Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy 2nd Edition (Thieme Flexibook)

I Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy Second edition, revised and enlarged Torsten B. Moeller, M. D. Emil Reif, M. D...

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I

Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy Second edition, revised and enlarged Torsten B. Moeller, M. D.

Emil Reif, M. D.

Am Caritas-Krankenhaus Dillingen/Saar Germany

Am Caritas-Krankenhaus Dillingen/Saar Germany

243 Illustrations

Thieme Stuttgart · New York 2000 Moeller, Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy © 2000 Thieme

II Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moeller, Torsten B. [Taschenatlas der Roentgenanatomie. English] Pocket atlas of radiographic anatomy / Torsten B. Moeller, Emil Reif.—2nd ed., rev. and enlarged. p. cm. Translation of the 1998 German ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-13-784202-6—ISBN 0-86577-874-4 1. Human anatomy—Atlases. 2. Radiography, Medical—Atlases. I. Title. II. Reif, Emil. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Atlases. 2. Anatomy—Handbooks. 3. Radiography—Atlases. 4. Radiography—Handbooks. QS 17 M726t 2000 a] QM25.M55613 2000 611’.0022’221—dc21 99-040802 Translated by John Grossman, Berlin, Germany This book is an authorized revised and enlarged translation of the 2nd German edition published and copyrighted 1998 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas der Röntgenanatomie Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names, even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. © 2000 Georg Thieme Verlag, Rüdigerstrasse 14, D-70469 Stuttgart, Germany Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA Typesetting by primustype R. Hurler GmbH, D-73274 Notzingen, Germany typeset on Textline/HerculesPro Printed in Germany by Offizin Andersen Nexö, Leipzig ISBN 3-13-784202-6 (GTV) ISBN 0-86577-874-4 (TNY) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Important Note: Medicine is an everchanging science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of application stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturer’s leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed.

Moeller, Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy © 2000 Thieme

III

To Bernie and Arlene, Bryan and Nancy Riegner, Southfield, Michigan


IV

Preface to the Second Edition Despite the introduction of digital radiography, the process of obtaining and evaluating radiographic images has not changed significantly in recent years, nor has the importance of a good knowledge of the anatomic details of conventional radiographs. This book is a case in point. We were very pleased with the wide distribution of the first edition, which has been an additional incentive to improve a number of details, include even better images, replace some of the drawings, and include a few new radiographs. The structure of the second edition also strictly follows that of Normal Findings in Radiology and Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning. Our intention in this is to present clearly and concisely each respective chapter of conventional diagnostic radiography and to avoid unnecessary repetition. At the same time, we give the reader the opportunity to examine different aspects of the same material with the same degree of clarity, which may prove important on another occasion. We have employed a consistent style and the same radiographs to structure the material and make it more readily accessible for reading, learning, or reference purposes. Dillingen, Summer 1999

Torsten B. Möller Emil Reif


Table of Contents Skeletal Imaging 1 Skull 2 Posterior-Anterior View of the Skull 3 Lateral View of the Skull 5 Towne View of the Posterior Skull 7 Waters View of the Nasal Sinuses 9 Occipitofrontal View of the Nasal Sinuses 11 Posterior-Anterior View of the Orbit 13 Rhese View of the Orbit 15 Maxilla 17 Ramus of the Mandible 19 Clementschitsch View of the Mandible 21 Pantomogram of the Jaw and Facial Bones 23 Skull: Lateral View of the Nose 24 Zygomatic Arch 25 Skull 26 Base of the Skull 27 Altschul View of the Petrous Ridge 29 Schüller View of the Petrous Bone 31 Stenvers View of the Petrous Bone 33 Mayer View of the Petrous Bone 35 Lateral View of the Sella Turcica 37 Anterior-Posterior View of the Sella Turcica 39 Spine 40 Anterior-Posterior Full-length View of the Spine 41

V Anterior-Posterior View of the Cervical Spine 43 Lateral View of the Cervical Spine 45 Oblique View of the Cervical Spine 47 Anterior-Posterior View of the Thoracic Spine 49 Lateral View of the Thoracic Spine 51 Anterior-Posterior View of the Lumbar Spine 53 Lateral View of the Lumbar Spine 55 Oblique View of the Lumbar Spine 57 Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis 59 Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis in a Child 61 Inlet View of the Pelvis 63 Guthmann’s View of the Pelvis 65 Iliac Wing View of the Pelvis 67 Obturator View of the Pelvis 69 Thirty-degree Anterior Oblique View of the Sacroiliac Joint 71 Anterior-Posterior View of the Sacrum 73 Lateral View of the Sacrum 75 Anterior-Posterior View of the Coccyx 77 Lateral View of the Coccyx 79 Upper Extremities 80 Osseous Hemithorax 81 Anterior-Posterior View of the Sternum 83 Lateral View of the Sternum 85 Stress View of Both Shoulders 87 Anterior-Posterior View of the Clavicle 89 Oblique View of the Clavicle 91 Acromioclavicular Joint 93


VI

Table of Contents Anterior-Posterior View of the Scapula 95 Lateral View of the Scapula 97 Anterior-Posterior View of the Shoulder 99 Anterior-Posterior Abduction View of the Shoulder 101 Axial View of the Shoulder 103 Tangential View of the Shoulder 105 Transthoracic View of the Shoulder 107 Anterior-Posterior View of the Upper Arm 109 Lateral View of the Upper Arm 111 Anterior-Posterior View of the Elbow 113 Lateral View of the Elbow 115 Axial View of the Elbow 117 Oblique View of the Radius 119 Anterior-Posterior View of the Forearm 121 Lateral View of the Forearm 123 Anterior-Posterior View of the Hand 125 Oblique View of the Hand 127 Anterior-Posterior View of the Wrist 129 Lateral View of the Wrist 131 Carpal Tunnel 133 Scaphoid Views 135 Special View of the Pisiform 137 Finger in Two Planes 139 Lower Extremities 140 Full-length Anterior-Posterior Weight-bearing View of the Leg 141 Anterior-Posterior View of the Hip 143 Lauenstein View of the Hip 145 Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider I) 147

Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider II) 149 Axial View of the Hip 151 Anterior-Posterior View of the Thigh 153 Lateral View of the Thigh 155 Anterior-Posterior View of the Knee 157 Lateral View of the Knee 159 Frik Tunnel View of the Knee 161 Thirty, Sixty, and Ninety-degree Views of the Patella 163 Anterior-Posterior View of the Lower Leg 165 Lateral View of the Lower Leg 167 Anterior-Posterior View of the Ankle 169 Lateral View of the Ankle 171 Anterior-Posterior View of the Foot 173 Lateral View of the Foot 175 Lateral View of the Calcaneus 177 Tangential View of the Calcaneus 179 Anterior-Posterior View of the Metatarsals 181 Oblique View of the Metatarsals 183 Anterior-Posterior View of the Forefoot 185 Oblique View of the Forefoot 187 Anterior-Posterior and Lateral Views of the Great Toe 189

Anatomy of Miscellaneous Plain Films 191 Routine Radiographs 192 Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph 193


Table of Contents Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph (Heart and Major Vessels) 195 Lateral Chest 197 Segments of the lung 199 Anterior Oblique View of the Right Chest 201 Anterior Oblique View of the Left Chest 203 Abdomen with the Patient Standing 205 Abdomen with the Patient Supine 207 Spot Images 208 Craniocaudal Mammogram 209 Mediolateral Mammogram 211 Anterior-Posterior Spot View of the Trachea 213 Lateral Spot View of the Trachea 215 Tomography 216 Anterior-Posterior Tomogram of the Pulmonary Hilum 217 Lateral Tomogram of the Right Hilum of the Lung 219 Tomogram of the Sacroiliac Joint 221

Contrast Studies 223 Gastrointestinal System 224 Anterior-Posterior View of the Hypopharynx 225 Lateral View of the Hypopharynx 227 Esophagus 229 Esophagus and Stomach 231 Stomach 233 Stomach and Duodenum 235 Stomach and Small Bowel 237 Small Bowel 239 Spot Film of the Ileocecal Region 241

VII Colon 243 Rectum 245 Defecography 247 Intravenous Contrast Studies 248 Intravenous Urogram 249 Intravenous Cholecystocholangiogram 251 Arthrography 252 Posterior-Anterior Wrist Arthrogram 253 Lateral Wrist Arthrogram 255 Anterior-Posterior Shoulder Arthrogram 257 Oblique Shoulder Arthrogram 259 Knee Arthrogram 261 Ankle Arthrogram 263 Arteriography 264 Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 265 Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 267 Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase 269 Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase 271 Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 273 Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 275 Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Venous Phase 277 Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Venous Phase 279 Anterior-Posterior Angiogram of the Cervical Vessels 281 Anterior-Posterior Aortic Arch Angiogram 283


VIII

Table of Contents Pulmonary Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 285 Anterior-Posterior Pulmonary Arteriogram, Venous Phase 287 Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Arterial Phase 289 Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Venous Phase 291 Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 293 Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Venous Phase 295 Renal Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 297 Renal Arteriogram, Venous Phase 299 Pelvic Aortic Angiogram 301 Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Thigh 303 Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Knee 305 Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Lower Leg 307 Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Ankle and Foot 309 Venography 310 Anterior-Posterior Superior Vena Cava Venogram 311 Anterior-Posterior Inferior Vena Cava Venogram 313 Lateral Inferior Vena Cava Venogram 315 Upper Extremity Venogram of the Axilla 317 Upper Extremity Venogram of the Forearm 319 Lower Extremity Venogram 321

Special Studies 323 Special Studies 324 Anterior-Posterior Thoracic Myelogram 325 Lateral Thoracic Myelogram 327 Anterior-Posterior Lumbar Myelogram 329 Lateral Lumbar Myelogram 331 Oblique Lumbar Myelogram 333 Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase 335 Oblique Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase 337 Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Nodal Phase 339 Anterior-Posterior Left Bronchogram 341 Lateral Left Bronchogram 343 Lateral Parotid Sialogram 345 Anterior-Posterior Parotid Sialogram 347 Hysterosalpingogram 349 Galactogram 351 ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) 353

Index 354


IX

Skull

Spine

Upper Extremities

Lower Extremities

Routine Radiographs

Contrast Studies

Special Studies


X


1

Skeletal Imaging


2

Skull


Posterior-Anterior View of the Skull

3

1 2

3 4 6

5

7 9

8 10

11

12

13 15

14 16

18 17 19

20

21 22

23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sagittal suture Pacchionian granulations Lambdoid suture Frontal sinus Roof of the orbit Sphenoid Ethmoid sinus Frontozygomatic suture Petrous ridge Innominate line Internal auditory canal Zygomatic arch

13 Condylar process of the mandible 14 Nasal septum and inferior nasal bones 15 Maxillary sinus 16 Mastoid process 17 Occiput 18 Dens of the axis 19 Maxilla 20 Mandibular canal 21 Angle of the mandible 22 Mandible 23 Mental protuberance


4

Skull

Frontal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Zygomatic bone Parietal bone Sphenoid bone


Lateral View of the Skull

5

1 2 3

4 5

6 7 9 12 14 16 18 20 22

8 10 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 24

25

26

27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Outer table of the parietal bone Diploe Inner table of the parietal bone Coronal suture Groove of the middle meningeal artery Frontal sinus Pituitary fossa Greater wing of the sphenoid Lambdoid suture Cribriform plate Anterior clinoid process Posterior clinoid process Nasal bone Sphenoid sinus

15 Zygomatic bone (lateral wall of the orbit) 16 Clivus 17 Ethmoid sinus 18 Petrous portion of the temporal bone 19 Maxillary sinus 20 Opening of the external auditory canal 21 Coronoid process of the mandible 22 Foramen magnum 23 Zygomatic process 24 Hard palate 25 Nasopharynx 26 Soft palate 27 Mandible


6

Skull


Towne View of the Posterior Skull

1 Lambdoid suture 2 Occipital protuberances (external and internal) 3 Occipital bone 4 Sulcus of the transverse sinus 5 Occipital crest 6 Foramen magnum 7 Petrous bone 8 Arcuate eminence

7

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Semicircular canals Mastoid air cells Internal auditory canal Posterior arch of the atlas Jugular foramen Dens Temporomandibular joint Condyle of the mandible


8

Skull


Waters View of the Nasal Sinuses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Frontal sinus Nasal bone Anterior ethmoid sinus Orbit Nasal septum Greater wing of the sphenoid Infraorbital foramen Foramen rotundum Posterior ethmoid sinus Zygomatic bone

9

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Maxillary sinus Alveolar recess of the maxilla Sphenoid sinus Foramen ovale Alveolar process of the maxilla Condyle of the mandible Petrous ridge Tongue Mandible


10

Skull


Occipitofrontal View of the Nasal Sinuses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Frontal sinus Roof of the orbit Crista galli Innominate line Sphenoid Petrous ridge Lateral wall of the orbit Zygomatic bone

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Anterior ethmoid sinus Internal auditory canal Nasal septum Maxillary sinus Nasal cavity Dens Atlantoaxial joint


11

12

Skull


Posterior-Anterior View of the Orbit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Frontal sinus Roof of the orbit Sphenoid Orbit (gray background) Ethmoid sinus Lateral wall of the orbit Lesser wing of the sphenoid Innominate line Orbital plate Greater wing of the sphenoid Superior orbital fissure

12 Frontal process of the zygomatic bone 13 Foramen rotundum 14 Floor of the orbit 15 Petrous ridge 16 Nasal septum 17 Zygomatic arch 18 Inferior turbinate 19 Maxillary sinus 20 Hard palate


13

14

Skull


Rhese View of the Orbit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Frontal sinus Roof of the orbit Left lesser wing of the sphenoid Right lesser wing of the sphenoid Sphenoid Ethmoid sinus Optic canal

15

8 9 10 11 12

Lateral wall of the orbit Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid sinus Zygomatic arch Petrous portion of the temporal bone 13 Maxillary sinus


16

Skull


Maxilla

1 2 3 4 5

Floor of the orbit Nasal septum Base of the skull Maxillary sinus Lateral wall of the maxilla

17

6 7 8 9 10

Anterior nasal spine Coronoid process Maxilla Ramus of the mandible Angle of the mandible


18

Skull


Ramus of the Mandible

1 2 3 4 5 6

Temporomandibular joint Condyle of the mandible Coronoid process Cortex of ramus of the mandible Mandibular foramen Mental protuberance

19

7 8 9 10 11 12

Pulp cavity Root canal Apical foramen of the tooth Mental foramen Mandibular canal Angle of the mandible


20

Skull


Clementschitsch View of the Mandible

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Temporal bone Temporomandibular joint Condyle of the mandible Maxillary sinus Nasal cavity Coronoid process Maxilla Ramus of the mandible Angle of the mandible

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Molars Mandibular canal Premolars Canines Incisors Mental foramen Mental protuberance (trachea superimposed as radiolucent band)


21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Styloid process Soft palate Condyle of the mandible Condylar process Zygomatic arch Coronoid process Floor of the orbit Nasal cavity Hard palate Alveolar recess of the maxilla

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Maxillary sinus Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygoid process Angle of the mandible Shadow of the tongue Mandibular canal Hyoid bone Apical foramen of the tooth Root canal

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Pulp cavity Dentin Enamel Mental foramen Root of the tooth Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

22 Skull


Pantomogram of the Jaw and Facial Bones


23

24

Skull: Lateral View of the Nose

1

2 3 4

5

6

7 8

1 2 3 4

Frontonasal suture Ethmoidal groove Nasal bone Nasomaxillary suture

5 6 7 8

Nasal cartilage Maxilla Vestibule of nose Anterior nasal spine


Zygomatic Arch

25

1 2 3 4 6

1 Maxillary sinus 2 Zygomatic recess (of the maxillary sinus) 3 Zygomatic arch 4 Temporal fossa

5 Temporozygomatic suture 6 Coronoid process (visualized end on) 7 Zygomatic process of the temporal bone


5 7

26

Skull


Base of the Skull

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Nasal septum Zygomatic bone Posterior wall of maxillary sinus Maxillary sinus (with orbit, partially superimposed) Middle cranial fossa, greater wing (anterior wall of middle cranial fossa) Pterygopalatine fossa Coronoid process Pterygoid fossa Sphenoid sinus Foramen ovale

27

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Foramen spinosum Clivus Foramen lacerum Condyle of the mandible Cochlea Internal auditory canal Semicircular canals Anterior arch of the atlas Jugular foramen Mastoid air cells Dens of the axis Foramen magnum Cervical spine


28

Skull


Altschul View of the Petrous Ridge

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Petrous ridge Arcuate eminence Internal auditory canal Vestibule Anterior semicircular canal Lateral semicircular canal Antrum of the mastoid Tympanic cavity Cochlea

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

29

Dorsum sellae Mastoid air cells Foramen magnum Frontal sinus Condyle of the mandible Roof of the orbit Nasal septum and nasal cavities Maxillary sinus Zygomatic arch


30

Skull


Schüller View of the Petrous Bone

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Outer ear Squamous air cells Angle of Citelli Periantral air cells Sulcus of the sigmoid sinus Anterior margin of the petrous bone Antrum of the mastoid Temporomandibular joint fossa Marginal air cells Condyle of the mandible

31

11 Zygomatic process of the temporal bone 12 Articular tubercle 13 Retrofacial air cells 14 Internal and external auditory canal 15 Apex of the petrous bone 16 Air cells in the tip of the mastoid process 17 Styloid process


32

Skull


Stenvers View of the Petrous Bone

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Sphenosquamous suture Internal occipital protuberance Internal occipital crest Subarcuate fossa Arcuate eminence Roof of the tympanic cavity Apex of the petrous pyramid Anterior semicircular canal

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

33

Internal auditory canal Antrum Sphenopetrosal fissure Vestibule Cochlea Lateral semicircular canal Tympanic cavity Condyle of the mandible


34

Skull


Mayer View of the Petrous Bone

1 2 3 4 5 6

Periantral air cells Sigmoid sinus Antrum Retrosinus air cells Aperture of mastoid antrum External auditory canal and tympanic cavity

35

7 Osseous labyrinth 8 Osseous sinus wall (posterior margin of the petrous bone) 9 Zygomatic bone 10 Apex of the mastoid 11 Condyle of the mandible 12 Apex of the petrous bone


36

Skull


Lateral View of the Sella Turcica

37

1 2

3

4

5

8

7 9

6

10 11

1 Floor of anterior cranial fossa and roof of orbits 2 Sphenoid 3 Anterior clinoid process 4 Tuberculum sellae 5 Posterior clinoid process

6 7 8 9 10 11

Dorsum sellae Pituitary fossa Sphenoid sinus Clivus Petrous ridge Greater wing of the sphenoid


38

Skull


Anterior-Posterior View of the Sella Turcica

39

2

1 2 3 4 5

Frontal sinuses Sphenoid Medial wall of orbit Ethmoid sinus Pituitary fossa (floor of the sella turcica)

6 7 8 9

Orbital plate Nasal turbinates Nasal septum Medial wall of the maxillary sinus


40

Spine


Anterior-Posterior Full-length View of the Spine

7C

12 T

5L

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Dens of the axis C7 T2 Rib cage T12 L1 Pedicle, L3

8 9 10 11 12 13

Spinous process, L6 Ilium Sacroiliac joint Sacrum Hip Gonad shield


41

42

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Cervical Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Foramen magnum Atlantoaxial joint Dens of the axis Occipital bone Transverse process Vertebral arch Lateral mass of C1 Atlantoaxial joint Spinous process (bifid)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Uncovertebral joint Overlapping articular processes Uncinate process Pedicle Transverse process Intervertebral disk space Transverse process of T1 Radiolucent band of the trachea First rib


43

44

Spine


Lateral View of the Cervical Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Anterior arch of the atlas Base of the skull Odontoid process Posterior arch of the atlas Mandible Spinous process Body of the axis Anterior superior margin of the vertebra 9 Transverse process 10 Anterior inferior margin of the vertebra

45

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Superior articular facet Inferior articular facet Superior vertebral end plate Inferior vertebral end plate Intervertebral facet joint Intervertebral disk space Lamina Articular pillar Spinous process Trachea


46

Spine


Oblique View of the Cervical Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Anterior arch Odontoid process Atlas Mandible Body of C2 Facet joint Inferior articular process

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

47

Superior articular process Transverse process Contralateral pedicle Pedicle Intervertebral foramen Spinous process Ribs


48

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Thoracic Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Tubercle of first rib Neck of the rib First rib Trachea Clavicle Head of the rib Paravertebral line Superior vertebral end plate

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Body of vertebra Inferior vertebral end plate Transverse process Pedicle Spinous process Diaphragm Inferior articular process Superior articular process


49

50

Spine


Lateral View of the Thoracic Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Scapula Anterior superior margin Posterior superior margin Anterior inferior margin Posterior inferior margin Body of vertebra Superior articular process Inferior articular process Superior vertebral end plate

51

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Inferior vertebral end plate Head of the rib Intervertebral disk space Intervertebral foramen Transverse process Spinous process Diaphragm Facet joint


52

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Lumbar Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Body of vertebra Superior vertebral end plate Inferior vertebral end plate Intervertebral disk space Facet joint Psoas Superior articular process

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Inferior articular process Transverse process Spinous process Pedicle Sacroiliac joint Sacrum Sacral foramina


53

54

Spine


Lateral View of the Lumbar Spine

1 2 3 4 5 6

Superior vertebral end plate Inferior vertebral end plate Intervertebral foramen Spinous process Transverse process Intervertebral disk space

55

7 8 9 10 11

Superior articular process Inferior articular process Iliac crest Promontory Sacrum


56

Spine


Oblique View of the Lumbar Spine

57

1

2 4 3

6 8

5 7 9

10 11 12

13

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Body of vertebra Intervertebral disk space Ribs Interarticular part Intervertebral disk space Lamina Ipsilateral transverse process

8 9 10 11 12 13

Contralateral transverse process Pedicle Superior articular process Intervertebral foramen Inferior articular process Spinous process


58

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Iliac crest Iliac wing Sacrum Sacroiliac joint Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Anterior superior iliac spine Obturator internus Acetabular convexity (promontory) Urinary bladder Spine of the ischium Fat stripe medial to the gluteus minimus 13 Posterior acetabular rim

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

59

Coccyx Greater trochanter Superior pubic ramus Femoral neck Acetabular teardrop Pubic symphysis Obturator foramen Intertrochanteric crest Inferior pubic ramus Ischial tuberosity Lesser trochanter Fat stripe medial to the iliopsoas Femur


60

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis in a Child

1 Ilium 2 Perkin’s line (vertical line from the roof of the acetabulum intersecting Hilgenreiner’s line) 3 Acetabular convexity (promontory) 4 Angle of acetabular inclination 5 Wiberg’s center-to-corner angle (the angle between a vertical line drawn from the center of the epiphysis and a line drawn from the roof of the acetabulum to the center of the epiphysis)

6 Hilgenreiner’s line (triradiate cartilage line) 7 Femoral epiphysis 8 Pubic bone 9 Ischium 10 Shenton’s line (curved line formed by the superior curve of the obturator foramen and the femoral neck) 11 Femur


61

62

Spine


Inlet View of the Pelvis

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Iliac crest Iliac wing Posterior superior iliac spine Sacral ala Posterior inferior iliac spine Sacrum Anterior superior iliac spine Iliopubic line

63

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Spine of the ischium Coccyx Femoral head Superior pubic ramus Ischial tuberosity Pubic symphysis Inferior pubic ramus


64

Spine


Guthmann’s View of the Pelvis

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Promontory Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Sacrum Anterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Joint space of the hip Femoral head Spine of the ischium

65

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Superior pubic ramus Pubic symphysis Obturator foramen Coccyx Inferior pubic ramus Body of the ischium Ischial tuberosity Femur


66

Spine


Iliac Wing View of the Pelvis

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Iliac wing Sacrum Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Roof of the acetabulum Floor of the acetabulum

67

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Anterior acetabular rim Spine of the ischium Femoral head Posterior acetabular rim Greater trochanter Pubic bone (anterior column) Ischium (posterior column) Obturator foramen


68

Spine


Obturator View of the Pelvis

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sacroiliac joint Roof of the acetabulum Iliopectineal line Anterior acetabular rim Anterior acetabular floor Femoral head Pubic bone (anterior column)

69

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Posterior acetabular rim Femoral neck Obturator foramen Ischium (posterior column) Ischial tuberosity Lesser trochanter Inferior pubic ramus


70

Spine


Thirty-degree Anterior Oblique View of the Sacroiliac Joint

1 2 3 4

5

6 7

8

9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6

Pedicle of L5 Transverse process of L5 Iliac wing Body of vertebra L5 Sacroiliac joint Sacral foramen

7 8 9 10 11

Iliac wing Lateral part of the sacrum Ilium Arcuate line Roof of the acetabulum


71

72

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Sacrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Transverse process Iliac wing Spinous process L5 Superior articular process Inferior articular process of L5 Sacroiliac joint Sacral ala Sacral foramina Posterior superior iliac spine Median sacral crest

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Posterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Lateral sacral crest Cornu of the sacrum Sacral hiatus Cornu of the coccyx Spine of the ischium Hip Coccyx Femoral head Superior pubic ramus


73

74

Spine


Lateral View of the Sacrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Iliac crest L5 Median sacral crest Promontory Sacrum Sacral canal Greater sciatic notch

75

8 9 10 11 12 13

Cornu of the sacrum Hip Sacral canal Spine of the ischium Lesser sciatic notch Coccyx


76

Spine


Anterior-Posterior View of the Coccyx

1 2 3 4 5

Median sacral crest Sacral foramina Sacral hiatus Lateral sacral crest Cornu of the sacrum

6 7 8 9 10

77

Cornu of the coccyx Transverse process Coccyx Pubic symphysis Superior pubic ramus


78

Spine


Lateral View of the Coccyx

1 2 3 4 5 6

Iliac crest Sacral canal Median sacral crest Sacrum Cornu of the sacrum Sacral canal

79

7 8 9 10 11 12

Greater sciatic notch Lateral sacral crest Rectal gas Spine of the ischium Coccyx Ischium


80

Upper Extremities


Osseous Hemithorax

1 2 3 4 5 6

Clavicle (distal end) Acromion Humeral head Coracoid process Head of the rib Costotransverse joint

81

7 8 9 10 11

Costovertebral articulation Transverse process Inferior angle of the scapula Neck of the rib Costal arch


82

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Sternum

1 2 3 4

Clavicle Sternal notch Sternoclavicular joint Costal notch

5 6 7 8

Manubrium of the sternum Sternal angle Body of the sternum Xiphoid process


83

84

Upper Extremities


Lateral View of the Sternum

1 Clavicles 2 Manubrium of the sternum 3 Sternal angle

85

4 Retrosternal space 5 Body of the sternum 6 Xiphoid process


86

Upper Extremities


1 2 3 4 5 6

Cervical spine Superior angle of the scapula Acromioclavicular joint Acromion Spine of the scapula Clavicle

7 8 9 10 11 Coracoid Lesser tubercle of the humerus Greater tubercle of the humerus Humeral head Glenoid fossa (articular surface)

12 13 14 15 16 Glenoid process of the scapula Medial margin of the scapula Proximal clavicle Lateral margin of the scapula Humerus

Stress View of Both Shoulders


87

88

Upper Extremities


1 2 3 4

Conoid tubercle of the clavicle Acromioclavicular joint Acromion Clavicle

5 6 7 8 Superior angle of the scapula Proximal clavicle Coracoid process Humeral head

9 Spine of the scapula 10 Costotransverse joint 11 Glenoid fossa

Anterior-Posterior View of the Clavicle


89

90

Upper Extremities


1 2 3 4 5

Sternoclavicular joint Clavicle Acromion Acromioclavicular joint Sternum (manubrium)

6 7 8 9 10 Coracoid process Greater tubercle of the humerus Bicipital groove Lesser tubercle of the humerus Humeral head

Oblique View of the Clavicle


91

92

Upper Extremities


1 2 3 4 5

Clavicle Acromion Acromioclavicular joint Conoid tubercle of the clavicle Coracoid process

6 7 8 9 10 Humeral head Greater tubercle of the humerus Bicipital groove Lesser tubercle of the humerus Glenoid fossa

Acromioclavicular Joint


93

94

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Scapula

1

95

2

3 4 7

5 6

8 9

11

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Acromioclavicular joint Clavicle Acromion Coracoid process Superior angle Spine of the scapula Humeral head

8 Articular surface 9 Lateral process (neck) of the scapula 10 Medial margin 11 Lateral margin 12 Inferior angle


96

Upper Extremities


Lateral View of the Scapula

1 2 3 4 5 6

Distal clavicle Superior angle of the scapula Acromioclavicular joint Coracoid process Acromion Spine of the scapula

97

7 8 9 10 11

Humeral head Ribs Lateral margin of the scapula Humeral shaft Inferior angle of the scapula


98

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Shoulder

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Acromion Clavicle Acromioclavicular joint Superior angle of the scapula Spine of the scapula Coracoid process Humeral head Anatomical neck Greater tubercle of the humerus

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Bicipital groove Lesser tubercle of the humerus Scapula Glenoid fossa Glenoid labrum Surgical neck Lateral margin of the scapula Medial margin of the scapula


99

100

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior Abduction View of the Shoulder

1 2 3 4 5 6

Cortex Metaphysis Surgical neck Acromion Acromioclavicular joint Coracoid process

7 8 9 10 11

Humeral head Clavicle Suprascapular notch Spine of the scapula Superior angle of the scapula


101

102

Upper Extremities


Axial View of the Shoulder

103

1 2

3

5 6 8 10 11 13

4 7 9 12 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Lesser tubercle of the humerus Humeral head Coracoid process Clavicle Bicipital groove Greater tubercle of the humerus Glenoid fossa

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Acromioclavicular joint Glenohumeral joint Acromion Superior angle of the scapula Neck of the scapula Humerus Scapula


104

Upper Extremities


Tangential View of the Shoulder

105

1 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 2 3 4 5

Greater tubercle of the humerus Bicipital groove Acromion Lesser tubercle of the humerus Acromioclavicular joint

6 7 8 9

Crest of the greater tubercle Humeral head Clavicle Coracoid process


106

Upper Extremities


Transthoracic View of the Shoulder

107

1 2

3

4 5 7 8 9

6 10

11

12

1 2 3 4 5 6

Clavicle Acromioclavicular joint Acromion Coracoid process Humeral head Glenoid fossa

7 8 9 10 11 12

Greater tubercle of the humerus Lesser tubercle of the humerus Bicipital groove Scapula Surgical neck Humerus


108

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Upper Arm

1 Clavicle 2 Lateral process (neck) of the scapula 3 Acromion 4 Greater tubercle of the humerus 5 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 6 Humeral head 7 Anatomical neck 8 Bicipital groove 9 Surgical neck 10 Humerus 11 Deltoid tuberosity 12 Lateral epicondyle 13 Olecranon fossa 14 Olecranon 15 Medial epicondyle 16 Trochlea 17 Radial head 18 Radius 19 Ulna


109

110

Upper Extremities


Lateral View of the Upper Arm

A B C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Proximal third of the humerus Medial third of the humerus Distal third of the humerus Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Clavicle Lesser tubercle of the humerus Acromioclavicular joint Humeral head Acromion Cortex

111

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Humeral shaft Coronoid fossa Radial head Olecranon fossa Radius Trochlea Capitellum Ulna Olecranon Coronoid process


112

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Elbow

113

1

2

3 5

4 6 7 9

8 10 12 13

11 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

16

15

17

18

Humerus Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle of the humerus Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Apex of the medial epicondyle of the humerus Olecranon Lateral margin of the trochlea Medial margin of the trochlea Capitellum

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Trochlea Humeroradial joint Humeroulnar joint Coronoid process Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Radial neck Radius Ulna


114

Upper Extremities


Lateral View of the Elbow

115

1

2 3 4 5

6 7 8

9

10 11 12

13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Humerus Coronoid fossa Coronoid process Radial head Radial tuberosity Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle

8 9 10 11 12 13

Lateral epicondyle Radius Humeroulnar joint Olecranon Humeroradial joint Ulna


116

Upper Extremities


Axial View of the Elbow

1 2 3 4 5

Olecranon Cubital tunnel Capitellum Trochlea Medial epicondyle

117

6 7 8 9 10

Lateral epicondyle Radial head Humerus Ulna Radius


118

Upper Extremities


Oblique View of the Radius

119

1

3

2 5

4

7

6 8

9

10

11

12

13 14

15

16

2

4 6

7

8

9

10

11 13

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Humerus Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle Olecranon Lateral epicondyle Trochlea Capitellum Humeroulnar joint

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Humeroradial joint Coronoid process Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Radial neck Radial tuberosity Ulna Radius


120

Upper Extremities

A Carpal bones B Distal third of the forearm C Middle third of the forearm D Proximal third of the forearm 1 Pisiform bone 2 Scaphoid 3 Triquetrum 4 Lunate bone 1−4 Proximal carpal row 5 Radial styloid 6 Ulnar styloid 7 Radiocarpal joint 8 Distal radioulnar joint 9 Radius 10 Interosseous membrane 11 Ulna 12 Radial tuberosity 13 Proximal radioulnar joint 14 Radial neck 15 Coronoid process 16 Radial head 17 Humeroulnar joint 18 Humeroradial joint 19 Trochlea 20 Capitellum 21 Olecranon 22 Lateral epicondyle of the humerus 23 Medial epicondyle of the humerus 24 Olecranon fossa 25 Humerus


Anterior-Posterior View of the Forearm

121

1 3 4 6 8

2

A

5 7

B

9 10 C 11

12 13 15 17 19 21 23

14 16 18 20 22

24

25


D

122

Upper Extremities

A Carpal bones B Distal third of the forearm C Middle third of the forearm D Proximal third of the forearm 1 Triquetrum 2 Scapoid 3 Pisiform bone 4 Lunate bone 1−4 Proximal carpal row 5 Radiocarpal joint 6 Ulnar styloid 7 Ulna 8 Radius 9 Interosseous membrane 10 Radial neck 11 Radial head 12 Coronoid process 13 Coronoid fossa 14 Trochlea of the humerus 15 Humerus 16 Olecranon 17 Olecranon fossa


Lateral View of the Forearm

1 3 5

123

2

A

4

6

B

7 C 8

9

10

D

11

12

13

14

15 17

16


124

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Hand

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Distal phalanx (tuft) Distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Proximal interphalangeal joint Middle phalanx Head of the proximal phalanx Proximal phalanx Metacarpophalangeal joint Base of the proximal phalanx Metacarpal head Sesamoid Metacarpal Metacarpal base

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

125

Capitate Trapezoid Hamate Trapezium Triquetrum Scaphoid Pisiform Radial styloid Ulnar styloid Lunate Distal radius Distal radioulnar joint Distal ulna


126

Upper Extremities


Oblique View of the Hand

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Distal interphalangeal joint Head of the proximal phalanx Proximal interphalangeal joint Proximal phalanx Base of the proximal phalanx Metacarpophalangeal joint Metacarpal Metacarpal head Sesamoid Metacarpal base

127

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Capitate and hamate Trapezoid Triquetrum Trapezium Lunate Scaphoid Ulnar styloid Radial styloid Distal ulna Distal radius


128

Upper Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Wrist

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Proximal phalanx Fifth metacarpal Carpometacarpal joint Trapezoid Trapezium Capitate Hook of the Hamate Hamate Triquetrum

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

129

Pisiform Scaphoid Lunate Radial styloid Radiocarpal joint Ulnar styloid Radioulnar joint Radius Ulna


130

Upper Extremities


Lateral View of the Wrist

1 2 3 4 5 6

Proximal phalanx Metacarpals Trapezoid Hook of the Hamate Trapezium Capitate

131

7 8 9 10 11 12

Scaphoid Triquetrum Pisiform Lunate Radial styloid Ulnar styloid


132

Upper Extremities


Carpal Tunnel

1 2 3 4 5

Pisiform Trapezium Hook of the hamate Triquetrum Scaphoid

133

6 7 8 9

Lunate Capitate Trapezoid Hamate


134

Upper Extremities


Scaphoid Views

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Metacarpal Hamate Trapezoid Capitate Trapezium Scaphoid Triquetrum

135

8 9 10 11 12 13

Lunate Pisiform Radial styloid Ulnar styloid Radius Ulna


136

Upper Extremities


Special View of the Pisiform

1 2 3 4 5 6

Metacarpals Hamate Trapezoid Scaphoid Pisiform Trapezium

137

7 8 9 10 11

Triquetrum Capitate Lunate Radius Ulnar styloid


138

Upper Extremities


Finger in Two Planes

1 2 3 4 5

Distal phalanx (tuft) Distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Middle phalanx Proximal interphalangeal joint

139

6 7 8 9 10

Head of the proximal phalanx Proximal phalanx Base of the proximal phalanx Metacarpophalangeal joint Metacarpal


140

Lower Extremities

A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Proximal third of the femur Middle third of the femur Distal third of the femur Proximal third of the lower leg Medial third of the lower leg Distal third of the lower leg Joint space of the hip Pubic bone Femoral head Greater trochanter Obturator foramen Ischium Ischial tuberosity Femur Patella Medial and lateral femoral condyles Joint space of the knee Intercondylar eminence Medial and lateral tibial condyles Tibia Fibula Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Trochlea of the talus Ankle


Full-length Anterior-Posterior Weight-bearing View of the Leg

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141

142

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Hip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Sacroiliac joint Anterior superior iliac spine Sacrum Anterior inferior iliac spine Intergluteal fat stripe Roof of the acetabulum Acetabular convexity (promontory) Fat stripe medial to the gluteus minimus Spine of the ischium Anterior acetabular rim Floor of the acetabulum Posterior acetabular rim Fovea of the femoral head Femoral head

143

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Ilioischial line Köhler’s teardrop figure Greater trochanter Terminal line Femoral neck Superior pubic ramus Intertrochanteric crest Obturator foramen Fat stripe medial to the iliopsoas Ischial tuberosity Lesser trochanter Femur Ischium (posterior column) Pubic bone, anterior column (anterior column)


144

Lower Extremities


Lauenstein View of the Hip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Anterior superior iliac spine Sacroiliac joint Anterior inferior iliac spine Superior acetabular rim Posterior acetabular rim Floor of the acetabulum Spine of the ischium Anterior acetabular rim Greater trochanter Pubic bone (anterior column) Ischium (posterior column)

145

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Superior pubic ramus Lesser trochanter Femoral neck Obturator foramen Femoral head Inferior pubic ramus Ischial tuberosity Pubic bone Ischium


146

Lower Extremities


Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider I)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Sacroiliac joint Ilium Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Roof of the acetabulum Superior acetabular rim Spine of the ischium Anterior articular surface of the femoral head 9 Anterior acetabular rim

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Pubic bone (anterior column) Posterior acetabular rim Ischium Femoral neck Obturator foramen Greater trochanter Ischial tuberosity Intertrochanteric crest Lesser trochanter


147

148

Lower Extremities


Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider II)

1 2 3 4 5

Sacroiliac joint Iliac bone Spine of the ischium Roof of the acetabulum Posterior articular surface of the femoral head 6 Anterior superior iliac spine 7 Floor of the acetabulum

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Anterior acetabular rim Greater trochanter Femoral neck Ischium Pubic bone Intertrochanteric crest Lesser trochanter


149

150

Lower Extremities


Axial View of the Hip

151

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Anterior inferior iliac spine Femoral head Femoral neck Anterior acetabular rim Posterior acetabular rim

6 7 8 9 10

Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Ischial tuberosity Pubic bone Obturator foramen


152

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Thigh

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Femoral shaft Cortex Medullary canal Medial femoral epicondyle Lateral femoral epicondyle Lateral femoral condyle Medial femoral condyle Patella

9 Lateral tubercle of the intercondylar eminence 10 Medial tubercle of the intercondylar eminence 11 Lateral tibial condyle 12 Medial tibial condyle 13 Growth plate 14 Fibular head


153

154

Lower Extremities


Lateral View of the Thigh

155

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A B C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Distal third of the femur Middle third of the femur Proximal third of the femur Femur Cortex Popliteal fossa Lateral femoral condyle Intercondylar fossa Intercondylar eminence Patellofemoral joint Apex of the fibular head Patella Fibular head

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11 Medial femoral condyle a Opposite the lateral tibial condyle, which articulates with the fibula. b Regardless of the lateral position, the corresponding lateral articular surfaces of the patella and femur are longer proximal to distal than the corresponding medial articular surfaces. 12 Tibiofibular joint 13 Fibula 14 Tibia


156

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Knee

157

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Femur Patella Lateral femoral epicondyle Medial femoral epicondyle Growth plate Lateral femoral condyle Medial femoral condyle Lateral tibial condyle

9 Medial tibial condyle 10 Medial and lateral tubercles of the intercondylar eminence 11 Epiphyseal plate 12 Fibular head 13 Tibia 14 Fibula 15 Cortex


158

Lower Extremities


Lateral View of the Knee

1 2 3 4 5 6

Femur Patella Posterior fat Patellar ligament Infrapatellar fat pad Lateral femoral condyle

159

7 8 9 10 11 12

Tibial plateau Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Fibular head Fibular neck Tibia


160

Lower Extremities


Frik Tunnel View of the Knee

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Femur Patella Medial femoral epicondyle Lateral femoral epicondyle Intercondylar fossa Lateral femoral condyle Medial femoral condyle Lateral tubercle of the intercondylar eminence

161

9 Medial tubercle of the intercondylar eminence 10 Lateral tibial plateau 11 Medial tibial plateau 12 Tibial tuberosity 13 Growth plate 14 Fibular head 15 Fibular neck 16 Tibia 17 Interosseous membrane


162

Lower Extremities

Most common forms of multipartite patella (as described by Schaer).

Wiberg’s classification of patellar shapes (right knee)


Thirty, Sixty, and Ninety-degree Views of the Patella

1 Patella 2 Patellofemoral joint 3 Articular surface

4 Lateral femoral condyle (generally larger) 5 Medial femoral condyle 6 Intercondylar fossa


163

164

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Lower Leg

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1 Medial femoral condyle 2 Lateral femoral condyle 3 Medial and lateral tubercles of the intercondylar eminence 4 Medial tibial condyle 5 Lateral tibial condyle 6 Tibial tuberosity 7 Fibular head 8 Fibular neck

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Interosseous membrane Fibula Tibia Cortex Medullary canal Growth plate Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Talus


166

Lower Extremities


Lateral View of the Lower Leg

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A B C 1 2 3 4 5

Proximal third of the lower leg Middle third of the lower leg Distal third of the lower leg Medial and lateral femoral condyles Knee Intercondylar eminence Medial and lateral tibial condyles Fibular head

6 Proximal tibial apophysis (in children) 7 Tibia 8 Fibula 9 Cortex 10 Medullary canal 11 Medial malleus 12 Lateral malleus 13 Talus


168

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Ankle

169

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1 2 3 4 5 6

Tibia Fibula Growth plate Fibular notch Ankle Medial malleolus

7 8 9 10 11

Lateral malleolus Trochlea of the talus Subtalar joint Calcaneus Navicular


170

Lower Extremities


Lateral View of the Ankle

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Fibula Tibia Achilles tendon Growth plate Ankle Trochlea of the talus Medial malleolus Talus Lateral malleolus Neck of the talus Head of the talus

171

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Talonavicular joint Posterior process of the talus Sinus tarsi Navicular Lateral process of the talus Calcaneus Medial cuneiform Posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus 20 Cuboid 21 Base of the fifth metatarsal


172

Lower Extremities

1 Distal phalanx (tuft) 2 Distal phalanx of the great toe 3 Distal interphalangeal joint of the great toe 4 Distal interphalangeal joint 5 Proximal interphalangeal joint 6 Distal phalanx 7 Middle phalanx 8 Head of the proximal phalanx 9 Proximal phalanx 10 Sesamoid 11 Base of the phalanx 12 Metatarsophalangeal joint 13 Metatarsal 14 Metatarsal head 15 Medial cuneiform 16 Middle cuneiform 17 Lateral cuneiform 18 Base of the fifth metatarsal 19 Navicular 20 Head of the talus 21 Cuboid 22 Medial malleolus 23 Lateral malleolus 24 Calcaneus 25 Tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc’s joints) 26 Transverse tarsal joint (Chopart’s joint)


Anterior-Posterior View of the Foot

173

Common sesamoids and accessory bones in the foot. 27 28 29 30 31 32

Os intermetatarseum Os vesalianum Os peroneum Secondary cuboid Os tibiale externum Os supratalare

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174

Lower Extremities


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Metatarsophalangeal joint Tarsometatarsal joint Medial cuneiform Middle cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuneonavicular joint Navicular Talocalcaneonavicular joint Tibia Ankle Fibula Talus Posterior process of the talus Distal phalanx Middle phalanx Proximal phalanx Sesamoid Metatarsal Base of fifth metatarsal Cuboid Calcaneocuboid joint Calcaneus Posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus

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Lateral View of the Foot


175

176

Lower Extremities


Lateral View of the Calcaneus

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Talus Lateral malleolus Lateral process of the talus Os trigonum Subtalar joint Posterior process of the talus Sinus tarsi Sustentaculum tali

177

9 10 11 12 13 14

Navicular Achilles tendon Calcaneus Cuboid Base of fifth metatarsal Posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus 15 Plantar aponeurosis


178

Lower Extremities


Tangential View of the Calcaneus

1 Lateral malleolus 2 Talus 3 Groove for the peroneus longus tendon 4 Sustentaculum tali 5 Peroneal trochlea

179

6 Lateral process of the posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus 7 Medial process of the posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus 8 Posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus


180

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Metatarsals

1 2 3 4 5 6

Metatarsal Middle cuneiform Medial cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Base of the fifth metatarsal Navicular

7 8 9 10 11

Cuboid Head of the talus Calcaneus Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus


181

182

Lower Extremities


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Metatarsals Tarsometatarsal joint Medial cuneiform Middle cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuneonavicular joint Navicular Talocalcaneonavicular joint Talus Malleolus Base of the fifth metatarsal Cuboid Sinus tarsi Calcaneus Subtalar joint (and talocalcaneonavicular joint)

Oblique View of the Metatarsals


183

184

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior View of the Forefoot

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185

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Distal phalanx Middle phalanx Proximal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Proximal interphalangeal joint Metatarsophalangeal joint Sesamoids Metatarsals Medial cuneiform

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Middle cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Intertarsal joint Metatarsophalangeal joint Base of the fifth metatarsal Cuboid Navicular Talocalcaneonavicular joint Calcaneocuboid joint


186

Lower Extremities


Oblique View of the Forefoot

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Distal phalanx Middle phalanx Proximal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Proximal interphalangeal joint Metatarsophalangeal joint Sesamoids Metatarsals Tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc’s joint) 10 Medial cuneiform

187

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Middle cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Intertarsal joint Base of the fifth metatarsal Navicular Cuboid Talocalcaneonavicular joint Transverse tarsal joint (Chopart’s joint between the talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid)


188

Lower Extremities


Anterior-Posterior and Lateral Views of the Great Toe

1 Distal phalanx (tuft) 2 Distal phalanx 3 Interphalangeal joint of the great toe 4 Distal interphalangeal joint 5 Middle phalanx 6 Proximal interphalangeal joint

7 8 9 10 11

Proximal phalanx Metatarsophalangeal joint Sesamoids First metatarsal Tarsometatarsal joint


189

190


191

Anatomy of Miscellaneous Plain Films


192

Routine Radiographs


Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Trachea Clavicle Apex of the lung Curve of the apex of the lung Posterior border between the right and left lungs Right paratracheal stripe Carina of the trachea Right main bronchus Left main bronchus Intermediate bronchus

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

193

Paraaortic stripe Descending aorta Azygoesophageal stripe Paraspinal stripe Shadow of the breast Diaphragm Gastric bubble Insertions of the diaphragm Costodiaphragmatic recess (costophrenic angle)


194

Routine Radiographs


Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph (Heart and Major Vessels)

1 Contour of the right brachiocephalic vein 2 Contour of the subclavian artery 3 Subclavian and aortic arches 4 Aortic arch 5 Azygos vein 6 Superior vena cava 7 Main pulmonary artery 8 Right pulmonary artery 9 Left pulmonary artery 10 Intermediate part of the right pulmonary artery

11 Inferior lobar branch of the pulmonary artery 12 Pulmonary valve 13 Left atrium 14 Aortic valve 15 Venous confluence 16 Mitral valve 17 Right atrium 18 Tricuspid valve 19 Left ventricle 20 Inferior vena cava 21 Right ventricle


195

196

Routine Radiographs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Soft tissues of the shoulder Trachea Scapula Sternal angle Aortic arch Body of the sternum Aortopulmonary window Ascending aorta Right upper lobe bronchus

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Retrosternal space Left upper lobe bronchus Main pulmonary artery Descending aorta Pulmonary valve Pulmonary veins Aortic valve Lower lobe bronchus Left atrium


Lateral Chest

19 20 21 22 23 24

Right ventricle Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary veins Left ventricle Retrocardiac space

197

25 Inferior vena cava 26 Gastric bubble 27 Left hemidiaphragm (tangent to the gastric bubble and ending in the shadow of the heart) 28 Right hemidiaphragm


198

Routine Radiographs

Upper Lobe

1 2 3 4 5 6

Upper region of the lung Perihilar region Middle region of the lung Chest wall Pericardial region Lower region of the lung

Middle Lobe

7 8 9 10 11

Lower Lobe

Supradiaphragmatic region Superior anterior mediastinum Inferior anterior mediastinum Posterior mediastinum Middle mediastinum (fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae)


Segments of the Lung

199

!" #$%&'()*+$,*-)./%0/1')23)'&/)4++/5)-26/ 7/3'()*+$,*-)+2.'/5$25)./%0/1')23)'&/ 4++/5)-26/

8" #$%&'()+2.'/5$25)./%0/1')23)'&/)4++/5)-26/ 7/3'()*+$,*-)+2.'/5$25)./%0/1')23)'&/)4++/5 -26/

9" #$%&')*1:)-/3'( *1'/5$25)./%0/1')23)'&/)4++/5)-26/

9*")#$%&')*1:)-/3'( *;$--*5

Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy 2nd Edition (Thieme Flexibook)

Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy

Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy