National Design Specification for Wood Construction Supplement: Design Values for Wood Construction

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2005 EDITION

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PPLE

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NDS ®

national

design

specification

®

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION

American Forest & Paper Association American Wood Council

Updates and Errata While every precaution has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this document, errors may have occurred during development. Updates or Errata are posted to the American Wood Councilwebsite at www.awc.org. Technical inquiries may be addressed to [email protected].

American Wood Council Engineered and Traditional Wood Products

AWC Mission Statement To increase the use of wood by assuring the broad regulatory acceptance of wood products, developing design tools and guidelines for wood construction, and influencing the development of public policies affecting the use of wood products.

The American Wood Council (AWC) is the wood products division of the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA). AF&PA is the national trade association of the forest, paper, and wood products industry, representing member companies engaged in growing, harvesting, and processing wood and wood fiber, manufacturing pulp, paper, and paperboard products from both virgin and recycled fiber, and producing engineered and traditional wood products. For more information see www.afandpa.org.

NDS 2005 Supplement Cover revised June 2007.pmd 2

6/21/2007, 2:57 PM

2005 Edition

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NDS N AT I O N A L

DESIGN

S P E C I F I C AT I O N


Copyright © 2005, 2006 American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.

®

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION – NDS SUPPLEMENT

Introduction This Supplement is an integral part of the National Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood Construction, 2005 Edition. It provides reference design values for structural sawn lumber and structural glued laminated timber.

For additional information on development and applicability of lumber reference design values, the grading rules published by the individual agencies and the referenced ASTM Standards should be consulted.

Lumber

Structural Glued Laminated Timber

The reference design values for lumber in this Supplement are obtained from grading rules published by seven agencies: National Lumber Grades Authority (a Canadian agency), Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association, Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau, Redwood Inspection Service, Southern Pine Inspection Bureau, West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, and Western Wood Products Association. The grading rules promulgated by these agencies, including the reference design values therein, have been approved by the Board of Review of the American Lumber Standards Committee and certified for conformance with U.S. Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard PS 20-99 (American Softwood Lumber Standard). Reference design values for most species and grades of visually graded dimension lumber are based on the provisions of ASTM Standard D 1990-00ε1 (Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens). Reference design values for visually graded timbers, decking, and some species and grades of dimension lumber are based on the provisions of ASTM Standard D 245-00ε1 (Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber). The methods in ASTM Standard D 245-00ε1 involve adjusting the strength properties of small clear specimens of wood, as given in ASTM Standard D 2555-98 (Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values), for the effects of knots, slope of grain, splits, checks, size, duration of load, moisture content, and other influencing factors, to obtain reference design values applicable to normal conditions of service. Lumber structures designed on the basis of working stresses derived from ASTM Standard D 245 procedures and standard design criteria have a long history of satisfactory performance. Reference design values for machine stress rated (MSR) lumber and machine evaluated lumber (MEL) are based on nondestructive testing of individual pieces. Certain visual grade requirements also apply to such lumber. The stress rating system used for MSR and MEL lumber is regularly checked by the responsible grading agency for conformance to established certification and quality control procedures.

Reference design values in this Supplement for structural glued laminated timber are developed and published by the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) and APA–The Engineered Wood Association (APA) in accordance with principles originally established by the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory in the early 1950s. These principles involve adjusting strength properties of clear straight grained lumber to account for knots, slope of grain, density, size of member, number of laminations, and other factors unique to laminated timber. Specific methods used to establish reference design values have been periodically revised and improved to reflect the results of tests of large structural glued laminated timber members conducted by the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory and other accredited testing agencies. The performance history of structures made with structural glued laminated timber conforming to AITC specifications and manufactured in accordance with American National Standard ANSI/AITC A190.1-2002 (Structural Glued Laminated Timber) has demonstrated the validity of the methods used to establish structural glued laminated timber reference design values.

Conditions of Use Reference design values presented in this Supplement are for normal load duration under dry conditions of service. Because the strength of wood varies with conditions under which it is used, these reference design values should only be applied in conjunction with appropriate design and service recommendations from the NDS. Additionally, the reference design values in this Supplement apply only to material identified by the grade mark of, or certificate of inspection issued by, a grading or inspection bureau or agency recognized as being competent.

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION


TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Title

1

Page

Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies .................................................................................................... s1

Chapter/Title

3

Species Combinations ..................................... s3

Section Properties ................................................ s11 3.1 Section Properties of Sawn Lumber and Structural Glued Laminated Timber

1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

2

Page

4

Reference Design Values ................... s29

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations 2.2 List of Non-North American Sawn Lumber Species Combinations 2.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species Combinations

LIST OF TABLES 1A Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of Sawn Lumber ...................................................... s13

4E Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Decking ............................................................... s51

1B Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) Sawn Lumber ............................................ s14

4F Reference Design Values for Non-North American Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ......................................... s55

1C Section Properties of Western Species Structural Glued Laminated Timber ..................................... s16 1D Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural Glued Laminated Timber ..................................... s22 4A Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) (All species except Southern Pine) .......................................... s30 4B Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ....................................................... s37 4C Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber ................................. s40

5A Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in bending) ............ s59 5B Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compression) .......... s64 5C Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in bending) ........................................... s67 5D Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compression) .......... s69

4D Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Timbers (5" x 5" and larger) ................................ s44



AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL


1

1

SAWN LUMBER GRADING AGENCIES

1.1

List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies s2


2

SAWN LUMBER GRADING AGENCIES

1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies Following is a list of agencies certified by the American Lumber Standard Committee Board of Review (as of 2004) for inspection and grading of untreated lumber under the rules indicated. For the most up-to-date list of certified agencies contact: American Lumber Standard Committee P.O. Box 210 Germantown, Maryland 20875-0210 www.alsc.org

Rules for which grading is authorized

Rules Writing Agencies

Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association (NELMA) ............. NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA 272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021 Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau (NSLB) ................................................................. NLGA, NSLB, WCLIB, WWPA 272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021 Redwood Inspection Service (RIS) ................................................................................................. RIS, WCLIB, WWPA 405 Enfrente Drive, Suite 200, Novato, California 94949 Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) ............................................ NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA 4709 Scenic Highway, Pensacola, Florida 32504 West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB) ................................................... NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA 6980 SW Varnes Road, P.O. Box 23145, Tigard, Oregon 97223 Western Wood Products Association (WWPA) ....................................................... NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA 522 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, Portland, Oregon 97204 National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA) 960 Quayside Dr., New Westminster, BC, Canada V3M 6G2

Non-Rules Writing Agencies Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau, Inc. ............................................................................. RIS, WCLIB, WWPA, NLGA Renewable Resource Associates, Inc. .................................................. NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA Stafford Inspection and Consulting, LLC ...................................................................................................................SPIB Timber Products Inspection ......................................................... NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA Alberta Forest Products Association ........................................................................................................................ NLGA Canadian Lumbermen’s Association ....................................................................................................... NELMA, NLGA Canadian Mill Services Association .......................................................................................................... NLGA, WWPA Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency, Inc. .............................................................................. NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA Central Forest Products Association ........................................................................................................ NELMA, NLGA Council of Forest Industries ...................................................................................................................... NLGA, WWPA Macdonald Inspection ................................................................................................................. NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA Maritime Lumber Bureau ........................................................................................................................ NELMA, NLGA Newfoundland and Labrador Lumber Producers Association ................................................................................. NLGA Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Association ........................................................................................... NELMA, NLGA Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau ..................................................................................... NLGA, RIS, WCLIB, WWPA Quebec Forest Industry Council .............................................................................................................. NELMA, NLGA



2

SPECIES COMBINATIONS

2.1 2.2 2.3

List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations

s4

List of Non-North American Sawn Lumber Species Combinations

s8

List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species Combinations

s9


3

4


2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations Species or Species Combination Alaska Cedar Alaska Hemlock Alaska Spruce Alaska Yellow Cedar Aspen

Species That May Be Included in Combination

Alaska Sitka Spruce Alaska White Spruce Big Tooth Aspen Quaking Aspen

Baldcypress Balsam Fir Beech-Birch-Hickory

Coast Sitka Spruce Coast Species

Cottonwood Douglas Fir-Larch Douglas Fir-Larch (North)

American Beech Bitternut Hickory Mockernut Hickory Nutmeg Hickory Pecan Hickory Pignut Hickory Shagbark Hickory Shellbark Hickory Sweet Birch Water Hickory Yellow Birch Amabilis Fir Coast Sitka Spruce Douglas Fir Western Hemlock Western Larch Douglas Western Douglas Western

Fir Larch Fir Larch

Douglas Fir-South Eastern Hemlock Eastern Hemlock-Balsam Fir

Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack (North)

Balsam Fir Eastern Hemlock Tamarack Eastern Hemlock Tamarack Eastern Hemlock Tamarack


Grading Rules Agencies

Design Values Provided in Tables

WCLIB WWPA WWPA

4A 4A 4A

WCLIB, WWPA NELMA NSLB WWPA SPIB NELMA NSLB NELMA

4A 4A

4A, 4D

NLGA NLGA

4D, 4E 4E

NSLB WCLIB WWPA NLGA

4A 4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

WWPA NELMA NSLB NELMA

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E 4D

NELMA NSLB NLGA

4A, 4D, 4E

4A, 4D 4D, 4E

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

4A

4D, 4E


5

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.) Species or Species Combination Eastern Softwoods


Balsam Fir Black Spruce Eastern Hemlock Eastern White Pine Jack Pine Norway (Red) Pine Pitch Pine Red Spruce Tamarack White Spruce Black Spruce Red Spruce White Spruce

Eastern White Pine Eastern White Pine (North) Hem-Fir

Hem-Fir (North) Mixed Maple

Mixed Oak Mixed Southern Pine

Mountain Hemlock Northern Pine

Northern Red Oak

Northern Species

California Red Fir Grand Fir Noble Fir Pacific Silver Fir Western Hemlock White Fir Amabilis Fir Western Hemlock Black Maple Red Maple Silver Maple Sugar Maple All Oak Species graded under NELMA rules Any species in the Southern Pine species combination, plus either or both of the following: Pond Pine Virginia Pine Jack Pine Norway (Red) Pine Pitch Pine Black Oak Northern Red Oak Pin Oak Scarlet Oak Any species graded under NLGA rules except Red Alder, White Birch, and Norway Spruce

Northern White Cedar Ponderosa Pine



NELMA NSLB

4A

NELMA NSLB

4D, 4E

NELMA NSLB NLGA WCLIB WWPA

4A, 4D, 4E 4E 4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

NLGA

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

NELMA

4A, 4D

NELMA

4A, 4D

SPIB

4B, 4C, 4D

WWPA, WCLIB NELMA NSLB

4D 4D, 4E

NELMA

4A, 4D

NLGA

4A, 4C, 4E

NELMA NLGA

4A, 4D, 4E 4D, 4E

2 SPECIES COMBINATIONS

Eastern Spruce


6

6


2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.) Species or Species Combination Red Maple Red Oak

Red Pine Redwood Sitka Spruce Southern Pine

Spruce-Pine-Fir

Spruce-Pine-Fir (South)

Western Cedars

Western Cedars (North)

Species That May Be Included in Combination Black Oak Cherrybark Oak Laurel Oak Northern Red Oak Pin Oak Scarlet Oak Southern Red Oak Water Oak Willow Oak

Loblolly Pine Longleaf Pine Shortleaf Pine Slash Pine Alpine Fir Balsam Fir Black Spruce Engelmann Spruce Jack Pine Lodgepole Pine Red Spruce White Spruce Balsam Fir Black Spruce Engelmann Spruce Jack Pine Lodgepole Pine Norway (Red) Pine Red Spruce Sitka Spruce White Spruce Alaska Cedar Incense Cedar Port Orford Cedar Western Red Cedar Pacific Coast Yellow Cedar Western Red Cedar

Western Hemlock Western Hemlock (North) Western White Pine




NELMA NELMA

4A, 4D 4A, 4D

NLGA RIS WWPA, WCLIB SPIB

4D, 4E 4A, 4D, 4E 4D, 4E 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E

NLGA

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

NELMA NSLB WCLIB WWPA

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

WCLIB WWPA

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

NLGA

4D, 4E

WWPA, WCLIB NLGA NLGA

4D, 4E 4D, 4E 4D, 4E


7

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.) Species or Species Combination Western Woods


Any species in the Douglas Fir-Larch, Douglas Fir-South, Hem-Fir, and Spruce-Pine-Fir (South) species combinations, plus any or all of the following: Alpine Fir Idaho White Pine Mountain Hemlock Ponderosa Pine Sugar Pine Bur Oak Chestnut Oak Live Oak Overcup Oak Post Oak Swamp Chestnut Oak Swamp White Oak White Oak

Yellow Poplar

WCLIB WWPA

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

NELMA

4A, 4D

2

6

NSLB




White Oak


4A

8


2.2 List of Non-North American Sawn Lumber Species Combinations Species or Species Combination


Austrian Spruce - Austria & The Czech Republic Douglas Fir/European Larch - Austria, The Douglas Fir Czech Republic, & Bavaria European Larch Montane Pine - South Africa Norway Spruce - Estonia & Lithuania Norway Spruce - Finland Norway Spruce - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland Norway Spruce - Romania & the Ukraine Norway Spruce - Sweden Scots Pine - Austria, The Czech Republic, Romania, & the Ukraine Scots Pine - Estonia & Lithuania Scots Pine - Finland Scots Pine - Germany* Scots Pine - Sweden Silver Fir (Abies alba) - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina, Free of Heart Center and Medium Grade Density * Does not include states of Baden-Wurttemburg and Saarland.


Grading Rules Agency WCLIB WCLIB

DesignValues Provided in Tables 4F 4F

WCLIB WCLIB WCLIB WCLIB

4F 4F 4F 4F

WCLIB WCLIB WCLIB

4F 4F 4F

WCLIB WCLIB WCLIB WCLIB WCLIB

4F 4F 4F 4F 4F

SPIB SPIB

4F 4F


9

2.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species Combinations Symbol

Species That May Be Included in Group


Alaska Cedar Douglas Fir-Larch Hem-Fir

AC DF HF

5A, 5B 5A, 5B 5A, 5B

Softwood Species

SW

Alaska Cedar Douglas Fir, Western Larch California Red Fir Grand Fir Noble Fir Pacific Silver Fir Western Hemlock White Fir Alpine Fir Balsam Fir Black Spruce Douglas Fir Douglas Fir South Engelmann Spruce Idaho White Pine Jack Pine Lodgepole Pine Mountain Hemlock Ponderosa Pine Red Spruce Sugar Pine Western Larch Western Red Cedar White Spruce Loblolly Pine Longleaf Pine Shortleaf Pine Slash Pine

Southern Pine

SP


5A, 5B

2 SPECIES COMBINATIONS

Species or Species Group

6

5A, 5B

10


2.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species Combinations (Cont.) Species or Species Group

Symbol

Group A Hardwoods

A

Group B Hardwoods

B

Group C Hardwoods

C

Group D Hardwoods

D

Species That May Be Included in Group Ash, White Beech, American Birch, Sweet Birch, Yellow Hickory, Bitternut Hickory, Mockernut Hickory, Nutmeg Hickory, Pecan Hickory, Pignut Hickory, Shagbark Hickory, Shellbark Hickory, Water Oak, Northern Red Oak, White Elm, Rock Maple, Black Maple, Red Mixed Oak: Black Bur Cherrybark Chestnut Laurel Live Northern Red Overcup Pin Post Scarlet Southern Red Swamp Chestnut Swamp White Water White Sweetgum Ash, Black Elm, American Tupulo, Water Yellow Poplar Aspen, Bigtooth Aspen, Quaking Cottonwood, Eastern Mixed Maple: Black Red Silver Sugar AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

Design Values Provided in Tables 5C, 5D

5C, 5D

5C, 5D

5C, 5D


SECTION PROPERTIES

3.1

Section Properties of Sawn Lumber and Structural Glued Laminated Timber

3

s12

Table 1A

Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of Sawn Lumber .................................................................. s13

Table 1B

Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) Sawn Lumber ....................................................... s14

Table 1C

Section Properties of Western Species Structural Glued Laminated Timber ................. s16

Table 1D

Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural Glued Laminated Timber ................. s22


11

12

SECTION PROPERTIES

3.1 Section Properties of Sawn Lumber and Structural Glued Laminated Timber 3.1.1 Standard Sizes of Sawn Lumber Details regarding the dressed sizes of various species of lumber in the grading rules of the agencies which formulate and maintain such rules. The dressed sizes in Table 1A conform to the sizes set forth in U.S. Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard PS 20-99 (American Softwood Lumber Standard). While these sizes are generally available on a commercial basis, it is good practice to consult the local lumber dealer to determine what sizes are on hand or can be readily secured. Dry lumber is defined as lumber which has been seasoned to a moisture content of 19% or less. Green lumber is defined as lumber having a moisture content in excess of 19%.

MOMENT OF INERTIA, I, of the cross section of a beam is the sum of the products of each of its elementary areas multiplied by the square of their distance from the neutral axis of the section. SECTION MODULUS, S, is the moment of inertia divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the extreme fiber of the section. CROSS SECTION is a section taken through the member perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. The following symbols and formulas apply to rectangular beam cross sections: X-X = neutral axis for edgewise bending (load applied to narrow face) Y-Y = neutral axis for flatwise bending (load applied to wide face) b = breadth of rectangular bending member, in.

3.1.2 Properties of Standard Dressed Sizes

d = depth of rectangular bending member, in. A = bd = area of cross section, in.2

Certain mathematical expressions of the properties or elements of sections are used in design calculations for various member shapes and loading conditions. The section properties for selected standard sizes of boards, dimension lumber, and timbers are given in Table 1B. Section properties for selected standard sizes of structural glued laminated timber are given in Table 1C and 1D.

c = distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber of cross section, in. Ix = bd3/12 = moment of inertia about the X-X axis, in.4 Iy = db3/12 = moment of inertia about the Y-Y axis, in.4 rx =

3.1.3 Definitions

I x / A = d / 12 = radius of gyration about the X-X axis, in.

NEUTRAL AXIS, in the cross section of a beam, is the line on which there is neither tension nor compression stress.

ry =

I y / A = b / 12 = radius of gyration about the Y-Y axis, in.

Sx =Ix/c = bd2/6 = section modulus about the X-X

Figure 1A Dimensions for Rectangular Cross Section

axis, in.3 Sy = Iy/c = db2/6 = section modulus about the Y-Y axis, in.3

The following formula shall be used to determine the density in lb./ft.3 of wood: density =

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ m.c. ⎤ G 62.4 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢1 + 100 ⎥⎦ ⎣1 + G(0.009)( m.c.) ⎦ ⎣

where: G = specific gravity of wood (see NDS Table 11.3.2A)

Structural Glued Laminated Timber

Sawn Lumber

m.c. = moisture content of wood, %



Table 1A

13

Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of Sawn Lumber Thickness (in.)

Face Widths (in.)

Minimum dressed Item Boards

Nominal

Dry 5/8 3/4

Green

1 1-1/4

11/16 25/32 1-1/32 1-9/32

Dimension Lumber

2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2

1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4

1-9/16 2-1/16 2-9/16 3-1/16 3-9/16 4-1/16

Timbers

5& thicker

—

1/2 off


Nominal

Dry

Green

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16

1-1/2 2-1/2 3-1/2 4-1/2 5-1/2 6-1/2 7-1/4 8-1/4 9-1/4 10-1/4 11-1/4 13-1/4 15-1/4

1-9/16 2-9/16 3-9/16 4-5/8 5-5/8 6-5/8 7-1/2 8-1/2 9-1/2 10-1/2 11-1/2 13-1/2 15-1/2

2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16

1-1/2 2-1/2 3-1/2 4-1/2 5-1/2 7-1/4 9-1/4 11-1/4 13-1/4 15-1/4

1-9/16 2-9/16 3-9/16 4-5/8 5-5/8 7-1/2 9-1/2 11-1/2 13-1/2 15-1/2

5& wider

—

1/2 off

3 SECTION PROPERTIES

3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

Minimum dressed

14

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1B

Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) Sawn Lumber Y-Y Axis

X-X Axis Nominal Size b×d

Standard Dressed Size (S4S) b×d inches × inches

Area of Section A in.2

Section Modulus Sxx in.3

Moment of Inertia Ixx in.4

Section Modulus Syy in.3

Moment of Inertia Iyy in.4

Approximate weight in pounds per linear foot (lb./ft.) of piece when density of wood equals: 25 lb./ft.3

30 lb./ft.3

35 lb./ft.3

40 lb./ft.3

45 lb./ft.3

50 lb./ft.3

1 1 1 1 1 1

× × × × × ×

3 4 6 8 10 12

3/4 × 2-1/2 3/4 × 3-1/2 3/4 × 5-1/2 3/4 × 7-1/4 3/4 × 9-1/4 3/4 × 11-1/4

1.875 2.625 4.125 5.438 6.938 8.438

0.781 1.531 3.781 6.570 10.70 15.82

0.977 2.680 10.40 23.82 49.47 88.99

0.234 0.328 0.516 0.680 0.867 1.055

0.088 0.123 0.193 0.255 0.325 0.396

0.326 0.456 0.716 0.944 1.204 1.465

0.391 0.547 0.859 1.133 1.445 1.758

0.456 0.638 1.003 1.322 1.686 2.051

0.521 0.729 1.146 1.510 1.927 2.344

0.586 0.820 1.289 1.699 2.168 2.637

0.651 0.911 1.432 1.888 2.409 2.930

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

× × × × × × × ×

3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14

1-1/2 × 2-1/2 1-1/2 × 3-1/2 1-1/2 × 4-1/2 1-1/2 × 5-1/2 1-1/2 × 7-1/4 1-1/2 × 9-1/4 1-1/2 × 11-1/4 1-1/2 × 13-1/4

3.750 5.250 6.750 8.250 10.88 13.88 16.88 19.88

1.563 3.063 5.063 7.563 13.14 21.39 31.64 43.89

1.953 5.359 11.39 20.80 47.63 98.93 178.0 290.8

0.938 1.313 1.688 2.063 2.719 3.469 4.219 4.969

0.703 0.984 1.266 1.547 2.039 2.602 3.164 3.727

0.651 0.911 1.172 1.432 1.888 2.409 2.930 3.451

0.781 1.094 1.406 1.719 2.266 2.891 3.516 4.141

0.911 1.276 1.641 2.005 2.643 3.372 4.102 4.831

1.042 1.458 1.875 2.292 3.021 3.854 4.688 5.521

1.172 1.641 2.109 2.578 3.398 4.336 5.273 6.211

1.302 1.823 2.344 2.865 3.776 4.818 5.859 6.901

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

× × × × × × × ×

4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16

2-1/2 × 3-1/2 2-1/2 × 4-1/2 2-1/2 × 5-1/2 2-1/2 × 7-1/4 2-1/2 × 9-1/4 2-1/2 × 11-1/4 2-1/2 × 13-1/4 2-1/2 × 15-1/4

8.750 11.25 13.75 18.13 23.13 28.13 33.13 38.13

5.104 8.438 12.60 21.90 35.65 52.73 73.15 96.90

8.932 18.98 34.66 79.39 164.9 296.6 484.6 738.9

3.646 4.688 5.729 7.552 9.635 11.72 13.80 15.89

4.557 5.859 7.161 9.440 12.04 14.65 17.25 19.86

1.519 1.953 2.387 3.147 4.015 4.883 5.751 6.619

1.823 2.344 2.865 3.776 4.818 5.859 6.901 7.943

2.127 2.734 3.342 4.405 5.621 6.836 8.051 9.266

2.431 3.125 3.819 5.035 6.424 7.813 9.201 10.59

2.734 3.516 4.297 5.664 7.227 8.789 10.35 11.91

3.038 3.906 4.774 6.293 8.030 9.766 11.50 13.24

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

× × × × × × × ×

4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16

3-1/2 × 3-1/2 3-1/2 × 4-1/2 3-1/2 × 5-1/2 3-1/2 × 7-1/4 3-1/2 × 9-1/4 3-1/2 × 11-1/4 3-1/2 × 13-1/4 3-1/2 × 15-1/4

12.25 15.75 19.25 25.38 32.38 39.38 46.38 53.38

7.146 11.81 17.65 30.66 49.91 73.83 102.4 135.7

12.51 26.58 48.53 111.1 230.8 415.3 678.5 1034

7.146 9.188 11.23 14.80 18.89 22.97 27.05 31.14

12.51 16.08 19.65 25.90 33.05 40.20 47.34 54.49

2.127 2.734 3.342 4.405 5.621 6.836 8.051 9.266

2.552 3.281 4.010 5.286 6.745 8.203 9.661 11.12

2.977 3.828 4.679 6.168 7.869 9.570 11.27 12.97

3.403 4.375 5.347 7.049 8.993 10.94 12.88 14.83

3.828 4.922 6.016 7.930 10.12 12.30 14.49 16.68

4.253 5.469 6.684 8.811 11.24 13.67 16.10 18.53

5× 5

4-1/2 × 4-1/2

20.25

15.19

34.17

15.19

34.17

3.516

4.219

4.922

5.625

6.328

7.031

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

× × × × × × × × × ×

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

5-1/2 × 5-1/2 5-1/2 × 7-1/2 5-1/2 × 9-1/2 5-1/2 × 11-1/2 5-1/2 × 13-1/2 5-1/2 × 15-1/2 5-1/2 × 17-1/2 5-1/2 × 19-1/2 5-1/2 × 21-1/2 5-1/2 × 23-1/2

30.25 41.25 52.25 63.25 74.25 85.25 96.25 107.3 118.3 129.3

27.73 51.56 82.73 121.2 167.1 220.2 280.7 348.6 423.7 506.2

76.26 193.4 393.0 697.1 1128 1707 2456 3398 4555 5948

27.73 37.81 47.90 57.98 68.06 78.15 88.23 98.31 108.4 118.5

76.26 104.0 131.7 159.4 187.2 214.9 242.6 270.4 298.1 325.8

5.252 7.161 9.071 10.98 12.89 14.80 16.71 18.62 20.53 22.44

6.302 8.594 10.89 13.18 15.47 17.76 20.05 22.34 24.64 26.93

7.352 10.03 12.70 15.37 18.05 20.72 23.39 26.07 28.74 31.41

8.403 11.46 14.51 17.57 20.63 23.68 26.74 29.79 32.85 35.90

9.453 12.89 16.33 19.77 23.20 26.64 30.08 33.52 36.95 40.39

10.50 14.32 18.14 21.96 25.78 29.60 33.42 37.24 41.06 44.88

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

× × × × × × × × ×

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

7-1/2 × 7-1/2 7-1/2 × 9-1/2 7-1/2 × 11-1/2 7-1/2 × 13-1/2 7-1/2 × 15-1/2 7-1/2 × 17-1/2 7-1/2 × 19-1/2 7-1/2 × 21-1/2 7-1/2 × 23-1/2

56.25 71.25 86.25 101.3 116.3 131.3 146.3 161.3 176.3

70.31 112.8 165.3 227.8 300.3 382.8 475.3 577.8 690.3

263.7 535.9 950.5 1538 2327 3350 4634 6211 8111

70.31 89.06 107.8 126.6 145.3 164.1 182.8 201.6 220.3

263.7 334.0 404.3 474.6 544.9 615.2 685.5 755.9 826.2

9.766 12.37 14.97 17.58 20.18 22.79 25.39 27.99 30.60

11.72 14.84 17.97 21.09 24.22 27.34 30.47 33.59 36.72

13.67 17.32 20.96 24.61 28.26 31.90 35.55 39.19 42.84

15.63 19.79 23.96 28.13 32.29 36.46 40.63 44.79 48.96

17.58 22.27 26.95 31.64 36.33 41.02 45.70 50.39 55.08

19.53 24.74 29.95 35.16 40.36 45.57 50.78 55.99 61.20

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

× × × × × × × ×

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

9-1/2 × 9-1/2 9-1/2 × 11-1/2 9-1/2 × 13-1/2 9-1/2 × 15-1/2 9-1/2 × 17-1/2 9-1/2 × 19-1/2 9-1/2 × 21-1/2 9-1/2 × 23-1/2

90.25 109.3 128.3 147.3 166.3 185.3 204.3 223.3

142.9 209.4 288.6 380.4 484.9 602.1 731.9 874.4

678.8 1204 1948 2948 4243 5870 7868 10270

142.9 173.0 203.1 233.1 263.2 293.3 323.4 353.5

678.8 821.7 964.5 1107 1250 1393 1536 1679

15.67 18.97 22.27 25.56 28.86 32.16 35.46 38.76

18.80 22.76 26.72 30.68 34.64 38.59 42.55 46.51

21.94 26.55 31.17 35.79 40.41 45.03 49.64 54.26

25.07 30.35 35.63 40.90 46.18 51.46 56.74 62.01

28.20 34.14 40.08 46.02 51.95 57.89 63.83 69.77

31.34 37.93 44.53 51.13 57.73 64.32 70.92 77.52



Table 1B

Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) Sawn Lumber (Cont.) Y-Y Axis

X-X Axis Nominal Size b×d

15

Standard Dressed Size (S4S) b×d inches × inches

Area of Section A in.2

Section Modulus Sx in.3

Moment of Inertia Ix in.4

Section Modulus Sy in.3

Moment of Inertia Iy in.4

Approximate weight in pounds per linear foot (lb./ft.) of piece when density of wood equals: 25 lb./ft.3

30 lb./ft.3

35 lb./ft.3

40 lb./ft.3

45 lb./ft.3

50 lb./ft.3

× × × × × × ×

12 14 16 18 20 22 24

11-1/2 11-1/2 11-1/2 11-1/2 11-1/2 11-1/2 11-1/2

× × × × × × ×

11-1/2 13-1/2 15-1/2 17-1/2 19-1/2 21-1/2 23-1/2

132.3 155.3 178.3 201.3 224.3 247.3 270.3

253.5 349.3 460.5 587.0 728.8 886.0 1058

1458 2358 3569 5136 7106 9524 12440

253.5 297.6 341.6 385.7 429.8 473.9 518.0

1458 1711 1964 2218 2471 2725 2978

22.96 26.95 30.95 34.94 38.93 42.93 46.92

27.55 32.34 37.14 41.93 46.72 51.51 56.30

32.14 37.73 43.32 48.91 54.51 60.10 65.69

36.74 43.13 49.51 55.90 62.29 68.68 75.07

41.33 48.52 55.70 62.89 70.08 77.27 84.45

45.92 53.91 61.89 69.88 77.86 85.85 93.84

14 14 14 14 14 14

× × × × × ×

14 16 18 20 22 24

13-1/2 13-1/2 13-1/2 13-1/2 13-1/2 13-1/2

× × × × × ×

13-1/2 15-1/2 17-1/2 19-1/2 21-1/2 23-1/2

182.3 209.3 236.3 263.3 290.3 317.3

410.1 540.6 689.1 855.6 1040 1243

2768 4189 6029 8342 11180 14600

410.1 470.8 531.6 592.3 653.1 713.8

2768 3178 3588 3998 4408 4818

31.64 36.33 41.02 45.70 50.39 55.08

37.97 43.59 49.22 54.84 60.47 66.09

44.30 50.86 57.42 63.98 70.55 77.11

50.63 58.13 65.63 73.13 80.63 88.13

56.95 65.39 73.83 82.27 90.70 99.14

63.28 72.66 82.03 91.41 100.8 110.2

16 16 16 16 16

× × × × ×

16 18 20 22 24

15-1/2 15-1/2 15-1/2 15-1/2 15-1/2

× × × × ×

15-1/2 17-1/2 19-1/2 21-1/2 23-1/2

240.3 271.3 302.3 333.3 364.3

620.6 791.1 982.3 1194 1427

4810 6923 9578 12840 16760

620.6 700.7 780.8 860.9 941.0

4810 5431 6051 6672 7293

41.71 47.09 52.47 57.86 63.24

50.05 56.51 62.97 69.43 75.89

58.39 65.93 73.46 81.00 88.53

66.74 75.35 83.96 92.57 101.2

75.08 84.77 94.45 104.1 113.8

83.42 94.18 104.9 115.7 126.5

18 18 18 18

× × × ×

18 20 22 24

17-1/2 17-1/2 17-1/2 17-1/2

× × × ×

17-1/2 19-1/2 21-1/2 23-1/2

306.3 341.3 376.3 411.3

893.2 1109 1348 1611

7816 10810 14490 18930

893.2 995.3 1097 1199

7816 8709 9602 10500

53.17 59.24 65.32 71.40

63.80 71.09 78.39 85.68

74.44 82.94 91.45 99.96

85.07 94.79 104.5 114.2

95.70 106.6 117.6 128.5

106.3 118.5 130.6 142.8

20 × 20 20 × 22 20 × 24

19-1/2 × 19-1/2 19-1/2 × 21-1/2 19-1/2 × 23-1/2

380.3 419.3 458.3

1236 1502 1795

12050 16150 21090

1236 1363 1489

12050 13280 14520

66.02 72.79 79.56

79.22 87.34 95.47

92.42 101.9 111.4

105.6 116.5 127.3

118.8 131.0 143.2

132.0 145.6 159.1

22 × 22 22 × 24

21-1/2 × 21-1/2 21-1/2 × 23-1/2

462.3 505.3

1656 1979

17810 23250

1656 1810

17810 19460

80.25 87.72

96.30 105.3

112.4 122.8

128.4 140.3

144.5 157.9

160.5 175.4

24 × 24

23-1/2 × 23-1/2

552.3

2163

25420

2163

25420

95.88

115.1

134.2

153.4

172.6

191.8



12 12 12 12 12 12 12

16

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1C

Section Properties of Western Species Structural Glued Laminated Timber

Depth d (in.)

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

6 7-1/2 9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21

15.00 18.75 22.50 26.25 30.00 33.75 37.50 41.25 45.00 48.75 52.50

45.00 87.89 151.9 241.2 360.0 512.6 703.1 935.9 1215 1545 1929

6 7-1/2 9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24

18.75 23.44 28.13 32.81 37.50 42.19 46.88 51.56 56.25 60.94 65.63 70.31 75.00

56.25 109.9 189.8 301.5 450.0 640.7 878.9 1170 1519 1931 2412 2966 3600

6 7-1/2 9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24

21.00 26.25 31.50 36.75 42.00 47.25 52.50 57.75 63.00 68.25 73.50 78.75 84.00

63.00 123.0 212.6 337.6 504.0 717.6 984.4 1310 1701 2163 2701 3322 4032

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 2-1/2 in. Width 15.00 23.44 33.75 45.94 60.00 75.94 93.75 113.4 135.0 158.4 183.8 3-1/8 in. Width 18.75 29.30 42.19 57.42 75.00 94.92 117.2 141.8 168.8 198.0 229.7 263.7 300.0 3-1/2 in. Width 21.00 32.81 47.25 64.31 84.00 106.3 131.3 158.8 189.0 221.8 257.3 295.3 336.0


rx (in.) 1.732 2.165 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 1.732 2.165 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 1.732 2.165 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928

Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 0.722 in.) 7.813 6.250 9.766 7.813 11.72 9.375 13.67 10.94 15.63 12.50 17.58 14.06 19.53 15.63 21.48 17.19 23.44 18.75 25.39 20.31 27.34 21.88 (ry = 0.902 in.) 15.26 9.766 19.07 12.21 22.89 14.65 26.70 17.09 30.52 19.53 34.33 21.97 38.15 24.41 41.96 26.86 45.78 29.30 49.59 31.74 53.41 34.18 57.22 36.62 61.04 39.06 (ry = 1.010 in.) 21.44 12.25 26.80 15.31 32.16 18.38 37.52 21.44 42.88 24.50 48.23 27.56 53.59 30.63 58.95 33.69 64.31 36.75 69.67 39.81 75.03 42.88 80.39 45.94 85.75 49.00 4


Table 1C

17

Section Properties of Western Species Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Cont.)

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

6 7-1/2 9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24 25-1/2 27 28-1/2 30 31-1/2 33 34-1/2 36

30.75 38.44 46.13 53.81 61.50 69.19 76.88 84.56 92.25 99.94 107.6 115.3 123.0 130.7 138.4 146.1 153.8 161.4 169.1 176.8 184.5

92.25 180.2 311.3 494.4 738.0 1051 1441 1919 2491 3167 3955 4865 5904 7082 8406 9887 11530 13350 15350 17540 19930

6 7-1/2 9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24 25-1/2 27 28-1/2 30 31-1/2 33 34-1/2 36

33.00 41.25 49.50 57.75 66.00 74.25 82.50 90.75 99.00 107.3 115.5 123.8 132.0 140.3 148.5 156.8 165.0 173.3 181.5 189.8 198.0

99.00 193.4 334.1 530.6 792.0 1128 1547 2059 2673 3398 4245 5221 6336 7600 9021 10610 12380 14330 16470 18820 21380

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 5-1/8 in. Width 30.75 48.05 69.19 94.17 123.0 155.7 192.2 232.5 276.8 324.8 376.7 432.4 492.0 555.4 622.7 693.8 768.8 847.5 930.2 1017 1107 5-1/2 in. Width 33.00 51.56 74.25 101.1 132.0 167.1 206.3 249.6 297.0 348.6 404.3 464.1 528.0 596.1 668.3 744.6 825.0 909.6 998.3 1091 1188

rx (in.) 1.732 2.165 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 7.361 7.794 8.227 8.660 9.093 9.526 9.959 10.39 1.732 2.165 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 7.361 7.794 8.227 8.660 9.093 9.526 9.959 10.39


Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 1.479 in.) 67.31 26.27 84.13 32.83 101.0 39.40 117.8 45.96 134.6 52.53 151.4 59.10 168.3 65.66 185.1 72.23 201.9 78.80 218.7 85.36 235.6 91.93 252.4 98.50 269.2 105.1 286.0 111.6 302.9 118.2 319.7 124.8 336.5 131.3 353.4 137.9 370.2 144.5 387.0 151.0 403.8 157.6 (ry = 1.588 in.) 83.19 30.25 104.0 37.81 124.8 45.38 145.6 52.94 166.4 60.50 187.2 68.06 208.0 75.63 228.8 83.19 249.6 90.75 270.4 98.31 291.2 105.9 312.0 113.4 332.8 121.0 353.5 128.6 374.3 136.1 395.1 143.7 415.9 151.3 436.7 158.8 457.5 166.4 478.3 173.9 499.1 181.5 4


Depth d (in.)

18

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1C


Depth d (in.)

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

7-1/2 9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24 25-1/2 27 28-1/2 30 31-1/2 33 34-1/2 36 37-1/2 39 40-1/2 42 43-1/2 45 46-1/2 48 49-1/2 51 52-1/2 54 55-1/2 57 58-1/2 60

50.63 60.75 70.88 81.00 91.13 101.3 111.4 121.5 131.6 141.8 151.9 162.0 172.1 182.3 192.4 202.5 212.6 222.8 232.9 243.0 253.1 263.3 273.4 283.5 293.6 303.8 313.9 324.0 334.1 344.3 354.4 364.5 374.6 384.8 394.9 405.0

237.3 410.1 651.2 972.0 1384 1898 2527 3281 4171 5209 6407 7776 9327 11070 13020 15190 17580 20210 23100 26240 29660 33370 37370 41670 46300 51260 56560 62210 68220 74620 81400 88570 96160 104200 112600 121500

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 6-3/4 in. Width 63.28 91.13 124.0 162.0 205.0 253.1 306.3 364.5 427.8 496.1 569.5 648.0 731.5 820.1 913.8 1013 1116 1225 1339 1458 1582 1711 1845 1985 2129 2278 2433 2592 2757 2926 3101 3281 3465 3655 3850 4050


rx (in.) 2.165 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 7.361 7.794 8.227 8.660 9.093 9.526 9.959 10.39 10.83 11.26 11.69 12.12 12.56 12.99 13.42 13.86 14.29 14.72 15.16 15.59 16.02 16.45 16.89 17.32

Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 1.949 in.) 192.2 56.95 230.7 68.34 269.1 79.73 307.5 91.13 346.0 102.5 384.4 113.9 422.9 125.3 461.3 136.7 499.8 148.1 538.2 159.5 576.7 170.9 615.1 182.3 653.5 193.6 692.0 205.0 730.4 216.4 768.9 227.8 807.3 239.2 845.8 250.6 884.2 262.0 922.6 273.4 961.1 284.8 999.5 296.2 1038 307.5 1076 318.9 1115 330.3 1153 341.7 1192 353.1 1230 364.5 1269 375.9 1307 387.3 1346 398.7 1384 410.1 1422 421.5 1461 432.8 1499 444.2 1538 455.6 4


Table 1C

19


Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

9 10-1/2 12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24 25-1/2 27 28-1/2 30 31-1/2 33 34-1/2 36 37-1/2 39 40-1/2 42 43-1/2 45 46-1/2 48 49-1/2 51 52-1/2 54 55-1/2 57 58-1/2 60

78.75 91.88 105.0 118.1 131.3 144.4 157.5 170.6 183.8 196.9 210.0 223.1 236.3 249.4 262.5 275.6 288.8 301.9 315.0 328.1 341.3 354.4 367.5 380.6 393.8 406.9 420.0 433.1 446.3 459.4 472.5 485.6 498.8 511.9 525.0

531.6 844.1 1260 1794 2461 3276 4253 5407 6753 8306 10080 12090 14350 16880 19690 22790 26200 29940 34020 38450 43250 48440 54020 60020 66450 73310 80640 88440 96720 105500 114800 124700 135000 146000 157500

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 8-3/4 in. Width 118.1 160.8 210.0 265.8 328.1 397.0 472.5 554.5 643.1 738.3 840.0 948.3 1063 1185 1313 1447 1588 1736 1890 2051 2218 2392 2573 2760 2953 3153 3360 3573 3793 4020 4253 4492 4738 4991 5250

rx (in.) 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 7.361 7.794 8.227 8.660 9.093 9.526 9.959 10.39 10.83 11.26 11.69 12.12 12.56 12.99 13.42 13.86 14.29 14.72 15.16 15.59 16.02 16.45 16.89 17.32


Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 2.526 in.) 502.4 114.8 586.2 134.0 669.9 153.1 753.7 172.3 837.4 191.4 921.1 210.5 1005 229.7 1089 248.8 1172 268.0 1256 287.1 1340 306.3 1424 325.4 1507 344.5 1591 363.7 1675 382.8 1759 402.0 1842 421.1 1926 440.2 2010 459.4 2094 478.5 2177 497.7 2261 516.8 2345 535.9 2428 555.1 2512 574.2 2596 593.4 2680 612.5 2763 631.6 2847 650.8 2931 669.9 3015 689.1 3098 708.2 3182 727.3 3266 746.5 3350 765.6 4


Depth d (in.)

20

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1C


Depth d (in.)

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

12 13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24 25-1/2 27 28-1/2 30 31-1/2 33 34-1/2 36 37-1/2 39 40-1/2 42 43-1/2 45 46-1/2 48 49-1/2 51 52-1/2 54 55-1/2 57 58-1/2 60

129.0 145.1 161.3 177.4 193.5 209.6 225.8 241.9 258.0 274.1 290.3 306.4 322.5 338.6 354.8 370.9 387.0 403.1 419.3 435.4 451.5 467.6 483.8 499.9 516.0 532.1 548.3 564.4 580.5 596.6 612.8 628.9 645.0

1548 2204 3023 4024 5225 6642 8296 10200 12380 14850 17630 20740 24190 28000 32190 36790 41800 47240 53140 59510 66370 73740 81630 90070 99070 108700 118800 129600 141100 153100 165900 179300 193500

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 10-3/4 in. Width 258.0 326.5 403.1 487.8 580.5 681.3 790.1 907.0 1032 1165 1306 1455 1613 1778 1951 2133 2322 2520 2725 2939 3161 3390 3628 3874 4128 4390 4660 4938 5225 5519 5821 6132 6450


rx (in.) 3.464 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 7.361 7.794 8.227 8.660 9.093 9.526 9.959 10.39 10.83 11.26 11.69 12.12 12.56 12.99 13.42 13.86 14.29 14.72 15.16 15.59 16.02 16.45 16.89 17.32

Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 3.103 in.) 1242 231.1 1398 260.0 1553 288.9 1708 317.8 1863 346.7 2019 375.6 2174 404.5 2329 433.4 2485 462.3 2640 491.1 2795 520.0 2950 548.9 3106 577.8 3261 606.7 3416 635.6 3572 664.5 3727 693.4 3882 722.3 4037 751.2 4193 780.0 4348 808.9 4503 837.8 4659 866.7 4814 895.6 4969 924.5 5124 953.4 5280 982.3 5435 1011 5590 1040 5746 1069 5901 1098 6056 1127 6211 1156 4


Table 1C

21


Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

13-1/2 15 16-1/2 18 19-1/2 21 22-1/2 24 25-1/2 27 28-1/2 30 31-1/2 33 34-1/2 36 37-1/2 39 40-1/2 42 43-1/2 45 46-1/2 48 49-1/2 51 52-1/2 54 55-1/2 57 58-1/2 60

165.4 183.8 202.1 220.5 238.9 257.3 275.6 294.0 312.4 330.8 349.1 367.5 385.9 404.3 422.6 441.0 459.4 477.8 496.1 514.5 532.9 551.3 569.6 588.0 606.4 624.8 643.1 661.5 679.9 698.3 716.6 735.0

2512 3445 4586 5954 7569 9454 11630 14110 16930 20090 23630 27560 31910 36690 41920 47630 53830 60550 67810 75630 84030 93020 102600 112900 123800 135400 147700 160700 174500 189100 204400 220500

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 12-1/4 in. Width 372.1 459.4 555.8 661.5 776.3 900.4 1034 1176 1328 1488 1658 1838 2026 2223 2430 2646 2871 3105 3349 3602 3863 4134 4415 4704 5003 5310 5627 5954 6289 6633 6987 7350

rx (in.) 3.897 4.330 4.763 5.196 5.629 6.062 6.495 6.928 7.361 7.794 8.227 8.660 9.093 9.526 9.959 10.39 10.83 11.26 11.69 12.12 12.56 12.99 13.42 13.86 14.29 14.72 15.16 15.59 16.02 16.45 16.89 17.32


Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 3.536 in.) 2068 337.6 2298 375.2 2528 412.7 2757 450.2 2987 487.7 3217 525.2 3447 562.7 3677 600.3 3906 637.8 4136 675.3 4366 712.8 4596 750.3 4825 787.8 5055 825.3 5285 862.9 5515 900.4 5745 937.9 5974 975.4 6204 1013 6434 1050 6664 1088 6893 1125 7123 1163 7353 1201 7583 1238 7813 1276 8042 1313 8272 1351 8502 1388 8732 1426 8962 1463 9191 1501 4


Depth d (in.)

22

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1D

Depth d (in.)

Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural Glued Laminated Timber

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in.4)

5-1/2 6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8

13.75 17.19 20.63 24.06 27.50 30.94 34.38 37.81 41.25 44.69 48.13 51.56 55.00 58.44

34.66 67.70 117.0 185.8 277.3 394.8 541.6 720.9 935.9 1190 1486 1828 2218 2661

5-1/2 6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8

16.50 20.63 24.75 28.88 33.00 37.13 41.25 45.38 49.50 53.63 57.75 61.88 66.00 70.13

41.59 81.24 140.4 222.9 332.8 473.8 649.9 865.0 1123 1428 1783 2193 2662 3193

5-1/2 6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8

17.19 21.48 25.78 30.08 34.38 38.67 42.97 47.27 51.56 55.86 60.16 64.45 68.75 73.05

43.33 84.62 146.2 232.2 346.6 493.5 677.0 901.1 1170 1487 1858 2285 2773 3326

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 2-1/2 in. Width 12.60 19.69 28.36 38.60 50.42 63.81 78.78 95.32 113.4 133.1 154.4 177.2 201.7 227.7 3 in. Width 15.13 23.63 34.03 46.32 60.50 76.57 94.53 114.4 136.1 159.8 185.3 212.7 242.0 273.2 3-1/8 in. Width 15.76 24.62 35.45 48.25 63.02 79.76 98.47 119.1 141.8 166.4 193.0 221.6 252.1 284.6 AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

rx (in.) 1.588 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 1.588 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 1.588 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748

Y-Y Axis Iy (in.4) Sy (in.3) (ry = 0.722 in.) 7.161 5.729 8.952 7.161 10.74 8.594 12.53 10.03 14.32 11.46 16.11 12.89 17.90 14.32 19.69 15.76 21.48 17.19 23.27 18.62 25.07 20.05 26.86 21.48 28.65 22.92 30.44 24.35 (ry = 0.866 in.) 12.38 8.250 15.47 10.31 18.56 12.38 21.66 14.44 24.75 16.50 27.84 18.56 30.94 20.63 34.03 22.69 37.13 24.75 40.22 26.81 43.31 28.88 46.41 30.94 49.50 33.00 52.59 35.06 (ry = 0.902 in.) 13.99 8.952 17.48 11.19 20.98 13.43 24.48 15.67 27.97 17.90 31.47 20.14 34.97 22.38 38.46 24.62 41.96 26.86 45.46 29.09 48.96 31.33 52.45 33.57 55.95 35.81 59.45 38.05


Table 1D

Depth d (in.)

23

Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Cont.)

Ix (in. )

5-1/2 6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8

19.25 24.06 28.88 33.69 38.50 43.31 48.13 52.94 57.75 62.56 67.38 72.19 77.00 81.81

48.53 94.78 163.8 260.1 388.2 552.7 758.2 1009 1310 1666 2081 2559 3106 3725

6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8 24-3/4 26-1/8 27-1/2 28-7/8 30-1/4 31-5/8 33 34-3/8 35-3/4

34.38 41.25 48.13 55.00 61.88 68.75 75.63 82.50 89.38 96.25 103.1 110.0 116.9 123.8 130.6 137.5 144.4 151.3 158.1 165.0 171.9 178.8

135.4 234.0 371.5 554.6 789.6 1083 1442 1872 2380 2972 3656 4437 5322 6317 7429 8665 10030 11530 13180 14970 16920 19040

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 3-1/2 in. Width 17.65 27.57 39.70 54.04 70.58 89.33 110.3 133.4 158.8 186.4 216.2 248.1 282.3 318.7 5 in. Width 39.39 56.72 77.20 100.8 127.6 157.6 190.6 226.9 266.3 308.8 354.5 403.3 455.3 510.5 568.8 630.2 694.8 762.6 833.5 907.5 984.7 1065

rx (in.) 1.588 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 7.145 7.542 7.939 8.335 8.732 9.129 9.526 9.923 10.32


Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 1.010 in.) 19.65 11.23 24.56 14.04 29.48 16.84 34.39 19.65 39.30 22.46 44.21 25.27 49.13 28.07 54.04 30.88 58.95 33.69 63.87 36.49 68.78 39.30 73.69 42.11 78.60 44.92 83.52 47.72 (ry = 1.443 in.) 71.61 28.65 85.94 34.38 100.3 40.10 114.6 45.83 128.9 51.56 143.2 57.29 157.6 63.02 171.9 68.75 186.2 74.48 200.5 80.21 214.8 85.94 229.2 91.67 243.5 97.40 257.8 103.1 272.1 108.9 286.5 114.6 300.8 120.3 315.1 126.0 329.4 131.8 343.8 137.5 358.1 143.2 372.4 149.0 4


Area A (in.2)

24

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1D


Depth d (in.)

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in.4)

6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8 24-3/4 26-1/8 27-1/2 28-7/8 30-1/4 31-5/8 33 34-3/8 35-3/4

35.23 42.28 49.33 56.38 63.42 70.47 77.52 84.56 91.61 98.66 105.7 112.8 119.8 126.8 133.9 140.9 148.0 155.0 162.1 169.1 176.2 183.2

138.8 239.8 380.8 568.4 809.4 1110 1478 1919 2439 3047 3747 4548 5455 6475 7615 8882 10280 11820 13510 15350 17350 19510

6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8 24-3/4 26-1/8 27-1/2 28-7/8 30-1/4 31-5/8 33 34-3/8 35-3/4

37.81 45.38 52.94 60.50 68.06 75.63 83.19 90.75 98.31 105.9 113.4 121.0 128.6 136.1 143.7 151.3 158.8 166.4 173.9 181.5 189.1 196.6

148.9 257.4 408.7 610.0 868.6 1191 1586 2059 2618 3269 4021 4880 5854 6949 8172 9532 11030 12690 14500 16470 18620 20940

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 5-1/8 in. Width 40.37 58.14 79.13 103.4 130.8 161.5 195.4 232.5 272.9 316.5 363.4 413.4 466.7 523.2 583.0 646 712.2 781.6 854.3 930.2 1009 1092 5-1/2 in. Width 43.33 62.39 84.92 110.9 140.4 173.3 209.7 249.6 292.9 339.7 389.9 443.7 500.9 561.5 625.6 693.2 764.3 838.8 916.8 998.3 1083 1172 AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

rx (in.) 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 7.145 7.542 7.939 8.335 8.732 9.129 9.526 9.923 10.32 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 7.145 7.542 7.939 8.335 8.732 9.129 9.526 9.923 10.32

Y-Y Axis Iy (in.4) Sy (in.3) (ry = 1.479 in.) 77.12 30.10 92.55 36.12 108.0 42.13 123.4 48.15 138.8 54.17 154.2 60.19 169.7 66.21 185.1 72.23 200.5 78.25 215.9 84.27 231.4 90.29 246.8 96.31 262.2 102.3 277.6 108.3 293.1 114.4 308.5 120.4 323.9 126.4 339.3 132.4 354.8 138.4 370.2 144.5 385.6 150.5 401.0 156.5 (ry = 1.588 in.) 95.32 34.66 114.4 41.59 133.4 48.53 152.5 55.46 171.6 62.39 190.6 69.32 209.7 76.26 228.8 83.19 247.8 90.12 266.9 97.05 286.0 104.0 305.0 110.9 324.1 117.8 343.1 124.8 362.2 131.7 381.3 138.6 400.3 145.6 419.4 152.5 438.5 159.4 457.5 166.4 476.6 173.3 495.7 180.2


Table 1D

25


Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

6-7/8 8-1/4 9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8 24-3/4 26-1/8 27-1/2 28-7/8 30-1/4 31-5/8 33 34-3/8 35-3/4 37-1/8 38-1/2 39-7/8 41-1/4 42-5/8 44 45-3/8 46-3/4 48-1/8 49-1/2 50-7/8 52-1/4 53-5/8 55 56-3/8 57-3/4 59-1/8 60-1/2

46.41 55.69 64.97 74.25 83.53 92.81 102.1 111.4 120.7 129.9 139.2 148.5 157.8 167.1 176.3 185.6 194.9 204.2 213.5 222.8 232.0 241.3 250.6 259.9 269.2 278.4 287.7 297.0 306.3 315.6 324.8 334.1 343.4 352.7 362.0 371.3 380.5 389.8 399.1 408.4

182.8 315.9 501.6 748.7 1066 1462 1946 2527 3213 4012 4935 5990 7184 8528 10030 11700 13540 15570 17790 20210 22850 25700 28780 32100 35660 39480 43560 47920 52550 57470 62700 68220 74070 80240 86740 93590 100800 108300 116300 124600

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 6-3/4 in. Width 53.17 76.57 104.2 136.1 172.3 212.7 257.4 306.3 359.5 416.9 478.6 544.5 614.7 689.1 767.8 850.8 938.0 1029 1125 1225 1329 1438 1551 1668 1789 1914 2044 2178 2316 2459 2606 2757 2912 3071 3235 3403 3575 3752 3933 4118

rx (in.) 1.985 2.382 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 7.145 7.542 7.939 8.335 8.732 9.129 9.526 9.923 10.32 10.72 11.11 11.51 11.91 12.30 12.70 13.10 13.50 13.89 14.29 14.69 15.08 15.48 15.88 16.27 16.67 17.07 17.46


Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 1.949 in.) 176.2 52.21 211.4 62.65 246.7 73.09 281.9 83.53 317.2 93.97 352.4 104.4 387.6 114.9 422.9 125.3 458.1 135.7 493.4 146.2 528.6 156.6 563.8 167.1 599.1 177.5 634.3 187.9 669.6 198.4 704.8 208.8 740.0 219.3 775.3 229.7 810.5 240.2 845.8 250.6 881.0 261.0 916.2 271.5 951.5 281.9 986.7 292.4 1022 302.8 1057 313.2 1092 323.7 1128 334.1 1163 344.6 1198 355.0 1233 365.4 1269 375.9 1304 386.3 1339 396.8 1374 407.2 1410 417.7 1445 428.1 1480 438.5 1515 449.0 1551 459.4 4


Depth d (in.)

26

SECTION PROPERTIES

Table 1D


Depth d (in.)

Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

9-5/8 11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8 24-3/4 26-1/8 27-1/2 28-7/8 30-1/4 31-5/8 33 34-3/8 35-3/4 37-1/8 38-1/2 39-7/8 41-1/4 42-5/8 44 45-3/8 46-3/4 48-1/8 49-1/2 50-7/8 52-1/4 53-5/8 55 56-3/8 57-3/4 59-1/8 60-1/2

81.81 93.50 105.2 116.9 128.6 140.3 151.9 163.6 175.3 187.0 198.7 210.4 222.1 233.8 245.4 257.1 268.8 280.5 292.2 303.9 315.6 327.3 338.9 350.6 362.3 374.0 385.7 397.4 409.1 420.8 432.4 444.1 455.8 467.5 479.2 490.9 502.6 514.3

631.6 942.8 1342 1841 2451 3182 4046 5053 6215 7542 9047 10740 12630 14730 17050 19610 22400 25460 28770 32360 36240 40420 44910 49720 54860 60340 66170 72370 78950 85910 93270 101000 109200 117800 126900 136400 146400 156900

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 8-1/2 in. Width 131.2 171.4 216.9 267.8 324.1 385.7 452.6 525.0 602.6 685.7 774.1 867.8 966.9 1071 1181 1296 1417 1543 1674 1811 1953 2100 2253 2411 2574 2743 2917 3096 3281 3471 3667 3868 4074 4285 4502 4725 4952 5185


rx (in.) 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 7.145 7.542 7.939 8.335 8.732 9.129 9.526 9.923 10.32 10.72 11.11 11.51 11.91 12.30 12.70 13.10 13.50 13.89 14.29 14.69 15.08 15.48 15.88 16.27 16.67 17.07 17.46

Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 2.454 in.) 492.6 115.9 562.9 132.5 633.3 149.0 703.7 165.6 774.1 182.1 844.4 198.7 914.8 215.2 985.2 231.8 1056 248.4 1126 264.9 1196 281.5 1267 298.0 1337 314.6 1407 331.1 1478 347.7 1548 364.3 1618 380.8 1689 397.4 1759 413.9 1830 430.5 1900 447.0 1970 463.6 2041 480.2 2111 496.7 2181 513.3 2252 529.8 2322 546.4 2393 562.9 2463 579.5 2533 596.1 2604 612.6 2674 629.2 2744 645.7 2815 662.3 2885 678.8 2955 695.4 3026 712.0 3096 728.5 4


Table 1D

27


Area A (in.2)

Ix (in. )

11 12-3/8 13-3/4 15-1/8 16-1/2 17-7/8 19-1/4 20-5/8 22 23-3/8 24-3/4 26-1/8 27-1/2 28-7/8 30-1/4 31-5/8 33 34-3/8 35-3/4 37-1/8 38-1/2 39-7/8 41-1/4 42-5/8 44 45-3/8 46-3/4 48-1/8 49-1/2 50-7/8 52-1/4 53-5/8 55 56-3/8 57-3/4 59-1/8 60-1/2

115.5 129.9 144.4 158.8 173.3 187.7 202.1 216.6 231.0 245.4 259.9 274.3 288.8 303.2 317.6 332.1 346.5 360.9 375.4 389.8 404.3 418.7 433.1 447.6 462.0 476.4 490.9 505.3 519.8 534.2 548.6 563.1 577.5 591.9 606.4 620.8 635.3

1165 1658 2275 3028 3931 4997 6242 7677 9317 11180 13270 15600 18200 21070 24220 27680 31440 35540 39980 44770 49930 55480 61420 67760 74540 81740 89400 97530 106100 115200 124800 134900 145600 156800 168500 180900 193800

4

X-X Axis Sx (in.3) 10-1/2 in. Width 211.8 268.0 330.9 400.3 476.4 559.2 648.5 744.4 847.0 956.2 1072 1194 1323 1459 1601 1750 1906 2068 2237 2412 2594 2783 2978 3180 3388 3603 3825 4053 4288 4529 4778 5032 5294 5562 5836 6118 6405

rx (in.) 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.160 5.557 5.954 6.351 6.748 7.145 7.542 7.939 8.335 8.732 9.129 9.526 9.923 10.32 10.72 11.11 11.51 11.91 12.30 12.70 13.10 13.50 13.89 14.29 14.69 15.08 15.48 15.88 16.27 16.67 17.07 17.46


Y-Y Axis Iy (in. ) Sy (in.3) (ry = 3.031 in.) 1061 202.1 1194 227.4 1326 252.7 1459 277.9 1592 303.2 1724 328.5 1857 353.7 1990 379.0 2122 404.3 2255 429.5 2388 454.8 2520 480.0 2653 505.3 2786 530.6 2918 555.8 3051 581.1 3183 606.4 3316 631.6 3449 656.9 3581 682.2 3714 707.4 3847 732.7 3979 758.0 4112 783.2 4245 808.5 4377 833.8 4510 859.0 4643 884.3 4775 909.6 4908 934.8 5040 960.1 5173 985.4 5306 1011 5438 1036 5571 1061 5704 1086 5836 1112 4


Depth d (in.)

28

SECTION PROPERTIES


only to be used with the 2005 NDS® and Wood Structural Design Data

2005 DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION – NDS SUPPLEMENT

29

REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES 4

Table 4A Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ........................... s30 Table 4B Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ............................................................. s37 Table 4C Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber ..................................... s40 Table 4D Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Timbers (5" x 5" and larger) ................................... s44 Table 4E Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Decking ....................................................................... s51 Table 4F Reference Design Values for Non-North American Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ............................................................. s55 Table 5A Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in bending) ................................................ s59 Table 5B Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compression) ............. s64 Table 5C Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in bending) ................................. s67 Table 5D Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compression) .............................................................. s69


2005 REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES

30

Table 4A

Adjustment Factors


Repetitive Member Factor, Cr

Bending design values, Fb, for dimension lumber 2" to 4" thick shall be multiplied by the repetitive member factor, Cr = 1.15, when such members are used as joists, truss chords, rafters, studs, planks, decking, or similar members which are in contact or spaced not more than 24" on center, are not less than 3 in number and are joined by floor, roof, or other load distributing elements adequate to support the design load.

Flat Use Factor, Cfu

Bending design values adjusted by size factors are based on edgewise use (load applied to narrow face). When dimension lumber is used flatwise (load applied to wide face), the bending design value, Fb, shall also be multiplied by the following flat use factors: Flat Use Factors, Cfu

Wet Service Factor, CM

When dimension lumber is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table:

Thickness (breadth)

Width (depth)

2" & 3"

4"

2" & 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" & wider

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.15 1.2

— 1.0 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.1

Wet Service Factors, CM Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E and Emin

NOTE

0.85*

1.0

0.97

0.67

0.8**

0.9

To facilitate the use of Table 4A, shading has been employed to distinguish design values based on a 4" nominal width (Construction, Standard, and Utility grades) or a 6" nominal width (Stud grade) from design values based on a 12" nominal width (Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, and No.3 grades).

* when (Fb)(CF) ≤ 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0 ** when (Fc)(CF) ≤ 750 psi, CM = 1.0

Size Factor, CF

Tabulated bending, tension, and compression parallel to grain design values for dimension lumber 2" to 4" thick shall be multiplied by the following size factors: Size Factors, CF Fb

Ft

Fc

Thickness (breadth) Grades Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, No.3

Stud Construction, Standard Utility

Width (depth) 2", 3", & 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" & wider 2", 3", & 4" 5" & 6" 8" & wider 2", 3", & 4" 4" 2" & 3"

2" & 3"

4"

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Use No.3 Grade tabulated design values and size factors 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

1.0 —

1.0 0.4

1.15 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6


Table 4A

31

Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,2,3

USE WITH TABLE 4A ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)

Species and commercial grade

Size classification

250

ALASKA CEDAR Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

Bending Fb

Tension parallel to grain Ft

2" & wider 2" & wider 2" - 4" wide

Shear parallel to grain Fv 150

Compression perpendicular to grain Fc⊥ 180

Compression parallel to grain Fc

520

Modulus of Elasticity E 900

Emin

Grading Rules Agency

1,000,000

1,150 975 800 450 625 900 500 250

625 525 425 250 350 500 275 125

165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165

525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525

1,000 900 750 425 475 950 775 500

1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

510,000 470,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

1,300 900 825 475 650 950 525 250

825 550 475 275 375 550 300 150

185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185

440 440 440 440 440 440 440 440

1,200 1,100 1,050 600 650 1,250 1,050 700

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000

620,000 580,000 550,000 510,000 510,000 510,000 470,000 440,000

1,400 950 875 500 675 1,000 550 275

900 600 500 300 400 575 325 150

160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160

330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330

1,200 1,100 1,050 600 675 1,250 1,050 700

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000

580,000 550,000 510,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 440,000 400,000

1,350 900 800 475 625 925 500 250

800 525 450 250 350 500 275 125

225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225

510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510

1,200 1,050 1,000 575 625 1,250 1,050 675

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,100,000 1,100,000

550,000 510,000 470,000 440,000 440,000 470,000 400,000 400,000

875 625 600 350 475 700 375 175

500 375 350 200 275 400 225 100

120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265

725 600 450 275 300 625 475 300

1,100,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 800,000

400,000 400,000 370,000 330,000 330,000 330,000 330,000 290,000

1,200 1,000 825 475 650 925 525 250

650 550 450 250 350 500 275 125

160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160

615 615 615 615 615 615 615 615

1,200 1,050 900 525 575 1,100 925 600

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

510,000 510,000 470,000 440,000 440,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

WCLIB

ALASKA HEMLOCK Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WWPA

ALASKA SPRUCE Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WWPA

ALASKA YELLOW CEDAR Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB WWPA

ASPEN Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NELMA NSLB WWPA

BALDCYPRESS Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility



4

SPIB

REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES


(All species except Southern Pine — see Table 4B) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)


32

Table 4A (Cont.)



(All species except Southern Pine — see Table 4B) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.) USE WITH TABLE 4A ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

250

BEECH-BIRCH-HICKORY Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

Bending Fb






520


Emin


1,000,000

1,450 1,050 1,000 575 775 1,150 650 300

850 600 600 350 450 675 375 175

195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195

715 715 715 715 715 715 715 715

1,200 950 750 425 475 1,000 775 500

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000

620,000 580,000 550,000 470,000 470,000 510,000 470,000 440,000

875 625 625 350 475 700 400 175

525 375 350 200 275 400 225 100

125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125

320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320

775 625 475 275 300 650 500 325

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000

440,000 440,000 400,000 370,000 370,000 370,000 330,000 330,000

1,500 1,200 1,000 900 525 700 1,000 575 275

1,000 800 675 575 325 450 650 375 175

180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180

625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625

1,700 1,550 1,500 1,350 775 850 1,650 1,400 900

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000

690,000 660,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000 550,000 510,000 470,000

1,350 1,150 850 475 650 950 525 250

825 750 500 300 400 575 325 150

180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180

625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625

1,900 1,800 1,400 825 900 1,800 1,450 950

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000

690,000 660,000 580,000 510,000 510,000 550,000 510,000 470,000

1,350 925 850 500 675 975 550 250

900 600 525 300 425 600 350 150

180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180

520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520

1,600 1,450 1,350 775 850 1,650 1,400 900

1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

510,000 470,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

1,250 775 575 350 450 675 375 175

575 350 275 150 200 300 175 75

140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140

335 335 335 335 335 335 335 335

1,200 1,000 825 475 525 1,050 850 550

1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000

440,000 400,000 400,000 330,000 330,000 370,000 330,000 290,000

NELMA

COTTONWOOD Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NSLB

DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH Select Structural No.1 & Btr No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

2" & wider

2" & wider 2" - 4" wide

WCLIB WWPA

DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH (NORTH) Select Structural No.1 & Btr No.1/No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NLGA

DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WWPA

EASTERN HEMLOCK-BALSAM FIR Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility



NELMA NSLB


Table 4A (Cont.)

33




Size classification

EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


Bending Fb


250




520


Emin


1,000,000

1,250 775 575 350 450 675 375 175

575 350 275 150 200 300 175 75

170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170

555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555

1,200 1,000 825 475 525 1,050 850 550

1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000

440,000 400,000 400,000 330,000 330,000 370,000 330,000 290,000

NELMA NSLB

1,250 775 575 350 450 675 375 175

575 350 275 150 200 300 175 75

140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140

335 335 335 335 335 335 335 335

1,200 1,000 825 475 525 1,050 850 550

1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000

440,000 400,000 400,000 330,000 330,000 370,000 330,000 290,000

NELMA NSLB

1,250 775 575 350 450 675 375 175

575 350 275 150 200 300 175 75

135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350

1,200 1,000 825 475 525 1,050 850 550

1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000

440,000 400,000 400,000 330,000 330,000 370,000 330,000 290,000

NELMA NSLB

1,400 1,100 975 850 500 675 975 550 250

925 725 625 525 300 400 600 325 150

150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150

405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405

1,500 1,350 1,350 1,300 725 800 1,550 1,300 850

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000

580,000 550,000 550,000 470,000 440,000 440,000 470,000 440,000 400,000

1,300 1,200 1,000 575 775 1,150 650 300

775 725 575 325 450 650 350 175

145 145 145 145 145 145 145 145

405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405

1,700 1,550 1,450 850 925 1,750 1,500 975

1,700,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000

620,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000 550,000 510,000 470,000

1,000 725 700 400 550 800 450 225

600 425 425 250 325 475 275 125

195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195

620 620 620 620 620 620 620 620

875 700 550 325 350 725 575 375

1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000

470,000 440,000 400,000 370,000 370,000 400,000 370,000 330,000

EASTERN SOFTWOODS Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


EASTERN WHITE PINE Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


HEM-FIR Select Structural No.1 & Btr No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

2" & wider

2" & wider 2" - 4" wide

WCLIB WWPA

HEM-FIR (NORTH) Select Structural No.1 & Btr No.1/No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

2" & wider

2" & wider 2" - 4" wide

NLGA

MIXED MAPLE Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility



4

NELMA





34

Table 4A (Cont.)





Size classification

250

MIXED OAK Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

Bending Fb






520


Emin


1,000,000

1,150 825 800 475 625 925 525 250

675 500 475 275 375 550 300 150

170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170

800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800

1,000 825 625 375 400 850 650 425

1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 800,000 900,000 800,000 800,000

400,000 370,000 330,000 290,000 290,000 330,000 290,000 290,000

1,400 1,000 975 550 750 1,100 625 300

800 575 575 325 450 650 350 175

220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220

885 885 885 885 885 885 885 885

1,150 925 725 425 450 975 750 500

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

510,000 510,000 470,000 440,000 440,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

1,000 600 350 475 700 400 175

450 275 150 225 300 175 75

110 110 110 110 110 110 110

350 350 350 350 350 350 350

1,100 850 500 550 1,050 875 575

1,100,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 370,000 370,000 370,000 330,000 330,000

775 575 550 325 425 625 350 175

450 325 325 175 250 375 200 100

120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370

750 600 475 275 300 625 475 325

800,000 700,000 700,000 600,000 600,000 700,000 600,000 600,000

290,000 260,000 260,000 220,000 220,000 260,000 220,000 220,000

1,300 925 900 525 700 1,050 575 275

750 550 525 300 425 600 325 150

210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210

615 615 615 615 615 615 615 615

1,100 900 700 400 450 925 725 475

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000

620,000 580,000 550,000 470,000 470,000 510,000 470,000 440,000

1,150 825 800 475 625 925 525 250

675 500 475 275 375 550 300 150

170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170

820 820 820 820 820 820 820 820

1,000 825 625 375 400 850 650 425

1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

510,000 470,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

NELMA

NORTHERN RED OAK Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NELMA

NORTHERN SPECIES Select Structural No.1/No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NLGA

NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NELMA

RED MAPLE Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NELMA

RED OAK Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility



NELMA


Table 4A (Cont.)

35




Size classification

250

REDWOOD Clear Structural Select Structural Select Structural, open grain No.1 No.1, open grain No.2 No.2, open grain No.3 No.3, open grain Stud Construction Standard Utility

Bending Fb


2" & wider

2" & wider 2" - 4" wide




520


Emin


1,000,000

1,750 1,350 1,100 975 775 925 725 525 425 575 825 450 225

1,000 800 625 575 450 525 425 300 250 325 475 275 125

160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160

650 650 425 650 425 650 425 650 425 425 425 425 425

1,850 1,500 1,100 1,200 900 950 700 550 400 450 925 725 475

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000 1,300,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 800,000

510,000 510,000 400,000 470,000 400,000 440,000 370,000 400,000 330,000 330,000 330,000 330,000 290,000

RIS

1,250 875 500 675 1,000 550 275

700 450 250 350 500 275 125

135 135 135 135 135 135 135

425 425 425 425 425 425 425

1,400 1,150 650 725 1,400 1,150 750

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000

550,000 510,000 440,000 440,000 470,000 440,000 400,000

NLGA

1,300 875 775 450 600 875 500 225

575 400 350 200 275 400 225 100

135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

335 335 335 335 335 335 335 335

1,200 1,050 1,000 575 625 1,200 1,000 675

1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000

470,000 440,000 400,000 370,000 370,000 370,000 330,000 330,000

NELMA NSLB WCLIB WWPA

1,000 725 700 400 550 800 450 225

600 425 425 250 325 475 275 125

155 155 155 155 155 155 155 155

425 425 425 425 425 425 425 425

1,000 825 650 375 400 850 650 425

1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 800,000 800,000

400,000 370,000 370,000 330,000 330,000 330,000 290,000 290,000

WCLIB WWPA

900 675 675 375 525 775 425 200

400 300 300 175 225 350 200 100

135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

335 335 335 335 335 335 335 335

1,050 950 900 525 575 1,100 925 600

1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000

440,000 400,000 370,000 330,000 330,000 370,000 330,000 290,000

WCLIB WWPA

SPRUCE-PINE-FIR Select Structural No.1/No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


SPRUCE-PINE-FIR (SOUTH) Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WESTERN CEDARS Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WESTERN WOODS Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility







36

Table 4A (Cont.)





Size classification

250

WHITE OAK Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility

Bending Fb






520


Emin


1,000,000

1,200 875 850 475 650 950 525 250

700 500 500 275 375 550 325 150

220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220

800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800

1,100 900 700 400 450 925 725 475

1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 800,000 900,000 800,000 800,000

400,000 370,000 330,000 290,000 290,000 330,000 290,000 290,000

1,000 725 700 400 550 800 450 200

575 425 400 225 325 475 250 125

145 145 145 145 145 145 145 145

420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420

900 725 575 325 350 750 575 375

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,100,000 1,100,000

550,000 510,000 470,000 440,000 440,000 470,000 400,000 400,000

NELMA

YELLOW POPLAR Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


NSLB

1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 2" to 4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design values, the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of size reductions due to shrinkage. 2. STRESS-RATED BOARDS. Stress-rated boards of nominal 1", 1-¼" and 1-½" thickness, 2" and wider, of most species, are permitted to use the design values shown for Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, No.3, Stud, Construction, Standard, Utility, and Clear Structural grades as shown in the 2" to 4" thick categories herein, when graded in accordance with the stress-rated board provisions in the applicable grading rules. Information on stress-rated board grades applicable to the various species is available from the respective grading rules agencies. Information on additional design values may also be available from the respective grading rules agencies. 3. When individual species or species groups are combined, the design values to be used for the combination shall be the lowest design values for each individual species or species group for each design property.



37

Table 4B Adjustment Factors

Appropriate size adjustment factors have already been incorporated in the tabulated design values for most thicknesses of Southern Pine and Mixed Southern Pine dimension lumber. For dimension lumber 4" thick, 8" and wider (all grades except Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural 72, and Dense Structural 65), tabulated bending design values, Fb, shall be permitted to be multiplied by the size factor, CF = 1.1. For dimension lumber wider than 12" (all grades except Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural 72, and Dense Structural 65), tabulated bending, tension and compression parallel to grain design values for 12" wide lumber shall be multiplied by the size factor, CF = 0.9. When the depth, d, of Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural 72, or Dense Structural 65 dimension lumber exceeds 12", the tabulated bending design value, Fb, shall be multiplied by the following size factor:


Bending design values adjusted by size factors are based on edgewise use (load applied to narrow face). When dimension lumber is used flatwise (load applied to wide face), the bending design value, Fb, shall also be multiplied by the following flat use factors: Flat Use Factors, Cfu Thickness (breadth)

Width (depth)

2" & 3"

4"

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.15 1.2

— 1.0 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.1

2" & 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" & wider

Wet Service Factor, CM CF = (12/d)

1/9



When dimension lumber is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table (for surfaced dry Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural 72, and Dense Structural 65 use tabulated surfaced green design values for wet service conditions without further adjustment): Wet Service Factors, CM Fb 0.85*

Ft 1.0

Fv 0.97

* when (Fb)(CF) ≤ 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0 ** when (Fc) ≤ 750 psi, CM = 1.0


Fc⊥ 0.67

Fc E and Emin 0.8** 0.9



Size Factor, CF


38

Table 4B

Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,2,3,4,5


(Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.) USE WITH TABLE 4B ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

250

SOUTHERN PINE Dense Select Structural Select Structural Non-Dense Select Structural No.1 Dense No.1 No.1 Non-Dense No.2 Dense No.2 No.2 Non-Dense No.3 and Stud Construction Standard Utility Dense Select Structural Select Structural Non-Dense Select Structural No.1 Dense No.1 No.1 Non-Dense No.2 Dense No.2 No.2 Non-Dense No.3 and Stud Dense Select Structural Select Structural Non-Dense Select Structural No.1 Dense No.1 No.1 Non-Dense No.2 Dense No.2 No.2 Non-Dense No.3 and Stud Dense Select Structural Select Structural Non-Dense Select Structural No.1 Dense No.1 No.1 Non-Dense No.2 Dense No.2 No.2 Non-Dense No.3 and Stud Dense Select Structural Select Structural Non-Dense Select Structural No.1 Dense No.1 No.1 Non-Dense No.2 Dense No.2 No.2 Non-Dense No.3 and Stud

Bending Fb


2" - 4" wide

4" wide

5" - 6" wide

8" wide

10" wide

12" wide




520


Emin 1,000,000

3,050 2,850 2,650 2,000 1,850 1,700 1,700 1,500 1,350 850

1,650 1,600 1,350 1,100 1,050 900 875 825 775 475

175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175

660 565 480 660 565 480 660 565 480 565

2,250 2,100 1,950 2,000 1,850 1,700 1,850 1,650 1,600 975

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000

690,000 660,000 620,000 660,000 620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000

1,100 625 300

625 350 175

175 175 175

565 565 565

1,800 1,500 975

1,500,000 1,300,000 1,300,000

550,000 470,000 470,000

2,700 2,550 2,350 1,750 1,650 1,500 1,450 1,250 1,150 750

1,500 1,400 1,200 950 900 800 775 725 675 425

175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175

660 565 480 660 565 480 660 565 480 565

2,150 2,000 1,850 1,900 1,750 1,600 1,750 1,600 1,500 925

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000

690,000 660,000 620,000 660,000 620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000

2,450 2,300 2,100 1,650 1,500 1,350 1,400 1,200 1,100 700

1,350 1,300 1,100 875 825 725 675 650 600 400

175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175

660 565 480 660 565 480 660 565 480 565

2,050 1,900 1,750 1,800 1,650 1,550 1,700 1,550 1,450 875

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000

690,000 660,000 620,000 660,000 620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000

2,150 2,050 1,850 1,450 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,050 950 600

1,200 1,100 950 775 725 650 625 575 550 325

175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175

660 565 480 660 565 480 660 565 480 565

2,000 1,850 1,750 1,750 1,600 1,500 1,650 1,500 1,400 850

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000

690,000 660,000 620,000 660,000 620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000

2,050 1,900 1,750 1,350 1,250 1,150 1,150 975 900 575

1,100 1,050 900 725 675 600 575 550 525 325

175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175

660 565 480 660 565 480 660 565 480 565

1,950 1,800 1,700 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,600 1,450 1,350 825

1,900,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000

690,000 660,000 620,000 660,000 620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000



SPIB


Table 4B (Cont.)

39

Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,2,3,4,5

USE WITH TABLE 4B ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

Bending Fb

SOUTHERN PINE Dense Structural 86 Dense Structural 72 Dense Structural 65


Compression perpendicular to grain Fc⊥


Modulus of Elasticity E

Emin


(Surfaced Dry - Used in dry service conditions - 19% or less moisture content) 2" & wider

2,600 2,200 2,000

1,750 1,450 1,300

660,000 660,000 660,000

SPIB

2,100 1,750 1,600

1,400 1,200 1,050

165 165 165

440 440 440

1,300 1,100 1,000

1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000

580,000 580,000 580,000

SPIB

2,050 1,450 1,300 750

1,200 875 775 450

175 175 175 175

565 565 565 565

1,800 1,650 1,650 950

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000

580,000 550,000 510,000 440,000

1,000 550 275

600 325 150

175 175 175

565 565 565

1,700 1,450 950

1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000

470,000 440,000 400,000

1,850 1,300 1,150 675

1,100 750 675 400

175 175 175 175

565 565 565 565

1,700 1,550 1,550 875

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000

580,000 550,000 510,000 440,000

1,750 1,200 1,050 625

1,000 700 625 375

175 175 175 175

565 565 565 565

1,600 1,450 1,450 850

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000

580,000 550,000 510,000 440,000

1,500 1,050 925 525

875 600 550 325

175 175 175 175

565 565 565 565

1,600 1,450 1,450 825

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000

580,000 550,000 510,000 440,000

1,400 975 875 500

825 575 525 300

175 175 175 175

565 565 565 565

1,550 1,400 1,400 800

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000

580,000 550,000 510,000 440,000

SOUTHERN PINE Dense Structural 86 Dense Structural 72 Dense Structural 65

Shear parallel to grain Fv

175 175 175

660 660 660

2,000 1,650 1,500

1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000

(Surfaced Green - Used in any service condition) 2-1/2" & wider 2-1/2"-4" thick

MIXED SOUTHERN PINE Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 and Stud Construction Standard Utility Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 and Stud Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 and Stud Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 and Stud Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 and Stud

2" - 4" wide

4" wide

5" - 6" wide

8" wide

10" wide

12" wide

SPIB

1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 2" to 4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design values, the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of size reductions due to shrinkage. 2. STRESS-RATED BOARDS. Information for various grades of Southern Pine stress-rated boards of nominal 1", 1-¼", and 1-½" thickness, 2" and wider is available from the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) in the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber. 3. SPRUCE PINE. To obtain recommended design values for Spruce Pine graded to SPIB rules, multiply the appropriate design values for Mixed Southern Pine by the corresponding conversion factor shown below and round to the nearest 100,000 psi for E; to the nearest 10,000 psi for Emin; to the next lower multiple of 5 psi for Fv and Fc⊥; to the next lower multiple of 50 psi for Fb, Ft, and Fc if 1,000 psi or greater, 25 psi otherwise.

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR DETERMINING DESIGN VALUES FOR SPRUCE PINE Tension Shear Compression Compression Modulus parallel parallel perpendicular parallel of Bending to grain to grain to grain to grain Elasticity Fb Ft Fv Fc⊥ Fc E and Emin ⊥ Conversion Factor 0.78 0.78 0.98 0.73 0.78 0.82 4. SIZE FACTOR. For sizes wider than 12", use size factors for Fb, Ft, and Fc specified for the 12" width. Use 100% of the Fv, Fc⊥, E, and Emin specified for the 12" width. 5. When individual species or species groups are combined, the design values to be used for the combination shall be the lowest design values for each individual species or species group for each design property.




(Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)


40

Table 4C Adjustment Factors



Bending design values adjusted by size factors are based on edgewise use (load applied to narrow face). When dimension lumber is used flatwise (load applied to wide face), the bending design value, Fb, shall also be multiplied by the following flat use factors: Flat Use Factors, Cfu Width (depth)

Thickness (breadth)

2" & 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" & wider

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.15 1.2

2"




When dimension lumber is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table: Wet Service Factors, CM Fb 0.85*

Ft 1.0

Fv 0.97

* when Fb ≤ 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0 ** when Fc ≤ 750 psi, CM = 1.0


Fc⊥ 0.67

Fc 0.8**

E and Emin 0.9


Table 4C

41

Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber1,2,3 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)

Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

Bending Fb


900 1,200 1,250 1,350 1,400 1,450 1,450 1,500 1,600 1,650 1,650 1,650 1,650 1,650 1,700 1,750 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,950 1,950 2,000 2,100 2,250 2,250 2,250 2,250 2,250 2,400 2,400 2,500 2,500 2,550 2,700 2,700 2,850 3,000

350 600 800 750 800 800 875 900 950 1,020 1,020 1,075 1,175 1,020 1,175 1,125 1,300 1,175 1,200 1,375 1,375 1,300 1,575 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,600 1,750 1,925 1,925 1,750 1,925 2,050 1,800 2,150 2,300 2,400



Emin


MACHINE STRESS RATED (MSR) LUMBER 900f-1.0E 1200f-1.2E 1250f-1.4E 1350f-1.3E 1400f-1.2E 1450f-1.3E 1450f-1.5E 1500f-1.4E 1600f-1.4E 1650f-1.3E 1650f-1.5E 1650f-1.6E-1075ft 1650f-1.6E 1650f-1.8E 1700f-1.6E 1750f-2.0E 1800f-1.5E 1800f-1.6E 1800f-1.8E 1950f-1.5E 1950f-1.7E 2000f-1.6E 2100f-1.8E 2250f-1.7E 2250f-1.8E 2250f-1.9E 2250f-2.0E-1600ft 2250f-2.0E 2400f-1.8E 2400f-2.0E 2500f-2.2E 2500f-2.2E-1925ft 2550f-2.1E 2700f-2.0E 2700f-2.2E 2850f-2.3E 3000f-2.4E

2" and less in thickness 2" and wider

1,050 1,400 1,475 1,600 1,600 1,625 1,625 1,650 1,675 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,750 1,725 1,725 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,800 1,800 1,825 1,875 1,925 1,925 1,925 1,925 1,925 1,975 1,975 2,000 2,000 2,025 2,100 2,100 2,150 2,200

1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,500,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 1,500,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,900,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,200,000 2,100,000 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,300,000 2,400,000

510,000 610,000 710,000 660,000 610,000 660,000 760,000 710,000 710,000 660,000 760,000 810,000 810,000 910,000 810,000 1,020,000 760,000 810,000 910,000 760,000 860,000 810,000 910,000 860,000 910,000 970,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 910,000 1,020,000 1,120,000 1,120,000 1,070,000 1,020,000 1,120,000 1,170,000 1,220,000


WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, WWPA NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, WWPA NLGA, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA WCLIB, WWPA WCLIB, WWPA WCLIB, WWPA WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA SPIB, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, WWPA NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB WCLIB, WWPA NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB NLGA, SPIB



USE WITH TABLE 4C ADJUSTMENT FACTORS


42

Table 4C (Cont.)

Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber1,2,3 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)


USE WITH TABLE 4C ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

Bending Fb


900 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,400 1,550 1,600 1,600 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,950 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,300 2,350 2,400 2,700 2,750 2,800 3,000 2,200 1,550 2,050 2,850

500 600 650 700 800 800 850 850 950 1,000 1,100 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,300 1,600 1,400 1,500 1,900 1,800 2,000 1,800 2,000 1,600 850 1,050 1,600




Emin

MACHINE EVALUATED LUMBER (MEL) M-5 M-6 M-7 M-8 M-9 M-10 M-11 M-12 M-13 M-14 M-15 M-16 M-17[4] M-18 M-19 M-20[4] M-21 M-22 M-23 M-24 M-25 M-26 M-27[4] M-28 M-29 M-30 M-31

2" and less in thickness 2" and wider

1,050 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,600 1,675 1,675 1,675 1,750 1,750 1,750 2,050 1,825 1,825 2,100 1,950 1,950 1,975 2,100 2,100 2,150 2,400 1,900 1,650 1,850 2,150

1,100,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,500,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,700,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,900,000 1,900,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,900,000 2,200,000 2,000,000 2,100,000 1,700,000 1,700,000 1,700,000 1,900,000


510,000 470,000 510,000 610,000 650,000 560,000 700,000 750,000 650,000 790,000 700,000 700,000 790,000 840,000 750,000 890,000 890,000 790,000 840,000 890,000 1,030,000 930,000 980,000 790,000 790,000 790,000 890,000

SPIB SPIB SPIB SPIB SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB SPIB SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB NLGA, SPIB SPIB SPIB SPIB SPIB SPIB


43

1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 2" to 4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design values, the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of size reductions due to shrinkage. 2. SPECIFIC GRAVITY, G, SHEAR PARALLEL TO GRAIN, FV, AND COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN, Fc⊥. Values for specific gravity, G, shear parallel to grain, Fv, and compression perpendicular to grain, Fc⊥, are provided below for MSR and MEL lumber. For species or species groups not shown below, the G, Fv, and Fc⊥ values for visually graded lumber may be used. Higher G values may be claimed when (a) specifically assigned by the rules writing agency or (b) when qualified by test, quality controlled for G and provided for on the grade stamp. When a different G value is provided on the grade stamp, higher Fv and Fc⊥ design values may be calculated in accordance with the grading rule requirements. Design Values Species

Douglas Fir-Larch

Douglas Fir-Larch (N) Douglas Fir-South

Modulus of Elasticity E (x106), psi

Specific Gravity G

Shear Parallel to Grain Fv, psi

Compression Perpendicular to Grain Fc⊥⊥, psi

4 Grading Rules Agency

1.0 and higher

0.50

180

625

WCLIB, WWPA

2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55

180 180 180 185 185

670 690 715 735 760

WCLIB, WWPA

1.2 to 1.9 2.0 to 2.2

0.49 0.53

180 180

625 715

2.3 and higher

0.57

190

715

NLGA

1.0 and higher

0.46

180

520

WWPA

NLGA

Englemann Spruce-

1.0 and higher

0.38

135

335

WWPA

Lodgepole Pine

1.5 and higher

0.46

160

555

WWPA

1.0 and higher

0.43

150

405

WCLIB, WWPA

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52

155 160 160 165 170 170 175 190 190

510 535 555 580 600 625 645 670 690

Hem-Fir (N)

1.0 and higher

0.46

145

405

Southern Pine

1.0 and higher

0.55

175

565

SPIB

1.8 and higher

0.57

190

805

SPIB

1.2 and higher

0.42

135

425

NLGA

Hem-Fir

Spruce-Pine-Fir

Spruce-Pine-Fir (South)

WCLIB, WWPA

NLGA

1.8 to 1.9

0.46

160

525

NLGA

2.0 and higher

0.50

170

615

NLGA

1.0 and higher

0.36

135

335

NELMA, NSLB, WCLIB, WWPA

1.2 to 1.9

0.42

150

465

NELMA, NSLB

1.2 to 1.7 1.8 to 1.9

0.42 0.46

150 160

465 555

WWPA

2.0 and higher

0.50

175

645

NELMA, NSLB, WWPA

Western Cedars

1.0 and higher

0.36

155

425

WCLIB, WWPA

Western Woods

1.0 and higher

0.36

135

335

WCLIB, WWPA

3. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, E, AND TENSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN, Ft. For any given bending design value, Fb, the modulus of elasticity, E, and tension parallel to grain, Ft, design value may vary depending upon species, timber source, or other variables. The “E” and “Ft” values included in the “Fb-E” grade designations in Table 4C are those usually associated with each “Fb” level. Grade stamps may show higher or lower values if machine rating indicates the assignment is appropriate. Where the “E” or “Ft” values shown on a grade stamp differ from Table 4C values associated with the “Fb” on the grade stamp, the values on the stamp shall be used in design, and the “Fc” value associated with the “Fb” value in Table 4C shall be used. 4. COMPRESSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN, Fc. This grade requires “Fc” qualification and quality control.




Table 4C Footnotes


44

Table 4D Adjustment Factors


Size Factor, CF

When the depth, d, of a beam, stringer, post, or timber exceeds 12", the tabulated bending design value, Fb, shall be multiplied by the following size factor: CF = (12/d)1/9

When beams and stringers are subjected to loads applied to the wide face, tabulated design values shall be multiplied by the following size factors: Size Factors, CF

Grade Select Structural No.1 No.2

Fb E and Emin Other Properties 0.86 1.00 1.00 0.74 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00


When timbers are used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table (for Southern Pine and Mixed Southern Pine use tabulated design values without further adjustment): Wet Service Factors, CM Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.67

0.91


E and Emin 1.00


Table 4D

45

Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Timbers (5" x 5" and larger)1,3 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)



Size classification

ALASKA CEDAR

Bending Fb


250




520


Emin


1,000,000

Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,400 1,150 750

675 475 300

155 155 155

525 525 525

925 775 500

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,300 1,050 625

700 575 350

155 155 155

525 525 525

975 850 600

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000

5"x5" and Larger

1,150 1,000 625

750 675 425

200 200 175

615 615 615

1,050 925 600

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,350 1,100 725

900 750 350

125 125 125

305 305 305

950 800 500

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000

510,000 510,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,250 1,000 575

825 675 375

125 125 125

305 305 305

1,000 875 400

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000

510,000 510,000 400,000


Beams and Stringers

1,650 1,400 900

975 700 450

180 180 180

715 715 715

975 825 525

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 440,000


Posts and Timbers

1,550 1,250 725

1,050 850 475

180 180 180

715 715 715

1,050 900 425

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 440,000


Beams and Stringers

1,150 950 625

675 475 325

115 115 115

455 455 455

775 650 425

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 440,000

Select Structural No.1 No .2

Posts and Timbers

1,100 875 525

725 575 350

115 115 115

455 455 455

825 725 500

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 440,000

1,900 1,600 1,550 1,350 875

1,100 950 775 675 425

170 170 170 170 170

730 625 730 625 625

1,300 1,100 1,100 925 600

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,300,000

620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 470,000

1,750 1,500 1,400 1,200 750

1,150 1,000 950 825 475

170 170 170 170 170

730 625 730 625 625

1,350 1,150 1,200 1,000 700

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,300,000

620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 470,000

1,900 1,600 1,550 1,350 1,000 875

1,100 950 775 675 500 425

170 170 170 170 170 170

730 625 730 625 730 625

1,300 1,100 1,100 925 700 600

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,300,000

620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 470,000

1,750 1,500 1,400 1,200 850 750

1,150 1,000 950 825 550 475

170 170 170 170 170 170

730 625 730 625 730 625

1,350 1,150 1,200 1,000 825 700

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,300,000

620,000 580,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 470,000

4 WCLIB

BALDCYPRESS Select Structural No.1 No.2

SPIB

BALSAM FIR

NELMA NSLB

BEECH-BIRCH-HICKORY

NELMA

COAST SITKA SPRUCE

NLGA

DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH Dense Select Structural Select Structural Dense No.1 No.1 No.2 Dense Select Structural Select Structural Dense No.1 No.1 No.2 Dense Select Structural Select Structural Dense No.1 No.1 No.2 Dense No.2 Dense Select Structural Select Structural Dense No.1 No.1 No.2 Dense No.2

Beams and Stringers

Posts and Timbers

Beams and Stringers

Posts and Timbers


WCLIB

WWPA



USE WITH TABLE 4D ADJUSTMENT FACTORS


46

Table 4D (Cont.)



USE WITH TABLE 4D ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH (NORTH)

Bending Fb


250




520


Emin


1,000,000


Beams and Stringers

1,600 1,300 875

950 675 425

170 170 170

625 625 625

1,100 925 600

1,600,000 1,600,000 1,300,000

580,000 580,000 470,000


Posts and Timbers

1,500 1,200 725

1,000 825 475

170 170 170

625 625 625

1,150 1,000 700

1,600,000 1,600,000 1,300,000

580,000 580,000 470,000


Beams and Stringers

1,550 1,300 825

900 625 425

165 165 165

520 520 520

1,000 850 550

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,450 1,150 675

950 775 450

165 165 165

520 520 520

1,050 925 650

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,350 1,150 750

925 775 375

155 155 155

550 550 550

950 800 550

1,200,000 1,200,000 900,000

440,000 440,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,250 1,050 600

850 700 400

155 155 155

550 500 550

1,000 875 400

1,200,000 1,200,000 900,000

440,000 440,000 330,000

NLGA

DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH

WWPA

EASTERN HEMLOCK

NELMA NSLB

EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,400 1,150 750

925 775 375

155 155 155

555 555 555

950 800 500

1,200,000 1,200,000 900,000

440,000 440,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,300 1,050 600

875 700 400

155 155 155

555 555 555

1,000 875 400

1,200,000 1,200,000 900,000

440,000 440,000 330,000

NELMA NSLB

EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK (N) Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,450 1,200 775

850 600 400

165 165 165

555 555 555

950 800 500

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,350 1,100 650

900 725 425

165 165 165

555 555 555

1,000 875 600

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Beams and Stringers

1,050 900 575

725 600 275

135 135 135

390 390 390

750 625 375

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,000,000

510,000 510,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,000 800 450

675 550 300

135 135 135

390 390 390

775 675 300

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,000,000

510,000 510,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,050 875 575

700 600 275

125 125 125

350 350 350

675 575 400

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

975 800 450

650 525 300

125 125 125

350 350 350

725 625 325

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000

NLGA

EASTERN SPRUCE

NELMA NSLB

EASTERN WHITE PINE


NELMA NSLB


Table 4D (Cont.)

47




Size classification

HEM-FIR

Bending Fb


250




520


Emin


1,000,000


Beams and Stringers

1,300 1,050 675

750 525 350

140 140 140

405 405 405

925 750 500

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,200 975 575

800 650 375

140 140 140

405 405 405

975 850 575

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Beams and Stringers

1,250 1,000 675

725 500 325

135 135 135

405 405 405

900 750 475

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,150 925 550

775 625 375

135 135 135

405 405 405

950 850 575

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Beams and Stringers

1,150 975 625

700 500 325

180 180 180

620 620 620

725 600 375

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,100 875 500

725 600 350

180 180 180

620 620 620

750 650 300

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Beams and Stringers

1,350 1,150 725

800 550 375

155 155 155

800 800 800

825 700 450

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000


Posts and Timbers

1,250 1,000 575

850 675 400

155 155 155

800 800 800

875 775 350

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000

5"x5" and Larger

1,500 1,350 850

1,000 900 550

165 165 165

375 375 375

900 800 525

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,350 1,100 725

775 550 375

170 170 170

570 570 570

875 725 475

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,250 1,000 625

825 675 400

170 170 170

570 570 570

925 800 550

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Beams and Stringers

1,250 1,050 675

850 700 350

135 135 135

435 435 435

850 725 450

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,150 950 550

800 650 375

135 135 135

435 435 435

900 800 375

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,600 1,350 875

950 675 425

205 205 205

885 885 885

950 800 500

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,500 1,200 700

1,000 800 475

205 205 205

885 885 885

1,000 875 400

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000

4 WCLIB WWPA

HEM-FIR (NORTH)

NLGA

MIXED MAPLE

NELMA

MIXED OAK

MIXED SOUTHERN PINE 2 Select Structural No.1 No.2

NELMA

(Wet Service Conditions) SPIB

MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK

WCLIB WWPA

NORTHERN PINE

NELMA NSLB

NORTHERN RED OAK


NELMA





48

Table 4D (Cont.)





Size classification

Bending Fb






Emin


NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

900 750 500

600 500 250

115 115 115

370 370 370

600 500 325

700,000 700,000 600,000

260,000 260,000 220,000


Posts and Timbers

850 675 400

575 450 250

115 115 115

370 370 370

650 550 250

700,000 700,000 600,000

260,000 260,000 220,000


Beams and Stringers

1,100 925 600

725 500 300

130 130 130

535 535 535

750 625 400

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,000 825 475

675 550 325

130 130 130

535 535 535

800 700 325

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Beams and Stringers

1,500 1,250 800

875 625 400

195 195 195

615 615 615

900 750 475

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 440,000


Posts and Timbers

1,400 1,150 650

925 750 425

195 195 195

615 615 615

950 825 375

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 440,000


Beams and Stringers

1,350 1,150 725

800 550 375

155 155 155

820 820 820

825 700 450

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,250 1,000 575

850 675 400

155 155 155

820 820 820

875 775 350

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,050 875 575

625 450 300

130 130 130

440 440 440

725 600 375

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,000 800 475

675 550 325

130 130 130

440 440 440

775 675 475

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000

5" x 5" and Larger

1,850 1,400 1,100 1,200 950 1,000 750

1,250 950 750 800 650 525 400

145 145 145 145 145 145 145

650 650 420 650 420 650 420

1,650 1,200 900 1,050 800 900 650

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000 1,300,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 900,000

470,000 470,000 370,000 470,000 370,000 400,000 330,000

NELMA

PONDEROSA PINE

NLGA

RED MAPLE

NELMA

RED OAK

NELMA

RED PINE

NLGA

REDWOOD Clear Structural Select Structural Select Structural OG No.1 No.1 OG No.2 No.2 OG

RIS

SITKA SPRUCE Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,200 1,000 650

675 500 325

140 140 140

435 435 435

825 675 450

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,150 925 550

750 600 350

140 140 140

435 435 435

875 750 525

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,200 1,000 650

675 500 325

140 140 140

435 435 435

825 675 450

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,150 925 550

750 600 350

140 140 140

435 435 435

875 750 525

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 470,000 400,000


WCLIB

WWPA


Table 4D (Cont.)

49




Size classification

SOUTHERN PINE Dense Select Structural Select Structural No.1 Dense No.1 No.2 Dense No.2 Dense Select Structural 86 Dense Select Structural 72 Dense Select Structural 65

Bending Fb


250 5" x 5" and Larger




180(Wet Service 520Conditions) 900


Emin


1,000,000

1,750 1,500 1,550 1,350 975 850 2,100 1,750 1,600

1,200 1,000 1,050 900 650 550 1,400 1,200 1,050

165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165

440 375 440 375 440 375 440 440 440

1,100 950 975 825 625 525 1,300 1,100 1,000

1,600,000 1,500,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000

580,000 550,000 580,000 550,000 470,000 440,000 580,000 580,000 580,000

4 SPIB

SPRUCE-PINE-FIR Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,100 900 600

650 450 300

125 125 125

425 425 425

775 625 425

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,050 850 500

700 550 325

125 125 125

425 425 425

800 700 500

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,050 900 575

625 450 300

125 125 125

335 335 335

675 550 375

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

1,000 800 475

675 550 325

125 125 125

335 335 335

700 625 425

1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

440,000 440,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,150 975 625

675 475 325

140 140 140

425 425 425

875 725 475

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000


Posts and Timbers

1,100 875 550

725 600 350

140 140 140

425 425 425

925 800 550

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000

NLGA

SPRUCE-PINE-FIR (SOUTH) NELMA NSLB WWPA WCLIB

WESTERN CEDARS

WCLIB WWPA

WESTERN CEDARS (NORTH) Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,150 925 625

675 475 300

130 130 130

425 425 425

850 700 450

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000


Posts and Timbers

1,050 875 500

700 575 350

130 130 130

425 425 425

900 800 550

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000


Beams and Stringers

1,400 1,150 750

825 575 375

170 170 170

410 410 410

1,000 850 550

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000

510,000 510,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,300 1,050 650

875 700 425

170 170 170

410 410 410

1,100 950 650

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000

510,000 510,000 400,000

NLGA

WESTERN HEMLOCK

WCLIB WWPA

WESTERN HEMLOCK (NORTH) Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,400 1,150 750

825 575 375

135 135 135

410 410 410

1,000 850 550

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000

510,000 510,000 400,000


Posts and Timbers

1,300 1,050 650

875 700 425

135 135 135

410 410 410

1,100 950 650

1,400,000 1,400,000 1,100,000

510,000 510,000 400,000


NLGA





50

Table 4D (Cont.)





Size classification

Bending Fb






Emin


WESTERN WHITE PINE Select Structural No.1 No.2

Beams and Stringers

1,050 850 550

600 425 275

120 120 120

375 375 375

775 625 400

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Posts and Timbers

975 775 450

650 525 300

120 120 120

375 375 375

800 700 500

1,300,000 1,300,000 1,000,000

470,000 470,000 370,000


Beams and Stringers

1,050 900 575

625 450 300

125 125 125

345 345 345

750 625 425

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Posts and Timbers

1,000 800 475

675 525 325

125 125 125

345 345 345

800 700 475

1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000

400,000 400,000 330,000


Beams and Stringers

1,400 1,200 750

825 575 375

205 205 205

800 800 800

900 775 475

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000


Posts and Timbers

1,300 1,050 600

875 700 400

205 205 205

800 800 800

950 825 400

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

370,000 370,000 290,000

NLGA

WESTERN WOODS

WCLIB WWPA

WHITE OAK

NELMA

Footnotes to Table 4D 1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 5" and thicker lumber, the GREEN dressed sizes shall be permitted to be used (see Table 1A) because design values have been adjusted to compensate for any loss in size by shrinkage which may occur. 2. SPRUCE PINE. To obtain recommended design values for Spruce Pine graded to Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) rules, multiply the appropriate design values for Mixed Southern Pine by the corresponding conversion factor shown below and round to the nearest 100,000 psi for E; to the nearest 10,000 psi for Emin; to the next lower multiple of 5 psi for Fv and Fc⊥; to the next lower multiple of 50 psi for Fb, Ft, and Fc if 1,000 psi or greater, 25 psi otherwise.

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR DETERMINING DESIGN VALUES FOR SPRUCE PINE

Conversion Factor

Bending Fb



Compression perpendicular to grain Fc⊥ ⊥


Modulus of Elasticity E and Emin

0.78

0.78

0.98

0.73

0.78

0.82

3. When individual species or species groups are combined, the design values to be used for the combination shall be the lowest design values for each individual species or species group for each design property.



51

Table 4E Adjustment Factors

Bending design values for all species of decking except Redwood are based on 4" thick decking. When 2" thick or 3" thick decking is used, the bending design values, Fb, for all species except Redwood shall be multiplied by the following size factors: CF

2" 3"

1.10 1.04

Tabulated bending design values, Fb, for decking have already been adjusted for flatwise usage (load applied to wide face).


When decking is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table (for surfaced dry Southern Pine decking use tabulated surfaced green design values for wet service conditions without further adjustment):

Size Factors, CF Thickness


Repetitive Member Factor, Cr Tabulated bending design values for repetitive member uses, (Fb)(Cr), for decking have already been multiplied by the repetitive member factor, Cr.


Fc⊥

E and Emin

0.85*

0.67

0.9

* when (Fb)(CF) ≤ 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0




Size Factor, CF


52

Table 4E

Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Decking1,2 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)


USE WITH TABLE 4E ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi) Bending Species and commercial grade

Size classification

Single Member Fb

Repetitive Member (Fb)(Cr)



Emin


BALSAM FIR Select Commercial

2" - 4" thick 4" - 12" wide

— —

1,650 1,400

— —

1,500,000 1,300,000

550,000 470,000

NELMA

2" - 4" thick 4" & wider

1,250 1,050

1,450 1,200

455 455

1,700,000 1,500,000

620,000 550,000

NLGA


1,250 1,050

1,450 1,200

370 370

1,500,000 1,400,000

550,000 510,000

NLGA

Select Dex Commercial Dex

2" - 4" thick 6" - 8" wide

1,750 1,450

2,000 1,650

625 625

1,800,000 1,700,000

660,000 620,000

WCLIB

Selected Commercial


1,750 1,450

2,000 1,650

625 625

1,800,000 1,700,000

660,000 620,000

WWPA


1,750 1,450

2,000 1,650

625 625

1,800,000 1,700,000

660,000 620,000

NLGA


1,650 1,400

1,900 1,600

520 520

1,400,000 1,300,000

510,000 470,000

WWPA

— —

1,700 1,450

— —

1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 400,000

NELMA


1,500 1,250

1,700 1,450

555 555

1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 400,000

NLGA

2" - 4" thick 4" - 12" wide

— —

1,300 1,100

— —

1,500,000 1,400,000

550,000 510,000

NELMA

2" - 4" thick 4" - 12"wide

— —

1,300 1,100

— —

1,200,000 1,100,000

440,000 400,000

NELMA


900 775

1,050 875

350 350

1,200,000 1,100,000

440,000 400,000

NLGA


2" - 4" thick 6" - 8" wide

1,400 1,150

1,600 1,350

405 405

1,500,000 1,400,000

550,000 510,000

WCLIB

Selected Commercial


1,400 1,150

1,600 1,350

405 405

1,500,000 1,400,000

550,000 510,000

WWPA


1,350 1,100

1,500 1,300

405 405

1,500,000 1,400,000

550,000 510,000

NLGA

2" - 4" thick 4" - 12" wide

— —

1,550 1,300

— —

1,400,000 1,300,000

510,000 470,000

NELMA


900 775

1,050 875

350 350

1,100,000 1,000,000

400,000 370,000

NLGA

COAST SITKA SPRUCE Select Commercial

COAST SPECIES Select Commercial

DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH

DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH (NORTH) Select Commercial

DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH Selected Commercial

EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK Select Commercial

2" - 4" thick 4" - 12" wide

EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK (NORTH) Select Commercial

EASTERN SPRUCE Select Commercial

EASTERN WHITE PINE Select Commercial

EASTERN WHITE PINE (NORTH) Select Commercial

HEM-FIR

HEM-FIR (NORTH) Select Commercial

NORTHERN PINE Select Commercial

NORTHERN SPECIES Select Commercial



Table 4E (Cont.)

53


Design values in pounds per square inch (psi) Bending Species and commercial grade

Size classification

Single Member Fb





Emin

4

NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR Select Commercial

2" - 4" thick 4" - 12" wide

— —

1,100 950

— —

800,000 700,000

290,000 260,000

NELMA


1,200 1,000

1,450 1,250

535 535

1,300,000 1,100,000

470,000 400,000

NLGA


1,150 975

1,350 1,100

440 440

1,300,000 1,200,000

470,000 440,000

NLGA

2" thick

1,850 1,450 1,200

2,150 1,700 1,350

— — —

1,400,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

510,000 400,000 370,000

PONDEROSA PINE Select Commercial

RED PINE Select Commercial

REDWOOD Select, Close grain Select Commercial

6" & wider

Deck Heart and

2" thick 4" wide

400

450

420

900,000

330,000

Deck Common

2" thick 6" wide

700

800

420

900,000

330,000

1,300 1,100

1,500 1,250

435 435

1,500,000 1,300,000

550,000 470,000

RIS

SITKA SPRUCE Select Dex Commercial Dex

2" - 4" thick 6" - 8" wide

SOUTHERN PINE Dense Standard Dense Select Select Dense Commercial Commercial

WCLIB

(Surfaced dry – Used in dry service conditions — 19% or less moisture content) 2,000 1,650 1,400 1,650 1,400

2,300 1,900 1,650 1,900 1,650

1,600 1,350 1,150 1,350 1,150

1,800 1,500 1,300 1,500 1,300

440 440 375 440 375

1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000

580,000 510,000 510,000 510,000 510,000


1,200 1,000

1,400 1,150

425 425

1,500,000 1,300,000

550,000 470,000

NLGA


1,150 950

1,350 1,100

335 335

1,400,000 1,200,000

510,000 440,000

NELMA WWPA


2" - 4" thick 6" - 8" wide

1,250 1,050

1,450 1,200

425 425

1,100,000 1,000,000

400,000 370,000

WCLIB

Selected Commercial


1,250 1,050

1,450 1,200

425 425

1,100,000 1,000,000

400,000 370,000

WWPA


1,200 1,050

1,400 1,200

425 425

1,100,000 1,000,000

400,000 370,000

NLGA


1,500 1,300

1,750 1,450

410 410

1,600,000 1,400,000

580,000 510,000

WCLIB


SOUTHERN PINE Dense Standard Dense Select Select Dense Commercial Commercial

660 660 565 660 565

1,800,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000

660,000 580,000 580,000 580,000 580,000

SPIB

(Surfaced Green – Used in any service condition) 2-1/2" - 4" thick 2" & wider

SPIB

SPRUCE-PINE-FIR Select Commercial

SPRUCE-PINE-FIR (SOUTH) Selected Commercial

WESTERN CEDARS

WESTERN CEDARS (NORTH) Select Commercial

WESTERN HEMLOCK Select Dex Commercial Dex




USE WITH TABLE 4E ADJUSTMENT FACTORS


54

Table 4E (Cont.)



USE WITH TABLE 4E ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi) Bending Species and commercial grade

Size classification

Single Member Fb




Emin


WESTERN HEMLOCK (NORTH) Select Commercial


1,500 1,300

1,750 1,450

410 410

1,600,000 1,400,000

580,000 510,000

NLGA


1,100 925

1,300 1,050

375 375

1,400,000 1,300,000

510,000 470,000

NLGA


1,150 950

1,300 1,100

335 335

1,200,000 1,100,000

440,000 400,000

WWPA

WESTERN WHITE PINE Select Commercial

WESTERN WOODS Selected Commercial

1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 2" to 4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design values, the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of size reductions due to shrinkage. 2. When individual species or species groups are combined, the design values to be used for the combination shall be the lowest design values for each individual species or species group for each design property.



55

Table 4F Adjustment Factors

Bending design values, Fb, for dimension lumber 2" to 4" thick shall be multiplied by the repetitive member factor, Cr = 1.15, when such members are used as joists, truss chords, rafters, studs, planks, decking, or similar members which are in contact or spaced not more than 24" on center, are not less than 3 in number, and are joined by floor, roof, or other load distributing elements adequate to support the design load.


Bending design values adjusted by size factors are based on edgewise use (load applied to narrow face). When dimension lumber is used flatwise (load applied to wide face), the bending design value, Fb, shall also be multiplied by the following flat use factors: Flat Use Factors, Cfu


When dimension lumber is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table:

Thickness (breadth)

Width (depth)

2" & 3"

4"

2" & 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" & wider

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.15 1.2

— 1.0 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.1


Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E and Emin

0.85*

1.0

0.97

0.67

0.8**

0.9

NOTE

* when (Fb)(CF) ≤ 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0 ** when (Fc)(CF) ≤ 750 psi, CM = 1.0

To facilitate the use of Table 4F, shading has been employed to distinguish design values based on a 4" nominal width (Construction, Standard, and Utility grades) or a 6" nominal width (Stud grade) from design values based on a 12" nominal width (Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, and No.3 grades).

Size Factor, CF

Tabulated bending, tension, and compression parallel to grain design values for dimension lumber 2" to 4" thick shall be multiplied by the following size factors: Size Factors, CF Fb

Ft

Fc

Thickness (breadth) Grades Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, No.3

Stud Construction, Standard Utility

Width (depth) 2", 3", & 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" & wider 2", 3", & 4" 5" & 6" 8" & wider 2", 3", & 4" 4" 2" & 3"

2" & 3"

4"

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Use No.3 Grade tabulated design values and size factors 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4

1.0 —


1.0 0.4

1.15 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6





56

Table 4F

Reference Design Values for Non-North American Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,3,4 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)


USE WITH TABLE 4F ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification



1,500 1,000 925 525 725 1,050 575 275

675 450 400 225 325 475 250 125

175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175

260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260

1,250 1,100 1,050 625 675 1,300 1,100 725

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000

620,000 580,000 550,000 470,000 470,000 510,000 470,000 440,000

1,900 1,400 1,350 775 800 1,000 575 275

850 625 600 350 350 450 250 125

195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195

440 440 440 440 440 440 440 440

1,400 1,250 1,250 700 700 1,250 1,100 700

1,800,000 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,300,000

660,000 620,000 580,000 510,000 510,000 550,000 470,000 470,000

975 650 600 350 475 675 375 175

425 300 275 150 200 300 175 75

135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325

1,100 950 850 475 525 1,050 875 575

1,300,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 800,000 800,000

470,000 400,000 370,000 330,000 330,000 330,000 290,000 290,000

1,200 800 700 400 550 800 450 200

550 375 300 175 250 350 200 100

150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150

430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430

1,200 1,050 925 525 575 1,150 950 625

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000

550,000 510,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 370,000 370,000

1,350 825 625 375 575 725 400 200

600 375 275 175 250 325 175 75

125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125

220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220

1,200 1,000 875 500 600 1,100 900 600

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000

550,000 510,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 370,000 370,000

1,200 825 725 425 575 825 475 225

550 375 325 200 250 375 200 100

170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170

355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355

1,200 1,050 950 550 600 1,200 975 650

1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000

580,000 510,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 370,000 330,000

Bending Fb




Emin


AUSTRIAN SPRUCE - Austria & The Czech Republic Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

DOUGLAS FIR/EUROPEAN LARCH Austria, The Czech Republic, & Bavaria2 Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

MONTANE PINE - South Africa Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

NORWAY SPRUCE - Estonia & Lithuania Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

NORWAY SPRUCE - Finland Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

NORWAY SPRUCE - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility



WCLIB


Table 4F (Cont.)

57




Size classification

Bending Fb






Emin


4

NORWAY SPRUCE - Romania & the Ukraine Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


1,250 850 725 425 575 850 475 225

575 375 325 200 250 375 200 100

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

275 275 275 275 275 275 275 275

1,200 1,050 950 550 600 1,200 1,000 650

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000

550,000 510,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 370,000 370,000

1,250 825 675 400 550 775 425 200

550 375 300 175 250 350 200 100

170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170

285 285 285 285 285 285 285 285

1,200 1,050 925 525 575 1,150 950 625

1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

580,000 510,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

1,300 900 775 450 600 875 500 225

600 400 350 200 275 400 225 100

135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270

1,200 1,050 1,000 575 625 1,200 1,000 675

1,700,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000

620,000 580,000 510,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 440,000 400,000

1,100 750 650 375 525 750 425 200

500 350 300 175 225 325 200 100

130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130

430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430

1,150 1,000 900 525 575 1,100 925 600

1,500,000 1,300,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000

550,000 470,000 400,000 370,000 370,000 400,000 370,000 330,000

1,300 950 925 525 725 1,050 600 275

600 425 425 250 325 475 275 125

150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150

210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210

1,200 1,100 1,100 625 675 1,300 1,100 725

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

550,000 510,000 470,000 440,000 440,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

1,200 800 700 400 550 800 450 225

550 375 325 175 250 375 200 100

160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160

395 395 395 395 395 395 395 395

1,200 1,050 950 550 600 1,150 975 625

1,600,000 1,400,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000

580,000 510,000 400,000 370,000 370,000 400,000 370,000 330,000

WCLIB

NORWAY SPRUCE - Sweden Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

SCOTS PINE - Austria, The Czech Republic, Romania, & the Ukraine Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

SCOTS PINE - Estonia & Lithuania Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

SCOTS PINE - Finland Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

SCOTS PINE - Germany5 Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility



WCLIB



USE WITH TABLE 4F ADJUSTMENT FACTORS


58

Table 4F (Cont.)



USE WITH TABLE 4F ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification



1,350 825 575 325 450 650 375 175

600 375 250 150 200 300 175 75

120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410

1,200 1,000 825 475 525 1,050 850 550

1,700,000 1,500,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

620,000 550,000 440,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

950 725 725 425 575 825 475 225

425 325 325 200 250 375 200 100

125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125

400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400

1,100 975 950 550 600 1,150 975 650

1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000

550,000 510,000 470,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 400,000 370,000

1,100 775 725 425 575 825 475 225

500 350 325 200 250 375 200 100

150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150

440 440 440 440 440 440 440 440

1,150 1,000 950 550 600 1,150 975 650

1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000

440,000 400,000 400,000 330,000 330,000 370,000 330,000 290,000

1,700 1,150 1,000 575 800 1,150 650 300

775 525 450 250 350 525 300 125

210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210

710 710 710 710 710 710 710 710

1,250 1,150 1,100 650 700 1,350 1,150 750

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000

550,000 550,000 550,000 510,000 510,000 510,000 470,000 440,000

Bending Fb




Emin


SCOTS PINE - Sweden Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

SILVER FIR (Abies alba) - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


WCLIB

SOUTHERN PINE - Misiones Argentina Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


SPIB

SOUTHERN PINE - Misiones Argentina, Free of Heart Center and Medium Grain Density Select Structural No.1 No.2 No.3 Stud Construction Standard Utility


SPIB

1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 2" to 4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design values, the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in the load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of size reductions due to shrinkage. 2. Design values are applicable only for 2x4 dimensional lumber and shall not be multiplied by the size factor adjustment. 3. Specific Gravity, G, values for Non-North American Species are provided below in lieu of providing G values in NDS Table 11.3.2A Species or Species Combination Specific Gravity Species or Species Combination Specific Gravity Austrian Spruce - Austria & The Czech Republic 0.43 Scots Pine - Austria, The Czech Republic, Romania, & the Ukraine 0.50 Douglas Fir/European Larch - Austria, 0.48 Scots Pine - Estonia & Lithuania 0.45 The Czech Republic, & Bavaria Scots Pine - Finland 0.48 Montane Pine - South Africa 0.45 Scots Pine - Germany* 0.53 Norway Spruce - Estonia & Lithuania 0.43 Scots Pine - Sweden 0.47 Norway Spruce - Finland 0.42 Silver Fir (Abies alba) - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland 0.43 Norway Spruce - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland 0.42 Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina, Free of Heart Center 0.54 Norway Spruce - Romania & the Ukraine 0.38 and Medium Grain Density Norway Spruce - Sweden 0.42 Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina 0.45 * See footnote 5. 4. When individual species or species groups are combined, the design values to be used for the combination shall be the lowest design values for each individual species or species group for each design property. 5. Does not include states of Baden-Wurttemburg and Saarland. AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL


59

Table 5A Adjustment Factors

Tabulated bending design values for loading perpendicular to wide faces of laminations, Fbx, for structural glued laminated bending members shall be multiplied by the following volume factor:


When structural glued laminated timber is used where moisture content will be 16% or greater, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table:

CV = (21/L)1/x (12/d)1/x (5.125/b)1/x ≤ 1.0

Wet Service Factors, CM

where: L = length of bending member between points of

Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

0.8

0.8

0.875

0.53

Fc E and Emin 0.73

4

0.833

zero moment, ft d = depth of bending member, in. b = width (breadth) of bending member, in. For multiple piece width, b = width of widest piece in the layup. Thus b ≤ 10.75". x = 20 for Southern Pine x = 10 for all other species

The volume factor shall not apply simultaneously with the beam stability factor (see 5.3.6). Therefore, the lesser of these adjustment factors shall apply.


Tabulated bending design values for loading parallel to wide faces of laminations, Fby, shall be multiplied by the following flat use factors when the member dimension parallel to wide faces of laminations is less than 12": Flat Use Factors, Cfu Member dimension parallel to wide faces of laminations

Cfu

10-3/4" or 10-1/2" 8-3/4" or 8-1/2" 6-3/4" 5-1/8" or 5" 3-1/8" or 3" 2-1/2"

1.01 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.19




Volume Factor, CV

(7)

(7)(8)

3000

2800

2600

(1)

(2)

2400

2300

1950

1450

1450

1100

(psi) 925

Fbx-

740

740

650

650

500

425

(psi) 315

Fc⊥x

(3)

(3)

(6)

(6)

300

300

265

265

210

210

(psi) 195

Fvx (4)

Shear Parallel to Grain (Horizontal)

2.1

2.1 (9)

(9)

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.09

1.09 (9)

(9)

0.98

0.93

0.88

0.78

Ex min (106 psi) 0.67

Ex

Modulus of Elasticity for Beam and Column Stability

(106 psi) 1.3

Modulus of Elasticity

1750

1600

1600

1450

1050

800

(psi) 800

Fby

Extreme Fiber in Bending

650

650

560

560

315

315

(psi) 315

Fc⊥y

Compression Perpendicular to Grain

(3)

(3)

260

260

230

230

185

185

(psi) 170

Fvy (4)(5)


1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.3

1.2

(106 psi) 1.1

Ey


0.88

0.88

0.83

0.83

0.67

0.62

(106 psi) 0.57

Ey min


1250

1250

1150

1100

775

725

(psi) 675

Ft

Tension Parallel to Grain

1750

1750

1600

1600

1000

925

(psi) 925

Fc

Compression Parallel to Grain

Axially Loaded

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.4

1.3

(106 psi) 1.2

Eaxial


(10)

(10)

0.55

0.55

0.50

0.50

0.42

0.42

0.42

G

Specific Gravity for Fastener Design

Fasteners


Design values in this table represent design values for groups of similar structural glued laminated timber combinations. Higher design values for some properties may be obtained by specifying a particular combination listed in Table 5A Expanded. Design values are for members with 4 or more laminations. For 2 and 3 lamination members, see Table 5B. Some stress classes are not available in all species. Contact structural glued laminated timber manufacturer for availability.

1. For balanced layups, Fbx- shall be equal to Fbx+ for the stress class. Designer shall specify when balanced layup is required. 2. Negative bending stress, Fbx-, is permitted to be increased to 1,850 psi for Douglas Fir and to 1,950 psi for Southern Pine for specific combinations. Designer shall specify when these increased stresses are required. 3. For structural glued laminated timber of Southern Pine, the basic shear design values, Fvx and Fvy, are permitted to be increased to 300 psi and 260 psi, respectively. 4. The design value for shear, Fvx and Fvy, shall be decreased by multiplying by a factor of 0.72 for non-prismatic members, notched members, and for all members subject to impact or cyclic loading. The reduced design value shall be used for design of members at connections that transfer shear by mechanical fasteners (NDS 3.4.3.3). The reduced design value shall also be used for determination of design values for radial tension (NDS 5.2.2). 5. Design values are for timbers with laminations made from a single piece of lumber across the width or multiple pieces that have been edge bonded. For timbers manufactured from multiple piece laminations (across width) that are not edge bonded, value shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations or by 0.5 for all other members. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (4). 6. Certain Southern Pine combinations may contain lumber with wane. If lumber with wane is used, the design value for shear parallel to grain, Fvx, shall be multiplied by 0.67 if wane is allowed on both sides. If wane is limited to one side, Fvx shall be multiplied by 0.83. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (4). 7. 26F, 28F, and 30F beams are not produced by all manufacturers, therefore, availability may be limited. Contact supplier or manufacturer for details. 8. 30F combinations are restricted to a maximum 6" nominal width. 9. For 28F and 30F members with more than 15 laminations, Ex = 2.0 million psi and Ex min = 1.04 million psi. 10. For structural glued laminated timber of Southern Pine, specific gravity for fastener design is permitted to be increased to 0.55.

30F-2.1E SP

28F-2.1E SP

26F-1.9E

2400

24F-1.8E

2000

(psi) 1600

Fbx+

2400

(7)

Compression Zone Stressed in Tension


Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces of Laminations

(Positive Bending) (Negative Bending)

Tension Zone Stressed in Tension


Bending About Y-Y Axis

Bending About X-X Axis Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations

Use with Table 5A Adjustment Factors

(Members stressed primarily in bending) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 5.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)

Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber

24F-1.7E

20F-1.5E

16F-1.3E

Stress Class

Table 5A

only to be used with the 2005 NDS® and Wood Structural Design Data 60 2005 REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES


Outer/Core

Symbol

SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP

16F-V2 16F-V3 16F-V5 16F-E1 16F-E3

SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP

20F-V2 20F-V3 20F-V5 20F-E1 20F-E3

SP/SP SP/SP

SP/SP

(5)

24F-V1

24F-V4 24F-V5

DF/HF DF/HF HF/HF HF/HF

24F-V5 24F-V10 24F-E11 24F-E15

24F-1.7E

DF/DF DF/DF HF/HF AC/AC AC/AC HF/HF DF/DF DF/DF HF/HF

20F-V3 20F-V7 20F-V9 20F-V12 20F-V13 20F-E2 20F-E3 20F-E6 20F-E7

20F-1.5E

DF/DF HF/HF DF/DF DF/DF HF/HF

16F-V6 16F-E2 16F-E3 16F-E6 16F-E7

16F-1.3E

Species

Combination

2,400 2,400

2,400

2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

1,450 2,400

1,750

1,450 1,600 2,400 2,400 1,600

1,550 1,450 2,000 1,250 2,000

1,100 1,450 2,000 2,000 1,400 2,000 1,400 1,200 2,000 2,000

1,350 1,450 1,600 1,250 1,600

925 1,600 1,050 1,200 1,600 1,600

(psi)

(psi)

Tension

Fbx-

(2)

Compression Zone Stressed in

Fbx+

Tension

Tension Zone Stressed in


740 740

740

650 650 500 500

740 650 740 650 650

650 650 500 560 560 500 560 560 500

650 740 650 650 650

560 375 560 560 375

500

425

650 740

650

650 650 500 500

650 650 740 650 650

560 650 500 560 560 500 560 560 500

650 740 650 650 650

210 300

300

210 215 215 215 215

300 300 300 300 300

210 265 265 215 265 265 215 265 265 215

300 300 300 300 300

195 265 215 215 265 215

(psi)

(psi) 315

Fvx (3)


Fc⊥x

560 375 560 560 375

Compression Perpendicular to Grain Tension Compression Face Face

1.7 1.7

1.7

1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6

1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4

0.88 0.88

0.88

0.88 0.88 0.93 0.93 0.93

0.78 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.88

0.78 0.83 0.83 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.88 0.83

0.73 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83

0.67 0.78 0.67 0.83 0.83 0.73

(10 psi)

6

(10 psi)

Ex min

6


Ex


1,050 1,750

1,450

1,050 1,200 1,450 1,550 1,200

1,450 1,750 1,450 1,750 1,900

800 1,450 1,450 1,350 1,250 1,250 1,200 1,450 1,550 1,450

1,450 1,450 1,750 1,750 1,750

800 1,450 1,200 1,450 1,550 1,450

(psi)

Fby


470 650

650

315 375 375 375 375

650 650 650 650 650

315 560 560 375 470 470 375 560 560 375

650 650 650 650 650

315 560 375 560 560 375

(psi)

Fc⊥y

185 260

260

185 190 190 190 190

260 260 260 260 260

185 230 230 190 230 230 190 230 230 190

260 260 260 260 260

170 230 190 190 230 190

(psi)

Fvy (4)

1.3 1.5

1.5

1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

1.1 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4

(106 psi)

Ey

Compression Shear Parallel Modulus Perpendicular to Grain of to Grain (Horizontal) Elasticity

Bending About Y-Y Axis (Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces of Laminations)

Bending About X-X Axis (Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations)


0.67 0.78

0.78

0.67 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78

0.73 0.73 0.73 0.78 0.78

0.62 0.78 0.83 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.73

0.73 0.73 0.73 0.78 0.78

0.57 0.78 0.67 0.78 0.78 0.73

875 1,150

1,100

775 1,150 1,100 1,150 975

975 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,150

725 975 1,000 975 900 925 925 1,000 1,100 1,050

975 925 1,000 1,050 1,100

675 900 825 925 975 1,000

Ft (psi)

Ey min (106 psi)

E axial (106 psi) 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Fc 925 1,550 1,200 1,600 1,600 1,450 1,350 1,400 1,500 1,550 1,600 925 1,550 1,600 1,400 1,500 1,550 1,350 1,600 1,650 1,450 1,350 1,400 1,500 1,550 1,650 1,000 1,450 1,550 1,550 1,500 1,550 1,000 1,650


(psi)

Modulus Tension Compression of Parallel to Parallel to Elasticity Grain Grain for Beam and Column Stability

Axially Loaded

0.55 0.55

0.55

0.5 0.5 0.43 0.43

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.5 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.5 0.5 0.43

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.43 0.5 0.5 0.43

G

0.42

0.42

0.43 0.55

0.55

0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.5 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.5 0.5 0.43

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.43 0.5 0.5 0.43

Side Face

0.42

Top or Bottom Face


Fasteners

(Members stressed primarily in bending) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions.) Table 5A Expanded is an expanded list of structural glued laminated timber combinations from AITC 117 and APA-EWS Y117 that meet the requirements of each stress class in the new structural glued laminated timber stress class system. Table 5A Expanded is provided to allow easy conversion from the old combination symbols system to the new stress class system.

Expanded - Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber Combinations1


Table 5A



61

4

Outer/Core


SP/SP

SP/SP

30F-E1

30F-E2

(6)(7)

SP/SP

28F-E2

30F-2.1E

SP/SP

28F-E1

(6)

SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP

26F-V1 26F-V2 26F-V3 26F-V4

28F-2.1E

DF/DF DF/DF

26F-V1 26F-V2

(6)

SP/SP SP/SP SP/SP

24F-V3 24F-E1 24F-E4

26F-1.9E

DF/DF DF/DF DF/DF DF/DF DF/DF

24F-V4 24F-V8 24F-E4 24F-E13 24F-E18

3,000

3,000

3,000

2,800

2,800

2,800

2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600

2,600 2,600

2,600

2,400 2,400 2,400

3,000

2,400

2,400

2,800

2,300

2,300

1,950 2,100 2,100 2,600

1,950 2,600

1,950

1,950 1,450 2,400

1,450 1,850 2,400 1,450 2,400 2,400

(psi)

(psi)

2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400

Fbx-

Tension

Compression Zone Stressed in

Fbx+

Tension

(2)

Tension Zone Stressed in


740

740

740

740

740 740 740 740

650 650

740 740 740

650 650 650 650 650

740

740

650

740

740

740

740

740 740 740 740

650 650

740 650 740

300

300

300

300

300

300

300 300 300 300

265 265

265

300 300 300

265 265 265 265 265 265

(psi)

650

Fvx (3)

(psi)


Fc⊥x

650 650 650 650 650

Compression Perpendicular to Grain Tension Compression Face Face

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

(8)

(8)

(8)

(8)

(8)

(8)

1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9

2.0 2.0

1.9

1.8 1.8 1.9

1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

1.09

1.09

1.09

1.09

1.09

1.09

(8)

(8)

(8)

(8)

(8)

(8)

0.93 0.98 0.98 0.98

1.04 1.04

0.98

0.93 0.93 0.98

0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.98

(10 psi)

6

(10 psi)

Ex min

6


Ex


1,750

1,750

1,750

2,000

1,600

1,600

1,900 2,200 2,100 2,100

1,750 1,750

1,600

1,750 1,750 2,200

1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,750 1,550

(psi)

Fby


650

650

650

650

650

650

650 740 650 650

560 560

560

650 650 650

560 560 560 560 560 560

(psi)

Fc⊥y

260

260

260

260

260

260

260 260 260 260

230 230

230

260 260 260

230 230 230 230 230 230

(psi)

Fvy (3)(4)

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8

1.8 1.8

1.6

1.6 1.6 1.7

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

(106 psi)

Ey

Compression Shear Parallel Modulus Perpendicular to Grain of to Grain (Horizontal) Elasticity

Bending About Y-Y Axis (Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces of Laminations)

Bending About X-X Axis (Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations)


0.88

0.88

0.88

0.88

0.88

0.88

0.83 0.93 0.93 0.93

0.93 0.93

0.83

0.83 0.83 0.88

0.83 0.83 0.83 0.88 0.88 0.88

(106 psi)

Ey min

1,350

1,250

1,250

1,300

1,300

1,250

1,150 1,250 1,200 1,200

1,300 1,300

1,150

1,150 1,100 1,450

1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,200 1,100

(psi)

Ft

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,850

1,850

1,750

1,600 1,650 1,600 1,600

1,850 1,850

1,600

1,650 1,600 1,850

1,600 1,650 1,650 1,700 1,700 1,700

(psi)

Fc

Modulus Tension Compression of Parallel to Parallel to Elasticity Grain Grain for Beam and Column Stability

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9

1.9 1.9

1.7

1.7 1.7 1.8

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

(106 psi)

E axial


Axially Loaded

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.5

0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.5

0.5

G

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.5

0.55 0.55 0.55

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Side Face

0.55

Top or Bottom Face


Fasteners

(Members stressed primarily in bending) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions.) Table 5A Expanded is an expanded list of structural glued laminated timber combinations from AITC 117 and APA-EWS Y117 that meet the requirements of each stress class in the new structural glued laminated timber stress class system. Table 5A Expanded is provided to allow easy conversion from the old combination symbols system to the new stress class system.

Expanded - Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber Combinations1

Species

24F-1.8E

Symbol

Combination

Table 5A (Cont.)



63

1. The combinations in this table are applicable to members consisting of 4 or more laminations and are intended primarily for members stressed in bending due to loads applied perpendicular to the wide faces of the laminations. However, design values are tabulated for loading both perpendicular and parallel to the wide faces of the laminations. For combinations and design values applicable to members loaded primarily axially or parallel to the wide faces of the laminations, see Table 5B. For members of 2 or 3 laminations, see Table 5B. 2. The tabulated design values in this column, for bending about the X-X axis (Fbx), require the use of special tension laminations. If these special tension laminations are omitted, value shall be multiplied by 0.75 for members greater than or equal to 15" in depth or by 0.85 for members less than 15" in depth. 3. The design value for shear, Fvx and Fvy, shall be decreased by multiplying by a factor of 0.72 for non-prismatic members, notched members, and for all members subject to impact or cyclic loading. The reduced design value shall be used for design of members at connections (NDS 3.4.3.3) that transfer shear by mechanical fasteners. The reduced design value shall also be used for detrmination of design values for radial tension (NDS 5.2.2). 4. Design values are for timbers with laminations made from a single piece of lumber across the width or multiple pieces that have been edge bonded. For timber manufactured from multiple piece laminations (across width) that are not edge-bonded, value shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations or by 0.5 for all other members. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (3). 5. This combination may contain lumber with wane. If lumber with wane is used, the design value for shear parallel to grain, Fvx, shall be multiplied by 0.67 if wane is allowed on both sides. If wane is limited to one side, Fvx shall be multiplied by 0.83. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (3). 6. 26F, 28F, and 30F beams are not produced by all manufacturers, therefore, availability may be limited. Contact supplier or manufacturer for details. 7. 30F combinations are restricted to a maximum 6" nominal width. 8. For 28F and 30F members with more than 15 laminations, Ex = 2.0 million psi and Ex min = 1.04 million psi.



Footnotes to Expanded Table 5A



64

T able 5B Adjustment Factors s


Volume Factor, CV



Tabulated bending design values for loading parallel to wide faces of laminations, Fby, shall be multiplied by the following flat use factors when the member dimension parallel to wide faces of laminations is less than 12": Flat Use Factors, Cfu

CV = (21/L)

1/x

1/x

(12/d)

(5.125/b)

1/x

≤ 1.0

where: L = length of bending member between points of zero moment, ft d = depth of bending member, in. b = width (breadth) of bending member, in. For

Member dimension parallel to wide faces of laminations 10-3/4" or 10-1/2" 8-3/4" or 8-1/2" 6-3/4" 5-1/8" or 5" 3-1/8" or 3" 2-1/2"

multiple piece width layups, b = width of widest piece in the layup. Thus b ≤ 10.75". x = 20 for Southern Pine x = 10 for all other species



When structural glued laminated timber is used where moisture content will be 16% or greater, design values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors from the following table: Wet Service Factors, CM Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E and Emin

0.8

0.8

0.875

0.53

0.73

0.833


Cfu 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.19


Grade

Modulus of Elasticity E (106 psi)

DF DF DF DF DF HF HF HF HF SW AC AC AC AC

L3 L2 L2D L1CL L1D L3 L2 L1 L1D L3 L3 L2 L1D L1S

27 28 29 30 31 32 62 63 33 34 35 36 37 38 39(6) 40(6) 41(6) 42(6) 43(6) 44(6)

DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF HF HF HF HF HF HF SW SW SW SW SW SW

1.9E2 2.1E2 2.3E2 1.9E6 2.1E6 2.3E6 2.2E2 2.2E6 1.6E2 1.9E2 2.1E2 1.6E4 1.9E6 2.1E6 1.6E2 1.9E2 2.1E2 1.6E4 1.9E6 2.1E6

E-Rated Western Species

1 2 3 4 5 14 15 16 17 22(6) 69 70 71 72 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0

1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.6

Visually Graded Western Species

Identification Species Number

0.93 1.04 1.14 0.93 1.04 1.14 1.09 1.09 0.78 0.93 1.04 0.78 0.93 1.04 0.78 0.93 1.04 0.78 0.93 1.04

0.78 0.83 0.98 0.98 1.04 0.67 0.73 0.83 0.88 0.52 0.62 0.67 0.83 0.83

Modulus of Elasticity for Beam and Column Stability Emin (106 psi)

560 650 650 560 650 650 650 650 375 500 500 375 500 500 315 315 315 315 315 315

560 560 650 590 650 375 375 375 500 315 470 470 560 560

Compression Perpendicular to Grain Fc⊥ (psi)

All Loading

900 1100 1250 1550 1800 1800 1150 1950 800 900 1100 1200 1550 1800 800 900 1100 1200 1550 1800

900 1250 1450 1400 1600 800 1050 1200 1400 525 725 975 1250 1250

2 or More Laminations Ft (psi)


1750 2000 2250 2100 2400 2400 1850 2300 1050 1500 1550 1450 1950 2400 1200 1500 1750 1550 1950 2100

1550 1950 2300 2100 2400 1100 1350 1500 1750 850 1150 1450 1900 1900

4 or More Laminations Fc (psi)

1200 1400 1550 1700 1950 2200 1500 2000 950 1200 1400 1350 1700 1950 950 1200 1400 1350 1700 1950

1200 1600 1850 1900 2100 975 1300 1450 1700 675 1100 1450 1900 1900

2 or 3 Laminations Fc (psi)


Axially Loaded

1450 1650 1900 2400 2400 2400 1800 2400 1200 1450 1650 2100 2400 2400 1200 1450 1650 2100 2400 2400

1450 1800 2100 2200 2400 1200 1500 1750 2000 800 1100 1400 1850 1850

4 or More Laminations Fby (psi)

1250 1450 1650 2400 2400 2400 1550 2400 1050 1250 1450 1900 2400 2400 1050 1250 1450 1900 2400 2400

1250 1600 1850 2000 2100 1050 1350 1550 1850 700 975 1250 1650 1650

3 Laminations Fby (psi)

1000 1150 1350 2100 2400 2400 1250 2400 850 1000 1150 1700 2100 2400 850 1000 1150 1700 2100 2400

1000 1300 1550 1650 1800 850 1100 1300 1550 550 775 1000 1400 1400


230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 190 190 190 190 190 190 170 170 170 170 170 170

230 230 230 230 230 190 190 190 190 170 230 230 230 230

Fvy (psi)

Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces of Laminations Shear Parallel Bending to Grain(1)(2)(3)

Bending about Y-Y Axis

Use with Table 5B Adjustment Factors

Fvx (psi) 265 265 265 265 265 215 215 215 215 195 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 215 215 215 215 215 215 195 195 195 195 195 195

2 Laminations to 15 in. Deep (5) Fbx (psi) 1250 1700 2000 1900 2200 1100 1450 1600 1900 725 1000 1350 1700 1900 1250 1500 1700 1800 2100 2400 1800 2200 1100 1300 1850 1400 1800 2100 1100 1250 1550 1400 1800 2100

Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations Bending (4) Shear Parallel to Grain(3)

Bending About X-X Axis

(Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compression)1,2 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 5.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)



Table 5B



65

4

Modulus of Elasticity E (106 psi)


1:12 1:10

1:12 1:10

1:10 1:8

1:10 1:8

SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP

N2M14 N2M10 N2M N2D14 N2D10 N2D N1M16 N1M12 N1M N1D14 N1D12 N1D

SP SP SP SP SP

2.1E2 2.3E2 1.9E6 2.1E6 2.3E6

2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.04 1.14 0.93 1.04 1.14

0.73 0.73 0.73 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.98 0.98 0.98 740 740 650 740 740

650 650 650 740 740 740 650 650 650 740 740 740

Compression Perpendicular to Grain Fc⊥ (psi)

1100 1250 1550 1800 1800

1200 1150 1000 1400 1350 1150 1350 1300 1150 1550 1550 1350

2 or More Laminations Ft (psi)


2300 2400 1850 2300 2400

1900 1700 1500 2200 2000 1750 2100 1900 1700 2300 2200 2000

4 or More Laminations Fc (psi)

1400 1550 1700 1950 2200

1150 1150 1150 1350 1350 1350 1450 1450 1450 1700 1700 1700

2 or 3 Laminations Fc (psi)


Axially Loaded

1650 1900 2400 2400 2400

1750 1750 1600 2000 2000 1850 1950 1950 1850 2300 2300 2100

4 or More Laminations Fby (psi)

1450 1650 2400 2400 2400

1550 1550 1550 1800 1800 1800 1750 1750 1750 2100 2100 2100


1150 1350 2100 2400 2400

1300 1300 1300 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1750 1750 1750


260 260 260 260 260

260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260

Fvy (psi)

Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces of Laminations Bending Shear Parallel to Grain(1)(2)(3)


1500 1700 1800 2100 2400

1400 1400 1350 1600 1600 1600 1800 1750 1550 2100 2100 1800

2 Laminations to 15 in. Deep (5) Fbx (psi)

300 300 300 300 300

300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300

Fvx (psi)

Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations Bending (4) Shear Parallel to Grain(3)


1. For members with 2 or 3 laminations, the shear design value for transverse loads parallel to the wide faces of the laminations, Fvy, shall be reduced by multiplying by a factor of 0.84 or 0.95, respectively. 2. The shear design value for transverse loads applied parallel to the wide faces of the laminations, Fvy, shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations manufactured from multiple piece laminations (across width) that are not edge bonded. The shear design value, Fvy, shall be multiplied by 0.5 for all other members manufactured from multiple piece laminations with unbonded edge joints. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (1) and (3). 3. The design value for shear, Fvx and Fvy, shall be decreased by multiplying by a factor of 0.72 for non-prismatic members, notched members, and for all members subject to impact or cyclic loading. The reduced design value shall be used for design of members at connections (NDS 3.4.3.3) that transfer shear by mechanical fasteners. The reduced design value shall also be used for determination of design values for radial tension (NDS 5.2.2). 4. Tabulated design values are for members without special tension laminations. If special tension laminations are used, the design value for bending, Fbx, shall be permitted to be increased by multiplying by 1.18. This factor shall not be applied cumulatively with the adjustment in footnote (5). 5. For members greater than 15" deep and without special tension laminations, the bending design value, Fbx, shall be reduced by multiplying by a factor of 0.88. This factor shall not be applied cumulatively with the adjustment in footnote (4). 6. When Western Cedars, Western Cedars (North), Western Woods, and Redwood (open grain) are used in combinations for Softwood Species (SW), the design value for E shall be reduced by 100,000 psi and Emin shall be reduced by 50,000 psi. When Coast Sitka Spruce, Coast Species, Western White Pine, and Eastern White Pine are used in combinations for Softwood Species (SW) tabulated design values for shear parallel to grain, Fvx and Fvy, shall be reduced by 10 psi, before applying any other adjustments.

54 55 56 57 58

E-Rated Southern Pine

47 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 49 50 50 50

Visually Graded Southern Pine

Grade

Modulus of Elasticity for Beam and Column Stability Emin (106 psi)

All Loading

Use with Table 5B Adjustment Factors



Identification Species Number

Table 5B (Cont.)



67

Table 5C Adjustment Factors




CV = (21/L)

1/x

1/x

(12/d)

(5.125/b)

1/x

≤ 1.0







Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E and Emin

0.8

0.8

0.875

0.53

0.73

0.833


Cfu 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.19



Volume Factor, CV


1,600 1,600 2,000 2,000 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400

1,200 1,200 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 2,000 2,000 800 1,600 1,000 2,000 1,200 2,400 1,200 1,200 1,200

440 440 590 590 770 770 590 895 1,075

285 285 405 590 405 590 590 835 590 835 835 835

(psi)

(psi) 600 1,200 700 700 1,400 1,400 800 800 1,600 1,600 1,000 2,000

Fc⊥x

Fbx-

125 125 155 155 180 180 155 220 235

125 125 155 180 155 180 180 200 180 200 200 200

(psi)

Fvx 6

6

1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93

0.62 0.62 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.73 0.78 0.73 0.83 0.88 0.88

(10 psi) (10 psi)

Ex min

1,250 1,400 1,350 1,600 1,550 1,650 1,450 1,650 1,700

1,050 1,050 1,250 1,450 1,250 1,450 1,400 1,700 1,400 1,700 1,700 1,700

(psi)

Fby

285 285 405 405 590 590 405 710 900

285 285 405 590 405 590 590 835 590 835 835 835

(psi)

Fc⊥y

110 110 135 135 160 160 135 195 205

110 110 135 160 135 160 160 175 160 175 175 175

(psi)

Fvy(2)

Modulus Extreme Compression Shear of Fiber in Perpendicular Parallel Elasticity Bending to Grain to Grain for Beam (Horizontal) and Column Stability

Ex

Shear Modulus Parallel of to Grain Elasticity (Horizontal)

1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4

0.62 0.62 0.67 0.67 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.83 0.78

0.52 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.62 0.67 0.73 0.73

6

Ey min

825 900 950 1,050 1,050 1,050 975 1,050 1,100

600 625 700 750 725 775 800 875 850 900 975 1,000

(psi)

Ft

975 1,000 1,050 1,100 1,400 1,400 1,200 1,350 1,450

800 860 950 1,200 950 1,200 1,200 1,250 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,400

(psi)

Fc

1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4

(106 psi)

E axial

Modulus Tension Compression Modulus of Parallel to Parallel to of Elasticity Grain Grain Elasticity for Beam and Column Stability

(10 psi) (10 psi)

6

Ey


Axially Loaded

1. Design values in this table were excerpted from AITC 119-96 Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Hardwood Species. Design values are applicable to members with 4 or more laminations. For 2 and 3 lamination members see Table 5D. 2. Design values are for timbers with laminations made from a single piece of lumber across the width or multiple pieces that have been edge bonded. For timbers manufactured from multiple piece laminations (across width) that are not edge bonded, value shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations or by 0.5 for all other members. 3. Fastener values are for groups of hardwood species permitted in each combination. If actual species is known, values for that species are permitted to be used.

16F-E1 16F-E2 20F-E1 20F-E2 24F-E1 24F-E2 24F-E3 YP 24F-E4 RM 24F-E5 RO

E-Rated Hardwoods

12F-V1 12F-V2 14F-V1 14F-V2 14F-V3 14F-V4 16F-V1 16F-V2 16F-V3 16F-V4 20F-V1 20F-V2

Compression Zone Stressed in Tension

(Positive Bending) (Negative Bending)

Tension Zone Stressed in Tension



Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations


Bending About Y-Y Axis


Use with Table 5C Adjustment Factors

0.39 0.39 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.53 0.45 0.53 0.63

0.39 0.39 0.45 0.53 0.45 0.53 0.53 0.63 0.53 0.63 0.63 0.63

G


(3)

Fasteners

(Members stressed primarily in bending)1 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 5.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)

Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber

Combination Fbx+ Symbol (psi) Visually Graded Hardwoods

Table 5C



69

Table 5D Adjustment Factors




CV = (21/L)

1/x

1/x

(12/d)

(5.125/b)

1/x

≤ 1.0







Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E and Emin

0.8

0.8

0.875

0.53

0.73

0.833


Cfu 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.19



Volume Factor, CV

Group

Elasticity E (106 psi)

Modulus of

H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16

A A A A B B B B C C C C D D D D

N3 N2 N1 SS N3 N2 N1 SS N3 N2 N1 SS N3 N2 N1 SS

1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2

Visually Graded Hardwoods

Symbol

Grade

0.67 0.78 0.88 0.88 0.62 0.67 0.78 0.78 0.52 0.62 0.67 0.67 0.47 0.57 0.62 0.62

Stability Emin (106 psi)

Modulus of Elasticity for Beam and Column


835 835 835 835 590 590 590 590 405 405 405 405 285 285 285 285

to Grain Fc⊥ (psi) 425 875 1,000 1,150 350 750 850 950 300 625 725 825 250 550 625 700

nations Ft (psi) 900 1,300 1,450 1,600 800 1,150 1,300 1,450 625 900 1,000 1,100 575 825 925 1,050

nations Fc (psi) 900 1,300 1,450 1,600 800 1,150 1,300 1,450 625 900 1,000 1,100 575 825 925 1,050

nations Fc (psi)

2 or 3 Lami-


Axially Loaded

Compression 2 or More 4 or More Perpendicular LamiLami-

All Loading

1,250 1,700 2,000 2,000 1,050 1,450 1,650 1,700 900 1,200 1,400 1,450 775 1,050 1,200 1,250

nations Fby (psi)

4 or More Lami-

1,100 1,550 1,800 1,850 900 1,300 1,500 1,550 800 1,100 1,300 1,350 675 950 1,100 1,150

nations Fby (psi)

3 Lami-

Bending

875 1,300 1,550 1,600 750 1,050 1,300 1,350 625 925 1,100 1,150 550 800 950 1,000

90 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 70 70 70 55 55 55 55

nations laminations(3) Fby Fvy (psi) (psi)

2 Lami-

175 175 175 175 160 160 160 160 135 135 135 135 110 110 110 110

nations Fvy (psi)

4 or More Laminations for members with 4 or More multiple piece Lami2 Lami-

165 165 165 165 150 150 150 150 130 130 130 130 105 105 105 105

150 150 150 150 135 135 135 135 115 115 115 115 95 95 95 95

nations nations Fvy Fvy (psi) (psi)

3 Lami-

925 1,200 1,600 1,700 750 1,000 1,350 1,400 675 875 1,150 1,200 575 750 1,000 1,050

Lams Fbx (psi)

2 Laminations to 15 in. Deep (4) without Special Tension

1,200 1,500 1,800 2,000 1,000 1,200 1,600 1,700 900 1,100 1,400 1,500 775 925 1,150 1,300

Lams (5) Fbx (psi)

4 or More Laminations with Special Tension

Bending

200 200 200 200 180 180 180 180 155 155 155 155 125 125 125 125

nations Fvx (psi)

2 or More Lami-

Shear Parallel to Grain

Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces of Laminations Shear Parallel to Grain

Bending About X-X Axis Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations


Use with Table 5D Adjustment Factors



Combination Species

Table 5D



Group

Grade

A A A A A B B B B B C C C C C D D D D D D

1.5E3 1.8E3 1.8E6 2.0E3 2.0E6 1.5E3 1.8E3 1.8E6 2.0E3 2.0E6 1.5E3 1.8E3 1.8E6 2.0E3 2.0E6 1.5E3 1.5E6 1.8E3 1.8E6 2.0E3 2.0E6

1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9

0.73 0.88 0.88 0.98 0.98 0.73 0.88 0.88 0.98 0.98 0.73 0.88 0.88 0.98 0.98 0.73 0.73 0.88 0.88 0.98 0.98

Stability Emin (106 psi) 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015 770 770 770 770 770 590 590 590 590 590 440 440 440 440 440 440

to Grain Fc⊥ (psi) 1,000 1,150 1,450 1,350 1,700 1,000 1,150 1,450 1,350 1,700 1,000 1,150 1,450 1,350 1,700 1,000 1,250 1,150 1,450 1,350 1,700

nations Ft (psi) 1,500 1,950 2,000 2,600 2,430 1,500 1,950 2,000 2,300 2,400 1,500 1,950 2,000 2,300 2,400 1,500 1,500 1,950 2,000 2,300 2,400

nations Fc (psi) 1,350 1,850 1,900 2,200 2,300 1,350 1,850 1,900 2,200 2,300 1,350 1,850 1,900 2,200 2,300 1,350 1,400 1,850 1,900 2,200 2,300

nations Fc (psi)

2 or 3 Lami-


Compression 2 or More 4 or More Perpendicular LamiLami-


Axially Loaded

1,850 2,100 2,300 2,400 2,400 1,850 2,100 2,300 2,400 2,400 1,850 2,100 2,300 2,400 2,400 1,850 2,000 2,100 2,300 2,400 2,400

nations Fby (psi)

4 or More Lami-

1,750 2,000 2,200 2,300 2,400 1,750 2,000 2,200 2,300 2,400 1,750 2,000 2,200 2,300 2,400 1,750 1,900 2,000 2,200 2,300 2,400

nations Fby (psi)

3 Lami-

Bending

1,550 1,750 1,950 2,100 2,300 1,550 1,750 1,950 2,100 2,300 1,550 1,750 1,950 2,100 2,300 1,550 1,700 1,750 1,950 2,100 2,300

90 90 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 80 70 70 70 70 70 55 55 55 55 55 55

nations laminations(3) Fby Fvy (psi) (psi)

2 Lami-

175 175 175 175 175 160 160 160 160 160 135 135 135 135 135 110 110 110 110 110 110

nations Fvy (psi)

Laminations for members with 4 or More multiple piece Lami-

4 or More

nations Fvy (psi) 150 150 150 150 150 135 135 135 135 135 115 115 115 115 115 95 95 95 95 95 95

165 165 165 165 165 150 150 150 150 150 130 130 130 130 130 105 105 105 105 105 105

2 Lami-

nations Fvy (psi)

3 Lami-







nations Fvx (psi)

nations with Special Tension Lams (5) Fbx (psi) 1,450 1,850 2,000 2,200 2,600 1,450 1,850 2,000 2,200 2,600 1,450 1,850 2,000 2,200 2,600 1,450 1,600 1,850 2,000 2,200 2,600

15 in. Deep (4) without Special Tension Lams Fbx (psi) 1,200 1,450 1,650 1,700 2,100 1,200 1,450 1,650 1,700 2,100 1,200 1,450 1,650 1,700 2,100 1,200 1,250 1,450 1,650 1,700 2,100

200 200 200 200 200 180 180 180 180 180 155 155 155 155 155 125 125 125 125 125 125

2 or More Lami-

4 or More Lami-


2 Laminations to

Bending

Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces of Laminations

1. Design values in this table are for combinations conforming to AITC 119-96 (Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Hardwood Species), by American Institute of Timber Construction, and manufactured in accordance with American National Standard ANSI/AITC A190.1-2002 (Structural Glued Laminated Timber). 2. The combinations in this table are intended primarily for members loaded axially or in bending with the loads acting parallel to the wide faces of the laminations (bending about Y-Y axis). Design values for bending due to loading applied perpendicular to the wide faces of the laminations (bending about X-X axis) are also included; however, the combinations in Table 5C are preferred for this condition of loading. 3. Values apply to members manufactured using multiple piece laminations with unbonded edge joints. For members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations, value shall be multiplied by 0.8. 4. For members greater than 15" deep, values shall be reduced by multiplying by a factor of 0.88. 5. These design values require the use of special tension laminations. If these design values are used, the designer shall specify the required design value as well as the combination symbol.

H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 H28 H29 H30 H31 H32 H33 H34 H35 H36 H37

Elasticity E (106 psi)

Modulus of

Elasticity for Beam and Column

Modulus of

All Loading

Use with Table 5D Adjustment Factors



E-Rated Hardwoods

Symbol

Combination Species

Table 5D (Cont.)



71

4

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION American Wood Council

Engineered and Traditional Wood Products

February 2007 2007 ERRATA/ADDENDUM to the 2005 Edition of the National Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood Construction Supplement: Design Values for Wood Construction (printed versions dated 04-05 2M, 09-05 2M, and 08-06 5M; web version 07-07) Page Revision 4 In Table 2.1, revise the following: Species or Species Species That May Be Combination Included in Combination Coast Sitka Spruce Coast Sitka Spruce Yellow Cedar Yellow Cedar 32

Grading Rules Agencies NLGA NLGA

Design Values Provided in Tables 4A, 4D, 4E 4A

In Table 4A, add the following design values for Coast Sitka Spruce Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

Bending

Tension parallel to grain

Shear parallel to grain

Compression perpendicular to grain

Compression parallel to grain

Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E

Emin

1300

950

125

455

1200

1,700,000

620,000

925

550

125

455

1100

1,500,000

550,000

525

325

125

455

625

1,400,000

510,000



Coast Sitka Spruce4 Select Structural No. 1 / No. 2

2” & wider

No. 3 Stud

2” & wider

Construction Standard

2”-4” wide

Utility

34

725

450

125

455

675

1,400,000

510,000

1050

650

125

455

1300

1,400,000

510,000

600

350

125

455

1100

1,300,000

470,000

275

175

125

455

725

1,200,000

440,000

NLGA

In Table 4A, revise the following design values for Northern Species Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)


Size classification

Bending





Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E

Emin

1,000 975

450 425

110

350

1,100

1,100,000

400,000



Northern Species Select Structural No. 1 / No. 2

2” & wider

No. 3 Stud

2” & wider

Construction Standard Utility

2”-4” wide

600 625

275

110

350

850

1,100,000

400,000

350

150

110

350

500

1,000,000

370,000

475

225

110

350

550

1,000,000

370,000

700

300 325

110

350

1,050

1,000,000

370,000

400

175

110

350

875

900,000

330,000

175

75

110

350

575

900,000

330,000

1111 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 800 - Washington, DC 20036 - 202 463-4713 - Fax: 202 463-2791 - www.awc.org ® ® America’s Forest & Paper People - Improving Tomorrow’s Environment Today

NLGA

February 2007 Errata/Addendum Page 2

Page

Revision

36

In Table 4A, add the following design values for Yellow Cedar Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)

Bending





Fb

Ft

Fv

Fc⊥

Fc

E

Emin

1200

725

175

540

1200

1,600,000

580,000

800

475

175

540

1000

1,400,000

510,000

475

275

175

540

575

1,200,000

440,000

625

375

175

540

650

1,200,000

440,000

Construction

925

550

175

540

1200

1,300,000

470,000

Standard

525

300

175

540

1050

1,200,000

440,000

250

150

175

540

675

1,100,000

400,000


Size classification



4

Yellow Cedar

Select Structural No. 1 / No. 2

2” & wider

No. 3 Stud

Utility

36

2” & wider 2”-4” wide

NLGA

In Table 4A, add the following footnote: 4. SPECIFIC GRAVITY, G. Specific gravity values are provided below for visually graded dimension lumber. Note that the value for Coast Sitka Spruce is applicable only for visually graded dimension lumber (2” – 4” thick). See NDS Table 11.3.2A for the specific gravity value applicable to Coast Sitka Spruce used as visually graded timber (5”x5” and larger) and visually graded decking. Specific Gravity, G Species Coast Sitka Spruce 0.43 Yellow Cedar 0.46

Grading Rules Agency NLGA NLGA

1111 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 800 - Washington, DC 20036 - 202 463-4713 - Fax: 202 463-2791 - www.awc.org ® ® America’s Forest & Paper People - Improving Tomorrow’s Environment Today

American Wood Council Engineered and Traditional Wood Products

AWC Mission Statement

To increase the use of wood by assuring the broad regulatory acceptance of wood products, developing design tools and guidelines for wood construction, and influencing the development of public policies affecting the use of wood products.

2005 EDITION

S

U

P

P

L

E

M

E

N

T ®

N DS N AT I O N A L

DESIGN

S P E C I F I C AT I O N

®


American Forest & Paper Association American Wood Council 1111 19th Street, NW Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 www.awc.org [email protected] America's Forest & Paper People ® Improving Tomorrow's Environment Today ®

NDS 2005 Supplement Cover revised June 2007.pmd 1

American Forest & Paper Association ISBN 0-9625985-2-6 07-07

American Wood Council

0.5M

6/21/2007, 2:57 PM

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