a certain level of confidence in the data that is presented as official statistics and must ensure that they are collected in an objective, consistent manner. As this often corresponds only with data that are measured and monitored, some countries risk underestimating the capacity of distributed systems, which constitute a large part of the PV market. The most accurate data exist where there are government incentives in place to monitor the amounts of small grid-connected PV capacity. For example, there are monitoring systems already in place for implementing the feed-in tariff schemes for PV electricity

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 19

generation in Germany and Spain. Customers connected to these grids must register their PV systems and the electricity produced is metered and monitored in order for them to receive any payments. This type of extensive tracking provides a reliable point of measurement for data collectors, hence the similarity in figures between national administrations and the PVPS annual report for countries such as Germany and Spain. However, data with this level of reliability is not always available to all national administrations. Countries without well-established monitoring systems of distributed PV capacity must rely on other data collection sources and methods to compile national statistics. Such is the case in Japan where they survey electricity producers, but only those with a minimum size of 1000 kW capacity receive a survey. This method accounts for only 10 MW of capacity in 2007, yet according to the PVPS report, estimates for Japan maybe as high as 1919 MW if the small units such as roof-top systems are included. In the United States, only the capacity from centralised gridconnected PV systems is observed and reported, accounting for only 37 MW. However, the PVPS estimates, which include distributed systems, amount to 831 MW in the US, while estimates from the EIA2 are even higher at 974 MW. In Australia, based on the PVPS annual report, about 80% of their capacity is used for off-grid applications, with only 7 MW of the estimated 83 MW of capacity monitored and reported. Based on end-of-year shipments from manufacturers, the PVPS suggests that as much as 75 MW of PV capacity may be installed in France. Sources used in French official statistics quote a much more conservative number, 25 MW, which is likely obtained from the national grid operator who recognizes a 160 daydelay to connect systems to the network. Thus, in comparison to data with more liberal criteria for data collection, the combined capacity in these four countries may be as high as 2908 MW in 2007, which suggests that the reported 51 GWh of electricity may be an underestimation of the total contribution from photovoltaics. Estimates for the amount of photovoltaic electricity generation that could be produced from those 2908 MW can be calculated using capacity factors3.

2. The EIA refers to the Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of Energy. 3. A capacity factor is a ratio of the electricity produced to the maximum capacity of the generating unit had it been operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Capacity factors are dependent on the amount of sunlight absorbed by the PV panel, which is only available during certain hours of the day and varies across the different latitudes of the globe. To account for these varying levels of solar irradiation, a range of capacity factors were considered for each country. The following ranges were derived for each country from published annual yields: Australia: 11.4 – 22.8%, France: 8.8-14.4%, Japan: 11.4 – 12.6%, United States: 11.4-14%4. These factors were multiplied by the PVPS capacities to estimate the upper and lower bounds of electricity generation that could be produced from the potential 2908 MW of operating capacity. Using the lower bounds of the capacity factors for the 2908 MW suggests a conservative estimate at about 2890 GWh of PV electricity, almost 60 times greater than the 51 GWh reported by these four countries. With respect to the OECD total, these estimates imply a generation of 6763 GWh of PV electricity, a 72% increase from the 3919 GWh reported in 2007. This paints quite a different picture of the amount of photovoltaic electricity produced and consumed in OECD countries when this unaccounted for capacity is included. Understanding the explanations for such a wide range of values is essential to any conclusions drawn from solar energy statistics.

Heat from solar energy Measuring and monitoring Measuring and monitoring process heat from solar thermal energy also presents data collection challenges. Compared to electricity, it is more difficult to quantify, consumers often generate and consume all process heat on-site and there are limited commercial markets that sell process heat. In 2007, Denmark was the only OECD country to report heat from solar thermal as being sold from district heat networks. The 0.05 PJ of solar thermal consumed to generate this process heat represented less than 1% of the total OECD primary energy production of solar thermal. The remaining 146 PJ of solar thermal energy was harnessed by small solar collectors installed on commercial and residential buildings, transformed into useful heat output by a conversion system and used directly on-site. Useful heat outputs are rarely measured when they are produced and consumed by the same end-user because it is difficult to define a point between the solar INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

20 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

collector and the end-use where the heat can actually be measured. Unless there is a commercial need or incentive to invest in measuring the heat output, useful heat outputs from solar thermal systems are not monitored. Recognizing the need for national administrations to evaluate the contribution of solar thermal energy to heat production, projects such as K4RES-H4 and ThERRA5 have investigated various methodologies to estimate solar heat, but a standardised method for calculating solar heat remains to be defined. In lieu of such data, the total final consumption of solar thermal energy is increasingly recognized as an indicator of solar heat in many national statistics, as the case in annual report by the Federal Ministry for the Environment in Germany6 . This convention may lead to confusion between the two terminologies. Thus, it is important to understand the distinction between data that represents the total final consumption of solar thermal and data that represents useful heat outputs from solar thermal. The total final consumption, of solar thermal is defined as the amount of energy delivered to the enduser. This quantity is defined in IEA statistics as the amount of solar thermal energy available to the heat transfer medium minus the optical and collector heat losses. Solar thermal energy further transformed by the system into heat outputs are considered useful heat outputs, and sometimes referred to as solar heat. These are outputs that difficult to measure. In the absence of a standardised method for calculating them, national administrations tend to monitor the total final consumption of solar thermal energy instead. While it is an observed statistic, total final consumption is not actually measured. The 146 PJ reported by OECD countries in 2007 are the sum of each countries’ estimation of solar thermal energy consumption. The ways to calculate this figure vary from country to country as do the assumptions and empirical data available, thus it is important to be aware of the variability that can exist.

4. Key Issues for Renewable Heat in Europe (K4RES-H) is a project coordinated by the European Solar Thermal Industry Association under the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) aimed to develop guidelines for quantifying renewable heat. 5. ThERRA, a project funded by the Intelligent Energy for Europe Programme, compared definitions of renewable heat and methodologies used by various organizations to develop a protocol to monitor renewable heat. 6. Further discussion about the use of final energy to describe renewable heat can be found in: Renewable Energy Sources in Figures. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Berlin, Germany, 2008, pp 74.

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Effects of variability While there are no universally agreed practices, almost all methods to calculate solar thermal consumption are based on collector area. Generally speaking, the collector area is multiplied by the energy production per unit area. The energy production per unit area, often referred to as collector yield, and expressed in kWh/m2, depends primarily on the type of collector (glazed, unglazed, evacuated tube, etc.), which is ultimately dictated by the end use (domestic hot water preparation, space heating, etc.), the local climatic conditions, and system orientation relative to the sun. Collector yields vary by the amount of solar energy, available to the collector and thus are largely dependent on the solar irradiation of the geographic location, the angle of the collector relative to the sun, and hours of exposed sunlight. As a result of these different parameters, annual collector yields can range from 130 kWh/m2 for unglazed collectors used for drying hay in Switzerland to 898 kWh/m2 for hot water systems in Spain7. This variability requires national administrations to make country specific assumptions about the characteristics of the solar thermal systems in operation in various climatic regions. Thus, the level of detail in choosing annual collector yields can vary greatly between methods and will ultimately affect the total final consumption of solar thermal energy. Variations in this calculated value are also due to assumptions made about the amount of operational capacity installed. Systems that were installed 10, 15, and even 20 years ago may no longer be in operation and the capacity still in working order is usually estimated. The European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF) assumes a life-span of 20 years for systems installed after 1990 (ESTIF, 2008). The IEASHC annual report assumes a 25-year lifetime if no information is available (IEA SHC, 2008). These assumptions affect the amounts of capacity used in the calculation of energy produced from solar collectors. If the number of systems being decommissioned each year is larger than the number being installed, solar thermal consumption will decrease over time, as is the case in Japan where figures decreased from 49 PJ in 1990 to 23 PJ in 2007.

7. Switzerland: Source: Markterhebung Sonnenenergie 2007. Bundesamt für Energie & Swissolar. 2007. Spain: Source: Personal communication with Secretaría General de Energía Ministerio de Industria Turismo y Comercio. 17 April 2009.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 21

The number of ways annual collector yields and capacity can be combined and summed to calculate solar thermal consumption quickly multiplies for countries that span a range of climatic conditions with many varied collector types in operation. Such is the case in the United States whose market contains five different types of collectors operating across latitudes exposed to average solar irradiation levels that range from 1400 to 2500 kWh/m2 per year. Given the variety of methodologies and associated factors, the 146 PJ of final consumption of solar thermal in OECD countries could in fact be higher or lower. Only a range for the value of final consumption of solar thermal energy in OECD countries can be known with reasonable certainty.

Summary Solar energy is one of the most challenging renewable sources to quantify. The advantages of such an abundant and free source of energy lie in its versatility to be harnessed at the utility level or to be used directly on-site far away from a centralised network. Despite these benefits, decentralised uses of solar energy create a challenge for those who collect statistics. Often times this form of energy production completely bypasses commercial flows of energy where it would be otherwise measured, making it difficult for a country to quantify the contribution of solar energy to overall energy production. The ability to monitor such a role has gained much attention on an international level. With the targets set by the European Union that 20% of energy production must come from renewable sources by 2020, high quality renewable data will play

an important role in a country’s ability to evaluate progress towards these targets. The development of effective strategies and policies to address even broader issues, such as energy security and carbon free power production, puts a universal focus on accurate energy statistics.

Sources IEA Renewables and Waste Statistics of OECD Countries. 2009 Edition. IEA Photovoltaics Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) Implementing Agreements National Reports for Australia, France, Japan, and the United States. IEA Photovoltaics Power Systems Programme 2007. Nordmann, T., Clavadetscher,and L., Jahn, U. PV System Performance and Cost Analysis, A Report by IEA PVPS Task 2. 2007. Solar Heat Worldwide - Markets and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2006. Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. International Energy Agency Edition 2008. Solar Thermal Markets in Europe, Trends and Market Statistics 2007. European Solar Thermal Industry Association. June 2008.

Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the collaboration, review, and editing provided by Mr. Michel Francoeur of the Energy Statistics Division, Mr. David Wilkinson of the Office of the Chief Economist, and Ms. Zuzana Dobrotkova and Mr. Cédric Philibert of the Renewable Energy Unit.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 23

PART II RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 25

TABLE 1. WORLD: RENEWABLES INDICATORS IN 2007 TPES

Mtoe

Africa Latin America Asia China Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East OECD World Marine & Aviation Bunkers World Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Slavador

630.9 551.1 1377.0 1969.5 105.8 1015.6 548.3 5497.1 330.5 12026.0 2.2 36.9 10.8 73.6 2.8 124.1 33.2 11.9 8.8 25.8 28.0 57.0 2.9 5.4 5.6 2.0 235.6 2.8 20.2 5.1 7.3 269.4 30.8 1955.8 29.0 1.3 18.0 4.8 10.0 9.3 9.9 2.4 45.8 19.6 7.9 11.8 69.0 5.0 0.7

Of which Renewables

Mtoe

304.6 168.3 375.2 241.3 10.1 30.7 4.0 357.9 x 1492.2 0.5 0.1 7.0 5.2 0.2 6.9 7.9 0.2 8.7 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 104.7 1.0 3.6 5.3 43.5 6.7 241.3 8.3 0.7 17.5 2.5 7.8 0.7 1.3 0.1 2.1 3.4 1.5 1.5 2.9 2.8 0.5

Share of Renewables in TPES (%)

Share of Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%)

Hydro

48.3 30.5 27.2 12.3 9.6 3.0 0.7 6.5 x 12.4 21.0 0.3 65.1 7.0 5.6 5.5 23.7 1.7 33.8 4.6 2.7 61.5 18.2 9.4 23.1 44.4 4.8 70.6 72.7 16.2 21.8 12.3 28.7 58.2 97.0 52.6 77.9 7.4 13.2 3.0 4.7 17.1 19.5 12.7 4.2 56.4 73.5

2.7 34.2 5.9 17.3 37.6 69.3 48.2 30.2 x 17.7 52.5 20.4 3.9 50.8 99.8 18.0 39.4 100.0 1.4 0.2 2.2 0.0 20.1 65.2 30.7 25.7 0.1 6.2 72.8 29.6 17.3 45.8 3.9 4.1 23.2 2.0 52.5 0.8 8.4 0.1 7.8 51.6 46.2 5.3 -

Eritrea Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.

Geothermal, Solar, Wind, Tide

0.3 1.6 4.3 2.1 1.3 1.5 21.7 13.2 x 4.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 5.3 4.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.2 3.8 0.6 0.0 2.1 0.1 43.2 1.0 72.8 0.7 19.1 2.5 41.9 0.0

Renewable Combustibles and Waste

97.0 64.2 89.8 80.6 61.1 29.2 30.1 56.6 x 77.3 47.1 79.6 96.1 49.1 76.6 56.6 98.6 99.8 94.5 100.0 79.9 34.8 100.0 69.1 70.5 99.9 93.8 26.6 70.4 80.6 54.1 96.1 95.9 33.6 98.0 46.5 99.2 27.2 90.9 80.8 92.2 48.4 51.3 52.9 100.0

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26 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

TABLE 1. WORLD: RENEWABLES INDICATORS IN 2007 (Continued) TPES

Mtoe

Estonia Ethiopia Finland France FYR of Macedonia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Giblartar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal

5.6 22.8 36.5 263.7 3.0 1.8 3.3 331.3 9.5 0.2 32.2 8.3 2.8 4.7 13.7 26.7 4.9 595.3 190.6 184.9 33.1 15.1 22.0 178.2 5.0 513.5 7.2 63.6 18.3 222.2 18.4 25.2 2.9 4.7 4.0 17.8 9.3 4.2 72.6 0.9 184.3 3.3 3.1 14.4 9.1 15.6 1.6 9.6 80.4

Of which Renewables

Mtoe

0.6 20.9 8.5 17.8 0.2 1.1 1.0 26.1 6.5 1.7 4.5 2.0 2.1 0.1 1.4 3.9 173.5 59.4 2.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 12.0 0.5 16.3 0.1 0.8 14.7 1.3 2.2 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 3.4 0.0 17.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 8.7 10.7 0.3 8.5 2.4

Share of Renewables in TPES (%)

Share of Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%)

Hydro

10.7 91.5 23.2 6.7 8.0 60.3 29.7 7.9 68.0 5.4 54.1 72.2 44.7 0.4 5.1 80.7 29.1 31.2 1.3 0.2 3.1 3.4 6.8 10.1 3.2 1.6 1.2 80.4 0.6 11.9 41.3 30.1 5.2 0.9 8.8 2.2 4.7 0.1 9.3 2.2 3.3 4.1 95.4 68.3 20.9 89.2 3.0

0.3 1.4 14.4 28.1 36.1 6.2 59.2 6.9 5.0 12.9 7.0 0.7 9.0 1.3 18.3 6.1 1.6 62.1 62.4 12.3 0.3 23.4 2.7 39.0 4.7 90.6 2.0 23.5 52.4 99.7 16.7 24.0 4.5 10.1 16.2 13.7 3.8 19.5 15.8 2.8 41.3 2.8 0.4

Netherlands Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.

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Geothermal, Solar, Wind, Tide

1.3 0.2 3.1 4.1 1.0 16.1 19.1 0.2 7.2 81.6 0.7 10.2 0.5 36.9 98.5 44.9 0.9 21.9 89.6 6.0 5.9 0.3 8.7 1.3 8.2 0.0 100.0 38.0 4.1 0.0 13.4

Renewable Combustibles and Waste

98.4 98.6 85.4 68.7 59.8 93.8 39.8 77.0 95.0 68.0 93.0 99.3 91.0 99.8 91.5 0.1 93.2 88.2 37.4 37.6 50.8 1.2 31.7 96.4 39.1 5.7 9.4 92.0 70.5 47.6 0.3 83.0 67.3 100.0 94.2 81.7 83.8 48.2 96.2 100.0 76.5 84.2 97.2 58.7 97.2 86.2

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 27

TABLE 1. WORLD: RENEWABLES INDICATORS IN 2007 (Continued) TPES

Mtoe

Netherland Antilles Nicaragua Nigeria Norway New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syria Chinese Taipei Tajikistan United Rep. of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Ukraine Uruguay United States Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia

2.2 3.5 106.7 26.9 16.8 15.5 83.3 2.8 4.2 14.1 40.0 97.1 25.1 22.2 38.9 672.1 150.3 2.7 15.8 26.8 17.8 7.3 134.3 144.0 9.3 14.7 50.4 25.7 19.6 109.9 3.9 18.3 104.0 2.5 15.3 8.8 100.0 18.1 48.3 211.3 137.3 3.2 2339.9 48.7 63.7 55.8 7.2 7.4 9.4

Of which Renewables

Mtoe

2.1 86.1 12.8 5.5 30.7 0.7 6.8 4.2 17.2 5.0 4.5 0.0 4.7 19.4 0.0 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.7 13.8 10.0 5.1 10.8 15.3 4.6 0.3 1.3 1.5 16.4 19.2 2.1 0.0 1.2 9.6 0.0 0.0 4.4 1.7 1.2 110.9 0.6 7.7 27.1 0.1 6.7 6.6

Share of Renewables in TPES (%)

59.2 80.7 47.8 32.6 36.9 24.6 163.0 30.2 43.0 5.1 17.9 0.0 12.2 2.9 0.0 46.6 10.5 5.4 10.1 10.2 6.9 54.5 73.7 30.3 17.7 1.6 1.2 37.7 89.7 18.5 85.4 0.1 13.7 9.6 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 38.3 4.7 1.1 12.1 48.6 1.1 89.6 69.7

Share of Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%)

Hydro

1.3 0.6 89.7 37.0 8.0 45.4 67.5 39.6 4.3 4.1 19.3 28.9 78.5 1.5 51.8 39.4 37.8 0.6 23.9 6.7 1.2 37.2 66.6 98.0 29.8 100.0 1.3 3.6 0.4 0.3 32.1 100.0 10.0 50.5 57.2 19.4 100.0 93.0 9.5 12.6 6.8

Zimbabwe Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.

Geothermal, Solar, Wind, Tide

10.2 0.6 42.7 0.2 51.1 1.1 12.7 0.4 2.2 0.0 1.1 0.2 25.2 0.0 0.9 4.3 10.4 0.0 0.3 15.6 11.4 0.2 11.9 -

Renewable Combustibles and Waste

88.6 99.4 9.7 20.3 92.0 54.6 32.5 60.3 44.6 94.8 68.0 100.0 70.7 19.4 100.0 98.5 48.2 59.5 62.2 99.3 50.9 93.3 98.8 61.9 29.1 2.0 59.8 98.7 96.4 99.6 100.0 99.3 52.3 100.0 78.7 49.3 42.8 68.7 0.0 7.0 90.5 100.0 87.4 93.2

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TABLE 2. OECD: CONTRIBUTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TO TPES* (%) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-08

OECD Total

5.8

6.0

5.9

6.1

6.3

6.5

6.8

0.8

OECD North America

6.4

6.5

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.5

0.1

OECD/IEA Pacific

4.1

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

-1.1

OECD Europe

5.7

6.3

6.9

7.4

7.8

8.6

8.8

2.4

IEA Total

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.3

6.6

0.9

IEA North America

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.3

0.1

IEA Europe

5.7

6.3

6.8

7.3

7.7

8.4

8.6

2.4

Non-OECD Total

20.9

22.0

21.8

19.2

18.7

18.3

..

..

World

12.7

13.1

12.9

12.4

12.4

12.4

..

..

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.2

-0.6

Austria

20.2

21.9

23.1

21.1

22.2

23.7

23.4

0.8

Belgium

1.0

1.0

1.1

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.1

6.5

Canada

16.2

16.8

16.9

16.0

15.7

16.2

16.4

0.1

0.2

1.5

1.5

4.0

4.2

4.7

4.7

19.0

Australia

Czech Republic

6.3

7.3

10.6

16.1

15.2

17.1

17.4

5.8

Finland

19.3

21.2

24.1

23.4

23.1

23.2

24.9

1.4

France

7.0

7.5

6.8

6.0

6.3

6.7

7.1

0.0

Germany

1.5

1.8

2.7

4.9

5.8

7.9

7.7

9.5

Greece

5.2

5.7

5.2

5.4

5.9

5.4

5.0

-0.1

Denmark

Hungary

2.6

3.4

3.3

4.3

4.5

5.1

5.9

4.6

Iceland

67.0

69.5

74.4

75.7

78.3

80.7

82.3

1.1

Ireland

1.7

1.5

1.7

2.5

2.9

3.1

3.7

4.5

Italy

4.4

4.8

5.9

6.4

6.9

6.8

7.7

3.1

Japan

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.1

-0.7

Korea

1.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

-2.7

Luxembourg

0.4

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.3

2.2

1.8

8.0 -0.9

11.4

11.7

10.8

9.7

9.5

9.3

9.6

Netherlands

1.1

1.2

1.7

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.6

6.7

New Zealand

35.8

33.8

29.8

32.0

31.7

32.6

33.9

-0.3

Norway

54.3

49.2

52.2

45.7

39.7

47.8

43.0

-1.3

Poland

1.5

3.9

4.3

4.9

5.1

5.1

5.4

7.3

19.6

16.4

15.2

13.1

17.1

17.9

17.7

-0.5

Slovak Republic

1.5

2.8

2.8

4.3

4.5

5.4

4.8

6.5

Spain

6.9

5.5

5.7

5.9

6.5

6.9

7.3

0.3

Sweden

24.4

25.5

31.0

28.7

28.7

30.3

31.8

1.5

Switzerland

13.6

16.5

16.6

15.7

15.3

17.7

17.6

1.4

Turkey

18.3

17.5

13.2

12.0

11.1

9.6

9.5

-3.6

United Kingdom

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.5

9.3

United States

5.0

5.1

4.5

4.5

4.8

4.7

5.1

0.1

Mexico

Portugal

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 29

TABLE 3. OECD: SHARE OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES* (%) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-08

OECD Total

17.3

16.9

15.6

15.1

15.5

15.4

16.1

-0.4

OECD North America

18.3

17.8

15.2

15.1

15.6

14.9

15.6

-0.9

OECD/IEA Pacific

13.1

10.8

9.7

8.5

9.1

8.2

8.0

-2.7

OECD Europe

17.6

18.6

18.9

18.3

18.5

19.8

20.9

1.0

IEA Total

17.2

16.8

15.4

15.0

15.4

15.3

15.9

-0.4

IEA North America

18.2

17.6

15.1

15.1

15.6

14.9

15.4

-0.9

IEA Europe

17.5

18.4

18.7

18.1

18.3

19.5

20.6

0.9

Non-OECD Total

23.3

25.3

23.3

21.9

21.4

20.9

..

..

World

19.5

19.9

18.5

18.0

18.1

17.9

..

.. -1.7

9.6

9.6

8.6

7.5

7.7

7.5

7.0

Austria

66.2

70.5

72.7

62.5

65.1

68.3

69.0

0.2

Belgium

0.8

0.9

1.3

2.5

3.5

4.0

5.3

11.2

Canada

62.4

61.0

60.6

59.8

59.5

59.4

60.8

-0.1

1.9

4.0

3.1

3.8

4.2

3.9

4.5

5.0 13.0

Australia

Czech Republic

3.2

5.4

16.2

28.2

21.1

27.2

28.6

Finland

29.5

30.5

33.3

33.2

27.2

29.9

34.1

0.8

France

13.4

15.3

13.1

9.9

10.9

11.8

13.0

-0.2

Germany

3.5

4.9

6.2

10.0

11.2

14.2

14.6

8.3

Greece

5.1

8.6

7.8

10.8

12.8

7.3

7.4

2.1 12.7

Denmark

Hungary

0.7

0.6

0.7

5.2

4.2

4.7

5.9

Iceland

99.9

99.8

99.9

99.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

Ireland

4.9

4.1

5.0

7.3

9.1

9.9

12.3

5.2

Italy

16.4

17.5

18.8

16.3

16.5

15.5

18.4

0.7

Japan

12.0

10.0

9.9

9.2

10.2

8.8

8.9

-1.7

6.0

1.7

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

-9.5

Luxembourg

13.3

22.0

39.3

6.4

6.9

8.0

9.8

-1.7

Mexico

Korea

23.0

21.1

19.4

15.7

15.9

14.6

19.1

-1.0

Netherlands

1.1

1.7

3.3

7.4

8.2

7.4

8.8

12.2

New Zealand

80.5

84.9

71.4

64.5

64.7

65.4

64.2

-1.2

Norway

99.8

99.7

99.7

99.5

99.3

99.2

99.3

-0.0

Poland

1.1

1.4

1.6

2.5

2.7

3.4

4.3

7.9

34.7

28.3

29.7

17.9

32.4

34.6

32.3

-0.4

Portugal

7.4

18.5

15.0

14.9

15.4

17.7

16.0

4.4

Spain

17.2

14.7

16.1

14.4

17.6

19.5

19.8

0.8

Sweden

51.0

47.6

57.2

51.3

49.6

52.0

53.7

0.3

Switzerland

55.0

57.4

57.0

55.9

51.7

54.9

55.6

0.1

Turkey

40.4

41.6

24.9

24.5

25.3

19.0

17.3

-4.6

1.8

2.1

2.7

4.3

4.6

5.0

5.7

6.5

11.5

10.8

8.2

8.6

9.2

8.3

8.8

-1.5

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

30 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

TABLE 4. OECD: SHARE OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES EXCLUDING HYDRO* (%) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-08

OECD Total

1.8

1.5

1.8

2.8

3.1

3.6

3.9

4.3

OECD North America

2.8

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.9

0.3

OECD/IEA Pacific

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.2

OECD Europe

0.8

1.1

2.0

4.3

4.9

5.9

6.5

12.7

IEA Total

1.8

1.5

1.8

2.8

3.1

3.5

3.9

4.4

IEA North America

2.7

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.8

0.2

IEA Europe

0.7

1.1

2.0

4.3

4.9

5.8

6.4

12.7

Non-OECD Total

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.9

..

..

World

1.3

1.2

1.4

2.0

2.1

2.3

..

..

Australia

0.4

0.4

0.5

1.1

1.5

1.8

2.4

10.6

Austria

2.3

3.3

2.8

5.5

7.7

9.2

10.2

8.7

Belgium

0.4

0.4

0.7

2.1

3.1

3.5

4.8

14.7

Canada

0.8

1.0

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.9

4.8

-

0.7

0.7

0.9

1.2

1.5

2.0

-

Czech Republic Denmark

3.1

5.3

16.1

28.1

21.0

27.2

28.6

13.2

Finland

9.5

10.3

12.3

13.7

13.3

12.5

12.0

1.3

France

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.1

1.5

1.8

7.6

Germany

0.3

0.8

2.4

6.9

8.0

10.9

11.3

22.2

Greece

0.0

0.1

0.8

2.3

3.0

3.2

3.2

42.0

Hungary

0.1

0.2

0.2

4.7

3.6

4.2

5.4

28.4

Iceland

6.7

5.8

17.2

19.1

26.5

29.9

24.5

7.5

Ireland

-

0.1

1.4

4.8

6.5

7.5

8.9

-

Italy

1.5

1.5

2.5

4.2

4.4

4.8

5.6

7.5

Japan

1.4

1.5

1.5

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.2

Korea

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

37.6

Luxembourg

2.1

3.9

11.5

3.4

3.8

4.6

5.3

5.3

Mexico

4.1

3.6

3.1

4.3

3.7

4.0

4.0

-0.2

Netherlands

1.0

1.6

3.2

7.4

8.1

7.3

8.7

12.8

New Zealand

8.1

7.7

9.3

10.4

11.0

11.8

13.3

2.8

Norway

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.9

9.2

Poland

0.0

0.0

0.2

1.1

1.4

1.9

2.9

26.6

Portugal

2.5

3.2

3.6

7.6

9.7

13.1

17.2

11.4

-

-

-

0.1

1.3

1.7

1.7

-

Spain

0.4

0.8

2.8

8.3

8.9

10.3

12.1

21.4

Sweden

1.3

1.7

3.1

5.3

6.5

7.6

7.7

10.2

Switzerland

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

5.0

Turkey

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.5

7.7

United Kingdom

0.2

0.6

1.3

3.0

3.4

3.7

4.4

19.1

United States

3.0

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.6

3.0

-0.0

Slovak Republic

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics and IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 31

TABLE 5. OECD: PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN 2007 (ktoe)

OECD Total OECD North America

Hydro1

Wind

Solar/ Tide

Geothermal

RCW2

NonRCW3

Total*

108227.2

12871.4

4017.1

30375.3

202391.2

18688.2

357882.1

55496.0

3258.5

1588.3

15151.2

96008.3

6175.7

171502.3

9937.5

563.1

725.3

5073.0

13700.9

2779.5

29999.8

42793.8

9049.8

1703.5

10151.0

92681.9

9733.0

156380.0

105159.6

12848.8

3908.3

20786.4

194147.7

18685.2

336850.8

IEA North America

53150.2

3235.9

1479.5

8786.2

87768.1

6175.7

154419.9

IEA Europe

42071.9

9049.8

1703.5

6927.2

92678.7

9730.0

152431.0

OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe IEA Total

Non-OECD Total

156519.5

2034.7

5626.4

18652.7

951466.8

3836.1

1134300.0

World

264746.7

14906.0

9643.5

49028.0

1153858.0

22524.2

1492182.1

Australia

1238.1

224.5

142.9

-

5269.1

101.2

6874.6

Austria

3095.4

173.3

107.9

32.1

4451.3

647.7

7860.0

Belgium

33.5

42.2

5.1

3.0

1436.8

623.5

1520.6

Canada

31683.0

260.1

4.9

-

11576.7

128.5

43524.7

179.7

10.8

3.8

-

1945.9

164.9

2140.2 3351.9

Czech Republic

2.4

616.9

11.2

13.7

2707.7

207.0

Finland

1219.2

16.2

1.0

-

7226.1

97.3

8462.4

France

5004.1

348.5

81.5

130.0

12235.9

1141.5

17799.9

Germany

1797.7

3415.3

579.6

211.7

20140.9

2254.9

26145.3

222.8

156.3

159.8

14.4

1175.6

5.6

1728.9

Hungary

18.1

9.5

2.5

86.0

1249.1

74.3

1365.1

Iceland

721.9

-

-

3223.8

3.3

3.0

3949.0

Ireland

57.4

168.4

1.2

2.1

236.5

-

465.6

Italy

2822.2

346.9

55.5

5000.6

3809.7

825.6

12034.9

Japan

6364.8

225.7

539.8

2820.6

6388.6

987.1

16339.4

Korea

312.3

32.3

35.5

11.1

935.3

1691.3

1326.5

Denmark

Greece

Luxembourg Mexico

9.3

5.5

2.0

-

74.7

24.6

91.5

2345.7

22.5

108.8

6365.1

8240.2

-

17082.4

9.2

295.7

23.2

-

2055.6

720.3

2383.7

2022.4

80.6

7.2

2241.4

1107.9

-

5459.4

Norway

11518.3

77.4

-

-

1240.9

124.8

12836.6

Poland

202.3

44.9

0.4

10.5

4699.1

544.4

4957.1

Portugal

867.9

347.2

27.6

193.3

3054.0

99.7

4490.0

Netherlands New Zealand

382.8

0.7

0.0

10.5

578.5

52.2

972.4

Spain

2387.6

2365.8

137.3

7.7

5084.1

309.1

9982.5

Sweden

5689.8

123.0

8.6

-

9471.2

400.4

15292.5

Switzerland

3031.5

1.4

29.6

163.4

1326.1

776.0

4552.0

Turkey

3083.2

30.5

419.8

1047.6

5020.7

34.1

9601.9

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States

437.7

453.6

45.8

0.8

3458.2

602.2

4396.0

21467.2

2975.9

1474.6

8786.2

76191.4

6047.2

110895.2

1

Hydro does not include pumped hydro

2

Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas.

3

Non-renewable combustibles and waste (Non-RCW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.

* Total does not include non-renewable combustibles and waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

32 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

TABLE 6. OECD: ESTIMATED PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN 2008 (ktoe)

OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe

Hydro1

Wind

Solar/ Tide

Geothermal

RCW2

NonRCW3

Total*

111157.7

15773.3

4570.0

31436.8

205351.5

18661.1

368289.2

57042.9

4788.9

1747.3

16474.3

98414.8

5581.4

178468.3

9606.5

657.2

728.0

5355.2

12796.6

2896.1

29143.5

44508.3

10327.1

2094.6

9607.3

94140.1

10183.6

160677.4 346604.6

106744.2

15751.3

4424.3

22601.3

197083.4

18658.0

IEA North America

53698.2

4767.0

1601.7

10408.4

90150.0

5581.4

160625.4

IEA Europe

43439.5

10327.1

2094.6

6837.7

94136.8

10180.6

156835.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

IEA Total

Non-OECD Total

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Australia

1040.4

282.5

156.7

-

5289.5

106.4

6769.1

Austria

3239.1

171.0

116.8

33.1

4012.8

743.1

7572.7

World

Belgium

35.3

53.5

9.9

3.4

1691.8

771.3

1793.8

Canada

32024.8

259.9

4.9

-

11676.8

131.3

43966.4

174.2

21.1

5.8

-

1940.5

165.0

2141.7 3341.4

Czech Republic

2.2

595.8

11.8

11.9

2719.7

205.0

Finland

1471.7

22.5

1.0

-

7175.7

93.8

8671.0

France

5488.9

491.1

91.1

114.1

12642.7

1163.7

18827.8

Germany

1797.4

3474.4

699.8

248.8

19547.3

2471.1

25767.7

214.2

142.8

160.1

17.0

1110.8

9.0

1645.0

Denmark

Greece

18.3

17.6

3.8

90.7

1427.7

65.5

1558.2

Iceland

1068.7

-

-

2769.6

3.4

3.0

3841.7

Ireland

83.3

207.3

2.8

2.1

267.3

-

562.7

Italy

3438.3

553.6

84.1

4956.6

4360.8

843.0

13393.3

Japan

6383.2

251.0

513.5

2556.4

5331.8

902.4

15035.9

Korea

264.0

32.8

50.2

15.3

1141.6

1887.3

1503.8

10.4

5.2

1.9

-

55.7

24.0

73.3

3344.7

21.9

145.7

6065.9

8264.7

-

17842.9

Hungary

Luxembourg Mexico

8.8

366.3

24.3

-

2431.5

765.0

2830.8

1918.8

90.9

7.6

2783.6

1033.8

-

5834.7

Norway

12001.6

78.9

-

-

1277.9

117.1

13358.4

Poland

192.6

71.6

0.5

10.2

5076.3

518.9

5351.3

Portugal

587.6

493.0

33.5

175.3

3033.8

98.0

4323.3

Netherlands New Zealand

360.2

0.5

0.3

13.0

500.7

45.4

874.6

Spain

2005.2

2709.7

342.9

8.2

4949.0

270.4

10014.9

Sweden

5916.5

169.8

8.6

-

9696.6

425.4

15791.5

Switzerland

3099.2

1.4

31.3

176.8

1382.4

733.6

4691.1

Turkey

2862.3

68.5

418.3

975.5

4802.6

12.3

9127.3

432.1

611.5

46.1

0.8

4033.3

640.0

5123.8

21673.5

4507.1

1596.8

10408.4

78473.2

5450.1

116659.0

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States 1

Hydro does not include pumped hydro

2

Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas.

3

Non-renewable combustibles and waste (Non-RCW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.

* Total does not include non-renewable combustibles and waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 33

PART III DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 35

OECD Total

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

36 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Total Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Gas 18.7%

Hydro 38.4%

Nuclear 10.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.3%

Renewables 5.8%

Oil 41.3%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.6%

Biogas 1.2%

Other(3) 11.0%

Coal 23.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 3.5%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4,478 Mtoe

261.88 Mtoe

132.39 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Gas 22.9%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.8%

Nuclear 10.8% Hydro 30.2% Renewables 6.5%

Coal 21.0%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.6%

Biogas 5.5%

Other(3) 13.2%

Oil 38.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

5,497 Mtoe

357.88 Mtoe

of which: RCW

Liquid Biomass 12.4% Renew. Mun. Waste 6.3% (2)

202.39 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 2000 1800 1600

TWh

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 37

OECD Total 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

4478.22 261.88

4831.36 290.56

5249.75 308.46

5470.73 331.55

5461.79 343.08

5497.13 357.88

5433.71 368.29

1.2 1.9

0.6

5.8

6.0

5.9

6.1

6.3

6.5

6.8

20003.60

22121.32

25823.69

28535.56

29379.42

30109.61

30351.90

2.4

0.22

0.22

0.20

0.19

0.19

0.18

0.18

-1.2

110

107

100

94

91

90

88

-1.2

1043.56

1089.75

1129.88

1169.81

1177.43

1185.25

1191.57

0.8

4.29

4.43

4.65

4.68

4.64

4.64

4.56

0.5

7568.5

8469.7

9618.5

10385.7

10460.9

10645.0

10633.2

2.0

1309.57

1433.74

1495.97

1564.75

1617.87

1636.41

1711.38

1.3

17.3

16.9

15.6

15.1

15.5

15.4

16.1

-0.7

789.9

884.1

980.6

1052.3

1064.6

1078.3

..

1.8

0.00

2.86

4.02

11.39

16.98

23.48

..

74.9

0.0

0.3

0.4

1.1

1.6

2.2

..

71.7

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

397421

436356

465784

527381

550043

573800

..

2.2

Hydro

372937

407386

420277

430628

435832

441192

..

1.0

..

82263

84933

88334

91543

92725

..

..

4463

5049

5393

5147

5354

5364

..

1.1

..

..

696

3739

5732

7822

..

..

339

333

420

389

414

478

..

2.0

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind

260

260

261

261

261

261

..

0.0

2383

4207

15398

52377

63755

78341

..

22.8

Industrial waste

..

..

1720

705

656

837

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

6306

9193

9783

9607

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

13046

19766

22455

23577

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

..

2267

4353

4904

5742

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

823

897

616

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

22972

29033

40686

62416

67016

70975

..

6.9

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

16081

20324

28481

43693

46912

49683

..

6.9

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

38 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Total 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

1369302

1514685

1596113

1672399

1726812

1744246

1811157

1.4

Hydro

1212962

1361583

1386874

1344480

1363682

1331961

1361757

0.6

43093

58667

68533

75323

75172

73505

69226

3.2

28699

29809

32975

37640

38079

40211

40014

2.0

19

60

162

1532

2597

3919

7251

36.8

Solar thermal

663

824

526

596

550

681

949

0.2

Tide, wave, ocean

597

601

605

565

550

550

544

-0.5

Wind

3845

7349

28553

93660

116951

149667

183410

24.0

Industrial waste

7665

9399

13532

9523

9412

9405

6161

1.2

Municipal waste renew.

9134

13267

19047

25655

27171

28618

28069

6.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

8975

12884

18076

22802

24358

24927

24389

6.2

93155

72756

82725

111154

115218

122220

124718

1.6

3588

6153

13038

21805

24578

28525

30186

13.0

-

-

-

2987

3666

3562

3709

-

Electricity only plants

1294060

1457945

1526501

1574199

1618419

1648422

..

1.4

Hydro

1212962

1361583

1386874

1344480

1363682

1331961

..

0.6

43093

58667

68533

75323

75172

73505

..

3.2

28699

29648

32085

36434

36581

38721

..

1.8

19

60

162

1532

2597

3919

..

36.8

Solar thermal

663

824

526

596

550

681

..

0.2

Tide, wave, ocean

597

601

605

565

550

550

..

-0.5

Wind

3845

7349

28553

93660

116951

149667

..

24.0

Industrial waste

3403

4914

5561

2957

3044

2755

..

-1.2

Municipal waste renew.

7621

10829

14821

16443

16521

19933

..

5.8 5.1

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

7641

10806

14561

14619

14693

17915

..

25568

26458

32229

47483

46550

56784

..

4.8

3042

4873

10524

13872

14776

23365

..

12.7

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1558

1924

2171

..

-

75242

56740

69612

98200

108393

95824

..

1.4

Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

161

890

1206

1498

1490

..

-

Industrial waste

4262

4485

7971

6566

6368

6650

..

2.7

Municipal waste renew.

1513

2438

4226

9212

10650

8685

..

10.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

1334

2078

3515

8183

9665

7012

..

10.3

67587

46298

50496

63671

68668

65436

..

-0.2

546

1280

2514

7933

9802

5160

..

14.1

-

-

-

1429

1742

1391

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 39

OECD Total (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

217426

277578

381922

437709

471514

499783

..

Geothermal

..

7817

8076

10173

11432

10337

10524

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

52

..

Industrial waste

..

8595

14289

8219

9928

14906

15639

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

54028

67312

82623

87945

94465

101293

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

46527

57045

71444

76300

72289

77201

..

Solid biomass

..

94841

120698

193614

234198

242502

260688

..

Gas from biomass

..

5612

10134

12746

13582

15219

13036

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3048

4275

21744

21350

-

CHP plants

..

144891

185056

261935

314842

350097

..

..

Geothermal

..

7103

6967

8071

8709

7800

..

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

4611

6191

6736

9151

13551

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

39214

49598

62779

69462

73493

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

35635

42612

53508

58717

55408

..

..

Solid biomass

..

56864

75796

124691

159990

175801

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

1464

3892

5147

5757

6941

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1003

3056

17103

..

-

Heat only plants

..

72535

92522

119987

122867

121417

..

..

Geothermal

..

714

1109

2102

2723

2537

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3984

8098

1483

777

1355

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

14814

17714

19844

18483

20972

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

10892

14433

17936

17583

16881

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

68923

74208

66701

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

4148

6242

7599

7825

8278

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2045

1219

4641

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

16550

18990

20033

25353

26351

24241

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21675

18232

17595

17787

17022

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6525

5624

5148

5249

5146

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

7425

12906

13813

12365

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

40 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

108227 108227 -103630 -4597 1258456 1258456 -

Wind

12871 12871 -12112 -760 149667 149667 -

Tide wave ocean

47 47 -47 550 550 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

337 337 -321 -16 3920 3920 -

Geothermal

30375 30375 -25120 -169 -972 -36 -122 -5 -272 3678 289 1 139 149 3389 2251 744 141 38 214 40211 38721 1490 10337 7800 2537

Solar thermal

3633 3633 -148 -2 -1 3481 128 1 127 3353 2974 319 13 46 681 681 52 52

Industrial waste

7610 4 7614 -6 -432 -432 -303 -1365 -20 -22 -3 -8 5023 4965 33 1472 47 1712 15 20 842 83 8 10 723 58 58 9405 2755 6650 14906 13551 1355

Mun. waste renew.

12701 14 12715 -1 -5141 -1877 -2257 -1673 -265 -379 1122 190 34 1 45 3 106 932 10 918 4 28619 19933 8686 94465 73493 20972

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 41

OECD Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

11061 14 11074 -4604 -1723 -1890 -1351 -230 -293 983 165 63 29 73 818 6 809 2 24927 17915 7012 72289 55408 16881

Wood/ wood waste

151162 2853 -657 -18 153340 -5 -9568 -6487 -6196 -9211 -1828 -69 -258 -1 119717 63638 5 174 62 775 1 31 1 4881 45166 10016 114 71 2342 56079 51795 2383 1895 7 122220 56784 65436 242502 175801 66701

Charcoal

144 -41 103 133 236 15 15 222 219 3 -

Landfill gas

7440 7440 -2 -2661 -1961 -233 -180 -43 -2 -10 2347 2243 4 5 1 1 1 2230 103 103 17661 16123 1538 3360 1817 1543

Sludge gas

1089 1089 -124 -338 -226 -14 -4 -73 310 28 4 14 9 282 279 2 2441 229 2212 2021 1407 614

Other biogas

2528 2528 -1740 -81 -144 -235 -154 -4 -2 169 91 1 72 14 4 78 60 16 2 8423 7013 1410 9838 3717 6121

Biogasoline

14088 1310 -149 -164 15085 -3 15082 15082 15082 -

Biodiesel

8023 971 -468 -38 8488 -68 8421 8382 8382 39 39 -

Other liquid biofuels

1568 34 1602 -446 -120 -116 -652 -79 -73 117 85 7 78 15 15 17 1 13 3 3562 2171 1391 21744 17103 4641

Total renew. & waste sources

372760 5344 -1315 -220 376568 -85 -165970 -18349 -12449 -14929 -2756 -849 -125 -81 -290 160686 71837 42 1663 109 2585 2 47 1 5003 46314 10102 123 81 5763 23479 23479 65370 57294 5677 2078 38 280 1670743 1574918 95825 471514 350097 121417

Share in total energy sources

9.7% 0.2% 0.1% x 6.9% x x x x x x x x x x 4.3% 8.2% 0.0% 1.0% 0.2% 2.9% 0.0% 0.1% 7.0% 37.7% 47.7% 0.7% 0.5% 5.5% 1.9% 2.2% 5.1% 8.3% 1.2% 3.4% 0.9% 0.6% 15.7% 16.4% 9.1% 14.0% 12.7% 19.8%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

42 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1131303 1131303 1036795 7729 86779 11077 75702

1197614 1197614 1084488 8872 104254 12758 91496

1278915 1278915 1152925 9414 116576 12822 103754

1193537 1193537 1039289 8958 145290 12244 133046

1200732 1200732 1043405 8851 148476 12437 136039

1271996 1271996 1106561 11403 154032 12099 141933

1316449 1316449 1146404 11403 158642 .. ..

0.7 0.7 0.4 x 3.4 0.5 3.8

62316 62316 2393 59923 335 59588

66348 66348 2 2973 63373 1622 61751

134775 134775 5593 129182 4079 125103

132818 132818 5698 1 127119 5161 121958

137786 137786 5208 132578 5192 127386

152122 152122 6340 1 145781 5380 140401

163301 163301 10050 .. 153251 .. ..

5.4 5.4 x 5.9 5.4 17.7 5.2

181883 181883 72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057

293108 293108 502 184150 6774 101682 99271 2411

362134 -29 362105 172 151553 8857 201523 198520 3003

260421 7 -12 260416 65 83427 584 176340 174366 1974

301669 15 -30 301654 24 91437 338 99 209756 207747 2009

318674 157 1 318832 260 107781 116 340 210335 207898 2437

300209 -95 300114 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.4 x 3.4 x -0.3 -20.1 x 7.4 7.5 1.0

276723 276723 1421 269820 49 5433 21 5412

376377 3 376380 -2 318407 4 57971 24598 33373

454941 454941 60 412135 42746 8441 34305

472415 3 472418 56 424779 47583 7664 39919

531888 570 532458 55 485419 46984 7946 39038

552671 266 552937 .. .. .. .. ..

6.1 x 6.1 x 5.5 21.4 42.6 20.2

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

195647 195647 1 193880 34 1732 19 1713

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 43

OECD Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

264771 264771 1421 258807 49 4494 5 4489

355265 3 355268 299436 4 55828 24363 31465

400963 400963 13 365511 35439 6299 29140

421606 421606 15 380916 40675 6955 33720

463185 570 463755 12 422589 41154 6917 34237

481071 266 481337 .. .. .. .. ..

5.5 x 5.5 x 4.9 25.1 48.9 23.8

5268278 6266 8628 5283172 1 1648498 6 3634667 1417278 1 2217388

5666974 15362 762 5683098 47 1663316 3 4019732 1629332 1 2390399

5842835 26730 -638 5868927 -2 1001016 132 4867781 2563217 2304564

6215450 72143 -382 6287211 48 1383514 162 4903487 2498641 30 2404816

6218547 97861 -200 6316208 -1 1319261 13 6 4996929 2687851 15 2309063

6330078 91935 -741 6421272 212 1407730 57 5013273 2664901 7 2348365

6142169 87062 -845 6228386 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.1 17.1 x 1.2 x -0.9 14.2 x 1.9 3.8 12.1 0.3

36035 36035 34496 1539 1281 258

60827 60827 1 58705 1 2120 597 1523

190351 190351 125723 64 64564 59769 4795

277340 277340 2 194118 410 82810 80325 2485

287793 287793 1 201979 17 430 85366 81221 4145

311559 311559 104 212670 81 436 98268 93934 4334

325685 325685 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.5 13.5 x 11.3 x 27.7 28.7 18.1

12065 12065 5594 6471 79 6392

18543 18543 -1 10779 7765 95 7670

31737 31737 19915 11822 3214 8608

41375 41375 27190 3594 10591 816 9775

43199 43199 -2 26864 3304 10 13023 1106 11917

45588 45588 -2 29550 3067 8 12965 1175 11790

46809 46809 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.1 8.1 x 10.3 x 4.2 17.2 3.7

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

186828 186828 185882 34 912 8 904

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

44 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

16326 16326 8419 7907 7865 42

22902 22902 1 15804 24 7073 6904 169

21780 21780 2 16224 4 5550 4427 1123

58813 58813 1 52005 57 6750 5649 1101

73893 73893 -2 66561 44 7290 4517 2773

105869 105869 98722 79 7068 3811 3257

114357 114357 .. .. .. .. ..

11.6 11.6 x 15.6 -0.7 -4.2 29.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4101000 49000 26000 4176000 -8000 4184000 4184000

4734500 79000 79000 4892500 -363500 5256000 5256000

12764869 510692 56723 13332284 7284 13325000 13325000

16199575 2283463 -404709 18078329 9329 18069000 18069000

22026608 1813474 -256551 23583531 3531 23580000 23580000

30803083 2289911 -474137 32618857 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000

717748 11522 729270 270 729000 729000

3428089 -252882 -7657 3167550 3550 3164000 3164000

6221050 -200851 -52532 5967667 -51333 6019000 5976000

8839417 557571 -42577 9354411 74411 9280000 9236000

10744992 -235315 -36248 10473429 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12844 12844 12844 6357 6487

19666 19666 19666 10030 9636

1099058 309664 -80 1408642 934862 473780 446362 15318 12100

1136775 361217 -197 1497795 22 1055904 441869 408478 20524 12867

1807814 39090 -189 1846715 1651891 194824 159564 16564 18696

1503782 92005 -189 1595598 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

81 11 92 92 92

99 13 112 112 112

109 52 161 161 28 133

124 61 185 185 20 165

153 78 231 231 21 210

182 140 322 322 20 302

186 146 332 .. .. ..

4.9 16.1 7.6 7.6 7.2

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 45

OECD North America

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

46 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD North America Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 23.0%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Hydro 35.5%

Nuclear 8.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 96.1%

Renewables 6.4%

Biogas 1.0%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 51.4%

Oil 40.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 2.9%

Other(3) 13.1%

Coal 21.7%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2,243 Mtoe

143.66 Mtoe

73.80 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Gas 23.9%

Nuclear 8.8%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 74.9%

Hydro 32.4%

Renewables 6.1%

Oil 39.7% Coal 21.2%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.0%

Biogas 4.8% Liquid Biomass 16.2%

Other(3) 11.7%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

2,794 Mtoe

171.50 Mtoe

of which: RCW

Renew. Mun. Waste (2) 4.2%

96.01 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 1000 900 800

TWh

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 47

OECD North America 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2243.01 143.66

2431.17 158.65

2681.88 160.29

2770.24 165.75

2747.10 168.56

2793.57 171.50

2750.71 178.47

1.3 1.0

-0.2

6.4

6.5

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.5

8051.20

9053.08

11126.45

12455.58

12818.62

13092.39

13234.80

2.9

0.28

0.27

0.24

0.22

0.21

0.21

0.21

-1.6

116

111

100

92

89

89

86

-1.6

359.13

387.01

411.38

432.52

436.60

440.74

444.91

1.2

6.25

6.28

6.52

6.40

6.29

6.34

6.18

0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

3809.0

4275.9

4834.9

5136.4

5139.8

5220.1

5220.3

1.9

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

698.54

759.18

736.68

778.03

800.65

778.33

814.54

0.6

18.3

17.8

15.2

15.1

15.6

14.9

15.6

-1.2

453.1

502.2

563.9

614.9

622.2

630.0

..

2.0

-

2.65

3.32

8.24

11.45

15.45

..

-

-

0.5

0.6

1.3

1.8

2.5

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

Total capacity Hydro

90-07

191334

194550

207269

212660

222873

..

..

174139

175922

181436

182854

186529

..

0.9

..

21564

19699

21524

21638

22063

..

..

3369

3721

3648

3245

3234

3174

..

-0.4

..

..

160

526

734

1019

..

..

339

333

419

388

401

465

..

1.9

20

20

20

20

20

20

..

-

1912

1755

2472

9393

12875

18456

..

14.3

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

2008e

..

Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal

2007

159621

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2006

Industrial waste

..

..

638

461

456

366

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

2631

2171

2223

2254

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

7648

8319

8467

8771

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

..

992

1243

1329

1644

..

..

-

-

-

67

67

75

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

18530

21215

19768

18079

18719

19691

..

0.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

12971

14851

13838

12655

13103

13784

..

0.4

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

48 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD North America 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

724513

794738

779159

816909

839849

816949

848932

0.7

Hydro

609286

701418

671739

689321

703538

671339

688561

0.6

15919

23851

26893

25592

25931

26037

25271

2.9

21136

20610

20522

24077

23266

24202

23186

0.8

4

13

26

42

46

51

56

16.2

663

824

526

596

550

673

912

0.1

26

33

32

31

31

31

31

1.0

Wind

3067

3262

5933

19371

29235

37889

55685

15.9

Industrial waste

4710

4268

7170

5748

5605

5006

1564

0.4

Municipal waste renew.

5382

7485

8463

9627

9792

9680

9694

3.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

5348

7441

8417

7540

7668

7581

7553

2.1

72374

46052

50384

53135

52144

52140

53273

-1.9

2517

3332

5947

7208

7810

8273

8327

7.3

-

-

-

213

164

84

90

-

Electricity only plants

662509

757541

737194

777825

800320

777571

..

0.9

Hydro

609286

701418

671739

689321

703538

671339

..

0.6

15919

23851

26893

25592

25931

26037

..

2.9

21136

20610

20522

24077

23266

24202

..

0.8

4

13

26

42

46

51

..

16.2

663

824

526

596

550

673

..

0.1

26

33

32

31

31

31

..

1.0

3067

3262

5933

19371

29235

37889

..

15.9

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

440

923

1548

1427

1116

..

2.4

6739

7286

8564

8691

8536

..

3.4 1.9

4847

6729

7275

6724

6822

6701

..

15368

14352

18310

21308

19852

19785

..

1.5

2517

3121

4622

6238

6855

7234

..

6.4

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

749 4846

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

5

7

14

..

-

62004

37197

41965

39084

39529

39378

..

-2.6

Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3961

3828

6247

4200

4178

3890

..

-0.1 4.6

Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

536

746

1177

1063

1101

1144

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

501

712

1142

816

846

880

..

3.4

57006

31700

32074

31827

32292

32355

..

-3.3

Gas from biomass

-

211

1325

970

955

1039

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

208

157

70

..

-

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 49

OECD North America (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

30553

29132

18722

44777

49532

50079

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

2061

3899

3525

4334

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4944

8935

3009

6816

7170

7491

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

4340

8330

2040

5064

5342

5533

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

11487

27903

32164

31463

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

2191

125

1095

1331

1258

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

..

29172

27751

17341

43627

48382

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

2061

3899

3525

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4046

8037

2111

6068

6422

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

3857

7847

1557

4662

4940

..

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

11487

27903

32164

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

2191

125

1095

1331

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

..

1381

1381

1381

1150

1150

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

898

898

898

748

748

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

483

483

483

402

402

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

50 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

55496 55496 -52782 -2714 645302 645302 -

Wind

3258 3258 -3257 -1 37889 37889 -

Tide wave ocean

3 3 -3 31 31 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

4 4 -4 -1 51 51 -

Geothermal

15151 15151 -14116 1036 118 118 917 554 363 24202 24202 -

Solar thermal

1581 1581 -148 1433 1433 1325 108 673 673 -

Industrial waste

3050 3050 -188 -122 -141 -663 1936 1921 873 540 9 489 2 8 15 15 5006 1116 3890 3525 3525 -

Mun. waste renew.

4001 4001 -2959 -281 -346 -90 -35 290 90 29 61 200 200 9680 8536 1144 7170 6422 748

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 51

OECD North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

3126 3126 -2325 -216 -272 -66 -19 228 71 23 48 157 157 7581 6701 880 5342 4940 402

Wood/ wood waste

71897 71897 -3533 -3079 -1353 -4348 59586 39511 38 6 2066 31126 5987 288 20074 18038 1667 369 52140 19785 32355 32164 32164 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

4291 4291 -1719 -171 -141 -20 -1 2238 2220 4 3 1 1 1 2209 18 17 7453 6943 510 288 288 -

Sludge gas

32 32 -32 92 92 -

Other biogas

245 245 -53 -1 -34 -97 60 9 5 4 51 51 728 199 529 1043 1043 -

Biogasoline

12906 1099 -10 -143 13852 13852 13852 13852 -

Biodiesel

1597 1 1597 1597 1597 1597 -

Other liquid biofuels

92 92 -1 -1 -11 79 79 1 78 84 14 70 -

Total renew. & waste sources

176730 1100 -10 -143 177676 -81088 -6619 -2287 -5295 -54 -1 82335 44019 4 915 547 1 2080 31750 5989 2732 15449 15449 22865 19917 2578 369 790912 751534 39378 49532 48382 1150

Share in total energy sources

7.6% 0.1% x 6.4% x x x x x x 4.3% 11.6% 0.0% 1.0% 1.9% 0.0% 6.5% 44.1% 46.0% 7.8% 2.1% 2.5% 3.9% 6.3% 1.1% 1.6% 15.2% 15.4% 11.5% 8.4% 8.3% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

52 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

774965 774965 760896 14069 14069

758960 758960 741960 17000 17000

760527 760527 738792 21735 4642 17093

624201 624201 588540 35661 4537 31124

602414 602414 563693 38721 4642 34079

634474 634474 591111 43363 4959 38404

689880 689880 641136 48744 .. ..

-1.2 -1.2 -1.5 6.8 6.1

2387 2387 2387 -

2967 2967 2967 -

67672 67672 5569 62103 62103

60798 60798 5641 55157 55157

62612 62612 5157 57455 57455

66216 66216 6216 60000 60000

72858 72858 9652 63206 ..

21.6 21.6 5.8 -

82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 -

132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 -

175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655

107573 107573 44571 63002 62594 408

131285 131285 52643 78642 78231 411

127720 127720 46643 81077 80451 626

100800 100800 .. .. .. ..

2.6 2.6 -3.2 26.1 26.1 -

89439 89439 89439 -

138350 138350 138350 -

174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925

169580 169580 1 156826 12753 4565 8188

172697 172697 155756 16941 4258 12683

167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369

171210 171210 .. .. .. ..

3.8 3.8 x 3.3 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 53

OECD North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

136858 136858 136858 -

173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925

132441 132441 -1 122423 10019 3586 6433

134932 134932 121622 13310 3345 9965

130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576

132927 132927 .. .. .. ..

2.3 2.3 x 1.9 -

2970010 2970010 1412457 1557553 688697 868856

3137287 3137287 1334085 1803202 844125 959077

3104011 3104011 606982 2497029 1662922 834107

3100435 3100435 637231 2463204 1561437 901767

3008300 3008300 505983 2502317 1709237 793080

3010781 3010781 -1 515573 2495209 1654579 840630

2897960 2897960 .. .. .. .. ..

0.1 0.1 x -5.8 2.8 5.3 -0.2

30674 30674 30674 -

42788 42788 42788 -

124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423

155682 155682 1 76118 79563 79451 112

164703 164703 83755 80948 80398 550

179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739

193732 193732 .. .. .. .. ..

11.0 11.0 x 6.2 -

276 276 276 -

516 516 516 -

953 953 953 -

1128 1128 1128 -

1096 1096 1096 -

1349 1349 1349 -

1353 1353 .. -

9.8 9.8 9.8 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

88273 88273 88273 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

54 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822

11509 11509 9930 1579 917 662

11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771

10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137

10194 10194 .. .. .. ..

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4063000 49000 26000 4138000 -8000 4146000 4146000

4642000 79000 79000 4800000 -365000 5165000 5165000

11909198 472155 55290 12436643 -357 12437000 12437000

14849854 2204897 -402645 16652106 106 16652000 16652000

20200879 1703657 -223552 21680984 -16 21681000 21681000

28387615 1942038 -463980 29865673 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

20667 20667 -333 21000 21000

302622 193 302815 -185 303000 303000

834800 269 835069 69 835000 835000

1632750 681 1633431 -569 1634000 1634000

2275140 -1206640 1068500 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

565420 565420 119576 445844 445844 -

430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -

177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -

186296 186296 .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 55

OECD/IEA Pacific

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

56 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD/IEA Pacific Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 10.4%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%

Hydro 43.9% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 96.9%

Nuclear 10.5%

Renewables 4.1%

Biogas 1.0%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 36.7% Coal 21.7%

Oil 53.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 2.1%

Other(3) 19.4%

TPES(1) 631 Mtoe

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

26.06 Mtoe

9.56 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 16.3%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Hydro 33.1%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 86.0%

Nuclear 12.1%

Biogas 4.9%

Renewables 3.4%

Other(3) 21.2% Oil 41.9%

Coal 25.9%

TPES(1) 877 Mtoe

Liquid Biomass 1.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 45.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 7.7%

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

30.00 Mtoe

13.70 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 200 180 160

TWh

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 57

OECD/IEA Pacific 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

630.71 26.06

747.73 27.01

832.28 28.76

866.45 29.25

871.38 30.16

876.56 30.00

864.54 29.14

2.0 0.8

4.1

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

-1.1

4726.53

5234.67

5631.40

6153.58

6321.79

6484.79

6474.20

1.9

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.14

0.14

0.14

0.13

0.1

90

97

100

95

93

91

90

0.1

186.88

192.43

196.98

200.54

201.01

201.53

201.50

0.4

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

3.37

3.89

4.23

4.32

4.34

4.35

4.29

1.5

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

1127.5

1349.7

1583.8

1764.6

1790.1

1847.9

1827.7

2.9

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

147.74

146.05

153.50

150.09

162.85

151.15

146.88

0.1

13.1

10.8

9.7

8.5

9.1

8.2

8.0

-2.7

95.3

118.7

126.2

130.4

129.0

128.6

..

1.8

-

-

-

0.02

0.10

0.18

..

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.1

0.1

..

-

TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

54084

62366

67221

72933

75727

76333

..

2.0

Hydro

53110

60372

63867

65805

67473

67488

..

1.4

18945

24825

27395

28949

30549

30879

..

2.9

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

531

779

951

969

978

982

..

3.7

Solar photovoltaic

2

45

335

1440

1751

2007

..

50.2

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

3

160

2234

2973

3294

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

4

4

7

..

-

Municipal waste

-

491

1333

1537

1540

1539

..

-

429

631

462

627

631

621

..

2.2

12

45

113

317

377

395

..

22.8

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

1257

13721

14257

13854

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

880

9605

9980

9699

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

58 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD/IEA Pacific 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total electricity

155905

159626

167490

165535

178683

167054

159660

0.4

Hydro

140416

140192

143950

130755

141942

127516

121652

-0.6

7262

12170

11524

11751

11895

11964

9949

3.0

3957

5345

6269

6414

6473

6501

6962

3.0

Solar photovoltaics

2

2

8

23

46

89

286

25.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

9

304

3384

4785

6548

7642

-

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

97

229

461

436

465

-

903

1401

2374

3489

3500

3531

2443

8.4 8.3

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

90-07

904

1402

2368

3467

3474

3501

2368

9643

11041

11619

16703

16681

17447

16036

3.5

80

234

501

1071

1321

1485

1806

18.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

154975

158508

166216

163554

176556

164803

..

0.4

Hydro

140416

140192

143950

130755

141942

127516

..

-0.6

7262

12170

11524

11751

11895

11964

..

3.0

3957

5291

6228

6357

6407

6434

..

2.9

Solar photovoltaics

2

2

8

23

46

89

..

25.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

9

304

3384

4785

6548

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

97

229

461

436

..

-

903

1401

2352

3418

3418

3418

..

8.1 8.1

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

904

1402

2354

3419

3419

3419

..

8713

10035

10456

15254

15209

15932

..

3.6

80

176

467

715

869

1011

..

16.1

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

930

1118

1274

1981

2127

2251

..

5.3

Geothermal

-

54

41

57

66

67

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

22

71

82

113

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

14

48

55

82

..

-

930

1006

1163

1449

1472

1515

..

2.9

Gas from biomass

-

58

34

356

452

474

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 59

OECD/IEA Pacific (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

4185

8765

13706

14573

16572

18708

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

101

153

108

93

93

72

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

311

2012

4622

5048

5797

8033

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

208

1341

3082

3365

4179

5791

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from biomass

..

3565

5259

5894

6067

6503

4812

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

..

-

-

1529

1595

3362

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

-

-

917

957

1589

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

-

-

612

638

1146

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

-

-

-

627

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

..

4185

8765

12177

12978

13210

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

101

153

108

93

93

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

311

2012

3705

4091

4208

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

208

1341

2470

2727

3033

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from biomass

..

3565

5259

5894

6067

5876

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

60 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD/IEA Pacific 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

9937 9937 -9279 -659 115552 115552 -

Wind

563 563 -337 -226 6548 6548 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

8 8 -3 -5 89 89 -

Geothermal

5073 5073 -4276 -169 -36 -143 449 139 139 309 2 220 87 6501 6434 67 -

Solar thermal

718 718 718 717 606 111 -

Industrial waste

1826 1826 -6 -83 -3 1735 1725 2 233 22 531 14 11 256 10 645 10 10 436 436 93 93

Mun. waste renew.

1052 1052 -269 -430 -121 -100 132 132 132 3531 3418 113 5797 1589 4208

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 61

OECD/IEA Pacific 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

954 954 -269 -430 -87 -72 95 95 95 3501 3419 82 4179 1146 3033

Wood/ wood waste

11757 29 11785 -719 -2369 -946 -31 7720 5946 21 56 2007 2867 961 6 30 1773 1730 44 17447 15932 1515 -

Charcoal

13 13 13 13 -

Landfill gas

425 425 -290 -5 -20 -100 -7 3 3 3 1408 1007 401 896 627 269

Sludge gas

99 99 -1 -21 77 77 77 75 2 73 -

Other biogas

151 151 -141 10 7 7 3 3 2 2 5607 5607

Biogasoline

42 42 42 42 42 -

Biodiesel

144 2 145 -5 141 141 141 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

32749 29 2 32778 -11 -15442 -4377 -20 -1311 -151 -172 -18 -143 11135 7820 2 257 78 531 14 2025 3262 961 16 675 183 183 3129 2351 692 87 155090 152839 2251 16572 3362 13210

Share in total energy sources

7.5% x 3.7% x x x x x x x x x 1.9% 4.6% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 3.1% 0.1% 21.3% 25.9% 65.5% 0.5% 2.8% 0.1% 0.1% 1.7% 3.0% 0.8% 1.2% 8.4% 8.5% 4.3% 7.4% 1.8% 32.9%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

62 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD/IEA Pacific 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

158634 158634 137947 6000 14687 9180 5507

216231 216231 187994 6000 22237 10930 11307

215348 215348 190646 6000 18702 5492 13210

214475 214475 189612 6000 18863 5723 13140

208823 208823 184214 6000 18609 5782 12827

212439 212439 187655 6000 18784 5839 12945

224255 224255 200232 6000 18023 .. ..

1.7 1.7 1.8 x 1.5 -2.6 5.2

52714 52714 -1 52715 52715

46368 46368 46368 46368

38986 38986 38986 38986

28092 28092 28092 9 28083

26659 26659 26659 11 26648

30052 30052 30052 16 30036

29457 29457 29457 .. ..

-3.3 -3.3 x -3.3 -3.3

19510 19510 72 80 19358 19193 165

40872 40872 502 123 40247 39867 380

54098 54098 172 987 52939 52718 221

65572 65572 65 1959 63548 63198 350

75664 75664 24 3783 71857 71455 402

76461 76461 235 3571 72655 72247 408

80867 80867 .. .. .. .. ..

8.4 8.4 x 25.0 8.1 8.1 5.5

8379 8379 8219 160 160

13435 13435 1 12980 454 454

25047 25047 -1 22686 2362 2362

41969 41969 1 36710 5258 5258

42759 42759 37433 5326 5326

44062 44062 38549 5513 5513

45977 45977 .. .. ..

10.3 10.3 x 9.5 23.1 23.1

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 63

OECD/IEA Pacific 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

13180 13180 -1 12878 303 303

23519 23519 21945 1574 1574

37739 37739 -1 34234 3506 3506

38248 38248 34697 3551 3551

39934 39934 -1 35960 3975 3975

40409 40409 .. .. .. ..

9.7 9.7 x 9.1 23.7 23.7

387022 972 387994 114019 273975 176074 97901

384564 553 385117 118216 266901 176964 89937

431694 1153 432847 116256 316591 224128 92463

475885 1101 476986 164621 312365 239919 72446

468245 1163 469408 164508 304900 241055 63845

492324 1205 493529 170257 323272 249013 74259

450281 1205 451486 .. .. .. ..

1.4 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.0 2.1 -1.6

1306 1306 1306 -

2525 2525 2525 -

6547 6547 6547 -

13229 13229 13109 120 120 -

15356 15356 15013 343 108 235

17814 17814 17703 111 111 -

18769 18769 .. .. .. -

16.6 16.6 16.6 -

280 280 280 280

1311 1311 720 591 591

1161 1161 452 709 709

1818 1818 700 1118 1118

3871 3871 805 3066 3066

4132 4132 -1 894 3239 3239

4284 4284 .. .. .. ..

17.2 17.2 x 15.5 15.5

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

8327 8327 8220 107 107

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

64 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD/IEA Pacific 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2252 2252 1751 501 501 -

4819 4819 4006 813 813 -

6309 6309 5488 821 821 -

6622 6622 5950 672 672 -

6341 6341 5915 426 294 132

6341 6341 5925 416 294 122

4219 4219 .. .. .. ..

6.3 6.3 7.4 -1.1 -3.1 -

-

-

-

16892 16892 -108 17000 17000

59242 59242 242 59000 59000

65561 65561 -439 66000 66000

117420 117420 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

12157 12157 157 12000 12000

67504 3000 -4000 66504 504 66000 66000

160070 2000 162070 5070 157000 157000

210802 210802 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

35 35 35 35

31 31 31 31

25 25 25 25

18 18 18 18

18 18 18 18

18 18 18 18

18 18 .. ..

-3.8 -3.8 -3.8 -3.8

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 65

OECD Europe

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

66 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Europe Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 16.1%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Oil 37.6%

Hydro 41.4%

Nuclear 12.7% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 93.8%

Renewables 5.7%

Biogas 1.4%

Other(3) 5.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 53.2%

Coal 27.3%

Renew. Mun. Waste 4.8%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1,604 Mtoe

92.17 Mtoe

49.03 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Nuclear 13.2% Gas 24.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.3%

Hydro 27.4% Renewables 8.6%

Biogas 6.3%

Coal 18.3%

Oil 34.7%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 59.3%

Other(3) 13.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

1,827 Mtoe

156.38 Mtoe

Liquid Biomass 10.2%

of which: RCW

Renew. Mun. Waste 8.3% (2)

92.68 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 800 700 600 TWh

500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 67

OECD Europe 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1604.50 92.17

1652.46 104.90

1735.58 119.41

1834.05 136.55

1843.30 144.36

1827.00 156.38

1818.46 160.68

0.8 3.2

2.4

5.7

6.3

6.9

7.4

7.8

8.6

8.8

7225.88

7833.57

9065.84

9926.40

10239.01

10532.43

10642.90

2.2

0.22

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.17

0.17

-1.4

116

110

100

97

94

91

89

-1.4

497.56

510.31

521.52

536.76

539.83

542.98

545.17

0.5

3.22

3.24

3.33

3.42

3.41

3.36

3.34

0.3

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

2632.0

2844.2

3199.8

3484.7

3531.0

3577.0

3585.3

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

463.29

528.50

605.79

636.63

654.37

706.93

749.96

2.5

17.6

18.6

18.9

18.3

18.5

19.8

20.9

0.7

241.5

263.2

290.4

307.0

313.5

319.7

..

1.7

0.00

0.21

0.70

3.12

5.43

7.85

..

64.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

1.0

1.7

2.5

..

61.3

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

166327

182656

204013

247179

261656

274594

..

3.0

Hydro

160206

172875

180488

183387

185505

187175

..

0.9

29462

35874

37839

37861

39356

39783

..

1.8

563

549

794

933

1142

1208

..

4.6

12

62

201

1773

3247

4796

..

42.2

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

1

13

13

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

471

2449

12766

40750

47907

56591

..

32.5

Industrial waste

420

682

1082

240

196

464

..

0.6

Municipal waste

1142

1662

2342

5485

6020

5814

..

10.0

Solid biomass

3029

3669

4936

10820

13357

14185

..

9.5

244

468

1162

2793

3198

3703

..

17.3

Solar thermal

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

756

830

541

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

4442

7818

19661

30616

34040

37430

..

13.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

3110

5473

13763

21433

23829

26200

..

13.4

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

68 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Europe 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

488884

560321

649464

689955

708280

760243

802565

2.6

Hydro

463260

519973

571185

524404

518202

533106

551544

0.8

19912

22646

30116

37980

37346

35504

34006

3.5

3606

3854

6184

7149

8340

9508

9866

5.9

13

45

128

1467

2505

3779

6909

39.6

-

-

-

-

-

8

37

-

Tide, wave, ocean

571

568

573

534

519

519

513

-0.6

Wind

778

4078

22316

70905

82931

105230

120083

33.5

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

Industrial waste

2955

5131

6265

3546

3346

3963

4132

1.7

Municipal waste renew.

2849

4381

8210

12539

13879

15407

15932

10.4 10.0

2723

4041

7291

11795

13216

13845

14468

11138

15663

20722

41316

46393

52633

55409

9.6

991

2587

6590

13526

15447

18767

20053

18.9

-

-

-

2774

3502

3478

3619

-

Electricity only plants

476576

541896

623091

632820

641543

706048

..

2.3

Hydro

463260

519973

571185

524404

518202

533106

..

0.8

19912

22646

30116

37980

37346

35504

..

3.5

3606

3747

5335

6000

6908

8085

..

4.9

13

45

128

1467

2505

3779

..

39.6

-

-

-

-

-

8

..

-

571

568

573

534

519

519

..

-0.6

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

778

4078

22316

70905

82931

105230

..

33.5

Industrial waste

2654

4474

4541

1180

1156

1203

..

-4.5

Municipal waste renew.

1872

2689

5183

4461

4412

7979

..

8.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

1890

2675

4932

4476

4452

7795

..

8.7

Solid biomass

1487

2071

3463

10921

11489

21067

..

16.9

445

1576

5435

6919

7052

15120

..

23.0

-

-

-

1553

1917

2157

..

-

12308

18425

26373

57135

66737

54195

..

9.1

Wind

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

107

849

1149

1432

1423

..

-

Industrial waste

301

657

1724

2366

2190

2760

..

13.9

Municipal waste renew.

977

1692

3027

8078

9467

7428

..

12.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

833

1366

2359

7319

8764

6050

..

12.4

9651

13592

17259

30395

34904

31566

..

7.2

546

1011

1155

6607

8395

3647

..

11.8

-

-

-

1221

1585

1321

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 69

OECD Europe (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

182688

239681

349494

378359

405410

430996

..

Geothermal

..

7817

8076

10173

11432

10337

10524

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

52

..

Industrial waste

..

6501

13949

6050

5936

11288

11233

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

48773

56365

74992

76081

81498

85769

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

41979

47374

66322

67871

62768

65877

..

Solid biomass

..

75565

111209

182127

206295

210338

229225

..

Gas from biomass

..

2047

2684

6727

6420

7385

6966

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3048

4275

21744

21350

-

CHP plants

..

115719

157305

243065

269620

298353

..

..

Geothermal

..

7103

6967

8071

8709

7800

..

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

2618

6004

4675

5252

10026

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

35168

41561

59751

62437

65482

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

31778

34765

51339

53417

49322

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37588

66307

113204

132087

143637

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

1464

1701

5022

4662

4983

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1003

3056

17103

..

-

Heat only plants

..

66969

82376

106429

108739

107057

..

..

Geothermal

..

714

1109

2102

2723

2537

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3883

7945

1375

684

1262

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

13605

14804

15241

13644

16016

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

10201

12609

14983

14454

13446

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

68923

74208

66701

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

583

983

1705

1758

2402

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2045

1219

4641

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

16550

18990

20033

25353

26351

24241

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21675

18232

17595

17787

17022

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6525

5624

5148

5249

5146

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

7425

12906

13813

12365

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

70 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

Wind

42794 42794 -41569 -1225 497602 497602 -

9050 9050 -8517 -533 105230 105230 -

Tide wave ocean

45 45 -45 519 519 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

325 325 -315 -10 3780 3780 -

Geothermal

10151 10151 -6728 -972 -122 -5 -129 2194 31 1 30 2163 1695 161 55 38 214 9508 8085 1423 10337 7800 2537

Solar thermal

1334 1334 -2 -1 1331 128 1 126 1203 1044 100 13 46 8 8 52 52

Industrial waste

2734 4 2738 -1 -244 -227 -162 -702 -18 -22 -3 -8 1352 1318 31 366 25 641 1 97 80 8 70 34 33 3963 1203 2760 11288 10026 1262

Mun. waste renew.

7648 14 7662 -1 -1913 -1166 -1911 -1462 -265 -243 700 100 34 1 17 3 45 601 10 587 4 15408 7979 7429 81498 65482 16016

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 71

OECD Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

6982 14 6995 -2010 -1077 -1618 -1197 -230 -202 660 94 63 6 24 566 6 557 2 13845 7795 6050 62768 49322 13446

Wood/ wood waste

67508 2824 -657 -18 69657 -5 -5317 -1039 -4843 -3917 -1828 -69 -226 -1 52412 18180 5 115 6 769 1 31 1 809 11173 3069 114 65 2024 34231 32028 672 1525 7 52633 21067 31566 210338 143637 66701

Charcoal

144 -41 103 121 224 15 15 209 206 3 -

Landfill gas

2724 2724 -2 -651 -1785 -72 -60 -36 -1 -10 106 20 20 86 86 8800 8173 627 2176 902 1274

Sludge gas

958 958 -91 -338 -205 -14 -4 -73 232 28 4 14 9 204 202 2 2274 135 2139 2021 1407 614

Other biogas

2131 2131 -1686 -80 -110 -139 -13 -4 -2 99 75 1 60 10 4 24 6 16 2 7693 6812 881 3188 2674 514

Biogasoline

1140 211 -139 -21 1191 -3 1188 1188 1188 -

Biodiesel

6283 970 -468 -39 6745 -63 6683 6643 6643 39 39 -

Other liquid biofuels

1476 34 1511 -446 -118 -116 -641 -79 -73 38 6 6 15 15 17 1 13 3 3478 2157 1321 21744 17103 4641

Total renew. & waste sources

163283 4215 -1305 -78 166114 -75 -69441 -7353 -10142 -8323 -2606 -622 -105 -80 -147 67219 19995 36 492 31 1507 1 33 1 899 11303 3152 123 65 2352 7846 7846 39377 35028 2408 1622 38 280 724741 670545 54196 405410 298353 107057

Share in total energy sources

15.3% 0.3% 0.2% x 9.1% x x x x x x x x x x 5.2% 6.2% 0.1% 0.9% 0.2% 3.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 3.0% 29.6% 47.0% 1.5% 0.8% 5.1% 2.3% 2.5% 7.9% 11.8% 1.8% 5.3% 2.2% 0.9% 20.3% 22.9% 8.3% 15.8% 14.9% 18.7%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

72 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

197704 197704 137952 1729 58023 1897 56126

222423 222423 154534 2872 65017 1828 63189

303040 303040 223487 3414 76139 2688 73451

354861 354861 261137 2958 90766 1984 88782

389495 389495 295498 2851 91146 2013 89133

425083 425083 327795 5403 91885 1301 90584

402314 402314 305036 5403 91875 .. ..

4.6 4.6 5.2 x 2.7 -2.2 2.9

7215 7215 1 6 7208 335 6873

17013 17013 2 6 17005 1622 15383

28117 28117 24 28093 4079 24014

43928 43928 57 1 43870 5152 38718

48515 48515 51 48464 5181 43283

55854 55854 124 1 55729 5364 50365

60986 60986 398 .. 60588 .. ..

12.8 12.8 x 19.5 12.8 17.7 12.4

80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892

120182 120182 58837 6774 54571 52540 2031

132682 -29 132653 81160 8857 42636 40509 2127

87276 7 -12 87271 36897 584 49790 48574 1216

94720 15 -30 94705 35011 338 99 59257 58061 1196

114493 157 1 114651 25 57567 116 340 56603 55200 1403

118542 -95 118447 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.1 x 2.1 x 3.4 -20.1 x 1.8 1.9 -1.7

97829 97829 1 96222 34 1572 19 1553

124938 124938 1420 118490 49 4979 21 4958

176609 3 176612 -1 163775 4 12834 748 12086

243392 243392 58 218599 24735 3876 20859

256959 3 256962 56 231590 25316 3406 21910

320270 570 320840 55 291458 29327 4171 25156

335484 266 335750 .. .. .. .. ..

7.2 x 7.2 x 6.7 18.8 37.3 17.8

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 73

OECD Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

114733 114733 1422 109071 49 4191 5 4186

158517 3 158520 147037 4 11479 513 10966

230783 230783 15 208854 21914 2713 19201

248426 248426 15 224597 23814 3610 20204

292359 570 292929 13 265279 27637 3951 23686

307735 266 308001 .. .. .. .. ..

7.2 x 7.2 x 6.6 23.1 44.0 22.1

1911246 5294 8628 1925168 1 122022 6 1803139 552507 1 1250631

2145123 14809 762 2160694 47 211015 3 1949629 608243 1 1341385

2307130 25577 -638 2332069 -2 277778 132 2054161 676167 1377994

2639130 71042 -382 2709790 48 581662 162 2127918 697285 30 1430603

2742002 96698 -200 2838500 -1 648770 13 6 2189712 737559 15 1452138

2826973 90730 -741 2916962 213 721900 57 2194792 761309 7 1433476

2793928 85857 -845 2878940 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.3 18.2 x 2.5 x 11.0 14.2 x 1.2 1.9 12.1 0.8

4055 4055 2516 1539 1281 258

15514 15514 1 13392 1 2120 597 1523

59187 59187 54017 64 5106 2734 2372

108429 108429 1 104891 410 3127 754 2373

107734 107734 1 103211 17 430 4075 715 3360

114061 114061 104 109038 31 436 4452 857 3595

113184 113184 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

21.7 21.7 x 24.8 x 6.4 -2.3 16.8

11509 11509 5318 6191 79 6112

16716 16716 -1 9543 7174 95 7079

29623 29623 18510 11113 3214 7899

38429 38429 25362 3594 9473 816 8657

38232 38232 -2 24963 3304 10 9957 1106 8851

40107 40107 -1 27307 3067 8 9726 1175 8551

41172 41172 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.6 7.6 x 10.1 x 2.7 17.2 2.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

90228 90228 89389 34 805 8 797

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

74 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

OECD Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

14074 14074 6668 7406 7364 42

18083 18083 1 11798 24 6260 6091 169

9031 9031 2 5482 4 3543 3242 301

40682 40682 1 36125 57 4499 4060 439

55714 55714 -2 51332 44 4340 3470 870

89252 89252 85028 79 4145 3147 998

99944 99944 .. .. .. .. ..

11.5 11.5 x 16.2 -3.4 -4.9 20.5

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

92500 92500 1500 91000 91000

838779 38537 1433 878749 7749 871000 871000

1290479 78566 -2064 1366981 8981 1358000 1358000

1760168 109817 -32999 1836986 3986 1833000 1833000

2298048 347873 -10157 2635764 .. .. ..

x x -

-

200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000

697081 11522 708603 603 708000 708000

3113310 -253075 -7657 2852578 3578 2849000 2849000

5318746 -204120 -48532 5066094 -51906 5118000 5075000

7046597 556890 -44577 7558910 69910 7489000 7445000

8259050 971325 -36248 9194127 .. .. ..

x x -

7153 7153 7153 2146 5007

12844 12844 12844 6357 6487

19666 19666 19666 10030 9636

533638 309664 -80 843222 815286 27936 518 15318 12100

706256 361217 -197 1067276 22 1022040 45214 11823 20524 12867

1629999 39090 -189 1668900 1626891 42009 6749 16564 18696

1317486 92005 -189 1409302 .. .. .. .. ..

37.6 x 37.8 x 11.0 12.8 8.1

46 11 57 57 57

68 13 81 81 81

84 52 136 136 28 108

106 61 167 167 20 147

135 78 213 213 21 192

164 140 304 304 20 284

168 146 314 .. .. ..

7.8 16.1 10.3 10.3 9.9

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 75

IEA Total

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

76 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Total Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Gas 18.7%

Hydro 39.8%

Nuclear 10.3% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.0%

Renewables 5.7%

Biogas 1.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.7%

Other(3) 9.5% Oil 40.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 3.7%

Coal 24.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4,355 Mtoe

246.71 Mtoe

125.04 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.4%

Gas 22.8%

Nuclear 11.1%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 74.8%

Hydro 31.2%

Renewables 6.3%

Oil 37.8%

Coal 21.6%

Biogas 5.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 57.6%

Other(3) 11.1%

Liquid Biomass 13.0% Renew. Mun. Waste 6.5%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5,308 Mtoe

336.85 Mtoe

194.15 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 1800 1600 1400

TWh

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 77

IEA Total 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

4354.97 246.71

4700.17 273.92

5099.21 290.24

5292.09 311.85

5282.53 323.20

5307.97 336.85

5242.79 346.60

1.2 1.8

0.7

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.3

6.6

19544.28

21626.23

25178.26

27826.74

28636.52

29342.87

29574.80

2.4

0.22

0.22

0.20

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.18

-1.2

110

107

100

94

91

89

88

-1.2

962.06

998.37

1031.34

1065.68

1072.38

1079.27

1084.65

0.7

4.53

4.71

4.94

4.97

4.93

4.92

4.83

0.5

7439.9

8307.3

9407.2

10135.0

10201.3

10375.6

10358.5

2.0

1276.46

1395.55

1448.79

1518.01

1568.35

1586.83

1645.67

1.3

17.2

16.8

15.4

15.0

15.4

15.3

15.9

-0.7

761.0

852.4

946.4

1009.6

1018.9

1030.1

..

1.8

0.00

2.86

4.02

11.39

16.98

23.48

..

74.9

0.0

0.3

0.4

1.1

1.7

2.3

..

71.8

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

388039

425328

453742

514126

536352

557039

..

2.1

Hydro

364301

397173

409579

418894

423935

426291

..

0.9

48593

82263

84933

88334

91543

92725

..

3.9

3717

4245

4366

3955

3972

3919

..

0.3

..

..

682

3723

5716

7803

..

..

339

333

420

389

414

478

..

2.0

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind

260

260

261

261

261

261

..

0.0

2383

4205

15395

52374

63669

78255

..

22.8

Industrial waste

..

..

1720

705

656

837

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

6306

9193

9783

9607

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

12754

19474

22163

23285

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

..

2259

4335

4886

5724

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

823

897

616

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

22972

29033

40313

61773

66373

69981

..

6.8

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

16081

20324

28220

43243

46462

48987

..

6.8

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

78 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Total 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

1336194

1476504

1548932

1625658

1677287

1694664

1745442

1.4

Hydro

1185280

1329373

1347385

1309802

1325995

1296291

1310438

0.5

43093

58667

68533

75323

75172

73505

69226

3.2

23275

23850

25751

28683

28763

29228

28920

1.3

18

55

155

1523

2587

3910

7242

37.2

Solar thermal

663

824

526

596

550

681

949

0.2

Tide, wave, ocean

597

601

605

565

550

550

544

-0.5

Wind

3844

7342

28534

93641

116892

149405

183155

24.0

Industrial waste

7665

9399

13532

9523

9412

9405

6161

1.2

Municipal waste renew.

9134

13267

19047

25655

27170

28617

28068

6.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

8975

12884

18076

22802

24358

24926

24388

6.2

93155

72756

82292

108108

112788

119598

121718

1.5

3588

6153

13029

21773

24556

28491

30150

13.0

-

-

-

2987

3666

3562

3709

-

Electricity only plants

1260952

1419871

1480169

1528607

1570326

1600263

..

1.4

Hydro

1185280

1329373

1347385

1309802

1325995

1296291

..

0.5

43093

58667

68533

75323

75172

73505

..

3.2

23275

23796

25710

28626

28697

29161

..

1.3

18

55

155

1523

2587

3910

..

37.2

Solar thermal

663

824

526

596

550

681

..

0.2

Tide, wave, ocean

597

601

605

565

550

550

..

-0.5

Wind

3844

7342

28534

93641

116892

149405

..

24.0

Industrial waste

3403

4914

5561

2957

3044

2755

..

-1.2

Municipal waste renew.

7621

10829

14821

16443

16520

19932

..

5.8 5.1

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

7641

10806

14561

14619

14693

17914

..

25568

26458

31796

44437

44120

54162

..

4.5

3042

4873

10515

13840

14754

23331

..

12.7

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1558

1924

2171

..

-

75242

56633

68763

97051

106961

94401

..

1.3

Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

54

41

57

66

67

..

-

Industrial waste

4262

4485

7971

6566

6368

6650

..

2.7

Municipal waste renew.

1513

2438

4226

9212

10650

8685

..

10.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

1334

2078

3515

8183

9665

7012

..

10.3

67587

46298

50496

63671

68668

65436

..

-0.2

546

1280

2514

7933

9802

5160

..

14.1

-

-

-

1429

1742

1391

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 79

IEA Total (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

209969

270164

373196

428034

462959

491145

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1503

1813

1822

1924

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

52

..

Industrial waste

..

8595

14289

8219

9928

14906

15639

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

54010

67289

82595

87917

94445

101274

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

46509

57023

71416

76272

72269

77182

..

Solid biomass

..

94841

120698

193614

234198

242502

260688

..

Gas from biomass

..

5612

10134

12746

13582

15219

13036

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3048

4275

21744

21350

-

CHP plants

..

137788

178089

253864

306133

342297

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

4611

6191

6736

9151

13551

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

39214

49598

62779

69462

73493

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

35635

42612

53508

58717

55408

..

..

Solid biomass

..

56864

75796

124691

159990

175801

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

1464

3892

5147

5757

6941

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1003

3056

17103

..

-

Heat only plants

..

72181

92075

119332

121901

120662

..

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1503

1813

1822

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3984

8098

1483

777

1355

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

14796

17691

19816

18455

20952

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

10874

14411

17908

17555

16861

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

68923

74208

66701

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

4148

6242

7599

7825

8278

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2045

1219

4641

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

16550

18990

20033

25353

26351

24241

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21675

18232

17595

17787

17022

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6525

5624

5148

5249

5146

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

7425

12906

13813

12365

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

80 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

105160 105160 -100582 -4577 1222786 1222786 -

Wind

12849 12849 -12090 -758 149405 149405 -

Tide wave ocean

47 47 -47 550 550 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

336 336 -321 -16 3911 3911 -

Geothermal

20786 20786 -17134 -169 -36 -78 -5 -143 3222 271 1 139 131 2951 1891 720 123 2 214 29228 29161 67 1822 1822

Solar thermal

3525 3525 -148 -2 -1 3373 128 1 127 3245 2974 211 13 46 681 681 52 52

Industrial waste

7610 4 7614 -6 -432 -432 -303 -1365 -20 -22 -3 -8 5023 4965 33 1472 47 1712 15 20 842 83 8 10 723 58 58 9405 2755 6650 14906 13551 1355

Mun. waste renew.

12698 14 12712 -1 -5139 -1877 -2257 -1673 -264 -379 1122 190 34 1 45 3 106 932 10 918 4 28618 19932 8686 94445 73493 20952

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 81

IEA Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

11058 14 11071 -4602 -1723 -1890 -1351 -230 -293 983 165 63 29 73 818 6 809 2 24926 17914 7012 72269 55408 16861

Wood/ wood waste

142938 2853 -657 -18 145115 -5 -9568 -5331 -6196 -9211 -1828 -69 -258 -1 112648 62462 5 174 62 775 1 31 1 3705 45166 10016 114 71 2342 50186 45902 2383 1895 7 119598 54162 65436 242502 175801 66701

Charcoal

144 -41 103 133 236 15 15 222 219 3 -

Landfill gas

7440 7440 -2 -2661 -1961 -233 -180 -43 -2 -10 2346 2243 4 5 1 1 1 2230 103 103 17661 16123 1538 3360 1817 1543

Sludge gas

1073 1073 -109 -338 -226 -14 -4 -73 310 28 4 14 9 282 279 2 2407 195 2212 2021 1407 614

Other biogas

2528 2528 -1740 -81 -144 -235 -154 -4 -2 169 91 1 72 14 4 78 60 16 2 8423 7013 1410 9838 3717 6121

Biogasoline

14088 1310 -149 -164 15085 -3 15082 15082 15082 -

Biodiesel

8023 971 -468 -38 8488 -68 8421 8382 8382 39 39 -

Other liquid biofuels

1568 34 1602 -446 -120 -116 -652 -79 -73 117 85 7 78 15 15 17 1 13 3 3562 2171 1391 21744 17103 4641

Total renew. & waste sources

351727 5344 -1315 -220 355534 -85 -154910 -17156 -11477 -14929 -2711 -849 -125 -81 -161 153052 70643 42 1663 109 2585 2 47 1 3827 46314 10102 123 81 5745 23479 23479 58931 51041 5545 2060 2 280 1621161 1526759 94402 462959 342297 120662

Share in total energy sources

9.8% 0.2% 0.1% x 6.7% x x x x x x x x x x 4.2% 8.4% 0.0% 1.0% 0.2% 3.0% 0.0% 0.1% 5.5% 38.0% 47.7% 0.8% 0.5% 6.1% 2.0% 2.3% 4.7% 7.6% 1.2% 3.6% 0.1% 0.6% 15.6% 16.4% 9.0% 13.7% 12.4% 19.7%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

82 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

903346 903346 833567 6003 63776 9180 54596

944890 944890 854755 6009 84126 10930 73196

992879 992879 893217 6027 93635 10407 83228

845773 845773 716055 6028 123690 10744 112946

849972 849972 716420 6004 127548 10937 116611

870452 870452 729543 6003 134906 11341 123565

946453 946453 801008 6003 139442 .. ..

-0.2 -0.2 -0.8 x 4.5 1.3 4.9

62316 62316 2393 59923 335 59588

66348 66348 2 2973 63373 1622 61751

132974 132974 5593 127381 4079 123302

129311 129311 5698 1 123612 5161 118451

133873 133873 5208 128665 5192 123473

147597 147597 6340 1 141256 5380 135876

157234 157234 10050 .. 147184 .. ..

5.2 5.2 x 5.9 5.2 17.7 5.0

181883 181883 72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057

293108 293108 502 184150 6774 101682 99271 2411

362134 -29 362105 172 151553 8857 201523 198520 3003

260421 7 -12 260416 65 83427 584 176340 174366 1974

301669 15 -30 301654 24 91437 338 99 209756 207747 2009

318674 157 1 318832 260 107781 116 340 210335 207898 2437

300209 -95 300114 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.4 x 3.4 x -0.3 -20.1 x 7.4 7.5 1.0

276700 276700 1421 269797 49 5433 21 5412

376349 3 376352 -2 318379 4 57971 24598 33373

454906 454906 60 412100 42746 8441 34305

472366 3 472369 56 424730 47583 7664 39919

531762 570 532332 55 485293 46984 7946 39038

552545 266 552811 .. .. .. .. ..

6.1 x 6.1 x 5.5 21.4 42.6 20.2

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

195647 195647 1 193880 34 1732 19 1713

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 83

IEA Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

264749 264749 1421 258785 49 4494 5 4489

355237 3 355240 299408 4 55828 24363 31465

400928 400928 13 365476 35439 6299 29140

421571 421571 15 380881 40675 6955 33720

463059 570 463629 12 422463 41154 6917 34237

480945 266 481211 .. .. .. .. ..

5.5 x 5.5 x 4.9 25.1 48.9 23.8

4960743 6266 8628 4975637 1 1648498 6 3327132 1344411 1 1982720

5339093 15362 762 5355217 47 1663316 3 3691851 1545300 1 2146550

5510273 26730 -638 5536365 -2 967119 132 4569116 2514524 2054592

5867448 72143 -382 5939209 48 1336686 162 4602313 2445118 30 2157165

5877108 97861 -200 5974769 -1 1272547 13 6 4702204 2640328 15 2061861

5985664 91935 -741 6076858 212 1359319 57 4717270 2615652 7 2101611

5796728 87062 -845 5882945 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.1 17.1 x 1.2 x -1.1 14.2 x 2.1 4.0 12.1 0.3

36035 36035 34496 1539 1281 258

60827 60827 1 58705 1 2120 597 1523

190351 190351 125723 64 64564 59769 4795

277298 277298 2 194076 410 82810 80325 2485

287781 287781 1 201967 17 430 85366 81221 4145

311548 311548 104 212668 81 436 98259 93934 4325

325670 325670 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.5 13.5 x 11.3 x 27.7 28.7 18.0

12065 12065 5594 6471 79 6392

18543 18543 -1 10779 7765 95 7670

31480 31480 19658 11822 3214 8608

40943 40943 26758 3594 10591 816 9775

42799 42799 -2 26464 3304 10 13023 1106 11917

44935 44935 -2 28897 3067 8 12965 1175 11790

46156 46156 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.0 8.0 x 10.1 x 4.2 17.2 3.7

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

186828 186828 185882 34 912 8 904

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

84 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

16326 16326 8419 7907 7865 42

22902 22902 1 15804 24 7073 6904 169

21780 21780 2 16224 4 5550 4427 1123

58813 58813 1 52005 57 6750 5649 1101

73893 73893 -2 66561 44 7290 4517 2773

105869 105869 98722 79 7068 3811 3257

114357 114357 .. .. .. .. ..

11.6 11.6 x 15.6 -0.7 -4.2 29.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4101000 49000 26000 4176000 -8000 4184000 4184000

4734500 79000 79000 4892500 -363500 5256000 5256000

12764869 510692 56723 13332284 7284 13325000 13325000

16199575 2283463 -404709 18078329 9329 18069000 18069000

22026608 1813474 -256551 23583531 3531 23580000 23580000

30803083 2289911 -474137 32618857 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000

717748 11522 729270 270 729000 729000

3428089 -252882 -7657 3167550 3550 3164000 3164000

6221050 -200851 -52532 5967667 -51333 6019000 5976000

8839417 557571 -42577 9354411 74411 9280000 9236000

10744992 -235315 -36248 10473429 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12844 12844 12844 6357 6487

19666 19666 19666 10030 9636

1099058 309664 -80 1408642 934862 473780 446362 15318 12100

1136775 361217 -197 1497795 22 1055904 441869 408478 20524 12867

1807814 39090 -189 1846715 1651891 194824 159564 16564 18696

1503782 92005 -189 1595598 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

81 11 92 92 92

99 13 112 112 112

109 52 161 161 28 133

124 61 185 185 20 165

153 78 231 231 21 210

182 140 322 322 20 302

186 146 332 .. .. ..

4.9 16.1 7.6 7.6 7.2

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 85

IEA North America

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

86 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA North America Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 23.2%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Hydro 37.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.7%

Nuclear 8.4% Renewables 6.1%

Oil 39.3%

Biogas 1.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 51.2%

Other(3) 11.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 3.2%

Coal 22.7%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2,122 Mtoe

129.89 Mtoe

66.45 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Gas 23.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 72.5%

Hydro 34.4%

Nuclear 9.3%

Biogas 5.2%

Renewables 5.9%

Oil 38.5% Coal 22.4%

Liquid Biomass 17.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.8%

Other(3) 8.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 4.6%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2,609 Mtoe

154.42 Mtoe

87.77 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 900 800 700

TWh

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 87

IEA North America 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2121.85 129.89

2302.23 143.58

2534.45 144.37

2595.08 148.69

2572.00 151.93

2609.31 154.42

2564.46 160.63

1.2 1.0

-0.2

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.3

7598.64

8564.85

10489.71

11757.49

12086.92

12337.28

12469.50

2.9

0.28

0.27

0.24

0.22

0.21

0.21

0.21

-1.6

116

111

100

91

88

88

85

-1.6

277.88

295.89

313.12

328.69

331.85

335.06

338.29

1.1

7.64

7.78

8.09

7.90

7.75

7.79

7.58

0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

3684.9

4118.4

4631.3

4894.4

4890.1

4962.7

4962.0

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

669.93

725.97

697.18

739.97

761.05

740.72

765.30

0.6

18.2

17.6

15.1

15.1

15.6

14.9

15.4

-1.2

424.4

470.7

530.0

572.4

576.7

582.1

..

1.9

-

2.65

3.32

8.24

11.45

15.45

..

-

-

0.6

0.6

1.4

2.0

2.7

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

168430

181241

183744

195410

200555

208356

..

1.3

Hydro

151741

164810

166288

170865

172120

173386

..

0.8

186

21564

19699

21524

21638

22063

..

32.4

2669

2968

2793

2285

2274

2214

..

-1.1

..

..

146

510

718

1000

..

..

339

333

419

388

401

465

..

1.9

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal

20

20

20

20

20

20

..

-

1912

1753

2469

9390

12789

18370

..

14.2

Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste

..

..

638

461

456

366

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

2631

2171

2223

2254

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

7356

8027

8175

8479

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

..

984

1226

1312

1627

..

..

-

-

-

67

67

75

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

18530

21215

19395

17436

18076

18697

..

0.1

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

12971

14851

13577

12205

12653

13088

..

0.1

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

88 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA North America 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

695909

761529

739657

778849

800250

779342

799684

0.7

Hydro

585808

673890

638606

661662

673144

644063

649669

0.6

15919

23851

26893

25592

25931

26037

25271

2.9

16012

14941

14621

16778

16581

16798

16130

0.3

3

8

19

33

36

42

47

16.8

663

824

526

596

550

673

912

0.1

26

33

32

31

31

31

31

1.0

Wind

3066

3255

5914

19352

29176

37627

55430

15.9

Industrial waste

4710

4268

7170

5748

5605

5006

1564

0.4

Municipal waste renew.

5382

7485

8463

9627

9792

9680

9694

3.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

5348

7441

8417

7540

7668

7581

7553

2.1

72374

46052

49951

50089

49714

49518

50273

-2.2

2517

3332

5938

7180

7789

8239

8291

7.2

-

-

-

213

164

84

90

-

Electricity only plants

633905

724332

697692

739765

760721

739964

..

0.9

Hydro

585808

673890

638606

661662

673144

644063

..

0.6

15919

23851

26893

25592

25931

26037

..

2.9

16012

14941

14621

16778

16581

16798

..

0.3

3

8

19

33

36

42

..

16.8

663

824

526

596

550

673

..

0.1

26

33

32

31

31

31

..

1.0

3066

3255

5914

19352

29176

37627

..

15.9

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

440

923

1548

1427

1116

..

2.4

6739

7286

8564

8691

8536

..

3.4 1.9

4847

6729

7275

6724

6822

6701

..

15368

14352

17877

18262

17422

17163

..

0.7

2517

3121

4613

6210

6834

7200

..

6.4

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

749 4846

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

5

7

14

..

-

62004

37197

41965

39084

39529

39378

..

-2.6

Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3961

3828

6247

4200

4178

3890

..

-0.1 4.6

Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

536

746

1177

1063

1101

1144

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

501

712

1142

816

846

880

..

3.4

57006

31700

32074

31827

32292

32355

..

-3.3

Gas from biomass

-

211

1325

970

955

1039

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

208

157

70

..

-

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 89

IEA North America (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

30553

29132

18722

44777

49532

50079

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

2061

3899

3525

4334

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4944

8935

3009

6816

7170

7491

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

4340

8330

2040

5064

5342

5533

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

11487

27903

32164

31463

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

2191

125

1095

1331

1258

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

..

29172

27751

17341

43627

48382

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

2061

3899

3525

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4046

8037

2111

6068

6422

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

3857

7847

1557

4662

4940

..

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

11487

27903

32164

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

2191

125

1095

1331

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

..

1381

1381

1381

1150

1150

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

898

898

898

748

748

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

483

483

483

402

402

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Gas from biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

90 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

53150 53150 -50457 -2694 618026 618026 -

Wind

3236 3236 -3236 37627 37627 -

Tide wave ocean

3 3 -3 31 31 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

4 4 -4 42 42 -

Geothermal

8786 8786 -7751 1036 118 118 917 554 363 16798 16798 -

Solar thermal

1473 1473 -148 1325 1325 1325 673 673 -

Industrial waste

3050 3050 -188 -122 -141 -663 1936 1921 873 540 9 489 2 8 15 15 5006 1116 3890 3525 3525 -

Mun. waste renew.

4001 4001 -2959 -281 -346 -90 -35 290 90 29 61 200 200 9680 8536 1144 7170 6422 748

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 91

IEA North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

3126 3126 -2325 -216 -272 -66 -19 228 71 23 48 157 157 7581 6701 880 5342 4940 402

Wood/ wood waste

63673 63673 -3533 -1923 -1353 -4348 52517 38335 38 6 890 31126 5987 288 14182 12145 1667 369 49518 17163 32355 32164 32164 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

4291 4291 -1719 -171 -141 -20 -1 2238 2220 4 3 1 1 1 2209 18 17 7453 6943 510 288 288 -

Sludge gas

17 17 -17 58 58 -

Other biogas

245 245 -53 -1 -34 -97 60 9 5 4 51 51 728 199 529 1043 1043 -

Biogasoline

12906 1099 -10 -143 13852 13852 13852 13852 -

Biodiesel

1597 1 1597 1597 1597 1597 -

Other liquid biofuels

92 92 -1 -1 -11 79 79 1 78 84 14 70 -

Total renew. & waste sources

159650 1100 -10 -143 160596 -72377 -5426 -2287 -5295 -54 -1 75158 42843 4 915 547 1 904 31750 5989 2732 15449 15449 16865 14024 2470 369 753305 713927 39378 49532 48382 1150

Share in total energy sources

7.7% 0.1% x 6.2% x x x x x x 4.2% 12.3% 0.0% 1.1% 2.0% 0.0% 3.0% 44.7% 46.0% 11.7% 2.2% 2.7% 3.0% 4.7% 1.1% 1.8% 15.2% 15.5% 11.5% 8.4% 8.3% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

92 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

590501 590501 576432 14069 14069

554876 554876 537876 17000 17000

548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093

361437 361437 325776 35661 4537 31124

361754 361754 323033 38721 4642 34079

367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404

435864 435864 387120 48744 .. ..

-2.7 -2.7 -3.3 6.8 6.1

2387 2387 2387 -

2967 2967 2967 -

65871 65871 5569 60302 60302

57291 57291 5641 51650 51650

58699 58699 5157 53542 53542

61691 61691 6216 55475 55475

66791 66791 9652 57139 ..

21.1 21.1 5.8 -

82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 -

132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 -

175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655

107573 107573 44571 63002 62594 408

131285 131285 52643 78642 78231 411

127720 127720 46643 81077 80451 626

100800 100800 .. .. .. ..

2.6 2.6 -3.2 26.1 26.1 -

89439 89439 89439 -

138350 138350 138350 -

174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925

169580 169580 1 156826 12753 4565 8188

172697 172697 155756 16941 4258 12683

167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369

171210 171210 .. .. .. ..

3.8 3.8 x 3.3 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 93

IEA North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

136858 136858 136858 -

173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925

132441 132441 -1 122423 10019 3586 6433

134932 134932 121622 13310 3345 9965

130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576

132927 132927 .. .. .. ..

2.3 2.3 x 1.9 -

2662475 2662475 1412457 1250018 615830 634188

2809406 2809406 1334085 1475321 760093 715228

2771449 2771449 573085 2198364 1614229 584135

2752433 2752433 590403 2162030 1507914 654116

2666861 2666861 459269 2207592 1661714 545878

2666367 2666367 -1 467162 2199206 1605330 593876

2552519 2552519 .. .. .. .. ..

0.0 0.0 x -6.3 3.4 5.8 -0.4

30674 30674 30674 -

42788 42788 42788 -

124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423

155682 155682 1 76118 79563 79451 112

164703 164703 83755 80948 80398 550

179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739

193732 193732 .. .. .. .. ..

11.0 11.0 x 6.2 -

276 276 276 -

516 516 516 -

696 696 696 -

696 696 696 -

696 696 696 -

696 696 696 -

700 700 .. -

5.6 5.6 5.6 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

88273 88273 88273 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

94 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822

11509 11509 9930 1579 917 662

11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771

10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137

10194 10194 .. .. .. ..

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4063000 49000 26000 4138000 -8000 4146000 4146000

4642000 79000 79000 4800000 -365000 5165000 5165000

11909198 472155 55290 12436643 -357 12437000 12437000

14849854 2204897 -402645 16652106 106 16652000 16652000

20200879 1703657 -223552 21680984 -16 21681000 21681000

28387615 1942038 -463980 29865673 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

20667 20667 -333 21000 21000

302622 193 302815 -185 303000 303000

834800 269 835069 69 835000 835000

1632750 681 1633431 -569 1634000 1634000

2275140 -1206640 1068500 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

565420 565420 119576 445844 445844 -

430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -

177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -

186296 186296 .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 95

IEA Europe

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

96 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Europe Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Gas 16.1% Waste 0.3%

Hydro 41.6%

Nuclear 12.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 93.8%

Renewables 5.7%

Biogas 1.4% Other(3) 4.4% Oil 37.6%

Renew. Mun. Waste 4.8%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 54.0%

Coal 27.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1,602 Mtoe

90.77 Mtoe

49.03 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.3%

Nuclear 13.2% Gas 24.6% Hydro 27.6% Renewables 8.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 60.8%

Biogas 6.3% Liquid Biomass 10.2%

Coal 18.3% Oil 34.7%

Other(3) 11.6%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1,822 Mtoe

152.43 Mtoe

92.68 Mtoe

Renew. Mun. Waste 8.3%

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 800 700 600 TWh

500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 97

IEA Europe 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1602.41 90.77

1650.21 103.34

1732.48 117.11

1830.57 133.91

1839.14 141.10

1822.11 152.43

1813.79 156.84

0.8 3.1

2.3

5.7

6.3

6.8

7.3

7.7

8.4

8.6

7219.11

7826.72

9057.15

9915.67

10227.81

10520.80

10631.10

2.2

0.22

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.17

0.17

-1.4

116

110

100

97

94

91

89

-1.4

497.30

510.04

521.24

536.46

539.52

542.67

544.86

0.5

3.22

3.24

3.32

3.41

3.41

3.36

3.33

0.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

2627.5

2839.2

3192.1

3476.0

3521.1

3565.0

3568.8

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

458.79

523.53

598.11

627.95

644.45

694.96

733.49

2.5

17.5

18.4

18.7

18.1

18.3

19.5

20.6

0.6

241.3

263.0

290.2

306.8

313.2

319.4

..

1.7

0.00

0.21

0.70

3.12

5.43

7.85

..

64.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

1.0

1.7

2.5

..

61.3

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

165525

181721

202777

245783

260070

272350

..

3.0

Hydro

159450

171991

179424

182224

184342

185417

..

0.9

29462

35874

37839

37861

39356

39783

..

1.8

517

498

622

701

720

723

..

2.0

12

62

201

1773

3247

4796

..

42.2

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

1

13

13

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

471

2449

12766

40750

47907

56591

..

32.5

Industrial waste

420

682

1082

240

196

464

..

0.6

Municipal waste

1142

1662

2342

5485

6020

5814

..

10.0

Solid biomass

3029

3669

4936

10820

13357

14185

..

9.5

244

468

1162

2792

3197

3702

..

17.3

Solar thermal

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

756

830

541

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

4442

7818

19661

30616

34040

37430

..

13.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

3110

5473

13763

21433

23829

26200

..

13.4

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

98 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Europe 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

484380

555349

641785

681274

698354

748268

786098

2.6

Hydro

459056

515291

564829

517385

510909

524712

539117

0.8

19912

22646

30116

37980

37346

35504

34006

3.5

3306

3564

4861

5491

5709

5929

5828

3.5

13

45

128

1467

2505

3779

6909

39.6

-

-

-

-

-

8

37

-

Tide, wave, ocean

571

568

573

534

519

519

513

-0.6

Wind

778

4078

22316

70905

82931

105230

120083

33.5

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

Industrial waste

2955

5131

6265

3546

3346

3963

4132

1.7

Municipal waste renew.

2849

4381

8210

12539

13878

15406

15931

10.4 10.0

2723

4041

7291

11795

13216

13844

14467

11138

15663

20722

41316

46393

52633

55409

9.6

991

2587

6590

13522

15446

18767

20053

18.9

-

-

-

2774

3502

3478

3619

-

Electricity only plants

472072

537031

616261

625288

633049

695496

..

2.3

Hydro

459056

515291

564829

517385

510909

524712

..

0.8

19912

22646

30116

37980

37346

35504

..

3.5

3306

3564

4861

5491

5709

5929

..

3.5

13

45

128

1467

2505

3779

..

39.6

-

-

-

-

-

8

..

-

571

568

573

534

519

519

..

-0.6

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

778

4078

22316

70905

82931

105230

..

33.5

Industrial waste

2654

4474

4541

1180

1156

1203

..

-4.5

Municipal waste renew.

1872

2689

5183

4461

4411

7978

..

8.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

1890

2675

4932

4476

4452

7794

..

8.7

Solid biomass

1487

2071

3463

10921

11489

21067

..

16.9

445

1576

5435

6915

7051

15120

..

23.0

-

-

-

1553

1917

2157

..

-

12308

18318

25524

55986

65305

52772

..

8.9

Wind

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

301

657

1724

2366

2190

2760

..

13.9

Municipal waste renew.

977

1692

3027

8078

9467

7428

..

12.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

833

1366

2359

7319

8764

6050

..

12.4

9651

13592

17259

30395

34904

31566

..

7.2

546

1011

1155

6607

8395

3647

..

11.8

-

-

-

1221

1585

1321

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 99

IEA Europe (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

175231

232267

340768

368684

396855

422358

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1503

1813

1822

1924

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

52

..

Industrial waste

..

6501

13949

6050

5936

11288

11233

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

48755

56342

74964

76053

81478

85750

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

41961

47352

66294

67843

62748

65858

..

Solid biomass

..

75565

111209

182127

206295

210338

229225

..

Gas from biomass

..

2047

2684

6727

6420

7385

6966

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3048

4275

21744

21350

-

CHP plants

..

108616

150338

234994

260911

290553

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

2618

6004

4675

5252

10026

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

35168

41561

59751

62437

65482

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

31778

34765

51339

53417

49322

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37588

66307

113204

132087

143637

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

1464

1701

5022

4662

4983

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1003

3056

17103

..

-

Heat only plants

..

66615

81929

105774

107773

106302

..

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1503

1813

1822

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

55

49

52

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3883

7945

1375

684

1262

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

13587

14781

15213

13616

15996

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

10183

12587

14955

14426

13426

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

68923

74208

66701

..

..

Gas from biomass

..

583

983

1705

1758

2402

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2045

1219

4641

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

16550

18990

20033

25353

26351

24241

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21675

18232

17595

17787

17022

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6525

5624

5148

5249

5146

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

7425

12906

13813

12365

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

100 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

Wind

42072 42072 -40847 -1225 489208 489208 -

9050 9050 -8517 -533 105230 105230 -

Tide wave ocean

45 45 -45 519 519 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

325 325 -315 -10 3780 3780 -

Geothermal

6927 6927 -5107 -78 -5 1737 13 1 12 1725 1335 137 36 2 214 5929 5929 1822 1822

Solar thermal

1334 1334 -2 -1 1331 128 1 126 1203 1044 100 13 46 8 8 52 52

Industrial waste

2734 4 2738 -1 -244 -227 -162 -702 -18 -22 -3 -8 1352 1318 31 366 25 641 1 97 80 8 70 34 33 3963 1203 2760 11288 10026 1262

Mun. waste renew.

7645 14 7659 -1 -1911 -1166 -1911 -1462 -264 -243 700 100 34 1 17 3 45 601 10 587 4 15407 7978 7429 81478 65482 15996

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 101

IEA Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

6979 14 6992 -2008 -1077 -1618 -1197 -230 -202 660 94 63 6 24 566 6 557 2 13844 7794 6050 62748 49322 13426

Wood/ wood waste

67508 2824 -657 -18 69657 -5 -5317 -1039 -4843 -3917 -1828 -69 -226 -1 52412 18180 5 115 6 769 1 31 1 809 11173 3069 114 65 2024 34231 32028 672 1525 7 52633 21067 31566 210338 143637 66701

Charcoal

144 -41 103 121 224 15 15 209 206 3 -

Landfill gas

2724 2724 -2 -651 -1785 -72 -60 -36 -1 -10 106 20 20 86 85 8800 8173 627 2176 902 1274

Sludge gas

958 958 -91 -338 -205 -14 -4 -73 232 28 4 14 9 204 202 2 2274 135 2139 2021 1407 614

Other biogas

2131 2131 -1686 -80 -110 -139 -13 -4 -2 99 75 1 60 10 4 24 6 16 2 7693 6812 881 3188 2674 514

Biogasoline

1140 211 -139 -21 1191 -3 1188 1188 1188 -

Biodiesel

6283 970 -468 -39 6745 -63 6683 6643 6643 39 39 -

Other liquid biofuels

1476 34 1511 -446 -118 -116 -641 -79 -73 38 6 6 15 15 17 1 13 3 3478 2157 1321 21744 17103 4641

Total renew. & waste sources

159331 4215 -1305 -78 162162 -75 -67094 -7353 -9170 -8323 -2561 -622 -105 -80 -18 66762 19977 36 492 31 1507 1 33 1 899 11303 3152 123 65 2334 7846 7846 38939 34668 2383 1603 2 280 712766 659993 52773 396855 290553 106302

Share in total energy sources

15.0% 0.3% 0.2% x 8.9% x x x x x x x x x x 5.2% 6.2% 0.1% 0.9% 0.2% 3.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 3.0% 29.6% 47.0% 1.5% 0.8% 5.0% 2.3% 2.5% 7.8% 11.7% 1.7% 5.3% 0.1% 0.9% 20.0% 22.7% 8.1% 15.5% 14.6% 18.7%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

102 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

154211 154211 119188 3 35020 35020

173783 173783 128885 9 44889 44889

229440 229440 176215 27 53198 273 52925

269861 269861 200667 28 69166 484 68682

279395 279395 209173 4 70218 513 69705

290083 290083 217321 3 72759 543 72216

286334 286334 213656 3 72675 .. ..

3.8 3.8 3.6 x 4.4 4.3

7215 7215 1 6 7208 335 6873

17013 17013 2 6 17005 1622 15383

28117 28117 24 28093 4079 24014

43928 43928 57 1 43870 5152 38718

48515 48515 51 48464 5181 43283

55854 55854 124 1 55729 5364 50365

60986 60986 398 .. 60588 .. ..

12.8 12.8 x 19.5 12.8 17.7 12.4

80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892

120182 120182 58837 6774 54571 52540 2031

132682 -29 132653 81160 8857 42636 40509 2127

87276 7 -12 87271 36897 584 49790 48574 1216

94720 15 -30 94705 35011 338 99 59257 58061 1196

114493 157 1 114651 25 57567 116 340 56603 55200 1403

118542 -95 118447 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.1 x 2.1 x 3.4 -20.1 x 1.8 1.9 -1.7

97829 97829 1 96222 34 1572 19 1553

124915 124915 1420 118467 49 4979 21 4958

176581 3 176584 -1 163747 4 12834 748 12086

243357 243357 58 218564 24735 3876 20859

256910 3 256913 56 231541 25316 3406 21910

320144 570 320714 55 291332 29327 4171 25156

335358 266 335624 .. .. .. .. ..

7.2 x 7.2 x 6.7 18.8 37.3 17.8

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 103

IEA Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

114711 114711 1422 109049 49 4191 5 4186

158489 3 158492 147009 4 11479 513 10966

230748 230748 15 208819 21914 2713 19201

248391 248391 15 224562 23814 3610 20204

292233 570 292803 13 265153 27637 3951 23686

307609 266 307875 .. .. .. .. ..

7.2 x 7.2 x 6.6 23.1 44.0 22.1

1911246 5294 8628 1925168 1 122022 6 1803139 552507 1 1250631

2145123 14809 762 2160694 47 211015 3 1949629 608243 1 1341385

2307130 25577 -638 2332069 -2 277778 132 2054161 676167 1377994

2639130 71042 -382 2709790 48 581662 162 2127918 697285 30 1430603

2742002 96698 -200 2838500 -1 648770 13 6 2189712 737559 15 1452138

2826973 90730 -741 2916962 213 721900 57 2194792 761309 7 1433476

2793928 85857 -845 2878940 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.3 18.2 x 2.5 x 11.0 14.2 x 1.2 1.9 12.1 0.8

4055 4055 2516 1539 1281 258

15514 15514 1 13392 1 2120 597 1523

59187 59187 54017 64 5106 2734 2372

108387 108387 1 104849 410 3127 754 2373

107722 107722 1 103199 17 430 4075 715 3360

114050 114050 104 109036 31 436 4443 857 3586

113169 113169 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

21.7 21.7 x 24.8 x 6.4 -2.3 16.7

11509 11509 5318 6191 79 6112

16716 16716 -1 9543 7174 95 7079

29623 29623 18510 11113 3214 7899

38429 38429 25362 3594 9473 816 8657

38232 38232 -2 24963 3304 10 9957 1106 8851

40107 40107 -1 27307 3067 8 9726 1175 8551

41172 41172 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.6 7.6 x 10.1 x 2.7 17.2 2.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

90228 90228 89389 34 805 8 797

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

104 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

14074 14074 6668 7406 7364 42

18083 18083 1 11798 24 6260 6091 169

9031 9031 2 5482 4 3543 3242 301

40682 40682 1 36125 57 4499 4060 439

55714 55714 -2 51332 44 4340 3470 870

89252 89252 85028 79 4145 3147 998

99944 99944 .. .. .. .. ..

11.5 11.5 x 16.2 -3.4 -4.9 20.5

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

92500 92500 1500 91000 91000

838779 38537 1433 878749 7749 871000 871000

1290479 78566 -2064 1366981 8981 1358000 1358000

1760168 109817 -32999 1836986 3986 1833000 1833000

2298048 347873 -10157 2635764 .. .. ..

x x -

-

200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000

697081 11522 708603 603 708000 708000

3113310 -253075 -7657 2852578 3578 2849000 2849000

5318746 -204120 -48532 5066094 -51906 5118000 5075000

7046597 556890 -44577 7558910 69910 7489000 7445000

8259050 971325 -36248 9194127 .. .. ..

x x -

7153 7153 7153 2146 5007

12844 12844 12844 6357 6487

19666 19666 19666 10030 9636

533638 309664 -80 843222 815286 27936 518 15318 12100

706256 361217 -197 1067276 22 1022040 45214 11823 20524 12867

1629999 39090 -189 1668900 1626891 42009 6749 16564 18696

1317486 92005 -189 1409302 .. .. .. .. ..

37.6 x 37.8 x 11.0 12.8 8.1

46 11 57 57 57

68 13 81 81 81

84 52 136 136 28 108

106 61 167 167 20 147

135 78 213 213 21 192

164 140 304 304 20 284

168 146 314 .. .. ..

7.8 16.1 10.3 10.3 9.9

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 105

Australia

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

106 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Australia Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 17.1% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Oil 36.2%

Hydro 24.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0%

Renewables 5.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 74.4%

Other(3) 1.6% Coal 40.6%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

86 Mtoe

5.07 Mtoe

3.78 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 20.4% Oil 29.8%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 76.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 92.8%

Renewables 5.5%

Biogas 5.3%

Other(3) 5.3%

Coal 44.1%

Liquid Biomass 2.0%

Hydro 18.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

124 Mtoe

6.87 Mtoe

5.27 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 25

TWh

20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 107

Australia 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

86.23 5.07

92.56 5.53

108.93 6.39

120.77 6.54

122.62 6.45

124.07 6.87

129.00 6.77

2.2 1.8

-0.4

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.2

280.99

330.09

399.61

471.15

486.16

507.75

520.20

3.5

0.31

0.28

0.27

0.26

0.25

0.24

0.25

-1.3

113

103

100

94

93

90

91

-1.3

17.17

18.19

19.27

20.53

20.82

21.14

21.13

1.2

5.02

5.09

5.65

5.88

5.89

5.87

6.11

0.9

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

154.3

173.0

207.4

245.1

251.3

254.6

265.3

3.0

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

14.75

16.59

17.90

18.30

19.46

19.05

18.47

1.5

9.6

9.6

8.6

7.5

7.7

7.5

7.0

-1.4

18.7

19.9

22.3

23.9

23.2

23.2

..

1.3

-

-

-

0.01

0.06

0.10

..

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.2

0.4

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07 1.6

Total capacity

8653 e

8954

9657

10827

10915

11381

..

Hydro

8321

8564

9201

9285

9285

9317

..

0.7

940

940

1490

1490

1490

1490

..

2.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

5

6

7

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

2

33

740

819

1249

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

332 e

381 e

332

532

535

535

..

2.8 -

of which: pumped storage

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

7 e

90

265

270

273

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

5298 e

5298

5298

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

3709 e

3709

3709

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

108 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Australia 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total electricity

15480

16939 e

18260

18653

19787

19376

18797

1.3

Hydro

14880

16239

17137

15886

16028

14724

12426

-0.1 -4.6

1

90-07

732

354

360

355

328

328

328

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

7

9

10

10

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

7

58

885

1713

2611

3285

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

670 e

685

1110

1095

1100

1915

3.6

of which: pumped storage

600

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

23

379

765

942

931

1161

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

14880

16269

17575

17422

18467

18056

..

1.1

Hydro

14880

16239

17137

15886

16028

14724

..

-0.1

732

354

360

355

328

328

..

-4.6

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

7

9

10

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

7

58

885

1713

2611

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

179

160

150

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

23

379

465

557

561

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

685

1231

1320

1320

..

4.7

CHP plants

600

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

685

931

935

950

..

2.7

Solid biomass

600

670 e

670 e

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

300

385

370

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 109

Australia (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

110 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Australia 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1238 1238 -1214 -24 14396 14396 -

Wind

225 225 -225 2611 2611 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 10 10 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

142 142 142 142 54 89 -

Industrial waste

101 101 101 101 98 3 -

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 111

Australia 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

4887 4887 -111 -751 4024 2529 21 56 2007 220 225 1495 1487 8 1100 150 950 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

278 278 -173 -5 -100 931 561 370 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

-

Biogasoline

-

42 42 42 42 42 -

Biodiesel

62 62 62 62 62 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

6976 6976 -1724 -29 -851 4371 2630 119 56 2010 220 225 104 104 1637 1541 97 19048 17728 1320 -

Share in total energy sources

2.4% 5.6% x x x 5.8% 9.9% 5.4% 0.6% 55.7% 16.9% 64.5% 0.4% 0.5% 9.0% 15.1% 1.6% 7.5% 7.4% 9.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

112 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Australia 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3405 3405 3405 3405

3331 3331 3331 3331

3418 3418 3418 3418

2623 2623 2623 2623

2432 2432 2432 2432

5948 5948 5948 5948

6526 6526 6526 ..

3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

7767 7767 7767 7767 -

7823 7823 7823 7823 -

7490 7490 7490 7490 -

4273 4273 4273 4273 -

4345 4345 4345 4345 -

4236 4236 4236 4236 -

4454 4454 .. .. -

-3.5 -3.5 -3.5 -3.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 113

Australia 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

197572 e 197572 23310 174262 e 95543 e 78719

201767 201767 37184 164583 103982 60601

191309 191309 36052 155257 103341 51916

204659 204659 36134 168525 105907 62618

205029 205029 .. .. .. ..

1.5 1.5 1.2 1.6 4.0 -1.0

5780 e 5780 e 5780 e -

9900 9900 9900 -

11100 11100 11100 -

11643 11643 11643 -

11643 11643 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

158108 158108 29683 e 128425 e 54325 e 74100

170313 170313 24120 146193 64493 81700

e

e

e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

676 676 676 -

-

-

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

114 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Australia 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

16892 16892 -108 17000 17000

59242 59242 242 59000 59000

65561 65561 -439 66000 66000

117420 117420 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

19110 3000 22110 110 22000 22000

70070 70070 70 70000 70000

45760 45760 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 115

Austria

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

116 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Austria Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.8%

Gas 20.9%

Renewables 20.2%

Hydro 54.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 98.8%

Coal 16.5%

Oil 41.7%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 45.6%

Other(3) 0.4%

Renew. Mun. Waste 1.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

25 Mtoe

5.01 Mtoe

2.29 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 2.0%

Renewables 23.7%

Gas 21.0%

Coal 11.7%

Hydro 39.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 90.0%

Other(3) 4.0%

Biogas 0.9% Liquid Biomass 6.8%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.6%

Oil 39.9%

Renew. Mun. Waste 2.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

33 Mtoe

7.86 Mtoe

4.45 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 50 45 40

TWh

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 117

Austria 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

24.78 5.01

26.70 5.85

28.52 6.59

33.72 7.12

34.15 7.58

33.18 7.86

32.30 7.57

1.7 2.7

0.9

20.2

21.9

23.1

21.1

22.2

23.7

23.4

149.06

165.04

191.20

207.74

214.75

221.33

225.30

2.4

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.16

0.16

0.15

0.14

-0.6

111

108

100

109

107

101

96

-0.6

Population (millions)

7.68

7.95

8.01

8.23

8.28

8.32

8.28

0.5

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.23

3.36

3.56

4.10

4.12

3.99

3.90

1.3

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

49.3

55.2

59.9

63.0

60.8

60.9

64.1

1.3

32.64

38.90

43.52

39.35

39.56

41.61

44.18

1.4

66.2

70.5

72.7

62.5

65.1

68.3

69.0

0.2

4.4

5.0

6.0

8.0

7.7

7.8

..

3.3

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.06

0.13

0.24

..

33.6

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.7

1.7

3.1

..

29.3

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

11353

11856

12515

13790

13987

15261

..

1.8

Hydro

10947

11304

11664

11811

11853

12009

..

0.5

3556

3571

3572

3580

3580

3580

..

0.0

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

2

..

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

1

5

22

35

35

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

54

827

969

977

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

6

6

12

364

364

432

..

28.6

400

544

780

766

766

1699

..

8.9

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

92

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

15

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

434

1241

2100

3009

3312

3667

..

13.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

304

869

1470

2106

2318

2567

..

13.4

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

118 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Austria 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

Total electricity

33687

40386

45298

42538

42857

Hydro

32507

38477

43498

38612

37664

998

1410

1658

2738

2786

1

of which: pumped storage

2008e

90-07

44670 e

47742

1.7

38485

40397

1.0

2492

2733

5.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

2

3

3

2

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

3

14

15

17

17

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

67

1328

1752

2015

1988

-

Industrial waste

38

48

72

221

238

313

492

13.2

Municipal waste renew.

10

15

24

100

231

237 e

308

20.5

16

24

46

225

272

260

338

17.8

1116

1766

1517

1930

2553

3182 e

3609

6.4

Gas from biomass

-

54

71

67

69

85

555

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

39

60

73

36

-

Electricity only plants

33040

39227

44145

40983

41041

42535 e

..

1.5

Hydro

32507

38477

43498

38612

37664

38485

..

1.0

998

1410

1658

2738

2786

2492

..

5.5 -

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

2

3

3

..

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

3

14

15

17

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

67

1328

1752

2015

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

44

41

43

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

9

85

219

104

..

-

225 e

..

-

-

-

15

201

242

229

..

-

533

723

441

636

1020

1369 e

..

5.7

Gas from biomass

-

25

68

40

46

43

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

24

37

45

..

-

647

1159

1153

1555

1816

2135

..

7.3

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

38

48

28

180

195

209

..

10.5

Municipal waste renew.

10

15

15

15

12

12

..

1.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

16

24

31

24

30

31

..

4.0

583

1043

1076

1294

1533

1813

..

6.9

Gas from biomass

-

29

3

27

23

42

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

15

23

28

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 119

Austria (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

3939

7644

10463

19811

22094

26803

27741

11.9

Geothermal

-

32

378

562

562

517

533

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

749

966

642

521

540

720

745

-0.2 3.5

Industrial waste

679

1065

1056

1133

1117

1216

1259

Municipal waste non-renew.

1107

1739

1723

1827

2545

2467

2553

4.8

Solid biomass

1404

3645

6664

15295

16510

20899

21631

17.2

Gas from biomass

-

197

-

200

389

462

478

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

273

431

522

542

-

Municipal waste renew.

of which: CHP plants

2094

3041

2366

6520

9872

14173

..

11.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

749

966

642

519

538

718

..

-0.2

Municipal waste renew.

511

626

606

643

608

624

..

1.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

834

1022

989

1027

1023

1502

..

3.5

Solid biomass

-

230

129

3858

7078

10555

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

197

-

200

194

252

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

273

431

522

..

-

1845

4603

8097

13291

12222

12630

..

12.0

Geothermal

-

32

378

562

562

517

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

2

2

2

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

168

439

450

490

509

592

..

7.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

273

717

734

800

1522

965

..

7.7

Heat only plants

1404

3415

6535

11437

9432

10344

..

12.5

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

195

210

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

120 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Austria 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3095 3095 -2999 -97 35993 35993 -

Wind

173 173 -173 2015 2015 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 17 17 -

Geothermal

32 32 -2 -25 6 6 6 3 3 517 517

Solar thermal

106 106 106 106 67 39 1 -

Industrial waste

475 475 -12 -22 -22 -27 392 375 138 174 3 58 1 1 17 17 313 104 209 720 718 2

Mun. waste renew.

103 103 -29 -35 -21 -18 237 225 12 1216 624 592

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 121

Austria 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

172 172 -33 -56 -49 -6 -29 260 229 31 2467 1502 965

Wood/ wood waste

3902 e 412 -317 3997 -176 e -182 -323 -238 -294 2783 910 33 6 7 4 462 328 26 1 42 1873 1583 88 202 3182 1369 e 1813 20899 10555 10344

Charcoal

8 8 8 8 5 3 -

Landfill gas

5 5 -1 -4 15 15 -

Sludge gas

6 6 -1 -1 4 4 4 7 2 5 37 37 -

Other biogas

30 30 -4 -3 -8 -3 -7 6 6 4 2 63 26 37 425 215 210

Biogasoline

6 23 -6 -6 17 17 17 17 -

Biodiesel

133 164 -76 -9 212 212 212 212 e -

Other liquid biofuels

73 73 -1 -15 -2 -31 -3 21 10 10 10 10 73 45 28 522 522 -

Total renew. & waste sources

8312 607 -399 -15 8505 -1 -3445 -401 -455 -278 -373 3555 1295 175 180 7 8 467 386 27 1 43 239 239 2020 1655 153 213 42178 40043 2135 26803 14173 12630

Share in total energy sources

76.2% 2.1% 6.3% x 25.6% x x x x x x 13.2% 17.3% 19.4% 19.0% 1.4% 1.5% 30.6% 56.0% 4.9% 0.9% 15.1% 2.8% 3.1% 21.8% 26.8% 6.2% 34.9% 69.2% 79.5% 20.2% 42.2% 32.1% 65.2%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

122 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Austria 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1455 1455 1196 259 259

1436 1436 1196 240 240

1344 1344 1104 240 240

1386 1386 1138 248 ..

13.7 13.7 2.8 2.8

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)

151 151 151 151

Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

205 e 205 e 64 e 141 141

962 962 756 e 206 206

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)

621 621 621 621

1494 1494 1494 1494

2662 2662 2662 2662

3816 3816 3816 3816

4157 4157 4157 4157

4457 4457 4457 4457

4829 4829 4829 ..

12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3

6576 6576 2542 4034 2924 1110

7005 7005 1929 5076 4556 520

7671 7671 1589 6082 5521 561

13236 13236 2509 10727 10040 687

17539 17539 2687 14852 14123 729

19901 19901 3480 16421 15692 729

25402 25402 .. .. .. ..

6.7 6.7 1.9 8.6 10.4 -2.4

917 917 917 -

1486 1486 1486 -

1714 1714 1714 -

2398 2398 2398 -

4217 4217 4217 -

3215 3215 .. -

9.5 9.5 9.5 -

Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

4322 e 4322 e 4322 e -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 123

Austria 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2425 2425 2425 -

2796 2796 2796 -

4768 4768 4768 -

6855 6855 6855 -

7221 7221 7221 -

5716 5716 .. -

9.7 9.7 9.7 -

92789 2053 -545 94297 7529 86768 22444 1 64323

105661 928 190 106779 17904 88875 19901 1 68973

119295 -2069 117226 20594 96632 29161 67471

154579 -3819 150760 35837 114923 26925 87998

158204 7973 166177 44445 121732 34843 86889

141735 1374 143109 .. .. .. ..

3.4 4.0 x 3.4 11.9 1.8 3.2 1.2

-

195 195 146 49 49

442 442 442 -

346 346 346 -

375 375 375 -

203 203 203 -

195 195 .. -

-

-

619 619 619 -

468 468 110 358 358 -

267 267 114 153 153 -

191 191 40 151 151 -

244 244 82 162 162 -

234 234 .. .. .. -

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1497 1497 1497 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

163383 e 4002 167385 e 50839 e 116546 38107 78439

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

124 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Austria 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

35 35 35 -

365 365 219 146 146 -

677 677 472 205 205 -

1061 1061 839 222 222 -

1254 1254 1018 236 236 -

1444 1444 .. .. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

10031 26990 -9988 27033 33 27000 27000

39192 47144 -1391 84945 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

6280 50584 -5000 51864 -136 52000 52000

29077 119476 -14000 134553 -447 135000 135000

151733 101012 -9911 242834 -166 e 243000 e 243000 e

106568 202952 -18800 290720 .. .. ..

x x -

7153 7153 7153 2146 5007

12844 12844 12844 6357 6487

19666 19666 19666 10030 9636

55260 55260 30677 24583 12537 12046

73032 73032 48449 24583 12537 12046

82778 82778 58848 23930 12204 11726

177571 177571 .. .. .. ..

15.5 15.5 7.4 10.8 5.1

7 7 7 7

9 9 9 9

10 10 10 10

11 11 11 11

12 12 12 12

11 11 11 11

13 13 .. ..

2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 125

Belgium

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

126 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Belgium Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.6%

Gas 16.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.5%

Nuclear 23.1%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 73.9%

Renewables 1.0%

Other(3) 0.7%

Oil 37.1%

Biogas 1.4% Renew. Mun. Waste 24.7%

Hydro 4.8%

Coal 21.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

48 Mtoe

0.48 Mtoe

0.45 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 1.2% Nuclear 22.0% Gas 26.2%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.4%

Renewables 2.7%

Biogas 5.7% Other(3) 3.3%

Coal 7.4% Oil 39.5%

Liquid Biomass 9.6% Renew. Mun. Waste 9.4%

Hydro 2.2%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

57 Mtoe

1.52 Mtoe

1.44 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 7 6

TWh

5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 127

Belgium 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

48.24 0.48

53.73 0.53

58.50 0.64

58.68 1.16

58.11 1.36

57.02 1.52

57.76 1.79

1.0 7.0

6.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.1

187.54

202.96

231.93

251.32

258.83

265.96

269.80

2.1

0.26

0.26

0.25

0.23

0.22

0.21

0.21

-1.1

102

105

100

93

89

85

85

-1.1

Population (millions)

9.97

10.14

10.25

10.47

10.54

10.62

10.61

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.84

5.30

5.71

5.60

5.51

5.37

5.44

0.6

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

70.3

73.5

82.8

85.7

84.3

87.5

83.1

1.3

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.56

0.67

1.04

2.11

2.95

3.49

4.44

11.4

0.8

0.9

1.3

2.5

3.5

4.0

5.3

10.0

6.5

7.1

7.7

8.2

8.0

8.1

..

1.3

-

-

-

-

-

0.09

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.1

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

1605 e

1707 e

1730 e

2182 e

2287

2406

..

2.4

Hydro

1401

1403

1413

1412 e

1414

1417

..

0.1

1307

1307

1310

1307 e

1307

1307

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

2

2

20

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

5

5

14

212

276

..

26.6

Industrial waste

120 e

139 e

139

17

3

22

..

-9.5

Municipal waste

52 e

135 e

97

139

196

177

..

7.5

Solid biomass

26 e

23 e

47

294

307

329

..

16.1

Gas from biomass

1 e

2 e

20 e

56

53

68

..

28.2

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

95

100

97

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

34

36

41

77

110

139

..

8.6

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

24

25

29

54

77

97

..

8.6

of which: pumped storage

167 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

128 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Belgium 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2281 e

3051

4082 e

5101 e

5821

6862

7.8

897

1230

1699

1604 e

1628 e

1683

1756

3.8

631

892

1239

1316 e

1269 e

1294

1346

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

2

6

40

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

7

9

16

366

491

622

28.4

Total electricity

1627 e

1995

Hydro of which: pumped storage

227 e

Industrial waste

231

441

385

136

109 e

533

530

5.0

Municipal waste renew.

140 e

187 e

306

326

319

297

350

4.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

210 e

280 e

383

524 e

771

508

550

5.3

Solid biomass

135

121

164

960 e

1406

1818

2404

16.5

Gas from biomass

7

13

98

223 e

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

274 e

289

305

24.5

81

226

196

305

-

of which: 2281 e

2533

3399 e

4296 e

5145

..

7.0

897

1230

1699

1604 e

1628 e

1683

..

3.8

631

892

1239

1316 e

1269 e

1294

..

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

2

6

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

7

9

16

366

491

..

28.4

Electricity only plants

1627 e

Hydro of which: pumped storage

227 e

Industrial waste

231

441

72

114

Municipal waste renew.

140 e

187 e

290

224

Municipal waste non-renew.

210 e

280 e

367

378 e

Solid biomass

135

121

11

668 e

Gas from biomass

7

13

78

103 e

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

518

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

313

22

23

92

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

16

102

130

3

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

16

146

208

15

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

153

292 e

327

398

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

20

120 e

111 e

122

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1

6

46

..

-

80 683 e

86 e

441

..

3.9

294

..

4.5

563

493

..

5.1

1079

1420

..

14.8

163 e

167

..

20.5

220

150

..

-

805 e

676

..

-

189

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 129

Belgium (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

Total heat

411

241

885

Geothermal

43

53

53

51

-

-

-

68

14

97

Solar thermal Industrial waste

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2660

297

315

-1.9

74

61

70

2.1

-

-

-

-

-

277

208

-

-

-

3607 e

Municipal waste renew.

120 e

70 e

347

1284 e

909

13

10

-12.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

180 e

104 e

347

1842 e

1305

65

65

-5.8

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

4

56

60

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

41

153

160 e

99

101

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

3

9

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

389

2485

236

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

78

277

208

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

135

1232 e

871

13

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

135

1767 e

1250

65

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

4

56

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

41

153

152

99

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

..

-

411

241

496

178

175

61

..

-10.6

43

53

53

51

74

61

..

2.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

68

14

19

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste

3429 e

Municipal waste renew.

120 e

70 e

212

52

38

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

180 e

104 e

212

75

55

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

8 e

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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130 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Belgium 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

33 33 -33 389 389 -

Wind

42 42 -42 -1 491 491 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 6 6 -

Geothermal

3 3 -3 61 61

Solar thermal

5 5 5 5 4 1 -

Industrial waste

390 390 -199 -100 91 86 86 4 4 533 441 92 -

Mun. waste renew.

135 135 -132 -3 297 294 3 13 13 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 131

Belgium 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

234 234 -221 -13 508 493 15 65 65 -

Wood/ wood waste

649 434 1083 -349 -20 -70 644 432 54 1 8 263 106 212 200 1 11 1818 1420 398 56 56 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

49 49 -2 -39 -7 181 153 28 20 20 -

Sludge gas

2 2 -1 5 5 -

Other biogas

31 31 -3 -11 -13 3 1 1 2 1 1 103 14 89 79 79 -

Biogasoline

-

Biodiesel

127 -40 87 87 87 87 -

Other liquid biofuels

34 18 51 -30 -1 -2 -9 10 6 6 4 1 3 196 150 46 3 3 -

Total renew. & waste sources

1735 452 -40 2146 -2 -1045 -6 -156 -93 -3 840 525 6 140 1 9 263 106 87 87 227 204 8 15 4527 3851 676 297 236 61

Share in total energy sources

12.1% 0.6% 0.2% 3.8% x x x x x x 2.1% 4.8% 0.2% 12.1% 0.3% 0.9% 31.4% 43.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.8% 2.5% 0.2% 1.7% 5.2% 5.0% 6.1% 1.0% 0.9% 2.2%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

132 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Belgium 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

89 89 86 3 -

115 115 106 9 -

133 133 106 27 -

130 130 102 28 -

152 152 148 4 -

125 125 122 3 -

143 143 140 3 -

2.0 2.0 2.1 x -

35 35 35 35

39 39 39 39

43 43 43 43

113 113 113 113

138 138 138 138

193 193 193 193

270 270 270 ..

10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6

5499 5499 3314 e 2185 2185 -

9003 9003 5365 e 3638 3638 -

10911 10911 5705 e 5206 5206 -

8361 8361 3203 5158 4942 216

8231 8231 2815 e 5416 5202 214

16326 16326 12533 3793 3613 180

16300 16300 .. .. .. ..

6.6 6.6 8.1 3.3 3.0 -

4706 e 4706 e 4706 e -

5418 e 5418 e 5418 e -

5896 5896 5896 -

7841 7841 7841 -

7723 7723 7723 -

5635 5635 5635 -

7800 7800 .. -

1.1 1.1 1.1 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 133

Belgium 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

7633 7633 7633 -

12663 12663 12663 -

16935 16935 16935 -

9783 9783 9783 -

16000 16000 .. -

1.9 1.9 1.9 -

22104 11739 33843 -66 8131 e 25778 17734 8044

23845 16886 40731 12435 28296 19518 8778

27168 18170 45338 18354 26984 18108 8876

27000 25000 52000 .. .. .. ..

3.9 7.1 x 22.2 4.2 7.0 0.8

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

7058 e 7058 e 7058 e -

8126 e 8126 e 8126 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

14064 14064 608 e 13456 e 5696 e 7760

11249 3575 14824 600 14224 7123 7101

13347 4373 17720 766 16954 10593 6361

146 146 146 -

173 173 173 -

1002 1002 1002 -

2144 2144 2144 -

2135 2135 2135 -

2047 2047 104 1943 -

2150 2150 .. .. -

16.8 16.8 x 16.4 -

-

-

61 61 33 28 28

84 84 -1 15 70 40 30

54 54 17 37 37

68 68 55 13 13

70 70 .. .. ..

x -

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

134 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Belgium 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

123 123 123 123 -

288 288 288 288 -

144 144 45 99 99 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1289 1289 1146 143 57 86

1350 1350 .. .. .. ..

14.8 14.8 0.9 -4.4 -

-

-

10000 20000 30000 -

-

-

-

145086 -45949 99137 137 99000 99000

150000 -45000 105000 .. .. ..

x -

-

18757 649 19406 18838 568 514 54

32677 33080 65757 15 53098 12644 11823 821

37937 19811 57748 46940 10808 6749 4059

50000 25000 75000 .. .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

1 1 -

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1659 e 1659 e 689 e 970 907 63

1152 e 1152 e 712 e 440 328 112

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 135

Canada

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

136 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Canada Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Nuclear 9.3% Gas 26.2%

Renewables 16.2%

Hydro 75.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.2% Biogas 0.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 24.3%

Coal 11.6%

Renew. Mun. Waste 0.7%

Oil 36.7%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

209 Mtoe

33.72 Mtoe

8.20 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Nuclear 9.0% Gas 29.3%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 92.2%

Renewables 16.2%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 26.6%

Hydro 72.8%

Biogas 1.4%

Coal 11.2%

Liquid Biomass 5.7%

Other(3) 0.6%

Oil 35.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

269 Mtoe

43.52 Mtoe

11.58 Mtoe

Renew. Mun. Waste 0.6%

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 400 350 300 TWh

250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 137

Canada 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

208.68 33.72

230.91 38.73

251.16 42.42

271.68 43.55

269.20 42.38

269.37 43.52

267.43 43.97

1.5 1.5

-0.0

16.2

16.8

16.9

16.0

15.7

16.2

16.4

543.64

592.05

724.91

820.79

846.32

869.28

873.30

2.8

0.38

0.39

0.35

0.33

0.32

0.31

0.31

-1.3

111

113

100

96

92

89

88

-1.3

27.70

29.30

30.69

32.31

32.65

32.98

33.14

1.0

7.53

7.88

8.18

8.41

8.25

8.17

8.07

0.5

482.0

560.0

605.6

626.0

615.9

639.7

632.6

1.7

300.69

341.63

366.99

374.27

366.56

379.89

384.41

1.4

62.4

61.0

60.6

59.8

59.5

59.4

60.8

-0.3

33.0

35.8

39.2

42.3

42.4

44.2

..

1.7

-

-

0.13

0.17

0.14

0.66

..

-

-

-

0.3

0.4

0.3

1.5

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

Total capacity

60325 e

65799 e

68861 e

74388 e

76014

77112

..

1.5

Hydro

59381

64750

67407 e

71978

72838

73616

..

1.3

186

177

177 e

177

177

177

..

-0.3

of which: pumped storage

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

2

7

17

20

26

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

20

20 e

20

20

20

..

-

Wind

1

22

92 e

684

1460

1855

..

55.7

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

4 e

4 e

4 e

4 e

35

36

..

13.8

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

-

914 e

991 e

1227 e

1556

1505

1423

..

2.6

Gas from biomass

5 e

10 e

104 e

129

136

136

..

21.4

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

823 e

854 e

854 e

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

576 e

598 e

598 e

..

-

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

138 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Canada 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

300843 e

341791 e

367158 e

374437 e

366725 e

380054 e

384580

1.4

Hydro

296848

336034

358620

363736

355455

368518

372492

1.3

111

111

111

111

111

111

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

4

16 e

17

21

26

26

-

1

of which: pumped storage

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

-

-

26

33

-

59

-

-

-

99 e

99 e

3829

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

264

76 e 41 e

Municipal waste non-renew.

32 e

54 e 5465

54 e 7365

111 e

-

-

-

-

-

31

31

31

31

1.0

1471

2500

3024

3022

-

-

-

-

-

-

99

102

102

109

1.7

54

55

55

59

1.7

8298

7830

7528

8020

4.1

821

22.9

-

-

23 e

43 e

708 e

731 e

731 e

770 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

300726 e

341674 e

367041 e

374320 e

366610 e

379895 e

..

1.4

Hydro

296848

336034

358620

363736

355455

368518

..

1.3

111

111

111

111

111

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

4

16 e

17

21

26

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

26

33

31

31

31

..

1.0

Wind

-

59

264

1471

2500

3024

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

23 e

23 e

23

27

27

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

3829

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants

13 e 5465

32 e

111 e

13 e 7365

13

15

15

..

-

8298

7830

7528

..

4.1 22.5

23 e

43 e

708 e

731 e

731 e

726 e

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

117

115

..

1.8 -

117 e

117 e

117 e

159 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

76 e

76 e

76 e

76

75

75

..

-0.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

-0.1

41 e

41 e

41 e

41

40

40

..

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

44 e

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 139

Canada (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat

2014 e

1995

2014 e

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2014

1805

1976

-0.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

2014 e

2000

1855 e

1309 e

1309 e

1309 e

1309

1174

1174

1251

-0.6

705 e

705 e

705 e

705

631

631

672

-0.7

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

50 e

53

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

of which: 633

655

..

0.6

Geothermal

633 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

411 e

411 e

411 e

411

426

426

..

0.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

222 e

222 e

222 e

222

229

229

..

0.2

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

50 e

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1381

1150

1150

..

-1.1

CHP plants

1381 e

Heat only plants

633 e

1381 e

633 e

1381 e

705 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

898 e

898 e

898 e

898

748

748

..

-1.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

483 e

483 e

483 e

483

402

402

..

-1.1

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

140 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Canada 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

31683 31683 -29137 -2546 368407 368407 -

Wind

260 260 -260 3024 3024 -

Tide wave ocean

3 3 -3 31 31 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

2 2 -2 26 26 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

-

89 e 89 89 89 89 e -

Mun. waste renew.

73 73 -19 -20 -35 102 27 75 1174 426 748

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 141

Canada 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

39 39 -10 -11 -19 55 15 40 631 229 402

Wood/ wood waste

10675 10675 -1726 8949 7096 7096 1853 1853 7528 7528 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

150 150 -128 -11 -1 10 5 4 1 5 5 712 668 44 50 50 -

Sludge gas

e

e e

e

e

e

e e e

Other biogas

17 e 17 -17 e 58 58 e -

Biogasoline

-

414 257 -10 661 661 661 661 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

1 1 1 1 1 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

43405 258 -10 43653 -29402 -4446 -11 -31 -54 -1 9710 7190 4 90 7096 662 662 1858 1853 5 379943 379784 159 1855 705 1150

Share in total energy sources

10.5% 0.3% 16.2% x x x x x x 4.7% 12.5% 0.1% 7.7% 49.9% 1.1% 1.5% 2.8% 5.8% 0.0% 59.4% 60.3% 1.6% 5.2% 2.1% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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142 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Canada 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3800 3800 .. .. -

5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 -

3100 3100 .. -

1.2 1.2 1.2 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1563 1563 1563 1563 -

e

e

e e

3622 3622 3622 3622 -

e

e

e e

3162 3162 3162 3162 -

e

e

e e

3543 3543 3543 3543 -

e

e

e e

3725 3725 3725 3725 -

e

e

e e

3725 3725 3725 3725 -

e

e

e e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

2524 e 2524 e 2524 e -

3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -

3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -

3231 3231 3231 -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

3071 3071 3071 -

3071 3071 3071 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 143

Canada 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1654 1654 1654 -

1654 1654 1654 -

1700 1700 .. -

1.2 1.2 1.2 -

468866 468866 75167 393699 316099 77600

447008 447008 -1 72265 374744 297144 77600

450000 450000 .. .. .. .. ..

1.6 1.6 x 4.1 1.2 1.3 0.8

e

6300 6300 .. .. .. .. ..

-

696 e 696 e 696 e -

700 700 .. -

5.6 5.6 5.6 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1359 e 1359 e 1359 e -

1740 e 1740 e 1740 e -

1740 e 1740 e 1740 e -

1740 1740 1740 -

408164 408164 52464 e 355700 282976 72724

467640 467640 70704 e 396936 320138 76798

490194 490194 79665 410529 325697 84832

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

340703 340703 36758 e 303945 236650 67295

e

e e

e e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

-

7091 e 7091 e 7091 e -

7342 e 7342 e 7342 e -

7342 e 7342 e 7342 e -

276 e 276 e 276 e -

516 e 516 e 516 e -

696 e 696 e 696 e -

696 e 696 e 696 e -

696 e 696 e 696 e -

6286 6286 5808 50 428 222 206

e

e e e e e

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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144 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Canada 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

144000 64000 208000 208000 208000

201263 64850 266113 113 266000 266000

203255 12454 215709 -291 216000 216000

646345 386654 1032999 -1 1033000 1033000

689000 387000 1076000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

193 193 193 -

269 269 269 -

681 681 -319 1000 1000

1000 1000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

e e e e

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 145

Czech Republic

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

146 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Czech Republic Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Oil 17.9% Gas 10.8% Hydro 100.0% Nuclear 6.7% Renewables 0.2%

Coal 64.5%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

49 Mtoe

0.10 Mtoe

0.00 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Gas 15.6% Waste 0.4% Oil 20.9%

Hydro 8.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 91.6%

Nuclear 15.0% Other(3) 0.7% Renewables 4.7%

Biogas 3.9% Liquid Biomass 1.6% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 90.9%

Coal 46.5%

Renew. Mun. Waste 3.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

46 Mtoe

2.14 Mtoe

1.95 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 4.5 4 3.5

TWh

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 147

Czech Republic 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

48.75 0.10

40.90 0.60

40.25 0.61

44.90 1.79

45.85 1.93

45.76 2.14

45.45 2.14

-0.4 19.8

20.2

0.2

1.5

1.5

4.0

4.2

4.7

4.7

55.30

52.69

56.72

68.15

72.77

77.10

80.50

2.0

0.88

0.78

0.71

0.66

0.63

0.59

0.56

-2.3

124

109

100

93

89

84

80

-2.3

10.36

10.33

10.27

10.23

10.27

10.32

10.28

-0.0

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.70

3.96

3.92

4.39

4.47

4.43

4.42

-0.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

62.3

60.6

72.9

81.9

83.7

87.8

83.2

2.0

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

1.16

2.41

2.28

3.13

3.52

3.41

3.73

6.5

1.9

4.0

3.1

3.8

4.2

3.9

4.5

4.4

2.3

2.5

3.9

5.5

5.7

6.0

..

5.7

-

0.02

0.06

0.00

0.02

0.03

..

-

-

0.6

1.6

0.0

0.3

0.5

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

1410 e

1399

2098

3417

3824

4047

..

6.4

Hydro

1410 e

1399

2097

2167

2175

2176

..

2.6

-

491

1145

1147

1147

1147

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

1

4

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

1

29

44

114

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

3

3

3

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1182

1558

1700

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

36

43

50

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

85

105

130

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

60

74

91

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

148 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Czech Republic 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

1449 e

2695

3036

3786

4234

3852

4083

5.9

Hydro

1449 e

2274

2313

3027

3257

2523

2376

3.3

288 e

272

555

647

707

434

350

2.4

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

1

2

13

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

21

49

125

245

-

Industrial waste

-

16

201

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

2

11

12

11

12

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

3

7

7

8

8

-

Solid biomass

-

302

382

560

731

968

1167

-

Gas from biomass

-

103

135

160

177

215

262

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

1449 e

2312

2488

3307

3659

3092

..

4.6

Hydro

1449 e

2274

2313

3027

3257

2523

..

3.3

288 e

272

555

647

707

434

..

2.4 -

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

1

2

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

21

49

125

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

13

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

27

135

206

288

372

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

11

27

53

64

70

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

383

548

479

575

760

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

16

188

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

2

11

12

11

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

3

7

7

8

..

-

Solid biomass

-

275

247

354

443

596

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

92

108

107

113

145

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 149

Czech Republic (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

2415

7740

5280

4417

4510

4642

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

928

2473

393

113

108

100

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

832

1554

1578

1557

1580

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

832

1036

1051

1038

1080

-

Solid biomass

-

1090

3219

2194

1581

1678

1720

-

Gas from biomass

-

397

384

103

94

129

162

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

1539

7200

3250

2508

2477

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

203

2292

29

26

28

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

832

824

801

816

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

832

549

534

544

..

-

Solid biomass

-

939

2934

1757

1067

960

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

397

310

91

80

129

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

876

540

2030

1909

2033

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

725

181

364

87

80

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

730

777

741

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

487

517

494

..

-

Solid biomass

-

151

285

437

514

718

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

74

12

14

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

292

183

237

230

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

85

80

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

292

183

152

150

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

150 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Czech Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

180 180 -131 -49 2089 2089 -

Wind

11 11 -11 125 125 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

2 2 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

4 4 4 4 3 1 -

Industrial waste

127 127 -1 -5 121 110 7 103 11 11 108 28 80

Mun. waste renew.

57 57 -13 -13 -19 13 13 13 12 12 1557 816 741

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 151

Czech Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

38 38 -9 -9 -12 9 8 8 8 8 1038 544 494

Wood/ wood waste

1947 23 -188 1782 -90 -19 -99 -18 -5 1552 404 1 5 1 274 109 4 1 8 1149 1113 21 15 968 372 596 1678 960 718

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

31 31 -10 -8 -12 1 1 1 97 70 27 69 69 -

Sludge gas

31 31 -1 -10 20 1 1 19 19 74 74 20 20 -

Other biogas

14 14 -2 -7 5 5 5 44 44 40 40 -

Biogasoline

17 -11 -6 1 -1 -

Biodiesel

73 7 -48 -2 30 30 30 30 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

2530 30 -247 -8 2306 -1 -242 -57 -44 -151 -18 -41 1755 515 7 104 5 2 274 109 4 1 8 30 30 1210 1116 74 20 3419 2658 761 4510 2477 2033

Share in total energy sources

7.5% 0.1% 2.7% x 5.0% x x x x x x x 6.5% 6.1% 0.5% 8.2% 0.6% 0.3% 41.5% 53.4% 2.0% 0.5% 1.2% 0.5% 0.5% 12.7% 19.1% 2.5% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.7% 2.6% 8.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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152 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Czech Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

103 103 103 103

128 128 128 128

152 152 152 152

198 198 198 ..

-

5528 5528 5105 423 398 25

5468 5468 606 4862 4621 241

4891 4891 268 4623 4421 202

5303 5303 256 5047 4604 443

5300 5300 .. .. .. ..

-

1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501

2444 2444 1915 529 8 521

2385 2385 1880 505 14 491

2406 2406 1859 547 16 531

2412 2412 .. .. .. ..

x -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

1162 e 1162 e 1162 -

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

-

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 153

Czech Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501

1630 1630 1277 353 6 347

1591 1591 1254 337 10 327

1603 1603 1239 364 10 354

1608 1608 .. .. .. ..

x -

13372 13372 7974 5398 5346 52

64359 -3240 61119 6753 54366 16019 38347

71840 -6172 65668 7636 58032 16585 41447

81548 -6943 74605 9598 65007 16904 48103

78510 -8510 70000 .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

16009 16009 3506 12503 12503 -

e

-

-

-

900 900 896 4 4

1029 1029 1027 2 2

1297 1297 1265 32 32

1300 1300 .. .. ..

-

-

1417 1417 1417 -

1509 1509 1427 82 19 63

1315 1315 525 790 47 743

1303 1303 402 901 39 862

1303 1303 462 841 38 803

1350 1350 .. .. .. ..

-

e

e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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154 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Czech Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

120 120 47 73 73

325 325 207 118 118

589 589 381 208 208

1200 1200 .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

1790 -9 1781 -219 2000 2000

26509 -17027 -9195 287 287 -

60236 -4505 503 56234 .. -

x x -

-

11800 6000 17800 -200 18000 18000

67200 3128 70328 328 70000 70000

126894 -123725 3169 169 3000 3000

110152 -87953 -2971 19228 228 19000 19000

81806 -45233 -1627 34946 946 34000 34000

76672 12305 2617 91594 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

913 913 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 155

Denmark

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

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156 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Denmark Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 10.5% Oil 44.0%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.6%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.6%

Biogas 1.8%

Renewables 6.3% Hydro 0.2%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 72.7%

Other(3) 5.2%

Coal 35.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 25.6%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

17 Mtoe

1.09 Mtoe

1.03 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 80.8%

Non-Renew. Waste 1.1%

Gas 20.7%

Renewables 17.1%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 69.8%

Biogas 3.5%

Liquid Biomass 0.2%

Hydro 0.1%

Oil 37.9%

Coal 23.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 26.6%

Other(3) 19.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

20 Mtoe

3.35 Mtoe

2.71 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 12 10

TWh

8 6 4 2 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 157

Denmark 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

17.34 1.09

19.43 1.41

18.58 1.96

18.80 3.02

20.08 3.06

19.65 3.35

19.18 3.34

0.7 6.8

6.0

6.3

7.3

10.6

16.1

15.2

17.1

17.4

123.89

139.06

160.08

170.38

176.08

178.98

176.60

2.2

0.14

0.14

0.12

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

-1.4

121

120

100

95

98

95

94

-1.4

Population (millions)

5.14

5.23

5.34

5.42

5.44

5.46

5.47

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.37

3.72

3.48

3.47

3.69

3.60

3.50

0.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

26.0

36.7

36.0

36.2

45.6

39.2

36.4

2.4

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.83

1.98

5.85

10.22

9.60

10.67

10.42

16.2

3.2

5.4

16.2

28.2

21.1

27.2

28.6

13.4

3.1

3.5

3.7

4.0

4.2

4.4

..

2.1

-

-

-

-

0.00

0.01

..

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.1

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

413

909

2760

4098

3962

3761

..

13.9

10

10

10

11

9

9

..

-0.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

3

3

3

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total capacity Hydro of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

343

616

2392

3129

3135

3124

..

13.9

Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

150

230

306

299

233

..

-

Solid biomass

40

110

86

584

455

333

..

13.3

Gas from biomass

20

23

41

65

61

59

..

6.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

57

144

246

321

337

357

..

11.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

40

101

172

225

236

250

..

11.4

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

158 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Denmark 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

848

2117

6127

10627

10012

11062

10815

16.3

28

30

30

23

23

28

26

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

2

2

2

2

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

610

1177

4241

6614

6108

7173

6928

15.6

1

Total electricity Hydro

of which: pumped storage

Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

455

959

1408

1421

1367

1367

22.4

18

139

276

405

409

393

393

19.9

108

208

411

1894

1777

1828

1828

18.1

40

108

209

281

272

271

271

11.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

638

1217

4275

6641

6135

7205

..

15.3

28

30

30

23

23

28

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

44

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

2

2

2

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

610

1177

4241

6614

6108

7173

..

15.6

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

2

3

2

2

2

..

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

210

900

1852

3986

3877

3857

..

18.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

44

455

959

1408

1421

1367

..

22.4

Liquid biomass

Municipal waste renew.

18

139

276

405

409

393

..

19.9

108

200

411

1894

1777

1828

..

18.1

40

106

206

279

270

269

..

11.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

(1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 159

Denmark (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total heat

19518

25273

31100

45501

44832

45620

50449

5.1

Geothermal

48

47

58

66

267

287

250

11.1

Solar thermal

6

6

24

53

47

50

50

13.3

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

8541

11527

14930

18487

18564

19269

19269

4.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

3423

3534

4296

5320

5342

5545

5545

2.9

Solid biomass

7373

9693

10889

20417

19636

19491

24349

5.9

127

466

903

1158

976

978

986

12.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

90-07

of which: CHP plants

882

8659

16998

31507

30851

32069

..

23.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

328

5026

10187

15948

16632

17122

..

26.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

132

1541

2931

4589

4786

4927

..

23.7

Solid biomass

319

1754

3189

9936

8614

9239

..

21.9

Gas from biomass

103

338

691

1034

819

781

..

12.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18636

16614

14102

13994

13981

13551

..

-1.9

Liquid biomass Heat only plants

48

47

58

66

267

287

..

11.1

Solar thermal

6

6

24

53

47

50

..

13.3

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

8213

6501

4743

2539

1932

2147

..

-7.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

3291

1993

1365

731

556

618

..

-9.4

Solid biomass

7054

7939

7700

10481

11022

10252

..

2.2

24

128

212

124

157

197

..

13.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

2700

3624

3114

3074

3324

3302

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

135

78

72

81

89

96

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

58

76

68

79

86

94

-

Waste heat (2)

-

2623

3622

3110

3072

3321

3300

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

160 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Denmark 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

2 2 -2 28 28 -

Wind

617 617 -617 7173 7173 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

2 2 -

Geothermal

14 14 -14 287 287

Solar thermal

11 11 -1 10 10 7 2 50 50

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

720 720 -1 -209 -397 -9 -58 45 22 18 1 1 2 23 23 1367 1367 19269 17122 2147

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 161

Denmark 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

207 207 -60 -114 -3 -17 13 6 5 1 6 6 393 393 5545 4927 618

Wood/ wood waste

1441 448 1889 -5 -503 -26 -248 -10 1097 93 4 12 49 27 1004 932 24 48 1828 1828 19491 9239 10252

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

10 10 -1 -4 4 4 4 24 2 22 56 44 12

Sludge gas

21 21 -7 -2 11 11 11 30 30 126 52 74

Other biogas

63 63 -33 -15 -3 12 3 3 8 1 8 217 217 796 685 111

Biogasoline

6 6 6 6 6 -

Biodiesel

88 -88 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

3194 454 -88 3560 -6 -619 -806 -563 -278 -87 1198 124 23 4 16 1 49 30 6 6 1066 939 71 56 11062 7205 3857 45620 32069 13551

Share in total energy sources

11.8% 3.2% 0.5% 18.1% x x x x x x 7.9% 4.3% 3.5% 1.3% 2.1% 0.7% 50.5% 12.0% 0.1% 0.1% 14.7% 21.3% 3.6% 8.4% 28.3% 99.6% 12.1% 37.6% 33.0% 56.3%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

162 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Denmark 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

116 e 116 e 116 e -

132 132 132 -

534 534 534 -

575 575 575 -

500 500 500 -

11.1 11.1 11.1 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)

96 e 96 e 96 e -

Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

94 e 94 e 94 e -

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)

100 100 1 6 93 93

213 213 2 6 205 205

331 331 24 307 307

412 412 53 359 359

428 428 47 381 381

461 461 50 411 411

485 485 50 435 ..

9.4 9.4 x 13.3 9.1 9.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11065 11065 1 10392 672 19 653

17533 17533 1 16535 997 21 976

23601 23601 -1 22380 1222 124 1098

29348 29348 58 27245 2045 962 1083

30104 30104 56 27814 2234 940 1294

30133 30133 56 28193 1884 940 944

30981 30981 .. .. .. .. ..

6.1 6.1 x 6.0 6.3 25.8 2.2

Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 163

Denmark 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

5374 5374 2 5068 304 5 299

6790 6790 6438 352 36 316

8444 8444 16 7839 589 277 312

8661 8661 16 8002 643 271 372

8670 8670 14 8113 543 271 272

8585 8585 .. .. .. .. ..

4.0 4.0 x 4.0 4.2 23.0 0.2

31472 31472 1 9033 22438 4715 17723

34913 233 35146 -3 12024 23125 4229 18896

37324 2466 39790 14584 25206 4450 20756

52756 16286 69042 2 33298 35742 3604 32138

53949 17038 70987 -1 31988 39000 3696 35304

60336 18766 79102 213 32963 45926 3884 42042

59779 18766 78545 .. .. .. .. ..

3.9 5.6 x 7.9 4.3 -1.1 5.2

39 39 39 -

414 414 1 359 54 32 22

613 613 526 37 50 21 29

542 542 474 68 68

443 443 1 353 89 89

426 426 248 178 178

451 451 .. .. ..

15.1 15.1 x 11.5 -

458 458 258 200 200

598 598 -1 454 145 145

857 857 568 289 289

913 913 1 510 402 402

879 879 -1 390 490 490

865 865 -1 387 479 479

915 915 .. .. .. ..

3.8 3.8 x 2.4 5.3 5.3

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

4434 4434 4165 269 8 261

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

164 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Denmark 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

266 266 242 24 24 -

746 746 1 642 5 98 94 4

1442 1442 2 1348 4 88 12 76

2375 2375 2137 238 150 88

2597 2597 2122 475 137 338

2623 2623 2131 492 145 347

2784 2784 .. .. .. ..

14.4 14.4 x 13.7 19.4 11.2 -

-

-

-

-

6000 6000 6000 6000

9000 9000 9000 9000

7877 7877 .. ..

-

-

-

-

71000 -71000 -

98000 -98000 -

98000 -98000 -

98000 -98000 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 165

Finland

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

166 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Finland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Nuclear 17.6%

Gas 7.7%

Hydro 17.0% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.8%

Renewables 19.3%

Oil 33.3%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 83.0%

Coal 14.4%

TPES

Renew. Mun. Waste 0.2%

(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5.49 Mtoe

4.56 Mtoe

28 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Nuclear 16.7%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 85.4%

Gas 10.2%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 97.9%

Renewables 23.2%

Oil 26.7%

Biogas 0.6%

Hydro 14.4%

Coal 13.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 1.5%

Other(3) 0.2%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

36 Mtoe

8.46 Mtoe

7.23 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 30 25

TWh

20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 167

Finland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

28.38 5.49

28.92 6.13

32.11 7.72

33.96 7.95

36.97 8.53

36.47 8.46

34.80 8.67

1.5 2.6

1.1

19.3

21.2

24.1

23.4

23.1

23.2

24.9

100.29

96.54

121.87

138.02

144.72

151.26

152.10

2.4

0.28

0.30

0.26

0.25

0.26

0.24

0.23

-0.9

107

114

100

93

97

91

87

-0.9

Population (millions)

4.99

5.11

5.18

5.25

5.27

5.29

5.28

0.3

TPES/population (toe per capita)

5.69

5.66

6.20

6.48

7.02

6.90

6.59

1.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

54.4

64.0

70.0

70.6

82.3

81.2

77.1

2.4

16.02

19.55

23.27

23.45

22.42

24.30

26.34

2.5

29.5

30.5

33.3

33.2

27.2

29.9

34.1

0.1

3.6

3.5

3.6

4.0

4.0

4.1

..

0.8

-

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

..

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

3604

3930 e

4423

4841

4883

4974

..

1.9

Hydro

2621

2777

2882

3035

3062

3102

..

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

1

3

4

5

5

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

38

82

86

110

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1500

1720

1730

1757

..

3.5 -

Solid biomass

983

1146 e

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

6

7

10

16

18

19

..

7.0

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

4

5

7

11

13

13

..

7.2

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

168 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Finland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

16015 e

19545

23621 e

23621

22560

24468

26502

2.5

Hydro

10859

12925

14660

13784

11494

14177

17113

1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

2

3

3

4

4

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

11

78

170

156

188

262

-

Industrial waste

-

-

324

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

1

of which: pumped storage

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

5156 e

Solid biomass

-

35 e 24 e

56

46

39

36

-

230

205

244

245

-

117

90

126

127

-

6608

8476

9239

10539

9661

8686

3.8

Gas from biomass

-

-

22

22

27

29

29

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

11348 e

13058

15205 e

15144

13268

15533

..

1.9

Hydro

10859

12925

14660

13784

11494

14177

..

1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

2

3

3

4

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

11

78

170

156

188

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

50

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

of which: pumped storage

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

489 e

Solid biomass

-

1 e 1 e

1

-

-

-

-

53

56

71

..

-

29

26

43

..

-

121

413

1103

1532

1049

..

4.6 -

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8477

9292

8935

..

3.9

CHP plants

4667 e

6487

8416 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

274

55

46

39

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

34 e

177

149

173

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

23 e

88

64

83

..

3.7

Solid biomass

4667 e

6487

8063

8136

9007

8612

..

Gas from biomass

-

-

22

21

26

28

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 169

Finland (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat

5025 e

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

6593

22554

36179

59996

53628

51466

14.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

5755

503

503

414

400

-

Municipal waste renew.

423 e

285 e

583 e

1879

1666

1869

1860

9.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

282 e

190 e

320 e

897

732

935

900

7.3

4320 e

Solid biomass

6118

15731

31973

56340

49600

47500

15.4

Gas from biomass

-

-

165

927

755

810

806

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: 2836

14390

28417

50555

44330

..

23.2

Geothermal

1275 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

1423

479

482

377

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

233 e

1539

1403

1613

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

86 e

715

562

737

..

-

CHP plants

1275 e

Solid biomass

2836

12628

25580

47984

41567

..

22.7 -

Gas from biomass

-

-

20

104

124

36

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3757

8164

7762

9441

9298

..

5.5 -

3750 e

Heat only plants Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

4332

24

21

37

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

423 e

285 e

350 e

340

263

256

..

-2.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

282 e

190 e

234 e

182

170

198

..

-2.1

3045 e

Solid biomass

3282

3103

6393

8356

8033

..

5.9

Gas from biomass

-

-

145

823

631

774

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

1

3436

9137

9610

8113

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

5

10

10

179

185

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

4

4

4

68

72

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

3430

9131

9499

8000

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

170 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Finland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1219 1219 -1219 14177 14177 -

Wind

16 16 -16 188 188 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

4 4 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

1 1 1 1 1 -

Industrial waste

46 46 -1 -23 -1 20 19 1 2 10 5 1 1 39 39 414 377 37

Mun. waste renew.

110 110 -15 -57 -9 -8 22 22 16 2 3 244 71 173 1869 1613 256

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 171

Finland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

52 52 -9 -25 -6 -6 6 6 6 126 43 83 935 737 198

Wood/ wood waste

7148 -75 7073 -161 -91 -1353 -794 -212 -12 4449 3289 6 1 5 3180 89 7 1161 974 64 122 9661 1049 8612 49600 41567 8033

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

31 31 -4 -19 8 8 8 28 28 777 36 741

Sludge gas

Other biogas

10 10 -1 9 7 7 2 2 1 1 33 33

Biogasoline

-

1 1 1 1 1 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

8633 1 -75 8559 -1 -1420 -91 -1439 -832 -247 -12 4516 3351 7 3 5 3212 91 30 1 1 1165 975 65 122 2 24468 15533 8935 53628 44330 9298

Share in total energy sources

54.1% 1.1% 23.5% x x x x x x x 16.9% 27.3% 0.7% 0.7% 1.4% 42.6% 18.2% 9.2% 0.0% 0.0% 13.7% 19.5% 3.6% 16.3% 0.2% 30.1% 29.1% 32.0% 27.6% 30.5% 19.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

172 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Finland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

16 16 16 16

17 17 17 17

16 16 16 16

20 20 20 20

26 26 26 26

26 26 26 26

28 28 28 ..

2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

-

-

8660 8660 7868 792 739 53

2192 2192 1288 904 854 50

2202 2202 1337 865 815 50

1914 1914 25 1037 852 802 50

1750 1750 .. .. .. .. ..

x -

470 e 470 e 470 e -

292 e 292 e 292 e -

1137 1137 804 333 333 -

4543 4543 3575 968 968 -

3824 3824 3215 609 609 -

4614 4614 3707 907 907 -

4620 4620 .. .. .. -

14.4 14.4 12.9 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

e

e e

e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 173

Finland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2044 2044 1772 272 272 -

1780 1780 1438 342 342 -

2159 2159 1906 253 253 -

2180 2180 .. .. .. -

12.0 12.0 11.2 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

314 e 314 e 314 e -

195 e 195 e 195 e -

758 758 536 222 222 -

e

e e

e e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

180437 9847 190284 42843 147441 102741 44700

209171 519 209690 44581 165109 120409 44700

268404 268404 63138 205266 159966 45300

279626 -3266 276360 88251 188109 139794 48315

313204 -3258 309946 126174 183772 134573 49199

299324 -3140 296184 109869 186315 137715 48600

296634 -3660 292974 .. .. .. ..

3.0 x 2.6 5.7 1.4 1.7 0.5

-

-

288 288 204 84 84 -

1290 1290 1065 225 225 -

1091 1091 906 185 185 -

1317 1317 990 327 327 -

1320 1320 .. .. .. -

-

-

-

463 463 89 374 274 100

456 456 81 375 275 100

435 435 87 348 248 100

430 430 49 381 281 100

440 440 .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

174 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Finland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1184 1184 184 1000 1000

2447 2447 447 2000 2000

39509 39509 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

125 125 125 -

1000 1000 .. -

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 175

France

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

176 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

France Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 36.5%

Gas 11.6%

Hydro 29.3%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 94.1%

Other(3) 1.1%

Oil 37.4%

Biogas 0.7%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 69.6%

Renewables 7.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 5.2%

Coal 9.0%

TPES

(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

15.81 Mtoe

11.00 Mtoe

224 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Nuclear 43.5% Gas 14.6%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.5%

Hydro 28.1%

TPES

(1)

Coal 5.1%

Liquid Biomass 11.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 68.7%

Other(3) 3.1%

Oil 31.6%

Biogas 3.3%

Renew. Mun. Waste 9.3%

Renewables 6.7%

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

17.80 Mtoe

12.24 Mtoe

264 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 90 80 70

TWh

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 177

France 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

224.48 15.81

237.37 17.73

253.22 17.24

271.41 16.30

267.71 16.90

263.72 17.80

266.92 18.83

1.0 0.7

-0.2

7.0

7.5

6.8

6.0

6.3

6.7

7.1

1091.83

1156.28

1327.96

1442.29

1473.60

1505.62

1517.50

1.9

0.21

0.21

0.19

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.18

-0.9

108

108

100

99

95

92

92

-0.9

58.17

59.42

60.75

62.82

63.20

63.57

63.95

0.5

3.86

3.99

4.17

4.32

4.24

4.15

4.17

0.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

417.2

491.1

536.1

571.5

569.3

564.4

569.9

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

55.79

75.32

70.27

56.58

62.18

66.54

74.02

1.0

13.4

15.3

13.1

9.9

10.9

11.8

13.0

-0.7

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

36.3

39.0

42.2

42.0

42.2

42.6

..

1.0

-

0.16

0.34

0.40

0.77

1.46

..

-

-

0.4

0.8

1.0

1.8

3.4

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

24987

25232

25427

27055

27845

28744

..

0.8

Hydro

24747

24987

25123

25109

25125

25132

..

0.1

4293

4292

4302

4303

4303

4303

..

0.0

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

2

7

13

15

25

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

240

240

240

240

240

..

-

Wind

-

3

57

723

1412

2220

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

668

732

735

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

228

232

297

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

74

89

95

..

-

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

566

590

513

593

768

979

..

3.3

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

396

413

359

415

538

685

..

3.3

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

178 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

France 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

59534 e

78689

76033

62936

69070

73763

80505

1.3

Hydro

57331

75922

71817

56457

61421

63662

68423

0.6

3527

2997

4680

4705

5281

5475

4599

2.6

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

5

10

12

16

36

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

571

568

573

534

519

519

513

-0.6

-

5

77

962

2189

4052

5710

-

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind

-

Industrial waste

222 e

Municipal waste renew.

221 e

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

371

1081

1655

1614

1753

1887

12.9 13.0

371

1081

1655

1614

1753

1887

1116

1368

1090

1157

1150

1370

1357

1.2

73

83

309

506

551

638

692

13.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.2

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants

58377 e

76630

73979

60897

67167

71631

Hydro

57331

75922

71817

56457

61421

63662

..

0.6

3527

2997

4680

4705

5281

5475

..

2.6 -

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

5

10

12

16

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

571

568

573

534

519

519

..

-0.6

Wind

-

5

77

962

2189

4052

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

222 e

46

487

1061

1084

1108

..

9.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

221 e

9.9

Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

46

487

1061

1084

1108

..

-

-

278

343

344

568

..

-

32

42

255

469

514

598

..

18.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

1157

2059

2054

2039

1903

2132

..

3.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

325

594

594

530

645

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

325

594

594

530

645

..

-

1116

1368

812

814

806

802

..

-1.9

41

41

54

37

37

40

..

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

(1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 179

France (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

19997

23048

23992

21634

18866

18948

20010

-0.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

9999 e

11524 e

11996

10817

9433

9474

10005

-0.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

9998 e

11524 e

11996

10817

9433

9474

10005

-0.3

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

16237

17814

16100

14006

14184

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

8119 e

8907

8050

7003

7092

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

8118 e

8907

8050

7003

7092

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

19997

6811

6178

5534

4860

4764

..

-8.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

Municipal waste renew.

9999 e

3405 e

3089

2767

2430

2382

..

-8.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

9998 e

3406 e

3089

2767

2430

2382

..

-8.1

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

180 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

France 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

5004 5004 -4926 -78 58187 58187 -

Wind

348 348 -333 -16 4052 4052 -

Tide wave ocean

45 45 -45 519 519 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 -1 16 16 -

Geothermal

130 130 130 130 91 30 9 -

Solar thermal

35 35 35 35 32 4 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

1141 1141 -7 -323 -96 -319 -21 -82 294 294 294 1753 1108 645 9474 7092 2382

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 181

France 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

1141 1141 -7 -323 -96 -319 -21 -82 294 294 294 1753 1108 645 9474 7092 2382

Wood/ wood waste

9233 9233 -102 -147 8983 1693 97 573 1023 7290 7250 40 1370 568 802 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

325 325 -299 26 26 26 577 577 -

Sludge gas

51 51 -8 -4 40 40 40 53 21 32 -

Other biogas

27 27 -1 26 23 23 3 3 8 8 -

Biogasoline

264 264 15 279 279 279 -

Biodiesel

881 322 -9 1194 -8 1186 1186 1186 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

18626 322 -9 18939 7 -5319 -1150 -192 -790 -42 -164 11293 1716 120 573 1023 1465 1465 8112 7373 691 49 68288 66156 2132 18948 14184 4764

Share in total energy sources

13.8% 0.2% 0.0% 7.2% x x x x x x x 6.9% 5.5% 2.6% 21.4% 81.3% 3.2% 3.4% 11.2% 17.8% 3.3% 1.9% 12.1% 12.2% 8.9% 11.8% 9.1% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

182 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

France 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

4624 4624 4624 4624

5523 5523 5523 5523

5275 5275 5275 5275

5442 5442 5442 5442

5442 5442 5442 5442

5442 5442 5442 5442

4777 4777 4777 ..

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

814 814 814 814

820 820 820 820

693 693 693 693

885 885 885 885

1153 1153 1153 1153

1485 1485 1485 1485

1839 1839 1839 ..

3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

38877 38877 32519 6358 6358

47695 47695 -1 37722 9974 9974

46041 46041 35225 10816 10816

47801 47801 35485 12316 12316

48732 48732 .. .. ..

4.1 4.1 x 2.3 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -

30185 30185 26954 3231 3231

e

e e

e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 183

France 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

38877 38877 32519 6358 6358

47695 47695 -1 37722 9974 9974

46041 46041 35225 10816 10816

47801 47801 35485 12316 12316

48732 48732 .. .. ..

4.1 4.1 x 2.3 -

430983 430983 9172 421811 63581 358230

409606 409606 -1 7019 402588 64700 337888

405497 405497 8974 396523 68364 328159

397515 397515 8922 388593 69437 319156

386626 386626 10435 376191 70897 305294

370126 370126 .. .. .. ..

-0.7 -0.7 x 2.6 -0.7 0.8 -1.0

326 326 293 33 33

5791 5791 5212 579 579

10655 10655 1 9802 852 852

12212 12212 11235 977 977

13606 13606 12518 1088 1088

8217 8217 .. .. ..

27.1 27.1 x 27.3 24.9 24.9

2439 2439 470 1969 1969

2419 2419 466 1953 1953

2295 2295 525 1770 1770

2226 2226 510 1716 1716

2146 2146 491 1655 1655

2177 2177 .. .. ..

-0.8 -0.8 0.2 -1.1 -1.1

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -

30184 30184 26953 3231 3231

e

e e

e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

433599 433599 6780 426819 62328 364491

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

232 e 232 e 207 e 25 25

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

2457 2457 474 1983 1983

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

184 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

France 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

346 346 31 315 315 -

666 666 35 631 518 113

913 913 31 882 738 144

1057 1057 1 16 1040 907 133

1104 1104 -1 20 1085 939 146

1144 1144 39 1105 960 145

1305 1305 .. .. .. ..

7.3 7.3 x 1.4 7.7 6.8 -

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

92500 92500 1500 91000 91000

117243 117243 7243 110000 110000

231614 231614 8614 223000 223000

412700 412700 -23300 436000 436000

586740 45460 632200 .. .. ..

x -

-

153377 153377 377 153000 153000

299881 8394 308275 275 308000 308000

429449 -60962 368487 4487 364000 364000

591697 39384 631081 -57919 689000 689000

974400 345700 1320100 9100 1311000 1311000

1821920 341580 2163500 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 185

Germany

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

186 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Germany Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Gas 15.6% Waste 0.3% Nuclear 11.3%

Hydro 28.2%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 77.5%

Renewables 1.5%

Biogas 7.7%

Other(3) 0.5% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 71.4%

Coal 36.6%

Oil 34.6%

Renew. Mun. Waste 14.8%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

351 Mtoe

5.32 Mtoe

3.80 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.7% Gas 23.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 77.0%

Nuclear 11.1%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 52.5%

Renewables 7.9%

Biogas 11.9%

Hydro 6.9%

Oil 31.5% Coal 26.2%

Other(3) 16.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 9.7%

Liquid Biomass 25.8%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

331 Mtoe

26.15 Mtoe

20.14 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 120 100

TWh

80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 187

Germany 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

351.40 5.32

337.05 6.09

337.29 9.09

338.69 16.73

341.24 19.86

331.26 26.15

334.84 25.77

-0.3 9.8

10.2

1.5

1.8

2.7

4.9

5.8

7.9

7.7

1543.20

1720.46

1900.22

1957.80

2015.76

2065.35

2092.10

1.7

0.23

0.20

0.18

0.17

0.17

0.16

0.16

-2.0 -2.0

128

110

100

97

95

90

90

79.36

81.66

82.19

82.46

82.37

82.26

82.31

0.2

4.43

4.13

4.10

4.11

4.14

4.03

4.07

-0.6

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

547.7

532.8

572.3

613.4

629.4

629.5

626.7

0.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

19.09

25.93

35.48

61.63

70.49

89.64

91.61

9.5

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

3.5

4.9

6.2

10.0

11.2

14.2

14.6

8.6

50.5

54.1

56.3

51.6

52.4

51.3

..

0.1

-

0.03

0.22

1.95

3.47

3.99

..

-

-

0.1

0.4

3.8

6.6

7.8

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

Total capacity

7815

11342

17135 e

31782 e

36572

Hydro

6851

8876

8982 e

8341

8995

-

4528

4654 e

4198

4854

of which: pumped storage

2008e

90-07

39410

..

10.0

8587

..

1.3

5223

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

1

1

2

..

-

Solar photovoltaic

2

18

114

1508

2831

3811

..

55.9

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

48

1137

6095

18428

20622

22247

..

43.5

..

-3.5

Wind Industrial waste

253 e

494 e

885 e

Municipal waste

550

509

585

1256

4 e

1369

14

1301

137 e

..

5.2

Solid biomass

22 e

79

129

1008

1094

1400

..

27.7

Gas from biomass

89 e

18.8

229

345

1074

1409

1665

..

-

-

-

162

237

397

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

350

1426

2890

7197

8610

9510

..

21.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

245

998

2023

5038

6027

6657

..

21.4

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

188 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Germany 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

25049

35665

45495

71817

81569

102008

103217

8.6

Hydro

19791

26250

25962

26717

27304

28458

27421

2.2

2365

4470

7136

7373

7554

6521

7.1

1

of which: pumped storage

4230 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

18

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

7

60

1282

2220

3075

4000

60.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

71

1712

9352

27229

30710

39713

40400

45.1

Industrial waste

2373

3915

3946

18

70

683

600

-7.1

Municipal waste renew.

1219

1348

1844

3038

3639

4130

4489

7.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

1218

1348

1844

3038

3639

4130

4489

7.4

Solid biomass

129

496

804

4647

6518

10381

10400

29.4

Gas from biomass

247

589

1683

4708

6155

8520

8600

23.2

-

-

-

1140

1314

2918

2800

-

Electricity only plants

25049

35665

45495

55246

60304

95731

..

8.2

Hydro

19791

26250

25962

26717

27304

28458

..

2.2

2365

4470

7136

7373

7554

..

7.1

Wind

Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage

4230 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

7

60

1282

2220

3075

..

60.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

71

1712

9352

27229

30710

39713

..

45.1

Wind Industrial waste

2373

3915

3946

18

70

69

..

-18.8

Municipal waste renew.

1219

1348

1844

-

-

3105

..

5.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

1218

1348

1844

-

-

3105

..

5.7

Solid biomass

129

496

804

-

-

8980

..

28.3

Gas from biomass

22.1

247

589

1683

-

-

7388

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

1838

..

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

16571

21265

6277

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

614

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

3038

3639

1025

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

3038

3639

1025

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

4647

6518

1401

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

4708

6155

1132

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1140

1314

1080

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 189

Germany (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

21224 e

Total heat

19771

19368

43313

44810

76403

77981

8.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

450

577

576

636

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

5905

6023

-

10874

11460 e

10652

16890

17679

17218

17563

2.7

8897

9376

8716

16891

17679

17218

17563

4.0

Solid biomass

-

388

-

8026

7827

17193

17537

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1022

973

1633

1665

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

34

75

16660

16994

-

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.

of which: CHP plants

19771

19368

35328

37934

68099

..

7.5

Geothermal

-

21224 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

5673

..

-

10874

11460 e

10652

15015

16432

15380

..

2.1

8897

9376

8716

15016

16432

15380

..

3.3

Solid biomass

-

388

-

4631

4398

15587

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

663

609

1246

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3

63

14833

..

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

7985

6876

8304

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

450

577

576

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

232

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

1875

1247

1838

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

1875

1247

1838

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

3395

3429

1606

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

359

364

387

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

31

12

1827

..

-

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

190 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Germany 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1798 1798 -1766 -32 20904 20904 -

Wind

3415 3415 -3415 .. 39713 39713 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

264 264 -264 3075 3075 -

Geothermal

212 212 -28 184 184 184 576 576

Solar thermal

315 315 315 315 303 12 -

Industrial waste

296 296 -18 -269 -9 683 69 614 5905 5673 232

Mun. waste renew.

1959 1959 -1335 -569 -55 4130 3105 1025 17218 15380 1838

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 191

Germany 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

1959 1959 -1335 -569 -55 4130 3105 1025 17218 15380 1838

Wood/ wood waste

10576 10576 -3036 -256 -254 -567 -26 -29 6409 1442 1442 4967 4967 10381 8980 1401 17193 15587 1606

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

277 277 -254 -16 -6 1008 976 32 365 193 172

Sludge gas

398 398 -320 -7 -2 -69 983 1 982 215 161 54

Other biogas

1728 1728 -1668 -2 -9 -44 -2 -4 6529 6411 118 1053 892 161

Biogasoline

295 3 -1 297 -1 296 296 296 -

Biodiesel

3715 1 -18 3698 -1 3698 3698 3698 -

Other liquid biofuels

1208 1208 -374 -116 -17 -629 -73 2918 1838 1080 16660 14833 1827

Total renew. & waste sources

28415 4 -19 28400 -2 -13447 -424 -1754 -1516 -172 -117 -69 10902 1442 1442 3994 3994 5466 5454 12 94454 88177 6277 76403 68099 8304

Share in total energy sources

20.7% 0.0% 8.6% x x x x x x x x 4.7% 2.5% 9.7% 7.2% 7.8% 5.8% 9.5% 0.1% 15.0% 16.0% 8.1% 9.7% 10.7% 5.6%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

192 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Germany 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

292 e 292 292 292

5130 5130 5130 5130

5159 5159 5159 5159

466 466 466 466

1584 1584 1584 1584

4603 4603 4603 4603

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

8867 8867 1167 7700 7700

10420 10420 1920 8500 ..

22.2 22.2 21.2 21.2

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

6208 e 6208 e 908 e 5300 5300

7560 e 7560 e 1160 e 6400 6400

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

10179 10179 10179 10179

11783 11783 11783 11783

13199 13199 13199 13199

14900 14900 14900 ..

21.7 21.7 21.7 21.7

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

20526 e 20526 e 20526 e -

37719 e 37719 e 37719 e -

43047 e 43047 e 43047 e -

196 196 196 -

763 763 763 -

12402 12402 12402 -

12402 12402 .. -

-2.9 -2.9 -2.9 -

23512 e 23512 e 23512 e -

24622 e 24622 e 24622 e -

29674 e 29674 e 29674 e -

34782 34782 34782 -

38475 38475 38475 -

82024 82024 82024 -

91076 91076 .. -

7.6 7.6 7.6 -

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 193

Germany 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

22428 e 22428 e 22428 e -

27344 e 27344 e 27344 e -

34783 34783 34783 -

38475 38475 38475 -

82024 82024 82024 -

91076 91076 .. -

8.2 8.2 8.2 -

e

327304 327304 83045 244259 59765 184494

354818 354818 104368 250450 57896 192554

442878 442878 174505 268373 60373 208000

452411 452411 .. .. .. ..

7.8 7.8 23.8 4.9 4.8 5.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

21323 e 21323 e 21323 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

123259 123259 4644 118615 27337 91278

e

e

e e

124000 e 124000 16172 e 107828 16216 91612

196434 196434 13805 182629 14000 168629

e

e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

-

9650 e 9650 e 7550 e 2100 2100 -

11287 11287 11287 -

11314 11314 11314 -

11583 11583 11583 -

11578 11578 .. -

-

-

-

10191 e 10191 e 7691 e 2500 2500 -

15709 15709 12201 3508 -

16048 16048 12904 3144 -

16687 16687 13785 2902 -

17990 17990 .. .. -

-

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

194 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Germany 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

12231 12231 6360 5871 5871 -

13946 13946 10656 3290 3290 -

-

-

-

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

28757 28757 28757 -

42359 42359 42359 -

72358 72358 72358 -

78295 78295 .. -

11.0 11.0 15.4 -

-

260000 260000 260000 260000

501000 11000 512000 512000 512000

458000 3000 461000 1000 460000 460000

628000 -3000 625000 .. .. ..

x -

35000 35000 35000 35000

250000 250000 250000 250000

1996000 1996000 1996000 1996000

3598000 -70000 3528000 6000 3522000 3522000

4176000 -19000 4157000 1000 4156000 4156000

3166000 -69000 3097000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

313431 313431 313431 -

369629 369629 369629 -

1345401 1345401 1345401 -

930483 930483 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

3500 e 3500 e 3119 e 381 381 -

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 195

Greece

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

196 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Greece Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Oil 56.3%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.9%

Hydro 13.8%

Gas 0.6%

Other(3) 5.4%

Renewables 5.2%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 80.9%

Coal 37.6%

Biogas 0.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

21 Mtoe

1.10 Mtoe

0.89 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007

Oil 49.4%

Gas 10.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 68.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 89.7%

Renewables 5.4%

Biogas 3.0% Liquid Biomass 7.3%

Other(3) 19.1% Coal 33.6%

Hydro 12.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

32 Mtoe

1.73 Mtoe

1.18 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 9 8 7

TWh

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 197

Greece 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

21.44 1.10

22.68 1.29

27.09 1.40

30.25 1.64

30.22 1.78

32.18 1.73

32.58 1.64

2.4 2.7

0.2

5.2

5.7

5.2

5.4

5.9

5.4

5.0

100.82

107.27

127.09

156.13

163.15

169.74

175.20

3.1

0.21

0.21

0.21

0.19

0.19

0.19

0.19

-0.7

100

99

100

91

87

89

87

-0.7

10.34

10.63

10.92

11.10

11.15

11.19

11.20

0.5

TPES/population (toe per capita)

2.07

2.13

2.48

2.72

2.71

2.88

2.91

1.9

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

34.8

41.3

53.4

59.4

60.2

62.7

58.6

3.5

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

1.77

3.56

4.14

6.41

7.68

4.59

4.34

5.8

5.1

8.6

7.8

10.8

12.8

7.3

7.4

2.2

3.9

4.6

5.3

6.2

6.4

6.7

..

3.2

-

-

-

-

0.05

0.09

..

-

-

-

-

-

0.7

1.3

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total capacity

2458

2600

3334

3646

3922

4081

..

3.0

Hydro

2408

2523

3072

3106

3134

3150

..

1.6

315

315

699

699

699

699

..

4.8

Geothermal

2

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

1

5

9

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

90-07

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

27

226

491

749

846

..

48.7

Industrial waste

47

48

35

24

10

37

..

-1.4

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

1

24

24

39

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

1448

2101

2941

3047

3296

3573

..

5.5

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

1014

1471

2059

2133

2307

2501

..

5.5

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

198 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Greece 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

1999

3920

4725

7099

8314

5404

5283

6.0

Hydro

1997

3782

4111

5610

6475

3376

3328

3.1

228

253

418

593

610

785

837

7.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

1

1

5

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

34

451

1266

1699

1818

1661

49.3

Industrial waste

-

103

163

100

25

25

105

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

122

114

184

184

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

1999

3817

4562

6971

8260

5355

..

6.0

Hydro

1997

3782

4111

5610

6475

3376

..

3.1

228

253

418

593

610

785

..

7.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

34

451

1266

1699

1818

..

49.3

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

94

85

160

..

-

1

of which: pumped storage

of which:

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

103

163

128

54

49

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

103

163

100

25

25

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

28

29

24

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 199

Greece (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

200 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Greece 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

223 223 -223 2591 2591 -

Wind

156 156 -156 1818 1818 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -

Geothermal

14 14 14 14 7 6 2 -

Solar thermal

160 160 160 160 157 3 -

Industrial waste

6 6 -6 25 25 -

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 201

Greece 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

1008 1008 -4 1005 235 2 205 29 770 757 13 -

Charcoal

46 46 1 47 47 47 -

Landfill gas

30 30 -30 160 160 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

5 5 -3 2 2 2 24 24 -

Biogasoline

-

-

Biodiesel

83 3 86 -1 85 85 85 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

1685 49 1734 -1 -409 -9 -3 1313 235 2 205 29 85 85 993 968 5 19 2 4619 4570 49 -

Share in total energy sources

13.9% 0.2% 5.4% x x x x 6.0% 5.1% 0.1% 32.2% 52.3% 1.1% 1.3% 11.5% 18.0% 0.2% 1.7% 100.0% 7.4% 8.4% 0.6% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

202 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Greece 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

108 108 108 108

115 115 115 115

67 67 67 67

432 432 432 432

474 474 474 474

602 602 602 602

712 712 712 ..

10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6

2363 2363 2363 2363

3442 3442 3442 3442

4138 4138 4138 4138

4224 4224 4224 17 4207

4568 4568 4568 15 4553

6687 6687 6687 6687

6687 6687 6687 ..

6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

-

1560 1560 1560 -

2662 2662 2662 -

1040 1040 1040 -

233 233 233 -

233 233 233 -

378 378 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 203

Greece 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

37384 37384 37384 7991 29393

37556 37556 24 37532 8139 29393

39547 39547 39547 9741 29806

40064 40064 40064 10188 29876

38990 38990 38990 9154 29836

42230 42230 155 42075 9847 32228

40000 40000 .. .. .. ..

0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.5

-

-

-

990 990 990 -

969 969 969 -

1239 1239 1239 -

1185 1185 .. -

-

-

-

39 39 39 39

379 379 166 213 213

402 402 161 241 241

226 226 132 94 94

253 253 .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

204 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Greece 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

19 19 19 19 -

30 30 30 28 2

13 13 13 13 -

12 12 12 12 -

10 10 10 10 -

11 11 11 11 -

10 10 .. .. -

-3.2 -3.2 -3.2 -3.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

47743 3803 51546 546 51000 51000

91863 2605 94468 468 94000 94000

83292 83292 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 62 64 64 64

2 62 64 .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 205

Hungary

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

206 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Hungary Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.0%

Gas 31.1%

Hydro 2.1%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 98.2%

Other(3) 11.5%

Nuclear 12.5%

Renewables 2.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 86.4%

Coal 21.3%

Oil 29.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 1.8%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

29 Mtoe

0.75 Mtoe

0.64 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 91.5%

Nuclear 14.4%

Gas 40.0%

Biogas 1.3%

Renewables 5.1%

Coal 11.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 92.1%

Liquid Biomass 2.2%

Hydro 1.3%

Renew. Mun. Waste 4.3%

Other(3) 7.2% Oil 27.2%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

27 Mtoe

1.37 Mtoe

1.25 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 2.5

TWh

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 207

Hungary 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

28.66 0.75

25.87 0.87

25.00 0.83

27.58 1.19

27.33 1.23

26.73 1.37

26.61 1.56

-0.4 3.6

4.0

2.6

3.4

3.3

4.3

4.5

5.1

5.9

44.40

39.39

47.96

59.04

61.47

62.13

63.00

2.0

0.65

0.66

0.52

0.47

0.44

0.43

0.42

-2.4

124

126

100

90

85

83

81

-2.4

10.37

10.33

10.21

10.09

10.07

10.06

10.03

-0.2

TPES/population (toe per capita)

2.76

2.51

2.45

2.73

2.71

2.66

2.65

-0.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

28.4

34.0

35.2

35.8

35.9

40.0

40.0

2.0

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.20

0.22

0.24

1.87

1.49

1.88

2.36

14.3

0.7

0.6

0.7

5.2

4.2

4.7

5.9

12.0

2.6

2.3

2.9

3.8

4.1

4.3

..

3.0

-

-

-

0.00

0.01

0.03

..

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.3

0.7

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

72

78

79

435

454

478

..

11.8

Hydro

48

48

48

49

49

49

..

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

17

33

61

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Industrial waste

-

1

1

2

7

1

..

-

Municipal waste

24

24

24

24

29

42

..

3.3

Solid biomass

-

5

5

337

328

306

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

1

6

8

19

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

20

27

36

45

55

65

..

7.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

14

19

25

32

39

46

..

7.2

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

208 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Hungary 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

212 e

266 e

298 e

1942

1625

2029

2471

14.2

Hydro

178

163

178

202

186

210

213

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

10

43

110

205

-

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

13

38

5

5

-

Municipal waste renew.

17 e

48 e

55 e

59

94

141

111

13.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

55 e

Industrial waste

17 e

47 e

59

94

141

111

13.3

Solid biomass

-

8

10

1574

1133

1374

1758

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

25

37

48

68

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

178

163

178

1772

1395

1772

..

14.5

Hydro

178

163

178

202

186

210

..

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

10

43

110

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

13

38

5

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

11

58

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

11

58

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1547

1106

1331

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

170

230

257

..

12.6 -

of which:

of which: pumped storage

CHP plants

34 e

103 e

120 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

17 e

48 e

55 e

59

83

83

..

9.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

17 e

47 e

55 e

59

83

83

..

9.8

Solid biomass

-

8

10

27

27

43

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

25

37

48

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 209

Hungary (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

558

1168

1180

1466

1666

1920

2180

7.5

Geothermal

-

264

218

234

168

196

200

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

159 e

336 e

408 e

388

509

498

639

6.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

159 e

336 e

407 e

388

509

498

639

6.9

Solid biomass

240

232

147

451

478

726

700

6.7

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

4

1

1

1

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

318

746

890

1007

1268

1446

..

9.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

159 e

336 e

408 e

388

509

498

..

6.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

159 e

336 e

407 e

388

509

498

..

6.9

Solid biomass

-

74

75

227

249

449

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

4

1

1

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

422

290

459

398

474

..

4.1

Geothermal

-

264

218

234

168

196

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

158

72

224

229

277

..

0.8

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

Heat only plants

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

210 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Hungary 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

18 18 -18 210 210 -

Wind

9 9 -9 110 110 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

86 86 -5 81 1 1 79 66 13 196 196

Solar thermal

3 3 2 2 2 1 1

Industrial waste

20 20 -1 19 19 19 5 5 -

Mun. waste renew.

40 14 54 -14 -40 141 58 83 498 498 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 211

Hungary 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

40 14 54 -14 -40 141 58 83 498 498 -

Wood/ wood waste

1146 44 -40 1151 -395 -18 -2 -9 727 104 27 28 11 35 2 622 535 77 11 1374 1331 43 726 449 277

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

2 2 -1 -1 8 8 -

Sludge gas

9 9 -2 -3 3 3 3 22 22 1 1 -

Other biogas

6 6 -3 -2 1 1 1 18 18 -

Biogasoline

9 19 -1 27 27 27 27 -

Biodiesel

8 15 -19 -4 1 1 2 2 2 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

1396 106 -60 -4 1440 1 -451 -98 -8 -14 -6 862 124 46 1 28 11 35 2 29 29 707 537 146 25 2029 1772 257 1920 1446 474

Share in total energy sources

13.7% 0.5% 1.3% x 5.4% x x x x x x 4.6% 4.1% 7.2% 0.4% 6.7% 6.8% 58.4% 2.7% 0.7% 0.7% 8.0% 9.7% 5.1% 5.1% 5.1% 5.7% 3.0% 3.4% 3.7% 2.6%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

212 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Hungary 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

3600 3600 3600 3600

3600 3600 294 3306 3306

3600 3600 242 3358 3358

3627 3627 263 3364 72 3292

3600 3600 195 3405 59 3346

3600 3600 221 3379 52 3327

3800 3800 400 3400 .. ..

-0.4 -0.5

-

-

-

81 81 1 80 80

83 83 1 82 82

105 105 1 104 104

160 160 1 159 ..

-

-

-

-

1232 1232 154 1078 1078 -

1156 1156 405 751 751 -

846 846 54 792 792 -

843 843 .. .. .. -

-

1382 1382 1382 -

1961 1961 1961 -

1694 570 2264 2264 -

1633 266 1899 .. -

7.5 9.4 9.4 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

494 e 494 e 494 e -

1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -

1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 213

Hungary 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1382 1382 1382 -

1961 1961 1961 -

1694 570 2264 2264 -

1633 266 1899 .. -

7.5 9.4 9.4 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

494 e 494 e 494 e -

1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -

1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

28331 -1158 -674 26499 636 25863 121 25742

31095 31095 349 30746 1860 28886

29295 29295 240 29055 2513 26542

43535 43535 19619 23916 3230 30 20656

44576 -435 44141 15032 29109 4298 15 24796

47984 195 48179 17731 30448 4374 7 26067

50000 283 50283 .. .. .. .. ..

3.1 x 3.6 21.6 1.0 23.5 0.1

-

-

-

2 2 2 2

46 46 25 17 4 4

85 85 49 31 5 5

86 86 .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

193 193 79 74 40 40

337 337 102 145 90 90

365 365 97 137 131 131

330 330 .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

214 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Hungary 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

6 6 6 6 -

102 102 43 57 2 2 -

129 129 64 44 21 21

250 250 109 79 62 62

490 490 .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

3760 3760 -240 4000 4000

16785 16785 -215 17000 17000

14210 28353 -118 42445 445 42000 42000

58000 11000 -176 68824 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

991 -991 -

9291 -3363 -3831 2097 97 2000 2000

138000 -5000 -2000 131000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 215

Iceland

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

216 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Iceland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Renewables 67.0%

Hydro 25.8%

Other(3) 74.2%

Coal 3.1% Oil 29.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2 Mtoe

1.40 Mtoe

0.00 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Renewables 80.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 0.1%

Renew. Mun. Waste 92.0%

Hydro 18.3% Other(3) 81.6%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%

Oil 16.9%

Biogas 8.0%

Coal 2.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5 Mtoe

3.95 Mtoe

0.00 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 14 12

TWh

10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 217

Iceland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

2.09 1.40

2.25 1.56

3.10 2.30

3.48 2.64

4.16 3.26

4.89 3.95

4.67 3.84

5.1 6.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

TPES (Mtoe)

67.0

69.5

74.4

75.7

78.3

80.7

82.3

1.1

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars)

6.76

6.85

8.70

10.72

11.20

11.63

11.80

3.2

TPES/GDP(2)

0.31

0.33

0.36

0.32

0.37

0.42

0.40

1.8

87

92

100

91

104

118

111

1.8

Population (millions)

0.26

0.27

0.28

0.30

0.30

0.31

0.31

1.2

TPES/population (toe per capita)

8.19

8.44

11.03

11.76

13.68

15.74

15.21

3.9

4.5

5.0

7.7

8.7

9.9

12.0

16.5

5.9

4.50

4.97

7.68

8.68

9.93

11.97

16.47

5.9

99.9

99.8

99.9

99.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

..

2.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

802

935

1236

1396

1586

2244

..

6.2

Hydro

756

884

1064

1163

1163

1758

..

5.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

46

51

172

232

422

485

..

14.9

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

218 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Iceland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

4504

4972

7679

8681

9926

11975

16467

5.9

Hydro

4204

4682

6356

7019

7293

8394

12427

4.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300

290

1323

1658

2631

3579

4038

15.7

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

4

1

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

4504

4865

6830

7532

8494

10552

..

5.1

Hydro

4204

4682

6356

7019

7293

8394

..

4.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300

183

474

509

1199

2156

..

12.3

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

1

1

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

1

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

4

1

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

107

849

1149

1432

1423

..

-

Geothermal

-

107

849

1149

1432

1423

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 219

Iceland (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

4819

7457

7414

8726

9675

8555

8638

3.4

Geothermal

4819

7421

7369

8670

9619

8515

8600

3.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

18 e

23 e

28

28

20

19

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

18 e

22 e

28

28

20

19

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

4247

7103

6967

8071

8709

7800

..

3.6

Geothermal

4247

7103

6967

8071

8709

7800

..

3.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

572

354

447

655

966

755

..

1.6

Geothermal

of which:

572

318

402

599

910

715

..

1.3

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

18 e

23 e

28

28

20

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

18 e

22 e

28

28

20

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

220 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Iceland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

722 722 -722 8394 8394 -

Tide wave ocean

Wind

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

3224 3224 -1622 -972 -44 -129 457 18 18 439 360 24 18 36 3579 2156 1423 8515 7800 715

Solar thermal

Industrial waste

-

-

Mun. waste renew.

3 3 -2 -1 1 1 20 20

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 221

Iceland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

3 3 -2 -1 1 1 20 20

Wood/ wood waste

Charcoal

-

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

Biogasoline

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

3952 3952 -2348 -972 -46 -129 457 18 18 439 360 24 18 36 11975 10552 1423 8555 7800 755

Share in total energy sources

100.0% 80.7% x x x x 18.2% 1.8% 45.2% 44.7% 60.1% 19.6% 42.4% 16.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 92.5% 100.0% 52.1%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

222 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Iceland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

43493 43493 18764 1726 23003 1897 21106

48640 48640 25649 2863 20128 1828 18300

73600 73600 47272 3387 22941 2415 20526

85000 85000 60470 2930 21600 1500 20100

110100 110100 86325 2847 20928 1500 19428

135000 135000 110474 5400 19126 758 18368

115980 115980 91380 5400 19200 .. ..

6.9 6.9 11.0 x -1.1 -5.3 -0.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

23 e 23 e 23 e -

28 e 28 e 28 e -

126 126 126 -

126 126 .. -

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

35 35 35 -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

49 e 49 e 49 e -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 223

Iceland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

35 35 35 -

35 35 35 -

126 126 126 -

126 126 .. -

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

22 e 22 e 22 e -

28 e 28 e 28 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42 42 42 -

12 12 12 -

11 11 2 9 9

15 15 .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

224 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Iceland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 225

Ireland

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

226 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Ireland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 18.8%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 97.9% Hydro 35.7%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 64.2%

Renewables 1.7% Oil 44.9%

Other(3) 0.1%

Coal 21.1%

Biogas 2.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

10 Mtoe

0.17 Mtoe

0.11 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.8%

Gas 28.4%

Hydro 12.3%

Biogas 14.2%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 76.9%

Renewables 3.1%

Liquid Biomass 9.0%

Coal 10.5%

Oil 52.0%

Other(3) 36.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

15 Mtoe

0.47 Mtoe

0.24 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 3.5 3

TWh

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 227

Ireland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

9.97 0.17

10.37 0.15

13.60 0.23

14.37 0.36

14.65 0.42

15.06 0.47

15.12 0.56

2.5 6.2

3.6

1.7

1.5

1.7

2.5

2.9

3.1

3.7

48.70

61.09

96.60

126.61

133.83

141.90

139.40

6.5

0.20

0.17

0.14

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

-3.8

145

121

100

81

78

75

77

-3.8

Population (millions)

3.51

3.60

3.80

4.15

4.25

4.36

4.43

1.3

TPES/population (toe per capita)

2.84

2.88

3.58

3.46

3.45

3.46

3.41

1.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

14.2

17.6

23.7

25.6

27.1

27.9

28.5

4.0

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.70

0.73

1.19

1.87

2.47

2.76

3.51

8.4

4.9

4.1

5.0

7.3

9.1

9.9

12.3

4.2

1.6

1.9

3.3

4.1

4.4

4.6

..

6.7

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

0.02

..

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.1

0.5

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

513

523

658

1038

1297

1408

..

6.1

Hydro

513

517

528

526

526

526

..

0.1

290

290

292

292

292

292

..

0.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

115

494

746

855

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

15

18

25

27

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

2

2

4

13

15

34

..

18.1

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

1

1

3

9

11

24

..

20.6

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

228 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Ireland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

983

984

1489

2217

2838

3106

3838

7.0

Hydro

983

968

1150

975

1088

1016

1300

0.2

286

255

304

344

364

349

331

1.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

16

244

1112

1622

1958

2410

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

8

8

13

16

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

95

122

120

119

112

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

983

984

1489

2193

2818

3076

..

6.9

Hydro

983

968

1150

975

1088

1016

..

0.2

286

255

304

344

364

349

..

1.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

16

244

1112

1622

1958

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

95

106

108

102

..

-

1

of which: pumped storage

of which:

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

24

20

30

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

8

8

13

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

16

12

17

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 229

Ireland (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

230 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Ireland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

57 57 -57 667 667 -

Wind

168 168 -168 1958 1958 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

2 2 2 2 1 1 -

Solar thermal

1 1 1 1 1 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 231

Ireland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

169 13 182 -3 179 151 57 93 28 23 5 13 13 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

24 24 -24 102 102 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

8 8 -5 3 3 3 17 17 -

Biogasoline

2 2 2 1 1 -

1 5 -3 3 3 3 3 -

Biodiesel

12 7 -4 16 1 17 17 17 -

Other liquid biofuels

2 2 2 2 2 -

Total renew. & waste sources

446 25 -7 465 1 -249 -8 209 152 58 93 22 22 34 25 9 2757 2727 30 -

Share in total energy sources

31.7% 0.2% x 3.1% x x x 1.7% 5.9% 11.0% 67.8% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.9% 0.5% 9.9% 10.5% 1.6% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

232 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Ireland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

18 18 18 18

42 42 42 42

87 87 87 87

87 87 87 ..

24.8 24.8 24.8 24.8

2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

19 19 19 19

23 23 23 23

52 52 52 52

117 117 117 ..

21.1 21.1 21.1 21.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 233

Ireland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4416 4416 4416 2545 1871

3725 3725 3725 2482 1243

4740 4740 4740 4020 720

7448 5 7453 102 7351 6676 675

7585 79 7664 102 7562 6801 761

7092 522 7614 134 7480 6310 1170

6992 518 7510 .. .. .. ..

2.8 3.3 3.1 5.5 -2.7

-

-

988 988 988 -

1044 1044 1044 -

1064 1064 1064 -

1001 1001 1001 -

1085 1085 .. -

-

-

-

-

202 202 101 101 101

214 214 -1 103 112 112

329 329 211 118 118

335 335 .. .. ..

x -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

234 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Ireland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

95 95 95 95 -

119 119 119 119 -

180 180 180 180 -

188 188 188 165 23

75 75 -1 76 64 12

72 72 72 60 12

72 72 .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.6 x -1.6 -2.7 -

-

-

-

21 -7 14 14 -

1018 1 1019 19 1000 1000

1644 8725 -4823 5546 -454 6000 6000

2025 26229 -2016 26238 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

861 -1 860 -140 1000 1000

788 12 800 -200 1000 1000

14203 8208 -3868 18543 -457 19000 19000

17547 20829 1453 39829 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

436 -80 356 356 4 352 -

1685 -197 1488 7 1481 1481 -

1956 -189 1767 1767 1767 -

1956 -189 1767 .. .. -

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 235

Italy

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

236 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Italy Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Hydro 42.0%

Gas 26.6%

Biogas 0.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 12.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 1.4%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%

Oil 56.9%

Renewables 4.4%

Coal 10.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 98.4%

Other(3) 46.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

147 Mtoe

6.47 Mtoe

0.78 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Other(3) 44.9%

Gas 39.0% Non-Renew. Waste 0.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 66.7%

Renewables 6.8%

Biogas 10.2% Liquid Biomass 4.7%

Coal 9.4% Oil 42.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 31.7%

Hydro 23.4%

Renew. Mun. Waste 18.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

178 Mtoe

12.03 Mtoe

3.81 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 70 60

TWh

50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 237

Italy 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

146.70 6.47

159.22 7.72

170.67 10.11

182.88 11.63

181.13 12.50

178.16 12.03

174.48 13.39

1.1 3.7

2.5

4.4

4.8

5.9

6.4

6.9

6.8

7.7

937.60

998.73

1097.34

1145.68

1166.78

1183.77

1179.40

1.4

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.15

0.15

-0.2

101

103

100

103

100

97

95

-0.2

56.72

56.84

56.94

58.61

58.94

59.32

59.05

0.3

2.59

2.80

3.00

3.12

3.07

3.00

2.96

0.9

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

213.1

237.4

269.9

296.8

307.7

308.2

312.4

2.2

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

34.91

41.46

50.89

48.44

50.63

47.72

57.54

1.9

16.4

17.5

18.8

16.3

16.5

15.5

18.4

-0.3

30.9

34.7

36.9

38.7

39.0

39.1

..

1.4

-

-

-

0.18

0.16

0.14

..

-

-

-

-

0.5

0.4

0.4

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total capacity

19364

20520

22003

25323

27001

27960

..

2.2

Hydro

18770

19844

20346

20993 e

21072

21117

..

0.7

6188

6880

6957

7103

7544

7544

..

1.2

of which: pumped storage

90-07

496

470

590

671 e

671

671

..

1.8

Solar photovoltaic

4

16

19

34 e

45

87

..

19.9

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

3

22

363

1902

2702

..

49.2

Geothermal

1635 e

Industrial waste

-

-

-

34

31

27

..

-

Municipal waste

46

79

287

1162

1063

1091

..

20.5

4

68

218 e

510

1923

1936

..

43.9

41

21

180

284

294

329

..

13.0

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

120

174

271

680

866

1152

..

14.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

84

122

190

476

606

806

..

14.2

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

238 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Italy 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

Total electricity

38410 e

45754 e

58094 e

56778 e

58702 e

Hydro

35079

41907

50900

42927

43425

3453

4125

6695

6860

4705

1

of which: pumped storage

2008e

90-07

55077 e

64775

2.1

38482

45511

0.5

6431

5666

5531

3.0

5324

5527

5569

5518

3.3

31

35

38

200

14.2 -

3222

3436

Solar photovoltaics

4

13

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

9

563

2344

2971

4034

6437

56.5

Industrial waste

16

87

112

170

179

184

185

15.5

Municipal waste renew.

37 e

85 e

402 e

1309 e

1458 e

1512 e

1522

24.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

36 e

84 e

402 e

1310 e

1458 e

1512 e

1522

24.6

Solid biomass

12

30

425

2166

2313

2298

2350

36.2

Gas from biomass

2

103

567

1197

1336

1448

1530

47.3

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.8

Geothermal

18 e

of which: Electricity only plants

38378 e

45569 e

57120 e

53498 e

55660 e

52132 e

Hydro

35079

41907

50900

42927

43425

38482

..

0.5

3453

4125

6695

6860

6431

5666

..

3.0

4705

5324

5527

5569

..

3.3

31

35

38

..

14.2 -

of which: pumped storage

3222

3436

Solar photovoltaics

4

13

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

9

563

2344

2971

4034

..

56.5

Geothermal

18 e

-

-

56

111

107

103

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

36 e

78 e

134 e

415 e

547 e

591 e

..

17.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

35 e

77 e

133 e

416 e

591 e

..

18.1

Industrial waste

547 e

Solid biomass

-

14

87

963

1406

1563

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

35

524

967

1095

1161

..

-

-

Liquid biomass CHP plants

32 e

Geothermal Industrial waste

185 e

974 e

3280 e

3042 e

2945 e

-

-

..

30.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

16

87

56

59

72

81

..

10.0

Municipal waste renew.

1 e

7 e

268 e

894 e

911 e

921 e

..

49.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

1 e

7 e

269 e

894 e

911 e

921 e

..

49.4

12

16

338

1203

907

735

..

27.4

Gas from biomass

2

68

43

230

241

287

..

33.9

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 239

Italy (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

11078

13338

9776

9828

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

104

194

137

130

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

3002 e

4327 e

2780 e

2800

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

3000 e

4326 e

2779 e

2800

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

3888

3384

3390

3400

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1084

1107

690

698

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

11078

13338

9776

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

104

194

137

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

3002 e

4327 e

2780 e

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

3000 e

4326 e

2779 e

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

3888

3384

3390

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1084

1107

690

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

240 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Italy 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

2822 2822 -2762 -61 32816 32816 -

Wind

347 347 -347 4034 4034 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

3 3 -3 38 38 -

Geothermal

5001 5001 -4788 213 213 213 5569 5569 -

Solar thermal

52 52 52 52 52 -

Industrial waste

126 126 -32 -6 -8 -18 62 62 62 184 103 81 137 137 -

Mun. waste renew.

700 700 -258 -13 -415 -14 1512 591 921 2780 2780 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 241

Italy 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

700 700 -258 -13 -415 -14 1512 591 921 2779 2779 -

Wood/ wood waste

1707 790 -2 2494 -514 -7 -236 -18 -214 1506 167 167 1338 1171 167 2298 1563 735 3390 3390 -

Charcoal

47 47 115 162 15 15 147 147 -

Landfill gas

315 315 -282 -2 -29 -1 1248 1114 134 158 158 -

Sludge gas

2 2 -1 -1 9 9 18 18 -

Other biogas

71 71 -6 -4 -47 -13 191 47 144 514 514 -

Biogasoline

-

Biodiesel

180 180 180 141 141 39 39 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

12026 837 -2 12860 -9250 -106 -1151 -79 -99 2175 244 167 15 62 141 141 1789 1409 167 213 49411 46466 2945 9776 9776 -

Share in total energy sources

45.6% 0.4% 0.0% 7.2% x x x x x 1.6% 0.6% 2.0% 0.5% 2.2% 0.3% 0.4% 3.5% 5.1% 5.5% 4.1% 16.0% 23.2% 2.7% 4.8% 4.8% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

242 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Italy 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

124392 124392 115992 8400 8400

132612 132612 123696 8916 8916

178296 e 178296 e 169380 e 8916 8916

200597 200597 191681 8916 8916

207901 207901 198985 8916 8916

209405 209405 200489 8916 8916

207564 207564 198648 8916 ..

3.1 3.1 3.3 0.4 0.4

202 202 202 202

293 293 293 293

456 456 456 456

1144 1144 1144 1144

1457 1457 1457 1457

2186 2186 2186 2186

2800 2800 2800 ..

15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

3832 3832 1232 2600 e 2600 e -

4909 4909 2309 2600 2600 -

5246 5246 2646 2600 2600 -

5262 5262 2662 2600 2600 -

5300 5300 .. .. .. -

-1.2 -1.2 9.3 -4.6 -4.6 -

30000 30000 .. -

27.5 27.5 x 27.5 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

6408 6408 586 5822 5822 -

e

e

e e

4187 4187 712 3475 3475 -

e

e

e e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

470 e 470 e 470 e -

2600 2600 1419 1181 -

e

e e e

6992 6992 3592 3400 3400

e

e e

e

e

23259 e 23259 e 23259 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

26825 e 26825 e 26825 e -

29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 243

Italy 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

23258 e 23258 e 23258 e -

26825 e 26825 e 26825 e -

29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -

2008e

90-07

30000 30000 .. -

27.5 27.5 x 27.5 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

469 e 469 e 469 e -

2600 2600 1420 1180 -

e

e e e

6992 6992 3592 3400 3400

e

e e

e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

28163 3843 32006 2943 29063 3390 25673

40950 9693 50643 e 1 4766 e 45876 6870 39006

49381 20388 69769 9910 59859 8667 51192

74949 26000 100949 39649 61300 8300 53000

80326 37639 117965 40465 77500 8300 69200

71469 32990 104459 41408 63051 7000 56051

80000 25641 105641 .. .. .. ..

5.6 13.5 7.2 x 16.8 4.7 4.4 4.7

5345 5345 5345 -

11431 11431 11431 -

12549 12549 12549 -

13176 13176 13176 -

14200 14200 .. -

-

37 37 37 -

38 38 38 -

87 87 87 -

50 50 .. -

4.4 4.4 4.4 -

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

821 821 821 -

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

42 e 42 e 42 e -

27 e 27 e 27 e -

54 e 54 e 54 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

244 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Italy 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2091 2091 2091 -

2438 2438 2438 -

2977 2977 2977 -

3200 3200 .. -

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

99 e 99 e 99 e -

81 e 81 e 81 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

200000 200000 200000 200000

223000 223000 223000 180000

202000 202000 202000 158000

634000 120000 -20000 734000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

78 39 117 117 28 89

100 45 145 145 20 125

129 63 192 192 21 171

156 64 220 220 20 200

160 67 227 .. .. ..

8.2 10.4 10.4 9.8

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

41 41 41 41

e

e e e

63 63 63 63

e

e e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 245

Japan

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

246 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Japan Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Hydro 50.5%

Gas 10.1%

Nuclear 12.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 94.8%

Renewables 3.5%

Coal 17.2% Oil 57.2%

Biogas 1.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 31.5%

Other(3) 18.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 4.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

438 Mtoe

15.21 Mtoe

4.79 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Gas 16.2% Waste 0.2% Hydro 39.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 86.9%

Nuclear 13.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 39.1%

Renewables 3.2%

Biogas 2.2%

Oil 44.8% Coal 22.3%

Renew. Mun. Waste 10.9%

Other(3) 21.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

514 Mtoe

16.34 Mtoe

6.39 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 140 120

TWh

100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 247

Japan 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

438.09 15.21

493.21 15.88

517.69 16.60

518.90 16.38

518.29 17.26

513.52 16.34

491.11 15.04

0.9 0.4

-0.5

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.1

4122.36

4445.39

4667.47

4979.57

5098.95

5205.02

5164.60

1.4

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

-0.4

96

100

100

94

92

89

86

-0.4

123.48

125.47

126.84

127.77

127.76

127.76

127.56

0.2

3.55

3.93

4.08

4.06

4.06

4.02

3.85

0.7

835.5

960.2

1048.6

1088.4

1093.0

1123.5

1078.1

1.8

100.66

96.48

103.47

99.91

111.26

98.86

95.91

-0.1

12.0

10.0

9.9

9.2

10.2

8.8

8.9

-1.8

63.4

75.4

78.0

75.7

74.6

73.1

..

0.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

Total capacity

38101 e

44495 e

48593 e

51976 e

52905 e

52792 e

..

1.9

Hydro

37830

43456

46324

47292

47358

47313

..

1.3

17005

22285

24305

25159

25159

25489

..

2.4

270

504

533

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic

1 e

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

535

532

532

..

4.1

1421 e

1709 e

1919 e

..

56.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

1527

..

-

43 e

330 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

84

1227

1805

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

491

1322

1501

1501

1501

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

6999 e

7510 e

7218 e

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

4899 e

5257 e

5053 e

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

248 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Japan 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

108097 e

106978 e

115489 e

113427 e

124940 e

112928 e

105737

0.3

95835

91216

96817

86350

97340

84234

81351

-0.8

6530

9098

9564

9880

9816

10225

7128

2.7

1741

3173

3348

3226

3081

3043

2762

3.3

Solar photovoltaics

1

-

2

1

6

8

12

13.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

109

1754

2210

2624

2919

-

1

Total electricity Hydro

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

Industrial waste

903 e

Municipal waste renew.

904 e

1401 e

97

217

449

425

455

-

2352 e

3418 e

3418 e

3418 e

2247

8.1

2248

8.1

8713

9785

10410

15042

15017

15757

13743

3.5

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

0.3

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

1402 e

90-07

2354 e

3419 e

3419 e

3419 e

of which: 108097 e

106978 e

115489 e

113427 e

124940 e

95835

91216

96817

86350

97340

84234

..

-0.8

6530

9098

9564

9880

9816

10225

..

2.7

1741

3173

3348

3226

3081

3043

..

3.3

Solar photovoltaics

1

-

2

1

6

8

..

13.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

109

1754

2210

2624

..

-

Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

903 e

217

449

425

..

-

3418 e

3418 e

3418 e

..

8.1

..

8.1

9785

10410

15042

15017

15757

..

3.5

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

1402 e

97 2352 e

8713

Municipal waste non-renew.

904 e

1401 e

112928 e

2354 e

3419 e

3419 e

3419 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 249

Japan (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

1333

3666

5412

5710

5701

5700

3642

8.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

54

101

153

108

93

93

72

3.2

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1279

3565

5259

5602

5608

5607

3570

9.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1333

3666

5412

5710

5701

5700

..

8.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

54

101

153

108

93

93

..

3.2

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1279

3565

5259

5602

5608

5607

..

9.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

Industrial waste

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

250 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Japan 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

6365 6365 -5730 -635 74009 74009 -

Wind

226 226 -1 -225 2624 2624 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 8 8 -

Geothermal

2821 2821 -2448 -169 204 204 117 87 3043 3043 -

Solar thermal

539 539 539 539 522 18 -

Industrial waste

288 288 -6 -80 -3 200 200 4 113 83 425 425 93 93

Mun. waste renew.

699 699 -269 -430 3418 3418 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 251

Japan 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

699 699 -269 -430 3419 3419 -

Wood/ wood waste

5548 e 5548 -608 -2364 -31 e 2546 2533 2533 13 13 15757 15757 -

Charcoal

13 13 13 13 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

141 141 -141 5607 5607

Biogasoline

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

17327 17327 -6 -9325 -4334 -144 -18 3502 2733 4 113 2616 769 548 135 87 102703 102703 5700 5700

Share in total energy sources

19.2% 3.4% x x x x x 1.0% 2.8% 0.0% 1.3% 29.7% 0.7% 1.1% 0.2% 3.0% 9.1% 9.1% 22.8% 22.8%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

252 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Japan 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

65986 65986 62679 3307 3307

122928 122928 114221 8707 8707

129777 129777 120526 9251 9251

125210 125210 116126 9084 9084

119535 119535 110911 8624 8624

118114 118114 109574 8540 8540

107051 107051 99432 7619 ..

3.5 3.5 3.3 5.7 5.7

48893 48893 48893 48893

42112 42112 42112 42112

33823 33823 33823 33823

23775 23775 23775 23775

22575 22575 22575 22575

22575 22575 22575 22575

21460 21460 21460 ..

-4.4 -4.4 -4.4 -4.4

80 80 80 -

123 123 123 -

7380 7380 -2 987 6395 6395 -

9864 9864 64 1843 7957 7957 -

12673 12673 23 3674 8976 8976 -

12062 12062 235 3467 8360 8360 -

8514 8514 .. .. .. .. -

34.3 34.3 x 24.8 -

8219 e 8219 e 8219 e -

12669 e 12669 e 12669 e -

29225 e 29225 e 29225 e -

29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -

29274 29274 .. -

7.8 7.8 7.8 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

20468 e 20468 e 20468 e -

29277 e 29277 e 29277 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 253

Japan 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

12670 e 12670 e 12670 e -

20466 e 20466 e 20466 e -

29278 e 29278 e 29278 e -

29226 e 29226 e 29226 e -

29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -

29274 29274 .. -

7.8 7.8 7.8 -

187423 e 187423 e 89401 e 98022 95857 2165

190959 e 190959 e 86603 e 104356 103135 1221

220104 e 220104 e 120463 e 99641 99102 539

222462 e 222462 e 120422 e 102040 101498 542

232349 e 232349 e 125749 e 106600 106058 542

190256 190256 .. .. .. ..

1.2 1.2 2.6 -0.1 0.0 -10.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

8220 e 8220 e 8220 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

190009 e 190009 e 81175 e 108834 105604 3230

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

401 401 401 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

254 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Japan 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1751 1751 1751 -

4006 4006 4006 -

5488 5488 5488 -

5950 5950 5950 -

5906 5906 5906 -

5906 5906 5906 -

3745 3745 .. -

7.4 7.4 7.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

35 35 35 35

31 31 31 31

25 25 25 25

18 18 18 18

18 18 18 18

18 18 18 18

18 18 .. ..

-3.8 -3.8 -3.8 -3.8

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 255

Korea

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

256 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Korea Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 2.9%

Hydro 54.4%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Oil 53.4%

Nuclear 14.8%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.2%

Renewables 1.1%

Biogas 3.9%

Other(3) 1.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 0.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 44.7%

Coal 27.5%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

93 Mtoe

1.01 Mtoe

0.45 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 14.0%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.8%

Oil 42.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 33.1%

Nuclear 16.8%

Biogas 20.2%

Hydro 23.5%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 70.5%

Renewables 0.6%

Coal 25.3%

Other(3) 5.9%

Liquid Biomass 9.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 37.8%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

222 Mtoe

1.33 Mtoe

0.94 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 8 7 6 TWh

5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 257

Korea 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

93.09 1.01

146.67 0.43

188.85 0.76

210.38 1.08

213.84 1.18

222.20 1.33

227.23 1.50

5.3 1.6

-3.4

1.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

283.56

413.01

511.66

639.39

672.22

705.65

723.40

5.5

0.33

0.36

0.37

0.33

0.32

0.31

0.31

-0.2

89

96

100

89

86

85

85

-0.2

42.87

45.09

47.01

48.14

48.30

48.46

48.60

0.7

2.17

3.25

4.02

4.37

4.43

4.59

4.68

4.5

105.4

181.1

288.5

387.9

402.3

425.9

440.5

8.6

6.36

3.01

4.11

4.05

4.02

4.56

4.38

-1.9

6.0

1.7

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

-9.7

10.6

20.1

22.2

26.5

26.8

27.8

..

5.8

-

-

-

0.01

0.04

0.08

..

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.1

0.3

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

2341

3245 e

3219 e

4083 e

5839 e

5906

..

5.6

Hydro

2340

3093

3149

3883

5485

5492

..

5.1

1000

1600

1600

2300

3900

3900

..

8.3

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

1

2

4

14

36

81

..

29.5

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

7

99

178

196

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

4 e

7

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

11 e

36

39 e

38

..

-

Solid biomass

-

150 e

48 e

17 e

17 e

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

30

80

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

1257 e

1337 e

1362 e

1241

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

880 e

936 e

953 e

869

..

-

-

4 e

-

-

6

..

-

86

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

258 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Korea 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

6362

5730 e

5725 e

5628 e

5836 e

6062

7002

-0.3

Hydro

6361

5478

5610

5189

5219

5042

5563

-1.4

-

2718

1600

1516

1751

1411

2493

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

2

5

15

31

71

264

28.5

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

17

130

239

376

381

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

22 e

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

14 e

Solid biomass

-

250 e

46

Gas from biomass

-

-

11

Liquid biomass

-

-

of which: pumped storage

12

12

11

10

-

71 e

82 e

113

196

-

48 e

55 e

82

120

-

33

32

25

38

-

130

166

342

430

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

6362

5730 e

5689

5509

5699

5836

..

-0.5

Hydro

6361

5478

5610

5189

5219

5042

..

-1.4

-

2718

1600

1516

1751

1411

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

2

5

15

31

71

..

28.5

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

17

130

239

376

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

12

12

11

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

250 e

46

33

32

25

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

11

130

166

311

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

36 e

226

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

22 e

71 e

82 e

113

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

14 e

48 e

55 e

82

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

31

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

119 e

137 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 259

Korea (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000 3353 e

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

519 e

7996

8872

10872

15066

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

311 e

2012 e

4622 e

5048 e

5797

8033

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

208 e

1341 e

3082 e

3365 e

4179

5791

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

292

459

896

1242

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

1529

1595

3362

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

917 e

957 e

1589

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

612 e

638 e

1146

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

627

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

6467

7277

7510

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

311 e

2012 e

3705 e

4091 e

4208

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

208 e

1341 e

2470 e

2727 e

3033

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

292

459

269

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

519 e

3353 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

260 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Korea 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

312 312 -312 3631 3631 -

Wind

32 32 -32 -1 376 376 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

6 6 -2 -4 71 71 -

Geothermal

11 11 11 11 11 -

Solar thermal

29 29 29 29 24 5 -

Industrial waste

1437 1437 -2 1434 1424 2 131 22 419 14 8 173 10 645 10 10 11 11 -

Mun. waste renew.

353 353 -121 -100 132 132 132 113 113 5797 1589 4208

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 261

Korea 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

255 255 -87 -72 95 95 95 82 82 4179 1146 3033

Wood/ wood waste

281 29 309 -6 304 225 114 75 6 30 79 43 35 25 25 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

107 107 -77 -20 -7 3 3 3 338 307 31 896 627 269

Sludge gas

71 71 -1 71 71 71 2 2 -

Other biogas

10 10 10 7 7 3 3 2 2 -

Biogasoline

-

Biodiesel

82 2 84 -5 79 79 79 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

2986 29 2 3016 -5 -423 -14 -20 -208 -7 -172 2168 1659 2 134 22 419 14 15 287 75 16 675 79 79 430 67 362 4651 4425 226 10872 3362 7510

Share in total energy sources

7.0% 0.0% x 1.4% x x x x x x x 1.5% 4.0% 0.0% 1.7% 6.5% 7.2% 0.3% 1.0% 13.0% 26.9% 0.5% 20.5% 0.3% 0.3% 1.1% 0.4% 2.0% 1.1% 1.1% 0.6% 5.5% 1.8% 51.5%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

262 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Korea 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

107 107 107 10 97

260 260 260 16 244

465 465 465 19 446

639 639 639 .. ..

-

416 416 -1 417 417

925 925 925 925

1745 1745 1745 1745

1454 1454 1454 9 1445

1382 1382 1382 11 1371

1229 1229 1229 16 1213

1151 1151 1151 .. ..

6.6 6.6 x 6.6 6.5

11663 11663 72 11591 11426 165

32926 32926 502 32424 32044 380

39228 39228 174 39054 38833 221

51435 51435 1 116 51318 50968 350

58646 58646 1 109 58536 58134 402

60163 60163 104 60059 59651 408

67899 67899 .. .. .. ..

10.1 10.1 x 10.2 10.2 5.5

14788 14788 9275 5513 5513

16703 16703 .. .. ..

30.5 30.5 x 23.1 23.1

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

160 160 160 160

e

e

e

e

766 766 1 311 454 454

e

e e

e

e

4579 4579 -1 2218 2362 2362

e

e e

e

e

12692 12692 1 7433 5258 5258

e

e e

e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

13534 13534 8208 5326 5326

e

e e

e

e

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 263

Korea 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

10660 10660 -1 6686 3975 3975

11135 11135 .. .. .. ..

31.1 31.1 x 23.7 23.7

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

107 107 107 107

e

e

e

e

510 510 -1 208 303 303

e

e e

e

e

3053 3053 1479 1574 1574

e

e e

e

e

8461 8461 -1 4956 3506 3506

e

e e

e

e

9022 9022 5471 3551 3551

e

e e

e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

16950 972 17922 17922 17922

4464 553 5017 1534 3483 3483

8253 1153 9406 433 8973 4518 4455

12220 1101 13321 308 13013 9603 3410

12021 1163 13184 304 12880 9346 3534

11747 1205 12952 236 12716 9421 3295

14574 1205 15779 .. .. .. ..

-2.1 1.3 -1.9 -2.0 -9.5

-

-

-

1836 1836 1716 120 120 -

2615 2615 2272 343 108 235

4498 4498 4387 111 111 -

5298 5298 .. .. .. -

-

238 238 238 238

550 550 550 550

671 671 112 559 559

898 898 898 898

2806 2806 2806 2806

2979 2979 -1 21 2959 2959

3244 3244 .. .. .. ..

16.0 16.0 x 16.0 16.0

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

264 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Korea 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

501 501 501 501 -

813 813 813 813 -

821 821 821 821 -

672 672 672 672 -

435 435 9 426 294 132

435 435 19 416 294 122

474 474 .. .. .. ..

-0.8 -0.8 -1.1 -3.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12157 12157 157 12000 12000

48394 -4000 44394 394 44000 44000

90000 2000 92000 5000 87000 87000

165042 165042 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 265

Luxembourg

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

266 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Luxembourg Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Oil 43.4%

Hydro 39.8% Renew. Mun. Waste 100.0%

Gas 12.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 60.2%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.5%

Coal 33.2%

Renewables 0.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

0.02 Mtoe

0.01 Mtoe

3 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 20.8%

Hydro 10.1%

Gas 28.5%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.6%

Other(3) 8.2%

Biogas 13.4%

Renew. Mun. Waste 19.1%

Renewables 2.2% Coal 1.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 81.7%

Oil 58.8%

Liquid Biomass 46.7%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4 Mtoe

0.09 Mtoe

0.07 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 1.2 1

TWh

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 267

Luxembourg 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

3.41 0.02

3.15 0.03

3.32 0.04

4.28 0.05

4.31 0.06

4.22 0.09

4.13 0.07

1.3 11.2

9.8

0.4

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.3

2.2

1.8

12.40

15.05

20.27

24.16

25.71

27.05

27.70

4.7

0.28

0.21

0.16

0.18

0.17

0.16

0.15

-3.3 -3.3

168

128

100

108

102

95

91

Population (millions)

0.38

0.41

0.44

0.47

0.47

0.48

0.49

1.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

8.93

7.69

7.55

9.21

9.11

8.79

8.48

-0.1 10.1

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

0.6

0.5

0.4

3.4

3.5

3.2

2.7

0.08

0.11

0.17

0.21

0.24

0.25

0.27

6.8

13.3

22.0

39.3

6.4

6.9

8.0

9.8

-3.0

0.9

1.1

1.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

..

5.5

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

0.03

..

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

1.6

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total capacity

1140

1140

1164

1215

1217

1217

..

0.4

Hydro

1134

1134

1139

1140

1140

1140

..

0.0

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

..

-

of which: pumped storage

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

25

25

25

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

1

1

2

2

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

15

35

35

35

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

6

6

9

9

9

9

..

2.4

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

5

6

6

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

2

4

6

6

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

1

3

4

4

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

268 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Luxembourg 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

857 e

884 e

945 e

1028

1086

1107

1150

1.5

Hydro

823

831

862

883

917

919

965

0.7

753

743

742

784

806

811

844

0.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

18

21

21

20

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

27

52

58

64

61

-

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

13 e

19 e

19 e

18

21

24

24

3.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

4.2

Industrial waste

21 e

34 e

33 e

30

36

42

41

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

4

27

33

37

39

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1001

1053

1070

..

1.3

of which: Electricity only plants

857 e

884 e

941 e

Hydro

823

831

862

883

917

919

..

0.7

753

743

742

784

806

811

..

0.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

18

21

21

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

27

52

58

64

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

13 e

19 e

19 e

18

21

24

..

3.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

of which: pumped storage

21 e

34 e

33 e

30

36

42

..

4.2

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

4

27

33

37

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

4

27

33

37

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 269

Luxembourg (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

6

156

186

209

201

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

6

156

186

209

201

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

6

156

186

209

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

6

156

186

209

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

270 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Luxembourg 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

9 9 -9 -1 108 108 -

Wind

6 6 -6 64 64 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

2 2 -2 21 21 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

-

-

Mun. waste renew.

14 14 -14 24 24 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 271

Luxembourg 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

25 25 -25 42 42 -

Wood/ wood waste

16 16 16 16 16 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

10 10 -10 37 37 209 209 -

Biogasoline

1 1 1 1 1 -

Biodiesel

34 34 34 34 34 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

82 35 117 -54 -3 -10 51 35 35 16 16 296 259 37 209 209 -

Share in total energy sources

100.0% 0.7% 2.8% x x x 1.3% 1.6% 1.6% 2.2% 2.8% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.2% 9.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

272 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Luxembourg 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

381 e 381 e 381 e -

357 e 357 e 357 e -

423 e 423 e 423 e -

551 551 551 -

588 588 588 -

599 599 599 -

583 583 .. -

2.7 2.7 2.7 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 273

Luxembourg 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

655 e 655 e 655 e -

614 e 614 e 614 e -

728 e 728 e 728 e -

948 948 948 -

1010 1010 1010 -

1030 1030 1030 -

1003 1003 .. -

2.7 2.7 2.7 -

-

645 645 645 645

668 668 668 668

645 645 645 645

650 650 650 650

650 650 650 650

650 650 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

274 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Luxembourg 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

19 19 19 -

23 23 23 -

311 311 311 -

373 373 373 -

418 418 418 -

401 401 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

1000 1000 1000 1000

.. ..

-

-

-

-

570 570 -430 1000 1000

538 538 -462 1000 1000

38518 38518 -482 39000 39000

18520 18520 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 275

Mexico

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

276 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Mexico Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 19.1% Nuclear 0.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 53.3%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0%

Renewables 11.4% Hydro 14.7% Coal 2.9% Other(3) 32.0%

Oil 66.2%

TPES(1) 121 Mtoe

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

13.77 Mtoe

7.34 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 27.4%

Hydro 13.7%

Nuclear 1.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.8%

Other(3) 38.0% Renewables 9.3%

Biogas 0.2%

Coal 4.9% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 48.2%

Oil 56.9%

TPES(1) 184 Mtoe

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

17.08 Mtoe

8.24 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 45 40 35

TWh

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 277

Mexico 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

121.16 13.77

128.94 15.07

147.43 15.92

175.16 17.06

175.10 16.62

184.26 17.08

186.25 17.84

2.5 1.3

-1.2

11.4

11.7

10.8

9.7

9.5

9.3

9.6

452.56

488.23

636.73

698.09

731.71

755.11

765.30

3.1

0.27

0.26

0.23

0.25

0.24

0.24

0.24

-0.5

116

114

100

108

103

105

105

-0.5

81.25

91.12

98.26

103.83

104.75

105.68

106.61

1.6

1.49

1.42

1.50

1.69

1.67

1.74

1.75

0.9

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

124.1

157.5

203.6

242.0

249.6

257.5

258.3

4.4

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

28.60

33.21

39.50

38.06

39.60

37.61

49.25

1.6

23.0

21.1

19.4

15.7

15.9

14.6

19.1

-2.6

28.7

31.5

34.0

42.5

45.5

48.0

..

3.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

8580

10093

10806

11859

12105 e

14517

..

3.1

Hydro

7880

9329

9634

10571

10734

13143

..

3.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

700

753

855

960

960

960

..

1.9

Solar photovoltaic

-

9

14

16

16

19

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

2

3

3

86 e

86

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

292

292

292

292

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

8

17

17

17

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

373

643

643

994

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

261

450

450

696

..

-

Geothermal

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

278 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Mexico 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

28604

33209

39502

38060

39599

37607

49248

1.6

Hydro

23478

27528

33133

27659

30394

27276

38892

0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5124

5669

5901

7299

6685

7404

7056

2.2

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

7

9

10

9

9

13.8

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

7

19

19

59

262

255

38.8

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

433

3046

2430

2622

3000

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

9

28

21

34

36

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

28604

33209

39502

38060

39599

37607

..

1.6

Hydro

23478

27528

33133

27659

30394

27276

..

0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5124

5669

5901

7299

6685

7404

..

2.2

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

7

9

10

9

..

13.8

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

7

19

19

59

262

..

38.8

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

433

3046

2430

2622

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

9

28

21

34

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 279

Mexico (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

280 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Mexico 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

2346 2346 -2326 -20 27276 27276 -

Wind

23 23 -21 -1 262 262 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 9 9 -

Geothermal

6365 6365 -6365 7404 7404 -

Solar thermal

108 108 108 108 108 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 281

Mexico 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

8225 8225 -1156 7069 1176 1176 5892 5892 2622 2622 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

16 16 -16 34 34 -

Biogasoline

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

17084 17084 -8712 -1194 7177 1176 1176 6000 5892 108 37607 37607 -

Share in total energy sources

6.8% 9.3% x x 6.3% 4.1% 54.6% 23.1% 31.6% 2.8% 14.6% 14.6% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

282 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Mexico 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

184464 184464 184464 -

204084 204084 204084 -

212436 212436 212436 -

262764 262764 262764 -

240660 240660 240660 -

266544 266544 266544 -

254016 254016 254016 -

2.2 2.2 2.2 -

-

-

1801 1801 1801 1801

3507 3507 3507 3507

3913 3913 3913 3913

4525 4525 4525 4525

6067 6067 6067 ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Mexico 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

307535 307535 307535 72867 234668

327881 327881 327881 84032 243849

332562 332562 33897 298665 48693 249972

348002 348002 46828 301174 53523 247651

341439 341439 46714 294725 47523 247202

344414 344414 48411 296003 49249 246754

345441 345441 .. .. .. ..

0.7 0.7 -0.2 -2.3 0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

257 257 257 -

432 432 432 -

400 400 400 -

653 653 653 -

653 653 .. -

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

284 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Mexico 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 285

Netherlands

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

286 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Netherlands Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.4%

Nuclear 1.4% Renewables 1.1%

Gas 46.9%

Biogas 8.5%

Other(3) 1.0% Hydro 1.0%

Coal 13.6%

Renew. Mun. Waste 44.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 98.0%

Oil 35.4%

TPES

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 47.1%

(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

0.72 Mtoe

0.71 Mtoe

66 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 39.5%

Gas 41.4% Non-Renew. Waste 0.9%

Other(3) 13.4% Hydro 0.4%

Nuclear 1.4%

Biogas 8.4%

Renewables 3.0% Coal 10.5% Oil 41.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 32.3%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 86.2%

Liquid Biomass 19.8%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

80 Mtoe

2.38 Mtoe

2.06 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 10 9 8

TWh

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 287

Netherlands 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

65.67 0.72

70.54 0.83

73.15 1.25

78.78 2.11

76.61 2.23

80.42 2.38

79.62 2.83

1.2 7.3

6.0

1.1

1.2

1.7

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.6

281.96

315.81

385.08

411.17

425.05

439.76

448.60

2.6

0.23

0.22

0.19

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.18

-1.4

123

118

100

101

95

96

93

-1.4

14.95

15.46

15.92

16.32

16.34

16.38

16.53

0.5

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.39

4.56

4.59

4.83

4.69

4.91

4.82

0.7

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

71.9

81.0

89.7

100.2

98.4

103.2

107.7

2.1

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.80

1.40

2.99

7.47

8.07

7.61

9.48

14.2

1.1

1.7

3.3

7.4

8.2

7.4

8.8

11.8

8.4

9.4

10.4

11.1

11.5

11.6

..

1.9

-

-

-

-

0.04

0.31

..

-

-

-

-

-

0.4

2.7

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

Total capacity

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

290

572

963

2583

2868

2700

..

14.0

37

37

37

37

37

37

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

1

2

13

51

52

53

..

26.3

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

50

250

447

1224

1558

1748

..

23.3

Wind Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

196

277

394

429

429

506

..

5.7

Solid biomass

6

6

72

343

299

324

..

26.4

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

499

493

32

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

76

162

360

620

646

673

..

13.7

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

53

113

252

434

452

471

..

13.7

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

288 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Netherlands 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1195

2002

4222

8916

9512

9146

10943

12.7

85

88

142

88

106

107

102

1.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

8

34

35

35

38

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

317

829

2067

2733

3438

4259

27.4

1

Total electricity Hydro

of which: pumped storage

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

539

705

1292

1287

1333

1421

1348

5.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

Industrial waste

394

602

1228

1451

1443

1539

1460

8.3

Solid biomass

34

41

435

2246

1840

1970

2616

27.0

Gas from biomass

87

248

288

294

362

512

661

11.0

-

-

-

1449

1660

124

459

-

141

1298

3036

6447

6151

5514

..

24.1

85

88

142

88

106

107

..

1.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

8

34

35

35

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

317

829

2067

2733

3438

..

27.4

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

426

847

880

371

378

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

364

805

992

401

409

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

291

842

699

735

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

102

114

95

146

288

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1449

1660

124

..

-

CHP plants

1054

704

1186

2469

3361

3632

..

7.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

539

279

445

407

962

1043

..

4.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

394

238

423

459

1042

1130

..

6.4

Solid biomass

34

41

144

1404

1141

1235

..

23.5

Gas from biomass

87

146

174

199

216

224

..

5.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

(1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 289

Netherlands (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

3377

2927

6442

8853

9356

9689

9643

6.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

1806

1363

3176

3579

3930

3910

3910

4.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

1318

1165

3019

4035

4257

4236

4236

7.1

233

248

203

1171

1128

1471

1425

11.4

20

151

44

68

41

72

72

7.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

3377

2822

1632

3760

4005

4352

..

1.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

1806

1306

710

1185

1361

1348

..

-1.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

1318

1117

675

1336

1475

1461

..

0.6

233

248

203

1171

1128

1471

..

11.4 7.8

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

Solid biomass

20

151

44

68

41

72

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

105

4810

5093

5351

5337

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

57

2466

2394

2569

2562

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

48

2344

2699

2782

2775

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

290 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Netherlands 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

9 9 -9 107 107 -

Wind

296 296 -237 -59 3438 3438 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

3 3 -3 36 36 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

20 20 20 20 18 3 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

665 665 -164 -419 -82 1421 378 1043 3910 1348 2562

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 291

Netherlands 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

720 720 -177 -454 -89 1539 409 1130 4236 1461 2775

Wood/ wood waste

520 289 809 -179 -264 -9 357 109 24 1 84 248 222 9 17 1970 735 1235 1471 1471 -

Charcoal

43 -41 2 4 6 6 6 -

Landfill gas

46 46 -11 -21 -3 -1 10 10 10 115 101 14 72 72 -

Sludge gas

48 48 -18 29 29 29 143 143 -

Other biogas

80 80 -45 -11 24 24 1 19 4 254 187 67 -

Biogasoline

52 e 52 e 104 -16 88 88 88 -

Biodiesel

75 220 -19 276 -53 223 223 223 -

Other liquid biofuels

10 17 26 1 -27 124 124 -

Total renew. & waste sources

2544 621 -60 3104 -68 -463 -469 -267 -903 -171 -5 757 133 1 19 4 24 1 84 311 311 313 246 51 17 9147 5515 3632 9689 4352 5337

Share in total energy sources

4.1% 0.4% 0.1% 3.9% x x x x x x x 1.3% 1.1% 0.0% 0.9% 0.4% 38.1% 0.4% 15.6% 2.6% 2.7% 1.5% 2.7% 0.7% 0.4% 8.9% 11.9% 6.4% 6.9% 3.5% 35.4%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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292 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Netherlands 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

89 89 89 89

198 198 198 198

456 456 456 456

783 783 783 783

812 812 812 812

843 843 843 843

881 881 881 ..

14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13205 13205 13205 -

15450 15450 15450 -

25512 25512 25512 -

26659 26659 26659 -

26616 26616 26616 -

27845 27845 27845 -

29573 29573 .. -

4.5 4.5 4.5 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 293

Netherlands 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

13204 13204 13204 -

24255 24255 24255 -

30063 30063 30063 -

28834 28834 28834 -

30165 30165 30165 -

32037 32037 .. -

6.9 6.9 6.9 -

13898 13898 740 13158 1316 11842

12755 12755 810 11945 1746 10199

17513 212 17725 5448 12277 2043 10234

21584 12580 34164 20598 13566 3733 9833

23269 9354 32623 18055 14568 4437 10131

21769 12107 33876 18911 14965 4578 10387

27953 13409 41362 .. .. .. ..

2.7 5.4 21.0 0.8 7.6 -0.8

392 392 221 171 171

2238 2238 1563 675 675

2313 2313 1697 616 616

1909 1909 1463 446 446

1926 1926 1481 445 445

1909 1909 1492 417 417

1718 1718 .. .. ..

9.8 9.8 11.9 5.4 5.4

1679 1679 341 1338 1338

1834 1834 479 1355 1355

1925 1925 529 1396 1396

1946 1946 699 1247 1247

2010 2010 823 1187 1187

1998 1998 765 1233 1233

1998 1998 .. .. ..

1.0 1.0 4.9 -0.5 -0.5

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

9635 9635 9635 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

294 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Netherlands 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

468 468 18 450 450 -

826 826 33 793 793 -

974 974 75 899 899 -

1240 1240 260 980 980 -

1973 1973 855 1118 1118 -

3347 3347 2341 1006 1006 -

5013 5013 .. .. .. -

12.3 12.3 33.2 4.8 4.8 -

-

-

-

-

14245 14245 28490 490 28000 28000

78321 114679 193000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

18000 7480 25480 480 25000 25000

85000 226746 311746 59746 252000 252000

83000 263000 346000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

60229 309015 369244 369244 -

91656 327995 419651 419651 -

11328 19279 30607 30607 -

38834 66092 104926 .. -

-

5 4 9 9 9

5 4 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 .. ..

1.1 -1.7 -

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

e e e e

78321 78320 156641 24641 132000 132000

e e e e

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 295

New Zealand

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

296 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

New Zealand Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Hydro 42.1%

Gas 29.3% Oil 26.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.9%

Renewables 35.8%

Coal 8.5%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 11.5%

Other(3) 46.4%

Biogas 4.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

13 Mtoe

4.77 Mtoe

0.55 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 21.8%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 20.3%

Hydro 37.0%

Oil 36.5%

Biogas 6.1%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%

Coal 9.1%

Other(3) 42.7%

Renewables 32.6%

TPES(1)

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 93.9%

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5.46 Mtoe

1.11 Mtoe

17 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 35 30

TWh

25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 297

New Zealand 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

13.31 4.77

15.29 5.17

16.82 5.01

16.40 5.25

16.63 5.27

16.77 5.46

17.19 5.83

1.4 0.8

-0.6

35.8

33.8

29.8

32.0

31.7

32.6

33.9

39.62

46.17

52.66

63.47

64.46

66.38

66.00

3.1

0.34

0.33

0.32

0.26

0.26

0.25

0.26

-1.7

105

104

100

81

81

79

82

-1.7

Population (millions)

3.36

3.68

3.86

4.10

4.14

4.19

4.21

1.3

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.96

4.16

4.36

4.00

4.01

4.01

4.08

0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

32.3

35.3

39.2

43.1

43.5

43.8

43.8

1.8

25.97

29.98

28.02

27.83

28.12

28.69

28.12

0.6

80.5

84.9

71.4

64.5

64.7

65.4

64.2

-1.2

2.6

3.3

3.7

4.3

4.4

4.5

..

3.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

4989 e

5672

5752

6047

6068

6254

..

1.3

Hydro

4619

5259

5193

5345

5345

5366

..

0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

261

275

418

434

446

450

..

3.3

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

36

168

171

322

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

97 e

100 e

82

78

79

80

..

-1.1

Gas from biomass

6.7

Geothermal

12 e

38 e

23

22

27

36

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

87

87

97

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

61

61

68

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

298 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

New Zealand 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

25966

29979

28016

27827

28120

28688

28124

0.6

Hydro

23340

27259

24386

23330

23355

23516

22312

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2216

2172

2921

3188

3392

3458

4200

2.7

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

120

615

623

937

1057

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

330

336

478

518

537

565

340

3.2

80

211

111

176

213

212

215

5.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

25636

29531

27463

27196

27450

27983

..

0.5

Hydro

23340

27259

24386

23330

23355

23516

..

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2216

2118

2880

3131

3326

3391

..

2.5

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

120

615

623

937

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

153

77

120

146

139

..

3.3

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

330

448

553

631

670

705

..

4.6

Geothermal

-

54

41

57

66

67

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

330

336

478

518

537

565

..

3.2

Gas from biomass

-

58

34

56

67

73

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 299

New Zealand (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

300 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

New Zealand 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

2022 2022 -2022 23516 23516 -

Wind

81 81 -81 937 937 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

2241 2241 -1828 -36 -143 234 139 139 95 2 92 3458 3391 67 -

Solar thermal

7 7 7 7 7 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 301

New Zealand 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

1040 1040 -194 846 660 660 186 186 565 565 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

40 40 -40 139 139 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

28 28 -21 7 7 7 73 73 -

Biogasoline

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

5459 5459 -3971 -251 -143 1094 799 139 660 295 195 99 28688 27983 705 -

Share in total energy sources

39.0% 32.6% x x x 8.8% 22.6% 50.5% 78.6% 9.4% 13.1% 8.6% 65.4% 66.9% 35.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

302 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

New Zealand 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

92648 92648 75268 6000 11380 9180 2200

93303 93303 73773 6000 13530 10930 2600

85571 85571 70120 6000 9451 5492 3959

89158 89158 73486 6000 9672 5713 3959

89028 89028 73303 6000 9725 5766 3959

93860 93860 78081 6000 9779 5820 3959

116565 116565 100800 6000 9765 .. ..

0.1 0.1 0.2 x -0.9 -2.6 3.5

-

-

-

240 240 240 240

270 270 270 270

300 300 300 300

320 320 320 ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 303

New Zealand 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

34910 34910 5910 29000 20932 8068

41794 41794 6666 35128 27232 7896

42453 42453 7730 34723 26870 7853

43569 43569 8138 35431 27627 7804

40422 40422 .. .. .. ..

4.1 4.1 5.7 3.8 3.2 6.6

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

21955 21955 3161 18794 16145 2649

e

e

e e e

22364 22364 3161 19203 16614 2589

e

e

e e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

905 905 905 -

1849 1849 1849 -

767 767 767 -

1493 1493 1493 -

1641 1641 1641 -

1673 1673 1673 -

1828 1828 .. -

3.7 3.7 3.7 -

42 42 42 42

761 761 720 41 41

490 490 340 150 150

920 920 700 220 220

1065 1065 805 260 260

1153 1153 873 280 280

1040 1040 .. .. ..

21.5 21.5 11.8 11.8

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

304 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

New Zealand 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 305

Norway

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

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306 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Norway Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 9.4% Oil 38.4%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Hydro 91.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 94.5%

Renew. Mun. Waste 5.5%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 8.6%

Coal 4.1%

Renewables 54.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

11.40 Mtoe

0.98 Mtoe

21 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 16.5% Oil 35.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 86.9%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Hydro 89.7%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 9.7%

Coal 2.8%

Biogas 2.1% Liquid Biomass 2.5%

Other(3) 0.6%

TPES(1)

Renewables 47.8%

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

12.84 Mtoe

1.24 Mtoe

27 Mtoe

Renew. Mun. Waste 8.5%

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 160 140 120 TWh

100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 307

Norway 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

21.00 11.40

23.42 11.52

25.35 13.24

28.24 12.91

29.05 11.55

26.86 12.84

31.04 13.36

1.5 0.7

-0.7

54.3

49.2

52.2

45.7

39.7

47.8

43.0

116.97

140.45

168.29

187.79

192.07

198.09

202.10

3.1

0.18

0.17

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.14

0.15

-1.6

119

111

100

100

100

90

102

-1.6

Population (millions)

4.24

4.36

4.49

4.62

4.66

4.71

4.70

0.6

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.95

5.37

5.64

6.11

6.23

5.71

6.60

0.8

121.6

122.1

139.6

137.2

121.2

136.4

141.7

0.7

121.36

121.64

139.20

136.50

120.38

135.21

140.76

0.6

99.8

99.7

99.7

99.5

99.3

99.2

99.3

-0.0

2.6

3.0

3.0

3.3

3.4

3.6

..

2.0

-

-

-

c

0.01

0.03

..

-

-

-

-

c

0.2

0.8

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

Total capacity

26951

28183

28206 e

28237

29341

29737 e

..

0.6

Hydro

26884

28052

28126

27850

28941

29297 e

..

0.5

1067

673

1360

1396

1465 e

..

1.9 -

of which: pumped storage

2005

1440 e

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

5

6

7 e

8 e

8 e

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

Wind

-

3

13

270 e 5 e

282

-

-

-

322 e

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

5

5 e

..

-

Municipal waste

26 e

26 e

26 e

26

26

26 e

..

-

Solid biomass

41 e

97 e

35 e

79

79

79 e

..

3.9

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

13 e

13 e

13 e

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

9 e

9 e

9 e

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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308 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Norway 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

121624 e

122622 e

Hydro

121382

122299

139703 e

137329

120812

136395

141786

0.7

139386

136441

119726

135052

140522

237

0.6

956

471

776

375

1118

968

Geothermal

9.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

10

31

506

637

900

917

-

1

of which: pumped storage

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

6

5

11

9

-

29 e

24 e

30 e

43

55

58

45

4.2

43

56

57

45

4.1

184

29 e

265

226

290

333

317

248

3.3

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

121566

122574

139643

137253

120712

136294

..

0.7

Hydro

121382

122299

139386

136441

119726

135052

..

0.6

237

956

471

776

375

1118

..

9.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

10

31

506

637

900

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

6

5

11

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

5

5

7

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

24 e

30 e

of which:

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

5

6

7

..

-

184

265

226

290

333

317

..

3.3

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

58 e

48 e

60 e

76

100

101

..

3.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

29 e

24 e

30 e

38

50

51

..

3.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

29 e

24 e

30 e

38

50

50

..

3.3

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 309

Norway (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat

3669 e

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

4132

4518

7209

7534

8307

6507

4.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

150

467

429

537

686

537

3.1

Municipal waste renew.

1798 e

1957 e

1939 e

2728

2730

3043

2384

Municipal waste non-renew.

1798 e

1957 e

1940 e

2728

2730

3036

2378

3.1

73 e

58

160

1316

1529

1540

1206

19.6

Gas from biomass

-

10

12

8

8

2

2

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

1421

1876

1777

3129

3116

3205

..

4.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

711 e

938 e

888 e

1564

1558

1606

..

4.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

710 e

938 e

889 e

1564

1558

1599

..

4.9

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2256

2741

4080

4418

5102

..

4.9 -

Solid biomass

of which:

2248 e

Heat only plants Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

150

467

428

537

686

..

1.7

Municipal waste renew.

1087 e

1019 e

1051 e

1164

1172

1437

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

1088 e

1019 e

1051 e

1164

1172

1437

..

1.7

73 e

58

160

1316

1529

1540

..

19.6

Gas from biomass

-

10

12

8

8

2

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat Heat pumps(1) (-) Input to heat pumps Waste heat (2)

740 e 56 25 709 e

1995

2000

2005

560 e

397 e

829 e

184

309

529

2006 1024 e 893

2007

2008e

90-07

1061

1061

2.1

872

872

17.5

115

130

245

360

378

378

17.3

491 e

218 e

545 e

491 e

567

567

-1.3

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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310 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Norway 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

11518 11518 -11053 -465 133934 133934 -

Wind

77 77 -77 900 900 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

-

19 19 -3 -16 11 11 686 686

Mun. waste renew.

105 105 -1 -48 -41 15 15 15 58 7 51 3043 1606 1437

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 311

Norway 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

105 105 -1 -48 -41 15 15 15 57 7 50 3036 1599 1437

Wood/ wood waste

1045 34 -1 1078 -32 -50 -3 993 401 13 5 299 79 4 1 591 581 8 2 317 317 1540 1540

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

26 26 -10 16 16 16 2 2

Sludge gas

Other biogas

-

Biogasoline

-

-

Biodiesel

c 31 c 31 31 31 31 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

12895 65 -1 12959 -11132 -500 -96 -148 -3 -10 1070 431 13 35 299 79 4 1 31 31 607 581 24 2 135277 135176 101 8307 3205 5102

Share in total energy sources

6.0% 1.0% 48.3% x x x x x x 5.1% 6.9% 1.3% 8.7% 31.9% 45.2% 1.8% 2.8% 0.6% 0.9% 8.6% 15.0% 1.0% 0.6% 99.2% 99.3% 66.9% 55.0% 60.6% 52.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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312 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Norway 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

150 150 150 -

467 467 467 -

491 491 491 -

588 588 588 -

816 816 816 -

816 816 .. -

-

2402 e 2402 e 2402 e -

2688 2688 2489 e 199 199 -

3990 3990 3294 696 696 -

4080 4080 3422 658 658 -

4415 4415 3767 648 648 -

4089 4089 .. .. .. -

4.0 4.0 3.1 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

2258 e 2258 e 2258 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 313

Norway 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

3990 3990 3294 696 696 -

4080 4080 3423 657 657 -

4410 4410 3762 648 648 -

4089 4089 .. .. .. -

4.0 4.0 3.1 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

2257 e 2257 e 2257 e -

2401 e 2401 e 2401 e -

2690 2690 2489 e 201 201 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

38669 38669 e 1072 e 37597 15977 21620

42043 90 42133 1442 40691 17490 23201

50008 207 50215 1459 48756 24603 24153

44483 896 45379 112 2938 42329 15532 26797

44677 1283 45960 3589 42371 15417 26954

43758 1397 45155 3581 41574 16811 24763

43665 1305 44970 .. .. .. ..

0.7 0.9 x 7.4 0.6 0.3 0.8

-

663 663 12 651 651

1078 1078 14 1064 1064

1054 1054 9 410 635 635

1104 1104 9 430 665 665

1104 1104 3 436 665 665

1104 1104 .. .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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314 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Norway 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

c c c c c c

c 6247 6247 247 6000 6000

c 34522 34522 -478 35000 35000

49395 41774 91169 .. .. ..

c x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 315

Poland

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

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316 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Poland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Oil 12.6%

Gas 8.7%

Hydro 7.7%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.4%

Renewables 1.5%

Coal 76.5%

Biogas 0.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 92.3%

TPES(1) 103 Mtoe

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1.58 Mtoe

1.46 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 12.7%

Other(3) 1.1%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.6%

Oil 24.7%

Hydro 4.1%

Renewables 5.1%

Biogas 1.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 96.3%

Liquid Biomass 2.3% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.8%

Coal 57.4%

TPES(1) 97 Mtoe

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4.96 Mtoe

4.70 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 7 6

TWh

5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 317

Poland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

103.10 1.58

99.47 3.92

89.12 3.80

92.38 4.48

97.30 4.96

97.11 4.96

98.36 5.35

-0.4 7.0

7.3

1.5

3.9

4.3

4.9

5.1

5.1

5.4

118.17

131.59

171.28

199.36

211.78

225.85

236.60

3.9

0.87

0.76

0.52

0.46

0.46

0.43

0.42

-4.1 -4.1

168

145

100

89

88

83

80

38.03

38.28

38.26

38.16

38.13

38.12

38.04

0.0

2.71

2.60

2.33

2.42

2.55

2.55

2.59

-0.4

134.4

137.0

143.2

155.4

160.8

158.8

154.0

1.0

1.47

1.96

2.33

3.85

4.31

5.43

6.67

8.0

1.1

1.4

1.6

2.5

2.7

3.4

4.3

6.9

6.0

7.2

8.9

11.3

12.6

13.9

..

5.1

-

-

-

0.05

0.10

0.11

..

-

-

-

-

0.5

0.8

0.8

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total capacity

1977

2048

2199

2500

2563

2710

..

1.9

Hydro

1977

2047

2183

2321

2331

2328

..

1.0

1205

1366

1366

1406

1406

1406

..

0.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

4

121

172

306

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

3

3

3

3

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

25

25

33

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

1

9

30

32

40

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

95 e

128 e

236

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

67 e

90 e

165

..

-

of which: pumped storage

90-07

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

318 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Poland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total electricity

3571

4216

4673

5816

5668

6351

7596

3.4

Hydro

3313

3851

4116

3778

3020

2939

2835

-0.7

1

90-07

1896

1964

2010

1577

978

587

595

-6.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

5

135

256

522

833

-

of which: pumped storage

203

297

331

393

381

335

335

3.0

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

55

54

190

1399

1851

2360

3372

24.7

Gas from biomass

-

13

31

111

160

195

221

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

3313

3865

4152

3913

3276

3461

..

0.3

Hydro

3313

3851

4116

3778

3020

2939

..

-0.7

1896

1964

2010

1577

978

587

..

-6.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

5

135

256

522

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

13

31

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

Solid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

258

351

521

1903

2392

2890

..

15.3

Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

203

297

331

393

381

335

..

3.0

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

55

54

190

1399

1851

2360

..

24.7

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

111

160

195

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal Industrial waste

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 319

Poland (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

13980

2100

2628

5672

5711

6594

6602

-4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2966

1341

789

1968

1863

1877

1812

-2.7

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11004

753

1802

2882

3146

4017

4100

-5.8

10

6

37

822

702

700

690

28.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

11011

1649

2101

4309

4246

5200

..

-4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2902

1209

754

1948

1838

1847

..

-2.6

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8109

440

1347

1540

1707

2656

..

-6.4

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

821

701

697

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2969

451

527

1363

1465

1394

..

-4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

64

132

35

20

25

30

..

-4.4

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2895

313

455

1342

1439

1361

..

-4.3

10

6

37

1

1

3

..

-6.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

Industrial waste

Solid biomass

Heat only plants

Industrial waste

Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

320 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Poland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

202 202 -202 2352 2352 -

Wind

45 45 -45 522 522 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

10 10 10 10 9 2 -

Solar thermal

Industrial waste

-

502 502 -113 -2 386 386 31 164 23 142 3 22 335 335 1877 1847 30

Mun. waste renew.

1 1 1 1 1 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 321

Poland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

42 42 42 42 42 -

Wood/ wood waste

4549 -22 4527 -417 -150 -37 -4 -1 3919 1055 3 3 1 4 737 237 1 70 2863 2269 140 455 2360 2360 4017 2656 1361

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

21 21 -21 114 114 32 32 -

Sludge gas

43 43 -33 -1 9 2 2 7 7 79 79 658 655 3

Other biogas

1 1 -1 2 2 10 10 -

Biogasoline

67 16 -1 -1 80 1 80 80 80 -

Biodiesel

41 -17 24 -1 23 23 23 -

Other liquid biofuels

3 3 3 3 3 -

Total renew. & waste sources

5527 16 -18 -23 5501 -247 -417 -318 -37 -4 -4 4473 1485 31 167 23 187 1 6 740 259 1 70 106 106 2881 2278 150 455 5764 2874 2890 6594 5200 1394

Share in total energy sources

7.6% 0.0% 0.1% x 5.7% x x x x x x x 6.9% 8.9% 1.2% 4.4% 3.2% 6.4% 0.1% 0.3% 49.7% 41.3% 0.5% 10.2% 0.7% 0.8% 10.1% 12.5% 2.2% 13.0% 3.6% 100.0% 1.9% 2.1% 2.5% 1.3%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

322 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Poland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

124 124 124 124

476 476 476 476

535 535 535 535

439 439 439 439

429 429 429 ..

-

-

-

-

6 6 6 6

11 11 11 11

15 15 15 15

20 20 20 ..

-

32311 32311 5265 5222 21824 21320 504

35109 35109 3878 2103 29128 29128 -

18766 -29 18737 3279 229 15229 15225 4

18930 17 18947 5233 444 13270 13248 22

24281 10 24291 5205 258 18828 18828 -

21021 -2 21019 4783 68 16168 16168 -

21041 -95 20946 .. .. .. .. -

-2.5 x -2.5 -0.6 -22.5 -1.7 -1.6 -

-

-

32 4 36 4 32 32

30 30 30 30

27 3 30 30 2 28

35 35 35 6 29

406 406 .. .. ..

x -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

e e e

e e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 323

Poland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

32 4 36 4 32 32

717 717 717 717 -

1620 1620 1620 1620 -

1777 1777 1777 1777 -

784 784 .. .. -

x -

60643 60643 14571 6 46066 7191 38875

156943 156943 49 1322 3 155569 20509 135060

150485 -292 150193 3461 6 146726 26112 120614

174431 174431 17500 2 156929 31020 125909

192097 -73 192024 21180 11 170833 41776 129057

190510 -924 189586 25434 57 164095 44193 119902

190500 -845 189655 .. .. .. .. ..

7.0 x 6.9 x 3.3 14.2 7.8 11.3 6.8

-

118 118 117 1 -

423 423 396 27 -

649 649 649 -

791 791 791 -

879 879 879 -

1055 1055 .. -

-

433 433 8 425 e 2 e 423 e

788 788 47 741 63 678

1586 1586 1163 12 411 68 343

1803 1803 1211 15 577 72 505

1802 1802 1399 28 375 84 291

1913 1913 .. .. .. .. ..

9.4 9.4 31.1 -0.1 -1.5

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

e e e

e e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

393 393 14 379 379

e e

e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

324 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Poland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

8 8 8 -

19 19 19 -

27 27 27 -

110 110 .. -

-

-

-

-

80940 -28902 1440 53478 478 53000 53000

119261 -31070 -2056 86135 135 86000 86000

92679 20883 -1875 111687 -313 112000 112000

91859 113376 -7077 198158 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

61907 -48599 1344 14652 -348 15000 15000

82762 -51528 1282 32516 -484 33000 33000

44854 -19440 -107 25307 307 25000 25000

257765 94094 -7408 344451 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

2429 2429 2429 2429 -

6364 142 6506 6506 6506 -

2593 2593 2593 2593 -

5964 5964 .. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 325

Portugal

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

326 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Portugal Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Renewables 19.6%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0%

Hydro 24.0%

Coal 16.5%

Oil 63.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 75.5%

Other(3) 0.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

17 Mtoe

3.28 Mtoe

2.48 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Gas 15.2%

Biogas 0.5% Renewables 17.9%

Liquid Biomass 4.5% Renew. Mun. Waste 3.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 68.0%

Hydro 19.3% Coal 11.5% Other(3) 12.7%

Oil 52.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 91.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

25 Mtoe

4.49 Mtoe

3.05 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 20 18 16

TWh

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 327

Portugal 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

16.74 3.28

20.21 3.32

24.67 3.76

26.44 3.47

24.66 4.22

25.07 4.49

24.37 4.32

2.4 1.9

19.6

16.4

15.2

13.1

17.1

17.9

17.7

-0.5

84.75

92.22

112.65

117.66

119.27

121.57

121.50

2.1

0.20

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.3

90

100

100

103

94

94

92

0.3

10.00

10.03

10.23

10.55

10.58

10.61

10.47

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

1.67

2.02

2.41

2.51

2.33

2.36

2.33

2.0

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

28.4

33.2

43.4

46.2

48.6

46.9

45.4

3.0

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

9.85

9.39

12.87

8.26

15.72

16.22

14.65

3.0

34.7

28.3

29.7

17.9

32.4

34.6

32.3

-0.0

3.0

4.1

5.6

6.1

6.1

6.1

..

4.2

-

-

-

-

0.07

0.13

..

-

-

-

-

-

1.1

2.2

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

3538

4631 e

4908

6476

7141

7685

..

4.7

Hydro

3344

4409

4526

5034

5065

5052

..

2.5

561

561

597

537

1048

1029

..

3.6

Geothermal

1

8

14

14

25

25

..

20.8

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

2

3

24

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

8

83

1064

1681

2201

..

57.3

Industrial waste

-

-

-

4

3

3

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

64

77

77

77

..

-

205

2.5

of which: pumped storage

219

273

279

290

..

Gas from biomass

-

1 e

1

8

8

13

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

150

200

238

289

304

330

..

4.7

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

105

140

167

202

213

231

..

4.7

Solid biomass

192 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

328 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Portugal 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

9998

9501

Hydro

9303

8454

13517 e

8952

16493

16861

15384

3.1

11715

5118

11467

10449

7280

146

0.7

111

392

387

465

357

447

Geothermal

5.4

4

42

80

71

85

201

192

25.9

Solar photovoltaics

1

1

1

3

5

24

38

20.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

16

168

1773

2925

4037

5733

63.0

Industrial waste

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

257 e

1

of which: pumped storage

2000

13

10

8

-

293

276

281

-

-

-

296

293

276

280

-

689

987

1037

1351

1380

1530

1501

4.8

Gas from biomass

-

1

2

35

32

58

71

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

9309

8513

12485 e

7658

15184

15478

..

3.0

Hydro

9303

8454

11715

5118

11467

10449

..

0.7

146

111

392

387

465

357

..

5.4

Geothermal

4

42

80

71

85

201

..

25.9

Solar photovoltaics

1

1

1

3

5

24

..

20.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

16

168

1773

2925

4037

..

63.0

Industrial waste

-

-

-

9

13

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

257 e

296

293

276

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

257 e

296

293

276

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

7

65

78

164

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

27

25

51

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

689

988

1032

1294

1309

1383

..

4.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

10

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

689

987

1030

1286

1302

1366

..

4.1

Gas from biomass

-

1

2

8

7

7

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

257 e

9 296

of which:

of which: pumped storage

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 329

Portugal (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

330 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Portugal 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

868 868 -867 -1 10092 10092 -

Wind

347 347 -347 4037 4037 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

2 2 -2 24 24 -

Geothermal

193 193 -183 10 10 10 201 201 -

Solar thermal

26 26 26 26 15 10 -

Industrial waste

6 6 -6 10 10 -

Mun. waste renew.

94 94 -94 276 276 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 331

Portugal 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

94 94 -94 276 276 -

Wood/ wood waste

2807 2807 -50 -12 -183 2562 1401 37 6 365 93 804 41 56 1 1161 1161 1530 164 1366 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

16 16 -14 -2 58 51 7 -

Biogasoline

-

Biodiesel

160 -26 134 -2 133 133 133 -

Other liquid biofuels

3 3 3 3 3 -

Total renew. & waste sources

4616 -26 4590 -2 -1449 -215 -191 2734 1401 37 6 365 93 804 41 56 1 133 133 1200 1176 20 3 16504 15121 1383 -

Share in total energy sources

100.0% x 18.3% x x x x 13.6% 23.8% 5.5% 18.8% 19.8% 17.0% 67.5% 29.7% 12.2% 0.7% 2.1% 2.2% 21.1% 36.6% 0.9% 100.0% 35.2% 37.0% 22.8% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

332 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Portugal 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

134 134 134 -

1577 1577 1535 42 42

2921 2921 2879 42 42

2749 2749 2707 42 42

3671 3671 3241 430 430

8094 8094 7664 430 430

7342 7342 6912 430 ..

27.3 27.3 26.9 -

458 458 458 458

617 617 617 617

770 770 770 770

939 939 939 939

988 988 988 988

1071 1071 1071 1071

1266 1266 1266 ..

5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1

-

-

-

218 218 218 -

243 243 243 -

240 240 240 -

279 279 .. -

-

-

-

4333 4333 4333 -

4201 4201 4201 -

3935 3935 3935 -

3826 3826 .. -

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

3648 e 3648 e 3648 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 333

Portugal 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

4332 4332 4332 -

4201 4201 4201 -

3935 3935 3935 -

3826 3826 .. -

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

-

3647 e 3647 e 3647 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

103699 103699 6253 97446 49297 48149

106632 106632 6155 100477 52328 48149

108637 108637 7551 101086 52937 48149

113601 113601 8713 104888 56138 48750

114353 114353 8779 105574 56974 48600

117559 117559 10279 107280 58680 48600

116598 116598 .. .. .. ..

0.7 0.7 3.0 0.6 1.0 0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

334 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Portugal 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

48 48 48 -

424 424 424 -

385 385 385 -

660 660 660 -

849 849 .. -

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

21 e 21 e 21 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

159 159 159 -

79000 79000 79000 79000

180539 -29233 151306 1306 150000 150000

163395 -19950 7890 151335 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

2911 2911 2911 2911

4800 4800 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 335

Slovak Republic

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

336 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Slovak Republic Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Nuclear 14.7%

Hydro 49.3%

Renewables 1.5% Gas 23.8%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0%

Coal 36.7%

Oil 21.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.7%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

21 Mtoe

0.33 Mtoe

0.17 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Nuclear 22.7%

Hydro 39.4%

Gas 28.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 79.7%

Biogas 1.3%

Renewables 5.4%

Other(3) 1.1%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 59.5%

Coal 22.4%

Oil 19.8%

Liquid Biomass 15.7% Renew. Mun. Waste 3.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

18 Mtoe

0.97 Mtoe

0.58 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 6 5

TWh

4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 337

Slovak Republic 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

21.33 0.33

17.78 0.50

17.74 0.49

18.83 0.81

18.64 0.83

17.85 0.97

18.20 0.87

-1.0 6.6

7.7

1.5

2.8

2.8

4.3

4.5

5.4

4.8

18.91

17.26

20.39

25.92

28.12

31.05

33.00

3.0

1.13

1.03

0.87

0.73

0.66

0.57

0.55

-3.9 -3.9

130

118

100

83

76

66

63

Population (millions)

5.30

5.36

5.40

5.39

5.39

5.40

5.40

0.1

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.03

3.31

3.29

3.50

3.46

3.31

3.37

-1.2

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

25.5

26.4

30.8

31.4

31.3

27.9

29.3

0.5

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

1.88

4.88

4.62

4.68

4.80

4.93

4.69

5.8

7.4

18.5

15.0

14.9

15.4

17.7

16.0

5.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.7

1.9

..

2.1

-

-

-

0.01

0.04

0.09

..

-

-

-

-

0.6

2.6

4.7

..

-

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total capacity

-

2260

2420

2569

2634

2665

..

-

Hydro

-

2260

2420

2512

2513

2515

..

-

-

735

916

916

916

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

5

5

5

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

2

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

6

6

6

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

44

108

134

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

2

2

3

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

64 e

72

80

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

45 e

50

56

..

-

of which: pumped storage

735 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

338 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Slovak Republic 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07 4.3

Total electricity

2515

5226 e

5007 e

4803 e

4995 e

5122

4917

Hydro

2515

5226

4975

4741

4566

4615

4391

3.6

635

346

360

103

167

164

203

-7.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

6

6

8

6

-

Industrial waste

-

- e

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

Solid biomass

-

Gas from biomass

-

Liquid biomass

-

of which: pumped storage

32 e

-

1

1

1

-

-

23 e

23 e

22

23

-

-

-

24 e

23

24

-

-

-

4

367

441

460

-

-

-

5

8

12

12

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.6

24 e

of which: Electricity only plants

2515

5226 e

5007 e

4748

4573

4624

..

Hydro

2515

5226

4975

4741

4566

4615

..

3.6

635

346

360

103

167

164

..

-7.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

6

6

8

..

-

Industrial waste

-

- e

32 e

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

55 e

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

1

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

23 e

23 e

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

24 e

Solid biomass

-

-

-

4

367

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

4

7

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

422 e

24 e

-

-

-

498

..

-

-

-

-

1

..

-

22

..

-

23

..

-

441

..

-

11

..

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 339

Slovak Republic (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

2862

2892

1936

2251

2862

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

140

165

185

235

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

-

Industrial waste

-

313

36

205

261

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

107 e

106 e

80

102

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

108 e

106 e

80

102

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1673

1468

1590

2021

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

135

54

110

140

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2862 e

2892 e

2477 e

2006

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

249

625

919

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

24

10

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

17 e

19 e

21

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

17 e

19 e

21

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

178

532

766

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

37

31

101

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2862

2892

1311

1332

..

-

Heat only plants

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

140

165

185

..

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Industrial waste

-

313

12

195

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

90 e

87 e

59

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

91 e

87 e

59

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1495

936

824

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

98

23

9

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2862 e

2892 e

2228 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

50

31

275

349

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

6

6

5

5

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

4

4

4

4

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

48

29

274

348

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

340 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Slovak Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

383 383 -375 -8 4451 4451 -

Tide wave ocean

Wind

1 1 -1 8 8 -

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

10 10 -4 -5 2 2 1 1 185 185

Solar thermal

1 1

Industrial waste

29 4 33 -6 -1 -8 17 17 17 1 1 205 10 195

Mun. waste renew.

19 19 -17 -2 22 22 80 21 59

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 341

Slovak Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

19 19 -17 -2 23 23 80 21 59

Wood/ wood waste

484 -27 4 461 -8 -62 -21 -6 364 322 1 9 1 276 26 1 9 42 39 1 2 441 441 1590 766 824

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

1 1 3 3 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

7 7 -4 2 2 2 9 9 103 94 9

2 1 1 4 4 -

Biogasoline

14 18 -15 -4 12 12 12 12 -

Biodiesel

45 31 -1 4 78 78 78 78 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

1011 53 -43 4 1023 -375 -9 -8 -100 -25 -21 -1 -8 475 339 1 17 9 1 276 26 1 9 90 90 46 39 4 3 4958 4460 498 2251 919 1332

Share in total energy sources

16.9% 0.3% 0.8% x 5.7% x x x x x x x x 4.1% 9.3% 0.1% 3.9% 5.1% 0.6% 48.8% 48.3% 2.2% 6.7% 3.7% 4.7% 1.1% 1.9% 0.2% 2.2% 17.8% 55.8% 2.5% 5.3% 4.0% 6.7%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

342 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Slovak Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

337 337 280 57 57

397 397 330 67 67

438 438 370 68 68

545 545 470 75 ..

-

-

-

-

1 1 1 -

1 1 1 -

1 1 1 -

11 11 1 10 -

-

321 321 321 321 -

8803 8803 3671 4671 461 461 -

13473 13473 3888 8628 957 945 12

1405 7 -29 1383 532 140 711 711 -

915 15 -40 890 58 80 99 653 652 1

1222 157 3 1382 289 48 340 705 704 1

1000 1000 .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.2 x 9.0 x 4.7 4.7 -

-

-

-

805 805 805 -

900 900 .. -

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

730 e 730 e 730 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

880 e 880 e 880 e -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 343

Slovak Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

-

-

6965 6965 6965 6965 -

3196 53 3249 3249 3095 154

4169 -346 3823 3823 3798 25

-

-

-

-

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

805 805 805 -

900 900 .. -

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

731 e 731 e 731 e -

880 e 880 e 880 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

e

16656 -915 -382 15359 2232 13127 11598 1529

16924 -1168 -127 15629 4401 2 6 11220 10051 1169

20266 -1147 183 19302 4046 15256 13488 1768

20000 -2000 18000 .. .. .. ..

6.5 x 6.2 x 4.7 4.0 -

-

2 2 2 -

16 16 16 -

9 9 9 -

15 15 .. -

-

-

179 179 140 39 15 24

287 287 76 10 201 17 184

286 286 183 8 95 17 78

300 300 .. .. .. .. ..

x -

e e

e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

344 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Slovak Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

24 24 24 -

15 15 15 -

19 19 19 -

20 20 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

2000 2000 2000 2000

24000 4000 -7000 21000 21000 21000

74000 -25000 49000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

35000 -20000 -4000 11000 11000 11000

43000 2000 -1000 44000 44000 44000

46000 31000 4000 81000 81000 81000

39000 -26000 13000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 2 2 2

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 345

Spain

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

346 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Spain Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%

Gas 5.5%

Hydro 35.3%

Nuclear 15.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 98.7%

Renewables 6.9%

Renew. Mun. Waste 1.0%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 64.7%

Coal 21.4%

Oil 50.5%

Biogas 0.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

90 Mtoe

6.19 Mtoe

4.01 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Hydro 23.9%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.2%

Gas 22.1%

Nuclear 10.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 82.7%

Other(3) 25.2%

Renewables 6.9%

Biogas 3.6%

Coal 13.9%

Oil 47.2%

Liquid Biomass 7.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.9%

Renew. Mun. Waste 6.1%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

144 Mtoe

9.98 Mtoe

5.08 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 70 60

TWh

50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 347

Spain 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

90.09 6.19

100.82 5.51

121.95 6.93

141.83 8.37

141.48 9.13

143.95 9.98

137.78 10.01

2.8 2.8

0.1

6.9

5.5

5.7

5.9

6.5

6.9

7.3

440.64

474.85

580.67

681.88

708.39

734.34

742.80

3.0

0.20

0.21

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.19

-0.2

97

101

100

99

95

93

88

-0.2

39.01

39.39

40.26

43.40

44.07

44.87

45.70

0.8

2.31

2.56

3.03

3.27

3.21

3.21

3.02

2.0

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

151.2

165.6

222.2

288.9

295.5

300.2

306.5

4.1

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

25.98

24.41

35.81

41.74

52.08

58.68

60.54

4.9

17.2

14.7

16.1

14.4

17.6

19.5

19.8

0.8

17.7

20.5

26.2

31.6

32.5

33.6

..

3.8

-

-

0.07

0.26

0.17

0.39

..

-

-

-

0.3

0.8

0.5

1.1

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

16378

17084

20472

28893

30957

34868

..

4.5

Hydro

16231

16784

17960

18220

18318

18372

..

0.7

4911

5095

5288

5347

5347

5347

..

0.5

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

3

7

12

60

169

638

..

37.1

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

11

11

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

98

2206

9918

11722

15097

..

69.1

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

27

69

94

189

189

189

..

12.1

115

126

150

354

388

396

..

7.5

Gas from biomass

-

-

50

152

160

165

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

281

319

403

797

948

1198

..

8.9

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

197

223

282

558

664

839

..

8.9

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

348 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Spain 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

26876 e

26178 e

38652 e

47346 e

56622

62459

64206

5.1

Hydro

26184

24569

31807

23025

29831

30807

25928

1.0

770

1457

2237

5153

3941

3044

2612

8.4

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

6

15

18

41

119

500

2455

29.7

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

8

37

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

14

270

4727

21176

23297

27509

31508

56.2

Industrial waste

50 e

118

274

Municipal waste renew.

80 e

196 e

334 e

195 e

333 e

462 e

80 e

668

841

Gas from biomass

-

147

318 e

Liquid biomass

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

-

.. 451 e 451 e

..

-

-

-

601

737

1057

14.0

601

737

1057

14.0

1579

1573

1553

1579

7.4

623

600

608

585

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

5.1

of which: Electricity only plants

26271 e

25203

37973 e

46589 e

54997

60844

Hydro

26184

24569

31807

23025

29831

30807

..

1.0

770

1457

2237

5153

3941

3044

..

8.4

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

6

15

18

41

119

500

..

29.7

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

8

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56.2

Wind

14

270

4727

21176

23297

27509

..

Industrial waste

50 e

118

274

..

..

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

334 e

451 e

601

737

..

-

333 e

451 e

601

737

..

-

176

874

275

272

..

17.7

304 e

-

17 e

96

Gas from biomass

-

135

Liquid biomass

-

-

Solid biomass

CHP plants

605 e

975 e

571

273

274

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

679

757

1625

1615

..

5.9 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80 e

196 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

445 e

80 e

572

665

705

1298

1281

..

6.4

Gas from biomass

-

12

14

52

327

334

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

195 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 349

Spain (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

350 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Spain 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

2388 2388 -2335 -53 27763 27763 -

Wind

2366 2366 -2364 -1 27509 27509 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

43 43 -42 -1 500 500 -

Geothermal

8 8 8 8 1 7 -

Solar thermal

94 94 -2 93 2 1 91 66 23 1 1 8 8 -

Industrial waste

.. .. .. -

Mun. waste renew.

309 309 -107 -202 737 737 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 351

Spain 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

309 309 -107 -202 737 737 -

Wood/ wood waste

4205 4205 -13 -58 -441 3694 1563 1 14 137 1 284 646 381 5 5 90 2132 2036 70 19 7 1553 272 1281 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

116 116 -69 -19 28 28 28 407 217 190 -

Sludge gas

49 49 -15 -10 23 12 12 12 12 151 48 103 -

Other biogas

19 19 -3 -4 12 12 8 4 50 9 41 -

Biogasoline

220 -105 115 -1 114 114 114 -

Biodiesel

162 135 -26 271 2 273 273 273 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

10288 135 -131 10292 1 -4968 -606 -474 4245 1589 1 14 137 1 304 650 381 6 5 90 387 387 2271 2102 134 27 8 59415 57800 1615 -

Share in total energy sources

33.9% 0.1% 1.0% 7.2% x x x x 4.1% 6.1% 0.0% 0.3% 1.9% 0.1% 13.0% 28.9% 56.5% 1.3% 0.8% 7.2% 1.0% 1.2% 7.6% 13.2% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5% 19.8% 21.5% 5.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

352 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Spain 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

321 321 321 321

321 321 321 321

322 322 322 322

322 322 322 322

342 342 342 ..

-

1303 1303 1303 4 1299

2572 2572 2 1 2569 54 2515

3066 3066 2 3064 63 3001

3949 3949 72 1 3876 72 3804

5517 5517 346 .. 5171 .. ..

-

3134 e 3134 e 3134 e .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. -

-

-

4803 e 4803 e 4803 e -

7925 e 7925 e 7925 e -

10556 10556 10556 -

12945 12945 12945 -

11324 11324 .. -

12.7 12.7 12.8 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

142 142 142 142 e

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

1032 1032 1032 31 1001

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

853 853 353 500 500 -

e

e e

e e

5041 5041 1771 3270 3270 -

e

e e

e e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1697 1697 1663 34 -

e

e e e

3923 3923 3874 49 -

e

e e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 353

Spain 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

10556 10556 10556 -

12945 12945 12945 -

11324 11324 .. -

12.7 12.7 12.8 -

174840 174840 30632 160 144048 56561 87487

176109 176109 21679 154430 65482 88948

176106 176106 21400 154706 65442 89264

162654 162654 .. .. .. ..

0.4 0.4 13.9 -0.3 -0.9 0.2

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1696 1696 1662 34 -

e

e e

4802 e 4802 e 4802 e -

138183 e 138183 e 3912 e 134271 50883 83388

151702 e 151702 e 11882 e 126 139694 53880 85814

-

2090 2090 2090 -

2672 2672 2652 20 20

9903 9903 9544 359 359

4804 4804 3636 1168 1168

4859 4859 3666 1193 1193

4879 4879 .. .. ..

-

-

-

2067 e 2067 e 1688 e 379 379

2380 2380 1875 505 96 409

2026 2026 1063 963 468 495

2043 2043 1062 981 482 499

1489 1489 .. .. .. ..

-

e e e

3923 3923 3874 49 -

e

e

7924 e 7924 e 7924 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

165624 e 165624 e 2345 e 163279 76453 86826

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

354 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Spain 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

425 425 425 425 -

1065 1065 175 890 882 8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

986 986 322 664 661 3

777 777 275 502 499 3

791 791 288 503 500 3

1243 1243 .. .. .. ..

3.7 3.7 1.0 1.0 -

177000 177000 177000 177000

179000 179000 179000 179000

342000 -163000 179000 2000 177000 177000

250485 -112513 137972 .. .. ..

x -

162000 162000 162000 162000

63000 63000 63000 63000

180000 121000 301000 -2000 303000 303000

342000 240657 582657 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

753 e 753 e 102 e 651 648 3

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

-

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

80000 e 80000 e - e 80000 80000

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 355

Sweden

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

356 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Sweden Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Renewables 24.4% Nuclear 37.6%

Hydro 54.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 97.4%

Coal 5.8%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 45.9%

Oil 30.3% Non-Renew. Waste 0.5%

Renew. Mun. Waste 2.6%

Gas 1.2%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

47 Mtoe

11.53 Mtoe

5.29 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Renewables 30.3%

Nuclear 34.6%

Hydro 37.2%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 89.1% Biogas 0.5%

Coal 4.7%

Non-Renew. Waste 1.4%

Gas 1.8% (1)

Other(3) 0.9%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 61.9%

Oil 26.4%

TPES

Liquid Biomass 4.5% Renew. Mun. Waste 5.8%

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

15.29 Mtoe

9.47 Mtoe

50 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 90 80 70

TWh

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 357

Sweden 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

47.20 11.53

50.33 12.84

47.56 14.74

51.57 14.83

50.20 14.39

50.42 15.29

49.73 15.79

0.4 1.7

1.3

24.4

25.5

31.0

28.7

28.7

30.3

31.8

201.52

208.38

245.57

278.60

290.43

297.82

297.10

2.3

0.23

0.24

0.19

0.19

0.17

0.17

0.17

-1.9 -1.9

121

125

100

96

89

87

86

Population (millions)

8.56

8.83

8.87

9.03

9.08

9.15

9.22

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

5.51

5.70

5.36

5.71

5.53

5.51

5.40

-0.0

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

146.0

148.3

145.2

158.4

143.3

148.8

149.5

0.1

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

74.45

70.56

83.14

81.23

71.07

77.43

80.30

0.2

51.0

47.6

57.2

51.3

49.6

52.0

53.7

0.1

6.1

6.4

6.7

7.3

7.3

7.4

..

1.1

-

-

-

0.13

0.19

0.28

..

-

-

-

-

1.9

2.6

3.9

..

-

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

17569

17497

18319

19821

20767

20556

..

0.9

Hydro

16331

16152

16525

16345

16270

16637

..

0.1

427

427

19

43

36

45

..

-12.4

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

2

3

4

5

1

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

8

67

209

493

516

710

..

30.2

Industrial waste

-

-

-

120

93

200

..

-

Municipal waste

30

76

74

291

657

414

..

16.7

1200

1200

1490

2526

3202

2570

..

4.6

Gas from biomass

-

-

18

42

24

24

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

90

135

207

371

409

440

..

9.8

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

63

95

145

260

286

308

..

9.8

Solid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

358 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Sweden 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total electricity

75044 e

70683

83418

82167

72080

78274

80907

0.2

Hydro

73033

68160

78619

72874

61738

66188

68899

-0.6

1

90-07

530

58

35

71

16

28

102

-15.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

6

99

457

936

987

1430

1974

38.0

-

-

101

81

145

78

57

-

41

46

96

524

568

1109

679

21.4

of which: pumped storage

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

62

Municipal waste non-renew.

1902 e

Solid biomass

70

143

785

851

742

452

15.7

2278

3970

6848

7503

8496

8801

9.2

Gas from biomass

-

30

32

54

46

64

26

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

65

242

167

19

-

Electricity only plants

73039

68259

79076

73810

62725

67618

..

-0.5

Hydro

73033

68160

78619

72874

61738

66188

..

-0.6

530

58

35

71

16

28

..

-15.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

6

99

457

936

987

1430

..

38.0

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2424

4342

8357

9355

10656

..

10.3

of which:

of which: pumped storage

CHP plants

2005 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

101

81

145

78

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

41

46

96

524

568

1109

..

21.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

62

70

143

785

851

742

..

15.7 9.2

2278

3970

6848

7503

8496

..

Gas from biomass

-

30

32

54

46

64

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

65

242

167

..

-

Solid biomass

1902 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 359

Sweden (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change Total heat

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

24534 e

68448

90539

118879

120952

120825

140358

9.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

508

1144

1548

821

791

6.9

Municipal waste renew.

4979

5735

6663

8577

8646

15539

19132

Municipal waste non-renew.

7569

8603

9996

12866

12969

10365

12755

1.9

11986 e

53340

72330

92685

93059

88070

102931

12.4

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

770

1042

866

961

1471

944

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2741

3769

4559

3805

-

of which: 40923

57787

77421

75599

78822

..

14.0

Geothermal

8518 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

489

920

1548

821

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

1869

3945

4388

5954

6054

11557

..

11.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

2804

5918

6583

8931

9081

7705

..

6.1

Solid biomass

3845 e

30679

45738

60282

55737

56324

..

17.1 -

CHP plants

Gas from biomass

-

381

589

607

617

670

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

727

2562

1745

..

-

16016

27525

32752

41458

45353

42003

..

5.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

19

224

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

3110

1790

2275

2623

2592

3982

..

1.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

4765

2685

3413

3935

3888

2660

..

-3.4

Solid biomass

8141 e

8.3

Heat only plants

22661

26592

32403

37322

31746

..

Gas from biomass

-

389

453

259

344

801

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2014

1207

2814

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

..

13290

14967

12311

11904

11844

11185

..

Heat pumps(1)

..

19814

21283

17615

16605

16557

15784

..

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6524

6317

5304

4701

4713

4599

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

360 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Sweden 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

5690 5690 -5688 -1 66160 66160 -

Wind

123 123 -123 1430 1430 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

9 9 9 9 9 -

Industrial waste

31 31 -31 78 78 821 821 -

Mun. waste renew.

553 553 -440 -113 1109 1109 15539 11557 3982

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 361

Sweden 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

369 369 -294 -76 742 742 10365 7705 2660

Wood/ wood waste

8439 8439 -1393 -1096 -913 5038 4081 10 1 9 3614 418 29 957 603 44 310 8496 8496 88070 56324 31746

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

20 20 -10 -9 26 26 603 275 328

Sludge gas

27 27 -14 -13 35 35 810 369 441

Other biogas

2 2 -1 -1 3 3 58 26 32

Biogasoline

182 182 182 182 182 -

Biodiesel

102 102 102 102 102 -

Other liquid biofuels

145 145 -66 -79 167 167 4559 1745 2814

Total renew. & waste sources

15692 15692 -5811 -1 -2249 -1096 -1204 5331 4081 10 1 9 3614 418 29 284 284 966 612 44 310 78246 67590 10656 120825 78822 42003

Share in total energy sources

46.7% 31.1% x x x x x 15.5% 33.4% 1.2% 0.2% 2.3% 58.4% 64.9% 3.0% 3.5% 3.9% 8.3% 9.1% 1.1% 43.1% 52.6% 50.2% 75.3% 68.1% 71.1% 63.1%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

362 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Sweden 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

133 133 133 133

200 200 200 200

223 223 223 223

247 247 247 247

241 241 241 241

360 360 360 360

360 360 360 ..

6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

209 209 209 209 -

84 84 84 84 -

1061 1061 1061 -

1703 1703 1703 -

2496 2496 2496 -

1309 1309 1309 -

578 578 .. -

11.4 11.4 -

12332 12332 12332 -

12811 12811 12811 -

23178 23178 23178 -

25853 25853 .. -

8.4 8.4 8.4 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

5856 e 5856 e 5856 -

6615 e 6615 e 6615 -

8347 e 8347 e 8347 -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 363

Sweden 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

12522 e 12522 e 12522 -

18485 18485 18485 -

19217 19217 19217 -

15459 15459 15459 -

17234 17234 .. -

3.4 3.4 3.4 -

322717 322717 101281 221436 181457 39979

332291 332291 140798 191493 148673 42820

348860 348860 144925 203935 164318 39617

353409 353409 142441 210968 170901 40067

360032 360032 .. .. .. ..

2.9 2.9 11.7 0.5 0.6 -0.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

8784 e 8784 e 8784 -

9921 e 9921 e 9921 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

215730 215730 21839 193891 153614 40277

284018 284018 71786 e 212232 172664 39568

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

352 352 352 -

443 443 443 -

423 423 423 -

464 464 464 -

830 830 830 -

508 508 .. -

-

-

650 650 650 -

819 819 819 -

785 785 785 -

860 860 860 -

1114 1114 1114 -

681 681 .. -

-

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

364 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Sweden 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

64 64 64 -

80 80 80 -

39 39 39 -

34 34 34 -

80 80 80 -

48 48 .. -

-

-

-

-

198815 198815 -185 199000 199000

224766 224766 -234 225000 225000

283797 283797 -203 284000 284000

333200 333200 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

7900 7900 -100 8000 8000

48455 48455 455 48000 48000

114400 114400 400 114000 114000

144876 144876 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

83096 83096 83096 -

131213 131213 131213 -

145095 145095 145095 -

107878 107878 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 365

Switzerland

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

366 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Switzerland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Non-Renew. Waste 1.3%

Biogas 6.2%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 18.9%

Nuclear 26.0%

Gas 6.9%

Renew. Mun. Waste 22.8%

Other(3) 2.1% Renewables 13.6%

Coal 1.5%

Oil 51.5%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 70.9%

Hydro 79.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

24 Mtoe

3.25 Mtoe

0.61 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Non-Renew. Waste 3.0%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 29.1%

Nuclear 28.4%

Gas 10.2%

Biogas 4.8%

Liquid Biomass 0.8%

Renew. Mun. Waste 37.7% Other(3) 4.3%

Renewables 17.7%

Oil 40.6%

Coal 0.7%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 56.7%

Hydro 66.6%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

26 Mtoe

4.55 Mtoe

1.33 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 50 45 40

TWh

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 367

Switzerland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

23.79 3.25

23.62 3.89

24.46 4.06

25.83 4.07

26.98 4.13

25.72 4.55

26.66 4.69

0.5 2.0

1.5

13.6

16.5

16.6

15.7

15.3

17.7

17.6

224.77

225.89

249.91

266.33

275.34

284.50

289.10

1.4

0.11

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.09

0.09

-0.9 -0.9

108

107

100

99

100

92

94

Population (millions)

6.80

7.02

7.16

7.42

7.46

7.51

7.51

0.6

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.50

3.36

3.41

3.48

3.62

3.42

3.55

-0.1

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

55.0

62.2

66.1

57.8

62.1

66.5

67.2

1.1

30.23

35.75

37.69

32.28

32.14

36.48

37.32

1.1

55.0

57.4

57.0

55.9

51.7

54.9

55.6

-0.0

4.8

4.8

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.6

..

1.0

-

-

-

0.01

0.01

0.01

..

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.1

0.2

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Total capacity

13278

13580

15184

15357

15390

15486

..

0.9

Hydro

13125

13345

14895

15010

15010

15101

..

0.8

1455

1455

1655

1655

1655

1636

..

0.7

of which: pumped storage

2007

2008e

90-07

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

2

8

15

26

29

34

..

18.1

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

12

12

12

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

148

218

262

302

335

336

..

4.9

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

3

9

9

7

4

3

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

603

1000

1303

1417

1456

1509

..

5.5

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

422

700

912

992

1019

1056

..

5.5

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

368 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Switzerland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

31783 e

37051 e

39990 e

35211

35251

39089

40395

1.2

Hydro

30982

35954

38230

33086

32883

36737

37935

1.0

1187

785

1396

1860

1924

1487

1898

1.3

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

11

19

23

27

27

21.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

8

15

16

16

-

44

106

270

278

284

230

241

10.2

Municipal waste renew.

318

411

634

797

908

890

932

6.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

318

411

634

797

908

890

932

6.2

Solid biomass

40

41

58

77

72

128

134

7.1

Gas from biomass

80 e

123 e

150 e

149

158

171

178

4.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

31207

36234

38602

33294

33097

36951

..

1.0

Hydro

30982

35954

38230

33086

32883

36737

..

1.0

1187

785

1396

1860

1924

1487

..

1.3

Industrial waste

Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

11

19

23

27

..

21.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

8

15

16

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

102

114

157

83

83

82

..

-1.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

102

114

157

83

83

82

..

-1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

47

44

15

10

7

..

-6.0

Industrial waste

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

Liquid biomass CHP plants

576 e

817 e

1388 e

-

-

-

-

-

1917

2154

2138

..

8.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

44

106

270

278

284

230

..

10.2

Municipal waste renew.

216

297

477

714

825

808

..

8.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

216

297

477

714

825

808

..

8.1

Solid biomass

40

41

58

77

72

128

..

7.1

Gas from biomass

60 e

76 e

106 e

134

148

164

..

6.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal Industrial waste

Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

(1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 369

Switzerland (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

5547

7156

7960

9653

10330

11075

11573

4.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42

240

326

398

394

415

434

14.4

Municipal waste renew.

2749

3433

3760

4539

4859

5012

5237

3.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

2749

3433

3760

4539

4859

5012

5237

3.6

Solid biomass

7

-

64

156

205

617

645

30.1

Gas from biomass

-

50

50

21

13

19

20

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

5367

7064

7620

9334

10317

11056

..

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42

240

326

398

394

415

..

14.4

Municipal waste renew.

2659

3412

3615

4390

4859

5012

..

3.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

2659

3412

3615

4390

4859

5012

..

3.8

Solid biomass

7

-

64

156

205

617

..

30.1

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

180

92

340

319

13

19

..

-12.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

90

21

145

149

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

Industrial waste

of which:

Industrial waste

Heat only plants

90

21

145

149

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

50

50

21

13

19

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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370 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Switzerland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3032 3032 -2811 -220 35250 35250 -

Wind

1 1 -1 16 16 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

2 2 -2 27 27 -

Geothermal

163 163 163 12 12 152 130 21 1 1 -

Solar thermal

27 27 27 27 13 3 11 -

Industrial waste

276 276 -32 244 244 40 1 115 81 7 230 230 415 415 -

Mun. waste renew.

500 500 -28 -236 235 235 235 890 82 808 5012 5012 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 371

Switzerland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

500 500 -28 -236 235 235 235 890 82 808 5012 5012 -

Wood/ wood waste

740 20 -7 752 -35 -17 700 238 3 4 1 33 72 2 123 462 310 120 32 128 128 617 617 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

3 3 -1 -1 7 7 19 19

Sludge gas

43 43 -13 29 3 3 27 27 116 116 -

Other biogas

18 18 -11 7 4 4 3 1 2 48 48 -

Biogasoline

3 3 3 3 3 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

8 8 8 8 8 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

5316 20 -7 5328 -2811 -280 -35 -545 -1 1651 501 3 40 1 115 4 1 114 79 2 142 11 11 1141 453 641 45 3 37602 35464 2138 11075 11056 19

Share in total energy sources

42.1% 0.1% 0.2% 20.7% x x x x x 8.1% 12.4% 1.3% 5.2% 1.9% 26.4% 0.8% 0.2% 18.7% 34.4% 2.7% 21.5% 0.2% 0.2% 11.6% 8.0% 17.4% 34.2% 0.9% 56.6% 55.9% 70.5% 64.9% 86.3% 0.5%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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372 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Switzerland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

2553 2553 2553 2553

3251 3251 3251 3251

3808 3808 3808 273 3535

5743 5743 5743 412 5331

6322 6322 6322 454 5868

6841 6841 6841 491 6350

7402 7402 7402 .. ..

6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5

316 316 316 316

646 646 646 646

980 980 980 15 965

1039 1039 1039 16 1023

1077 1077 1077 17 1060

1144 1144 1144 18 1126

1215 1215 1215 .. ..

7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8

6710 6710 253 6457 6457 -

8450 8450 920 7530 7530 -

11350 11350 1475 9875 9875 -

12050 12050 1570 10480 10480 -

12250 12250 1581 10669 10669 -

11560 11560 1335 10225 10225 -

11000 11000 .. .. .. -

3.3 3.3 10.3 2.7 2.7 -

5874 5874 5874 -

7265 7265 7265 -

9112 9112 9112 -

17555 17555 10014 7541 7541

18780 18780 10979 7801 7801

20935 20935 11079 9856 9856

19720 19720 .. .. ..

7.8 7.8 3.8 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 373

Switzerland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

7265 7265 7265 -

9112 9112 9112 -

17555 17555 10014 7541 7541

18780 18780 10979 7801 7801

20935 20935 11079 9856 9856

19720 19720 .. .. ..

7.8 7.8 3.8 -

22443 290 22733 180 22553 5365 17188

21023 21023 -1 339 20685 7043 13642

30683 -30 30653 930 29723 10100 19623

32171 32171 938 31233 10613 20620

30970 510 31480 2172 29308 9959 19349

34434 430 34864 .. .. .. ..

3.3 -0.5 3.3 x 15.6 2.9 0.4

205 205 197 8 1 7

135 135 123 12 2 10

106 106 96 10 2 8

83 83 .. .. .. ..

-4.9 -4.9 -3.8 -10.2 -11.3

1869 1869 532 1337 122 1215

1767 1767 546 1221 111 1110

1783 1783 559 1224 111 1113

1799 1799 .. .. .. ..

2.1 2.1 4.0 1.4 2.0 1.3

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

5874 5874 5874 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

17697 e 556 e 18253 e 186 18067 18067

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

247 e 247 e 185 e 62 62

614 e 614 e 521 e 93 93

573 e 573 e 508 e 65 1 64

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1257 1257 285 972 79 893

e

e e

e e e

1404 1404 347 1057 93 964

e

e e

e e e

1617 1617 452 1165 1165

e

e e

e e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

374 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Switzerland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

375 375 248 127 71 56

605 605 332 273 153 120

762 762 455 307 172 135

960 960 .. .. .. ..

12.6 12.6 21.3 7.9 8.6 7.1

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

101 101 17 84 42 42

159 e 159 e 38 e 121 79 42

300 300 102 e 198 120 78

-

-

-

1000 1000 1000 1000

1000 1000 1000 1000

2531 2531 -469 3000 3000

2607 2607 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

7000 7000 7000 7000

8000 8000 8000 8000

10511 10511 -489 11000 11000

11184 11184 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 375

Turkey

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

376 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Turkey Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 5.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0%

Renewables 18.3%

Oil 44.4%

Hydro 20.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 74.6%

Other(3) 4.8% Coal 32.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

53 Mtoe

9.66 Mtoe

7.21 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 30.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.5%

Hydro 32.1% Renewables 9.6%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 52.3% Biogas 0.3%

Other(3) 15.6%

Oil 30.7%

Liquid Biomass 0.2%

Coal 29.4%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

100 Mtoe

9.60 Mtoe

5.02 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 50 45 40

TWh

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 377

Turkey 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

52.76 9.66

61.55 10.78

76.35 10.10

84.38 10.13

93.03 10.36

100.01 9.60

96.45 9.13

3.8 -0.0

-3.7

18.3

17.5

13.2

12.0

11.1

9.6

9.5

185.95

217.79

266.56

333.03

355.99

371.84

384.10

4.2

0.28

0.28

0.29

0.25

0.26

0.27

0.25

-0.3

99

99

100

88

91

94

88

-0.3

56.20

61.64

67.46

72.07

72.97

73.90

74.86

1.6

TPES/population (toe per capita)

0.94

1.00

1.13

1.17

1.27

1.35

1.29

2.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

57.5

86.2

124.9

162.0

176.3

191.6

198.6

7.3

23.23

35.85

31.15

39.75

44.52

36.46

34.33

2.7

40.4

41.6

24.9

24.5

25.3

19.0

17.3

-4.3

8.4

10.3

10.5

10.7

12.4

14.1

..

3.1

-

-

-

-

0.02

0.01

..

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

0.1

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

Total capacity

6782

9895

11307

13050

13258

13679

..

4.2

Hydro

6764

9863

11175

12906

13063

13395

..

4.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

2008e

90-07

18

18

18

15

23

23

..

1.5

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

19

21

59

146

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

19

27

27

27

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

14

72

72

72

72

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

4

9

14

16

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

7700

11000

11500

12000

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

5390

7700

8050

8400

..

-

Geothermal

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

378 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Turkey 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

23228

35849

31208

39836

44618

36576

34373

2.7

Hydro

23148

35541

30879

39561

44244

35851

33283

2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

86

76

94

94

156

98

4.0

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

33

59

127

355

797

-

Industrial waste

-

-

54

88

96

119

43

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

222

145

5

22

25

20

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

21

29

35

70

132

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

23228

35627

31116

39832

44598

36555

..

2.7

Hydro

23148

35541

30879

39561

44244

35851

..

2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

86

76

94

94

156

..

4.0

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

33

59

127

355

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

54

88

96

119

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

53

2

5

7

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

21

28

32

67

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

222

92

4

20

21

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

222

92

3

17

18

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

1

3

3

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 379

Turkey (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

380 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Turkey 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3083 3083 -3005 -79 35851 35851 -

Wind

31 31 -30 355 355 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

1048 1048 -134 914 914 914 156 156 -

Solar thermal

420 420 420 126 126 294 294 -

Industrial waste

34 34 -34 119 119 -

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 381

Turkey 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

4993 4993 -3 -6 4984 4984 4984 25 7 18 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

1 1 -1 4 1 3 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

-

14 14 -8 -6 66 66 -

Biogasoline

-

Biodiesel

12 12 12 12 12 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

9636 9636 -3177 -122 -7 6330 126 126 12 12 6192 6192 36576 36555 21 -

Share in total energy sources

35.3% 9.6% x x x 8.3% 0.5% 1.2% 0.1% 0.1% 20.0% 29.9% 19.1% 20.0% 0.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

382 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Turkey 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

18137 18137 2880 15257 15257

21384 21384 3096 18288 18288

28623 28623 2736 25887 25887

42161 42161 3398 38763 38763

40974 40974 3384 37590 37590

43869 43869 5609 38260 38260

40852 40852 3528 37324 ..

5.3 5.3 4.0 5.6 5.6

1172 1172 1172 335 837

5986 5986 5986 1591 4395

10967 10967 10967 4060 6907

16111 16111 16111 5065 11046

16849 16849 16849 5086 11763

17581 17581 17581 5274 12307

17515 17515 17515 .. ..

17.3 17.3 17.3 17.6 17.1

-

-

648 e 648 e 648 e -

1056 1056 1056 -

1152 1152 1152 -

1428 1428 1428 -

516 516 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 383

Turkey 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

222947 222947 46 222901 222901

214924 214924 319 214605 214605

209100 209100 372 208728 208728

199359 199359 .. .. ..

-2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

301722 301722 301722 301722

295863 295863 11625 284238 284238

e

-

-

-

58 58 58 -

48 48 48 -

48 48 48 -

48 48 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

e e

e

e

271875 e 271875 e 1585 270290 270290

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

384 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Turkey 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

209 209 209 -

237 237 237 -

283 283 283 -

581 581 581 -

1150 1150 .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

22000 22000 22000 22000

14000 14000 14000 14000

15000 15000 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 385

United Kingdom

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

386 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United Kingdom Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 22.8%

Oil 37.5%

Hydro 43.5% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 53.2%

Nuclear 8.3%

Biogas 34.5%

Renewables 0.5% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 55.3%

Other(3) 1.1%

Coal 30.5%

Renew. Mun. Waste 12.3%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

207 Mtoe

1.03 Mtoe

0.57 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Hydro 10.0%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3%

Gas 38.8%

Nuclear 7.8%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 78.7%

Other(3) 11.4%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 31.9%

Renewables 2.1%

Biogas 46.0%

Renew. Mun. Waste 12.1% Coal 18.3%

Oil 32.6%

Liquid Biomass 10.0%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

211 Mtoe

4.40 Mtoe

3.46 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 30 25

TWh

20 15 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 387

United Kingdom 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

207.17 1.03

217.10 1.84

223.99 2.26

222.75 3.79

219.43 4.08

211.31 4.40

207.42 5.12

0.1 8.9

8.8

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.5

1150.46

1247.91

1477.51

1666.61

1713.90

1765.77

1777.60

2.6

0.18

0.17

0.15

0.13

0.13

0.12

0.12

-2.4 -2.4

119

115

100

88

84

79

77

57.24

58.03

58.89

60.22

60.59

60.78

61.06

0.4

3.62

3.74

3.80

3.70

3.62

3.48

3.40

-0.2

317.8

332.5

374.4

395.4

394.0

392.3

386.2

1.2

5.81

6.87

9.97

16.94

18.12

19.67

22.02

7.4

1.8

2.1

2.7

4.3

4.6

5.0

5.7

6.1

36.4

36.8

38.9

39.7

39.9

40.4

..

0.6

-

-

-

0.07

0.18

0.35

..

-

-

-

-

0.2

0.4

0.9

..

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total capacity

4028

4735

5473

7475

7900

8517

..

4.5

Hydro

3897

4220

4273

4289

4240

4269

..

0.5

2787

2788

2788

2788

2726

2744

..

-0.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

2

11

14

14

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

1

1

1

1

..

-

10

200

412

1565

1955

2477

..

38.3

of which: pumped storage

Wind

90-07

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

31

87

184

234

237

237

..

12.7

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

46

133

475

512

530

..

-

90

182

468

900

941

989

..

15.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

205

254

396

863

1066

1320

..

11.6

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

144

178

277

604

746

924

..

11.6

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

388 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United Kingdom 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

7876

8835

13183

22427

24335

25628

28348

7.2

Hydro

7189

6390

7780

7852

8446

8948

9113

1.3

1982

1552

2694

2930

3853

3859

4089

4.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

8

11

11

14

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

9

391

947

2904

4225

5274

7111

45.5

1

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

1977

1716

1397

1485

-

140

471

840

964

1083

1177

1251

13.3

83

412

519

578

650

707

751

13.4

-

199

541

3382

3324

2920

3103

-

455

972

2555

4762

4880

5194

5520

15.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

7560

8425

12761

20692

22680

23880

..

7.0

Hydro

7189

6390

7780

7852

8446

8948

..

1.3

1982

1552

2694

2930

3853

3859

..

4.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

8

11

11

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

9

391

947

2904

4225

5274

..

45.5

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which:

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

779

698

351

..

-

140

471

804

890

931

1022

..

12.4

83

412

500

534

559

614

..

12.5

-

199

541

3382

3324

2920

..

-

139

562

2188

4343

4486

4740

..

23.1

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

316

410

422

1735

1655

1748

..

10.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

1198

1018

1046

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

36

74

152

155

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

19

44

91

93

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

316

410

367

419

394

454

..

2.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 389

United Kingdom (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

390 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United Kingdom 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

438 438 -356 -81 5089 5089 -

Wind

454 454 -454 5274 5274 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 11 11 -

Geothermal

1 1 1 1 1 -

Solar thermal

45 45 45 45 45 -

Industrial waste

351 351 -144 -208 1397 351 1046 -

Mun. waste renew.

418 418 -307 -36 75 39 39 35 10 21 4 1177 1022 155 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 391

United Kingdom 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

251 251 -184 -22 45 24 24 21 6 13 2 707 614 93 -

Wood/ wood waste

784 318 1102 -354 -297 451 89 89 361 301 60 2920 2920 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

1393 1393 -1380 13 13 13 4678 4678 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

199 199 -68 -85 46 46 46 516 62 454 -

Biogasoline

-

9 68 77 77 77 77 -

Biodiesel

375 -106 269 -1 268 268 268 -

Other liquid biofuels

-

Total renew. & waste sources

4719 386 -106 4999 -1 -710 -2916 -351 1021 165 165 345 345 509 317 80 60 52 21769 20021 1748 -

Share in total energy sources

2.7% 0.3% 0.1% 2.4% x x x x 0.7% 0.5% 1.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.5% 7.3% 3.1% 5.6% 5.5% 6.5% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

392 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United Kingdom 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 ..

-

428 428 428 428

428 428 428 428

469 469 469 469

1229 1229 1229 1229

1519 1519 1519 1519

1879 1879 1879 1879

1879 1879 1879 ..

9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1

1909 1909 1909 e 398 1511

1472 1472 1472 1472

14789 14789 14789 -

12534 12534 12534 -

14710 14710 14710 -

15637 15637 .. -

19.9 19.9 -

11055 11055 10266 789 92 697

15560 15560 1 12607 2952 1242 1710

16816 16816 14153 2663 1183 1480

17514 17514 -1 14381 3134 1654 1480

18615 18615 .. .. .. .. ..

11.1 11.1 x 12.2 7.6 3.0

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

676 676 676 e 398 278

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

2933 2933 2033 900 900

5682 5682 4931 751 751

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 393

United Kingdom 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

4966 4966 4310 656 656

6441 6441 6028 413 54 359

9336 9336 7564 1772 745 1027

10089 10089 -1 8492 1598 710 888

10508 10508 -1 8629 1880 992 888

11162 11162 .. .. .. .. ..

11.1 11.1 x 12.2 7.7 3.0

12685 12685 12685 2386 10299

37090 37090 4685 32405 20850 11555

27588 27588 6742 20846 11137 9709

34748 14806 49554 33616 15938 3331 12607

33116 17479 50595 33338 17257 3390 13867

32838 13301 46139 27273 18866 3738 15128

34896 13301 48197 .. .. .. ..

5.8 7.9 2.4 2.7 2.3

2999 2999 1718 1281 1281 -

7510 7510 6945 565 565 -

27566 27566 27038 528 528 -

53553 53553 53025 528 528 -

55207 55207 54679 528 528 -

58326 58326 57798 528 528 -

61992 61992 .. .. .. -

19.1 19.1 23.0 -5.1 -5.1 -

5223 5223 3904 1319 1319

7295 7295 5072 2223 2223

6346 6346 4537 1809 1809

7834 7834 5814 2020 2020

7352 7352 5630 1722 1722

8331 8331 6387 1944 1944

8848 8848 .. .. ..

2.8 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.3

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

1747 1747 1211 536 536

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

394 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United Kingdom 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

67439 67439 439 67000 67000

75207 75207 207 75000 75000

13746 107126 120872 -128 121000 121000

43874 107126 151000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

8860 20057 28917 -83 29000 29000

256072 -76558 -30864 148650 -350 149000 149000

426786 -121436 305350 350 305000 305000

860436 -121436 739000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 395

United States

Tables 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

396 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United States Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 Gas 22.9%

Biogas Renew. Mun. 1.3% Waste 3.6%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 8.3%

Hydro 24.4%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 60.6%

Renewables 5.0% Oil 39.6% Coal 24.0%

Other(3) 15.0%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.2%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1,913 Mtoe

96.17 Mtoe

58.25 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 Gas 23.0%

Biogas 5.8%

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 9.3%

Hydro 19.4%

Liquid Biomass 19.5%

Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 68.7%

Renewables 4.7% Oil 38.9%

Coal 23.7%

Renew. Mun. Waste 5.2%

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 69.6%

Other(3) 11.9%

TPES(1)

of which: Total Renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2,340 Mtoe

110.90 Mtoe

76.19 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source 500 450 400

TWh

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide

Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste

Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 397

United States 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION Average annual percent change

TPES (Mtoe)

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

1913.17 96.17

2071.32 104.84

2283.28 101.95

2323.40 105.14

2302.80 109.55

2339.94 110.90

2297.03 116.66

1.2 0.8

-0.3

5.0

5.1

4.5

4.5

4.8

4.7

5.1

7055.00

7972.80

9764.80

10936.70

11240.60

11468.00

11596.20

2.9

0.27

0.26

0.23

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.20

-1.7

116

111

100

91

88

87

85

-1.7

250.18

266.59

282.43

296.37

299.20

302.09

305.15

1.1

7.65

7.77

8.08

7.84

7.70

7.75

7.53

0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

3202.8

3558.4

4025.7

4268.4

4274.3

4322.9

4329.4

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

369.24

384.34

330.18

365.70

394.49

360.83

380.89

-0.1

11.5

10.8

8.2

8.6

9.2

8.3

8.8

-1.9

391.4

434.9

490.7

530.1

534.3

537.9

..

1.9

-

2.65

3.19

8.07

11.32

14.79

..

-

-

0.6

0.6

1.5

2.1

2.7

..

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW) Average annual percent change

Total capacity Hydro

1990

1995

108105 e

115442 e

2007

2008e

90-07

114883

121022

124541

131244

..

1.1

98881

98887

99282

99770

..

0.5

-

21387

19522

21347

21461

21886

..

-

2669

2968

2793

2285

2274

2214

..

-1.1

339

67 e 333

139 e

493 e

698 e

974 e

..

-

419

388

401

465

..

1.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1911

1731

2377

8706

11329

16515

..

13.5 -2.2

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

2006

100060

Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal

2005

92360

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2000

Industrial waste

538 e

696 e

638

461

456

366

..

Municipal waste

2001 e

2191 e

2627

2167

2188

2218

..

0.6

Solid biomass

7958 e

6961 e

6129

6471

6670

7056

..

-0.7

329 e

435 e

880

1097

1176

1491

..

9.3

-

-

-

67

67

75

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

18530

21215

19395

16613

17222

17843

..

-0.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

12971

14851

13577

11629

12055

12490

..

-0.2

Gas from biomass Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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398 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United States 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 1

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total electricity

395066 e

419738

372499

404412

433525

399288

415104

0.1

Hydro

288960

337856

279986

297926

317689

275545

277177

-0.3

15808

23740

26782

25481

25820

25926

25160

3.0

16012

14941

14621

16778

16581

16798

16130

0.3

3

4

3

16

15

16

21

10.3

663

824

526

596

550

673

912

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

3066

3196

5650

17881

26676

34603

52408

15.3

Industrial waste

4710 e

4268

7170

5748

5605

5006

1564

0.4

Municipal waste renew.

5306 e

7386

8364

9528

9690

9578

9585

3.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

5307

7387

8363

7486

7613

7526

7494

2.1

68545 e

40587

42586

41791

41884

41990

42253

-2.8

2494 e

3289

5230

6449

7058

7469

7470

6.7

-

-

213

164

84

90

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Gas from biomass

-

Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants

333179 e

382658

330651

365445

394111

360069

..

0.5

Hydro

288960

337856

279986

297926

317689

275545

..

-0.3

15808

23740

26782

25481

25820

25926

..

3.0

16012

14941

14621

16778

16581

16798

..

0.3

3

4

3

16

15

16

..

10.3

663

824

526

596

550

673

..

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3066

3196

5650

17881

26676

34603

..

15.3

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

440

923

1548

1427

1116

..

2.4

6716

7263

8541

8664

8509

..

3.4

4847

6716

7262

6711

6807

6686

..

1.9

11539 e

8887

10512

9964

9592

9635

..

-1.1

2494 e

3078

3905

5479

6103

6474

..

5.8

-

-

5

7

14

..

-

37080

41848

38967

39414

39219

..

-2.6

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

749 e 4846 e

Gas from biomass

-

Liquid biomass CHP plants

61887 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3961 e

-

3828

6247

4200

4178

3890

..

-0.1

Municipal waste renew.

460 e

670

1101

987

1026

1069

..

5.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

460

671

1101

775

806

840

..

3.6

31700

32074

31827

32292

32355

..

-3.3

Geothermal Industrial waste

Solid biomass

57006 e

Gas from biomass

-

211

1325

970

955

995

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

208

157

70

..

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 399

United States (1)

4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

28539

27118

16708

42972

47677

48103

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

1993

187

2061

3899

3525

4334

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

3635

7626

1700

5642

5996

6240

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

3635

7625

1335

4433

4711

4861

-

Solid biomass

-

19276

9489

11487

27903

32164

31463

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

2191

125

1095

1281

1205

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: CHP plants

-

28539

27118

16708

42972

47677

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

1993

187

2061

3899

3525

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

3635

7626

1700

5642

5996

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

3635

7625

1335

4433

4711

..

-

Solid biomass

-

19276

9489

11487

27903

32164

..

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

2191

125

1095

1281

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gas from biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics (1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

400 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United States 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses

TFC Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

21467 21467 -21319 -148 249619 249619 -

Wind

2976 2976 -2976 34603 34603 -

Tide wave ocean

-

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Solar PV

1 1 -1 16 16 -

Geothermal

8786 8786 -7751 1036 118 118 917 554 363 16798 16798 -

Solar thermal

1473 1473 -148 1325 1325 1325 673 673 -

Industrial waste

2961 2961 -188 -122 -141 -663 1847 1832 873 451 9 489 2 8 15 15 5006 1116 3890 3525 3525 -

Mun. waste renew.

3928 3928 -2959 -262 -346 -71 290 90 29 61 200 200 9578 8509 1069 5996 5996 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 401

United States 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007 Mun. waste nonren.

3086 3086 -2325 -206 -272 -56 228 71 23 48 157 157 7526 6686 840 4711 4711 -

Wood/ wood waste

52998 52998 -3533 -197 -1353 -4348 43568 31239 38 6 890 24030 5987 288 12329 10292 1667 369 41990 9635 32355 32164 32164 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

4141 4141 -1719 -44 -130 -20 2227 2215 3 1 1 2209 13 13 6741 6275 466 238 238 -

Sludge gas

Other biogas

-

245 245 -53 -1 -34 -97 60 9 5 4 51 51 728 199 529 1043 1043 -

Biogasoline

12493 841 -143 13191 13191 13191 13191 -

Biodiesel

1597 1597 1597 1597 1597 -

Other liquid biofuels

92 92 -1 -1 -11 79 79 1 78 84 14 70 -

Total renew. & waste sources

116244 841 -143 116942 -42973 -981 -2276 -5266 65448 35653 915 457 1 904 24654 5989 2732 14788 14788 15007 12171 2466 369 373362 334143 39219 47677 47677 -

Share in total energy sources

7.0% 0.1% x 5.0% x x x x 4.1% 12.2% 1.1% 1.8% 0.0% 3.0% 43.4% 47.7% 22.8% 2.3% 2.8% 3.0% 4.6% 1.2% 2.3% 8.6% 8.4% 11.8% 8.6% 8.6% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

402 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United States 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

590501 590501 576432 14069 14069

554876 554876 537876 17000 17000

548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093

361437 361437 325776 35661 4537 31124

361754 361754 323033 38721 4642 34079

367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404

435864 435864 387120 48744 .. ..

-2.7 -2.7 -3.3 6.8 6.1

2387 2387 2387 -

2967 2967 2967 -

57291 57291 5641 51650 51650

58699 58699 5157 53542 53542

61691 61691 6216 55475 55475

66791 66791 9652 57139 ..

21.1 21.1 5.8 -

97000 97000 .. .. .. ..

2.6 2.6 -3.2 -

168110 168110 .. .. .. ..

3.8 3.8 x 3.4 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

65871 e 65871 e 5569 60302 60302

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

80721 e 80721 e 80721 e -

128432 128432 125190 3242 3242 -

172192 172192 69406 102786 102131 655

104030 104030 44571 59459 59051 408

127560 e 127560 e 52643 e 74917 74506 411

123995 123995 46643 77352 76726 626

86915 e 86915 e 86915 e -

135119 135119 135119 -

171490 171490 128715 42775 23850 18925

166349 166349 1 153595 12753 4565 8188 e

169626 169626 152685 16941 4258 12683 e

164485 164485 152341 12144 3775 8369 e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 403

United States 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

135118 135118 135118 -

171489 171489 128714 42775 23850 18925

130701 130701 -1 120683 10019 3586 6433 e

133278 133278 119968 13310 3345 9965 e

129238 129238 119696 9542 2966 6576 e

131227 131227 .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.4 x 1.9 -

2321772 e 2321772 e 1375699 e 946073 379180 566893

2401242 2401242 1281621 1119621 477117 642504

2303809 2303809 502381 1801428 1294091 507337

2262239 2262239 510738 1751501 1182217 569284

2197995 2197995 384102 1813893 1345615 468278

2219359 2219359 394897 1824462 1308186 516276

2102519 2102519 .. .. .. ..

-0.3 -0.3 -7.1 3.9 7.6 -0.5

30674 e 30674 e 30674 e -

42788 42788 42788 -

117526 117526 58068 59458 57035 2423

148340 148340 1 68776 79563 79451 112

157361 157361 76413 80948 80398 550

173398 173398 80121 93277 92744 533

187432 187432 .. .. .. ..

10.7 10.7 x 5.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

86914 86914 86914 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

-

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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404 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

United States 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008e

90-07

-

-

6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822

11509 11509 9930 1579 917 662

11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771

10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137

10194 10194 .. .. .. ..

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4063000 49000 26000 4138000 -8000 4146000 4146000

4498000 15000 79000 4592000 -365000 4957000 4957000

11707935 407305 55290 12170530 -470 12171000 12171000

14646599 2192443 -402645 16436397 397 16436000 16436000

19554534 1317003 -223552 20647985 -15 20648000 20648000

27698615 1555038 -463980 28789673 .. .. ..

x x -

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

20667 20667 -333 21000 21000

302622 302622 -378 303000 303000

834800 834800 -200 835000 835000

1632750 1632750 -250 1633000 1633000

2275140 -1207640 1067500 .. .. ..

x -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

565420 565420 119576 445844 445844 -

430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -

177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -

186296 186296 .. .. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.

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Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA

Principal Qualifications

The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.

x University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business. x Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic. x Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently. x Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry. x Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. x Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required.

The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from Member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of Member and Non-Member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s).

Nationals of any OECD Member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries range from 2 900 to 3 900 Euros per month, depending on qualifications. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: [email protected]

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n Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2009 Edition This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It includes data in original units for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and non-OECD countries’ detailed statistics provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2006 and 2007. For a description of the content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above. Published August 2009 - Price €120

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n Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2009 Edition A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances in million tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries, and thus provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2006 and 2007. For a description of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries above. Published August 2009 - Price €120

n Electricity Information 2009 This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity and heat for each OECD member country by bringing together information on production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices, consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades. The document also presents selected non-OECD country statistics on the main electricity and heat flows. It is an essential document for electricity and heat market and policy analysts. Published August 2009 - Price €150

n Coal Information 2009 This well-established publication provides detailed information on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It presents country-specific statistics for OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand, trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream, as well as institutions and governments involved in market and policy analysis of the world coal market. Published August 2009 - Price €165

n Natural Gas Information 2009 A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world. Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Published August 2009 - Price €165

n Oil Information 2009 A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination. Published August 2009 - Price €165

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n Renewables Information 2009 This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. It also includes a selection of indicators for non-OECD countries. This report provides a strong foundation for renewables energy policy and market analysis to assess progress towards domestic and international objectives. Published August 2009 - Price €110

n CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2009 Edition In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2007 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Published November 2009 - Price €165

Two Quarterlies n Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin and destination. Moreover, oil as well as hard coal and brown coal production are reported on a worldwide basis. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

n Energy Prices and Taxes This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for upto-date information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics cover the main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

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Electronic Editions n CD-ROMs and Online Data Services To complement its publications, the Energy Statistics Division produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities. These databases are also available on the internet from our online data service. Annual CD-ROMS / Online Databases

. . . . . . . . . . .

Energy Energy Energy Energy

Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2008 Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2008 Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2007 Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2007

Price: Price: Price: Price:

€550 €550 €550 €550

(single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user)

Combined subscription of the above four series

Price: €1 400 (single user)

Electricity Information 2009 Coal Information 2009 Natural Gas Information 2009 Oil Information 2009 Renewables Information 2009 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1971-2007

Price: Price: Price: Price: Price: Price:

€550 €550 €550 €550 €400 €550

(single (single (single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user) user) user)

Quarterly CD-ROMs / Online Databases

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Energy Prices and Taxes

Price: (four quarters) €900 (single user)

A description of these services are available on our website: http://data.iea.org

Other Online Services n The Monthly Oil Data Service The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available at the same time as the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include: Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks Trade Field-by-Field Supply Complete Service

. . . .

Price: Price: Price: Price:

€6 €2 €3 €9

000 000 000 000

(single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user)

A description of this service is available on our website: http://modsinfo.iea.org

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n The Monthly Gas Data Service The Monthly Gas Data Service provides for OECD countries historical and current data on natural gas supply and demand, as well as detailed information on trade origins and destinations. The packages include:

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Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical plus 12 monthly updates

Price: €500 (single user)

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Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical

Price: €400 (single user)

A description of this service is available on our website: http://data.iea.org

Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains key energy indicators by country, graphs on the world and OECD’s energy situation evolution from 1971 to the most recent year available, as well as selected databases for demonstration. The IEA statistics website can be accessed at: http://www.iea.org/statistics/

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IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in France by STEDI, July 2009 (61 2009 14 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-06114-9

RENEWABLES INFORMATION

2009 Renewables Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in OECD countries. This reference document brings together essential statistics on renewable and waste energy sources. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process to select policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Part I of the publication provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world over the 1990 to 2007 period. A greater focus is given to OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part II of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD renewables and waste market. Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the 30 OECD member countries, including 2008 preliminary data. It encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste. Renewables Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Coal Information, Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information and Oil Information.

-:HSTCQE=U[VVY^: (61 2009 14 1 P1) e110 ISBN 978-92-64-06114-9