November 2011
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The Premier Source for Integrated High-Performance Building
environmental design + construction
Schoolhouse that Rocks
Specs from the geothermal heat pump installed in the Town Hall last year
Low-VOC paint used for the new high school cafeteria
Bumped into a palette of gypsum wall panels at the community center job site
Banged against unfinished clay plaster used in the converted warehouse office
Scuffed on gravel path on the living roof we installed downtown
Mud from the bioswales surrounding the shopping center redevelopment
Soy-based wood stain from interior walls of new restaurant
Snagged on a stack of recycled ceiling joists at the bank renovation
Our local USGBC chapter office
Roof support idea for new project
1.4 Million Square Feet Certifies to LEED Every Day Do you have the tools you need to succeed in a dynamic green building industry? The U.S. Green Building Council has the green building education and resources you need to get the job done – from online anytime courses to LEED reference and study guides.
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Products you can look up to.
EPDs you can look into. Many of CertainTeed’s Ceilings have Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) — 3rd party certified life cycle assessments that tell their whole green story, from raw materials to reusability. Now it’s easier to make informed, sustainable choices for your school design projects. That’s transparency you can see. View the EPDs at www.CertainTeed.com/CeilingsEPD Reader Service No. 104 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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CONTENTS
NOVEMBER 2011 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 11
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In This Issue 14
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Energized Education
Design in Service of Educating the Global Citizen
New Tech, Old Buildings
American University’s School of International Service embodies the curriculum.
Chilled beam systems are the future for heating and cooling historic buildings.
By Katherine Grove, AIA, LEED AP BD+C.
By Kevin M. Pope, PE.
The Excellence in Design winner in the Education category puts an emphasis on educating children through a hands-on experience. Submitted by S.I.M. Architects.
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In Every Issue 6
WEB TOC
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EDITOR’S NOTE
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NEW + NOTABLE
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ADVERTISER INDEX
Newsline For breaking news, visit www.EDCmag.com or sign up online to receive the eNewsletter delivered right to your inbox. For current industry news from your phone, snap the mobile tag here.
More Online FREE WEBINAR: Thursday, Dec. 8, 2011 at 2 p.m. EST
Remember to visit the new EDCmag.com for more Cool Roofing plus stories, news and products.
Eco-Efficiency Analysis 101, sponsored by BASF. Register at http://bit.ly/pFRgZT. On the Cover:
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While many green educational facility designs are using the structures themselves as educational tools, the extent to which this practice was employed at the Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center makes it the winner in ED+C’s Education category of the EID awards. Photo by Paul Mullins, Mullins Studio.
S N A P I T
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THIS MONTH’S WEB EXCLUSIVE FEATURES INCLUDE: Designing with Air
GFRC Walls Blend School with Surroundings
Cold Cash Comes from Making Ice
Historic Post Office Adaptively Reused
By Nina Wolgelenter
By Roy Diez
by Phil Kirk
Contributed by Lord, Aeck & Sargent
Maintaining comfort appropriate for an educational facility is an education in itself. Governments are ripe with budget cuts, which leave school administrators seeking innovative alternatives to costly HVAC systems for lowering utility costs.
Precast Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) architectural wall panels were selected for the new 135,000-square-foot administrative and classroom building project at California State University because of their sustainable features.
Johnston County Public Schools is saving big by using hybrid-cooling systems during warm weather. Combining chillers and thermal-energy storage tanks, energy costs have been reduced by as much as 40 percent, even on days topping 100 degrees.
A $62 million restoration turned a former Great Depression-era main post office into the headquarters for the GSA. The project, which adhered to the Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties as well as the WorkPlace 20-20 standards, is targeting LEED Silver certification.
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Online Only at www.EDCmag.com
Greening Existing BuildingsOur Greatest Opportunity PRESENTED BY: DURO-LAST AND SSRCx
Sustainable SchoolsDesign, Construction and Operations PRESENTED BY: CERTAINTEED, DURO-LAST, NUDURA, AND WARREN COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Life Cycle Assessment and Long Term Service: Two Essential Measures of a Sustainable Roofing System
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, buildings account for 38 percent of total U.S. energy consumption. “Materials Matter” is a three-part CEU series documenting the environmental footprint of wood, concrete, and steel.
“Having the LEED AP BD+C credential put my resumé at the top of the pile during my job search, and I was hired within a month.”
Learn how these materials factor into green design and high performance buildings as well as how green design projects are currently defined.
CONTINUING EDUCATION SHOWCASE
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Hear Todd’s story at gbci.org/Todd
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British Columbia wood. Sustainable by nature. Innovative by design. Reader Service No. 49 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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EDITOR’S
NOTE Learn Green, Earn Green SCHOOLS IN THE U.S. NEED HELP — MAYBE MORE HELP THAN YOU THINK.
A survey sponsored by United Technologies Corp. and the U.S. Green Building Council’s Center for Green Schools found that one in three Americans believe the majority of U.S. schools are in “poor” shape. Only 6 percent said U.S. schools are in “excellent” shape. But that’s just their opinion, right? Well, the U.S. Government Accountability Office reports that at least 25,000 U.S. schools are in need of extensive repair and replacement, so it would seem the perception meets the reality in this case. I wrote back in March of this year that cost is the most pressing reason for districts neglecting repairs on facilities and that firms are getting creative in how to raise the necessary funds to implement repairs or build new schools. The USGBC’s Center for Green Schools was created to drive change in how we design, construct and operate our schools so they will generate savings through improved energy efficiency since green schools have been proven to use less energy and water, which reduces operating costs. The U.S. Department of Energy understands how much energy is costing educational institutions and recently announced the release of the second installment of a four-part series aimed at helping architects, engineers and contractors design and build highly efficient K-12 school buildings. The Advanced Energy Design Guide, which is available for download now at www.ashrae.org/publications/page/aedg50pct, was produced in conjunction with ASHRAE, the American Institute of Architects, the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, and USGBC. This guide provides climate-specific recommendations to incorporate today’s off-the-shelf energy-efficient products. These recommendations also help
MISSED GREENBUILD? If you weren’t able to attend Greenbuild in Toronto, visit EDCmag.com for our complete coverage of the largest trade show and expo dedicated to sustainable design and construction — including a slideshow of the hottest products at the show!
designers and builders choose advanced building envelope assemblies and highly efficient heating and cooling systems, and incorporate other energy-saving measures such as daylighting and associated control systems. Additionally, the guide informs on the development of future commercial building energy codes. Higher education facilities haven’t been immune from the need to cut costs, either. Declines in funding from the federal government on down have put a serious crimp in the funds flowing into public institutions. Many private schools, like my own alma mater, have seen tuition rates steadily increase while enrollment drops. But, like their K-12 brethren, institutions of higher learning are looking at energy-efficient and green technologies to help reduce operating costs. As you will find on the following pages, these technologies are being incorporated from the outset in new construction as well as helping to breathe new life into older facilities. So, whether or not you believe schools are in as poor shape as your neighbor, rest assured that at least many schools are turning to sustainable design and construction for help — not only for the sake of those in the business of creating sustainable structures, but also for the sake of future generations. Cheers,
Derrick Teal Editor
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To request more information on these products, visit www.EDCmag.com/webcard and enter the corresponding reader service numbers.
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Engineered Wood Panels
Kirei Windfall wood engineered panels are manufactured from Douglas and hemlock fir reclaimed from building deconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (otherwise destined for a landfill), creating a laminated wood material built for interior design. The linear strip construction and natural wood grain patterns combine with a variety of stain and finish options to be used as wall coverings, flooring, millwork, cabinetry and more in residential, commercial, institutional and hospitality settings. Kirei Windfall panels may contribute to LEED and other green building credits. www.kireiusa.com Kirei | Reader Service No. 1
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Sunshade Performance Tool
Kawneer Company Inc.’s Solector Sun Shading Estimator tool was developed for architects to use early in the design phase. The tool helps determine how blade angles, size and orientation impact the shading performance of sunshades. In addition to calculating the shading performance, Solector Sun Shading Estimator also provides an estimate of cooling energy and cost savings on an annual basis, using broad assumptions. Energy savings are calculated based on solar heat gain avoided due to exterior shading of the façade. www.kawneer.com Kawneer Company Inc. | Reader Service No. 2
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Outdoor Charging Stations
Schneider Electric EVlink outdoor electric vehicle (EV) charging stations are intended as an easy-to-install and user-friendly solution for recharging vehicles outside. The EVlink stations include ground fault monitoring and protection, and automatic recovery and restart functionality. The chargers are available in wall or pedestal mounts and in dual or single charging units. Authentication using a RFID card scan ensures that only approved users can access the charging station. EVlink level II basic outdoor EV chargers can be used for both commercial and residential applications. www.schneider-electric.com/us Schneider Electric | Reader Service No. 3
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Commercial Solar Panels
SunPower’s new E20 Series is a commercially available, 20 percent efficient solar panel. SunPower panels reportedly average two to four times greater efficiency than thin film solar technology. The E20 Series offers new features to enhance power generation, including SunPower’s 22.4 percent efficiency Maxeon solar cell technology, which is designed to capture more sunlight and conduct more electrical current than conventional solar cells. The panels are designed to accommodate transformer-less inverters. The E20 Series will be available in North America at the beginning of 2012. us.sunpowercorp.com SunPower Corporation | Reader Service No. 4
Wind Turbine Modular Foundations Cell Block precast modular foundations have been developed for small and community wind turbines. The system allows for the harnessing of wind power on sites like landfills and contaminated Superfund sites as well as remote locations. Cell Block modular foundation systems are a precast post-tensioned block system that reportedly can be assembled in a variety of configurations onsite with minimal site preparation. Each non-ground penetrating Cell Block modular foundation system is designed and engineered specifically for the location of the installation. www.oldcastleprecast.com Cell Blocks Inc. and Oldcastle Precast Inc. | Reader Service No. 5
Recycled Mounting Unit Renusol America’s CS60 is a one-piece solar panel mounting unit for flat roofs that is made with a 100 percent recycled high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) base. The plastic mounting system is lighter than aluminum and reportedly easy to work with. The CS60 is intended to make a “one panel, one mounting unit” solution possible — eliminating single
harsh environments. EPDM accessories are also available. www.firestonebpco.com Firestone Building Products | Reader Service No. 7
Transformer-less Inverters SMA Solar Technology AG’s SMA transformerless Sunny Boy 8000TL-US, Sunny Boy 9000TL-US, and Sunny Boy 10000TL-US inverters are certified by Underwriters Laboratories (UL). The inverters’ reduced weight reportedly make it easier to mount the devices. The Sunny Boy 8000TL-US and Sunny Boy 9000TL-US feature weighted efficiencies of 98 percent according to the California Energy Commission (CEC), while the Sunny Boy 10000TL-US achieved 97.5 percent. www.SMA-America.com SMA America LLC | Reader Service No. 8
row panel placement with rigid aluminum racking rails. Renusol CS60 base is made with UV stabilizing agents, is designed to have a low electrical conductivity and is resistant to heat. www.renusolamerica.com Renusol America | Reader Service No. 6
EPDM Flashing Firestone FlashGard SA Thru-Wall Flashing is a self-adhered EPDM thru-wall flashing. Intended to be long-lasting and durable, FlashGard SA reportedly provides strong expansion and contraction characteristics and performance in
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Buildings are being designed to a new performance standard using...
Insulating Concrete Forms
NEW + NOTABLE Floating Solar Panels SPG Solar Floatovoltaics are designed to make it possible for commercial, industrial and government users with little available rooftop or land space to float solar on water, providing energy savings, water savings and environmental benefits. Where water is at a premium, the system aims to offer significant conservation benefits: reduces water evaporation up to 70 percent, improves water quality by providing coverage from the sun that minimizes algae growth, and provides shade below the panels, lowering the water temperature and improving power output from the solar panels. www.spgsolar.com SPG Solar Inc. | Reader Service No. 9
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Integra Enclosures introduced its 24x24x10 enclosure product, a part of the Genesis line, to meet customer needs for largerscaled application protection solutions. The engineered thermoplastic enclosures are designed to provide protection for a range of industries and environments including remote monitoring, energy, water treatment, petrochemical, communications, electrical construction and more. Integra enclosures are non-corrosive and non-conductive. www.integraenclosures.com Integra Enclosures | Reader Service No. 10
Electronic Faucets Chicago Faucets’ new Self Sustaining Power System (SSPS) is a new energy-efficient turbine power option for its line of high-performance electronic faucets. The SSPS uses turbine technology to create and store power every time water is used. A 6-pole magnet and dual-inductor rotor turbine create energy from water flow. The energy created by the turbine is stored in a rechargeable storage device that mounts under the sink and can be attached to the wall. The system comes with a back-up battery and voltage regulator for smart power selection. www.chicagofaucets.com The Chicago Faucets Company | Reader Service No. 11
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PVI Industries is now manufacturing water heaters and storage tanks from AquaPLEX, an engineered duplex alloy. AquaPLEX combines the grain structures of both 300 and 400 series stainless steels, offering the benefits of both and designed to exceed the performance of either material alone. Tanks made from AquaPLEX require no lining and no anode rods. Water can be stored at greater than 200 F continuously with no effect. www.pvi.com PVI Industries | Reader Service No. 12
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AWA R D S
ENERGIZED Education The Excellence in Design winner in the Education category puts an emphasis on educating children through a hands-on experience.
T
he Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center puts the education of its students at the forefront — just like it does access to its systems geared toward sustainability and energy conservation. It’s this use of the facility itself as an educational tool that nudged it to the head of the class in the Education category of the 2011 EID awards. At the commencement of the project, the architects met with a design committee consisting of teachers, administration, maintenance staff, parents, students and local industry professionals to establish a program for the project. Several meetings during the schematic design process were held to discuss ideas and receive direction. In addition to getting valuable input from the design committee, the process helped garner the committee’s total support of the final
IMAGES BY PAUL MULLINS, MULLINS STUDIO.
design. “The initial wish list was pretty long, and it’s remarkable how John Smith and his team at S.I.M. were able to incorporate so much green into a relatively small project,” says energy consultant Mark Alvis of Alvis Projects Inc. Funded equally by a Career Technical Education Grant and Clovis Unified School
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Higher Learning Lower Expenses
How would you like to improve thermal performance, decrease energy costs, minimize maintenance requirements and lower operational expenses for your school facilities? What about fixing leaky roofs and correcting problematic rainwater discharge? MBCI can help you achieve all of these goals through our many product offerings, including a metal roof that lasts 40 years or more. To learn how our NuRoof® retrofit roofing system, our Eco-ficient™ insulated metal panels or our many other metal construction solutions can help you save time and money in more ways than one, call or visit us online at www.mbci.com/schooldesign.
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ENERGIZED Education
IMAGES BY PAUL MULLINS, MULLINS STUDIO.
District, the final cost for the project came to $4,603,879. Those funds were put toward a curriculum the district had determined would best serve its students: the green industry. By providing students with an educational pathway and a facility emphasizing future careers in sustainability through vocational classes to educate and train for future careers, this project has become a valuable educational resource for the entire community. Since this facility was built to teach sustainable design and alternative energy systems, it was paramount that the building be a living and breathing example of both. The facility, as an instructional device, is part of the daily lessons and experiments.
Teaching Tool One of the major components to successful vocational education is to provide hands-on
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experience. The Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center is designed to be a teaching tool, allowing students to have realtime interaction with all the different energy and sustainable elements of the facility. The concrete floors contain radiant floor heating, which can be viewed through Plexiglas view panels. A second story study area allows students access to photovoltaic panel arrays, a vegetative green roof, wind turbines and other such green design elements. There is also a demonstration wall where students can install components they design, build and then monitor to see the energy ramifications. Not only can students physically see two different types of operating wind turbines, they are also able to measure and analyze the energy production of each.
Almost everything about the building’s design and construction was an example of sustainability and alternative energy concepts. The envelope is super insulated and efficient with insulated concrete form (ICF) walls, efficient window systems and a green vegetative roof. The mechanical systems are high efficiency and provide healthy air quality with the heating and thermal displacement cooling systems. An abundance of natural light and ventilation is provided with operable window systems. “The entire building is wired,” Alvis adds. “Students can monitor the output of the wind turbines and the PV arrays in real time. They can compare time of day, temperature and seasonal effects on the different systems. Overhead, plumbing and ducting is purposefully left exposed, much of it labeled so students can see how the whole building is connected.”
2011 EDUCATIONAL CATEGORY WINNER
Project Name: Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center Location: Clovis, Calif. Size: 10,000 square feet (overall) Cost: $4,603,879 Completed: September 1, 2010 Type: New construction Winning Team Architect: S.I.M. Architects Principal Architect: John H. Smith Lead Designer: Clinton Mukai Project Manager: Russell Bybee Interior Designer: Jessica Castro Interior Designer: Wylene Powers Construction Manager: Harris Construction Structural Engineer: ASDI Civil Engineer: Blair, Church & Flynn Mechanical Engineer: LP Engineering Low Voltage Consultant: One Interface Energy Consultant: Alvis Projects Inc. Landscape Architect: Broussard & Associates Clovis Unified School District Staff Superintendent: Dr. David Cash Assistant Superintendent, Facility Services: Don Ulrich Director of Construction and Engineering: Rick Lawson
Materials Flooring: Heritage (Bomanite polished and sealed concrete) Ceiling: Armstrong (acoustical ceiling tiles) Wood: FSC-certified wood (used for casework) Roofing: Tremco (cool roofing, vegetative roof), Garland (cool metal roofing) HVAC System and Appliances: McQuay (chiller with displacement vents used for cooling), Phoenix (water heater with solar thermal systems), Solar Thermal Systems (solar water heater), Armstrong Pump (radiant floor heat tubing) Insulation or ICFs: Logix (ICF walls) Paints and Wallcoverings: Frazee (low-VOC paint), Benjamin Moore (low-VOC paint), Tectum (acoustical panels) Energy Efficiency: Lithonia (automatic daylight sensors); Solatube (light tubes to interior rooms), BP (photovoltaic solar panels), SunPower (crystalline solar panels), Unisolar (thin film solar panels), Swift & Windspire (wind turbines) Building Envelope: Owens Corning (R-38 roof insulation), Kalwall (translucent wall system), PPG (low-E glazing), Kawneer (thermal broken storefront) Plumbing Fixtures: Zurn (low-flow fixtures), Bradley (light operated sink) Landscaping: Hunter & Toro (irrigation systems for reduced water use)
In addition to rooftop experiment areas, an outdoor patio on the south side of the energy shops provides an area for experimentation, as well as an opportunity for the study of Xeroscape plantings and irrigation systems. Important consideration was also given to the siting of the building. By locating it against the street, it allows greater visibility for student recruiting and interested neighbors. The building is oriented such that it maximizes northern and southern exposure. Dividing the building into two components, with a central east/ west circulation spine, doubled the northern and southern exposure. This spine not only provides access, but it allows for additional outdoor teaching opportunities since it is covered. Along the main circulation path, an information kiosk has been located. The kiosk will allow passersby to view real-time energy data as well as a tutorial explaining the building and its green design elements. With the majority of the windows facing north and south, it was easy to control the sun and allow for an abundance of natural light. Light wells were created through the second floor study area, and light shelves are utilized on the south facing windows of the class-
rooms to further increase natural daylight. “The classrooms are lit with natural light from huge Kalwall panels which form much of the north wall,” says Alvis. “In addition, there are operable storefront-type windows on the south side that bring in more natural light. Light sensors in the ceiling automatically turn lights on or off as needed.”
Expert Interaction Another important aspect of vocational education is the interaction of the local industry experts. As part of the programming and design process, partnerships with several green entities were established. These entities were important with regard to the design of the project and helped with the development of the curriculum. Several of these partners have also agreed to future presentations and student project development. Once the certification is complete, the project is expected to attain LEED Gold and be CHPS compliant. The above information was provided by S.I.M. Architects and Alvis Projects Inc. For more information on ED+C’s annual Excellence in Design Awards contest, visit eid.EDCmag.com.
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EducationalFINALISTS INTERNATIONAL VILLAGE, NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY Submitted By: Richard Mooore Environmental Consulting Size: 482,750 square feet Location: Boston Cost: $160 million Northeastern University’s International Village, a mixed-use project, achieved LEED Gold certification, and it is the largest Gold educational complex in the U.S. (at time of award.) The program includes residence halls for undergraduate students (1,200 beds), offices, class and conference rooms for the university and retail space. The complex consists of four linked buildings connected by a ground-floor plinth whose rooftop provides a green garden roof for the students. Three towers form the student dormitories (22, 19 and 9 stories respectively) and the fourth building contains ground floor retail, offices, class and conference rooms.
COPYRIGHT TIMOTHY HURSLEY
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MORRIS ARBORETUM HORTICULTURE CENTER Submitted By: Overland Partners Architects Size: 20,000 gross square feet Location: Springfield Township, Pa. Cost: $7.8 million Once a 19th century private estate, the University of Pennsylvania Morris Arboretum Horticulture Center is now a 21st century world-renowned public garden and educational institution. The first phase of the new horticulture center forms a campus anchored by a central “farm courtyard.” Thousands of rare plants, including some of Philadelphia’s oldest and largest trees, are set on a 92-acre landscape. The current buildings are designed to achieve LEED Platinum. Additionally, the buildings create an entire water management system including water harvesting and a constructed wetland that provides treatment of wastewater.
CREDIT: JEFFREY TOTARO
STEPS BUILDING Submitted By: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Size: 135,000 gross square feet Location: Bethlehem, Pa. Cost: $62 million The STEPS Building houses Lehigh University’s new Science, Technology, Environment, Policy and Society program, which integrates the sciences, environmental studies, engineering and the social sciences. From the beginning, the design process integrated site and campus; program and activity; and technological and sustainable criteria. The architects identified opportunities to enhance the physical campus and improve campus life through social stimulation as well as provide new teaching and learning resources for a balanced, holistic outcome. While melding site and program, the architects introduced technological and sustainable practices to achieve a fully integrated design.
CREDIT: BARRY HALKIN PHOTOGRAPHY
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CREDIT: TOM ARBAN KINNEAR CENTRE FOR CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION, BANFF CENTRE Submitted By: Diamond and Schmitt Architects Size: 88,000 square feet Location: Banff, Alberta, Canada Cost: $63.4 million (CAD) The Kinnear Centre for Creativity and Innovation is at the physical and programmatic heart of the Banff Centre campus. It provides opportunities for people from different disciplines and varied expertise. The Kinnear Centre contains a three story galleria, naturally lit with clerestory, which is the functional as well as social spine of the Kinnear Centre, connecting all levels. The horizontal, minimalist exterior contrasts with the verticality and majesty of the mountains, resulting in a structure that blends with the landscape. The Kinnear Centre is targeting LEED Gold certification.
CREDIT: LPA INC./COSTEA PHOTOGRAPHY INC. SOUTH TAHOE HIGH SCHOOL Submitted By: LPA Inc. Size: CTE Green Academy, 27,300 square feet; ORG: 29,200 square feet Location: South Lake Tahoe, Calif. Cost: CTE CTE Green Academy, $400/ square foot; ORG: $550/square foot Lake Tahoe Unified School district embarked on a facilities master plan to create five facilities for its students. The CTE Green Construction and Transportation Academy was the first to be completed and was quickly followed by the Overcrowding Relief Grant (ORG) funded classroom building. Both buildings are CHPS designed and qualified for a high-performance energy grant by beating California’s Title 24 energy standard by 30 percent. The CTE Green Construction and Transportation Academy exposes students to green careers.
See the article Customizing Spaces that Build Career Interest in the March 2011 issue of ED+C for a case study on this project. Reader Service No. 43 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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Design in Service of Educating the Global Citizen
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY’S SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL SERVICE CALLED ON A VARIETY OF SOURCES FOR THE INSPIRATION OF ITS DESIGN. PHOTO BY PRAKASH PATEL, COURTESY OF WILLIAM MCDONOUGH + PARTNERS.
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AMERICAN UNIVERSITY’S SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL SERVICE EMBODIES THE CURRICULUM. By Katherine Grove, AIA, LEED AP BD+C
H
ow can a building project on a Washington, D.C., college campus embody the values of global peace and social justice embraced by those who work, learn and teach there? This core question guided the vision for the new home of the School of International Service at American University (AU). A robust, diversely populated program, the School of International Service (SIS) is the largest school of international affairs in the U.S., yet until recently the program was housed in one of the smallest buildings at AU. Classes and office space were scattered throughout the campus; it was challenging for students, staff and faculty to gather or to identify positively with their built environment as a manifestation of their values. When the building committee assembled for the new project, these challenges were re-envisioned as part of a set of guiding principles for the design: promote peace through the support of non-violence; support humane labor practices; harmonize with the natural world; enhance human health; create opportunities for all people; and provide free access to information.
Diverse Sources William McDonough + Partners served as the design architect, working closely with Quinn Evans Architects, architect of record, to translate these principles into a built form that respects the SIS mission and supports human and environmental health. Input from the diverse SIS community was critical to the design process. Traditional integrated design team players — building owners, end users, architects and engineers — were joined by dozens of students, as well as staff, professors, O&M, landscape designers and others from the university community to prioritize goals for the project. Student input, in particular, directly influenced key decisions; for instance, students led the design team to focus heavily on implementation of solar strategies to promote the importance of clean power generation as a justice issue for struggling economies around the world. Similarly, students campaigned successfully to add more classrooms to the new building program so they could increase the time spent in the shared SIS environment, in daylit classrooms with outside views. Faculty and staff also embraced the design process; class curricula over multiple semesters studied various aspects of the building process from design through construction, with students researching materials and environmental strategies for the building as well as delving into the social impacts of fair labor contracts and global sourcing of materials. The architects, engineers and facilities staff engaged www.EDCmag.com
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Design in Service of Educating the Global Citizen
with students in work sessions, presentations, feedback sessions and visits to design offices and the construction site, enriching the dialogue for all parties. Ultimately, the building design reflects this diverse input, and the new SIS home is a welcoming environment for all who work and visit there. Literal and metaphorical transparency is embraced; a daylit central atrium funnels light throughout the building, acts as both entry and gathering space, and visually displays the daily functioning of SIS to the main Bendheim Quadrangle and the rest of the university community. Key program elements — the school’s café (the Davenport Lounge, a student-run fair-trade coffee lounge popularly used by all the university community), classrooms and the dean’s office — are positioned in highly visible locations at the atrium’s Quad entrance. Breakout spaces such as balconies, enlarged hallway nodes, glass-walled conference rooms, outdoor terraces and informal amphitheater seating in the atrium, are located throughout the project and incorporate movable furniture, daylight controls and ample plug access to facilitate diverse ways of working and learning. SIS staff and students host guests from across the globe, conducting tours that demonstrate the synergy between the International Service program and the design features of the building to potential students, ambassadors and others. The new SIS building provides the school an expanded, central venue for global policy conferences and inhouse gatherings, and was the site where President Barack Obama delivered a speech on immigration reform in July 2010. A perforated metal frieze around the building’s exterior
THE TRANSPARENCY OF THE ATRIUM SERVES MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS. PHYSICALLY, IT ALLOWS AMPLE DAYLIGHT INTO THE SPACE AND CREATES A HEALTHIER SPACE. METAPHORICALLY, IT HARMONIZES WITH THE NATURAL WORLD. PHOTOS BY PRAKASH PATEL, COURTESY OF WILLIAM MCDONOUGH + PARTNERS.
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SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL SERVICE Location: Washington, D.C. Owner: American University Project Size: 75,000 square feet above grade Date Completed: Summer 2010 Project Team QWilliam McDonough + Partners, Design Architect QQuinn Evans Architects, Architect of Record QAU Office of the University Architect, Landscape Architect and Interior Designer QTaylor Engineering, Design Mechanical Engineer QGHT Limited, Mechanical Engineer of Record QMcMullan Associates, Structural Engineer QDelon Hampton Associates, Civil Engineer QLoisos + Ubbelohde Associates, Daylighting Consultant QSustainable Design Consulting, LEED Consultant QPEG, Fire Code and Suppression Consultant QWhiting Turner, General Contractor QConceptual Site Furnishings, Frieze Construction
acts as signage, reflecting the diversity of the SIS population its global mission — the frieze abstracts the triangulated patterns of Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion Map of the world, showing continents “unfolded” in different relationships on panels at different sides of the building. Use of the Dymaxion Map as inspiration for the frieze originally came from a shared personal connection that SIS Dean Louis Goodman and design architect William McDonough had with Fuller; at the same time the Dymaxion method of mapping the globe was one that SIS faculty embraced as it manifests fewer distortions of physical land and water masses than many traditional mapping systems. Ultimately, while the architects proposed the original concept and developed the construction details of the frieze, the final placement of the map’s triangulation onto the frieze panels was completed by a collaborative team within the university, resulting in a true cross-pollination of ideas between academics, technicians and designers. The frieze pattern, while abstracted, is still recognizable and allows people Reader Service No. 44 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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Design in Service of Educating the Global Citizen
THE CENTRAL ATRIUM ALSO ACTS AS AN EXHAUST PLENUM FOR THE BUILDING. PHOTOS BY PRAKASH PATEL, COURTESY OF WILLIAM MCDONOUGH + PARTNERS.
to discover their “home” continent and then view it in changing relationships to the rest of the globe as they move around the building. Other aspects of the façade reflect the context of classical tripartite elements of the neighboring AU buildings facing the main Quad and adjacent Nebraska Avenue — traditional elements such as tall floor-to-floor glazing, large cornices and deep façades allow daylight to penetrate deep into the building — while the incorporation of high-performance glazing, sun shades and the perforated frieze/screening modulate glare and heat gain in support of optimized energy use. And while the SIS exterior incorporates elements drawn from the classical façades of nearby buildings, this articulation is broken open at the Quad and Nebraska entries, increasing visible connectedness to the interior functions, using daylight as a tool to draw people in, and allowing entry at grade to facilitate equality of access (most buildings around the Quad have elevated ground floors, which necessitated the later addition of
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ramps). Elements such as the sun shades were modeled and studied in 3D to understand the impact of increasing the shades’ projection with respect to cost effectiveness.
Social Input Modeling social and environmental justice through the building’s performance was also a critical design metric, one which resulted in LEED Gold certification of the project in March
2011. The new SIS building is located on a former parking lot site which was the last empty parcel adjacent to the campus Quad. A Quad “loop” of mechanical services was already in place and designed to accommodate building on this site; however, the engineering team prepared an intensive analysis comparing use of the existing services versus development of a standalone integrated building system and ranked options according to philosophical alignment, ease of implementation, operation and maintenance over the life of the building, and cost. The integrated design team developed strategies to optimize building energy use, including extensive daylighting coupled with glare and heat gain control, use of LED lighting in the parking garage, and energy modeling to tune building insulation. The building program includes a large number of closed offices (necessary to accommodate the visual and acoustical privacy needed for faculty research and student support), each of which includes operable windows and individual mechanical and daylight
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Design in Service of Educating the Global Citizen
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Lafarge farge iss about so m much more than materials. It’s about the people who stand behind them. It’s about people dedicated to transforming materials about the peopl to adapt to our everyday environment. These are the people of Lafarge. Those who are totally committed to finding sustainable solutions for a better world. Those who collaborate with architects, leading universities, research centers, industry and environmental organizations to make sustainable construction a reality. I’m proud to be one of these people. Join me online where I discuss Lafarge’s environmental commitment in product development and the contributions of our innovative ultra-high-performance concrete.
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© 2011 Lafarge North America Inc. LEED and the related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and is used with permission.
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controls. The central atrium acts as an exhaust plenum for the multistory building, and it is also intentionally not conditioned to the same comfort levels as the offices and classrooms on a daily basis when it is primarily used as a space for impromptu dialogue. Following all the analysis and design energy optimization, the team felt confident to tie into the existing mechanical systems loop, while simultaneously planning for the building’s rooftop to become a solar factory that feeds power into the campus electricity grid. In addition to polycrystalline photovoltaics, the building includes solar hot water heating and solar preheating of conditioned air through the use of a transpiration system on the south wall of the building’s rooftop mechanical penthouse. The design also optimizes water use, and the project uses low- and no-flow fixtures, coupled with rainwater harvesting for both toilet flushing and landscape irrigation to achieve exemplary water use reduction. Rain gardens and sand filters in the landscape design slow stormwater flows. A portion of the building roof is designed for future installation of a demonstration green roof — students have suggested this space be used to grow edibles for the building’s café. Building materials were assessed according to human and environmental health criteria using design architect William McDonough + Partners’ Cradle to Cradle philosophy, earning 12 of 15 possible points for Indoor Environmental Quality in the LEED certification, as well as an innovation credit for AU’s implementation of a green housekeeping program for the project. SIS Dean Goodman charged the design team to build on the school’s history. “Our founders had a vision of peace that would educate citizens planning to be of service.” He also asked for “a place where students can dream.” The school’s new home embraces its need for a place of community, welcoming and accessible to all, that reflects its values and aspirations. KATHERINE GROVE, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, SPECIALIZES IN THE DESIGN OF INSTITUTIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS THAT USE AN INTEGRATED TEAMING APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE. SHE IS A DIRECTOR WITH WILLIAM MCDONOUGH + PARTNERS.
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