OECD in Figures 2006-2007 Edition
OECD in Figures 2006-2007 Contents Demography and health Demography Health spending and resources Health status Economy Gross domestic product Economic growth and performance Sectoral contributions to gross value added Agriculture Business statistics Services: value added Transport Energy Energy: supply Energy: production Energy consumption and electricity generation Labour Employment Part-time and self-employment Unemployment Services: employment Science and technology Research and development (I) Research and development (II) Patents and Trade in technology Environment Environment: resources Environment: emissions and pollution CO2 emissions Education Education: expenditure Education: performance Public finance Agriculture: support estimates Government sector Taxation Development aid International trade and investment Direct investment Trade, 2004 Trade in services
6 6 8 10 12 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 26 28 30 32 32 34 36 38 40 40 42 44 46 46 48 50 52 52 54 56 56 58 60 62 64 64 66 68
Prices and finance Prices and interest rates Domestic and foreign finance Euro area
70 70 72 74
OECD in graphs GDP growth GDP per capita Forecasting with leading indicators Foreign talent Older workers Youth unemployment Youth and traffic fatalities Healthcare spending Water aid Broadband expansion Emissions rise Uranium and oil prices Pension funds
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
General notes Glossary
89 90
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© OECD 2006
4
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.
The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries.
Also available in French under the title: L'OCDE en chiffres 2006
OECD in Figures 2006-2007 Edition
Demography and health Economy Energy Labour Science and technology Environment Education Public finance International trade and investment Prices and finance
6
Demography and health > Demography Foreign population
Age structure* Population*
Total area
As a % of total population As a % of total population
Thousand km²
thousands
growth rate, 2005/2004
per km²
2005
1960
2005
65 and over 2005
1960
1960
2004
1994
2005
1960
7 687
20 329
18 072
1.2
3
19.6
30.2
67.3
61.3
13.1
8.5
23.6
23.0
Austria
84
8 233
8 047
0.7
98
16.0
22.0
67.7
65.8
16.3
12.2
9.5
8.5
Austria
Belgium
31
10 438
10 137
0.3
342
17.4
23.5
65.7
64.5
16.9
12.0
8.4
9.0
Belgium
Australia*
Canada* Czech Republic Denmark
2005
15-64
Under 15
9 976
32 271
29 302
0.9
3
17.6
33.7
69.3
58.7
13.1
7.6
16.6
18.0
79
10 221
10 331
0.1
130
14.9
25.4
71.0
64.9
14.0
9.6
2.5
1.5
Australia*
Canada* Czech Republic
43
5 416
5 233
0.3
126
18.8
25.2
66.1
64.2
15.1
10.6
4.9
4.2
Denmark
Finland
338
5 246
5 108
0.3
16
17.4
30.4
66.7
62.3
15.9
7.3
2.1
1.3
Finland
France
549
60 873
57 844
0.6
111
18.4
26.4
65.1
62.0
16.4
11.6
5.6
Germany
357
82 466
81 661
0.0
231
13.9
21.3
66.9
67.8
19.2
10.8
8.9
Greece
132
11 099
10 634
0.4
84
14.4
26.1
67.4
65.8
18.3
8.1
7.0
93
10 087
10 329
- 0.2
108
15.5
25.3
68.8
65.6
15.7
9.0
1.4
Hungary
-5
6.3 8.8
-3
.. 1.4
-5
France Germany Greece Hungary
Iceland
103
296
267
1.1
3
22.1
34.8
66.2
57.1
11.7
8.1
..
..
Iceland
Ireland
70
4 131
3 601
2.1
59
20.7
30.5
68.2
58.6
11.2
10.9
5.5
2.7
Ireland
Italy*
301
58 135
56 745
1.0
193
14.2
23.4
66.5
67.6
19.3
9.0
3.8
Japan
378
127 757
125 570
0.1
338
13.7
30.2
66.2
64.1
20.0
5.7
1.5
Korea
100
48 294
45 093
0.4
485
19.1
42.3
71.8
54.8
9.1
2.9
0.9
3
455
413
0.4
175
18.7
21.4
67.0
67.9
14.3
10.8
39.0
Luxembourg Mexico* Netherlands
1 996
105 300
91 234
1.3
53
31.2
..
62.8
..
5.9
..
0.5
41
16 320
15 459
0.3
400
18.5
30.0
67.5
61.0
14.0
9.0
4.3
-1
1.7
Italy*
1.1
Japan
0.2
Korea
33.4 -4
Luxembourg
0.4
Mexico*
4.7
Netherlands
New Zealand
269
4 099
3 673
0.9
15
21.5
32.9
66.4
58.5
12.1
8.7
18.8
16.2
Norway
324
4 623
4 359
0.7
14
19.6
25.9
65.6
63.2
14.7
10.9
4.6
3.8
Poland
313
38 161
38 588
0.0
122
16.5
33.5
70.3
60.8
13.2
5.8
0.1
92
10 563
9 847
0.5
114
15.6
..
67.4
..
17.0
..
4.3
Portugal Slovak Republic
-2
+1
New Zealand Norway
..
Poland
1.7
Portugal
49
5 387
5 364
0.1
110
16.8
31.6
71.5
61.5
11.7
6.9
0.4
0.4
Slovak Republic
Spain
505
43 398
39 388
1.7
86
14.5
27.3
68.8
64.5
16.7
8.2
4.6
1.3
Spain
Sweden
450
9 030
8 827
0.4
20
17.4
22.4
65.3
65.9
17.3
11.8
5.1
41
7 438
7 041
0.6
180
15.6
23.2
68.1
66.1
16.4
10.7
20.2
Switzerland
5.2
2.0
Turkey
781
72 064
61 765
1.3
92
28.4
41.2
65.7
55.1
5.9
3.7
1.9
United Kingdom
245
59 989
58 025
0.3
245
17.9
23.3
66.0
64.9
16.1
11.7
4.9
3.4
United States* G7 EU-15 OECD total
Sweden
18.9 -5
9 376
296 410
266 278
0.9
32
20.5
31.0
67.1
59.7
12.4
9.2
12.8
9.3
21 182
717 902
675 425
0.6
34
17.5
27.9
66.7
63.0
15.8
9.0
..
..
Switzerland -5
Turkey United Kingdom United States* G7
3 240
385 792
370 969
0.6
119
16.0
23.6
66.6
63.2
17.4
10.1
..
..
EU-15
34 804
1 168 530
1 088 235
0.7
34
19.3
28.6
66.8
61.6
13.9
8.5
..
..
OECD total
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/131503523381
Sources: Labour Force Statistics: 1985-2005, OECD, Paris, 2006; International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI, 2006 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2006.
7
8
Demography and health > Health spending and resources Total expenditure % of GDP 2004
Average Public expenditure annual % of total expenditure growth rate 1995
1999-2004
Health expenditure
Pharmaceutical expenditure
Acute care beds*
Practising physicians*
MRI scanner units*
Per capita USD PPP
% of total expenditure
per 1 000 population
per 1 000 population
per million population
2004
1995
2004
1 741
14.2
2 229
13.0
1 828
11.3
1995
2004
8.0
67.5
9.7
70.7
8.2
71.1
9.9
9.2
69.8
71.4
4.0
3 165
2 055
17.7
7.3
7.0
89.2
90.9
5.2
1 361
902
22.0
-1
-1
Austria
9.6
Belgium
10.1
Canada Czech Republic Denmark
8.9
8.1
82.9
Finland
7.5
7.4
76.6
France
10.5
Germany
10.9
Greece
10.0
9.6
52.8
52.0
4.9
2 162
1 250
17.4
Hungary
8.3
7.4
72.5
..
7.3
1 323
685
27.6
Iceland
10.2
8.4
83.4
83.9
4.2
3 331
1 854
14.8
Ireland
7.1
6.7
79.5
71.6
7.4
2 596
1 216
12.4
Italy
8.4
7.1
76.4
71.9
3.3
Japan
8.0
6.8
81.5
83.0
2.7
Korea
5.6
4.2
51.4
35.3
8.2
Luxembourg
8.0
5.6
90.4
92.4
Mexico
6.5
5.6
46.4
42.1
-1
-1
9.4
78.4
10.3
78.2
-1
-2
-1
-1
4.3
69.3
1.7
..
5.9
2 876
-1
9.2
-1
66.7
-1
Australia
3 124 -1
3 044
-1
1995
2004
11.2
3.6
9.2
6.5
7.8
-1
16.8
4.8
5.4
13.8
3.0
-2
25.1
6.4
-2
2004
1990 -1
-1
-1
4.8
-1
+2
1990
2004
1995
2.2
3.7
2.9
3.5
2.2
14.9
7.4
4.0
3.3
6.8
2.6
2.1
2.1
4.9
1.4
Canada
2.7
2.8
1.0
Czech Republic
2.2
2 881
1 844
9.4
9.1
3.3
4.1
3.0
2 235
1 430
16.3
14.1
3.0
4.3
2.4
76.3
4.4
80.5
1.9
-1
2 028
18.9
2 271
14.6
1 534
21.4
1 541
18.9
1 149
540
27.4
10.1
5 089
2 033
8.5
4.1
662
388
20.9
2 392 -1
2 249
-1
Netherlands
9.2
8.1
62.3
71.0
3.6
3 041
1 822
11.5
New Zealand
8.4
7.2
77.4
77.2
4.4
2 083
1 246
..
Austria Belgium
3.5
4.4
3 159
3.3
4.0
82.5
3 005
-1
Australia +1
8.5
75.6
-1
-1
-1
2.5
10.2
..
2.0
14.0
4.3
3.2
2.1
France
6.6
2.3
Germany
17.6
3.8
5.2
-1
12.7
6.4
8.3
15.7
3.8
..
4.9
3.4
2.3
-2
25.0
5.9
7.1
3.3
2.8
2.6
1.0
13.4
..
4.3
3.6
2.8
17.1
7.5
Iceland
10.4
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.0
+2
..
..
Ireland
+3
10.2
-1
-2
21.1
3.7
22.3
8.4
31.4
5.9
12.0
5.7
..
1.0
11.0
2.8
14.8
..
-2
-1
6.2 12.3
-1
+1
+3
2.7 6.7 1.2
-1
+3
3.4
3.1
3.4
2.8
Denmark Finland
+1
-2
1.9
2.6
-1 +1
3.8 1.7
35.3
1.6
0.8
11.0
3.9
2.8
2.0
11.1
2.4
1.6
1.0
1.7
..
3.8
3.6
..
2.2
-1
2.5
..
1.9
3.7
2.7
Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico
3.9 -1
Greece Hungary
18.8
4.2 2.0
-2
+2
Netherlands +1
New Zealand
Norway
9.7
7.9
83.5
84.2
2.3
3 966
1 893
9.5
9.0
3.1
Poland
6.5
5.6
68.6
72.9
5.5
805
423
29.6
..
5.1
10.0
8.2
71.9
62.6
3.2
1 813
1 096
23.2
23.6
3.0
..
5.9
Portugal
-1
5.8
+2
88.3
-1
91.7
+2
4.2
-1
777
-1
546
+2
38.5
-1
3.8
3.5
6.3
2.5
3.4 -1 -1
-1
..
3.4
2.8
3.9
-1
2.8
..
3.1
..
2.0
-1
..
Spain
8.1
7.4
70.9
72.2
4.2
2 094
1 193
22.8
19.2
2.8
3.6
3.4
9.1
8.1
84.9
86.6
3.9
2 825
1 734
12.3
12.3
2.2
4.1
3.3
11.6
9.7
58.4
53.8
2.8
4 077
2 573
10.4
10.0
3.8
6.5
3.8
Turkey
7.7
3.4
72.1
70.3
6.3
580
187
..
31.6
2.4
2.0
1.4
United Kingdom
8.3
7.0
85.5
83.9
5.4
2 546
1 385
..
15.3
3.6
..
15.3
13.3
44.7
45.3
4.8
6 102
3 670
12.3
8.9
2.8
3.7
United States
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
.. -1
Sweden
*
.. 1.0
5.9
-1
+1
2.1
Slovak Republic
Switzerland
2.6 -1
Norway Poland +2
Portugal Slovak Republic
..
7.7
2.7
2.9
..
6.8
3.0
14.3
12.4
+2
0.9
3.0
0.6
+1
2.3
1.6
5.0
..
United Kingdom
2.4
2.1
..
..
United States
-1
-1
+3
Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/427077022807 Sources: OECD Health Data 2006, OECD, Paris, June 2006.
9
10
Demography and health > Health status Life expectancy at birth
Fertility rate
Number of years*
Children per woman 15-49 2004
2004 Women
1995
Men
Total
Women
Men
Total
Infant mortality
Tobacco consumption
Alcohol consumption
per 1 000 live births*
% of population smoking daily
litres per population aged 15+*
2004
1995
2004
-1
9.8
-1
10.5
Australia
..
11.1
-1
12.6
Austria
32.0
10.7
-1
12.1
Belgium
28.2
7.9
-1
7.4
Canada
83.0
78.1
80.6
80.8
75.0
77.9
1.77
4.7
5.7
17.7
28.6
Austria
82.1
76.4
79.3
79.9
73.3
76.6
1.42
4.5
5.4
..
Belgium
81.7
-1
75.9
-1
78.8
-1
80.7
73.9
77.3
1.64
4.3
5.9
27.0
Canada
82.4
-1
77.4
-1
79.9
-1
81.1
75.1
78.1
1.53
5.3
6.0
15.0
Czech Republic
79.0
72.6
75.8
76.6
69.7
73.2
1.22
3.7
7.7
24.1
Denmark
79.9
75.2
77.6
77.8
72.7
75.3
1.78
4.4
5.1
26.0
44.5
Finland
82.3
75.3
78.8
80.2
72.8
76.5
1.80
3.3
3.9
23.0
25.9
9.9
France
83.8
76.7
80.3
81.8
73.9
77.9
1.91
3.9
4.9
23.0
30.0
14.0
Germany
81.4
75.7
78.6
79.7
73.3
76.5
1.36
4.1
5.3
24.3
Greece
81.4
76.6
79.0
80.3
75.0
77.7
1.29
4.1
8.1
38.6
Hungary
76.9
68.6
72.8
74.5
65.3
69.9
1.28
6.6
10.7
30.4
Iceland
82.7
79.2
81.0
80.0
75.9
78.0
2.04
2.8
6.0
20.2
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
1990
2004
1990
Australia
26.1
31.2
+3
-1
11.5
11.3
Czech Republic
11.4
11.7
Denmark
9.5 -1
10.1 -2
10.7
-1
13.9
Hungary
30.3
6.7
5.2
Iceland
80.7
-1
75.8
-1
78.3
-1
78.4
72.9
75.7
1.93
4.9
6.4
27.0
-2
30.0
13.6
-1
76.8
-1
79.7
-1
81.3
74.9
78.1
1.33
4.1
6.2
24.2
-1
27.8
8.0
-1
82.9
76.4
79.6
1.29
2.8
7.6
-1
77.4
-1
77.4
69.6
73.5
1.16
5.3
78.0
-1
85.6 -1
Luxembourg
81.0
-1
80.2
73.0
76.6
1.69
3.9
5.6
27.0
Mexico
77.6
72.7
75.2
75.3
70.0
72.7
2.20
19.7
27.6
26.4
Netherlands
81.4
76.9
79.2
80.4
74.6
77.5
1.73
4.1
5.5
30.0
78.6
82.1
73.9
-1
75.0
-1
4.3 -2
7.7
+1
Greece
9.2 13.2
82.5
80.8
Germany
..
Italy
Korea
France
13.8
38.5
Ireland
Japan
Finland
16.0
11.2
Ireland
10.9
Italy
8.0
Japan
9.1
Korea
29.4
37.4
..
34.6
-1
8.3
33.0
+2
15.5
-1
14.7
25.8
-2
4.6
-1
4.9
Mexico
9.7
-1
9.9
Netherlands
-2
37.0
Luxembourg
-2
New Zealand
81.3
77.0
79.2
79.7
74.4
77.1
2.01
6.2
6.7
22.0
28.0
9.2
10.1
Norway
82.3
77.5
79.9
80.8
74.8
77.8
1.83
3.2
4.0
26.0
35.0
6.2
5.0
Norway Poland
Poland
79.2
Portugal
80.5
Slovak Republic
77.8
70.7 -1
74.2
75.0 -1
70.3
77.4
-1
74.1
76.4
67.6
72.0
1.23
6.8
13.6
..
41.5
+2
8.1
-1
8.3
78.7
71.6
75.2
1.40
4.0
7.5
..
19.0
-3
11.4
-1
16.3
Portugal
76.3
68.4
72.4
1.24
6.8
11.0
24.3
-2
13.4
Slovak Republic
-1
Spain
83.8
77.2
80.5
81.5
74.3
77.9
1.32
3.5
5.5
28.1
Sweden
82.7
78.4
80.6
81.4
76.2
78.8
1.75
3.1
4.1
16.2
Switzerland
83.7
Turkey
73.6
78.6
United Kingdom
80.7
United States
80.1
-1
76.2 74.8
-1
35.9
9.4 -1
25.8
11.7
81.7
75.3
78.5
1.42
4.2
5.0
26.8
70.2
65.6
67.9
2.43
24.6
43.0
32.1
-1
78.5
79.2
74.0
76.6
1.76
5.1
6.2
25.0
30.0
11.5
77.5
-1
78.9
72.5
75.7
2.05
6.9
7.6
17.0
25.6
8.4
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
-1
-1
28.2
+2
10.7
43.6
-1
1.5
13.5 6.4
6.5
-1
71.2 -1
..
-2
81.2
68.8 -1
New Zealand
12.9 -1
-1
Spain Sweden Switzerland
1.4
Turkey
9.8
United Kingdom
9.3
United States
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/065360534501 Sources: OECD Health Data 2006, OECD, Paris, June 2006.
11
12
Economy > Gross domestic product, 2005 Total
Per capita
at current market prices
at current market prices
Using current PPPs* Billion USD
% of OECD total
Using current exchange rates, billion USD
Using current PPPs* USD
Using current exchange rates, USD
OECD = 100
Purchasing power parities
Australia
672.9
2.0
709.3
32 900
113
34 700
1.38
Austria
276.4
0.8
304.8
33 600
116
37 000
0.887
Austria
Australia
Belgium
Belgium
340.9
1.0
370.8
32 500
112
35 400
0.875
Canada
1 081.8
3.2
1 114.2
33 600
116
34 600
1.25
Canada
206.5
0.6
122.3
20 200
70
12 000
14.2
Czech Republic
Czech Republic Denmark
186.3
0.5
258.7
34 400
118
47 700
8.33
Finland
164.6
0.5
195.7
31 400
108
37 300
0.956
Finland
France
1 896.4
5.6
2 126.6
30 200
104
33 900
0.902
France
Germany
2 461.0
7.2
2 794.9
29 800
103
33 900
0.913
Germany
Greece
257.2
0.8
225.2
23 200
80
20 300
0.704
Greece
Hungary
173.3
0.5
109.2
17 200
59
10 800
126
10.6
0.0
15.8
35 800
123
53 500
94.1
Iceland Ireland
Iceland
Denmark
Hungary
161.9
0.5
201.8
39 200
135
48 900
1.00
Italy
1 666.4
4.9
1 762.5
28 500
98
30 100
0.850
Japan
3 901.6
11.5
4 558.7
30 500
105
35 700
129
Japan
Korea
1 056.3
3.1
787.6
21 900
75
16 300
764
Korea
Ireland
30.9
0.1
36.5
67 700
233
79 900
0.948
1 134.9
3.3
768.0
10 800
37
7 300
7.37
Netherlands
558.1
1.6
624.2
34 200
118
38 300
0.899
New Zealand
104.5
0.3
108.5
25 300
87
26 300
1.47
Luxembourg Mexico
Italy
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand
Norway
199.5
0.6
295.5
43 200
149
63 900
9.54
Norway
Poland
487.3
1.4
290.0
12 800
44
7 600
1.93
Poland
Portugal
209.9
0.6
183.3
19 900
68
17 400
0.702
81.0
0.2
46.4
15 000
52
8 600
17.8
1 182.6
3.5
1 124.6
27 300
94
25 900
0.765
295.1
0.9
357.7
32 700
113
39 600
9.06
Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey
Spain Sweden
271.3
0.8
367.0
36 200
125
48 900
1.68
586.7
1.7
362.6
8 100
28
5 000
0.830
Turkey
1 928.7
5.7
2 198.8
32 100
111
36 600
0.627
United Kingdom
1
United Kingdom
Portugal Slovak Republic
Switzerland *
United States
12 428.5
36.5
12 428.5
41 900
144
41 900
1.00
G7
25 364.5
74.6
26 984.1
35 200
121
37 400
..
9 206.2
27.1
9 950.8
29 400
101
31 700
0.869
EU-15
11 616.4
34.2
12 766.0
29 900
103
32 900
..
EU-15
OECD total
34 013.0
100.0
34 849.7
29 000
100
29 700
..
OECD total
Euro area
United States G7 Euro area
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/864662528136 1.
According to the 1968 System of National Accounts
..
Not available or not applicable.
Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006.
13
14
Economy > Economic growth and performance GDP growth by component
GDP growth
Volume % change 2004-2005
Average annual volume % change
1995-2005
2004-2005
2003-2004
Government final consumption expenditure
Private final consumption expenditure -1
-1
Australia
3.6
2.7
2.3
4.3
Austria
2.2
2.0
2.4
1.7
Belgium
2.1
1.2
2.6
1.1
Canada
3.3
2.9
2.9
3.4
Czech Republic
2.5
6.0
4.7
2.6
0.8
Denmark
2.1
3.1
1.9
3.8
1.3
Finland
3.5
2.1
3.6
3.4
1.5
1.7
France
2.1
1.2
2.3
2.0
1.1
3.6
Germany
1.4
1.0
1.6
0.2
0.1
Greece
3.9
3.7
4.7
3.7
Hungary
4.1
4.1
5.2
1.5
Iceland
4.3
5.5
8.2
11.9
Ireland
7.5
5.5
4.5
4.0
Italy
1.3
0.0
1.1
0.1
Japan
1.2
2.6
2.3
1.9
Korea
4.4
4.0
4.7
3.2
Luxembourg
4.7
4.0
4.2
2.3
Mexico
3.6
3.0
4.2
4.1
Netherlands
2.3
1.1
1.7
0.3
3.7
Gross fixed capital formation Housing and Total other construction
1.9 1.5 -1
2.7
-1
8.4 -1
1.0
-1
0.5 .. -1
% of GDP at current prices, 2005
% of GDP at current prices, 2005
- 2.8
-1
4.8
-1
3.7
6.8
-2
9.1
5.5
4.2
4.7
-1
9.6
2.3
5.1
6.6
Net national saving
8.2 -1
Australia Austria Belgium
9.5
-1 -1
Canada
2.1
3.7
4.7
7.9
Denmark
4.9
3.6
7.9
Finland
2.4
- 1.0
5.2
France
- 0.2
- 3.4
5.0
6.5
Germany
3.1
- 1.4
- 4.5
- 7.2
6.0
- 0.2
6.6
..
- 2.2
..
3.2 -1
1.9
-1
2.0
34.5 -1
1.2
4.3
- 0.4 0.5
7.9
14.0 -1
8.7
-1
- 2.1
- 0.6 -1
1.1
7.5 2.2
-1
15.4
1.9
- 4.6
-1
22.3
5.9
-1
2.5
13.1
-1
4.2
- 2.0 8.2
Greece
Iceland -1
Ireland
-1
Japan
5.2
2.5
Italy
19.1
Korea
.. -1
11.0 11.8
Czech Republic
Hungary
0.2 -1
- 0.1 -1
0.4
2.2 -1
- 13.5 -1
0.6
2.3
2.5 -1
5.0 0.3
Trade balance (goods and services)
Luxembourg -1
Mexico Netherlands
New Zealand
3.1
1.9
3.7
5.8
Norway
2.8
2.3
3.1
3.3
Poland
4.0
3.3
5.3
3.2
Portugal
2.3
0.4
1.2
2.0
Slovak Republic
4.3
6.1
5.5
3.5
Spain
3.6
3.4
3.1
4.4
Sweden
2.7
2.7
3.7
2.4
Switzerland 1
1.5
1.9
2.1
1.4
-1
5.2
-1
1.5 -1
1.4
-1
1.1
-1
1.8
5.1
2.5
-1
- 0.5
-1
- 9.0
3.3
-1
-2
- 1.8
-1
- 2.7
-1
7.3
-1
1.7
Poland Portugal -1
7.0
Slovak Republic Spain
10.8 -1
New Zealand Norway
.. - 3.8
-1
7.7 -2
3.4 24.3
- 5.2
7.7 1.8
-1
- 8.9
6.0
-1
- 1.1 17.2
- 4.7
8.5 -1
7.0 10.9
7.2
0.7 1.4
-1
- 3.0 -1
4.5
-1
7.8 10.9
Sweden
15.1
-2
Switzerland
-1
Turkey1
United States
Turkey
4.1
7.4
8.9
8.8
2.4
24.0
25.0
- 6.6
13.3
United Kingdom
2.8
1.8
3.1
1.7
2.9
3.2
2.9
- 3.9
3.6
United States
3.3
3.2
4.2
3.9
-1
2.5
-1
8.3
-1
5.7
-1
- 5.3
-1
1.2
-1
G7
2.4
2.5
3.2
2.9
-1
1.9
-1
4.8
-1
2.5
-1
- 1.6
-1
3.5
-1
Euro area
2.0
1.3
2.0
1.6
-1
1.0
-1
2.3
-1
..
2.1
-1
..
Euro area
EU-15
2.2
1.5
2.3
2.0
-1
1.3
-1
2.9
-1
..
1.4
-1
..
EU-15
OECD total
2.6
2.6
3.2
3.0
-1
2.0
-1
4.9
-1
..
- 0.9
-1
..
OECD total
United Kingdom
G7
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/263246553416 1. .. -n
According to the 1968 System of National Accounts Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006.
15
16
Economy > Sectoral contributions to gross value added1
% of value added
% of value added 2004
Services
Industry
Agriculture
Total 2004
1994
% of value added
Manufacturing 1994
2004
1994
2004
1994
Australia
3.3
3.4
27.0
28.9
12.4
15.1
69.7
67.6
Australia
Austria
1.9
3.0
29.7
30.2
20.0
19.0
68.4
66.8
Austria
70.5
Belgium
Belgium
1.0
Canada
2.2
Czech Republic
-2
3.3
1.7
24.8
2.7
30.9
4.9
-2
37.9
27.7
17.3
30.0
17.6
38.8
20.2 -2
25.9
+1
17.1 23.2
Denmark
1.9
3.2
24.1
24.6
13.6
16.9
Finland
3.1
5.1
30.2
31.0
22.1
25.0
France
2.5
3.3
21.3
24.7
13.8
..
Germany
1.1
1.2
29.1
32.9
22.7
23.1
Greece
5.7
10.3
21.3
22.9
11.1
13.1
74.2 67.0
+1
+1
+1
-2
67.3
Canada
58.8
56.1
Czech Republic
74.0
72.2
Denmark
66.7
63.9
Finland
76.3
73.1
France
69.8
65.9
Germany
73.1
66.3
Greece Hungary
Hungary
3.9
6.4
30.9
30.0
22.5
..
65.2
63.7
5
6.7
10.5
24.8
27.9
12.8
16.0
+3
68.4
61.6
Iceland
30.1
+1
60.0
55.9
Ireland
70.2
66.6
Italy
69.4
64.0
Japan
55.6
51.7
Korea
Iceland Ireland
2.5
Italy
7.9
37.5
36.2
27.0
2.5
3.3
27.3
30.1
19.0
21.7
Japan
1.6
2.1
29.0
33.9
20.2
22.4
Korea
3.8
6.7
40.7
41.6
28.6
27.2
2
Luxembourg
0.6
1.0
16.7
22.3
9.4
13.7
Mexico
3.8
5.6
26.0
26.0
17.8
18.2
Netherlands
2.1 3
New Zealand
9.1
-3
3.4
23.9
7.3
24.1
-3
26.6
14.0
26.7
16.0
-3
+2
+1
5
2
82.7
76.7
Luxembourg
70.2
68.4
Mexico
..
74.0
18.6
66.8
-3
69.7
Netherlands
66.0
New Zealand
3
-1
Norway
1.5
3.0
39.2
32.9
10.8
Poland
2.9
6.4
32.1
36.2
20.2
Portugal
3.3
6.1
25.0
27.6
15.8
Slovak Republic
3.9
6.7
32.1
38.1
21.0
Spain
3.5
28.9
16.3
Sweden
1.8
28.7
19.7
-1
30.4
18.5
-1
Switzerland Turkey
United Kingdom 5,6
United States
4.8
29.2
2.7
27.7 -1
2.0
26.4
11.5
15.4
29.0
32.9
1.0
1.7
24.3
1.3
1.9
22.0
1.2
3,4
-1
-1
59.2
64.1
Norway
22.2
12.8 +1
65.0
57.4
Poland
18.6
+1
71.7
66.3
Portugal
22.3
64.0
55.2
Slovak Republic
..
67.3
66.3
Spain
20.4
70.5
68.7
Sweden
67.6
Switzerland
-1
20.4
72.3
20.7
21.9
59.6
51.7
Turkey
30.6
14.4
20.7
74.7
67.7
United Kingdom
26.4
13.2
17.5
76.7
71.7
United States
3,4
5,6
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/836075605613 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
.. -n
According to the 1993 System of National Accounts and the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), Revision 3 (1990). Value added is estimated at basic prices and includes FISIM. Value added is estimated approximately at market prices. Value added is estimated at producer's prices. According to the 1968 System of National Accounts. Value added estimated at factor cost. For Manufacturing: contribution to GDP instead of value added. For Services: includes government enterprises. Sanitary and similar services included in industry.
Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006.
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
17
18
Economy > Agriculture Production*
Trade*
2003 Total output
Gross value added % of GDP -1
Animal
% of agricultural goods output
% of agricultural goods output
47.3
-1
52.7
Gross fixed capital formation
Intermediate consumption
Crop
-1
% of total output
Australia
2.5
Austria
1.2
50.9
Belgium
1.0
47.8
52.2
60.6
Canada
1.1
48.8
51.2
67.2
49.1
% of gross value added
..
12.5
52.9
51.6
-1
Exports, % of total
Imports, % of total
1986-88 annual average
2003
1986-88 annual average
2003
20.7
35.2
4.6
4.8
Australia
6.2
3.8
6.6
6.8
Austria
22.7
8.9
10.6
8.8
11.7
Belgium
24.4
6.5
7.8
6.0
6.0
Canada
Czech Republic
1.1
47.3
52.7
70.6
35.6
Denmark
1.6
41.5
58.5
63.2
40.3
-1
3.6
8.1
5.4
9.3
17.9
26.6
10.8
11.0
Czech Republic Denmark
Finland
- 1.0
44.4
55.6
64.9
65.8
2.5
3.9
6.1
6.4
Finland
France
2.0
60.0
40.0
52.2
30.0
11.8
16.8
8.5
11.3
France
4.4
5.3
7.6
13.0
Germany
29.9
11.0
18.3
Greece
49.1
7.5
22.9
3.6
7.0
Hungary
..
1.8
2.1
8.7
9.0
Iceland Ireland
0.7
51.0
49.0
63.4
36.1
Greece
5.4
74.4
25.6
27.9
15.7
Hungary
67.9 ..
2.5
53.2
Iceland
..
11.9
Ireland
1.9
24.4
75.6
56.4
..
8.2
26.5
8.4
12.9
Italy
2.2
65.6
34.4
33.6
34.5
7.1
6.9
9.2
16.0
Italy
Japan
1.0
0.4
0.4
9.7
14.5
Japan
Korea
2.7
70.2
29.8
39.9
..
1.0
1.4
5.4
7.6
Korea
Luxembourg
0.5
35.9
64.1
53.2
52.2
6.7
10.6
11.4
11.7
..
53.7
46.3
..
..
5.3
6.7
7.1
9.2
Mexico
-2
72.8
46.8
-1
22.7
Germany
-1
-2
88.1
27.2
-1
-2
46.9
-2
74.4
-2
Luxembourg Mexico
Netherlands
2.0
58.9
41.1
54.3
35.9
19.0
23.5
11.7
15.5
..
..
..
..
..
48.1
60.3
8.2
7.2
New Zealand
Norway
0.5
41.2
58.8
68.4
54.7
0.8
1.8
6.7
6.2
Norway
Poland
2.2
49.6
50.4
65.6
10.9
7.9
12.2
5.8
11.9
Poland
Portugal
2.5
64.3
35.7
46.6
21.4
6.7
6.9
11.0
13.4
Portugal
Slovak Republic
1.4
44.1
55.9
75.2
14.2
3.2
..
5.2
..
Spain
3.6
64.0
36.0
34.4
12.3
14.2
16.6
8.1
11.2
Sweden
0.6
47.8
52.2
67.1
51.7
2.8
2.2
7.0
6.8
Switzerland
0.9
45.8
54.2
60.0
37.8
2.7
3.3
6.4
7.7
Switzerland
..
10.7
27.1
6.1
7.4
Turkey
New Zealand
Turkey
11.1
-1
67.5
-1
32.5
-1
36.2
-1
United Kingdom
0.7
41.2
58.8
52.1
27.2
5.4
7.5
8.8
11.5
United States
0.9
49.6
50.4
52.3
19.7
8.6
13.0
4.1
5.8
G7 EU-15 OECD total
Netherlands
Slovak Republic Spain Sweden
United Kingdom United States
..
..
..
..
..
6.1
7.8
6.8
10.3
2.0
57.1
42.9
48.1
27.8
8.4
10.6
8.6
12.4
EU-15
..
..
..
..
..
7.2
9.8
7.1
10.3
OECD total
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
G7
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/634765300563 Sources: Economics Accounts for Agriculture, OECD database; Agricultural policies in OECD Countries: Monitoring and Evaluation 2005, OECD, Paris, 2005.
19
20
Economy > Business statistics, 2003*
Production Billion USD Australia
189
Austria
123
Belgium
159
Canada
Manufacturing Number of employees
Number of enterprises
Production
Thousands
Thousands
Billion USD
962
..
602 -2
637
38
Thousands
111
29 -2
52
446
110
78 -2
140
949
36 -2
45
Thousands
Thousands
Billion USD
..
524 -2
Production
Thousands
1 682
54 -2
Business services and real estate Number of Number of enterprises employees
Wholesale and retail trade Number of Number of enterprises employees
..
283 -2
371
91
397
1 947
54
..
..
..
..
..
..
Czech Republic
80
1 195
153
20
490
233
17
292
246
Denmark
83
429
19
51
400
49
40
274
61
Finland
88
26
233
47
18
-1
425
-1
26
-1
France
1 034
3 855
260
334
2 998
682
Germany
1 500
7 122
201
308
3 673
393
Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
.. 50
.. -1
.. 94
819
.. -1
.. -1
240
73
-1
3 -1
5
-1
.. 172
..
..
4
..
..
14
Japan
2 357
7 723
294
4 374
-1
10 720
Korea
712
359
-2
1 185
3
-1
34
2 624 34
113 -1
1
-1
France Germany
..
-1
29
-1
15
-1
137
-1
23
1 271
216
1 285
930
1 680
..
..
..
967 -1
7
-1
Finland
535
295
-1
Denmark -1
545
..
230
Czech Republic
2 676
11
1 643
Canada
3 284
..
-1
Belgium
371
169
14
Austria -2
359
..
433
-1
44
485
534
7
-1
..
3 981
Luxembourg
178
15
878
Italy
-1
-1
Australia
72 -2
63
-2
1 077
3
-1
42
Greece Hungary Iceland -1
Italy Japan
209 -1
7
Ireland
Korea -1
Luxembourg
Mexico
280
4 443
336
77
4 997
1 581
37
1 519
158
Mexico
Netherlands
227
768
46
117
1 182
156
122
1 078
136
Netherlands
37
260
21
21
299
47
20
187
98
New Zealand
New Zealand
Norway Poland
52
-2
279
-2
10
-2
40
111
-1
2 034
-1
210
-1
97
322 -1
1 157
57 -1
626
31 -1
23
170 -1
491
82 -1
267
Portugal
75
849
78
32
660
230
19
286
60
Slovak Republic
26
411
7
5
154
15
3
79
9
Spain
449
Sweden
137
Switzerland
150
Turkey United Kingdom United States
81 671 3 980
2 473 -1
761
-2
1 092
220 -1
55
-2
11
..
42
-2
31
23
3 281 15 201
166 -1
346
388 -1
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
..
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
-n
..
792
Portugal Slovak Republic
139
1 760
499
Spain
-1
74
431
196
Sweden
-2
40
-1
56
-2
764
-2
4
482
-1
522 -2
1 193 4 576 21 761
Poland
117
-1
64
158 -1
2 338
Norway -1
386 -1
1 267
479 -1
..
323 -2
152
-2
3 916 17 057
30
-1
Switzerland
75
-2
Turkey
-1
United States
571 -1
1 139
United Kingdom
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/210616168188 Sources: Structural and Demographic Business Statistics: 1996-2003, 2006 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2006.
21
22
Economy > Services: value added* Contribution to total economy % of total value added Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels
Transport, storage and communication
I 2004
2004
IV
III
II 1994
2004
1994
Public administration and defence
Real estate, renting and business services
Finance and insurance
2004
1994
Education, health, social work and other services VI
V 1994
1994
2004
1994
2004
Australia*
14.1
14.6
7.9
8.7
7.5
6.0
21.3
19.7
4.2
4.4
14.6
14.4
Austria
17.6
16.9
7.2
8.4
5.5
6.1
17.0
12.9
5.8
6.8
14.4
15.5
Belgium
14.7
13.8
8.2
8.2
5.9
6.4
21.9
19.1
7.3
7.1
15.9
15.2
Canada*
13.8
Czech Republic
14.5
14.1
Denmark
13.4
14.5
Finland
12.2
11.5
France*
13.1
13.3
Germany
12.4
12.2
-2
+1
13.4
7.1 +1
-2
-1
7.3
10.9
10.4
8.8
7.6
+1
10.8
9.6
-1
6.3
6.7
5.6
5.7
6.1 -1
-2
+1
6.7
3.1
3.2
5.4
5.3
-1
2.6
4.1
-1
4.9
5.1
4.6
4.8
19.8 +1
-2
+1
17.6
13.2
12.7
18.6
17.6
+1
18.3
14.6
-1
26.5
22.8
24.5
21.2
5.7 +1
-2
+1
6.8
6.0
5.0
6.3
7.0
+1
5.1
5.4
-1
7.6
8.4
6.0
6.8
14.3 +1
-2
Australia* Austria +1
15.4 +1
11.1
10.1
21.3
20.1
+1
17.4
17.6
+1
-1
17.3
14.3
-1
16.4
14.9
21.1
20.1
+1
9.4
6.7
-1
5.6
4.2
+1
14.7
17.0
+1
7.4
7.2
+1
14.1
12.3
+1
12.6
13.3
-1
8.1
8.8
-1
3.4
4.6
-1
17.3
13.1
-1
9.4
7.5
-1
14.5
14.5
-1
7.1
7.4
-1
7.3
5.9
-1
11.7
-1
5.8
..
19.2
..
-1
10.1
7.8
+1
13.3
9.5
+1
4.7
4.8
21.9
17.0
12.7
14.2
Ireland
12.6
11.9
+1
5.4
5.5
Italy
15.5
17.1
7.7
7.1
Japan*
12.7
14.0
6.8
6.8
Korea
9.8
11.8
7.3
6.7
Luxembourg
12.2
13.1
9.7
8.2
Mexico
20.6
20.4
10.3
9.3
+1
-2
-1
6.5
5.5
8.2
6.5
21.6
22.1
3.4
4.9
+2
+1
16.2
11.7
10.4
12.4
11.5
21.4
17.2
9.5
10.8
+2
+1
4.4
5.7
6.4
6.4
5.5
4.9
6.1
5.4
5.8
5.6
4.3
3.9
+1
+2
+1
Finland France* Germany
Hungary Iceland
Czech Republic Denmark
Greece
-1
Belgium Canada*
Greece Hungary Iceland
+1
14.1
14.6
13.1
13.3
17.4
15.0
Japan*
11.5
9.7
Korea
11.4
10.6
22.2
19.2
Ireland Italy
+1
Luxembourg Mexico
15.3
-1
7.1
-1
8.3
5.8
-1
5.8
21.1
-1
19.6
4.3
-1
5.0
13.0
-1
11.3
New Zealand*
Norway
10.3
-1
12.1
8.8
-1
10.5
3.8
-1
5.0
15.6
-1
13.8
5.0
-1
6.1
17.5
-1
16.5
Norway
Poland
20.7
Portugal
17.5
Slovak Republic
15.1
7.7
+1
7.0
16.4
Spain
18.6
Sweden
12.1
-1
12.3
Switzerland
15.3
-1
Turkey*
20.2
-1
United Kingdom United States*
18.9
-1
10.7 -1
6.4
-1
2.3
6.5
-1
6.6
10.6
7.4
7.5
-1
6.8 -1
1.0
+1
14.1
6.3
+1
14.2
4.3
4.6
19.4
6.0
8.2
-1
8.1
3.7
-1
5.6
15.5
6.3
-1
6.5
14.3
-1
..
15.2
-1
..
5.1
-1
15.0
14.0
7.2
7.8
15.4
17.7
6.1
6.7
16.6
-1
14.5 -1
10.0
+1
7.1
13.6
+1
9.1
12.7
8.8
-1
7.1
9.6
16.2
7.3
-1
7.1
+1
13.1
8.1
+1
16.0
5.6
6.0
6.5
20.7
-1
17.7
5.5
-1
6.4
10.3
9.9
-1
9.6
10.7
-1
..
7.6
-1
..
..
6.5
6.7
23.5
17.5
7.9
6.6
24.5
19.1
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
16.9
15.4
-1
16.0
+1
5.4
-1
-1
17.7
7.4
-1
15.4
20.1
7.2
-1
15.0
New Zealand*
-1
7.5
-1
Netherlands
-1
+1
12.9
+1
8.8
9.8 -1
12.3
13.6
14.2
Netherlands
Poland Portugal Slovak Republic
-1
Spain
21.0
-1
18.5
10.4
15.8
-1
15.2
..
11.3
-1
..
4.9
6.3
16.7
15.1
United Kingdom
7.5
8.0
15.8
13.7
United States*
Sweden Switzerland Turkey*
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/247754583040 Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006; STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics, OECD, Paris, 2006; National sources.
23
24
Economy > Transport, 2004 Freight transport, 2004
Passenger transport, 2004
Billion tonne-kilometres
Billion passenger-kilometres
Inland waterways
Total inland freight
Coastal shipping
Road accidents, 2005
Buses and Total road Private cars coaches transport
Rail
Accidents involving injury, thousands
Total passengers
Killed and injured, thousands
Killed per 100 000 population
Rail
Roads
165.6
162.3
..
..
327.9
115.8
11.3
18.1
265.4
283.5
294.9
..
..
8
Australia
17.9
17.4
1.7
7.6
44.6
--
8.3
..
..
..
8.3
40.9
54.0
9
Austria
Belgium
7.7
47.9
8.7
17.0
Canada
298.1
89.0
1.4
22.0
15.1
46.0
Australia Austria
Czech Republic Denmark
8.5 -1
Pipelines
1.1
65.1
..
314.0
727.0
17.5
0.4
1.9
63.4
--
6.6
8.5
67.6
76.1
82.7
25.4
25.9
-1
-3
111.6 -1
461.0
128.6 -1
483.0
137.3 -1
484.4
49.3 -1
151.3
2.1
10.5
--
5.3
17.9
..
5.7
9.0
52.3
61.2
67.0
6.9
Finland
10.1
27.3
0.3
--
37.8
2.6
3.4
7.6
60.9
68.5
71.9
6.8
France
45.0
197.4
8.4
20.6
271.4
10.5
74.3
44.0
736.9
780.9
855.2
84.5
Germany
-4
86.4
303.7
63.7
16.2
470.1
..
72.6
67.8
888.5
956.3
1 028.8
336.6
Greece
0.6
15.7
--
--
16.3
..
1.7
6.4
36.0
42.4
44.1
23.0
Hungary
8.7
11.0
1.9
5.4
27.0
--
10.5
18.4
46.5
64.9
75.4
20.8
66.6 -1
215.9
10 -1
33.5
9.2
Denmark -1
9
438.8 32.8
7
28.8
19
Germany -5
13
--
..
--
--
..
0.1
--
0.6
4.3
4.9
4.9
0.7
Ireland
0.4
17.3
--
--
17.7
1.3
1.6
..
..
..
1.6
6.0
-2
8.6
-2
8
-2
Italy
23.3
158.2
0.1
10.7
192.3
38.8
45.6
99.8
716.1
815.9
861.5
224.6
-1
323.3
-1
10
-1
Japan
22.8
Korea
10.6
12.5
..
..
..
..
28.5
68.6
14.6
83.2
111.7
220.8
-1
353.6
-1
14
-1
0.6
0.5
0.4
--
1.4
--
0.3
..
..
..
0.3
0.7
-1
1.0
-1
11
-1
21.9
199.8
..
..
..
22.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands
5.2
-1
321.9
31.4
-1
218.2
38.0
-1
0.3
6.1
-1
563.1
80.7
-1
218.2
..
-1
-1
385.0
14.7
-1
83.1
16.4
-1
871.1
146.4
-1
954.2
162.8
-1
1 339.1
177.5
-1
933.9
27.7
6
1 163.5
34.1
Iceland
6
.. -1
-1
Greece Hungary
Iceland
1.0
Finland France
7 -5
Canada Czech Republic
6 -1
113.9 -5
Belgium -1
13
6.9 -1
8
Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg
..
Mexico
5
Netherlands
New Zealand
..
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
10.8
14.9
10
Norway
2.0
15.0
--
4.7
21.7
27.1
3.1
6.0
51.0
56.9
60.0
7.9
11.1
5
Norway
Poland
52.3
110.5
1.1
24.8
188.7
..
18.6
30.1
181.5
211.6
230.2
48.1
66.6
14
Poland
Portugal
2.3
17.4
--
--
19.7
0.9
3.6
10.8
86.1
96.9
100.5
37.1
Slovak Republic
9.7
18.5
0.7
--
28.9
--
2.2
7.9
24.3
32.2
34.4
7.9
Spain
12.0
214.7
--
8.3
235.0
43.3
20.4
53.5
354.9
408.3
428.7
91.2
137.3
Sweden
20.9
37.7
--
--
58.6
7.2
8.7
8.9
97.0
105.9
114.6
18.1
26.9
5
Sweden
Switzerland
10.1
24.4
0.1
0.2
34.8
--
14.9
5.5
87.1
92.6
107.5
21.7
27.2
6
Switzerland
Turkey
-2
50.3 -3
10.9
New Zealand
12 -3
11
Portugal -3
10
9.4
156.9
--
2.3
168.6
..
5.2
..
..
174.3
179.5
..
21.0
155.9
0.2
10.7
187.7
58.2
41.8
47.0
678.9
725.9
767.7
213.0
-1
290.3
-1
6
-1
United States
2 341.2
1 845.3
475.8
861.4
5 523.6
384.9
8.9
226.5
7 165.5
7 391.9
7 400.8
1 900.0
-1
2 831.0
-1
14
-1
Russian Federation
1 801.6
182.1
92.5
1 116.2
3 192.4
6.3
164.3
129.4
..
129.4
293.7
..
United Kingdom
-2
..
..
..
..
Slovak Republic Spain
Turkey United Kingdom United States Russian Federation
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/655531305084 ..
Not available.
--n
Not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
Sources: Trends in the Transport Sector, ECMT, Paris, 2005; IRTAD: www.irtad.net
25
26
Energy > Energy: supply, 2004 Primary energy supply1
Mtoe3
Total Energy % Change 2004/1994 intensity4
% Change 2004/1994
Nuclear % Change Mtoe3 2004/1994
Mtoe3
Coal % Change 2004/1994
Oil Mtoe3
% Change 2004/1994
Natural gas % Change 2004/1994
Mtoe3
2
Mtoe3
Other % Change 2004/1994
115.78
24.6
0.25
- 13.2
-
-
49.47
33.4
37.04
6.9
22.74
45.9
6.52
17.5
Austria
33.19
28.1
0.16
2.9
-
-
3.96
30.0
14.26
26.1
7.62
30.5
7.34
28.7
Austria
Belgium
57.69
11.7
0.23
- 10.0
12.33
16.5
5.79
- 36.0
23.02
7.9
14.57
50.6
1.98
92.2
Belgium
Canada
Australia
Australia
269.05
17.7
0.34
- 15.1
23.56
- 16.5
28.71
15.8
98.24
28.6
78.04
20.1
40.51
18.3
Czech Republic
45.53
12.4
0.73
- 12.3
6.86
102.9
20.96
- 8.4
9.62
24.2
7.79
34.5
0.31
- 56.3
Czech Republic
Canada
Denmark
20.07
- 0.5
0.12
- 19.3
-
-
4.36
- 43.1
8.40
- 3.9
4.63
69.2
2.69
157.1
Denmark
Finland
38.09
22.5
0.29
- 13.9
5.92
16.9
7.53
10.2
11.21
11.3
3.95
43.9
9.48
48.9
Finland
France
275.17
18.9
0.19
- 5.4
116.81
24.5
14.05
- 5.6
92.13
11.8
40.17
44.6
12.00
- 4.1
France
Germany
348.04
2.8
0.18
- 11.1
43.54
10.8
85.83
- 10.3
125.20
- 7.4
78.71
28.7
14.76
103.4
Greece
30.47
30.4
0.23
- 9.4
-
-
9.10
7.4
17.30
27.7
2.23
+
1.84
42.7
Hungary
26.36
6.5
0.48
- 26.1
3.12
- 14.8
3.50
- 25.0
6.41
- 11.4
11.71
38.7
1.62
119.1
Hungary
Iceland
3.50
54.6
0.36
6.3
-
-
0.10
52.7
0.88
22.6
-
-
2.52
70.1
Iceland
Ireland
15.21
38.0
0.13
- 35.4
-
-
2.28
- 23.3
8.82
55.6
3.64
66.2
0.46
149.9
Ireland
Italy
184.46
24.5
0.17
6.1
-
-
16.60
46.0
83.47
- 1.4
66.00
62.9
18.39
58.6
Italy
Japan
533.20
8.6
0.11
- 3.8
73.61
4.9
116.09
39.2
255.01
- 6.1
70.34
35.3
18.15
32.1
Japan
Korea
213.05
58.3
0.35
- 2.3
34.07
122.9
50.09
97.2
101.43
17.8
25.28
268.3
2.19
137.6
Korea
4.75
25.1
0.22
- 21.7
-
-
0.09
- 89.6
3.10
57.1
1.20
145.7
0.36
- 16.6
Luxembourg
Luxembourg Mexico
Germany Greece
165.48
21.0
0.27
- 7.3
2.40
116.9
7.13
49.7
96.12
5.1
43.70
71.8
16.12
15.4
Mexico
Netherlands
82.15
15.5
0.21
- 9.4
1.00
- 3.7
8.70
- 1.7
31.96
23.6
36.73
10.1
3.76
86.7
Netherlands
New Zealand
17.64
14.4
0.29
- 17.5
-
-
1.89
75.2
7.03
35.7
3.45
- 15.1
5.27
3.3
New Zealand
Norway
27.66
17.7
0.15
- 12.5
-
-
0.92
- 6.7
10.58
34.3
4.45
13.3
11.72
9.3
Poland
91.74
- 4.9
0.49
- 38.2
-
-
54.19
- 21.3
21.67
45.3
11.88
44.6
4.00
- 10.7
Portugal
26.55
36.6
0.24
6.4
-
-
3.37
1.4
15.42
22.3
3.30
-
4.46
27.3
Slovak Republic
18.34
5.0
0.75
- 30.9
4.49
36.8
4.52
- 17.1
3.22
1.9
5.50
16.8
0.61
- 29.5
Spain
Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic
142.20
44.8
0.22
2.1
16.58
15.0
21.02
10.7
70.77
35.3
25.16
299.8
8.67
39.7
Spain
Sweden
53.94
7.2
0.20
- 19.1
20.19
5.9
2.94
0.5
15.50
- 0.3
0.88
17.3
14.42
20.0
Sweden
Switzerland
27.13
7.3
0.11
- 6.2
7.05
10.7
0.13
- 24.1
12.53
- 5.2
2.71
36.1
4.71
33.6
Switzerland
Turkey
81.90
45.0
0.36
- 3.1
-
-
22.38
40.1
30.09
17.2
18.70
313.9
10.73
3.9
233.69
5.0
0.15
- 21.1
20.85
- 9.4
37.48
- 24.3
83.66
- 3.2
87.36
45.1
4.33
28.7
United Kingdom United States
United Kingdom
Turkey
United States
2 325.89
12.8
0.22
- 18.1
211.96
19.8
545.36
13.5
947.47
18.1
514.78
4.7
106.32
- 3.9
G7
4 169.49
12.0
0.19
- 12.0
490.32
13.7
844.11
11.0
1 685.18
9.5
935.40
17.2
214.46
10.9
G7
EU-15
1 545.66
14.8
0.18
- 8.8
237.22
15.0
223.12
- 8.7
604.22
6.4
376.16
48.2
104.95
40.8
EU-15
OECD total
5 507.90
14.9
0.20
- 11.1
604.33
17.4
1 128.56
10.6
2 241.54
11.2
1 197.23
25.8
336.25
15.3
OECD total
Brazil
204.85
37.5
0.31
8.5
3.03
+
14.19
25.3
86.58
27.6
15.77
308.3
85.29
29.3
Brazil
China
1 609.35
63.5
0.94
- 31.9
13.15
242.0
992.65
66.1
311.34
114.5
41.83
130.4
250.38
14.0
China
572.85
38.7
0.99
- 23.4
4.43
201.2
195.54
50.7
127.34
71.1
23.43
74.5
222.12
14.5
India
Russian Federation
641.53
- 1.5
1.95
- 25.1
38.08
47.2
104.19
- 16.9
130.85
- 13.2
346.56
5.8
21.86
- 0.5
Russian Federation
South Africa
131.14
31.5
0.87
- 2.1
3.48
37.8
94.40
26.8
18.54
85.5
1.66
- 3.3
13.05
18.0
South Africa
India
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/804320680401 1.
These figures are based on an assumption of 100% efficiency for hydro-electric, 33% for nuclear and approximately 10% for geothermal plants.
2.
Includes hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables, waste and international trade in electricity.
3. 4.
Million tonnes of oil equivalent. Total primary energy supply (in Mtoe) divided by GDP (in constant prices, 2000 USD).
+
Nil or negligible. Growth of more than 500%
Sources: Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006; Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006; Main Economic Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006.
27
Energy > Energy: production, 20041
28
Total Mtoe3 Australia
Nuclear
% Change 2004/1994
Oil
Coal
% Change 2004/1994
Mtoe3
% Change 2004/1994
Mtoe3
Natural gas % Change 2004/1994
Mtoe3
% Change 2004/1994
Mtoe3
Mtoe3
Other2 % Change 2004/1994
261.77
50.9
-
-
192.61
62.3
30.64
14.6
31.99
42.3
6.52
17.5
Australia
9.88
17.7
-
-
0.06
- 84.5
1.08
- 7.4
1.67
44.5
7.08
23.8
Austria
Belgium
13.53
17.5
12.33
16.5
0.09
- 70.1
-
-
-
-
1.11
82.0
Belgium
Canada
397.49
17.5
23.56
- 16.5
32.27
- 18.1
149.64
38.2
150.67
21.2
41.36
8.8
Czech Republic
34.24
4.8
6.86
102.9
24.84
- 11.6
0.57
129.4
0.16
- 15.0
1.80
141.6
Denmark
31.01
105.5
-
-
-
-
19.78
112.7
8.49
95.6
2.74
88.5
Denmark
Finland
15.89
22.2
5.92
16.9
0.78
- 63.4
0.07
-
-
-
9.12
57.1
Finland
France
137.42
10.9
116.81
24.5
0.54
- 90.7
1.53
- 54.1
1.11
- 62.3
17.43
- 2.9
Germany
136.01
- 6.3
43.54
10.8
58.33
- 27.9
4.42
23.4
14.73
3.3
14.99
112.3
Austria
Canada Czech Republic
France Germany
Greece
10.29
12.5
-
-
8.55
16.1
0.12
- 74.8
0.03
- 39.6
1.60
27.1
Hungary
10.24
- 20.6
3.12
- 14.8
2.18
- 26.7
1.59
- 17.8
2.37
- 37.0
0.98
73.2
Hungary
2.52
70.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.52
70.1
Iceland Ireland
Iceland Ireland
Greece
1.90
- 46.7
-
-
0.89
- 25.4
-
-
0.69
- 68.6
0.32
76.4
Italy
30.14
2.2
-
-
0.06
- 6.8
5.62
18.7
10.61
- 35.8
13.85
69.6
Italy
Japan
96.76
4.8
73.61
4.9
-
-
2.31
- 8.3
2.69
29.1
18.15
32.1
Japan
Korea
38.03
97.2
34.07
122.9
1.37
- 55.7
0.44
-
-
-
2.16
134.8
Korea
0.07
40.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.07
40.8
253.86
23.8
2.40
116.9
4.75
14.9
195.02
20.9
35.49
44.5
16.21
15.4
67.90
2.2
1.00
- 3.7
-
-
2.97
- 33.0
61.57
2.9
2.36
113.9
12.98
- 0.5
-
-
3.10
80.3
1.15
- 46.4
3.45
- 15.1
5.27
3.3
238.63
38.8
-
-
1.95
+
155.58
16.6
70.40
155.4
10.70
- 0.3
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway
Poland Portugal Slovak Republic
78.81
- 19.1
-
-
69.18
- 22.5
0.91
195.2
3.92
26.7
4.80
1.9
3.90
11.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.90
13.9
Poland Portugal
6.46
17.9
4.49
36.8
0.82
- 24.1
0.22
216.1
0.14
- 36.2
0.78
- 5.0
Slovak Republic
32.53
0.9
16.58
15.0
6.45
- 39.3
0.26
- 73.1
0.31
71.4
8.93
47.7
Spain
Sweden
35.09
11.9
20.19
5.9
0.38
34.5
-
-
-
-
14.51
21.1
Switzerland
11.82
8.4
7.05
10.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.77
5.2
Spain
Turkey
Sweden Switzerland
24.11
- 8.3
-
-
10.53
- 13.0
2.22
- 39.1
0.57
245.7
10.79
4.0
225.21
- 7.9
20.85
- 9.4
14.92
- 48.1
99.59
- 25.0
86.38
48.6
3.48
81.9
United Kingdom
United States
1 641.04
- 1.3
211.96
19.8
546.56
2.0
339.09
- 15.6
438.37
- 0.7
105.06
- 1.6
United States
G7
2 664.06
1.1
490.32
13.7
652.68
- 6.0
602.19
- 8.3
704.57
6.8
214.31
10.7
G7
750.78
1.8
237.22
15.0
91.05
- 34.0
135.44
- 15.8
185.58
16.2
101.50
39.5
EU-15
3 859.54
7.2
604.33
17.4
981.21
0.3
1 014.82
1.2
925.81
13.8
333.38
14.6
OECD total
Brazil
176.31
69.9
3.03
+
2.17
6.6
79.14
124.9
9.03
133.9
82.95
32.3
Brazil
China
1 536.78
54.3
13.15
242.0
1 052.95
73.1
176.16
20.6
43.62
140.2
250.90
14.1
China
466.87
26.8
4.43
201.2
177.89
43.7
39.14
9.6
23.43
74.5
221.98
14.5
India
1 158.46
18.2
38.08
47.2
130.13
5.5
458.49
44.5
509.17
3.9
22.60
- 3.8
Russian Federation
156.00
22.6
3.48
37.8
137.07
23.4
0.19
- 53.4
1.66
- 3.3
13.60
18.2
South Africa
United Kingdom
EU-15 OECD total
India Russian Federation South Africa
Turkey
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134068863130 1.
These figures are based on an assumption of 100% efficiency for hydro-electric, 33% for nuclear and approximately 10% for geothermal plants.
2. 3.
Includes hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables and waste. Million tonnes of oil equivalent.
+
Nil or negligible. Growth of more than 500%
Sources: Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006; Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006.
29
30
Energy > Energy consumption and electricity generation, 2004 Final energy consumption by sector1 Total Mtoe3
% Change 2004/1994
Industry % Change Mtoe3 2004/1994
Total electricity generation
Transport % Change Mtoe3 2004/1994
Other Mtoe3
% Change 2004/1994
% Change 2004/1994
TWh2
Australia
73.95
19.5
27.03
10.3
29.34
21.9
17.58
31.9
239.3
43.1
Australia
Austria
27.62
33.0
8.77
29.8
8.18
48.7
10.66
25.4
61.6
18.1
Austria
Belgium
41.27
13.5
15.77
10.7
10.49
20.2
15.01
12.1
84.4
18.2
Belgium
Canada
201.74
17.7
77.20
18.3
55.82
17.2
68.72
17.3
598.4
7.7
Canada
Czech Republic
27.65
7.3
11.48
- 10.0
6.48
84.9
9.69
2.0
83.8
43.5
Denmark
15.62
4.5
3.19
0.3
5.29
14.7
7.14
- 0.2
40.5
0.7
Finland
27.16
15.2
13.58
20.3
4.92
15.7
8.66
7.7
85.8
30.8
France
172.27
11.8
51.18
9.5
52.34
13.7
68.74
12.1
567.1
19.5
France
Germany
251.72
6.2
78.34
1.2
64.81
1.7
108.57
13.4
610.0
16.1
Germany
Greece
21.43
34.3
4.88
19.2
8.20
22.9
8.35
60.7
58.8
45.6
Hungary
19.14
11.1
4.92
- 5.9
4.05
52.9
10.16
8.7
33.7
0.6
Czech Republic Denmark Finland
Greece Hungary
Iceland
2.49
39.2
0.94
90.3
0.36
19.2
1.19
19.9
8.6
80.4
Iceland
Ireland
11.98
43.0
2.33
- 2.9
4.73
98.8
4.91
36.8
25.2
49.8
Ireland
Italy
144.81
22.3
48.63
15.4
45.28
16.2
50.90
36.4
293.1
28.1
Italy
Japan
354.32
9.1
144.56
4.3
94.84
8.7
114.92
16.1
1 071.0
14.2
Japan
Korea
143.69
47.3
69.40
62.3
34.74
45.6
39.55
27.9
366.6
126.6
Korea Luxembourg
Luxembourg
4.48
36.9
0.98
- 21.0
2.71
97.1
0.80
20.2
3.4
445.6
105.59
9.9
36.00
- 2.6
45.15
22.5
24.44
9.9
224.1
47.7
Mexico
Netherlands
63.29
16.2
25.05
22.7
15.49
27.7
22.74
3.8
100.8
26.6
Netherlands
New Zealand
13.94
25.0
5.23
10.9
5.82
44.4
2.90
20.5
41.8
19.7
New Zealand
Mexico
Norway
21.24
14.8
9.15
18.7
4.98
15.6
7.12
9.6
110.1
- 1.9
Poland
60.86
- 4.0
20.55
- 10.8
11.94
48.3
28.37
- 12.3
152.6
14.4
Poland
Portugal
21.34
38.4
8.09
20.4
7.51
54.8
5.74
49.3
44.8
43.0
Portugal Slovak Republic
Slovak Republic
Norway
11.36
7.0
4.82
2.1
2.21
71.2
4.33
- 5.9
30.5
19.6
103.48
51.1
38.01
49.7
39.44
49.2
26.03
56.3
277.1
72.3
Sweden
35.71
3.8
14.39
9.1
8.78
12.4
12.54
- 6.4
151.7
6.3
Switzerland
21.98
11.4
4.69
17.6
7.00
7.4
10.30
11.6
63.6
- 2.8
Turkey
62.96
45.4
23.96
72.2
13.58
22.9
25.42
38.6
150.7
92.4
Turkey
163.65
7.4
43.74
- 0.1
55.17
14.1
64.74
7.5
393.2
21.0
United Kingdom United States
Spain
United Kingdom
Spain Sweden Switzerland
United States
1 600.79
16.7
463.93
14.0
639.41
18.9
497.45
16.4
4 147.7
20.2
G7
2 889.30
14.2
907.58
10.6
1 007.67
15.9
974.06
16.0
7 680.4
18.2
G7
EU-15
1 105.82
15.4
356.93
11.9
333.34
18.3
415.54
16.4
2 797.3
24.0
EU-15
OECD total
3 827.52
16.2
1 260.78
13.5
1 289.07
19.3
1 277.68
16.0
10 119.8
23.0
OECD total
Brazil
172.20
36.7
80.83
40.0
53.11
39.3
38.26
26.9
387.5
49.0
Brazil
China
1 038.36
34.9
518.77
40.5
103.67
121.1
415.92
17.6
2 199.6
137.0
China
India
403.26
24.2
121.62
41.9
36.32
8.8
245.32
19.4
667.8
73.3
India
Russian Federation
425.18
- 12.4
153.86
- 13.1
95.00
7.6
176.33
- 19.9
929.9
6.3
65.33
32.8
28.36
35.5
15.36
34.5
21.61
28.3
242.2
33.9
South Africa 1. 2. 3.
Including non-energy use. Terawatt hours, excluding output from pumped storage plants. Million tonnes of oil equivalent.
Russian Federation South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/462753315643 Sources: Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006; Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006.
31
32
Labour > Employment Civilian employment*
Total labour force*
Thousands, 2005 Australia* Austria
% change, 2005/95
Female participation rate* 2005
1995
Total, thousands 2005
Foreign labour force
Composition % change Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2005/95
2005
1995
Industry 2005
% of total labour force
Services
1995
2005
1995
1994
2004
10 575
16.8
69.6
64.8
9 987
21.3
3.6
5.0
21.0
22.8
75.3
72.2
24.8
25.2
4 032
3.3
65.7
62.3
3 814
2.3
5.5
7.5
27.6
32.3
66.9
60.3
5.6
6.9
+1
Australia* Austria
7.6
-1
18.5
+1
Belgium
Belgium
4 669
8.1
60.1
56.4
4 235
14.0
1.7
2.4
24.7
26.4
73.6
71.1
7.8
Canada*
17 402
17.9
72.8
67.4
16 170
21.6
2.7
4.1
22.0
22.0
75.3
74.0
19.5
5 174
0.1
63.0
64.9
4 749
- 3.2
4.0
6.6
39.6
42.2
56.4
51.1
2.1
1.4
Czech Republic Denmark
Czech Republic
+2
Denmark
2 876
2.8
76.2
73.6
2 704
5.4
3.1
4.4
24.1
27.4
72.8
68.1
3.6
2.9
Finland
2 641
5.2
73.3
70.0
2 392
14.4
4.8
8.1
25.9
27.3
69.3
64.5
1.8
..
France
27 475
8.4
64.5
60.3
24 392
11.1
3.5
4.6
22.6
26.3
73.9
69.1
5.5
6.3
Germany
41 040
4.2
67.4
61.5
36 185
1.1
2.4
3.1
30.0
36.3
67.6
60.5
9.4
..
Greece
4 849
14.2
53.4
45.2
4 382
14.7
12.4
20.4
22.4
23.2
65.2
56.4
9.0
Hungary
4 205
2.7
54.7
50.1
3 856
7.9
5.0
8.3
32.8
33.5
62.2
58.2
1.2
Iceland
166
11.1
80.5
82.4
161
13.6
6.5
9.5
21.6
24.7
71.9
65.8
0.0
Ireland
2 015
38.1
60.9
47.8
1 922
51.1
5.9
11.7
27.9
28.3
66.2
59.9
8.2
Italy
24 451
6.9
50.7
42.8
22 306
12.4
4.2
6.7
31.1
34.1
64.6
59.2
Japan
66 500
- 0.2
65.3
62.2
63 560
- 1.6
4.4
5.7
27.9
33.6
67.6
Korea
23 743
13.9
58.1
53.5
22 856
12.0
7.9
11.8
26.9
33.4
317
43.6
89.2
58.3
306
42.5
1.3
2.1
19.1
42 463
21.5
44.6
40.7
40 978
24.4
15.0
21.8
8 345
12.6
68.8
59.0
7 877
15.2
3.1
3.7
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands
+2
Canada*
Finland France Germany
..
Greece
0.5
Hungary
..
Iceland
2.4
Ireland
6.0
1.8
Italy
60.8
0.3
0.2
Japan
65.2
54.8
1.8
0.2
27.5
79.7
70.4
59.9
49.5
27.3
21.7
57.7
56.5
..
..
20.3
22.6
76.6
73.7
3.6
3.8
+1
Korea Luxembourg Mexico -1
Netherlands
+2
New Zealand*
2 161
18.8
72.3
66.4
2 073
22.2
7.1
9.7
22.0
25.1
70.8
65.2
18.9
Norway
2 400
9.8
75.4
72.2
2 274
11.1
3.3
5.2
20.9
23.4
75.8
71.4
5.9
Poland
17 218
0.1
57.8
61.1
14 116
- 4.6
17.4
22.6
29.2
32.0
53.4
45.4
..
..
5 545
16.7
71.7
61.2
5 094
16.3
11.9
11.6
30.8
32.3
57.3
56.1
5.5
1.6
Portugal Slovak Republic
Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom
.. 2.3
New Zealand* Norway Poland
2 646
7.1
61.3
61.3
2 216
3.2
4.7
9.2
38.8
38.9
56.5
51.9
0.2
0.2
20 886
27.5
58.4
46.1
18 883
51.5
5.3
8.9
29.9
30.2
64.8
60.9
5.0
0.7
Spain
4 622
5.3
76.0
75.9
4 263
6.9
2.0
3.1
22.0
25.9
76.0
71.0
4.8
4.9
Sweden
4 371
6.8
77.6
73.2
4 183
5.7
3.8
4.4
23.7
28.6
72.5
66.9
18.7
18.0
25 065
10.0
27.2
33.4
22 046
7.1
29.5
44.1
24.7
22.0
45.8
33.9
..
..
29 517
5.3
68.8
66.1
28 006
9.9
1.4
2.1
22.1
27.3
76.5
70.7
4.9
3.1
United States*
150 564
12.7
69.9
69.8
141 730
13.5
1.6
2.9
19.8
24.0
78.6
73.1
14.8
9.2
G7
356 949
7.9
66.8
63.8
332 349
8.7
2.6
3.9
23.7
28.5
73.7
67.7
..
..
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States* G7
EU-15
183 279
9.1
63.5
57.2
166 762
12.6
3.7
5.1
26.5
30.4
69.8
64.5
..
..
EU-15
OECD total
557 930
9.8
61.5
58.9
517 717
11.0
5.7
8.4
24.8
28.1
69.4
63.6
..
..
OECD total
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/366216481477 Sources: Labour Force Statistics: 1985-2005, OECD, Paris, 2006; International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI, 2006 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2006.
33
34
Labour > Part-time and self-employment Part-time employment* % of total employment Women
Total 1995
2005
2005
Men 1995
2005
1995
Female part-time employment*
Self-employment*
% of total part-time employment
% of total employment
2005
1995
2005
1995
Australia*
27.3
25.0
41.7
40.2
15.7
13.5
68.3
69.2
12.6
14.3
Australia*
Austria
16.2
11.1
29.6
21.6
4.8
3.1
83.8
84.2
11.8
10.8
Austria
Belgium
18.1
14.6
33.1
29.9
6.2
4.3
80.8
82.1
13.6
14.8
Belgium
Canada
18.3
18.8
26.9
28.5
10.8
10.8
68.6
68.8
9.2
10.1
Canada Czech Republic
Czech Republic
3.3
3.4
5.5
5.6
1.6
1.8
72.8
70.2
15.3
11.3
Denmark
18.0
16.9
24.9
25.8
12.0
9.7
64.1
68.1
7.8
8.3
Finland
11.2
8.7
14.8
11.7
7.9
5.9
63.6
64.6
12.0
14.1
Finland
France
13.6
14.2
23.3
24.8
5.3
5.6
79.1
77.9
8.9
10.6
France
Germany
21.8
14.2
39.4
29.1
7.4
3.4
81.4
86.3
11.2
9.3
6.1
7.8
11.1
13.3
3.0
4.7
69.6
61.3
30.1
33.8
Greece Hungary
3.2 -3
2.8
5.0
22.5
31.2
-3
4.3
1.8
37.9
10.2
-3
Denmark
Germany Greece
1.6
70.5
67.7
13.3
16.4
Hungary
9.1
73.1
78.5
14.1
18.3
Iceland
Iceland
20.1
Ireland
18.6
14.3
34.8
27.0
6.8
6.7
79.1
70.8
16.6
20.7
Ireland
Italy
14.7
10.5
29.2
21.1
5.3
4.8
78.0
70.8
24.9
24.4
Italy
Japan*
25.8
20.1
42.3
34.9
14.2
10.0
67.7
70.3
10.2
12.1
Japan*
Korea*
9.0
4.3
12.5
6.6
6.5
2.8
57.9
61.6
27.0
27.3
Korea*
11.3
31.1
16.6
27.6
29.4
60.9
Luxembourg
14.0
Mexico
15.1
Netherlands
35.7
-1
-1
28.4
1.7
31.1
8.1
55.1
15.3
-1
1.9
92.9
89.0
6.5
8.4
9.5
65.1
61.3
28.5
30.2
Mexico
Luxembourg
11.8
76.3
76.2
11.1
11.1
Netherlands
New Zealand
21.7
20.9
35.3
35.4
10.2
9.5
74.8
74.7
17.8
19.8
Norway
20.8
21.4
32.9
37.5
10.0
7.6
74.6
80.7
7.1
8.3
Poland
+2
+2
+2
+2
New Zealand Norway
11.7
11.9
17.4
16.6
7.1
8.2
66.5
61.1
20.4
23.5
Poland
Portugal
9.8
8.6
14.4
14.5
5.9
3.8
67.9
75.3
23.5
25.8
Portugal
Slovak Republic
2.6
2.3
4.1
3.8
1.4
1.1
69.2
72.4
12.6
..
Spain
11.4
7.0
22.2
15.8
4.2
2.4
78.0
77.2
16.5
21.1
Spain
Sweden
13.5
15.1
19.0
24.1
8.5
6.8
67.1
76.8
9.6
10.7
Sweden
Switzerland
25.1
22.9
45.8
44.9
8.0
6.5
82.7
83.8
9.3
9.7
5.8
6.5
13.4
13.1
3.2
3.8
59.4
58.2
29.1
29.2
Turkey United Kingdom
23.6
22.3
39.3
40.8
10.0
7.4
77.3
United States*
12.8
14.0
18.3
20.2
7.8
8.3
68.4
-1
81.7
12.7
13.9
68.7
7.3
8.3
G7*
16.4
11.7
26.5
19.9
7.9
5.3
73.6
74.6
10.1
11.0
EU-15*
18.0
14.8
31.9
28.4
7.0
5.2
78.1
79.6
12.8
13.3
OECD total*
15.3
11.8
25.6
20.6
7.5
5.6
72.3
72.6
14.2
..
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
Slovak Republic
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States* G7* EU-15* OECD total*
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/571575406847 Sources: Employment and Labour Market Statistics, OECD database, 2006 Labour Force Statistics: 1985-2005, OECD, Paris, 2006; OECD Employment Outlook, OECD, Paris, 2006.
35
36
Labour > Unemployment Long-term unemployment
Unemployment rates* Total
Women
Men
% of civilian labour force
% of civilian female labour force
% of civilian male labour force
2005
1995
2005
1995
2005
1995
Youth unemployment rates (under 25) % of youth labour force
(12 months or more) % of total unemployment 1995
2005
Total 2005
Women 1995
2005
Men
1995
2005
1995
Australia
5.1
8.5
5.3
8.1
4.9
8.8
17.7
32.0
10.8
15.4
10.5
14.8
11.1
15.9
Austria
5.2
3.7
5.5
4.3
4.9
3.2
25.3
29.1
10.3
5.0
9.9
5.5
10.7
4.6
Australia
Belgium
8.4
13.0
9.5
16.9
7.6
9.9
51.6
62.4
19.9
21.5
19.1
23.7
20.6
19.7
Belgium
Canada
6.8
9.5
6.5
9.1
7.0
9.8
9.6
16.8
12.4
14.8
10.6
13.2
14.2
16.3
Canada
Austria
Czech Republic
8.0
4.1
9.8
4.8
6.5
3.5
53.6
31.2
19.3
7.8
19.1
8.7
19.4
7.2
Czech Republic
Denmark
5.0
7.1
5.5
8.2
4.6
6.2
25.9
27.9
7.9
9.9
9.8
12.3
6.1
7.8
Denmark
Finland
8.4
15.4
8.6
15.1
8.2
15.8
24.9
37.6
20.0
29.9
19.4
28.7
20.6
30.9
Finland
France
10.0
11.6
10.8
13.6
9.3
10.0
42.5
42.5
22.8
25.9
24.6
32.2
21.4
20.9
France
Germany
11.2
8.2
10.9
9.4
11.5
7.3
54.0
48.7
15.2
8.2
14.0
8.0
16.1
8.3
Greece
9.6
10.0
15.2
15.3
5.8
6.7
53.7
51.4
25.3
27.9
34.7
37.7
17.5
19.4
Hungary
7.3
10.4
7.5
8.7
7.1
11.8
46.1
50.6
19.4
18.6
19.1
15.6
19.7
20.7
Hungary
Iceland
2.6
4.9
2.6
4.9
2.6
4.9
11.2
16.8
7.2
11.0
6.0
8.6
8.5
13.1
Iceland
Ireland
4.3
12.2
3.8
12.1
4.6
12.3
34.3
61.6
8.3
19.1
7.3
17.5
9.1
20.4
Ireland
Italy
7.8
11.7
10.1
16.2
6.3
9.1
52.2
63.6
24.0
31.9
27.4
38.7
21.5
27.0
Japan
4.4
3.2
4.2
3.2
4.6
3.1
33.3
18.1
8.6
6.1
7.4
6.1
9.9
6.1
Japan
Korea
3.7
2.1
3.4
1.7
4.0
2.3
0.8
4.4
10.2
6.3
9.0
5.3
12.2
7.8
Korea
Luxembourg
3.1
2.3
3.3
2.7
3.0
2.1
26.3
23.2
13.7
7.2
16.2
7.8
11.7
6.7
Luxembourg
Mexico
3.5
5.8
3.6
6.1
3.4
5.6
2.4
1.3
6.6
9.6
7.4
11.0
6.1
8.9
Mexico
-1
Germany Greece
Italy
Netherlands
5.2
7.1
5.6
8.7
4.9
5.9
40.1
46.8
9.6
12.8
9.7
13.7
9.5
12.0
Netherlands
New Zealand
3.7
6.3
4.0
6.3
3.4
6.2
9.4
25.7
9.4
11.9
9.8
11.8
9.1
11.9
New Zealand Norway
Norway
4.6
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.9
5.3
9.5
24.2
12.0
11.9
11.5
11.8
12.5
11.9
Poland
17.7
13.3
19.1
14.7
16.6
12.1
52.2
40.0
37.8
31.2
39.2
33.8
36.7
29.0
Poland
7.7
7.2
8.7
8.0
6.7
6.4
48.6
50.9
16.1
15.7
19.1
17.7
13.7
14.0
Portugal
Portugal Slovak Republic Spain
16.2
13.1
17.2
13.8
15.3
12.6
68.1
54.1
29.9
24.8
28.7
23.1
30.8
26.0
Slovak Republic
9.2
23.0
12.2
30.8
7.1
18.1
32.6
57.1
19.7
40.4
23.5
49.2
16.7
33.6
Spain
27.8
22.3
19.5
21.6
18.4
23.0
20.6
33.6
8.8
5.5
9.2
5.3
8.5
5.7
Sweden
7.8
9.2
7.6
8.2
7.9
10.1
18.9
Switzerland
4.3
3.3
4.8
3.9
3.8
2.9
38.8
Turkey
-1
Sweden Switzerland
10.3
7.6
10.3
7.3
10.3
7.8
39.6
36.4
19.3
15.6
19.3
13.1
19.3
16.9
Turkey
United Kingdom
4.6
8.6
4.1
6.8
5.0
10.1
22.4
43.6
11.8
15.3
10.0
12.2
13.4
17.9
United Kingdom
United States
5.1
5.6
5.1
5.6
5.1
5.6
11.8
9.7
11.3
12.1
10.1
11.6
12.4
12.5
United States
G7
6.3
6.7
6.4
7.1
6.2
6.4
30.9
31.0
12.7
13.0
11.6
12.9
13.7
13.1
G7
EU-15
8.3
10.8
9.1
12.5
7.7
9.6
43.8
50.3
16.6
20.4
17.0
22.5
16.3
18.8
EU-15
OECD total
6.7
7.4
6.9
8.1
6.4
7.0
32.8
34.2
13.3
14.2
12.8
14.5
13.7
14.0
OECD total
* -n
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/851680205183 Sources: Employment and Labour Market Statistics, OECD database, 2006 Labour Force Statistics: 1985-2005, OECD, Paris, 2006; OECD Employment Outlook, OECD, Paris, 2006.
37
38
Labour > Services: employment* Contribution to total employment % of total civilian employment Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels
Transport, storage and communication
I 2004 Australia*
24.7
Austria
-1
2004
25.4
6.4
21.9
21.1
Belgium
17.2
18.0
Canada
24.0
23.3
+1
+1
Czech Republic
18.0
17.3
Denmark
19.0
17.9
Finland
15.8
14.8
France
16.9
16.0
Germany
19.8
18.8
Greece
20.5
19.3
+1
15.9
+1
Hungary
17.8
Iceland*
16.6
Ireland
20.2
19.4
Italy
20.4
20.2
Japan*
18.0
Korea
26.3
Luxembourg
18.5
Mexico*
19.3
-1
-1
+1
16.4
17.1
-1
26.8
-1
6.5
3.6
6.9
7.2
3.1
6.9
7.1
6.8
7.3
7.3
7.3
6.5
6.6
7.2
7.7
6.3
6.1
+1
+1
+1
5.4
6.0
6.5
6.6
+1
8.9
+1
7.7 6.2
+1
2004
1994 -1
-1
7.4
6.1
5.1
6.4
6.3
5.8
5.9
6.2
5.2
21.1
+1
7.5
26.3
+1
6.0
-1
IV
III
II 1994
+2
12.1
3.2
3.3
3.7
5.2
5.4
1.5
1.6
3.0
3.0
+1
+1
+1
1.6
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.4
2.6
2.3
+1
2.3
+1
2.1 3.9
+1
3.9
-1
3.9
4.5
3.8
2.4
2.7
2.7
3.1
3.4
3.5
7.0
+1
11.0
5.1
+1
0.5
-1
5.8
9.6
6.3
6.8
15.6
11.7
11.6
8.2
9.8
7.3
11.2
7.9
+2
+1
+1
+1
10.3
7.4
14.8
11.7
13.0
8.0
6.8
4.9
+1
3.6
+1
6.9 -1
5.5
8.5
6.0
11.1
7.3
1.5
1.5
8.7
4.2
10.3
+1
17.1
1.1
+1
3.5
-1
VI 1994
2004
9.5
9.1 +1
-1
Education, health, social work and other services
V 1994
2004
1994 -1
Public administration and finance
Real estate, renting and business services
Finance and insurance
+2
22.4
7.2
20.3
9.9
9.6 6.1
6.4
5.8
6.0
7.1
+1
+1
+1
7.3
7.6
8.6
9.5
7.0
8.1
7.8
7.4
+1
7.3
+1
7.8 -1
12.6
5.0
5.6
5.7
6.6
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
9.9
+1
5.4
2.6
+1
4.6
-1
1994
6.2
5.2
5.2 +1
-1
2004
+2
20.4
Australia*
18.1
Austria
22.6
21.0
21.5
22.2
14.9
13.7
29.2
28.5
+1
+1
24.7 21.5
21.2
18.0
17.1
14.7
+1
20.3
+1
-1
21.6
20.4 16.4
27.8 16.0
5.4
+1
15.3
4.4
+1
..
-1
23.4
Finland France Germany
17.0
16.7
Czech Republic Denmark
26.4
19.4
Belgium Canada
+1
22.7
30.1 +1
-1
Greece Hungary Iceland*
+1
Ireland Italy
-1
9.9
Japan* Korea
14.6
+1
Luxembourg
8.1
+1
Mexico*
-1
Netherlands
19.0
20.0
6.3
5.8
New Zealand
26.4
26.3
6.2
6.0
-1
-1
-1
-1
3.5
15.9
11.5
7.3
7.0
22.4
25.1
3.8
12.3
9.3
3.3
4.5
25.7
23.6
New Zealand Norway
Norway
16.4
-1
16.5
9.0
-1
10.0
2.3
-1
2.7
10.3
-1
6.6
7.4
-1
9.0
28.5
-1
26.1
Poland
17.4
-1
14.2
5.7
-1
5.9
2.1
-1
1.7
7.5
-1
3.2
6.6
-1
2.6
16.0
-1
14.7
Portugal
22.0
-2
19.3
3.8
-2
3.5
1.8
-2
2.6
5.7
-2
5.7
7.2
-2
8.0
14.7
-2
17.2
Slovak Republic
20.2
-1
12.1
7.9
7.0 -1
Spain
22.4
Sweden
15.4
Switzerland*
21.3
Turkey*
19.2
United Kingdom
24.2
23.1
5.9
5.8
United States*
21.4
24.1
4.8
5.0
20.9 -1
15.5 22.4
-1
13.0
5.7 6.6
5.9 -1
5.0
1.7 -1
6.9
-1
5.0
2.7 -1
7.4 -1
11.7
5.4
10.3
..
2.5
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.7
1.1
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
-1
-1
3.9
8.5
2.1
5.7 -1
-1
1.2
2.1 2.1
6.4
6.6 -1
-1
-1
3.8 3.0
5.7 -1
7.6
8.3
6.2
7.8
3.9
..
5.7
15.4
12.4
15.0
10.6
-1
6.1
6.9 -1
-1
8.8 -1
18.1 -1
15.2
19.0 -1
32.8
3.5
19.0
..
9.4
-1
..
6.4
7.1
23.8
-1
23.8
8.4
9.1
24.7
-1
Poland -1
18.4
7.9
Netherlands
Portugal Slovak Republic
-1
Spain
32.4
Sweden
16.3
Switzerland*
21.0
Turkey* -1
United Kingdom United States*
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/485802423866 Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006; STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics, OECD; Labour Force Statistics: 1985-2005, OECD, Paris, 2006.
39
40
Science and technology > Research and development (I), 2004 * Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) Per capita at current USD, PPP
% financed by
% of GDP
Industry
Government -2
Australia*
1.64
Austria*
2.24
42.35 35.30
Belgium
1.90
23.55
-2
48.83
-2
45.98 -1
60.31
-1
Government budget appropriations for R&D, 2006
Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) % of value added in industry
% of GERD
51.2
-2
1.17
-1
4.1
-1
91.0
-1
0.53
66.8
-2
1.99
-2
5.6
-2
64.5
-2
0.64
595
68.6
1.91
% of which defence R&D
% of GDP
Industry
Government
730
486
-2
% financed by
5.8
81.1
-1
0.4
-1
Belgium
3.8
-1
Canada*
2.9
-1
Czech Republic
1.99
33.62
47.92
633
54.0
1.44
2.5
82.6
0.59
1.27
41.89
52.82
236
63.7
1.09
15.2
79.6
0.56
-1
Denmark
2.48
27.10
802
68.0
2.73
2.4
Finland
3.51
26.33
1 045
70.1
3.67
3.7
France
2.16
39.01
627
62.9
2.04
11.1
Germany
2.49
Greece
0.62
Hungary
0.89
Iceland
2.92
Ireland
1.20
69.25 -1
30.38 -1
47.41
40.12
50.80
30.68
717 -1
-1
43.88
-1
57.16 -8
43.00
126
882
304
51.8
-1
3.9
78.4
-1
91.7 -1
88.5
-1
77.4 -1
3.0
76.6
-1
87.0 -1
1.04
2.8
Denmark Finland
1.02
-2
22.7
-2
France
0.76
-1
5.8
-2
Germany
0.31
-1
0.5
-1
Greece
0.42
-1
0.1
-1
Hungary
1.48
-1
0.0
-1
Iceland
0.42
-1
0.0
-1
Ireland
0.65
-1
3.9
-1
Italy
1.3
98.2
0.70
-1
5.1
-2
Japan*
588
76.7
2.99
4.7
94.7
0.83
-1
12.6
-2
Korea
-1
1 055
87.8
2.17
2.5
-1
89.2
-1
0.30
-1
..
34.70
-1
42
2.6
-1
96.7
-1
0.23
-2
0.0
-2
Mexico
51.06
-1
3.4
-1
81.6
-1
0.69
18.07
74.81
924
Korea
2.85
23.14
74.96
Luxembourg
1.75
11.16
-1
80.39
Mexico
0.43
56.11
-1
36.23
-1
589
-1
34.6 57.8
-1
0.23 1.54
-1
76.1
-1
0.7
3.13
3.13
47.3
-1
3.7 4.2
1.07
64.6 -1
2.47
-1
5.9 -1
0.57 -1
95.3
0.72
75.2
Japan*
1.78
-1
0.27
-1
14.1
1.11
Netherlands
-1
85.6
0.76
Italy
-1
30.1 41.1
436 -8
2.51
70.4 -1
142
37.10
32.20 -1
-1
67.05 -1
51.81 -1
50.78
-1
Austria*
-1
Czech Republic
-1
Australia*
0.58
Canada*
59.88
-1
0.0
-1
-1
5.6
1.5
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
1.14
45.06
-1
38.47
-1
270
10.0
-1
76.2
-1
0.50
-7
0.7
-7
New Zealand
Norway
1.61
-1
41.91
-1
49.23
-1
657
54.8
1.30
10.4
-1
80.7
-1
0.71
-1
6.5
-1
Norway
Poland
0.58
65.23
72
28.7
0.24
16.9
0.33
-2
5.0
-2
Poland
Portugal
0.78
Slovak Republic
0.53
57.11
38.29
72
49.2
0.35
27.0
Spain
1.07
41.01
48.04
276
54.4
0.82
12.5
Sweden
3.95
Switzerland
2.94
-1
-1
60.11
23.45
26.91 -1
-1
22.71
31.73
64.97
-1
-1
69.73
-1
-1
1 020
43.85
-1
74.1
-1
-1
73.7
558
-1
0.42
4.64
-1
-1
-1
3.21 0.23
65.7
-1
1.70
5.9
-1
-1
1.5
-1
0.80
0.5
70.8
0.32
5.0
82.1
0.85
85.9
-1
90.9
10.9
-1
0.88 0.76
31.8
1 063
70.1
2.69
10.7
89.3
1.00
G7
2.50
29.57
62.75
841
68.9
2.44
8.1
89.0
0.91
-2
EU-15*
1.90
-1
34.32
-1
54.27
-1
528
-1
64.1
-1
1.76
8.3
-1
81.1
-1
0.79
EU*
1.81
-1
35.04
-1
53.66
-1
459
-1
63.3
-1
1.65
8.4
-1
81.0
-1
0.75
OECD total*
2.26
30.17
61.93
627
67.9
2.17
7.7
88.8
0.82
Brazil
0.91
57.88
39.88
75
40.2
..
0.8
99.2
0.53
1.2
China*
1.23
26.63
65.67
72
66.8
..
4.8
90.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.15
60.63
31.39
116
69.1
1.18
53.0
35.61
48.62
98
56.3
0.69
6.4
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
0.71
-2
63.68
0.87
-1
0.4
30.95
South Africa
..
63.1
38.0 -1
83.9
-1
Portugal Slovak Republic -1
Spain
-2
Switzerland
16.9 -2
2.68
Russian Federation
94.3
-2
16.3
United States*
25.3
2.9
-2
-1
-1
-2
-2
89.2
0.66
22
28.7
-2
5.3
79.8
1.88
..
43
-2
0.65
United Kingdom
..
41.28
-2
33.2
-1
Turkey
0.78
31.36
1 166
-1
42.5
-2
India*
50.57
-2
138
-1
Sweden
..
Turkey -2
United Kingdom
30.7
-2
G7
-2
13.7
-2
EU-15*
-2
13.4
-2
EU*
-2
32.2
-2
OECD total*
57.0
0.63
52.1
..
..
United States*
Brazil China* India* -3
Russian Federation South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/343068067421 Sources: Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006. National sources: Brazil: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) India: National Science & Technology Management Information System, Department of Science & Technology 41
42
Science and technology > Research and development (II), 2004* Researchers
% of business expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in
High-tech industries
Per 1 000 total employment
% of GERD
% of GDP
73 344
-2
7.8
-2
26.7
-2
0.44
-2
..
24 124
-2
5.8
-2
27.0
-2
0.57
-2
Belgium
38.8
23.5
16.1
17.8
31 880
Canada
37.5
9.5
11.3
37.9
112 624
Czech Republic
11.5
40.8
9.0
36.9
16 300
Denmark
37.9
17.4
10.2
33.3
Finland
55.2
16.2
11.7
14.5
France
44.7
Germany
30.6
53.4
7.1
Greece
..
..
Hungary
..
..
-1
30.0
-1
15.6
35.4
0.70
Canada
0.19
Czech Republic
26 167
9.5
24.4
0.61
Denmark
41 004
17.3
19.8
0.69
Finland France
7.7
-1
19.1
0.41
8.3
268 942
-1
6.9
-1
16.3
0.41
..
..
15 390
-1
3.9
-1
48.1
..
..
14 904
..
..
..
..
1 917
38.2
13.6
9.1
38.7
10 910
34.8 38.0
Korea*
53.0
30.7 -1
39.0 26.1
9.3 -1
11.9 8.9
24.4 -1
9.1 6.9
70 332 -1
3.8 -1
-1
33.9
-1
0.62
-1
0.33 -1
0.37
Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
-1
Italy Japan
156 220
6.9
9.9
0.28
Korea*
..
..
..
2 149
..
..
..
33 484
-1
37 282
-1
18.3
-1
0.22
0.42
..
9.4
21.3 27.6
Germany -1
13.4
..
28.5
..
0.30
10.4
Mexico
39.4
24.6
5.8 2.9
-1
677 206
Luxembourg
Netherlands
-2
Austria Belgium
14.8
Ireland
Japan
7.2
0.43
Australia
3.4
Iceland
Italy
-2
22.6
-1
9.4
-1
7.7
192 790
11.6
-1
41.1
-1
Full-time equivalent
..
17.9
-1
Service industries
..
12.1
-1
Medium low-tech and low-tech industries
..
Australia Austria
-1
Medium high-tech industries
Higher education expenditure on R&D (HERD)
(national totals)
7.1
1.2
0.8
-1
37.9
4.5
-1
27.9
0.02 -1
0.16 0.50
Luxembourg -1
Mexico Netherlands
..
..
..
..
15 568
-1
10.2
-1
28.5
Norway
15.6
16.0
17.8
35.3
20 989
-1
9.2
-1
29.7
Poland
New Zealand
19.4
30.6
13.5
24.7
60 944
Portugal
..
..
..
..
20 242
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
10 718
Spain
24.7
Sweden
51.4
Switzerland
26.9 -1
..
30.0
17.1 -1
6.5
..
25.6 -1
..
10.4
4.6 -1
..
47 836 25 400
11.0 6.1
22.0
0.30
Poland -1
22.9
0.87
Portugal Slovak Republic
0.32 -1
New Zealand Norway
0.11
29.5 -1
-1
0.19 -1
20.1
5.5 -1
38.4
0.33 0.48
32.0 -1
5.2
100 994 -1
4.0
-1
Spain -1
0.67
Sweden Switzerland
..
..
..
..
23 995
-2
1.1
-2
64.3
-2
0.43
-2
United Kingdom
47.9
21.6
7.1
21.1
157 662
-6
5.5
-6
21.4
-1
0.40
-1
United States*
40.3
-1
16.6
-1
6.4
-1
36.1
-1
1 334 628
-2
9.6
-2
13.6
G7*
39.2
-1
26.5
-1
8.2
-1
24.8
-1
2 801 419
-2
7.7
-2
15.9
EU-15*
38.7
-1
34.9
-1
9.2
-1
15.0
-1
1 061 539
-1
6.1
-1
22.0
-1
5.9
-1
22.1
-1
6.9
-2
17.1
0.39
OECD total*
38.4
0.35
Brazil
Turkey
EU*
..
..
..
..
1 178 116
-1
OECD total*
..
..
..
..
3 559 133
-2
Brazil
..
..
..
..
86 753
China
26.7
India*
..
..
..
..
10.4
6.9
3.2
71.5
-1
477 647
7.1
30.2
-1
17 910
1.6
Russian Federation South Africa
..
-4
31.1
-4
22.7
..
..
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
..
Not available or not applicable.
-n
Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
-4
6.6
-4
1.0
926 252 92 500
1.2 -2
0.2
0.36
4.2
G7*
0.42
-1
EU-15*
0.40
-1
EU*
0.13 -2
United Kingdom United States*
0.40
10.2 -2
Turkey
0.03
China -2
India*
5.5
0.06
Russian Federation
21.1
0.18
South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/342112457631 Sources: Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006; Research and Development Expenditure in Industry, OECD, Paris, 2006. National sources: Brazil: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) India: National Science & Technology Management Information System, Department of Science & Technology 43
44
Science and technology > Patents and Trade in technology Technology balance of payments
Patenting activity
Triadic patent families*
Million USD, 2004*
Payments
Receipts Australia Austria
2003
2002
2002
2004
2004
2004
2004
19.4
296
100
22
23
0.9
0.4
Australia
2 429.7
-4
2 425.8
-4
3.9
-4
276
1 291
27.4
278
35
89
108
1.9
1.2
Austria
454
1 268
33.5
326
67
94
121
5.1
3.9
Belgium
710
1 670
29.2
689
139
59
90
4.4
2.1
Canada
15
104
38.5
13
1
84
116
1.2
0.8
Czech Republic
6 294.0 -3
224.6
5 188.3
-5
437.1 -3
1 055.3
-3
3 233.5
-5
-3
..
602.0
-5
1 954.8
-3
- 65.8
.. 503.7
-3
110.5
25 399.7
-5
840.1 - 426.9
1 834.0
.. 216.1
881.5 651.5
25 333.9
.. -5
..
- 287.6
-5
..
200
965
21.2
220
100
111
95
1.2
1.0
Denmark
634
1 224
14.8
713
25
137
99
1.1
1.0
Finland
2 356
7 745
16.2
2 319
271
105
115
7.1
6.6
7 111
21 689
12.2
5 287
801
111
205
15.3
12.6
France Germany
9
82
31.5
18
8
18
15
0.2
0.1
23
120
32.1
22
5
115
96
1.0
1.4
Greece Hungary
8
32
46.9
7
9
36
10
0.0
0.0
Iceland
..
..
..
59
205
38.4
92
7
234
192
1.8
4.0
Ireland
3 861.5
4 069.7
- 208.2
844
4 246
9.2
691
78
66
118
6.1
2.7
Italy
13 564
20 590
3.4
8 615
815
151
384
9.8
11.4
747
3 029
5.3
1 262
57
176
152
4.6
6.8
Korea
19
86
62.0
10
1
47
58
0.2
0.1
Luxembourg
Japan
16 354.4
Korea
816.4
Luxembourg
2003
High-tech manufacturing industries*
969
1 657.3
Italy
High-tech industries*
431
1 944.5
Ireland
Biotechnology
-6
Finland
Iceland
ICT
- 121.9
Denmark
Hungary
Total
-6
6 731.1
Greece
% of total OECD
Medium highAll manufacturing tech industries industries*
224.9
1 721.6
Germany
Exports as % of imports
% of which foreign coinventors
-6
Canada
France
Export market shares
103.0
Belgium
Czech Republic
2003
Balance
Applications to the EPO*
Trade coverage ratios
2 767.7
5 246.6 -3
3 237.3 915.1
11 107.8 -3
-2 420.9 1 852.6
-3
Japan
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway
43.8
555.5
- 511.7
16
52
48.5
11
3
98
97
2.9
3.4
Mexico
..
..
..
1 019
3 376
17.3
1 683
150
103
121
4.7
6.1
Netherlands
53
216
24.3
40
22
23
26
0.3
0.1
New Zealand
113
316
28.6
113
28
45
37
0.5
0.3
Norway
11
101
41.9
15
5
36
81
1.3
0.3
Poland
6
56
24.4
3
2
46
61
0.6
0.3
Portugal Slovak Republic
7.9 1 973.2
Poland
246.3
Portugal
538.9
Slovak Republic Spain
-5
3.7
-5
1 506.5 -2
1 044.6
4.2
-5
466.7 -2
881.6
- 798.3
-2
- 342.7
30.4
-3
64.9
-3
- 34.4
-3
2
22
50.0
4
4
52
113
0.5
0.2
190.9
-6
1 025.4
-6
- 834.5
-6
115
930
19.5
180
42
46
78
3.0
1.3
Spain
..
..
..
809
1 873
15.2
602
94
136
135
2.2
1.9
Sweden
6 429.4
6 829.1
- 399.7
895
2 664
32.2
614
102
165
125
2.1
3.4
Switzerland
..
..
..
7
73
20.0
5
1
31
44
1.1
0.3
Turkey
United Kingdom
28 195.8
12 107.7
16 088.1
2 024
5 159
22.2
1 835
333
87
82
5.6
7.2
United Kingdom
United States
Sweden Switzerland Turkey
52 643.0
23 901.0
28 742.0
19 222
30 447
11.5
11 159
2 401
78
66
13.3
19.2
Brazil
..
..
..
35
168
28.0
21
11
45
88
..
..
Brazil
China
..
..
..
177
743
27.2
250
49
106
68
..
..
China
87
501
27.5
68
30
32
66
..
..
India
56
191
48.5
46
14
27
53
..
..
Russian Federation
38
128
16.0
26
5
12
70
..
..
South Africa
India
..
Russian Federation South Africa
236.4 ..
.. -1
659.3 ..
.. -1
- 423.0 ..
-1
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
United States
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/205468352350 Sources: Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006; STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics, STAN indicators; OECD Patent database, 2006. COMTRADE Database, UN, 2006.
45
46
Environment > Resources, latest available year* Forest
Land Total area
Major protected areas*
Thousand km² % of total area
Nitrogenous Pesticides use Wooded area fertilisers use t / km² of agricultural land
t / km² of agricultural land
% of land area
Water
Threatened species
Use of forest resources Harvest / annual growth
Mammals % of known species
Birds
Water withdrawal
Total fish catches
Public waste water plants
% of known species
% of gross annual availability
% of world catches
% of population connected
7 713
18.5
0.2
0.01
21
0.6
25
13
6
0.2
..
Austria
84
28.0
3.5
0.09
42
0.7
22
27
4
-
86
Belgium
31
3.4
10.8
0.69
22
0.9
31
28
33
-
46
Belgium
9 971
8.7
2.7
0.06
45
0.4
32
13
2
1.2
72
Canada
Czech Republic
79
15.8
6.8
0.10
34
0.7
19
50
12
-
70
Czech Republic
Denmark*
43
11.1
7.6
0.11
13
0.7
22
13
4
1.4
89
Denmark*
Finland
338
9.1
6.0
0.06
76
0.7
12
13
2
0.2
81
Finland
France
549
13.3
7.5
0.27
32
0.6
19
19
18
0.7
79
France
Germany
357
31.5
10.5
0.17
30
0.5
42
27
20
0.3
92
Germany
Greece
132
5.2
3.0
0.14
23
0.6
38
2
12
0.1
56
Greece
93
8.9
6.2
0.14
19
0.5
71
19
5
-
32
Hungary
103
9.5
0.5
-
1
-
-
44
-
2.2
50
Iceland Ireland
Australia*
Canada
Hungary Iceland
Australia* Austria
70
1.2
8.1
0.05
9
0.7
2
5
2
0.3
73
Italy
301
19.0
6.0
0.58
23
0.5
41
18
24
0.3
69
Italy
Japan
378
17.0
8.8
1.24
69
0.4
24
13
20
5.0
64
Japan
Korea
100
9.6
18.9
1.20
64
0.1
18
13
36
1.9
78
Korea
3
17.1
-
0.33
34
0.5
52
50
4
-
95
Luxembourg
Ireland
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands
1 958
9.2
1.1
0.04
34
0.2
34
17
15
1.6
25
Mexico
42
18.9
14.6
0.41
10
0.6
19
21
10
0.5
98
Netherlands
New Zealand
270
32.4
2.1
0.02
35
..
15
25
2
0.6
80
New Zealand
Norway*
324
6.4
9.6
0.08
39
0.5
3
8
1
2.9
73
Norway*
Poland
313
29.0
4.5
0.06
30
0.6
14
9
19
0.2
55
Poland
92
8.5
2.6
0.40
37
0.8
18
14
15
0.2
41
Portugal Slovak Republic
Portugal Slovak Republic
49
25.2
3.6
0.16
42
0.5
22
14
1
-
53
Spain
506
9.5
3.6
0.14
33
0.5
26
26
35
1.0
55
Spain
Sweden
450
9.5
6.0
0.05
74
0.7
22
19
2
0.3
86
Sweden
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom* United States G7 EU-15 OECD total*
41
28.7
3.5
0.10
31
0.8
33
36
5
-
97
Switzerland
779
4.3
3.1
0.06
27
0.5
22
31
17
0.6
17
Turkey United Kingdom*
245
30.1
6.8
0.20
12
0.6
6
15
21
0.7
95
9 629
25.1
2.6
0.08
33
0.6
19
12
19
5.4
71
United States
21 430
17.1
3.4
0.12
39
0.5
..
..
12
13.5
74
G7
3 242
15.1
6.4
0.23
38
0.6
..
..
18
6.2
78
EU-15
35 042
16.4
2.2
0.07
34
0.6
..
..
11
27.9
64
OECD total*
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -
Not available or not applicable. Nil or negligible.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/516480674203 Sources: OECD Environmental Data Compendium 2004, OECD, Paris, 2005; Environment at a Glance: OECD Environmental Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006.
47
48
Environment > Emissions and pollution, latest available year* Waste
Air Sulphur oxides % change since 1990
kg / capita
Australia* Austria*
Nitogen oxides
kg / capita
Environment R&D budget*
Quantity generated
% change since 1990
Industrial waste per unit of GDP*
Municipal waste
Nuclear waste per unit of energy*
t / million USD
kg / capita
t / Mtoe
as % of total government R&D budget
127
59
84
29
..
450
-
1.6
Australia*
4
- 55
25
-3
..
550
-
1.7
Austria*
Belgium
22
- 88
32
- 40
50
470
1.9
2.3
Belgium
Canada*
76
- 27
78
-6
..
380
4.0
4.5
Canada*
Czech Republic
15
- 58
26
- 24
50
280
1.4
4.0
Czech Republic
5
- 86
36
- 31
20
670
-
1.9
Denmark
Denmark Finland
16
- 64
41
- 32
130
450
1.9
2.0
Finland
France*
9
- 60
23
- 29
70
540
4.1
2.9
France*
7
- 89
17
- 48
20
640
1.4
3.1
Germany
Greece
46
4
29
11
..
430
-
3.7
Greece
Hungary
35
- 64
18
- 24
20
460
1.8
..
Iceland
35
22
90
-2
-
730
-
0.3
Iceland
Ireland
25
- 48
31
5
60
750
-
1.7
Ireland
Italy
11
- 63
22
- 34
20
520
-
2.3
Italy
7
- 14
16
-2
40
410
1.6
0.9
Japan*
10
- 46
24
47
40
390
3.0
4.0
7
- 80
38
- 27
..
660
-
..
12
..
12
18
..
320
0.1
1.0
Germany
Japan* Korea Luxembourg Mexico
Hungary
Korea Luxembourg Mexico
Netherlands
5
- 58
27
- 28
40
600
0.1
3.2
19
39
39
16
10
400
-
..
5
- 58
47
-5
20
700
-
2.4
Poland
38
- 55
21
- 38
140
260
-
..
Portugal
28
-9
28
13
50
450
-
3.4
Portugal
Slovak Republic
19
- 81
19
- 53
40
300
3.1
1.5
Slovak Republic
Spain
37
- 29
35
14
20
640
1.5
3.7
Spain
Sweden
6
- 45
27
- 25
90
470
3.8
1.5
Sweden
Switzerland*
2
- 60
11
- 46
10
660
2.1
0.2
Turkey
31
33
14
48
30
360
-
..
United Kingdom
17
- 73
27
- 43
30
620
4.0
1.9
United States*
49
- 31
64
- 19
..
740
1.1
0.5
G7
29
- 45
41
- 22
60
630
1.7
..
G7
EU-15
15
- 65
24
- 31
40
580
2.0
..
EU-15
OECD total
28
- 40
34
- 17
60
550
1.5
..
OECD total
New Zealand* Norway
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -
Not available or not applicable. Nil or negligible.
Netherlands New Zealand* Norway Poland
Switzerland* Turkey United Kingdom United States*
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/176152738814 Sources: OECD Environmental Data Compendium 2004, OECD, Paris, 2005; Environment at a Glance: OECD Environmental Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006.
49
50
Environment > CO2 emissions, 2004 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion1 Total, million % change tonnes of 2004/1990 CO2
By type of fuel
By sector
Million tonnes of CO2
Million tonnes of CO2
Coal
Oil
Gas
2
Others
Electricity and heat
Industry
Transport
Residential
Other
CO2 / GDP
CO2 / capita
kg per 2000 USD
tonnes per capita
354.4
36.4
195.5
107.0
51.1
0.7
201.2
40.5
78.2
7.6
26.8
0.78
17.53
Austria
75.1
30.6
16.1
39.8
17.3
1.9
17.1
15.6
21.9
9.6
10.9
0.37
9.19
Austria
Belgium
116.1
6.9
22.1
58.1
33.9
2.0
25.5
28.0
27.0
20.6
15.0
0.47
11.14
Belgium
Australia
Australia
Canada
550.9
28.5
110.7
268.8
171.3
0.0
127.4
96.0
157.3
40.9
129.2
0.70
17.24
Canada
Czech Republic
118.8
- 22.8
76.1
24.1
18.0
0.6
62.4
22.6
17.6
7.7
8.6
1.89
11.64
Czech Republic
Denmark
50.9
0.5
17.1
22.1
10.9
0.9
23.6
5.4
13.1
3.7
5.2
0.31
9.42
Finland
68.9
25.2
30.8
27.8
9.1
1.2
34.0
12.9
13.2
2.8
6.0
0.52
13.18
Finland
France
386.9
8.9
48.9
242.1
91.1
4.8
49.9
83.1
135.8
73.5
44.6
0.27
6.22
France
Germany
Denmark
848.6
- 12.2
351.3
304.1
185.0
8.2
354.5
124.4
161.7
122.4
85.5
0.43
10.29
Greece
93.9
33.0
38.3
50.3
5.1
0.2
46.3
9.4
21.6
9.6
6.9
0.70
8.49
Greece
Hungary
56.8
- 19.5
14.1
16.7
26.0
0.1
19.9
7.7
11.0
9.9
8.4
1.03
5.62
Hungary
Iceland
2.3
18.9
0.4
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.24
7.72
Iceland
Ireland
41.4
37.0
8.8
24.2
8.3
0.0
14.4
4.3
11.9
6.5
4.2
0.35
10.20
Ireland
Italy
Germany
462.3
16.1
63.1
231.9
152.4
14.9
157.1
85.3
120.1
57.9
41.9
0.41
7.95
Japan
1 215.0
14.8
414.0
623.3
173.8
3.9
457.5
277.2
252.8
63.2
164.2
0.25
9.52
Japan
Korea
462.1
104.6
185.8
211.5
60.0
4.9
185.2
84.2
97.9
30.8
64.0
0.75
9.61
Korea
Luxembourg
11.3
7.0
0.4
8.0
2.8
0.1
1.3
1.5
6.8
1.5
0.1
0.51
24.94
Mexico
373.7
27.5
28.5
249.9
95.3
0.0
117.0
60.2
123.7
21.7
51.0
0.60
3.59
Netherlands
185.7
17.5
31.9
66.4
84.2
3.2
59.7
38.1
34.8
18.7
34.4
0.47
11.41
Italy
Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands
New Zealand
32.8
49.5
7.4
18.1
7.2
0.0
6.9
7.3
14.5
0.5
3.5
0.53
8.04
Norway
36.3
26.5
3.5
22.7
9.6
0.5
0.8
8.1
13.7
0.9
12.8
0.20
7.91
Norway
296.1
- 15.3
210.0
58.4
25.6
2.2
165.3
41.5
32.5
27.6
29.1
1.59
7.75
Poland
Poland
New Zealand
Portugal
60.3
52.3
12.9
39.3
7.7
0.5
21.6
10.1
20.2
2.5
5.9
0.56
5.73
Portugal
Slovak Republic
37.7
- 33.9
16.9
8.6
12.0
0.2
11.2
9.7
6.0
3.9
6.9
1.55
7.00
Slovak Republic Spain
Spain
329.8
59.0
80.0
192.1
56.9
0.7
106.1
66.1
106.9
20.6
30.1
0.50
7.72
Sweden
52.2
0.6
10.0
38.5
1.8
1.8
10.3
11.5
22.5
1.7
6.2
0.20
5.80
Sweden
Switzerland
44.6
7.9
0.5
34.7
6.3
3.1
1.7
7.1
16.2
11.9
7.7
0.18
5.95
Switzerland
Turkey
209.5
62.9
85.9
80.2
43.3
0.0
72.0
55.6
36.6
26.0
19.2
0.91
2.92
Turkey
United Kingdom
537.1
- 3.7
142.8
191.7
201.8
0.9
195.6
66.4
128.3
84.4
62.5
0.34
8.98
United Kingdom
United States
5 800.0
19.8
2 109.8
2 447.9
1 211.7
30.5
2 426.1
676.7
1 791.4
356.0
549.8
0.54
19.73
United States
G7
9 800.7
13.9
3 240.7
4 309.6
2 187.2
63.3
3 768.1
1 409.2
2 747.4
798.4
1 077.6
0.44
13.68
G7
EU-15
3 320.5
6.5
874.6
1 536.3
868.2
41.3
1 117.0
562.3
845.9
436.0
359.3
0.39
8.60
12 911.2
16.5
4 333.7
5 709.9
2 779.5
88.1
4 971.8
1 957.5
3 495.9
1 044.8
1 441.2
0.47
11.09
OECD total
EU-15 OECD total
Brazil
323.3
67.8
50.1
237.7
35.5
..
33.1
96.4
135.8
15.8
42.1
0.49
1.76
Brazil
China
4 732.3
109.8
3 873.6
770.3
88.4
..
2 327.7
1 440.8
302.2
240.5
421.1
2.76
3.65
China India
India
1 102.8
87.5
734.2
314.4
54.2
..
628.8
236.1
98.1
95.9
43.9
1.90
1.02
Russian Federation
1 528.8
- 24.8
417.5
322.6
772.2
16.5
866.0
199.7
208.4
132.1
122.5
4.65
10.63
343.4
34.8
285.4
58.0
..
..
209.9
62.9
41.5
13.6
15.5
2.28
7.55
South Africa
Russian Federation South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/267837858535 1.
2.
CO2 emissions are calculated using the IEA energy balances, the IPCC Sectoral Approach and the default emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories . They may differ from National Communications submitted by the Parties to the UNFCCC. Includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
Sources: CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, IEA, Paris, 2006; Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006; Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2006; Main Economic Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006.
.. Not available or not applicable. Figures in italics are provisional. 51
52
Education > Expenditure, 2002* Expenditure on educational institutions Public and private
Public
% of GDP
% of GDP
USD using PPPs*
Private
1995 = 100
Index of change in annual expenditure per student
Annual expenditure per student
% of GDP
Primary education
Secondary education
Tertiary education
Primary and secondary education
Tertiary education
1995 = 100
1995 = 100
Teachers' salaries in public lower-secondary education after 15 years of experience USD using PPPs, 2003* Annual statutory salary
Salary per statutory teaching hour
Australia
5.97
4.44
129
1.53
5 169
7 375
12 416
132
93
42 078
51
Australia
Austria
5.67
5.42
109
0.26
7 015
8 887
12 448
..
118
34 666
56
Austria
Belgium*
6.36
6.05
..
0.31
5 665
8 272
12 019
..
..
..
..
Belgium*
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Canada
Czech Republic
4.43
4.19
106
0.24
2 077
3 628
6 236
100
69
18 265
30
Czech Republic
Denmark*
7.11
6.83
132
0.28
7 727
8 003
15 183
118
129
37 076
58
Denmark*
Finland*
6.00
5.89
123
0.11
5 087
7 121
11 768
115
104
36 444
61
Finland*
France
6.07
5.69
115
0.38
5 033
8 472
9 276
118
117
33 540
54
France
Germany
5.33
4.44
109
0.89
4 537
7 025
10 999
104
110
48 804
66
Germany
Greece*
4.06
3.88
174
0.19
3 803
4 058
4 731
156
134
28 006
45
Greece*
Hungary*
5.58
5.01
134
0.57
3 016
3 184
8 205
129
100
14 923
27
Hungary*
Iceland*
7.37
6.77
..
0.60
7 171
7 229
8 251
..
..
21 692
33
Iceland*
Ireland
4.38
4.10
156
0.29
4 180
5 725
9 809
152
129
40 514
55
Ireland
Italy*
4.91
4.59
107
0.32
7 231
7 568
8 636
106
121
31 304
53
Italy*
Japan*
4.69
3.50
109
1.20
6 117
6 952
11 716
125
118
45 515
85
Japan*
Korea
7.06
4.18
..
2.88
3 553
5 882
6 047
..
..
46 518
83
Korea
..
..
..
..
10 611
15 195
..
..
..
80 520
125
Canada
Luxembourg*
Luxembourg*
Mexico
6.26
5.12
145
1.14
1 467
1 768
6 074
121
121
21 242
20
Mexico
Netherlands
5.09
4.64
128
0.45
5 558
6 823
13 101
131
103
43 054
57
Netherlands
New Zealand
6.77
5.58
142
1.19
4 536
5 698
..
..
..
35 078
36
New Zealand
Norway*
6.93
6.66
121
0.26
7 508
10 154
13 739
105
105
35 541
54
Norway*
Poland*
6.13
5.46
135
0.66
2 585
..
4 834
165
84
9 462
15
Poland*
Portugal*
5.80
5.71
134
0.09
4 940
6 921
6 960
170
102
33 815
54
Portugal*
Slovak Republic*
4.21
4.01
114
0.20
1 471
2 193
4 756
127
84
7 309
11
Slovak Republic*
Spain*
4.89
4.34
121
0.54
4 592
6 010
8 020
134
132
39 019
69
Spain*
Sweden
6.86
6.69
111
0.18
7 143
7 400
15 715
96
85
29 617
..
Sweden
Switzerland*
6.23
5.70
120
0.53
7 776
11 900
23 714
106
141
58 520
..
Switzerland*
Turkey*
3.82
3.39
176
0.43
..
..
..
148
174
..
..
Turkey*
United Kingdom*
5.90
4.99
127
0.91
5 150
6 505
11 822
112
100
..
..
United Kingdom*
United States*
7.23
5.33
..
1.89
8 049
9 098
20 545
122
..
43 999
39
United States*
OECD average
5.75
5.09
..
..
5 313
7 002
10 655
..
..
35 251
51
OECD average
Brazil*
.. 4.77
India Russian Federation*
..
-1
4.00
-1
129
-1
..
3.40
-1
205
-1
1.40
3.70
..
-1
842
-1
944
-1
10 361
-1
104
-1
88
-1
14 380
..
Brazil*
396
-1
712
-1
2 486
-1
146
-1
150
-1
21 340
..
India
..
..
Russian Federation*
..
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
..
904
..
..
..
-1
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/408211164184 Sources: Education at a Glance - OECD Indicators 2005, OECD, Paris, 2005. www.oecd.org/edu/eag2005.
53
54
Education > Performance, 2003* Student performance on the combined reading, scientific and mathematical literacy scales, mean score, 2003*
Reading
Maths
Science
% educational attainment of adult population and current graduation rates Upper secondary or higher, 25-64 year-olds*
First-time Current upper Tertiary-type A tertiary-type A secondary attainment, 25- (ISCED 5A) graduation 64 year-olds graduation rate rate
% unemployment ratio at Index of earning differentials, tertiary-type A attainment level tertiary-type A to upper(25-64 years old)* secondary (25-64 years old)*
Women
Australia
525.4
524.3
525.1
62.5
..
20.5
49.0
158
Austria
490.7
505.6
491.0
78.6
..
7.3
19.0
..
Men -2
Women
151
-2
..
Men
2.2
2.9
Australia
2.2
1.9
Austria
4.2
3.6
Belgium
5.2
5.5
Canada
2.3
1.7
Czech Republic*
Belgium
507.0
529.3
508.8
62.0
..
13.0
..
147
Canada
527.9
532.5
518.7
83.6
..
22.0
..
162
Czech Republic*
488.5
516.5
523.3
86.4
88.1
11.7
17.0
..
Denmark
492.3
514.3
475.2
80.5
85.8
-1
25.0
42.2
-1
125
-1
138
-1
4.8
4.1
Denmark
Finland
543.5
544.3
548.2
75.9
84.3
-1
16.4
48.7
-1
171
-1
188
-1
3.8
3.3
Finland
France
496.2
510.8
511.2
64.9
80.9
14.2
26.7
157
-1
178
-1
7.5
6.7
France
Germany
491.4
503.0
502.3
83.4
96.9
14.1
19.5
155
160
5.4
4.5
Germany
Greece
472.3
444.9
481.0
51.1
95.9
12.6
..
..
..
7.6
3.7
Greece
Hungary*
481.9
490.0
503.3
74.1
87.4
15.3
35.2
208
274
1.5
1.3
Iceland
491.7
515.1
494.7
59.0
78.7
19.9
43.1
..
Ireland*
515.5
502.8
505.4
61.6
Italy
475.7
Japan
498.1
465.7
486.5
44.4
534.1
547.6
83.9
Korea
534.1
Luxembourg
479.4
542.2
538.4
493.2
482.8
Mexico
399.7
385.2
404.9
-1
90.7 -1
80.8
-1
16.3 -1
10.4
36.8 -1
26.7
-1
146 -1
162
-1
..
..
1.8
181
-3
143
-3
147
-1
162
-1
91.1
20.9
34.2
..
73.2
..
21.7
..
201
59.1
70.6
6.1
..
146
21.5
36.0
13.6
..
..
.. 138 -1
171 ..
-1
-1
2.3 7.2
1.2
Hungary* -1
2.4 -1
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.6
2.7
..
..
2.5
2.8
Iceland Ireland*
-1
Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico
-1
-1
-1
513.1
537.8
524.4
66.5
..
21.9
..
..
..
2.4
New Zealand
521.6
523.5
520.9
77.5
..
16.1
..
153
155
3.1
Norway
499.7
495.2
484.2
87.4
91.7
28.5
39.8
141
2.3
2.6
Norway
Poland
496.6
490.2
497.8
48.3
85.6
14.2
44.1
..
..
6.7
6.6
Poland
Portugal*
477.6
466.0
467.7
22.6
..
8.4
..
..
..
5.5
..
Slovak Republic*
469.2
498.2
494.9
86.7
56.5
11.2
25.2
..
..
3.7
3.5
Spain
480.5
485.1
487.1
42.8
66.9
17.9
32.1
136
9.2
5.6
Spain
Sweden
514.3
509.0
506.1
82.2
75.9
18.5
35.4
140
155
2.6
4.7
Sweden
Switzerland
499.1
526.6
513.0
69.7
90.1
17.5
21.6
164
149
3.4
3.7
Switzerland
Turkey
441.0
423.4
434.2
26.5
40.8
9.7
10.5
..
..
9.4
5.8
Turkey
..
..
..
65.1
..
19.3
38.2
200
162
2.0
2.7
United Kingdom*
United Kingdom*
-1
-2
139
157
-1
-2
2.1
-1
Netherlands
3.5
Netherlands New Zealand
Portugal* Slovak Republic*
United States
495.2
482.9
491.3
87.5
73.3
29.4
32.9
184
198
2.8
3.2
United States
OECD average
494.2
500.0
499.6
65.6
78.5
16.5
32.2
..
..
4.1
3.6
OECD average
Brazil
402.8
356.0
389.6
29.5
China
..
..
..
India Russian Federation
..
..
..
442.2
468.4
493.9
-1
62.0
-1
8.2
30.9 21.2 87.8
76.7
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
20.5
-1
..
..
..
..
..
Brazil
..
..
..
..
..
China
..
..
..
..
..
India
..
..
..
..
..
Russian Federation
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/116225736284 Sources: Education at a Glance - OECD Indicators 2005, OECD, Paris, 2005. www.oecd.org/edu/eag2005; Learning for Tomorrow's World - First results from PISA 2004, OECD, Paris, 2004. www.pisa.oecd.org.
55
56
Public finance > Agriculture: support estimates, 2005 Consumer support estimate*
Producer support estimate*
% of value of consumption expenditure on commodities domestically produced
Total in billion USD % of value of total gross farm receipts 2005
2004
Total support estimate*
Total in billion USD
2005
2004
% of GDP
5
1.5
1.4
-2
- 0.2
- 0.2
0.3
Australia
21
6.0
5.7
- 14
- 2.7
- 2.5
0.7
Canada
Czech Republic
..
..
1.2
-1
..
..
- 0.6
-1
..
Czech Republic
Hungary
..
..
1.7
-1
..
..
- 0.8
-1
..
Hungary
Iceland
67
0.2
0.2
- 49
- 0.1
- 0.1
1.6
Iceland
Japan
56
47.4
49.4
- 48
- 56.2
- 59.9
1.3
Japan
Korea
63
23.3
20.7
- 61
- 27.9
- 21.6
3.4
Korea
Mexico
14
5.5
4.4
-8
- 2.9
- 2.2
0.9
Mexico
Australia Canada
New Zealand
3
0.3
0.2
-9
- 0.2
- 0.2
0.4
New Zealand
64
2.9
2.9
- 49
- 1.4
- 1.4
1.1
Norway
Poland
..
..
1.2
-1
..
..
- 0.9
-1
..
Poland
Slovak Republic
..
..
0.5
-1
..
..
- 0.2
-1
..
Slovak Republic
Norway
Switzerland
68
5.6
5.8
- 54
- 3.6
- 3.9
1.7
Switzerland
Turkey
25
12.3
11.2
- 21
- 9.0
- 7.9
3.8
Turkey
United States
19
42.7
42.9
11
20.6
13.4
0.9
United States
EU-15
32
..
..
- 17
- 52.3
- 63.1
1.1
EU-15
OECD total
279.8
279.6
- 17
- 134.4
- 147.7
1.1
Brazil
29 3
-1
..
..
-1
-1
..
..
0.5
-1
China
8
-2
..
..
-7
-2
..
..
3.7
-2
Russian Federation
1
-2
..
..
-5
-2
..
..
..
Russian Federation
South Africa
5
-2
..
..
..
..
..
South Africa
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
..
OECD total Brazil China
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/736517761268 Sources: Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries: At a Glance, 2006 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2006.
57
58
Public finance > Government sector, 2005 Total general government Total general government General government final consumption expenditure expenditure revenue % of GDP
% of GDP
% of GDP Australia
36.7
Austria
48.2
-1
35.0
-1
49.9
18.3
-1
18.1
Social security transfers
Net saving of general government
% of GDP
% of GDP 8.4
-1
18.8
Net lending of general government % of GDP
2.4
-1
0.6
1.7
-1
- 1.6
Belgium
50.1
Canada
41.2
-1
40.5
-1
19.5
-1
10.2
-1
1.5
-1
0.7
-1
Czech Republic
41.4
-1
44.3
-1
22.5
-1
11.9
-1
- 0.6
-1
- 3.0
-1
Denmark
57.1
50.1
23.1
53.2
16.0
25.9
0.0
16.2
- 0.1
3.6
Australia Austria Belgium
3.9
Canada Czech Republic Denmark
Finland
53.1
50.7
22.5
16.6
2.7
2.4
Finland
France
50.9
53.8
23.7
17.9
- 2.2
- 2.9
France
Germany
43.4
46.7
18.6
19.2
- 2.6
- 3.3
Germany
Greece
41.8
46.2
16.4
16.7
- 1.3
- 4.4
Greece
Hungary
44.5
50.6
23.6
14.8
- 6.0
- 6.2
Hungary
Iceland
47.7
44.5
24.7
9.1
5.7
3.2
Ireland
35.2
Italy
44.0
Japan
31.0
-1
37.3
-1
18.0
-1
11.3
-1
- 5.8
-1
- 6.3
-1
Korea
30.6
-1
28.1
-1
13.5
-1
2.5
-1
8.3
-1
2.5
-1
Luxembourg
41.4
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand
-1
33.7
-1
48.2
15.6 20.3
43.3
17.0
..
..
12.1
45.4
45.7
24.0
40.9
-3
36.7
-1
-3
17.4
9.0
-1
17.1
1.6
-3
10.5
0.4
5.5
Iceland -1
-3
- 1.9
4.2
Japan Korea Luxembourg
-3
- 0.3 -3
Ireland Italy
- 1.9
0.5 -3
1.6 - 4.3
2.6
11.2 -3
-1
- 2.5
14.7 -3
3.8
Mexico Netherlands
-3
New Zealand
Norway
58.8
Poland
40.9
Portugal
41.8
Slovak Republic
37.4
Spain
39.3
Sweden
59.4
Switzerland
35.3
Turkey1
42.6 -1
44.8
20.4 -1
47.7 -1
40.6
-1
20.3
-1
11.9
17.1 -1
10.4
-1
12.1
16.2 -1
- 3.0
-1
- 1.0
- 3.2
- 1.5
..
13.1
..
..
..
United Kingdom
41.9
45.5
22.3
13.4
- 2.0
- 3.6
United States
31.7
36.4
-1
15.8
-1
12.0
-1
- 3.5
-1
- 4.6
Poland Portugal
-1
Slovak Republic Spain
2.8 -2
..
-1
Norway -1
1.1
3.5 -2
- 3.9 - 6.0
3.7
17.4 -2
- 2.1 - 4.8
11.6
27.2 -2
16.8 14.8
17.8
56.6 36.7
13.6 -1
21.1
38.2
-2
18.5
Sweden -2
Switzerland Turkey1 United Kingdom
-1
United States
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/257620173112 1.
According to the 1968 System of National Accounts.
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006.
59
60
Public finance > Taxation, 2003 Tax structures
Total tax receipts
Highest rates of income taxes*
% of gross pay*
% of total tax receipts % of GDP
Personal income tax
Corporate income tax
Employers
Taxes on goods and services
Social security contributions Employees
Disposable income of average production worker*
Other taxes
Personal income tax %
Corporate income tax %
Single person
Married with two children*
Australia
31.6
38.5
16.7
0.0
0.0
29.7
15.1
48.5
30.0
76.3
85.2
Australia
Austria
43.1
23.1
5.1
13.8
15.9
28.2
13.9
42.9
34.0
68.0
83.1
Austria
Belgium
45.4
31.4
7.4
9.9
19.1
24.6
7.5
45.1
34.0
58.0
76.6
Belgium
Canada
33.8
34.6
10.4
6.3
8.6
26.1
14.0
46.4
36.6
75.9
87.5
Canada
Czech Republic
37.7
13.0
12.3
9.9
28.0
29.7
7.2
28.0
31.0
76.7
98.5
Czech Republic
Denmark
48.3
53.1
5.9
2.4
0.1
33.0
5.5
54.3
30.0
57.8
70.5
Denmark
Finland
44.8
31.0
7.7
4.8
20.1
32.0
4.4
51.1
29.0
68.1
76.1
Finland
France
43.4
17.5
5.7
9.5
25.7
25.5
16.0
37.9
35.4
71.1
83.1
France
Germany
35.5
23.9
3.5
17.7
19.9
29.4
5.6
47.5
40.2
58.7
80.1
Germany
Greece
35.7
13.7
9.2
14.4
16.5
35.8
10.4
33.6
35.0
79.8
79.3
Greece
Hungary
38.5
18.9
5.8
6.1
24.1
39.4
5.7
55.9
18.0
67.0
82.5
Hungary
Iceland
39.8
37.6
3.9
0.3
8.3
41.0
9.0
42.0
18.0
74.8
95.5
Iceland
Ireland
29.7
26.5
12.9
4.7
9.2
38.4
8.4
42.0
12.5
84.0
103.7
Italy
43.1
25.1
6.6
5.4
20.6
25.7
16.5
41.4
34.0
73.1
86.5
Italy
Ireland
Japan
25.3
17.5
13.0
16.5
17.6
20.3
15.0
47.1
40.9
81.8
85.8
Japan
Korea
25.3
12.7
15.3
11.7
7.9
37.1
15.4
36.7
29.7
90.9
91.4
Luxembourg
41.3
17.1
19.1
12.4
12.4
28.1
10.9
33.9
30.4
74.7
100.2
Mexico
19.0
26.5
..
16.9
..
52.5
4.1
29.1
34.0
94.5
94.5
Korea Luxembourg Mexico
Netherlands
38.8
17.9
7.6
17.4
11.6
31.8
13.8
52.0
34.5
69.0
79.2
New Zealand
34.9
41.9
13.6
0.0
0.0
35.2
9.3
39.0
33.0
80.3
82.8
Netherlands New Zealand
Norway
43.4
24.8
18.5
7.8
13.8
31.2
3.9
47.5
28.0
69.8
79.4
Norway
Poland
34.2
12.8
5.3
41.4
..
35.8
4.6
26.2
27.0
68.5
70.4
Poland
Portugal
37.1
15.8
8.7
31.7
..
36.7
7.1
35.6
33.0
78.3
90.0
Portugal
Slovak Republic
31.1
10.8
9.1
9.4
28.4
36.2
6.2
38.0
25.0
79.0
94.1
Slovak Republic
Spain
34.9
18.6
9.0
5.6
24.9
28.2
13.7
45.0
35.0
80.3
88.2
Spain
Sweden
50.6
31.3
5.0
5.7
22.9
26.3
8.9
56.2
28.0
68.8
76.5
Sweden
Switzerland
29.5
34.3
8.5
12.0
11.6
23.3
10.2
37.6
24.1
78.3
90.6
Switzerland
Turkey
32.8
15.7
8.0
7.3
9.5
49.5
10.0
40.6
30.0
70.2
70.2
Turkey
United Kingdom
35.6
28.7
7.8
7.5
10.3
32.7
13.0
40.0
30.0
73.7
81.1
United Kingdom
United States
25.6
35.3
8.1
11.7
13.3
18.2
13.5
41.4
39.4
76.4
95.1
United States
EU average
40.5
25.0
8.1
9.4
16.4
30.4
10.8
43.9
31.7
70.9
83.6
EU average
OECD average
36.3
24.9
9.3
8.5
14.8
32.1
10.4
42.1
30.7
74.1
85.3
OECD average
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
..
Not available or not applicable.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/628043400247 Sources: Revenue Statistics, 1965-2005, OECD, Paris, 2006; Taxing Wages, 2004/2005, OECD, Paris, 2006;
61
62
Public finance > Development aid, 2004 Official development assistance (ODA)* Million USD 2005
1
% of GNI 2005
1
% of total DAC ODA* 2005
1
% annual average change in volume 1
99/00-2004/05
Grant element
Multilateral aid
Grants by NGOs*
% of ODA commitments*
% of ODA*
% of GNI
2004
2004
2004
ODA to least developed countries(LDCs)* % of GNI 2004
Australia
1 666
0.25
1.6
1.8
100.0
18.5
0.08
0.06
Australia
Austria
1 552
0.52
1.5
11.9
100.0
48.0
0.03
0.06
Austria
Belgium
1 975
0.53
1.9
9.5
99.8
38.3
0.05
0.18
Belgium
Canada
3 731
0.34
3.5
6.5
100.0
23.4
0.07
0.07
Canada
Denmark
Denmark
2 109
0.81
2.0
- 2.6
100.0
41.0
0.02
0.31
Finland
897
0.47
0.8
8.3
99.9
40.9
0.01
0.09
Finland
France
10 059
0.47
9.4
7.1
95.3
34.3
..
0.15
France
9 915
0.35
9.3
4.8
96.2
49.3
0.04
0.08
Germany
535
0.24
0.5
10.1
..
34.6
0.01
0.03
Greece
Germany Greece Ireland
692
0.41
0.7
12.4
100.0
32.6
0.15
0.21
Ireland
5 053
0.29
4.7
10.5
99.6
71.4
0.00
0.05
Italy
13 101
0.28
12.3
- 2.0
88.8
33.7
0.01
0.04
Japan
Luxembourg
264
0.87
0.2
8.0
100.0
27.4
0.02
0.31
Luxembourg
Netherlands
5 115
0.82
4.8
0.4
100.0
36.5
0.07
0.25
Netherlands
274
0.27
0.3
4.4
100.0
25.0
0.03
0.07
New Zealand
2 775
0.93
2.6
4.6
100.0
30.1
..
0.33
Norway Portugal
Italy Japan
New Zealand Norway Portugal
367
0.21
0.3
11.8
87.1
15.4
0.00
0.53
Spain
3 123
0.29
2.9
7.3
97.5
42.5
..
0.04
Spain
Sweden
3 280
0.92
3.1
6.5
100.0
23.7
0.01
0.22
Sweden
Switzerland
1 771
0.44
1.7
5.7
100.0
23.2
0.08
0.11
Switzerland
United Kingdom
10 754
0.48
10.1
12.3
100.0
32.3
0.02
0.14
United Kingdom
United States
27 457
0.22
25.8
17.1
99.9
17.5
0.06
0.04
United States
G7
80 068
0.29
75.2
8.2
96.9
31.2
0.04
0.06
G7
EU-15
55 690
0.44
52.3
6.7
98.1
39.0
0.02
0.12
EU-15
106 463
0.33
100.0
7.2
97.4
31.6
0.04
0.08
DAC total
DAC total *
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/310380161162
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
1.
Data for 2005 are preliminary.
..
Not available or not applicable.
Sources: OECD/DAC Statistics, www.oecd.org/dac/stats
63
64
International trade and investment > Direct investment Direct investment positions
Direct investment flows
% of GDP 2005 Australia Austria
% of GDP
Billion USD 1995
Inward
Outward
Billion USD
Billion USD
Outflows
Inflows
2005
2005
1995
Billion USD 1995
2005
2004
1995
1994
2004
1994
..
3.21
- 36.8
12.0
- 5.44
0.88
- 39.8
3.3
267.4
95.5
197.6
47.8
2.92
0.81
8.9
1.9
3.08
0.48
9.4
1.1
61.7
14.6
67.8
9.5
Australia Austria
16.50
3.69
67.4
10.9
6.19
3.98
22.9
11.7
..
..
..
..
Canada
3.04
1.59
33.8
9.3
3.06
1.97
34.1
11.5
316.5
110.2
375.1
104.3
Czech Republic
8.98
4.92
11.0
2.6
0.70
0.07
0.9
0.0
57.2
4.5
3.8
0.3
Denmark
1.94
2.32
5.0
4.2
3.12
1.70
8.1
3.1
108.1
17.8
118.7
19.6
Finland
2.33
0.82
4.6
1.1
1.38
1.15
2.7
1.5
55.7
6.7
82.6
12.5
Finland
France
2.99
1.90
63.5
23.7
5.44
1.26
115.6
15.8
619.6
163.5
829.3
182.3
France
Germany
1.17
0.67
32.6
12.0
1.63
2.17
45.6
39.1
675.6
87.3
754.6
194.5
Greece
0.27
1.02
0.6
1.2
0.64
..
1.5
..
28.5
..
13.8
..
Belgium/Luxembourg
Hungary
Belgium/Luxembourg Canada Czech Republic Denmark
Germany Greece
6.14
11.30
6.7
5.1
1.23
0.13
1.3
0.1
62.7
7.1
6.0
0.3
Iceland
14.74
0.13
2.3
0.0
42.36
0.36
6.7
0.0
2.0
0.1
4.0
0.1
Iceland
Ireland
- 11.28
2.17
- 22.8
1.4
6.41
1.23
12.9
0.8
..
..
..
..
Ireland
Italy
1.11
0.40
19.5
4.8
2.36
0.48
41.5
5.7
220.7
60.4
280.5
89.7
Japan
0.06
0.00
2.8
0.0
1.01
0.80
45.8
22.6
97.0
19.2
370.5
275.6
Japan
Korea
0.55
0.36
4.3
1.8
0.55
0.73
4.3
3.6
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.8
Mexico
2.35
3.38
18.1
9.7
0.80
..
6.2
..
191.5
Netherlands
6.99
2.97
43.6
12.3
19.13
4.86
119.4
20.2
New Zealand
2.59
4.69
2.8
2.8
- 0.29
2.93
- 0.3
1.8
Luxembourg
..
..
..
17.4
33.2
501.1 52.0
-1
-1
Hungary
Italy
..
Luxembourg
22.2
..
Mexico
93.4
595.4
142.9
22.1
12.5
5.9
Netherlands New Zealand
Norway
4.89
1.63
14.5
2.4
1.16
1.93
3.4
2.9
..
17.0
..
17.6
Poland
2.55
2.69
7.7
3.7
0.48
0.03
1.5
0.0
85.5
3.8
3.2
0.5
Portugal
1.70
0.62
3.1
0.7
0.63
0.64
1.1
0.7
70.6
..
48.3
..
Slovak Republic
4.02
1.09
1.9
0.2
0.31
0.19
0.1
0.0
14.5
0.9
0.7
0.2
Spain
2.04
1.08
23.0
6.3
3.45
0.71
38.7
4.2
395.2
96.3
371.2
30.0
Sweden
3.83
5.82
13.7
14.4
7.28
4.52
26.0
11.2
198.0
22.6
204.1
60.3
Switzerland
1.61
0.71
5.8
2.2
11.92
3.88
42.8
12.2
195.9
48.7
396.4
112.6
Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland
Turkey
2.67
0.52
9.7
0.9
0.29
0.07
1.0
0.1
32.5
..
7.1
..
United Kingdom
7.48
1.73
164.5
20.0
4.60
3.78
101.1
43.6
707.9
189.6
1 268.5
276.7
United Kingdom United States
United States
Turkey
0.88
0.79
109.8
57.8
0.07
1.34
9.1
98.8
1 727.1
618.0
2 399.2
786.6
199.72
63.02
621.7
225.3
266.99
42.28
716.1
315.4
6 786.3
1 732.6
8 450.5
2 370.0
Brazil
..
..
15.1
5.0
..
..
2.5
- 1.0
161.0
..
69.0
..
China
..
..
35.9
..
..
..
32.6
- 2.0
453.0
..
403.0
..
China
India
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
45.0
..
10.0
..
India
Russian Federation
..
..
14.6
2.0
..
..
13.1
..
115.0
..
104.0
2.0
South Africa
..
..
6.4
1.0
..
..
0.1
- 2.0
63.0
13.0
83.0
19.0
OECD total
OECD total Brazil
Russian Federation South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/005171472458 ..
Not available or not applicable.
-n
Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
Sources: International Direct Investment Database, OECD, Paris, 2006.
65
66
International trade and investment > Trade, 2004 Goods and services1 Imports Exports At current At current % volume % volume prices and prices and change change exchange exchange rates rates Billion USD
2004/2003
Billion USD
2004/2003
Trade by commodities2 Exports (fob)*
Imports (cif)* Manufacturing, share of total trade
Total
Billion USD
% change 2004/2003
% of total trade
% change 2004/2003
Manufacturing, share of total trade
Total
Billion USD
% change 2004/2003
% of total trade
Coverage ratio
% change 2004/2003
Australia
139.1
12.2
120.5
2.7
103.8
22.3
82.8
- 0.6
86.4
23.1
35.3
- 7.7
83.3
Austria
138.6
8.7
151.1
10.0
111.2
21.5
81.2
- 1.0
110.8
24.2
88.1
- 0.4
99.7
Belgium
285.5
6.4
299.9
6.2
285.5
21.6
78.5
- 0.9
306.5
20.0
82.6
- 0.5
107.4
Belgium
Canada
Canada
336.3
8.1
377.4
5.0
273.4
13.8
83.9
- 0.8
316.9
16.5
68.0
- 1.8
115.9
Czech Republic
77.2
18.4
76.7
21.4
68.1
33.0
85.0
0.1
67.2
38.0
91.0
0.2
98.7
Denmark
98.8
6.4
110.8
2.7
66.9
19.0
79.9
0.1
74.8
15.8
69.9
- 1.0
111.8
Australia Austria
Czech Republic Denmark
Finland
60.2
6.0
70.3
5.6
50.1
20.4
73.8
- 1.5
60.8
15.7
87.1
- 0.1
121.3
Finland
France
525.3
6.6
530.4
3.9
434.4
19.9
78.5
- 0.7
413.9
15.7
85.2
0.2
95.3
France
Germany
910.6
7.0
1 046.5
9.3
718.2
19.3
73.9
- 1.4
911.8
21.8
88.9
- 1.1
127.0
Greece
62.1
9.3
43.6
11.7
52.8
17.7
73.9
1.1
15.2
11.4
68.0
3.1
28.8
Hungary
68.4
13.5
64.8
15.8
60.2
26.4
86.8
- 0.5
55.5
29.0
89.6
0.6
92.1
Hungary
Iceland
5.3
14.4
4.5
8.4
3.6
28.9
75.3
- 0.9
2.8
19.3
34.8
4.4
77.9
Iceland
Ireland
125.0
7.6
153.4
7.0
62.3
15.1
81.4
- 1.2
104.3
12.3
89.0
- 0.2
167.3
Ireland
Italy
425.0
2.5
436.9
3.0
351.1
18.1
75.7
6.9
349.1
16.6
89.6
1.7
99.4
Japan
523.7
8.5
612.7
13.9
455.2
18.7
60.4
- 0.5
565.7
19.9
97.9
- 0.1
124.3
Japan
Korea
270.4
13.9
299.4
19.6
224.5
25.5
65.4
- 0.7
253.8
31.0
92.5
- 0.5
113.1
Korea
42.6
9.8
49.9
10.2
16.8
23.0
72.2
- 2.6
12.2
21.9
90.7
0.2
72.5
Luxembourg
Germany Greece
Italy
Luxembourg
Mexico
216.0
11.6
202.1
11.6
196.8
15.4
88.0
- 0.1
188.0
14.0
80.8
- 1.7
95.5
Netherlands*
363.3
7.8
407.4
8.5
257.7
23.3
73.5
- 0.4
290.5
27.8
70.9
- 1.6
112.7
New Zealand
29.6
13.7
28.6
3.9
23.2
25.0
79.6
- 0.7
20.3
23.2
37.5
- 1.8
87.7
Norway
72.6
8.9
108.7
0.6
48.5
17.7
81.5
0.1
82.2
17.1
29.5
- 6.3
169.6
Poland
98.9
8.7
94.5
11.4
88.2
29.7
81.8
- 0.9
73.8
37.8
83.6
- 1.8
83.7
Poland
Portugal
64.8
6.8
50.6
4.5
54.9
16.5
74.1
- 0.4
35.7
12.2
85.6
- 1.0
65.1
Portugal
32.7
12.7
31.6
11.4
29.1
28.5
78.8
- 1.5
27.6
25.7
87.3
- 2.3
94.9
Slovak Republic
308.5
9.3
269.3
3.3
259.3
23.6
75.9
- 0.5
182.7
16.9
79.8
0.0
70.5
Spain
Slovak Republic Spain
Mexico Netherlands* New Zealand Norway
Sweden
132.3
6.4
160.9
10.8
100.5
19.3
77.1
- 0.1
123.2
20.3
85.8
- 0.9
122.7
Sweden
Switzerland
139.4
7.4
165.7
8.9
110.0
14.1
87.3
- 0.2
116.8
16.0
96.0
- 2.0
106.2
Switzerland
104.7
24.7
87.2
12.5
97.5
40.7
71.6
- 2.0
63.1
33.6
86.2
0.7
64.7
Turkey3
609.6
6.7
538.1
4.6
461.3
17.2
81.7
- 0.1
348.2
13.2
83.5
- 0.7
75.5
United Kingdom
United States
1 797.8
10.7
1 173.8
8.4
1 525.3
16.9
79.3
- 2.0
817.9
13.0
86.2
0.5
53.6
United States
G7
5 128.2
8.3
4 715.7
7.8
4 218.9
17.7
76.5
- 0.7
3 723.6
17.0
87.1
- 0.1
88.3
G7
..
..
..
..
1 383.2
23.6
70.9
- 6.0
1 361.8
23.0
87.3
- 5.4
98.5
EU-15 extra*
8 064.4
8.9
7 767.2
8.4
6 590.3
19.3
77.0
- 0.7
6 078.0
18.9
84.1
- 0.4
92.2
OECD total
Turkey
3
United Kingdom
EU-15 extra* OECD total Brazil
..
..
..
..
65.3
28.5
72.6
- 2.0
95.0
30.0
55.9
1.3
145.4
Brazil
China
..
..
..
..
561.2
36.0
79.1
- 4.0
593.3
35.4
93.2
1.2
105.7
China
India
..
..
..
..
108.3
40.2
49.9
- 4.2
79.8
26.7
75.1
- 4.4
73.8
Russian Federation
..
..
..
..
75.6
31.8
77.0
3.2
181.6
35.9
43.9
8.2
240.3
South Africa
..
..
..
..
47.7
38.2
77.5
- 3.1
40.3
27.3
73.8
3.7
84.3
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
1. 2. 3. ..
National accounts basis according to the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA). Customs basis. For goods and services: national accounts basis according to the 1968 SNA. Not available or not applicable.
India Russian Federation South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/606708520405 Sources: National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2006; International Trade by Commodity Statistics, OECD, Paris, 2006. 67
68
International trade and investment > Trade in services, 2004* Exports
Imports Total Billion USD
Total
% of total
% change 2004/2003
Transport
Travel
Royalties Finance and and license insurance fees
Other services*
Billion USD
% of total
% change 2004/2003
Transport
Travel
Royalties Finance and and license insurance fees
Other services*
Australia
27.0
27.0
34.4
38.1
4.0
5.3
18.3
26.3
19.7
22.2
51.8
4.7
1.8
19.5
Austria*
46.3
12.7
13.7
24.5
6.1
2.7
53.0
48.9
14.0
19.1
31.3
6.0
0.3
43.2
Austria*
Belgium
49.0
14.2
22.5
28.6
7.8
2.1
39.0
52.3
17.4
24.8
17.6
7.3
1.9
48.4
Belgium
Canada
57.3
13.1
21.3
28.0
12.0
9.6
29.1
47.5
11.8
17.9
27.0
9.4
6.3
39.3
Canada
9.2
26.1
16.3
24.8
12.4
1.9
44.6
9.7
24.7
29.1
43.1
4.4
0.6
22.8
Czech Republic
Denmark*
33.4
18.6
50.5
21.8
4.1
2.8
20.9
36.3
15.1
59.5
15.6
2.4
2.8
19.7
Denmark*
Finland*
12.3
22.4
27.5
23.0
1.6
6.5
41.4
9.9
25.5
24.2
20.9
1.7
8.6
44.5
Finland*
France
97.5
17.8
26.9
29.3
4.8
3.2
35.8
110.3
11.9
23.2
37.0
2.7
4.6
32.6
France
Czech Republic
Australia
193.0
12.3
20.9
36.7
4.6
3.0
34.8
141.7
15.2
23.4
19.5
6.4
3.6
47.1
Germany
Greece
14.0
25.3
50.8
20.5
4.8
3.3
20.6
33.2
37.5
49.8
38.7
1.0
0.1
10.4
Greece
Hungary
Germany
10.4
13.5
15.1
27.6
5.7
9.1
42.5
10.3
18.6
12.9
39.3
2.8
5.4
39.6
Hungary
Iceland
1.8
22.2
38.0
37.8
3.1
0.1
21.0
1.6
17.8
55.5
22.9
0.6
0.1
20.9
Iceland
Ireland
64.5
18.5
3.4
8.1
16.1
28.6
43.8
52.4
25.0
4.5
8.2
28.9
0.4
58.0
Ireland
Italy
81.7
10.4
23.9
25.1
4.5
2.1
44.4
83.6
17.2
16.6
42.6
3.1
0.9
36.8
Italy
Japan
131.8
21.1
29.6
29.0
4.6
10.3
26.4
97.6
25.8
32.9
11.6
5.6
16.1
33.8
Japan
Korea
49.9
23.6
35.4
24.7
1.2
8.9
29.8
41.9
27.1
53.8
14.5
2.9
4.4
24.4
Korea
Luxembourg
20.7
35.1
4.4
14.1
54.0
0.7
26.8
33.1
31.0
6.1
11.0
62.3
0.5
20.0
Luxembourg
Mexico*
19.8
9.0
10.8
35.2
40.8
4.1
9.1
14.0
11.0
9.7
76.8
6.2
0.7
6.7
Netherlands
69.4
9.3
19.7
23.6
2.4
4.8
49.5
73.7
16.1
26.3
14.0
1.7
5.7
52.3
Mexico* Netherlands
New Zealand
7.2
26.4
34.7
30.6
4.2
7.3
23.2
8.0
18.0
18.6
59.6
1.1
1.4
19.3
New Zealand
Norway
23.0
19.9
34.4
36.5
3.5
2.1
23.5
25.4
21.6
56.5
11.5
3.9
0.9
27.2
Norway
Poland
12.4
16.7
23.6
31.0
5.0
7.1
33.3
13.4
20.5
31.2
43.3
1.7
0.2
23.6
Poland
9.6
16.3
30.0
28.7
4.2
3.5
33.6
14.8
20.6
19.3
52.9
2.4
0.3
25.2
Portugal
Portugal Slovak Republic
3.5
13.4
28.8
21.5
7.7
2.9
39.2
3.7
13.4
40.0
24.2
2.9
1.6
31.3
Slovak Republic
57.3
19.8
27.1
21.2
5.5
5.3
41.0
84.9
14.5
16.5
53.2
3.1
0.6
26.7
Spain
Sweden
33.0
15.1
15.3
30.7
2.8
4.3
47.0
38.7
24.7
20.6
15.9
5.2
8.9
49.4
Sweden
Switzerland*
21.4
26.6
13.7
41.2
4.5
..
40.6
43.0
22.0
9.7
24.2
31.2
..
34.9
Switzerland*
Spain
Turkey*
10.2
35.5
42.6
24.8
12.0
3.6
17.0
22.9
27.4
14.2
69.2
2.4
..
14.1
Turkey*
United Kingdom
144.5
15.3
23.6
39.1
5.3
5.8
26.3
183.4
20.0
16.3
15.4
22.1
6.6
39.7
United Kingdom
United States
291.1
15.0
26.8
23.9
14.1
8.2
27.0
335.5
11.2
16.6
28.0
10.0
15.7
29.7
United States
G7
996.9
15.1
25.0
30.1
7.9
6.2
30.7
999.5
15.2
19.9
25.0
9.9
9.4
35.8
G7
EU extra*
397.2
18.7
24.6
25.0
6.2
8.9
35.3
450.3
19.7
25.4
18.5
10.5
5.4
40.2
EU extra*
EU
995.1
16.9
21.7
27.9
6.5
5.8
38.1
1 064.0
19.4
21.6
26.0
10.1
3.9
38.4
EU
1 624.9
17.3
23.9
27.7
8.1
6.7
33.6
1 709.6
18.1
21.9
26.5
9.8
6.8
35.0
OECD total
17.3
12.2
25.8
16.6
6.7
6.9
44.0
12.6
20.5
19.6
25.6
4.2
0.9
49.7
Brazil
OECD total Brazil China
72.1
30.4
34.0
26.5
8.7
6.2
24.5
62.4
33.6
19.3
41.2
0.8
0.4
38.3
China
India
25.7
22.2
36.4
13.7
6.4
1.6
41.9
23.4
20.1
13.1
16.6
3.4
0.1
66.8
India
Russian Federation
33.7
24.4
11.5
46.6
5.5
3.2
33.1
20.3
25.0
38.4
25.8
2.5
1.1
32.2
South Africa
10.3
25.6
45.5
30.5
6.7
7.5
9.7
9.0
13.9
15.7
70.2
4.0
0.5
9.6
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
..
Not available or not applicable.
Russian Federation South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/356643052543 Sources: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services, Volume 1, 1995-2004, OECD/Eurostat, Paris, 2006. For Brazil, China, India, Russian Federation and South Africa: IMF
69
70
Prices and finance > Prices and interest rates Producer prices
Consumer prices Jun-06 2000 = 100
% change June 2006 / June 2005
Jun-06 2000 = 100
Interest rates
Share prices
% change June 2006 / June 2005
Jun-06 2000 = 100
% change June 2006 / June 2005
Short-term* %
Long-term %
Australia*
120.2
4.0
124.9
9.9
158.3
18.6
5.96
5.79
Australia*
Austria
112.5
1.5
113.9
4.0
272.2
16.7
..
4.01
Austria
Belgium
113.2
1.9
111.4
6.0
137.2
17.6
..
4.01
Belgium
Canada
114.9
2.5
106.8
2.2
120.9
17.3
4.43
4.45
Canada
Czech Republic
115.1
2.8
109.9
1.0
235.8
8.5
2.16
4.05
Czech Republic
Denmark
112.8
2.2
111.8
3.3
139.5
9.6
3.03
4.03
Denmark
Finland
107.8
1.7
101.6
3.7
56.5
17.2
..
4.02
Finland
France
112.2
1.9
106.6
2.4
84.8
16.0
..
4.01
France
Germany
110.3
2.0
109.9
3.0
77.0
22.1
..
3.96
Germany Greece
Greece
122.5
3.2
124.7
7.7
86.8
20.7
..
4.31
Hungary
137.6
2.7
118.8
7.0
227.3
9.0
6.47
..
Iceland
131.8
8.1
..
..
323.6
30.0
12.61
12.86
Hungary Iceland
Ireland
123.5
3.9
90.7
- 0.4
137.5
14.9
..
4.08
Ireland
Italy
115.2
2.3
117.4
6.2
86.5
10.8
..
4.29
Italy
Japan
98.2
0.5
100.7
3.3
99.1
32.2
0.22
1.90
Japan
Korea
120.3
2.6
112.8
4.7
170.6
26.0
4.50
5.10
Korea Luxembourg
Luxembourg
115.5
3.2
126.2
7.4
87.6
43.7
..
3.38
Mexico
130.5
3.2
142.3
8.6
293.9
42.0
7.33
..
Netherlands
114.3
1.3
117.7
6.1
68.3
13.9
..
3.97
Mexico Netherlands
New Zealand*
116.9
4.0
115.4
5.4
142.4
0.7
7.47
5.84
New Zealand*
Norway
111.6
2.3
121.4
8.5
219.3
39.8
3.03
4.26
Norway
Poland
115.8
1.3
110.7
1.4
203.5
39.4
4.21
..
Portugal
120.1
2.9
116.4
6.1
103.3
29.2
..
4.10
Poland
Slovak Republic
138.8
4.6
118.5
3.1
459.0
- 12.6
..
..
Spain
122.2
3.9
119.2
6.3
120.5
16.6
..
3.99
Sweden
109.2
1.5
108.5
4.1
86.9
20.0
2.21
3.93
Sweden
Switzerland
106.0
1.6
104.4
2.6
97.3
19.9
1.52
2.85
Switzerland
Turkey
377.1
11.1
414.0
13.1
252.4
31.5
..
..
United Kingdom
116.6
3.3
109.8
3.4
89.0
12.2
4.69
4.65
United Kingdom
United States
117.8
4.3
119.5
6.6
117.3
10.3
5.35
5.11
United States G7
Portugal Slovak Republic Spain
Turkey
G7
113.6
3.2
113.0
5.0
..
..
2.89
4.05
Euro area*
114.2
2.3
111.9
4.3
78.4
15.0
2.99
4.07
EU-15
114.5
2.5
111.5
4.1
..
..
..
..
EU-15
OECD total*
117.6
3.2
117.1
5.2
..
..
..
..
OECD total*
114.6
3.0
114.0
5.0
..
..
..
..
157.3
4.0
..
..
228.7
46.2
..
..
..
- 0.1
..
..
88.1
54.7
2.24
..
China*
128.7
7.3
..
..
251.4
78.9
..
..
India* Russian Federation
excl. high infl.* Brazil China* India* Russian Federation
219.1
9.1
..
..
..
..
5.48
..
South Africa
133.6
4.9
141.3
5.5
232.9
39.5
7.11
8.29
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
..
Not available or not applicable.
Euro area*
excl. high infl.* Brazil
South Africa
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/546382257047 Sources: Main Economic Indicators : October, Volume 2006 issue 10, OECD, Paris, 2006.
71
72
Prices and finance > Domestic and foreign finance
Exchange rates*
Reserve assets
Currency units, June 2006 Per USD Australia
Australian dollar
Austria
€(1999 ATS euro)
Belgium
€(1999 BEL euro)
Canada
Canadian dollar
Czech Republic
Domestic finance
Foreign finance
Currency
Per SDR*
Monetary aggregate*
Central government debt
Broad money
% of GDP, 2005
Million SDR*
2000 = 100
31/12/2005
06/01/2006
% change June 2006 / June 2005
Marketable
Non-marketable
1.352
1.997
29 434
152.7
9.7
6.5
0.0
Australia
..
..
5 125
..
..
54.0
7.4
Austria
..
..
6 022
..
..
83.9
9.3
Belgium
1.114
1.646
23 066
138.0
5.1
28.8
1.5
Canada
Czech koruna
22.417
33.112
20 537
151.6
8.1
22.5
1.0
Czech Republic
Denmark
Danish krone
5.889
8.699
23 115
161.7
13.2
39.1
0.0
Denmark
Finland
€(1999 FIM euro)
..
..
7 464
..
..
36.9
1.7
Finland
France
€(1999 FRF euro)
..
..
22 597
..
..
51.3
2.5
France
Germany
€(1999 DEM euro)
..
..
35 440
..
..
38.6
1.7
Germany
Greece
€(2001 GRD euro)
..
..
476
..
..
107.9
11.0
Hungary
forint
215.308
318.033
12 975
216.5
16.5
52.5
6.0
Iceland
Icelandic króna
74.639
110.250
727
256.5
21.0
19.6
0.4
Iceland
Ireland
€(1999 IEP euro)
..
..
551
..
..
20.0
3.8
Ireland
Italy
€(1999 ITL euro)
..
..
20 611
..
..
85.5
Japan
yen
114.668
169.376
584 568
112.1
2.3
142.5
Korea
won
954.818
1 410.367
147 166
164.0
7.8
28.4
1.2
Korea
Luxembourg
€(1999 LUF euro)
..
..
..
..
..
0.8
0.0
Luxembourg
Mexico
Mexican peso
11.394
16.830
51 816
208.8
12.7
19.7
2.7
Mexico
Netherlands
€(1999 NLG euro)
..
..
7 166
..
..
42.4
0.4
Netherlands
Greece Hungary
12.9 -1
14.4
Italy -1
Japan
New Zealand
N. Zealand dollar
1.617
2.388
6 222
171.4
10.9
22.2
0.5
Norway
Norwegian krone
6.208
9.170
32 874
159.0
12.2
10.9
6.6
Norway
Poland
Zųoty
3.183
4.702
28 706
150.8
11.2
39.5
5.5
Poland
Portugal
€(1999 PTE euro)
Slovak Republic
Slovak koruna
Spain
€(1999 ESP euro)
..
..
7 286
Sweden
Swedish krona
7.294
10.774
15 626
Switzerland
Swiss franc
1.232
1.820
26 847
Turkey
Turkish new lira
1.597
2.360
35 519
United Kingdom
Pound sterling
0.543
0.801
United States
US dollar
..
..
G7
..
..
..
..
EU-15
..
..
..
..
OECD total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Real
..
..
excl. high infl.* Brazil
New Zealand
..
..
2 904
..
..
55.6
13.5
30.057
44.397
10 465
166.8
13.0
31.2
2.9
Slovak Republic
Portugal
..
..
34.8
1.8
Spain
141.7
17.4
45.7
2.3
Sweden
126.5
2.2
24.3
4.3
Switzerland
570.8
35.8
58.7
9.1
Turkey
27 273
164.6
12.6
38.2
7.4
United Kingdom
46 994
142.4
4.9
32.3
4.2
United States
..
..
..
..
155.4
9.6
..
..
EU-15
141.5
6.8
..
..
OECD total
..
138.4
6.1
..
..
37 499
..
..
..
..
G7
excl. high infl.* Brazil
India
Rupee
..
..
92 705
..
..
..
..
India
Russian Federation
Ruble
..
..
123 499
..
..
..
..
Russian Federation
South Africa
Rand
..
..
13 139
..
..
..
..
South Africa
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the Statlink URL
.. -n
Not available or not applicable. Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year; e.g. if the column refers to 2005, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2004.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/586011384343 Sources: Main Economic Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2006; International Financial Statistics, IMF; Central Government Debt, OECD, Paris, 2006.
73
74
Prices and finance > Euro area, June 2006
Unemployment rate
Consumer prices harmonised (MUICP)
Seasonally adjusted Euro area
2000 = 100
7.8
114.4
Monetary aggregate (M3)
2000 = 100 seasonally adjusted
Rate on 3-month Yield on 10-year government interbank deposit bonds (EURIBOR) % per annum
% per annum
2.99
4.07
153.4
Share prices: Dow jones EURO STOXX 2000 = 100
Exchange rates
EUR / USD
78.4
EUR / 1000 Yen
0.7866
EUR / Pounds sterling
6.861
1.4449
Euro area
Exchange rates trends USD against national currency, 2000 averages = 100, daily averages
140
Fixed euro exchange rates at 1/1/1999:
130
Austria
13.7603
120
Belgium
40.3399
Finland
5.94573
France
6.55957
Germany
1.95583
90
Greece2
340.75
80
Ireland
0.787564
Japan, JPY
110 100
UK, GBP 1
Euro area , EUR
70
Italy
1936.27
Luxembourg
40.3399
Netherlands
2.20371
Portugal
200.482
Notes
Spain
166.386
1.
Prior to 1999, data for the euro area correspond to the ECU.
2.
Fixed exchange rate at 1/1/2001
60
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/520508801407
OECD in graphs 2006 GDP growth GDP per capita Forecasting with leading indicators Foreign talent Older workers Youth unemployment Youth and traffic fatalities Healthcare spending Water aid Broadband expansion Emissions rise Uranium and oil prices Pension funds
GDP growth
76
Average annual real change, % 1995-2005 0
Ireland Luxembourg Korea Iceland Slovak Republic Turkey Hungary Poland Greece Mexico Spain Australia Finland United States Canada New Zealand Norway United Kingdom Sweden OECD total Czech Republic Portugal Netherlands Austria France Denmark Belgium Switzerland Germany Italy Japan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 7.5
4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2
Economic growth in the OECD area grew by an average of 2.6% per year, unchanged from the 10 years to 2004. The average outturn conceals a wide range. In one country, Ireland, real growth exceeded 7%, and in seven other countries it reached over 4%. Another 18 countries saw growth settling in the 2-4% range, but four countries posted growth of below 2%. Canada and the US were the only G7 economies to grow faster than 3%, while Germany, Italy and Japan all languished below 1.5%. Comparing the overall pattern to 2005 with the average recorded five years earlier, the most marked improvements have been in the Czech Republic, Greece and Hungary. By contrast, the Netherlands, where growth was above the OECD average in 1990-2000, slipped back in the ten years to 2005, expanding by just 2.3% per year.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/270580830408
GDP per capita
77
USD, using current PPPs, 2005 0
Luxembourg Norway United States Ireland Switzerland Iceland G7 Denmark Netherlands Austria Canada Australia Sweden Belgium United Kingdom Finland Japan France Germany Euro area OECD total Italy Spain New Zealand Greece Korea Czech Republic Portugal Hungary Slovak Republic Poland
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000 67700
43200 41900 39200 36200 35800 35200 34400 34200 33600 33600 32900 32700 32500 32100 31400 30500 30200 29800 29400 29000 28500 27300 25300 23200 21900 20200 19900 17200 15000 12800
GDP per head rose throughout the OECD in 2005, to an average of $29,000 compared with $28,500 in 2004. Luxembourg led the field again with nearly $68,000, followed by Norway and the US. Luxembourg’s position is bolstered by its transborder working population, notably in services, while Ireland’s strong fourth position reflects its large foreign sector (see “GDP and GNI” at www.oecdobserver.org). Four G7 countries hover around the OECD average, though with Italy slipping slightly below it. GDP per head exceeded $30,000 in 17 OECD countries, two more than in 2004, with France and Japan joining the list. In 2000, only three countries–Luxembourg, the US and Switzerland–exceeded that amount. GDP per head in 2005 was below $10,000 in just one country, Turkey.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/871827541433
Forecasting with leading indicators
78
January 1995-April 2006
Total OECD - ratio to trend 110
Reference Series
Leading Indicator
105
100
95
90 1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Regional indicators - trend restored 20
Euro Area
Japan
USA
15
10
5
0
-5
-10 1995
1996
1997
1998 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 2004
2005
2006
Economic forecasters generally have little difficulty following established trends - that a recovery will continue, for instance. They may even warn about a turnaround in the business cycle, but the actual timing of that turnaround is hard to anticipate. The OECD's composite leading indicators (CLIs) serves as a guide for short-term forecasters looking six to nine months forward. By examining forward-looking indicators like building permits, long-term interest rates and order books, the OECD CLI reveals possible upcoming peaks or troughs in activity. The graph shows these turning points and compares them with actual outturns; the match is close. Recent leading indicators have been quite positive for the OECD as a whole, but point to possible near-term dips in the US and Japan. For more detail, consult www.oecd.org/statistics. For recent OECD forecasts, see www.oecd.org/economics.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/864158465554
Foreign talent
79
Overqualification rates of the nativeand foreign-born populations in 21 OECD countries %, 2003-2004 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Spain Greece Australia Ireland Italy Belgium Austria Norway Germany Finland Denmark United States United Kingdom Portugal Sweden France Canada
Foreign-born Native-born
Switzerland Czech Republic Hungary Luxembourg Some workers will inevitably be in jobs for which they are overqualified, but the rate of overqualification is higher among foreign-born populations. All countries want high-skilled immigrants, but in Italy and Greece, for instance, where immigrant overqualification is particularly high compared with native populations, workers are ready to accept unskilled jobs in the hope of moving upwards later. Immigrant overqualification is also relatively high in Norway and Sweden, though this reflects refugees rather than economic migrants. While the native/foreign gap in overqualification rates is narrower in the UK and the US, these countries have respectively the fifth and seventh highest overqualification rates for nativeborn workers of the 21 countries in the graph. See International Migration Outlook 2006, www.oecd.org/migration.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/800774067450
Older workers
80
Persons aged 55-64 in employment as % of the population of same age group, 2005 0
Iceland New Zealand Sweden Norway Switzerland Japan United States Denmark Korea United G7 countries Canada Australia Finland Mexico OECD total Ireland Portugal Germany Netherlands Czech Republic EU 15 Spain Greece France Hungary Belgium Austria Luxembourg Italy Turkey Slovak Poland
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
84.8 69.7 69.6 67.6 65.0 63.9 60.8 59.8 58.7 56.8 55.0 54.8 53.7 3.6 52.5 52.0 51.7 50.5 45.5 44.9 44.6 44.5 43.1 41.6 40.7 33.0 32.1 31.8 31.7 31.4 30.8 30.4 29.1
OECD countries must get more people into employment if they are to boost living standards and maintain welfare services. That is the message from the OECD Jobs Strategy 2006. Some population groups merit particular policy attention. For instance, only 65% of women of working age are employed in the OECD, versus 87% of prime-age men. Meanwhile, premature retirement and barriers to getting a job affect older people that wish to work. In several countries, including Italy, less than a third of 55-64 year olds were in employment in 2005, compared with over 60% in the US and Japan, and nearly 85% in Iceland. The Jobs Strategy sees four pillars to effective employment policymaking: A: setting appropriate macroeconomic policy; B: removing impediments to labour-market participation and job-search; C: tackling obstacles to labour demand; D: facilitating the development of labour-force skills and competencies. See www.oecd.org/employment
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/227130662774
Youth unemployment
81
% of civilian labour force, 2005
0
Poland Slovak Republic Greece Italy France Sweden Finland Belgium Spain Hungary Turkey Czech Republic EU-15 Portugal Germany Luxembourg OECD total G7 Canada Norway United Kingdom United States Australia Austria Korea Netherlands New Zealand Switzerland Japan Ireland Denmark Iceland Mexico
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Youth unemployment (15-24 year olds, % of civ. labour force of that age) Total unemployment
Reducing unemployment among 18-24 year olds is a major policy challenge in all OECD countries. According to the 2006 OECD Employment Outlook , the situation of youth in the labour market has not improved much over the past decade. Indeed, youth are far more likely to be out of work than prime-age adults (25-54) in all OECD countries, with their unemployment rate in many cases being twice as high. Poland recorded the highest youth unemployment rate in 2005, at some 38%, as well as the highest overall jobless rate. The lowest was in Mexico, which also had one of the lowest overall jobless figures. Unemployment among young people was below 10% in just eight countries, and was over 10% even in countries like the US, the UK and Norway, where overall unemployment was relatively low. See www.oecd.org/employment
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/468175655110
Youth and traffic fatalities
82
OECD countries, 2004
Proportion of youth in the population
10%
Proportion of youth in driver fatalities
27%
Traffic crashes are the single greatest killer of 15-24 year-olds in OECD countries. These drivers pose a greater risk than other drivers to themselves, their passengers and other road users. The problem also imposes great social and economic costs on individuals, families and societies. In the US alone, government estimates put crashes involving 15-20 year-old drivers at $40.8 billion in 2002. Some 8,500 young drivers of passenger vehicles were killed in OECD countries in 2004. Death rates for 18-24 year-old drivers are more than double those of older drivers. Moreover, death rates for young men are consistently higher than those of young women, often by a factor of three. In other words, even where overall road safety is improving, young driver risk is not. See European Conference of Transport Ministers at www.oecd.org/ecmt
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/264570413158
Healthcare spending
83
Public and private spending, per capita, 2004 0
United States Luxembourg Switzerland Norway Iceland Canada France Austria Belgium (2003) Netherlands Germany (2002) Denmark (2002) Australia (2003) Sweden Ireland OECD average United Kingdom Italy Japan (2003) Finland Greece Spain New Zealand Portugal Czech Republic Hungary Korea Poland Slovak Republic (2003) Mexico Turkey
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
6102 5089 4077 3966 3331 3165 3159 3124 3044 3041 3005 2881 2876 2825 2596 2550 2546 2392 2249 2235 2162 2094 2083 1813 1361 1323
Public 1149
Private
805
Total 777 662 580
Healthcare spending has grown faster than GDP in every OECD country except Finland between 1990 and 2004. It accounted for 7% of GDP on average across OECD countries in 1990 but reached 8.9% in 2004. Spending is projected to increase as a share of GDP due to costly new medical technologies and population ageing. The public share of health spending–73% on average in 2004–has fallen in some countries, but has risen in others. This includes the US–40% to 45% in 1990-2004–where, despite a dominant private sector, US public spending per capita in health remains higher than in most other OECD countries. See OECD Health Data 2006, www.oecd.org/health
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/216163052084
Water aid
84
Trends in aid to water supply and sanitation, 1973-2005, 5-year moving averages (constant 2004 prices) 2004 USD million
3500 DAC countries, annual figures DAC countries, moving average Multilateral donors
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0 1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
The upward trend in development aid to water supply and sanitation since the 1990s was interrupted in 2005 as commitments in bilateral official development assistance (ODA) fell to $2.2 billion, compared with $3 billion in 2004. The fall may reflect earlier specific rises, for instance, to meet rebuilding needs in Iraq. Development aid from multilateral agencies has continued to rise, with commitments for water supply and sanitation reaching $1.8 billion in 2004. Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on water by 2015 remains a challenge. There is little sign that donors are stepping up their efforts for water compared with other sectors. Moreover, in the water sector, most aid is for infrastructure. This means long lead-times, which any MDG strategy on water must take into account. See www.oecd.org/development and www.oecdobserver.org/water
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/368075410254
Broadband expansion
85
Subscribers per 100 inhabitants, 2001-2005
Iceland Korea Netherlands Denmark Switzerland Finland Norway Canada Sweden Belgium Japan United States United Kingdom France Luxembourg Austria Australia OECD total Germany Italy Spain Portugal New Zealand Ireland Czech Republic Hungary Slovak Republic Poland Mexico Turkey Greece
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
Despite the dot.com crash of 2001, growth in broadband has been strong. Indeed, the number of broadband Internet connections in OECD countries has risen from an average of 2.9 in 2001 to 13.6 subscribers per 100 inhabitants in December 2005. Total connections rose in 2005, from 136 million in June to 158 million by December. Roughly a third of those subscribers are in the US. However, while broadband penetration there is above average, at 16.8 subscribers per 100 inhabitants, it is far lower than in Iceland, which has 26.7, Korea, the Netherlands and Denmark, each with over 25. Although Korea had by far the highest broadband penetration in 2001, the strongest recent subscriber increases were in Iceland, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands and Australia. Order OECD Information Technology Outlook 2006 on www.oecdbookshop.org and visit www.oecd.org/sti
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/136634674025
Emissions rise
86
World CO2 emissions from energy use, by region Million tonnes
25000
Other non-OECD
China Former USSR OECD total 20000
15000
10000
5000
0 1971
1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
Although natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions or warm ocean currents, or even the earth’s tilt, might all contribute to global warming, carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by human activity–from running homes and factories to flying planes and mowing lawns–is accepted as a major culprit. Measurements show the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen nearly 20% over the past 45 years (see www.oecdobserver.org). Despite local cold spells, five of the hottest years on record have all occurred in the past seven years, according to the World Meteorological Organization. Meanwhile, most of the CO 2 emissions come from the OECD area, with 12,794 million tonnes in 2003. However, emissions from non-OECD countries are rising. Since 1985 China’s level has more than doubled, with a rise of 2,009 million tonnes, compared with a rise of 2,369 Mt for the OECD area. See OECD Factbook 2006 at www.sourceOECD.org/factbook
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/680124755435
Uranium and crude oil prices
87
45
40
Ux U3O8 price, US dollars per pound
35
Crude oil spot prices, US dollar per barrel
30
25
20
15
10
5
For uranium prices: source UxC.com
19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05
0
The price of oil rose sharply in 2005, for several reasons: turbulence in the Middle East, bad weather affecting output in the Gulf of Mexico, higher Asian demand, market jitters, and so forth. The rise has stimulated renewed interest in nuclear energy for power generation, with Finland for instance going ahead with building new capacity. Today, nuclear energy accounts for some 17% of electricity output worldwide, and 23% in OECD countries. However, the price of uranium has also been rising. This is a concern, even if for now it accounts for a small proportion of the final retail price. Questions about the supply of uranium have also stirred debate, though the OECD’s Nuclear Energy Agency is confident that reserves are secure and plentiful for some time to come. See www.nea.fr.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/176363811321
88
Pension funds in the economy As % of GDP, 2005 Netherlands Iceland Switzerland United States OECD total United Kingdom Finland Australia Ireland Canada Denmark Japan Sweden Portugal New Zealand Spain Poland Hungary Mexico Norway France Austria Belgium Czech Republic Germany Italy Korea Slovak Republic Luxembourg Turkey Greece
124.9 123.2 117.4 98.9 87.6 70.1 66.1 58.0 52.8 50.4 33.6 18.8 14.5 12.9 11.3 9.1 8.7 8.5 7.2 6.8 5.8 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.9 2.8 1.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Private pension assets, accumulated within occupational and personal pension plans, amounted to $17.9 trillion in the OECD area in 2005. The weighted ratio of assets to GDP was 87.6%. This continued the recovery since the downturn in equity markets in 2001-2002; then, the ratio of assets to GDP had dropped by 12.9 percentage points, but rose as markets recovered. The three largest pension markets were in the US, the UK and Japan, with private pension assets equivalent to $12.3 trillion, $1.5 trillion and $0.9 trillion, respectively; the corresponding ratio of assets to GDP was 98.9%, 70.1% and 18.8%.
StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/'10.1787/406280372361
General notes
89
Cut-off date Cut-off date for the data: July 2006.
StatLink The OECD’s award-winning StatLink delivers Excel spreadsheets of the data underlying the tables in this book. Beside each StatLink logo you will find a link or code to the corresponding spreadsheet. The OECD’s StatLink uses Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). To download a spreadsheet, either simply go to the OECD in Figures online and click the appropriate link, or type it into your Internet browser. For instance, for background data on GDP, use StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/864662528136. For more information, visit www.oecd.org/statistics/statlink. The online version of OECD in Figures contains additional information, including footnotes for some items.
Totals and averages • OECD total refers to the OECD countries as a whole. • OECD average is the unweighted, arithmetic average of OECD countries shown in the table. • EU refers to EU25 unless otherwise specified. • EU15 refers to the 15 EU member countries prior to May 2004. Notes and abbreviations .. Not available or not applicable. - Nil or negligible. + Growth of more than 500% Data from earlier years Data are for the year specified or for the latest available year. In the latter case, the data are followed by a number, corresponding to the number of years of difference from the indicated year. For instance, -1 means that the data are one year older than the other figures in the column. For further information Please consult the source publication specified at the bottom of each table. Sources of graphs are available on the online edition. All OECD publications are available at www.sourceOECD.org, the OECD online library. All OECD books can be purchased on www.oecdbookshop.org.
90
Glossary of terms used in OECD in Figures
DAC OECD Development Assistance Committee. EPO European Patents Office. GDP Gross domestic product. The standard measure of the incomes generated from productive activity in a country. GNI Gross national income. GNI = GDP + net receipts of wages, salaries and property income from abroad. ISCED International standard classification of education. A system designed by UNESCO to ensure comparability of education statistics. ISCED classifies various education programmes by their level of education (primary, secondary, tertiary...) and field of education (general programmes, humanities and arts, science...). LDC Least developed countries, group of 50 countries established by the United Nations. To be classified as an LDC, countries must fall below thresholds established for income, economic diversification and social development. 13
Mtoe Million of tonnes of oil equivalent. This is defined as 10 kilocalories. This quantity of energy is, within a few per cent, equivalent to the net heat content of 1 million tonnes of crude oil. NGO Non-governmental organisation. ODA Official development assistance. Government aid to developing countries designed to promote economic development and welfare. ODA can be bilateral (from one country to another) or multilateral (via agencies such as the UN or the World Bank). PPP Purchasing power parities (PPPs) are the currency conversion which eliminates the differences in price levels between countries. They are used to compare the volume of GDP in different countries. PPPs are obtained by evaluating the costs of a basket of goods and services between countries for all components of GDP; PPPs are given in national currency units per US dollar (in euro per US dollar for euro area countries). SNA The Systems of National Accounts includes definitions that ensure international comparability of national accounts aggregates such as GDP. TWh Terawatt hours.
