Language Work in English

Language Work in English (For II Year Pre-University Students) VELLALA SATHY AM, M.A., B.Se., B.Ed. SRILAXMI B. RAO, M...

Author: Vellala Sathyam; Srilaxmi B Rao

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Language Work in English (For II Year Pre-University Students)

VELLALA SATHY AM, M.A., B.Se., B.Ed. SRILAXMI B. RAO, M.A., B.Ed.

Hal Himalaya GpublishingCflouse MUMBAI

•

DELHI

•

NAG PUR

•

BANGALORE •

HYDERABAD

©

No part ofth,is book shall be reproduced, reprinted or translated for any purpose whatsoever without prior pennission of the Publisher in writing.

ISBN

978-93-5024-537-8

Revised Edition: 2010

Published by

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CONTENTS

Page.No.

UNIT 1

PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION

UNIT 2

GENERAL ENGLISH

UNIT 3

LANGUAGE ACTIVITIES (From Text Book)

1-97

98-157

158-162

"This page is Intentionally Left Blank"

UNIT - I

COMPREHENSION

COMPREHENSION - 1: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: It was a long time before I returned from abroad and was agaIn in London. And the first shop I went to was my oldJriend's. I had left the cobbler a man of sixty; I came back to one of seventy five, pinched, worn out and tremulous. (1) "Oh! Mr.Gessler!", I said, sick at heart. "How splendid your boots are! See, I have liMn wearing this pair nearly all the time I have been abroad; and they are not half worn out, are they?" (2) He looked long at my boots. (3) "Do you want any boots?" he said. "I can make them quickly; it is slack time." (4) I answered: "Please! Please! I want boots - every kind." (5)· "Thank you. I will make afresh model! Your foot must be bigger?" (6) So saying, with utter slownes, he traced round my foot, and felt my .toes. (7) . . /'

To watch him was painful; so feeble had he grown. I was glad to get away. (8) I had given those boots up, when one evening they came. Opening the parcel I set the four pairs out in a row. Then one by one I tried them on. In shape and fit, in finish and quality of leather, they were the best he had ever made for me. And in the mouth of one of them, I found his bill. The amount was the same as usual, but it gave me quite a shock. He had never before sent his bill like that. I flew downstairs, wrote a cheque and posted it at once with my own hand. (9)

2

Language Work in EngLish

A week later, I thought I would go and tell him how splendidly the new boots fitted. But when I came to where his shop had been, his nameboard was gone. (10) I went in very much disturbed. A young man was sitting in his place. (11) "Mr. Gessler in?" I said. (12) "No, Sir," he said, "no. But we can attend to anything with pleasure. We have taken the shop over. You've seen our name, no doubt, next door. We make for some very good people!" (13) "Yes, yes," I said, "but Mr. Gessler?" (14) "Oh!" he answered, "dead:" (15) "Dead! But I only received the.s e boots from him last Wednesday!" (16) "Ah!" he said, "A shocking go. Poor man, starved himself." (17) "Good God!" (18) "Slow starvation, the doctor called it! You see, he went to work in such a way! Wouldn't have a soul touch his boots but himself when he got an order, it took him much time. People won't wait. He lost everybody. I'll say this for him-not a man in London made a better boot! But look at the competition! Henever advertised! Would've the besUeather, too, and do it all himself. Well, there it is . What could you expect with his ideas?" (19) "But, starvation-!" (20) "That may be a bit flowery, as the sayin' is. But I knew he was sittin' over his boots day and night to the very last. I used to watch him. Never gave himself time to eat; He never had a penny in the house. All went in rent and leather. How he lived so long, I don't know. He regularly let his fire go out. He was a character. But he made good boots." (21) . "Yes," I said, "he made good boots." (22) And I turned and went out quickly, for I did not want the youth to know that I could hardly see. (23)

[Condensed from Quality By John GalsworthyJ

• I.

Answ.er each of the (ollowing in a word, a ' phrase, or a sentence, as . ) required: . 1. . The author's native place was .... .. ... .... .

2.

He had gone abroad for. .. .. , .... .. ... years.

,

'nit -[ (Comprehension)

3.

The first shop he visited on his return was ............. .

4.

The cobbler's name was ............... He was ............ years old.

5.

'To be sick at heart' means

3

(a) having heart trouble (b) feeling pity (c) becoming angry. 6.

"How splendid your boots are!" 'Your boots' means (a) the boots that Gessler was wearing (b) the boots that were made by Gessler for the author (c) the boots that Gessler had made and exhibited in his shop.

7.

8.

The author had worn a pair of boots made by Gessler for nearly ............ years when he was .......... But still they were not even ............. . (i) Gessler looked for a long time at. ........... . (ii) He did so because

(a) due to old age, he could not grasp 'things fast. (b) He got pleasure in looking at the things he had made. (c) His eye sight was poor. 9. Gessler said that he could execute the orders for new boots quickly, because it was .............. . 10. Gessler took a fresh ............ ,. of the author's foot, because he expected that. .......... " 11. The author found it painful to watch Gessler, because ............ ,. 12. (i) The author had no hope that Gessler would make his boots. (Yes/No) (ii) He was surprised when one evening he received the cel of his boots. (Yes/No)

par~

13. (i) The ............. pair of boots sent by Gessler to the author were the .............. he had ever made for. ......... . (ii) They were excellent in ...... '" .... , ........... , '" '" ., ... , .. , and 14. Gessler had charged for them the same old usual rate. (Yes/No) 15. The author was shocked by (a) the rate charged for the boots (b) the fit and finish of the boots (c) the bill found in the mouth of one of the boots.

Language Work in English

4

16. Gessler usually sent his bill with the parcel of boots. (True/False) 17. (i) The author immediately wrote and posted a cheque to Gessler. (True/ False) (ii) He did so, because, the bill sent by Gessler to the author with the boots (a) shocked him (b) angered him (c) made him feel that Gessler was probably in need of money urgently. 18. A week later, the author went to Gessler's shoe-shop. (a) to order for more pairs of boots. (b) To tell him that the new boots fitted very well. (c) To thank him for making such excellent boots at such a low rate. 19. The author was surprised and worried when he reached the shop because ............ .. 20.

(i) ............ was found sitting in Gessler's place. (ii) He was also a shoe-maker. (True/False) (iii) His shoe-shop was beside Gessler's. (True/False) (iv) He had now become the proprietor of Gessler's shop. (True/False) (v) He too made shoes for high class people. (True/False) (vi) He told the author that Gessler .............. ..

21. The author would not believe the words of the young man, because .......... .. 22. Gessler had died of.. .......... . 23.

(i) Gessler COULD/COULD NOT execute fast the orders he got. (ii) He had told the author that he WOULD/WOULD NOT deliver the shoes quickly. (iii) In fact, he sent the parcel of new shoes to the author very late/earlier than expected.

24. Gessler lost most of his customers because .......... .. 25. Gessler made the best boots because (i) He tfsed ................ ..

(ii) He did not.. ............ . 26.

(i) Gessler's profit margin was very low because .......... .. (ii) His work was slow, because ............ .. (iii) He was not able to ..... : ....... with the other shoe-makers.

Unit -[ (Comprehension)

5

27. (i) Customers want not only ............ but also .............. . (ii) Gessler gave his customers (a) the first and not the second (b) the second and not the first (c) both the first and the second (d) neither the first nor the second 28. Gessler's idea about making good shoes (a) were appreciated by the young man. (b) were appreciated by the author. (c) made him starve to death. 29. Gessler 'sat over his boots day and night' means (a) he worked without rest. (b) he worked in the day and also in the night. , (c) he guarded tht1boots being made by him.

30. Gessler starved himself to death by ,

"

,

(i) not finding'tidle to eat. (Yes'lNo) (ii) not having money to buy food. (Yes/No) 31. Gessler spent all the money he got for (i) .................. (ii) ................ . 32. 'He let his fire go out' means (a) He was the cause of his own death. (b) He kept no fire burning to keep himself warm. (c) He allowed the warriith of his fire to be shared by outsiders. 33. 'But he made good boots.' Here, 'but' expresses (a) appreciation for the high quality of Gessler's work. (b) disapproval of Gessler's strange ideas. (c) sorrow over his death. 34. The author could hardly see when he Came out of Gessler's shop, because ............... . 35. The author came out of the shop quickly, because ............ .

II. Change the Voice of the Verb in the following sentences: 1.

I had left the cobbler a man of sixty.

2.

Are any boots wanted by you now?

3.

I will make a fresh model.

4.

I had given those boots up.


6

5.

The four pairs were set by me in a row.

6. Then, one by one, I tried them on. 7. They were the best that had been ever made by him for me. 8. I wrote a cheque and posted it at once. 9. The shop has been taken over by us. 10. But he made good boots. III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1. Paragraph-2

?

Conversation in paragraphs 4, 5 and 6.

3. Conversation in paragraphs 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17. IV. A. Fill in the blanks in the following with suitable Verbs, Auxiliary Verbs, or Question Words as"required:

'"

1. ................ you want any boots? 2. . ............... not your foot bigger? 3. .. .............. not your foot grown bigger? 4. .. .......... ," . .1 take a fresh trace of your foot? 5 ................. he ever before sent his bill like that? 6 ................. was sitting in Gessler's place? 7 ................. you not seen our name board? 8. .. .............. you not see the new board? 9 ................. did the doctor say? 10. .. .............. people wait so long? 11. ................ any man in London make better boots? 12 ................. is the competition these days? 13. .. .............. do you expect to do with such meager funds? 14 ................. he not make money out of it? 15 ................. did he go out so suddenly? B. Frame questions so as to get the Underlined words as answers: 1. He returned from abroad. 2. One evening they came. 3. He placed them in a row. 4. She found the bill in the mouth of one of them. 5. They went to him a week later. 6. His name board was gone. 7. He died of slow starvation.

Unit-/ (Comprehension)

7

8. The doctor says so. 9. He makes good

boots~

10. She went out quickly, because she did not want him to see her in tears. C. Add suitable Question Tags to the following statements:

1. He was sad and sickly, ............ ? 2. Your boots are splendid, ............ ? 3. He looked long at my boots, .............. ? 4. You do not want new boots, ................ ? 5. Your foot has not grown bigger, ................ ? 6. He had grown very weak, ................... ? 7. They were not the best, ............. ? 8. He had never sent his bill like that, .............. ? 9. He never advertised, .............. ? 10. I don't know how he did it, ................. ? 11. He never had a penny in his house, .............. ? 12. I did not want you to come, ............... ?

D. In the following conversations, make-up suitable questions beginning with question words: (i) AUTHOR: ............... ? Gessler: I am quite well, Sir. Author: ................... ? Gessler: I can make two or three pairs of boots per week. Author: ................ ? Gessler: I shall be glad to make boots for you .................. ? Author: I want three or four pairs. (ii) Author: ................ ? Youngman: No Sir, Mr.Gessler is not in. Author: ................ ? Youngman: I am sorry. He is dead.

V. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. After seeing the old man I felt sick .................... (in within, at) heart. 2. The news of his arrest gave us ............... (quiet a, a quiet, quite a, a quite) shock. 3. The new boots fitted (me, my legs, my feet) splendidly. 4. Is your father .............. (inside, in)?


8

5. 1.. ............... (came to, came into, came onto) where his shop had been. 6. They live ................. (next to door, next in door, next of door, next door) to us. 7. It took him ................. (much, more, much more) time to do even a simple thing. 8. He always used the ... : ............ materials (good, better, best). 9. They have taken the business ................ (on, in, over). 10. This table has very good .................. '" (finish, finishing).

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words from the list given below: 1. I had thought.. ............... he had forgotten me; ................ one fine morning I got this letter from him. 2. In shape ................... fit, in finish ................... quality, they were the best I had seen. 3. It was the same person, no doubt; ................. there was some change in him. 4. I wrote the reply .................. posted at once. 5. He is not in, ., ........ , .... I can attend to anything you want. (and, but, that)

VII.FiII in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets: when there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verb(s) 1.

When 1.. ................. (come) to where his shop was. I found that it had been pulled down.

2.

It gave him great pleasure when he ......................... (ask) to lead the

party. 3.

I don't know how the dog .............. (live) so long in that desert without food.

4.

It was a long time before 1.. .......................... (meet) him again.

5.

I can't imagine how he ....... , ..... (work) so hard at this age.

VIn. Match the words in list A with their meanings in list B: A

1.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

abroad feeble pinched worn tremulous slack

B

(a) distressed (b) not busy (c) weak (d) shaking (e) in foreign countries (f) deteriorated

Unit -/ (Comprehens ion) 2.

I.

II.

(i) disturbed (ii) starve (iii) regular (iv) character (v) give up

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

usual , always worried lose hope suffer from (or die with) hunger special type of person

(I) (..ondon (2) fifteen (3) Gessler ' s shoe-shop (4) Gessler, seventy five (5) b (6) b (7) fifteen, abroad, half worn out (8)(i) the author's boots (ii) a (9) not a busy person (10) trace it would have grown bigger (II) he had become pitiably weak (12)(i) yes (ii) yes (l3)(i ) four best, the author (ii) shape, fit, finish, quality (14) yes (15) c (16) false (I7)(i) true (ii) c (18) b (19) his name board was gone (20)(i) An young man (ii) True (iii) True (iv) True (v) True (vi) was dead (21) he had received boots from Gessler just a week ago (22) slow starvation (23)(i) could not (ii) would (iii) very late (24) he could not do it fast (25 )(i) the best leather (ii) allow anybody else to touch his boots (26)(i) he used costly materials (ii) he did it alone (iii) complete (27)(i) quality speed (ii) a (28) c (29) a (30)(i) yes (ii) yes (31)(i) paying rent (ii) buying the best leather (32) a (33) c (34) his eyes were filled with tears (35) he did not want the young man to see him in tears . 1. The cobbler had been left a man of sixty (by me). 2. Do you want any boots now? 3. A fresh model will be made (by me). 4. Those boots had been given (by me) . 5. I set the four pairs in a row. 6. Then, one by one, they were tried by me on (or, tried on by me). 7. They were the best that he had ever made for me . 8. A cheque was written and it was posted at once (by me) . 9. We have taken over the shop. 10. But good boots were made by him.

(In the above answers, the words enclosed in brackets need not be written) III.

1. Sick at heart, I addressed Mr.Gessler and exclained that his boots were very splendid. I asked him to observe that I had been wearing that pair ... .. ....... ..... I had been ................ ... ; and they were not .. .. .... .... .out, and asked him whether they were . 2. He aske'd me whether I wanted any boots and assured me that he could make them quickly; it was ... ........ . I answered that he should kindly make them and said that I wanted boots-every kind. He thanked ine , and said that he would make a fresh model. He supposed (expected) that my foot .......... .. 3. I asked (him) whether Mr.Gessler was in . He replied emphatically (because there are two 'no's) that he was not in , and added that of course (note this change of 'but') he (or ' they') could attend ........ .. .... He (or ' they ' ) had taken ...... .... ... He had no doubt that I had seen his (or 'their ' ) name next door. He (or ' they') made for. .... ... .. ........ I agreed with him and asked what had happened to (note that 'but' here means 'what has happened to/where is etc.) Mr.Gessler, with an exclamation of


1 0

sorrow (oh!) he answered that he was dead. With great surprise I repeated his word 'dead' and told him that infact (for 'but') I had only received those boots from him the previous Wednesday. He said with an exclamation of pity (Ah!) that he had a shocking go, and that the poor man had starved himself.

The words in brackets need not be written IV. A. 1. Do 2. Is (was) 3. Has (Had) 4. Shall (May) 5. Has (Had) 6. Who 7. Have (Had) 8. Did (Do, Can) 9. What 10. Do (Can) II. Does (Did, Can) 12. How 13: What 14. Did (Does, Can, Will, May, Must, Should) 15. Why. B.

I. Where did he return from?

2. When did they come?

3. How did he place them? 4. Where did he find the bill? 5. When did they go to him? 6. What had happened to his name board? 7. How did he die? 8. Who says so? 9. Does he make good boots? 10. Why did she go out quickly? C.

(I) Was he not? (2) Are they not? (3) Did he not? (4) Do you? (5) Has it? (6) Had he not? (7) Were they? (8) Had he? (9) Did he? (10) Do I? (II) Had he? (12) Did I?

D.

(i) How are you? OR How do you do? How many pairs of boots can you make per week? Will you make some boots for me? ............ How many pairs do you want? (ii) Is Mr.Gessler in? Why? What has happened to him?

V. I. at 2. quite 3. my feet 4. in 5. came to 6. next door 7. much 8. best 9. over 10. finish. VI. 1. that, but 2. and, and 3. but 4. and 5. but. VII. I. came 2. was asked 3. lived/lives 4. met 5. works. VIII. I. (i) e (ii) c (iii) a (iv) l' (v) d (vi) b 2. (i) b (ii) d (iii) a (iv) e (v) c.


11

COMPREHENSION 2: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: The day of the party drew near. Hcit Madame L.oiselwas depressed. (1) . "What is the matter?" ask~d her hu,Sband. (2) She answered: "It vexes me to think that I haven't any jewellary to wear. I shall feel like a perfect pauper." (3) "How silly you are!," excla,imed her husband. "Why don't you ask your friend , Madame Forestier, to lend you some jewellary?" (4) "Yes, of course, it never occurred to me." (5) The next day she paid her friend a visit and explained her predicament. (6) "Help yourself, my dear," said Madame Forestier, putting her jewellery box before her. (7) "Will you lend me this?" Madame Loisel asked in an agony of doubt holding a sparkling necklace of diamonds in her trembling hands. (8) "Why not? Take it," if you have liked it more than everything else' said Madame Forestier smiling. (9) 'At the party Madame Loisel had her triumph. All smiles and grace in an exquisite dress , she was acknowledged the prettiest woman by one and all. It was past midnight when at last the grand party was over. (10) Her husband wanted to get a cab. But no cab was available at that odd hour, and they had to walk all the way home . (11) As soon as she reached home, she desired to look at her own glory once more and went and stood before the mirror. She took off her wrap and the next moment uttered a shrill cry. (12) "Why? What's the matter?" asked her husband who was already half undressed. (13) She turned to him in horror, and said: "1.. ......... 1.. ....... have lost the borrowed necklace." (14) It was only after a full week that they gave up all h{)pe. (15) Mr.Loisel said: "We must replace the diamond necklace." (16) . They went from jeweller to jeweller. At last in a ~hop in Palai's Royal they found a diamond necklace, which was exactly like the lost one. Its price was forty thousand francs. They bought it. When Madame Loisel gave it back to Madame Forestier, the latter said rather reproachfully: (17) "You ought to have returned it sooner." (18)


1 2

; " A new chapter began in the life of Madame Loisel. She and her husband embraced the horrors of utter poverty. The maid was dismissed, the flat 'V,a s given up, and they moved into a garret. She had now to do all the strenuous household work and the odious duties of the kitchen. This went on for ten years, at the end of which they had paid off all their debts to the last penny. (19) Madame Loisel now looked an old woman. (20) One Sunday she went for a stroll in the Champs Elysses. There, by chance, she met Madame Forestier, who looked as young, pretty and attractive as ten years ago. (21) "Good Morning, Jeanne." (22) Her friend, surprised at being addressed so familiarly, turned round, but could not. recognize her. (23) "I am Matilda Loisel." (24) Madame Forestier uttered a cry. "Oh! My poor dear Matilda, how 'you have changed!" (25) "Yes, 1 have been through a very hard time since 1 saw you last. You remember the diamond necklace you lent me to wear?" (26) "Yes, well?" (27) "Well, 1 lost it." (28) "I don't understand." (29) ' ''What 1 brought you back was another one exactly like the one you had lent. And for the last ten years, we have been paying for it." (30) , Madame Forestier stopped dead. (31) "You meari to sa)' that you bought a diamond necklace to replace mine?" (32) "Yes!" (33) Madame Forestier seized ,both her hands in great distress, and said: "Oh my poor, dear Matilda," Why, mine was only of imitation diamonds, at the most, it was worth five hundred francs. (34)

[Condensed from The Necklace By Guy De MaupassamtJ 1 "bY

I. ,,' AnsW~r the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence, eacbJlS required:

1.

'The day drew near. But she was depressed.' Here 'but' indicates that her being in low spirits was (1) natural (b) unnatural(c) unfortunllte.

2.

Madame Loisel was annoyed because she had no ............. to wear.


/3

3.

Going to the party without wearing jewels would make her PAUPER/ LOOK LIKE A PAUPER.

4.

Her husband said that she was silly, because (a) she did not need jewels to make her attractive (b) desire for jewels was foolish (c) she could easily borrow some jewels from her rich friend.

5.

Madame Loisel had also/had not thought of the easy solution suggested by ............... .

6.

The predicament that Madame Loisel was in, was .............. .

7.

By 'Help yourself,' Madame Forestier meant (a) you should have your own jewels. (b) Choose and take any of my jewels. (c) You should not borrow others' jewels (d) Don't ask others to help you.

8.

Madame Loisel's hands trembled when she was holding her friend's necklace because ............ .

9.

(i) Madame Loisel doubted that (a) her friend would not agree to lend such a costly .necklace. (b) The necklace was not made of real diamonds. (c) A poor woman like her was unfit to wear the diamond necklace. (ii) The doubt caused her .............. ..

10. Madame Forestier smiled while permitting her friend to take the necklace, because (a) her friend had selected the best of her jewels. (b) her friend's choice was not wise. (c) she liked her friend very much. 11. Everyone at the party complimented Madame Loisel as ................ ..

12. The grand party ended .............. midnight (at, before, after).

13. (i) Mr. And Madame Loisel had to walk home, because .................. . (ii) They could not get a .................. because .............. .. 14. (i) The first thing that Madame Loisel did on reaching home was to ................... . (ii) She did so because .............. . 15. (i) When she took off her wrap, standing before the mirror, Madame Loisel found ................ . Oi) Therefore she ................ .


1 4

16. The hope of finding the necklac_e, was lost after .............. . 17. Palai' s Royal is the name of a ................ . (a) palace (b) Jewel-shop (c) shopping centre 18. To buy the diamond necklace, the Loisels spent all their savings/borrowed a huge amount.

19. Madame Forestier expressed her pleasure/displeasure while receiving back her necklace. She did so because .............. . 20. 'To embrace the horrors of poverty' means: (a) to welcome poverty without caring about Its horrors. (b) to suffer voluntarily the horrible poverty. (c) to suffer terrible poverty. by force of circumstances. 21. The economy measures undertakeQ by the Loisels were: (i) .............. ..

(ii) ................ (iii) ................. . 22. The Loisels suffered the horrors of extreme poverty for a period of ............ .. 23. She LOOKED an 'old woman' means (a) she appeared to be old, though really she was not. (b) Acted like an aged woman. (c) Looked at an old woman. 24. 'CHAMPS ELYSSES' is probably the name of a (a) park (b) theatre (c) hotel. 25. Madame Loisel/Madame Forestier looked as young as ten years ago. 26. The Christian name of Madame Loisel was ............. And that of Madame Forestier was .............. .. 27. In .............. years .............. had changed so much that .............. could not recognize her. 28. Madame Forestier was surprised because (a)

some~ody

addressed her intimately by her first name.

(b) She could not recognize her friend. (c) Her friend had been so much changed. 29. When .................... .identified herself, ................. uttered a cry of (a) shock (b) surprise (c) pain. 30. Madame Forestier remembered the incident of lending a necklace to her friend. (Yes/No) 31. Madame Forestier could not UNDERSTAND when Madame Loisel told her that sh~ had lost the necklace she had borrowed, because ............. .. 32. Madame Forestier's question: "Do you mean to say that you bought DIAMOND NECKLACE to replace mine?" implies that the necklace she had lent was also made of diamonds/was not made of diamonds.

Unit -/ (Comprehension)

15

33. Madame Forestier was distressed because ............. '" 34. Madame Forestier"s necklace was made tip of .............. diamonds; it was worth ................... francs. The necklace replaced by Madame Loisel was made of.. .............. diamonds. She paid .............. francs for it.

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. I permit you to take it, i{ you nave liked it more than everything ~rse. ,

2. She was acknowledged the prettiest woman by one and all. 3. The next moment she

u~tered

a shrill' cry.

4. I have lost the borrowed necklace. 5. After a full week, all hope was given up by them. 6. The diamond neckl'ace must be replaced by us. 7. In a shop in Palais Royal they found a necklace which was exactly like the lost one. . 8. It ought to have been returned by you sooner. 9. The horrors of poverty were embraced by' her and her husband. 10. The maid was dismissed, the flat was given up, and they moved into a garret. 11. All the strenuous household work and the odious duties of the 'kitchen had to be done now by them. 12. At the end of ten years, they paid of all their debts to the last penny. 13. There she met Madame Forestier. 14. Her friend could not recognize her. 15. What I bought you back was another one, exactly like the o,ne (that) you had lent.

III. Report the following in Indirect Spe,ech: 1. Conversation in paragraphs 2, 3,4 and 5.

2. Conversation in paragraphs 7,8 and 9. 3. Conversation in paragraphs 13 and 14. 4.

~,onversation

in paragraphs 25 to 30.

5. Conversation in paragraphs 32, 33 and 34.

IV. A. Fill in the blanks in the following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs, question words, as required: 1. ................ Madame Loisel depressed? 2 .............. .it occur to you? 3.

............... don't you borrow some jewels from your friend? 4 . ............ ... you lend toe one or two of your jewels? 5 ............... you liked any of these? 6 ................. .is the matter? 7 ........ : ....... was the time when the party was over? 8 ................ you get a cab? 9 . ...... ........ is the mirro.r? 10 ................. did her husband do?

Language Work in E/lglish

16

11. ............ it cost much? 12 ................. are you returning so late? 13 ................ kind of life did they lead? 14 ................. long did you suffer? 15 ................ she really old? 16 ............. you recognize me? 17 ............... .1 not your old friend? 18 ..................... much did you pay for it?

B. Frame questions so as to get the italicized words as answers: 1. I feel LIKE A PERFECT PAUPER. 2. THE NEXT DAY she visited her friend.

3. The next morning I visited MY SISTER. 4. He enquired IN SOME SHOPS the next morning. 5. MADAME LOISEL was acknowledged the prettiest woman.

6. He could not go there because IT WAS AN ODD HOUR. 7. She UTTERED A SHRILL CRY. 8. The case went on FOR TEN YEARS. 9. She addressed her friend TIAN NAME.

FAMILIARLY BY HER

CHRIS-

10. She bought this in BURMA BAZAR.

C. Add suitable question tags to the following statements: 1. I have n't any nice dress to wear, ................ ?

2. How silly you are! ............... ? 3. Of course, it never occurred to any of us, .................... ? 4. It was past mid night ................ ? 5. Madame Loisel had her triumph at the party, ............... ? 6. They could get a taxi, ................ ? 7. No

~utorikshaw

was available for a long time, ................. ?

8. A new chapter began in their life, .................... ? 9. The show seems to have begun, .................... ? 10. I do not know any details, ................... ?

D. In the following conversations, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: (i) Husband: ............... ?

Wife: The child's birthday is on next Monday. Husband: ................ ? Wife: I am depressed because we. can not celebrate it on a grand scale. (ii) Rama: I am in trouble.


17

Vma: Oh! Tell me, ............... . ? Rama: .......... ... .. . .... ?

Vma: A thousand rupees is not a small amount for me to lend . I can lend you a hundred, .............. .. ? Rama: ........... . ...... . ?

Vma: All right, I shall make it two hundred. But. .... . .. . .... . . ? Rama: I shall return it within a week.

IV. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. He is ......... .... . .. (suppressed, oppressed, depressed) with worries. 2. She held a .......... ... .. (necklace of sparkling diamonds, sparkling necklace of diamonds, necklace sparkling of diamonds, necklace of diamonds sparkling) in her hand. 3. It was . ... . . . .. .. . ..... (only afterthree days, after only three days, after three days only) that he regained consciousness. 4. It was exactly like the ......... ...... (necklace lost, last necklace, lost necklace). 5. The war .... . .. . ... . . . ... (went forth, go on, go forth, went on) for seven years. 6. you ... ... . . . .. .... (can have, ought to have, may have, would have) replied immediately . 7. They moved (to, into, onto) a smaller house . 8. He was so changed that I could not. ... . . .. ...... . (remember, recognize, identify) him. 9 . It was made of. ....... . ...... (unreal, imitation, unnatural) diamonds . 10. The purse was ... . . . .......... .. (Iike the one exactly, like exactly the one, exactly like the one) I had lost. V.

Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words from the list given below: (and, but) 1.

She should have been glad; .... ..... . . . .. . she was very much depressed.

2.

I met the Principal. .... ; .... . . explained everything to him.

3.

He was. praised by one . .. .... . ... all.

4.

I wanted a cup of coffee; .... ..... .... no hotel was open at that odd hour.

5.

He entered in . .... .. .. .. took off his cap.

6.

I looked at her. ............ .. . said, "you are too late."

7.

She looked at me; ...... . ..... could not recognize me.

8.

I shook her hands . .. ........ . said, "congratulations."


18

VI. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in the bradc.; ets. When there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with a suitable auxiliary verbIs: ' 1.

If I don't we..r jewels, 1.. ... ,: ... : ..... : :. , . ~ ... : .. (feel) likea pauper at the party.

2.

Take it if you .....: .................. (like) it more than anythirigdse.

It... : ......... (be) late in the night when the show wa's over. 4. When I returned it to him, he .......... (look) at me angrily. "'S:' Ther~' I;;,et my fri~~d who ........ '. . ... ........ :: ...... . , ~ . (help)me~, ~ot: 3.

~~at

6.

1.. ............. (give) you back was anQther cheaper pen.

VII.Match the words in list 'A' with their meanings in list 'B'. I

~

:

I.

•

I

~

.: .' l

,

•~

2.

;

:

'

A ,

·t;: .

1.

:.

(i) depressed " (Ii) silly , (iii) exquIsite (iv) shrill ,(v)odioiJs (vi) utter ' (vii) familiar (i) vex (ii) ' occur (iii) acknowledge (iv) seize (v) tremble (vi)' reproach '

3. , (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

pauper predicainent agony triumph grace glory garret stroll

._

B

(a) disgusting, hateful (b) in low spirits (c) ex~reme (d) excellent (e) foolish (f) intimate (g) very loud.

'

'.

-,'

"

(a) ' (b) (c) (d) (e)

hold firmly accept shake with emotion annoy, irritate s,cold (f) come to mihd.

(a) victory, joy of succe,ss (b) leisurely walk (c) situation (d) poor person (e), splendo,,!r . .~ . (f) loft, attic (g) extr~me pain (h) charm, elegance of mahners ,

:"

'

,

;1,

I.

1. b 2. Jewels 3. Lo'ok like a pauper 4, c, 5, had ~ot6. having ~ojeweis to wear on the occasion of the party 7. b 8, the grand necklace had filled henvith emotion 9 (i) 'a (ii) emotion 10. c II. the most charming (handsome) woman 12, after 13 (i) no cab was available (ii) cab, it wasa very odd hour 14 (i) stand before the mirror (ii) she wanted to look at her own glory once more 15(i) the necklace' missing OJ) uttere,d a loud cry 16. a full week 17. b 18. borrowed a huge amount 19, displeasure 20. b 21(i) dismissal of the


19

maid servant (ii) moving into a garret (iii) Madame Loisel herself doing the tiresome household work as well as cooking 22. Ten years 23. a 24. a 25. Madame Forestier 26. Matilda, Jeanne 27. ten, Madame Loisel, Madame Forestier 28. a 29. Madame Loisel, Madame Forestier 30. Yes 31. She remembered that Madame Loisel had returned the borrowed necklace 32. Was not made of diamonds 33. her friend had suffered unnecessarily 34. imitation (artificial), five hundred, real diamonds, forty thousand. II.

1. You are pe~mitted (by me) to take it, if it has been liked (by you) more than everything else. 2. One and an acknowledged her the prettiest woman. 3. The next moment a shrill cry was uttered by her. 4. The borrowed necklace has be,en lost by me., 5. After a full week, they gave up, all hope. 6. We must replace the dIamond necklace. 7. In a shop in Palais Royal a necklace which was exactly like the lost one was found (by them). 8. You ought to have returned it sooner.

9. She and her husband embraced the horrors of poverty. 10. They dismissed the maid, gave up the flat, and moved into a garret. 11. They had to now do all the .............. kitchen. 12. At ............... years, all their ................ penny were paid off (by them). 13. There Madame Forestier was met by her. 14. She could not be recognized by her friend. 15. What was brought back to you (by me) was another one, exactly like the one that had been lent by you. III.

1. Her husband asked her what the matter was. She answered that it vexed her to think that she hadn't ............... wear. She should feel ............. pauper. Her husband told her that she was very silly, and suggested why she didn't ask her. .. ,., ............ .. lend her some .............. she agreed and said that, of course, it never occurred to

00:. 2. Madame Forestier addressed her in a friendly manner and putting ................ her permitted her to help herself. Holding a ................ hands, Madame Loisel ................ doubt whether she would lend her that. Madame Forestier asked why she should not and permitted her with a smile to take it if she had liked 11 ................ else. 3.

Her husband ................ undressed asked her the reason and what the matter was. She ............. and replied in a faltering voice that she had lost the borrowed necklace.

4.

She exclaimed with surprise addressed her poor dear friend by name and said that she had changed very much. Her friend agreed that it was so and said that she had been through ....................................... since she ~ her last, and asked her whether she remembered .............. " .......... , she lent her to wear. She replied that she remembered and wanted to know what lli!d happened. Her friend ~aid that she hllii lost it. She said that she did not understand. Her friend explained that what she brought her back was .............. one she had ............... years they had been ............. .

20

Language Work in English 5.

She asked whether she meant to say that she had bou~ht a ............... replace hers. Madame Loisel repHed that it was so. Madame Forestier ................. addressed her dear friend with sympathy and said that hers was ............... francs.

IV. A.

1. Is!was 2. Dio 3. Why 4. Can 5. Have 6. What 7. What 8. Can 9. Where 10. What 11. Did 12. Why 13. What 14. How 15. Was 16. Can! Can't 17. Am 18. How.

B.

1. How do you feel? 2. When did she visit her friend? 3. Whom did I visit the ............. morning? 4. Where did he enquire the next morning? 5. Who was acknowledged .............. woman? 6. Why couldn't he go there? 7. What did she do? 8. How long did the case go on? 9. How did she address her friend? 10. Where did she buy this?

C.

1. have I? 2. aren't you? 3. did it? 4. Wasn't it? 5. Hadn't she? 6. Couldn't they? 7. Was it? 8. Did it not? 9. Does it not? 10. Do I?

D.

(i)

When is the child's birthday? ............ why are you depressed? (ii) ............ what was it? Can you lend me a thousand rupees? ............ would it do? Can you make it two hundred .............. ?

V. 1.

depressed. 2. necklace of sparkling diamonds. 3. only after three days. 4. lost necklace. 5. went on. 6. ought to have. 7. into. 8. recognize. 9. imitation. 10. exactly like the one.

VI. 1.

but. 2. and. 3. and. 4. but. 5. and. 6. and. 7. but. 8. and.

VII. 1.

feel 2. have liked 3. was 4. looked 5. had helped 6. gave.

VIII. 1. (i) b (ii) e (iii) d (iv) g (v) a (vi) c (vii) f 2. (i) d (ii) f (iii) b (iv) a (v) c (vi) e 3. (i) d (ii) c (iii) g (iv) a (v) h (vi) e (vii) f (viii) b.


COMPREHENSION - 3 Read the following answer the questions that follow:

21 pa~sage

carefully and

As Henry left Charbtte, he said, "Charlotte, confine yourself to bed; pretend to be ill, and do not receive any person under any pretext whatsoever." (1) Charlotte, knowing that Henry had secrets which he revealed to no one, complied with all his directions. (2) That evening, she complained of a heaviness in the head, accompanied with faintness, these being the symptoms Henry had request~d her to feign. (3) The next morning she complained of general weakness and remained in bed. (4)

.

This indisposition was the first information that Catherine, the queen-mother, received when she inquired why Charlotte did not attend on her. (5) "She is ill:" said Madame De Lorraine. (6) "Ill" repeated Catherine, "a little indolent, perhaps?" (7) "No, Madam," replied the Princess, "she complains of a violent pain in the head, and a weakness." (8) Catherine made no reply; but, to conceal her joy, turned towards the window. (9) The instant Catherine was alone, she went to a cupbard, drewout a book, opened it; and after consulting its pages, exclaimed, "yes, it is so; headache, general weakness, pain in the eyes, swelling of the palate; as yet, they only mention headache and weakness; but the other symptoms will appear." (10) She read in a low tone; the fever lasts six hours, the general inflammation twelve hours,the gangrene twelve hours, the final agony six hours; in all thirty six hours. (11)

a

"Well, then, Let us suppose that absorption is slower process than swallowing; instead of thirty six hours we shall have forty, or perhaps fortyeight. But how is Henry able to keep up? Perhaps he drank something after he had kissed her, and wiped his lips after drinking." (12) Catherine impatiently awaited the dinner hour. Henry dined with the queen daily. When he came, he complained of giddiness in the head, and did not eat, but withdrew immediately. (13) Catherine listened to Henry'S retreating and staggering step, and desired someone to follow him, which was done, and the queen-mother was informed that Henry had gone towards Charlotte's apartment. (14) Henry had gone to request her to play her part. (15)

22

Language-Work.in English

Next day Henry did not quit his , chamber and Chatlottewas reported to be work. (16) Cather~ne awaited with expectation the moment when some attendant should enter her apartment and cry. (17) " "Your Majesty, Henry is dying, and Charlotte is dead." (18) The clock struck four, and Catherin'e was feeding with crumbs 'some rare birds. Although her features were calm, her heart beat vioIeiltlyat ,the least sound. (19) , Suddenly the door opened. (20) "Madame," said the guard. "Henry is.~ ............... " (21) . . "Ill?" Inquired Catherine suddenly. (22) Madam, .Thank God! His Highness .seems excelle:p.tly well!".(23) "No, '. . . "What, then, have you to say?" (24) "That Henry is here." (25) "What would he with me?" (26) "He brings your Majesty a monkey." (27) , 'And at this moment Henry ,e ntered, holding and caressing a small , monkey. (28) ~

, ' . , '

Henry smiled as he entered and Catherine grew very pale, indeed" " as he approached, glowing with health. (29) ThE! queen.;,mother was stupefied and complemented him in a troubled voice on his healthy appearance; (30) . ' "I was very unwell, Madam:e,"teplied H~nry; "bUt a specific'used in our mountains cured my indispositJ.'on." (31) ' "Ah, you will give me the prescription,~on:'t you, Henry?" ~aid Catherine"smHing. (32) , " "Som'e ~ou~ter-poison," she muttered herself, "Or" he wa~ on hi~ guard. (33) , ,-" ',',

' JAd:0ptec! from Margerite De Vato'i~ By Alexan'der Dumas} I '

i '

'I . ,' Answer the follo\\;'ing in a word, a phrase or , asentenc~; ea,c h, as,required: 1. Henry advised Charlotte to (i) ... . : ..: ...... . ... ~' (if) ... : .. '... ...... .. anp ; (iii) . ..... .... ... .... 2. Fei~ning illn,ess was' a 'pretext for.. .. . ;;: ...... :... ; . 3. Charlotte was not to allow anybody, t~ cOme ne'at her' for any reasbn .

Unit ~l (Comprehension)

23

(a) becaus'e she needed complete'rest. (b) to prevent possible detection of her pretext (c) to stress the severity of her illness. 4. It was Henry's nature not to disclose his secrets to anyone. (True/False)

5. Henry told Charlotte why she had to feign illness and confine herself to bed. (True/False) 6. Charlotte followed/did not follow the instructions given by Henry. 7. Charlotte said that she was suffering from (i) ............... . (ii) ................. .

8. Charlotte remained in bed the next morning complaining

of.. ~ .......... .

9. 'Queen Mother' means (a) Mother of the Queen. (b) Mother who

IS a queen.

(c) Queen who is a mother. 10. Catherine/Charlotte was the queen-mother. 11. ................ usually attended on the queen-mother.

12. The queen-mother came to know about Charlotte's illness from ............. , .. . 13. Madame De Lorraine was the name of the (a) queen-mother (b) queen , (c) ,princess. 14.

(i) The news that _Charlotte was ill was given to Catherine by .................. . (ii) Catherine (a) believed it (b) did not believe it (c) pretended that she could not believe'it. (iii) Catherine said'lhat the real reason for Catherine's absence was not. ............... , ... but was probably ................ .

15. Madame De Lorraine said thafChariotte was complaining of (i) ............ . and (ii) ................. . 16. Catherine was pleased/sorry to learn that Charlotte was ilL 17. (a) Catherine turned'towards the,window (a) to see what was happening outside. (b) to avoid others observing the joy on her face. (c) to hide her sorrow at the-news of Charlotte's illness. 18. The book Catherine referred'to was a book on (a) symptoms of different

~inds

of diseases.

(b) effects of different kinds of poisons. (c) medicines.


24

19. The symptoms described in this book .... , ........ with the description of Charlotte's illness. (a) did not tally (b) tallied (c) tallied partially.

20.

(i) The symptoms that had appeared, as described in the were ............. and ............ .

bo~k,

(ii) The symptoms that were yet to appear were .............. and ............. . (iii) Catherine ................ the other symptoms also would soon appear.

(a) was sure that (b) was afraid that (c) doubted whether. 21. It was stated in the book that the fever would ............... after six hours. (a) begin (b) end (c) increase.

22. The painful swelling would ............. after six hours. (a) begin (b) end (c) increase (d) would continue.

23. Decay of the flesh in the body would begin after. ............. hours. (a) six (b) twelve (c) eighteen (d) thirty. 24. The final pain of death would follow .............. .

25. Death would result after a total period of.. ............... hours. 26. Arrange the stages given below in proper sequence, and mention the period of action of each stage: Gangrene, fever, severe pain, inflammation. 27. Catherine was sure/not sure that death would occur after thirty six hours. 28. (i) Catherine thought that a margin of ......... or ............ .. hours should be given. (ii) The margin was to be allowed because the poison was ADMINISTERED/NOT ADMINISTERED orally. 29. A poison acts faster when it is given .............. than when it is made to be ................. ..

30. The absorption of the poison probably took place through the ................. .. 31. (i) Catherine was surprised because (a) the poison was acting slowly on Charlotte. (b) the poison was acting slowly on Henry. (c) the poison was not at all acting on Henry. (ii) She supposed that it was so because Henry ............... . (a) drank something else after drinking the poison. (b) kissed Charlotte and wiped his lips after drinking the poison. (c) kissed Charlotte, drank something after that, and wiped his lips.


32. The poison was expected to be transferred to Henry's ... '" ...... from Charlotte's ., ................. . 33. The poison was administered to Charlotte probably through (a) hair oil (b) face cream (c) lipstick. 34. Catherine awaited the dinner hour impatiently because (a) Henry dined with her daily. (b) She expected that the poison would have begun its action on him atleast by the time he came to dine. (c) She feared that Henry might not be able to dine with her that day. 35. Henry CAME/DID NOT COME to dine with her that day. 36. Henry DINEDIDID NOT DINE with her that day. 37. Henry said that he was feeling ............... . 38. Catherine was glad when she saw that what she expected had happened to Henry. (True/False) 39. Henry walked with unsteady steps, because (a) he was affected by poison. (b) he was feeling giddy. (c) he was feigning at death. 40. Catherine sent someone to follow Henry (a) to support him if he felt too giddy (b) to observe and inform her where he went (c) to find out whether he was really ill for feigning illness. 41. The person who followed Henry came back and told Catherine what she wanted to know. (Yes/No) 42. Henry went to advise Charlotte to stop feigning illness. (Yes/No) 43. The next day Catherine received two items of good news: (i) ............... . (ii) ............... .

44. The two items of good news that Catherine was eagerly waiting for were (i) ............... and (ii) " d

•••••••••••••••

45. Violent beat of heart at the least sound indicates a state of.. ............ '" 46. (i) When the guard came in, Catherine assumed that he had come to announce that. ............. . (i)

But the guard said that.. .............. .

47. Henry had brought a ........... : .... to give to Catherine. 48. Henry came into Catherine's room feigning ill healthlin perfect health. 49. Henry said that he got himself cured of his severe illness by ............... .


26

50. Catherine thought of two alternative reasons for Henry's not being affected by poison: (i) .............. (ii) .................. .

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. All his directions were complied with by Charlotte. 2. These were the symptoms she had been requested by Henry to feign. 3. This was the first information that the queen mother received. 4. A violent pain in the head was complained by her. 5. As yet, they only mention headache and weakness. 6. Perhaps something was drunk by him after she had been kissed. 7. The dinner hour was impatiently awaited by Catherine. 8. Someone was desired by her to follow him, which they did. 9.

Th~y

informed her that Henry went to Charlotte's apartment.

10. They reported Charlotte to be worse. 11. Some rare birds were being fed with crumbs by Catherine. 12. He brings your Majesty a monkey. 13. The queen-mother was stupefied by his healthy look. 14. A specific used in our mountains cured my indisposition.

III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1. Paragraph 1. 2. Conversation in paragraphs 7 and 8. 3. Conversation in paragraphs 21 to 27. 4. Conversation in paragraphs 31, 32 and 33.

IV. A. Fill the blanks in the following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs or question words, as required: 1.

.................. was Charlotte required to do? 2 .................. did Charlotte comply with Henry's directions? 3 ................ did she complain of? 4 . ................ were the symptoms of the disease? 5 ............... these the symptoms of the disease? 6 ............. she ill? 7 ................. long did the fever last? 8 ............. did she go later? 9 ................. headache a symptom of fever? 10 ............... he drink anything before going out? 11. ............... she not eat anything yesterday? 12 .............. did you expect from me? 13 . ...... ...... ... has he to say? 14 .............. she anything to say? 15 . ............... were you cured?

B. Frame questions so as to get the italicized words in answer: 1. THAT EVENING she complained of heaviness in the head. 2. She complained of MUSCULAR PAINS. 3. She went to HER ROOM.


27

4. She read IN A LOW TONE.

5. ABSORPTION is a slower process. 6. He dral)k something AFTER HE KISSED HER.

7. He WIPED HIS LIPS after drinking. 8. THE QUEEN-MOTHER was waiting.

9. Catherine was FEEDING BIRDS. 10. Her heart beat VIOLENTLY.

C. Add suitable question-tags to the following statements: 1. Henry had his own secrets, ............... ? 2. These are the main symptoms of the disease, ................ ?

3. She complained of general weakness, ................. ? 4. She is iII, ................ ? 5. Yes, it is so, ............... ?

6. The other symptoms will soon appear, ................ ? 7. He drank something, ............... ?

8. He did not eat, ................. ? 9. He had gone there, .................. ? 10. He refused to quit, ............... ? 11. Charlotte was feeling worse, ............ ? 12. He seems to be iII, ............. ?

13. I was also unwell, ................ ? 14. You will give me your notes, ................. ?

15. He was not on his guard, ................ ?

D. In the following conversations, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: 1.

He: ............. ? I: I am complaining of a violent pain in the head. He: .......... ? I: I am having it since yesterday evening. He: ............. ? I: No, I had never before got such pain.

2.

Doctor: ............. ? Patient's father: Your patient seems to be improving; .................. ? Doctor: Yes, I must give another injection, ............ ? Patient's father: Yesterday he was complaining of thirst. Today he is not.

28


V. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. . ........... (When, While, As) he went out, he said to me, "close the door and bolt it. Don't open it ............... (for, to, at) strangers '" .......... . (in, on, with) any account. 2. The fever .............. '" (continues, ends, lasts) six hours. 3. How are you able to .................. (keep on, keeping, keep up, keep it) such good health? 4. He is complaining ............ ,. (of, about, from, for) giddiness. 5. You must always be ............... (in, on, at) your guard. 6. Filtration is a ............... (slow, slower, slowest) process than decantation. 7. The guest smiled as he .............. (was entering, entered, had entered). 8. The medicine ............. (cured me of, cured of me, cured of my) all sorts of pains. 9. I was expecting the return of the ............... (attendant, attendent, atendant, attendant). 10. She was glowing .................... (in, of, with, from) health.

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words from the list given below: (and, but, on) 1. Pretend to be tired ............... remain in your bed.

2. I am having pain in the head ............. terrible weakness. 3. He did not reply; ... '" ....... felt an inward joy. 4. He drank something, ............ wiped his lips. 5. He ate, .............. not much. 6. He smiled, ............. She grew pale. 7. I was very angry, .............. he made me laugh by his jokes. 8. He went very late, .............. I did n't go at all.

VII. Fill in the blanks in each of the following with the appropriate form of the verb in brackets. Where there are two blanks, fill the first one with an appropriate auxiliary verb: 1. This was the first information she ............... (receive).

2. She .......... (get) the reply when she inquired why her sister .... ; .... not ............. (come). 3. I went to the almirah, ........... (open) it, and ............. (take) out a box. 4. We agreed that it .............. (be) better to go ,in person. 5. When she came, she ............ (complain) of headache.


29

6. The officer ........... . ... ...... . ..... (inform) that his assistants were .... ........... (plan) something dangerous.

7. The clock struck four when

r. ........ ; .. ;........... (get) myself ready to

go. 8. I . ..... . ..... (grow) angry as he spoke nonsense.

VIII.

Match the words in the list A with their meanings in list B:

1.

(i) (i i) (i i i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

A confine pretend reveal comply conceal wipe repreat

(a) move away (b) limit (c) hide (d) consent (e) rub gently (f) make believe, feign (g) disclose.

2.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

stagger quit caress stupefy indolent violent

(a) leave (b) stun (c) lazy (d) walk unsteadily (e) strong, acute (f) embrace and kiss, fondle.

3.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

symptom pretext direction faintness indisposition instant cupboard palate

(a) excuse, pretence (b) almirah (c) sign (d) upper part of the mouth (e) moment (f) we·akness (g) slight illness , .. (h). instruction

4.

(i) (i i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

inflammation gangrene agony chamber crumb specific cou'nter-poison

(a) room (b) medicine (c) antidote to poison (d) decay of living f1es'h (e) small piece of bread (f) extreme pain (g) painful swelling .

J.

B

(i) confine herself to bed. (ii) pretend illness. (iii) not to allow anybody into her room. 2. not going out. 3. b 4. True. 5. False . 6. Followed . 7 (i) heaviness in the head. (ii) faintness . 8. General weakness. 9. a 10. Catherine. I J. Charlotte. 12. Madame De Loraine. 13. Princess. 14. (i) the princess (ii) a (iii) illness, laziness. IS. (i)


30

acute headache. (ii) weakness. 16. pleased. 17. (i) b (ii) happy . 18. b 19. b 20. (i) headache, weakness. (ii) pain in the eyes, swelling of the palate. (iii) a 21 . end . 22. continue. 23 . c 24. gangrene 25 . thirty six . 26. fever, severe pain. inflammation, gangrene. 27 . not sure. 28. (i) four, twelve. (ii) not administered. 29. orally, absorbed. 30. skin (on the lips). 31. (i) c (ii) c 32. lips, lips 33. c 34. b. 35 . came. 36. did not dine. 37. giddy 38. True 39. c. 40. b. 41. yes 42 . No 43 . (i) Henry was ill (ii) Charlotte's condition was Worse. 44. (i) Henry was dying. (ii) Charlotte was dead. 45. tension . 46: (i) He!lry was ill. (ii) Henry was excellently well. 47 . Monkey 48 . in perfect health . 49 . some native medicine. 50. (i) he had taken some antidote to poi son. (ii) he was careful not to touch the poison. II.

I . Charlotte complied with all his directions. 2. Henry had requested her to feign these symptoms. 3. This .. .......... information that was received by the queen-mother. . 4. She complained a violent .. .. .. .... .. .. head. 5. As yet, only headache and weakness are mentioned by them. 6. Perhaps he drank something after he had kissed her. 7. Catherine impatiently awaited the dinner hour. 8. She desired someone to follow him, which was done by them . 9. She was informed by them that ...... .. ........ apartment. 10. It was reported by them that .. . .... ... . .. .. worse. II . Catherine was feeding some rare birds with crumbs. 12. A monkey is brought by him for your Majesty . 13 . His healthy look stupefied the queen"mother. 14. My indisposition was cured by a specific we use in our mountains.

III .

I.. ... .. .... .. . he ADVISED CHARLOTTE TO CONFINE HERSELF to bed, TO PRETEND ............ ill, and NOT TO RECEIVE .. ..... .... whatsoever. 2. Madame Lorraine said THAT SHE WAS ill. Catherine REPEATED THE WORD ILL SARCASTICALLY and asked WHETHER, perhaps, SHE WAS a little indolent. The princess REPLIED THAT IT WAS NOT- SO, AND INFORMED THAT SHE COMPLAINED OF .......... .. . Weakness. 3. The guard ADDRESSED HER (as Madame) AND BEGAN SAYING THAT Henry WAS ............... Catherine suddenly INQUIRED WHETHER HE WAS ILL. HE REPLIED THAT IT WAS NOT SO, AND THANKED GOD, AND SAID THAT HIS HIGHNESS SEEMED ................ She ASKED WHAT, THEN, HE HAD to say, HE REPLIED THAT Henry WAS THERE. She ASKED WHAT HE WOULD WITH her. He REPLIED THAT he BROUGHT HER Majesty a monkey . 4.

ADDRESSING HER. Henry REPLIED THAT HE WAS very unwell but a .. . ... ....... . their mountains CURED his .... ...... .. .. .. SHE EXCLAIMED WITH SURPRISE, and SMILINGLY DESIRED THAT HE WOULD GIVE HER the prescription , and ASKED HIM WHETHER HE WOULDN'T. She muttered to herself THAT HE HAD TAKEN some counterpoisoll. or he HAD BEEN on his guard.

IV. A.

I. What 2. Why 3. What 4. What 5. Were 6. Was 7. How 8. Why 9. Is 10. Did (Does) II. Did 12. What 13 . What 14. Has (Had) 15. How .

B.

I. When did she complain of.. .. .... .. .... .. . ? . 2. What did she complain of?


31

3. Where did she go? 4. How did she read? 5. Which is a slower process? 6. When did he drink something? 7. What did he do after drinking? 8. Who was waiting? 9. What was Catherine domg? 10. How did her heart beat? C.

1. Had he not? 2. are these not? 3. did she not? 4. is she not? 5. Is it not? 6. will they not? 7. did he not? 8. did he? 9. had he not? 10. did he not? 11. was she not? 12. does he not? 13. weren't I? 14. will you not? 15. was he?

D.

1. What are you complaining of? ............... Since when are you having it? .............. Had you ever before got such pam? 2. How is my patient? ................ Do you give him another injection? ............ . Was he complaining of thirst yesterday?

V. 1. As, to, on. 2. Lasts. 3. Keep up (keep in). 4. Of."5. On. 6. slower. 7. entered. 8. cured me of. 9. attendant. 10. with. VI. 1. and 2. and 3. but 4. and 5, but 6. and 7. but 8. or. VII. 1. received 2. got, had .................. come 3. opened .. took 4. is 5. complained 6. informed, planning 7. got 8. grew. VIlLI.

(i) b (ii) f (iii) g (iv) d (v) c (VI) e (vii) a

2.

(I) d (ii) a (iii) f (iv) b (v) c (vi) e.

3.

(i) c (ii) a (iii) h (IV) f (v) g (vi) e (vii) b (viii) d

5.

(i) g (ii) d (iii) f (iv) a (v) e (vi) b (vii) c.

32


COMPREHENSION 4: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follows: Norman Gortsby sat on a bench in the park. On the same bench, by his side, sat an elderly gentleman. As that person rose to go, his place was almost immediately taken by an young man. The new comer unburdened himself of an angry and very audible expletive as he flung himself into the seat. (1) ''You don't seem to be in a very good temper." Said Gortsby. (2) "You would n't be in a good temper if you were in the fix I'm in," he said. 'I've done the silliest thing I've ever done in my life.' (3) "Yes?" said Gortsby dispassionately. (4) "Came up this afternoon meaning to stay at the Petagonian Hotel in Berkshire Square." Continued the young man. "When I got there, I found that it had been pulled down some time ago. The taxi driver recommended me to another hotel some way off, and I went there. Then I went out to buy a soap I'd forgotten to pack any. I strolled about a bit and when I came to turn my steps back to the hotel, I suddenly realized that I didn't remember its name or even what street it was in. There's a nice predicament for a fellow who has n't any friends or connections in London! And here I'm wandering about with two pence in my pocket and nowhere to go for the night." (5) There was an eloquent pause. (6) "I suppose you think I've spun you rather an impossible yarn." said the young man bitterly. (7) "Not at all impossible." Said Gortsby judicially, "I remember doing exactly the same thing once in a foreign capital." (8) The youth brightened at the reminiscence, "I'm glad, anyhow, that you don't think the story outrageously impossible." (9) "Of course," said Gortsby slowly, "the weak point of your story is that you can't produce the soap." (10) The young man sat forward hurriedly, "felt rapidly in the pockets of his overcoat, and then jumped to his feet." (11) "I must have lost it," he muttered angrily. (12) "To lose a hotel and a cake of soap on one afternoon suggests willful carelessness." Said Gortsby, but the young man scarcely waited to hear the end of the remark. (13) Gortsby also rose to go; as he did so an exclamation of concern escaped him. Lying on the ground by the side of the bench was a small oval packet. (14) In another moment Gortsby was scudding along in anxious quest for the youthful figure. He had nearly given up the search when he caught sight of the object of his pursuit standing irresolutely. (15)


33

He turned round sharply with an air of defensive hostility when he found Gortsby hailing him. (16) "The important witness to the genuineness of your story has turned up." Said Gortsby, holding out the cake of soap. "If the loan of a sovereign is any good to you." (17) The young man hastily removed all doubt on the subject by pocketing the coin. (18) "Here is my card with my address" continued Gortsby. "Anyday this week will do for returning the money." (19). As Gortsby retraced his steps past the seat where the little drama had taken place, he saw an elderly gentlemanpearing beneath it and recognized his earlier fellow occupant. (20) "Have you lost anything, Sir?" he asked . (21) "Yes, Sir, a cake of soap!" (22) [Adopted from Dusk By (Saki' (H.H.Munro)]

I.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each, as required:

A.

1.

An .. .. .. . . . ...... sat beside Norman Gortsby on a ........... in a ............ . In ... . ....... . .

2.

(i) . .. .... .... occupied the seat as soon as .. . ...... . ........ vacated it. (ii) He was in . ... ...... ....... mood .

3.

Gortsby Noticed/Did not Notice that the new comer was not in the right mood.

4.

The new comer showed his displeasure by (i) the way he sat on the bench. (T/F) (ii) a loud oath he uttered. (T/F) (iii) the manner in which he greated Gortsby. (T/F) (iv) the dress he was wearing. (T/F)

5. The new comer agreed/did not agree that he was in a bad temper. 6. The new comer said that (a) he was tired. (b) He was a silly fellow. (c) He was in a very strange situation.


34

7-. A person who. is in a fix can nDt be in . .............. . 8. 'Yes?' means: (a) ShalI I agree "ith whatYDu say? (b) Why should I agr~e with what YDU say? (c) Is it

SD?

9. (i) When the yDung man arrived in the city, he had programmed to. lodge at ..... . ... .. . . (ii) But he did nDt/could nDt do. so. , because . ... ..... . ... .. . 10. He went to some other hotel (a) which seemed to be good. (b) which he knew to. be equalIy gDDd. (c) which the taxi-driver said was gDDd. 11. He went DUt

Df

the hDtel

(a) to. strolI about a bit. (b) to. buy a soap. (c) in search

Df

a better one.

12. When he wanted to. go. back to the hotel , he realized that (i) ..... . . ....... , and (ii) . .. .. .. ... . . . 13. The young man was in a nice predicament. (TIF) 14. The follDwing factDrs made his situatiDn extremely unpleasant; (i) . .. . .. ....... (ii) ... ...... .... (iii) ..... .. ..... . .. (iv) .. .... .. . ..... . 15. 'ElDquent Pause' · means . (a) speaking elDquently withDut stDP (b) speaking elDquently after remaining silent

fDr

a while

(c) silence which is equal to eloquent speech. 16. (i) After listening to the yDung man's explanatiDn Gortsby .. . .. . ... .. .. .

Df

his predicament,

(ii) That gave the man . ... . .. .. ..... . 17. (i) The yDung man thDUght that GDrtsby cDnsidered what he had said . ............ . (ii) His guess was cDrrect/wrong. 18. (i) Gortsby cDnfessed tnat .. ... . ..... . .. . (ii) That recDlIectiDn made the young man .... .

q

•• • • • • ••••

19. (i) GDrtsby did nDt think (hat the stDry tDld by the young man was true. (Yes/No.) (ii) GDrtsby had fDund a defect in the young man's stDry. (Yes/No.) 20. A 'weak point' in a story is that part Df the stDry which makes it .. . . . . .... . . .


35

21. The weak point in the young man's story was .............. . 22. When the weak point was pointed out, the young man became ............ . 23. The young man defended his story by saying that .................. . 24.

(i) Gortsby did not accept the young man's explanation. (TIP)

(ii) He did so because ................ . 25. The young man showed his displeasure towards Gortsby by .............. . 26.

(i) Gortsby felt 'sorry for offending the young man when he saw ........... . (ii) Therefore he at once started running ............. . (iii) The young man's reaction calling him was one of ............ .

when

he

found

Gortsby

27. 'Defensive hostility' means (a) behaving in an unfriendly manner to cover up something. (b) defending oneself against the hostile advance of an enemy. (c) behaving in an unfriendly manner while defending one-self. 28. Gortsby described the cake of soap as ................. . 29. Gortsby offered a sovereign to the young man as (a) a gift (b) a loan (c) a compensation. 30. The young man removed all doubt on the subject. The subject was (a) whether his story was true or false (b) whether he would accept the loan or not (c) whether he was still angry with Gortsby or not. 31. The young man hastily pocketed the sovereign, because (a) he was badly in need of money (b) he was a cheater (c) he was in a hurry to go back to his hotel room. 32. Gortsby gave the young man his address so that ................ ,. 33. Gortsby expected that the young man would return the money within 34. Gortsby passed beside ........... on his way back after meeting the young man. 35. (i) Gortsby found ............. searching for something beneath the seat. (ii) He was searching fat' ............... which he had lost. 36. We understand that the youngman was a rogue (a) only at the end of the story. (b) when we are told that he pocketed the sovereign hastily (c) when Gortsby points out the weak point in his story.

36


37. Gortsby understood that the young man was a rogue when (a) he noticed his bad temper (b) he found the wt.'lk points in his story (c) he pocketed the sovereign hastily (d) none of the above. 38.

(i) Gortsby was an inteIIigent man. (Yes/No)

(ii) The young man was really in a bad temper. (Yes/No) (iii) Gortsby doubted the young man from the beginning. (Yes/No) (iv) It is not unnatural to forget packing a soap with our things. (Yes/No) (v) Nobody fails to notice the name and locality of a hotel where he takes up lodging. (Yes/No) (vi) The young man was not able to fool Gortsby. (Yes/No) (vii) The cake of soap found beneath the seat misled Gortsby to think that the young man's story was true. (Yes/No) (viii)The young man had dropped the cake of soap beneath the seat. (Yes/No) (ix) The young man was surprised when Gortsby brought him a cake of soap. (Yes/No) (x) Gortsby lent a sovereign to the young man without hoping that he would return it. (Yes/No) (xi) Gortsby was not surprised when the young man hastily-pocketed the sovereign. (Yes/No) (xii) The young man hastily pocketed the coin, because he had not expected such luck. (Yes/No) II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1.

The seat was occupied almost immediately by an young man.

2.

I've done the silliest thing in my life.

3.

I had been pulled down some time ago.

4.

I had forgotten to pack a cake of soap with my things.

5.

You think I've spun you a rather impossible yarn.

6.

It must have been lost by me.

7.

The search had been nearly given up by him when the object of his pursuit was caught sight of.

8. He recognized his earlier fellow occupant of the seat. 9. Has anything been lost by you, Sir? 10. Yes, Sir, I've lost a cake of soap.

Unil-l (Comprehension)

37

III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1. Conversation in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. 2. Paragraph 5. 3. Conversation in paragraph 7 to 10. 4. Paragraphs 12 and 13. 5. Conversation in paragraphs 17,18, 19. 6. Paragraphs 21 and 22.

IV. A. Fill in the blanks in the following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs, or question words, as required: 1. ...................... did Gortsby sit? 2 ...... , ................ sat by his side? 3....... '" ............. happened when he got up to go? 4. . .................... he seem to be in a bad temper? 5 ...................... he in a good temper? 6. . .................... had he done? 7. . .................... he done a silly thing? 8...................... recommended him to another hotel? 9 ...................... did he come out? 10 ...................... had he forgotten? 11. ..................... it impossible to believe? 12. . .................... he glad to hear that? 13 ...................... he produce the soap? 14. . .................... he wait till the end? 15. . .................... did Gortsby find him? 16 ...................... was the elderly man doing? 17. . .................... you lost anything, Sir? 18. . .................... you want anything? 19 ...................... it a cake of soap? 20 ...................... he recognize you?

B. Frame questions so as to get the italicized words as. answers: 1. Gortsby sat on a bench in a park. 2. A youngman took his place.

3. He came this afternoon. 4. The other hotel was some way off 5. I went out to buy a soap.


38 6. He had only two pence in his pocket. 7. Her story is improbable. S. It suggests carelessness. 9. The young man hastily pocketed the coin.

10. No, I have not lost anything. 11. Yes, I have lost something.

12. I am looking for my purse. C. Add suitable question tags to the following: 1. I was sitting on this bench, ................. ? 2. He seemed to be an elderly person, ....._........ ? 3. The young man was in a bad temper, '" ............. ? 4. I've not done anything wrong, .................. ? 5. The other hotel is nearby, ................. ? 6. It is not far off, ................. ? 7. You have forgotton, .................. ? 8. It is not impossible, ............... ? 9. You do not think it improbable, .. , ........... ? 10. You can't produce the soap, ................ ? 11. It was a small packet, ................ ? 12. He hasn't any friends here, ................ ? 13. He has done the exact opposite, .................. ? 14. I have not dropped it here, ........: ........ ? 15. He turned round sharply, ............... ?

D. In the following conversations, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: (i) I: .............. ?

He: I arrived this morning. I: ..... , ........ ? He: I am staying in a hotel.

I: ............. . Re: I don't know where it is. I don't notice the name of the street. I: ............. . He: I don't know the name of the hotel also. (ii) Young man: ......... '.' .... ? Gortsby: I don't think your story is impossible. In fact, I had done a similar thing once.


39

Young man: ................ ? Gortsby: Yes, But, ................. ? Young man: (feeling his pocket) Oh God! What has happened to the soap? Gortsby: '" ............ ? Young man: Yes; I bought it just now, only a few minutes back, ................ ? Gortsby: Now, this is rather unbelievable.

V. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. He is ............... (with, within, in) a fix. 2. "You seem to be in a bad temper." Gortsby .............. (said, told, told to) the young man. 3. After about an hour, he ................. (has gone out, had gone out, went out) to meet somebody. 4. He stroIIed ............ (with, about, on) for some time in the streets of the city. 5. He also ............. (rise, rose, risen) to go. 6. I .......... '" (give up, gave up, have given up) the idea now. 7. She went to the place where the little drama ............ (take place, takes place, took place) the previous evening. 8. " ............... (has, have, had) you lost anything?" I asked the man who ............. (was peering, peered, had peered) beneath the bench. 9. It had been puIIed down.sometime .............. (ago, previous, backward). 10. I didn't remember ........... (where, what, which) street is in.

VI. Fill in the blanks low:

ch..osing the appropriate words from the list given be-

[When, of course, with, where, that, atleast, neither ............ nor, who, but, on, and]

1. He let out a sad ............... deep sign. 2 ... : .......... I reached the place, I found .................... was deserted 3. He advised me, ................. I went there. 4. I suddenly found ............... the door had .............. lock ........ ·....... .. pad lock. 5. He does n't ............. know my name ............. address. 6. I am an young man .............. has ............. friends ................. relatives in this part of the country. 7. He had no money ............... nowhere to go.


40

8. I am glad ............ by your arrival

9. He is poor .................. happy. 10. We are, ............ , a third neutral party. 11. I was speaking, ............ he was not listening.

12. He had lost almost everything, ............. Dame Luck smiled on him. 13. I gave him a card ........... my address. 14. I went to Jhe church ............ they were married ............. sat there for sometime.

15. She saw me ............. recognized me at once, .............. I could not recognize her. VII.FiII in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. When there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbIs: 1. As I vacated my seat, it ............ immediately .............. (occupy) by a

lady. 2. She exclaimed angrily as she .............. (walk) out. 3. You wouldn't be grinning if you ................ (be) in the situation I .............. (be) in. 4. He ........ . ................ (come) across.

(write) the best answer I have ever

5. I saw that it ............................................... (adjust) perfectly. 6. When I ............ (turn) my steps back to the camp, I found that it ...................................... (evacuate), and I ................ not ................... : .......... (inform) of it. 7. The defect in the judgement .............. (be) that you cannot .............. . (give) any precedence for such a decision. 8. In fact, he is glad that you ................ not .............. (support) his enemy. 9. I had almost ............. (give) up hope when he ............... (bring) the good news.

10. He advised me to go to a lodge which ............... (be) on the other side of the road. VIII. Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B:

A I.

(i) expensive (ii) temper (iii) fix (iv) connection (v) yarn (vi) outrage (vii) predicament

B (a) situation (b) dilemma, difficult situation (c) oath (d) insult, injurious, violence (e) unpleasant situation (f) story (g) mood, state of mind.


J.

II.

II.


pause remark concern quest pursuit hostility genuineness eloquence

III.

(i) .scarcely (ii) oval . (iii) irresolute (iv) bitter (v) judicial (vi) wilful

41

interest fluent powerful speech enmity truth stop (f) search (g) comment (h) chase. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

obstinate, purposeful unpleasant egg shaped impartial undecided (f) hardly, not at all.

I. Aged person, bench, park , London. 2. (i) A young man, the old man. (i) an angry (ii) noticed. 4 (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) F. 5. agreed. 5. c 7. a good mood. 8. c 9 (i) the Petagonian Hotel (ii) could not, it had been demolished. 10. c 11. b 12 (i) he did not remember the name of the hotel. (ii) he did not remember the name of the street it was in. 13. F 14 (i) he had no friends in London. (ii) he ............ relatives .............. . (iii) he had only two pence in his pocket. (iv) he had nowhere to go for the night. 15. c 16 (i) said that what the young man said was not impossible. (ii) courage (confidence). 17 (i) true (ii) wrong. 18 (i) he too was in a similar situation once. (ii) glad. 19 (i) No (ii) yes . 20. unbelievable. 21. he could not show the soap which he said he had bought a few minutes back. 22. angry. 23. he had lost the soap. 24 (i) T (ii) the young man's series of forgetfulness and loss was unbelievable. 25. suddenly going away 26 (i) a cake of soap lying on the ground beside the bench. (ii) in search of the young man. (iii) defensive hostility. 27. a 28. the important witness to the genuineness of his story. 29. b 30. b. 31. b 32. he could honourably return the loan . 33. a week 34. the park 35 (i) the old man. (ii) a cake of soap . 36. a 37. d 38(i) yes (ii) No (iii) yes (iv) yes (v) no (vi) yes (vii) yes (viii) no (ix) yes (x) no (xi) yes (xii) yes. 1. An young man occupied the seat almost immediately. 2. The silliest thing in my life has been done by me. 3. They had pulled it down some .. . .. .... .. . 4. To pack (or, packing) a cake .. . .. . ... ... . things had been forgotten by me. 5. It is thought (by you) that an impossible yarn has been spun for you by me. 6.

I must have lost it .. . .. .... .. .

7. He had nearly given up the search when he caught sight of the object of this pursuit. 8. His earlier fellow - occupant of the seat was recognized by him. 9. Have you lost anything, Sir? 10.

Yes, Sir, a cake of soap has been lost by me.

42


III.

1. Gortsby remarked that he didn't seem to be in ................ . He replied that he wouldn't be .. ...... fix he was in. He had done ............. he had ever done in his life. Gortsby asked dispassionately whether (if) it was so. 2. The young man continued that he came up that .... .. .......... S square. When he got there he found that ................ ago. The taxi .............. . him to another ............ .. another ................ And he went there. Then he went ...... .. .. ... He had ................. any. He strolled .............. when he came to turn his ............. , he suddenly ................ He didn't ................. in . There was a nice .... .. ......... who hadn't ............. And there he was wandering ................ In his pocket .. .. .......... . night. 3. The young man said bitterly that he supposed he thought he had spun him ........ .. yarn. Gortsby replied that it was not ... . .. ............ He remembered doing ....... . .. . . capital. The youth .. .. .. ............ reminiscence and said that he was glad, anyhow, that he didn't think ...... .. .. .. ... improbable. Gortsby said slowly that, of course, the weak .... .. .......... of his story was he couldn't ............... soap. 4. He muttered angrily that he must have lost it. Gortsby remarked that to lose ...... . ...... . . afternoon suggested wilful carelessness. 5. Holding ............. soap, Gortsby said that the important ............... of his story had turned up. If the .... .......... .. Was .............. to him. The young ...... ...... . coin. Gortsby continued that there was his card with his address. Anyday that week would do for ................ money. 6. He asked the gentleman whether he had lost anything. He replied in the affirmative and said that he had lost a cake of soap.

IV. A.

1. Where 2. Who 3. What 4. Did 5. Was 6. What 7. Had 8. Who 9. Why 10. What 11. Was 12. Was 13. Did (could) 14. Does (Did) 15 . Where 16. What 17. Have 18. Do 19. Is (Was) 20. Does (Did, Can, Could, Will).

B.

Where did Gortsby sit? 2. Who took his place? 3. When did he come? 4. Where was the other hotel? 5. Why did you go out? 6. What (How much money) did he have in his pocket? 7. How is her story? 8. What does it suggest? 9. What did the young man do with the cotn? 10. Have you lost anything? 11. Haven't you lost something? 12. What are you looking for?

C.

I. Weren't I? 2. didn't he? 3. Was n't he? 4. have I? 5. isn't it? 6. is it? 7. haven't you? 8. is it? 9. do you? 10. can you? II. wasn't it? 12. has he? 13. hasn't he? 14. have I? 15. did n't he?

D.

(i) When did you arrive? ............. Where are you staying? ................ Where is it? .............. Atleast, do you know the name of the hotel? (ii) Do you think my story to be impossible? ............ Is it? But, can you show me the soap? ............ .. Did you not buy it just now? .............. But what has happened to it? (Where have I lost/dropped it? Etc.)

V. 1. in 2. told 3. went out 4. about 5. rose 6. have given up 7. took place 8. have .......... .. was peering 9. ago 10. what (which) VI. 1. and 2. when, that 3. and 4. that, or 5. or 6. who neither ........ , nor 7. and 8. at last 9. but 10. of course 11. but 12. when 13 . with 14. where, and 15. and, but. VII. I. was ............... occupied 2. walked 3. were, am 4. has written, come 5. had been adjusted 6. turned, had been evacuated, had not been informed. 7 is, give 8. are .... ........ .. supporting 9. given, brought 10. was. VIII. 1. (i) c (ii) g (iii) b (iv) a (v) f (vi) d (vii) c . 2. (i) e (ii) g (iii) a (iv) f (v) h (vi) c (vii) d (viii) b 3. (i) f (ii) c (iii) e (iv) b (v) d (vi) a

Unit -I (Comprehension)

43

COMPREHENSION - 5:Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Her name was Rose . (1) She was a treasure, a gem, a paragon. She was a genius as a hairdresser; she arranged lace on het better than the best millinler; and she could even design new fashions in dresses I was amazed at her skill, I had never had such a maid. (2) She dressed me quickly, with a remarkable lightness of touch. I dislike nothing so much as the feel of a maid's hands; but I never felt her fingers on my skin. It was indeed a joy to be dressed, from my chemise to my gloves, by this tall, shy girl who never spoke . After my bath she rubbed and massaged me, while I dozed on my sofa. I regarded her more as a humble friend than as a servant. (3) Well, one morning, my hall porter came in, and stammered: (4) "Madame, the Police Inspector is downstairs." (5) "What does he want?" I asked sharply. (6) "He wants to search the house.".(7) "Why does he want to search my house? What is he after? He can't come in." (8) "He asserts that there is a criminal hiding here." (9) Now I was a bit frightened and told him to show the inspector in. (10) The inspector was quite a gentleman. He begged my pardon; and told me that I had a convict among my domestics . (11) I replied that I could answer for all my servants, and went through the list. (12) He agreed that none of them was the person he wanted . (13) "So, Sir, you see that there must be some mistake." I said triumphantly. (14) "Excuse me, Madame, but I'm quite sure there is no mistake. As the man in question is a desperate character, would you be so kind as to parade your whole staff in front of yourself and me?" (15) I refused at first, then gave way, and sent for all my servants to come up, men and women. (16) The inspector just glanced at them and said: (17) "These are not all." (18) "Excuse me, Sir, the only remaining one is my own maid, a girl you would n't mistake for a convict. (19) "May I see her too?" he persisted . (20)

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"Certainly." (21) 1 rang for Rose who immediately appeared. (22) Hardly had she entered the room, when, on a sign from the inspector, two men concealed behind a door, seized her arms and slipped on the handcuffs. (23) 1 uttered a cry of anger. (24) . The inspector explained: (25) "This girl, Madame, is a man called Jean Nicolas Lecapet, who was condemned to death in 1879 for murder following rape. His sentence was commuted to penal servitude for life. He escaped four months ago. We have been looking for him ever since." (26) 1 was flabbergasted. (27) The inspector went on with a smile: (28) ' "I need you only to give one proof. His right arm is tattooed." (29) His sleeve was pulled up. It was true. (30) The policeman added rather unnecessarily: (31) "You can take our word for the other proofs of his sex." (32) And they took my maid away. (33) The feeling uppermost in my mind wasn't anger at having been taken in like this, deceived and made to look ridiculous. It wasn't shame at having been dressed and undressed, handled and touched by this MAN .. ............. but .. ............... a deep sense of humiliation as a woman ............. 1 thought of the woman he had raped, and it was that which humiliated me. (34). [Condensed from Rose By Guy De MaupassantJ

I.

Answer each of the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence as required: 1. The 'I' in the passage is A Man/Woman.

2. The 'She ' in the passage was a ............. .. 3. The mistress appreciates her maid servant and calls her a ..... .. ...... . and ........ .. .. 4. The name of the maid servant was .. ... . ...... .. 5. Rose was a genius in .. .. .. .. ...... .. . 6. She was better than the best ............ ..

Unit -J (Comprehension)

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7. She was able to make dresses in .............. . 8. (i) The mistress very much disliked being .............. by her maids while being ............ . (iii) But she liked being dressed by Rose, because ................ . 9. Description of Rose: (i) Stature: '" ...... '" ..... (ii) Nature: ... '" ....... . 10. After having her bath, the mistressed dozed on the sofa while ........... . 11. The mistress looked upon Rose not as a ................ but as a ........... . 12. The police inspector had come to ............ . 13. (i) The mistress was informed of the Police Inspector's coming by ......... . (ii) At first she was not willing to .......... . 14. The mistress became frightened when she learnt that ........... . 15. The inspector asserted that there was ........... among her servants. 16. "I can answer for all my servants" means (a) my servants can not answer your questions; only I can answer them. (b) I can give you all the particulars about them. (c) I have complete faith in my servants. 17. The inspe.ctor/The mistress went through the list of servants. 18. (i) The inspector agreed that ............... . (ii) But he was still quite sure that ............... . 19. The man he was in search of was '" .... , ........ person. 20. (i) The inspector requested the mistress of the house to ....... . (ii) She consented immediately. (Yes/No) 21. The mistress sent for all servants to come before the inspector. (Yes/No) 22. The inspector examined each of them thoroughly. (Yes/No) 23. After seeing the servants, the inspector said: (a) None of these is the person I want. (b) You have not shown me all your servants. (c) I want to examine these in greater detail. 24. The inspector's guess was right. (Yes/No) 25. (i) The mistress had not included Rose among the servants called before the inspector. (Yes/No) (ii) She did so because (a) Rose was her own maid. (b) A 'Lady's Maid' is not a servant. (c) She was sure that Rose was not an escaped convict.

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26. The mistress called Rose only when ................ . 27. Arrange the following in proper sequence: (i) The mistress shouted angrily. (ii) Rose entered the room. (iii) The . inspector told the history of Rose. (iv) Two constables stood hidden behind a door. (v) Rose was arrested. (vi) The inspector made a sign. (vii) The inspector recognized immediately who she really was. 28. Rose was a man called ............... He was given the death sentence for committing ............ and .............. . 29. The death sentence was later increasedldecreased to .............. .

30. The ............... of the criminal was tattooed. The inspector showed it as a .................... that he was the required criminal. 31. The inspector promised to show the proofs of his sex also. (Yes/No) 32. The feeling uppermost in the mind of the mistress after the arrest of Rose, was (i) anger at being deceived. (TIP) (ii) shame at being dressed and undressed daily by a man. (TIP) (iii) humiliation at the thought of the woman raped by the man. (TIP).

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following: 1. She arranged lace on hats better than the best milliners. 2. Even new fashions in dresses could be designed by her. 3. I had never had such a maid. 4. I was dressed by her quickly. 5. Her fingers were never felt by me on my skin. 6. After my bath, I was rubbed and massaged by her. 7. What is wanted by him? 8. He asserts that there is a criminal hiding here. 9. The inspector just glanced at them. 10". She was seized by two men 90ncealed behind a door and the handcuffs were slipped on. 11. I utter a cry of anger. 12. They had condemned this man to death in 1879. 13. His sentence was commuted to penal servitude for life. 14. You need be given by me only one proof. 15. His sleeve was pulled up. 16. You can take our word for the other proofs of his sex. 17. And my maid was taken away by them. 18. I had been dressed and undressed, handled and touched, by this man.


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III. Report the following in Indirect Speedb: 1.

Conversation in paragraphs 4 to 9.

2.

Paragraphs 14 and 16.

3.

Conversation in paragraphs 17 to 21.

4.


5.


6.


IV. A. Fill in the blanks of tbe following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs, or question words, as required: 1.

.......... were you amazed at? 2 ............... you ever such a maid? 3 . ............. was her touch? 4 .............. was the remarkable quality in her touch? 5 ............. you ever feel it? 6 ............... did she do after you had your bath? 7 ............... came in? 8 ................. wid he announced. 9 ............... is downstairs? 10 ............... did he want? 11. ............ was the criminal hiding? 12 ............... did you say in reply? 13 ............... there not some mistake? 14 .............. these all? 15 . ...... ........ were the two constables? 16 .................. had the criminal done? 17 ............... many proofs did he give? 18 ............. did you feel when she was arrested?

B. Frame questions so as to get the italicized words as answers: 1.

His name is Sundaran. 2. I had never seen that gentleman. 3. She assaged me while I dozed. 4. She massaged him while he dozed. 5. He wants some information. 6. I can answer your questions. 7. [am quite sure of it. 8. These are not all. 9. He escaped last week. 10. I thought of the woman raped by him. -

C. Add suitable question tags to the following: 1.

She was a tressure, .............. ? 2. Her skill was amazing, ............. ? 3. She had amazing skill, .............. ? 4. We never felt it, .............. ? 5. He can't come in, ................ ? 6. I went through the whole list, ................. 7. There is no mistake, .............. ? 8. These are not al1, .............. ? 9. Rose appeared immediately, ............ ? 10. He was condemned to death, .................. ? 11. His right arm is tattooed, .............. ? 12. It was n't true, ............. ?

D. In the following conversation, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: (i)

Peon: Sir, someone has come to see you. I: .............. ? Peon: He wants to search this house. I: ............ ? Peon: I am also wondering why, ........... ? I: All right, send him in.

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(ii) Police Officer: .............. . I: I have three servants. Police Officer: ............ . I: One of them is working since 10 years, another since three years, and the third since six .months ............... ? Police Officer: You will know that by and by. I: No, none of them is stout and warfish. Police Officer: ............ ? I: Certainly, you can see them ........... , .... ? Police Officer: Don't call them. I shall go to them.

V. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. His performance was ................. (better than good, better than best, best than better, better than the best). 2. He could .............. poetry (even compose, compose even). 3. It ................ (is a joy indeed, indeed is a joy, a joy indeed is, is indeed a joy) to work those exercises. 4. Why .............. (he wants, wants he, does he want, he does want) to meet me? 5. He says that there ............. (is, was, will be) a criminal hiding here. 6. I went ............... (after, along, through, on) the list of candidates. 7. I sent .............. (for, to, at, in) all my servants to come up . . 8. The interviewer glanced ............. (through, at, in, on) the candidate. 9. Hardly .............. (had she, she had) entered, the policeman slipped ............ (in, at, on) the handcuffs. 10. I had an astrologer ................ (in, among, on, with) my students.

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words from the list given below: [that, but, and, who, when, while] 1. I don't like noise; .............. I like the noise made by children.

2. They danced ............... the band played. 3. I became interested ................ put a series of questions. 4. I said ................ I could manage. 5. Excuse me, Sir, ............... there is no alternative. 6. I did not agree at first, ................ soon I relaxed. 7. He looked at me .............. said, "you are perfectly correct."


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8. He was hardly fifteen ................ He had achieved international fame. 9. They caught hold of him ................. gagged him. 10. This is the man ............. was condemned to death for rape and murder.

VII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. When there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbs: 1. He sang while she .............. (dance). 2. She came in and ............. (collapse). 3. He says that there ............ (be) a message for you. 4. I ............ (reply) that I could ............ (arrange) everything. 5 . You see that there ............. (be) no delay. 6. I ............ . (hesitate) at first, then ................ (make) up mind, and ........... (take) up the phone. 7. She stared at me and .......... .. . (say), "you ........ .. .. (ruin) me ." 8. Hardly had he ............ (go) out, when he ...... .... ..... (hear) a shriek from within . 9. Two men who stood concealed behind a bush, suddenly ............ . (pounce) on her. 10. We thought of the sacrifice he .............. .. .......... (make) for his country and ............... (feel) proud of him. 11. It ............ (be) his impertinance which ........ ...... (infuriate) the teacher. 12. This is not what we ........ .. ... (expect) from the future leaders of our country .

VIII. Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B: B

A

I.

(i) (i i) (iii) (i v) (v) (vi)

paragon genius milliner maid chemise domestic

(a) maker of women's hats (b) a model of perfection (c) a woman's under garments (d) servant (e) female servant (f) a person with extraordinary ability

II.

(i) (i i) (iii) (i v) (v) (vi)

character staff convict sentence servitude tattoo

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

set of employees punishment figures marked on skin personality imprisonment (f) criminal escaped from jail

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III.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

doze regard stammer assert (v) parade

IV . (i ) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) V.

(i) (i i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

seize glance commute go on take in humiliate

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

shy triumphant desperate flabbergasted ridiculous concealed penal

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

stutter, falter in speaking show off, exhibit consider feel sleepy declare

reduce catch hold of cast a momentary look abase, humble continue (f) deceive dangerous punish mental astonished hidden bashful (f) laughable, contemptible (g) victorious, excel tent.

L

J. Woman 2. man 3. treasure, gem, paragon 4. Rose 5. hair dressing 6. hat maker 7. new designs (fashions) 8. (i) touched, dressed (ii) she never felt her fingers (touch) on her skin. (9) (i) tall (ii ) shy 10. Rose rubbed and massaged her body 1 J. servant , humble friend . 12. search the house. 13 (i) her hall porter (ii) allow him to search her house 14. a criminal was hiding in her house . 15 a criminal 16. c 17. the mistress 18 . (i) none of those in her list was the person he wanted . (ii) The convict was hiding there. 19 . a very danger: ous 20. (i) parade her whole staff before him. (ii) No 2 J. Yes 22 . No 23 . b 24 . yes 25 (i) yes (ii) c 26. The inspector persisted 27. (iv), (ii), (viii), (v), (i) , (iii). 28 . Jean Nicolas Lecapet. 29. decreased to penal servitude for life. 30. right arm, proof. 31. No 32. (i) F (ii) F (iii) T.

II.

1. Lace was arranged by her on : . . .... ... ..... 2. She could design even . .'. .. ... . ... .. dresses. 3. Such a maid had never been hali by me . 4. She dressed me ......... .... . .. 5. I never felt her fingers on . .. . ... . .. .... . 6. After my bath, she rubbed and massaged me . 7. What does he want? 8. It is asserted by him that . .. . .......... 9. They were just glanced by the inspector. 10. Two men .. .. ..... .. ... door, seized her and slipped on the handcuffs . 1 J. A cry of anger was uttered by me. 12. This llllln had been condemned to death in 1879. 13. They had commuted his sentence to penal ........ . . .... 14. I need give you only one proof. 15. They pulled up his sleeve . 16. Our word can be taken for the other .. . .. . ..... .. 17. And they took away my maid . 18. This . m~n had dressed .... . .. . ... . .... .. touched me .

III.

I. . ...... .. .. . . .. .. my hall porter came in , stammeringly addressed me and said that the Police Inspector was downstairs. r asked sharply what he wanted. He said that he wanted to search the house . I asked why he wanted to search my house and what he was after, and said that he cou ld not come in. He said that he asserted that there was a criminal hiding there. .


IV.

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2.

I said triumphantly that so he saw that ................ mistake. He begged my excuse and said that still (=but) he was quite sure that there was no mistake. As the man ............... was a ........... character, he asked me whether I would be so kind .............. my whole ............. of myself and him.

3.

The inspector .............. said that those were not all. I begged his excuse and said that the only remaInIng one was my own ................ he would n't mistake ................ He persisted whether he might see her too. 'I agreed saymg certaInly.

4.

The inspector explained to me that the glfl was a man .............. rape. His sentence ............ ago. They had been looking ............. smce.

5.

The inspector said with a smile that he needed only (to) give me one proof. His right arm was tattooed.

6.

The policeman .............. unnecessarily that I could take his word for ............. . sex.

A.

1. What 2. Had 3. How 4. What 5. Can/could 6. What 7. Who 8. What 9. Who 10. What 11. Where 12. What 13. Was 14. Are/were 15. Where 16. What 17. How 18. How.

B.

1. What is his name? 2. Had you ever seen that gentleman? 3. What did she do while you dozed? 4. What was he doing while she massaged? 5. What does he want? 6. Who can answer my questIOns? 7. Are you qUIte sure of it? 8. Are these all? 9. When did he escape? 10. Whom do you think of?

C. 1. Was n't she? 2. Was n't it? 3. had she not? 4. did we? 5. can he? 6. did I not? 7. is there? 8. are these? 9. dId she not? 10. was he not? 11. is it not? 12. was It? D.

(i) Who is it? .......... What does he want? ............... Why? ............. Shall I send him in? (ii)

V.!. VI. 1. VII. 1.

How many servants have you? ......... Since how long are they In your service? ............ Why are you asking this question? Is any of them stout and dwarfish? ................ Shall I call them?

Better than the best 2. Even compose 3. is Indeed a joy 4. does he want 5. is 6. through 7. for 8. at 9. had she, on 10. among. but 2. whIle 3. and 4. that 5. but 6. but 7. and 8. when 9. and 10. who. danced 2. collapsed 3. IS 4. replied, arrange 5. is 6. hesitated, made, took 7. said, have ruined 8. gone, heard 9. pounced 10. has made, felt 11. was 12. expect.

VIII. I. (i) b (ii) f (iii) a (iv) e (v) c (vi) d. 2. (i) d (ii) a (Ill) f (IV) b (v) e (vi) c. 3. (i) d (ii) c (iii) a (iv) e (v) b. 4. (i) b (Ii) c (iii) a (iv) e (v) f (vi) d. 5. (i) e (ii) g (iii) a (iv) c (v) f (vi) d (vii) b.

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COMPREHENSION 6: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Old Dr.Heidegger irvited four of his venerable friends to meet him in his study. They were an melancholy aged creatures whose greatest misfortune was that they were not long ago in their graves. (1) Showing them a rose, or what was once a rose, he said, "I wore this in my bosom at my wedding. Now, would you deem it possible that this rose of half a century could ever bloom again?" (2) "Nonsense," said Widow Wychely, one of the four old guests. "You might as well ask whether my wrinkled face would bloom again." (3) "Then, see!'" said Dr.Heidegger, and dropped the rose into the water in a big glass bowl before him. In less than a minute, its dried petals grew crimson and its leaves turned green. (4) "The water in this bowl is from the famous FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH, which is near Lake Macao in Florida. An acquintance of mine, knowing my curiosity in such matters, has sent it to me." (5) "Ahem!" said Colonel Killigrew, "and, what may be the effect of this fluid on the human frame?" (6) "You shall judge for yourselves," replied the scientist. You are welcome to as much of this admirable fluid as may restore to you the bloom of youth. For my own part, having had much trouble in growing old, I am in no hurry to grow young again. Therefore, I'll merely watch the progress of the experiment. (7) The four old friends were eager to swallow the liquid handed to them. (8) "But, before you drink," said the doctor, "you better draw up a few general rules, for your guidance, while passing through the perils of youth a second time. Think what a sin and a shame it would be, if you should not become patterns of virtue and wisdom to all the young in the world." (9) They drank, nodding assent. (10) Very soon, there was a healthy glow in their cheeks; their eyes grew clear and bright; and their silvery locks became dark. They became three gentlemen of middle age, and a woman hardly beyond her prime. (11) "We are young!" they cried exuttantly. They shouted mirthfully and leaped about the room. Widow Wycherly, with a mischievous merriment on her rosy face, invited the doctor to dance with her, while the other three who were vying with one another to dance with her grappled fiercely at one another's throats. As they struggled, the table was over-" turned; the bowl dashed into a thousand fragments, and its precious contents flowed across the floor. (12)


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"Come, come, gentlemen! Come, Madame Wycherly!" exclaimed the doctor, "I protest against this riot." (13) They stood still and shivered; for, it seemed as if gray time were already calling them back from their sunny youth. The rose in the doctor's hand had also begun to fade. (14) "Are we grown old again .... .. ........ so soon?" the four wailed. (15) "Yes, friends, you are old again," said Dr.Heidegger. "And, lo! The water of youth is all lavished on the ground! Well I bemoan it not; for, if the fountain gushed at my very door-step, I would n't stoop to bath my lips in it - no, though its delirium were for years instead of moments. Such is the lesson you have taught me." (16) But the doctor's four friends had taught no such lesson to themselves. They resolved to make a pilgrimage to Florida forthwith. (17)

[Condensed from Dr.Heidegger's Experiments By Nathaniel Hawthorne.]

1.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence, each: 1. Dr.Heidegger was a (a) Physician (b) Physicist (c) Scientist. 2. The four friends invited by him were (a) old and gloomy (b) young and jovial (c) old and jolly (d) young and gloomy. 3. Their old age was ... ..... .. .. .. . for them . (a) a matter of pride (b) the greatest misfortune (c) the most venerable thing. 4. Not being dead long ago was their Fortune/Misfortune . 5. The rose shown by the doctor was a hundred years old. (Yes/No) 6. The doctor had worn the rose on the occasion of .............. . 7 . Widow Wycherley compared the rose to .. ...... . ... .. and said that both could bloom/never bloom again . 8. The water in the bowl was from the famous .. . . ...... .... . 9. The bowl was made of ............ . 10. The water in the bo'wl was sent to the doctor by (a) a relative (b) a friend (c) an acquintance.

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11. The water restored the .... .. ........ colour of the ... . ... . ...... and the colour of the ..... . .. . ...... of the rose. 12. Colonel Killigrew was curious to know the effect of the wonderful fluid on ... ...... .. .

13. The doctor had invited his old friends .......... .. . ... of the wonderful fluid (a) to show the wonderful fluid (b) to test before them the power (c) to test on them the effect. 14. The doctor permitted his old friends to . .... . .... . .

IS. The four old friends .... . ... . ... . .... drink the liquid . (a) were eager to (b) were afraid to (c) refused to (d) hesitated to. 16. (i) The doctor was in equal/in no hurry to drink the water from the fountain of youth. (ii) He merely wanted to .: .......... .... . 17. (i) The doctor advised his friends to draw up a few general rules for their own guidance, because (a) youth is dangerous (b) the experiment was dangerous (c) he was not sure that the fluid was not dangerous. (ii) The doctor's four friends were about to pass through the . .. ..... . ... . of youth a second time. (a) dangers (b) pleasures (c) problems. 18. The doctor .. .... ... .. .. . his friends that it would be a ..... . ... ..... if they did not behave as models of . ......... ..... in their second youth . 19. After drinking the wonderful fluid, the following changes took place in the old friends : (i) Parts of the body Change cheeks Eyes Hair Face (ii) Behaviour of the gentlemen Behaviour of the lady

.... . .. . . ... .

.. . .. . ... ... .. . .

20 . Widow Wychere invited the doctor to .. ......... . .. . 21. The other three began to quarrel with one another because:

(a) all of them wanted to dance with the doctor. (b) They competed with one another to dance with the widow. (c) Each of them wanted to drink all the liquid .


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22. The main reason for the loss of the precious liquid is: (a) the breaking of the bowl into a thousand pieces. (b) The overturning of the table. (c) The quarrel among the three gentlemen. 23. Time is ................. ; youth is ................. .

24. Time is old/makes every thing old. 25. The effect of the water from the fountain of youth was permanent/temporary. 26. The doctor/the doctor's friends had taught a lesson to the doctorlthe doctor's friends.

27. The doctor/the doctor's friends did not feel sorry for the loss of the precious water. 28. The doctor's friends had taught a lesson/no lesson to themselves. 29. The doctorlthe doctor's friends decided to make a pilgrimage to 30. The lesson we learn from this story is (a) youth is temporary; it should not be

~esired

(b) youth is dangerous; it needs control (c) youth is precious; it should not be wasted.

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. Dr.Heidegger invited four of his venerable friends to meet him in his study. 2. This was worn in my button at my wedding. 3. The rose was dropped by him into the water in a big bowl. 4. An acquintance of mine has sent it to me.

5. Therefore, I merely watch the progress of the experiment. 6. A few general rules be better drawn up by you for your own guidance. 7. The perils of communalism and fanaticism are being passed through by us. 8. She invited the doctor to dance with her. 9. As they struggled, they overturned the table. 10. It seemed as if they were already being called back from their sunny youth to grey time. 11. I bemoan it not. 12. Such is the lesson you have taught me.

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III. Report the following in indirect speech: 1. Conversation in paragraphs 2 to 7.

2. Paragraph 9. 3. Paragraphs 12 and 13. 4. Paragraphs 15 and 16.

IV. A. Fill in the blanks in the following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs, or question words, as required: 1. ...... '" ....... old was the rose? 2 ............... is lake Macao? 3 . ............... they welcome? 4 .............. he restore his loss? 5 ............ they not eager to go? 6 ............. you see the film a second time tomorrow? 7 . .............. he see it a second time yesterday? 8 .................. there not a glow on her cheeks? 9 ................ you young at fifty? 10 ............. did the t-Jwl break? 11. .............. I in a hurry? 12 .............. I seem to be in a hurry? 13 .............. it made of wheat? 14 .............. was the fountain? 15 . .................. you learnt a lesson atleast now?

B. Frame questions so as to get the italicized words as answers: 1. He invited four of his friends. 2. They all met in his study. 3. I wore this suit first on the day of my wedding. 4. Thls wrinkled face can never bloom again. 5. A friend sent it to her. 6. He thought of the consequences. 7. The bowl dashed into pieces. 8. You have taught him a good lesson. 9. They resolved to stay. 10. He dropped the purse on the carpet. 11. He dropped the purse. 12. He dropped the purse on the carpet.

C. Add suitable question tags to the following statements: 1. They were all aged, ............. ? 2. She wore a diamond ring, ........... ? 3. It can never bloom again, ............ ? 4. He had a big bowl before him, ............ ? 5. This water is holy, ............... ? 6. They were eager to go, .............. ? 7. You should become patterns of virtue, ...... '" ... ? 8. We wandered all over there, .............. ? 9. It had begun to fade, ............. ? 1O. It is a good lesson, .............. ?

D. In the following conversation, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: Fnend: It is a nice bowl .............. ? Doctor: No, it is not made of glass. It is made of plastic. Friend: ................ ? Doctor: I have got in it a wonderful liquid. Friend: ............... ? Doctor: The wonderful thing about it is that it can make old things young. Friend: ............... ? Doctor: I got it from a friend living in Florida. Friend: ................ ? Doctor: Florida is the name of an island.


57

V. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. I invited ................ (my, four of, four of my, four my of) friends. 2. She wore the rose ............... (in, on, with, from) her bosom, and I ................ (in, on, with, from) my coat. 3. Agra ............ (is, was, will be) near Delhi. 4. "This water is from the famous fountain of youth," he ........... (told to, told, said) his friends. 5. Let him judge for ................ (him, himself, his self) after seeing it. 6. The bowl ............. (broke into, was broken into, had broke into) pieces when it fell. 7. He ............ (shook, shivered, shuddered) at the thought, and .......... .. (shook, shivered, shuddered) with fear, while we ................ (shook, shivered, shuddered) in the cold. 8. He ............. (complained, contradicted, protested, proposed) against the injustice in the decision. 9. Don't ............... (stop, stoop) to such a low level. 10. The telegram desired me to start ................ (fourth with, fourt with, forthwith, forth with).

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing- appropriate words from the list given below: [while, before, and, on, for, whose, when] 1. They were all students ............... results were withheld. 2. He showed me a painting .............. what was once a painting. 3. The colour of the cloth faded .............. its texture became rough after a single wash. 4. Tell me what you know ........ I can tell you what I do not know. 5. They felt tired .............. I felt disgusted. 6. Gi ve the information to her ................. you pass by her house on your way to the college. 7. I checked the serial numbers ................. he counted the bundles. 8. The glass fell down ............... broke into pieces. 9. I am not at all sorry .............. it has taught me a lesson. 10. It is lost, .............. can never be got back.

VII.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs given in brackets, when there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbs: 1. You might as well inquire whether he ................. (be) interested in this subject.

58

Language Work ill English

2. A friend of mine who is a doctor............ medicine for me.

.. .............. (send) this

3. Before you ............. (go), tell me your decision. 4. You must be very careful when you ............. (pass) through the heavy traffic along the road. 5. They .......... (shout) with joy and ran all over the lawn. 6. As they exchanged blows, the teapoy ......................... (overturn). 7. I was dictating while the boys ......................... (take down) the notes. 8. Consider how grand it would be, if you ............. (choose) a brighter colour.

VIII.

Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B: A

B

1.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

study bosom wrinkle acquintance curiosity frame fluid

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

2.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

peril pattern assent glow locks prime

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

3.

(i) (ii) (i i i) (iv) (v) (vi)

merriment struggle fragment riot delirium moment

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

4.


deem bloom judge restore leap vie grapple overturn

(a) complete (b) jump (c) hold fast (d) upset (e) give back (f) blossom (g) consider (h) decide

interest body private room liquid known person (f) heart, chest (g) crease of skin model youth brightness hair danger, risk (f) acceptance. mad excitement joy uproar short time fight (f) piece


59

5.

(i) (ii) (ii i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

shiver wail 10 lavish bemoan gush stoop resolve

(a) cry, weep (b) decide (c) tremble (d) lament, weep over (e) bend (f) waste (g) rush forward (h) look

6.

(i) (ii) (ii i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix)

venerable melancholy exultant mirthful precious stall gray sunny forthwith

(a) triumphant (b) merry, joyous (c) old (d) gloomy (e) bright (f) motionless (g) respectable (h) immediately (i) valuable .

. 1.

I. c 2. a 3. b 4. misfortune 5. No 6. his marriage 7. her own wrinkled face, never bloom 8. fountain of youth 9. glass 10. c 11. green, leaves, red 12. human beings 13 . c 14. drink as much of the fluid as they liked 15. a 16 (i) in no (ii)test its effects on his friends 17 (i) a (ii) a 18. warned, a sin and a shame, virtue and wisdom 19 (i) healthy brightness, clearness and brightness, dark, youthful (ii) shouted and jumped with joy, became merry and mischievous 20. dance with her 21. b 22. c 23. gray, sunny 24. makes everything old 25. temporary 26. the doctor ' s friends, the doctor 27. the doctor 28. no lesson 29 . Florida 30. b.

II.

1.

Four of ............... friends were invited by Dr.H. to meet ............ 2. Iwote this in my .. ........... 3. He dropped the rose into ................ 4 . It has been sent to me by an ............... 5. Therefore the experiment will be merely watched by me. 6. You better draw up a few .............. rules for .. ...... ...... . 7. We are passing through the perils of communalism .................. 8. The doctor was invited by her to ........... . 9. The table was overturned as they ................. 10. It .......... ..... of gray time was already calling them back from ................. youth. 11. It is not bemoaned by me. 12. Such ............... lesson I have been taught by you .

III.

1.

Showing ............. told them that he wore that (it) in ............ his wedding. He asked them whether they deemed it possible that that rose ........... again them. Widow W -, one .......... . guests, dismissed it as nonsence and said that he might as ................ Whether her .......... Again . Dr. H- asked them to see and ........... .. Green. H" said that the water in that bowl was from .............. which was near ................. An ........... of his .......... his curiosity ................. , had sent it to him. C.K. made an exclamation of surprised assent and asked what might be .. " ............. that fluid ........ "" .. frame. The scientist replied that they should """ """ "" They were welcome to as """"""" that admirable""" """ .. might restore to them .. . ............. youth.

60


The doctor advised them, before they drank, that they would better draw up .......... ... . for their .. . .... .... time and to think what ..... . . ...... if they did not ............... world.

3.

They cried exultantly that they were young . The doctor requested the gentlemen and M.W., with great surprise, to control themselves and declare that he protested against the riot.

4.

The four wailed whether they were grown .............. soon. Dr. H- told his friends that ic was so and that they were old again. He asked them to see that the water ................ was all .................... It was alright -he bemoaned it not, for ... .. . . ....... his very ..... ... .... .. , he would not ........... his lips ............. Such was ...... .. ... they had taught him.

IV. A.

I. How 2. Where 3. Were (are) 4 . Did (could, can) 5. Were 6. Do 7. Did 8. Is (was) 9 . Are 10. How (why, when) 11. Am 12. Do 13. Is 14. Where 15 . Have.

B.

1. How many friends did he invite? 2. Where did they all meet? 3. When did I wear this suit first? 4. When can this ......... .. .. again? 5. Who sent it .... ......... 6. What did he think of? 7. What happened to the bowl? 8. What have I taught him? 9. What did they resolve to do? 10. What did he drop on the carpet? 11. What did he do to the purse? 12. Where did he drop ........... .. ?

C.

1. were n't they? 2. did n't she? 3. can it? 4. had n't he? 5. is n't it? 6. were n' t they? 7 . should n't you? 8. did n't we? 9. had n't it? 10. is n't it?

D.

.. ...... . ...... Is it made of glass? ........ .... What hiive you got in it? ............ What is wonderful about it? ................ . How (where from) did you get it? .............. . What is Florida?

V.I . four of 2. in, on 3. is 4. told 5. himself 6. broke into 7. shuddered, shook, shivered 8. protested 9. stoop 10. forthwith. VI. I. whose 2. or 3. and 4. before 5. and 6. when 7. while 8. and 9. for 10. and. VII. I. is 2. has sent 3. go 4. pass 5. shouted 6. was overturned 7. were taking down 8. choose VIII. 1. (i) c (ii) f (iii) g (iv) e (v) a (vi) b (vii) d. 2.

(i) e (ii) a (iii) f (iv) c (v) d (vi) b .

3.

(i) b (ii) e (iii) f (iv) c (v) a (vi) d.

4.

(i) g (ii) f (iii) h (iv) e (v) b (vi) a (vii) c (viii) d.

5.

(i) c (ii) a (iii) h (iv) f (v) d (vi) g (vii) e (viii) b.

6.

(i) g (ii) d (iii) a (iv) b (v) i (vi) f (vii) c (viii) e (ix) h.


6[

COMPREHENSION 7: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Wolfgang spoke something to her about being exposed at such an hour of night and offered to conduct her to her friends. She pointed to the guillotine with a gesture of dreadful significance. (1) "I have no friends on earth," said she. (2) "But you have a home," said Wolfgang. (3) "Yes - in the grave!" (4) The heart of the student melted at the words. (5) "If a stranger dare make an offer," said he, "without danger of being misunderstood, I would offer my humble dwelling as a shelter; myself as a devoted friend." (6) He supported her faltering steps along the streets. All Paris was quiet . The student conducted her to his dingy hotel. There, the old portress stared with surprise at the melancholy Wolfgang with a female companion. (7) When lights were brought, Wolfgang had a better opportunity of contemplating the stranger. He was more than ever intoxicated with her beauty. Her face was pale, but of dazzling fairness set off by a profusion of raven hair that clung clustering about it; her eyes were large and brilliant. Her whole appearance was highly striking though she was dressed in the simplest styles. The only thing approaching to an ornament which she wore was a broad black band around her neck, clasped by diamonds. (8)

In the inflammation of the moment, Wolfgang avowed his passion for her. He told her of his mysterious dream and how she had possessed his heart before he had seen her. She was strangely affected and acknowledged to have an impulse towards him equally unaccountable. (9) "Why should we separate?" said he, "our heart.s are united; we are one." (10) The stranger listened with emotion. (11) "You have no home or family," continued he, "let me be everything to you or rather let us be everything to one another. I pledge myself to you for ever!" (12) "Forever?" said the stranger solemnly. (13) "For ever!" replied Wolfgang. (14) The stranger clasped the hand extended to her. "Then, I am yours," murmured she, and sank upon his bosom. (15) The next morning the student saEied forth to seek more spacious apartments . When he returned, he found the stranger lying with her

62


head hanging over the bed. He spoke to her, but received no reply. He advanced to aWl;l.ken her from her uneasy posture. On taking her hand, he noticed that it was cold. Her face had become pallid and ghastly. In other words, she was a corpse. (16) . Horrified and frantic, he alarmed the house. A scene of confusion ensued. The police were summoned. As the police officer entered the room, he started back on beholding the dead body. (17) "Great Heavens!" cried he, "How did this woman come here?" (18) "Do you know anything about her?" said Wolfgang eagerly. (19) "Do I!" exclaimed the officer, "she was guillotined yesterday!" (20) He stepped forward and undid the black collar round the neck of the corpse, and the head rolled on the floor. (21)

[Condensed from Adventures of a German Student By Washington Irving.]

I.

Answer the following in a word,a phrase, or a sentence each: 1.

Wolfgang is the name of .... .. .. .... .

2.

The stranger he found was a .. ...... .. .. ..

3.

The time then was ...... .. .... .

4.

"She was exposed" means (a) She was alone (b) She was expecting help (c) She had no warm clothing.

5. 6.

He told her that he would .............. .. (i) There was some ......... in the way she pointed at the beheading machine. (ii) Wolfgang was able/unable to understand it.

7. She had no friend on earth , because (a) she had quarrelled with all her friends (b) all her fr iends were dead (c) she was dead . 8. She said that her home was .. .. ............ . 9. On hearing her reply , the student ............. her. (a) disbelieved (b) loved (c) pitied.


63

10. (i) He said that he would give her shelter in ................ .. (ii) Such an offer from a stranger to a lady (a) is improper (b) would be always appreciated (c) would be usually misunderstood. 11. She walked with ............. steps. Therefore he gave her .............. while

walking along the street. 12.

(i) The student resided in a ............ ..

(ii) It was ............ . (iii) This indicates that the student was not ................. . 13.

(i) There was ................... at the entrance to the hotel.

(ii) She was '" ........... when she saw the student coming with a 14. The porter was surprised because (a) Wolfgang had never brought this particular girl with him. (b) Wolfg .. ng was a gloomy fellow who had no gIrl friends. (c) It was against rules to bring girl friends into the hotel. 15. Wolfgang noticed the beauty of the stranger (a) as soon as he saw her near the guillotine. (b) Only after bringing her into his room. (c) While supporting and conduding her to his room. 16. Wolfgang was ................ by the beauty of the stranger. 17. Match the contents of Lists A and B.

A (i) (ii) (iii) (i v) (v) (vi)

face hair dress appearance beauty eyes

B (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

simple intoxicating pale and dazzlingly fair large and brilliant raven black and profuse (f) striking.

18. She wore (a) only one ornament (b) only two ornaments; a black neck-band and a diamond clasp (c) only one thing that could be considered an instrument. 19. (i) The black neck-band was made up of diamonds. (T/F) (ii) The black neck-band was studded with diamongs. (T/F) (iii) The black neck-band had a diamond clasp. (T/F) 20. Foolish passion made Wolfgang confess hIS love to the lady. (T/F)

64


21. He had seen and loved her in his dreams even before actually seeing her. (T/F) 22. When Wolfgang spoke out his love, she .............. . 23. Her love for him was as strange as his love for her. (T/F) 24. Wolfgang proposed that (a) she should love him (b) she should be everything to him (c) they should be everything to one another. 25. The lady .................. Wolfgang's proposal. 26. Wolfgang pledged ............... to her. 27. By asking 'For Ever?,' the lady meant (a) she desired permanent friendship. (b) she did not like to have permanent friendship with him. (c) she did not believe his words. 28. The symptoms by which he recognized that she was dead were: (i)

........................... (ii) .......................... .

29. On seeing the dead body, the police officer was (a) satisfied (b) surprised (c) horrified. 30. It was evident that the police officer knew something about her. (T/F) 31. The police officer had seen her guillotined the previous day. (T/F) 32. The guillotine is a device which (a) cuts the head mto pieces. (b) Smashes the head. (c) Separates the head from the trunk. 33. The Police Officer/ Wolfgang undid the black collar round the neck of the corpse. 34. As soon as the neck-band was removed (a) the neck was cut off (b) the head was cut off (c) the head became separated from the body. 35. The neck-band held the head ................... to the body (a) pressed (b) attached (c) fixed.

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1.

She pointed to the guillotine with a gesture of dreadful significance.

2.

I would offer my humble dwelling as a shelter.

3.

Her faltering steps were supported by him along the street.


65

4.

When lights were brought, he saw her beauty.

5.

He was more than ever intoxicated with her beauty.

6.

How his heart had been possessed by her before she had been seen him was told to her by him.

7.

The hand extended by him to her was clasped by the stranger.

III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1.


2.

Paragraph 6.

3.

Paragraph 10.

4.

Conversation in paragraphs 12, 13, 14 and 15.

5.


IV. A. Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs, words: 1.

au~iIiary

verbs, or question

.................... you no friend on earth? 2 ............... you have a home? (negative) 3 .................. did he offer? 4 ............... there danger of being misunderstood? 5 .............. you support her? (negative) 7 . ............... what was he intoxicated? 8 ................. she wearing any ornament? 9 ................ she possessed his heart? 10 ................ she possess his heart? 11. ............. did she acknowledge? 12 ............. . did the student go the next morning? 13 ................ did he want to seek? 14 ............... the police officer know anything about her? 15 . ............... happened when the neck band was unclasped?


She pointed to the guillotine. 2. She pointed to the guillotine with a gesture of dreadful significance. 3. He offered her shelter. 4. I considered him as a friend. 5. I looked upon him as a friend. 6. It was a dingy hotel. 7. He conducted her to a dingy hotel. 8. There was a broad black band round her neck. 9. The stranger clasped her hand. 10. He noticed that her hand was cold. 11. The police officer entered the room. 12. He undid the black collar.

C. Add suitable question tags to the following: 1.

He said something, .............. ? 2. I have no friend on earth, ............... . 3. I'm your devoted friend, ................... ? 4. He didn't support her, ................. 5. She stares with surpIise, ................ ? 6. She seemed to be surprised; .................... ? 7. He had a better opportunity, ............. ? 8. She didn't wear any ornament; ............... ? 9. He told her of his dreams, ................. ? 10. She was strangely affected, ....................... ? 11. We needn't separate, ................... ? 12. You have no home, ............... ? 13. He received no reply, .................. ? 14. She was a corpse, .......... : .... ? 15. She was guillotined yesterday, ...................... ?

66


D. In the following conversation, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: Wolfgang: ................ ? Stranger: I have no frielld on earth. Wolfgang: ............... ? Stranger: My home is in the grave. Wolfgang: ............... ? Stranger: Thank you. I permit you to make any offer. Wolfgang: ................ ? Stranger: Go on. I shall not mistake you.

V. Fill in the blanks in the alternatives given in brackets:

following

choosing one Of the

1.

My heart melted .................. (by, in, at from) his words.

2.

When I met him again, I had ............... (a better, best, a best) opportunity of seeing him.

3.

She is ................ (more than ever. ever more than, more ever than) worried by problems.

4.

I was very much .............. (affected, effected, afflicted) by his generosity.

5.

He listened to her friends ................. (by, in, from, with) emotions.

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words from the list given below: [how, before. but, though, and]

1. She spoke to me kindly .................. offered to introduce me to her friends. 2. Her face was pale, ................. very fair. 3. His dress was superb ............... simple. 4. He explained to me ................ the machine worked. 5. I told him what information I haq gathered .............. also how I got it. 6. He saw me ................ I saw him. 7. I wrote to him, ................ he did not reply at all. 8. The message worried ................. perplexed us. 9. I ran ................ put off the main switch. 10. He liked the proposal, .............. did not say so.

VII.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the verb given in brackets, when there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbIs: 1.

When the sun came up, we ............... (have) a better view of the valley.


67

2.

She ............ .. (look) charming though she wore a very simple dress.

3.

The ornament which she ................. (wear) is made of diamonds and rubies.

4.

I told her of my dream and how I .............. (love) her even before I .. .. .. ........ . ............ . (see) her.

5.

When I ............. (go) home, I found the lock broken.

6.

I noticed that the bus ........ . .... .. . (be) already over loaded .

7.

I am ........ . .... . .. (wonder) how he ...... .. ....... (give) such accurate predictions.

8.

I stepped forward and . .. .... . ...... (stumble) against something.

VIII.

Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B:

A

B

1.


Guillotine gesture significance grave dwelling shelter portress fairness

(a) meaning (b) a place of protection from danger (c) beauty (d) beheading machine (e) house (f) female door keeper (g) sign (h) tomb.

2.

(i) (i i) (i i i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

profusion infatuation passion impulse pledge posture bosom

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

3.

(i) (i i) (i i i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

offer conduct stare contemplate clasp avow possess

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

4.

(i) (ii) (i i i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

affect acknowledge murmur ensue summon start behold

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

thing deposited as security great quantity foolish passion position of the body strong force (f) chest (g) strong love . lead, escort hold propose seize, take hold of admit, confess (f) look fixedly with fear , anger etc. (g) observe. result say in a low voice admit, accept jump with surprise or shock see (f) call (g) influence.

68


5.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii ) (viii )

mysterious exposed dreadful devoted faltering dingy melancholy intoxicated

loyal, faithful dark gloomy unprotected strange, inexplicable (f) horrible (g) excited (h) unsteady.

6.


dazzling raven striking unaccountable pallid ghastly frantic

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

very bright, brilliant excited pale jet black strange (f) horrible (g) remarkable, impressive.

I. 1. A student 2. lady 3. late in the night. 4. c 5. escort her 6. (i) horrible meaning (ii) unable 7. c 8. in the grave . 9. c 10. (i) his home (ii) c 11. unsteady, support 12 . (i) hotel (ii) dark (iii) rich 13 . (i) an old female gate keeper (ii ) surprised, girl friend 14. b 15 . b 16. excited 17. (i) c (ii) e (iii) a (iv) f (v) b (vi) d 18. c 19. (i) F (ii) F (iii) T 20 . T 21. T 22. said that she too had a similar inexplicable impulse towards him. 23. T 24 c 25 . Agreed to 26. himsel f 27 . a 28 . (i) her hand was cold (ii ) her face was pale and ghastly 29 . b 30. T 31. T 32. c 33 . The police officer 34. c 35. a.

II . I. The guillotine was pointed by her with . ... ...... ... ... 2. My humble dwelling would be offered as a shelter. 3. He supported her ... . .... .. .. . street. 4. When they brought lights, her beauty was seen by him. 5. Her beauty intoxicated him more . ... .... .. . ... 6. He told her how she had possessed his heart even before he had seen her. 7. The stranger clasped the hand he extended to her. III . 1.

She said that she had no friend on earth . Wolfgang expressed his hope that she had a home . She said that she had it in the grave.

2.

He proposed that if a stranger could dare to make an offer without danger of being misunderstood, he would offer his humble ... .. . .. .. .... . shelter; himself as

3.

He asked why they should separate . Their hearts were united . They were one .

4.'

He continued that she had no home or family. He requested her to let him be everything to her or rather to let them be everything to one another. The stranger asked whether it would be for ever. Wolfgang replied that it would be for ever. Wolfgang replied that it would be forever .. . . ... ... .. Then she murmered that, in that case, she was his, and ..... . . ... .. .. . .

5.

He exclaimed with great surprise and wondered how that woman came there. Wolfgang asked eagerly whether he knew anything about her. He asked himself with surprise whether he did, and said .that she . ..... .. . .. . .. .. the previous day .

IV. A.

1. Have 2. Don't 3. What 4. Is 5. Don't 6. Isn ' t 7. With 8. Was 9. Had 10. Did 11. What 12. Why (where) 13. What 14. Did 15. What.


69

B.

1. What did she point to? 2. How did she point to the guillotine? 3. What dId he offer her? 4. Whom did I consider as a friend? 5. How did I look upon him? 6. What kind of hotel was it? 7. Where did he conduct him? 8. What was there around her neck? 9. Who clasped her hand? 10. What did he notIce? 11. Who entered the room? 12. What did he undo?

C.

1. Didn't he? 2. Have I? 3. aren't I? 4. did he? 5. doesn't she? 6. dIdn't she? 7. hadn't she? 8. did she? 9. didn't he? 10. wasn't she? 11. need we? 12. have you? 13. did he? 14. wasn't she? 15. wasn't she?

D.

Have you any friend? ............. .. ............. where IS your home? ............. Do you permit me to make an offer? .............. Don't you mistake me?

V. I. at 2. a better 3. more than ever 4. affected 5. wIth.

VI. 1. and 2. but 3. though 4. how 5. and 6. before 7. but 8. and 9. and 10. but.

VII.!. had 2. looked 3. wears 4. had loved, had seen 5. went 6. was 7. wondering, gives 8. stumbled.

VIII. I. (i) d (ii) g (iii) a (iv) h (v) e (vi) b (vii) f (ViIi) c. 2.

(i) b (ii) c (iii) g (iv) e (v) a (vi) d (vii) f.

3.

(i) c (ii) a (iii) f (iv) g (v) b (vi) e (vii) d.

4.

(i) g (ii) c (iii) b (iv) a (v) f (vi) d (vii) e.

5.

(i) e (ii) d (iii) f (iv) a (v) h (vi) b (vii) c (viii) g.

6.

(i) a (ii) d (iii) g (iv) e (v) c (vi) f (vii) b.

70


COMPREHENSION - 8:Read the following passage carefully and answerothe questions that follow: "How is it possible," cried I, "for a man who knows the world to go to law? Courts of justice resemble rat-traps; nothing more easy than to go in, but to get out again needs more cunning than rats generally possess." (1) "Faith," replied my friend, "I should not have gone to law, but that 1 was assured of success before 1 began. And 1 have been on th8 eve of triumph, every term, these ten years, with victory ever in my view, but ever out of reach. However, at present, we have so hampered our antagonist, that, we shall, this very day, lay him fairly on his back." (2) "But," continued I, "what reasons have you to think an affair at last concluded, which has given you so many former disappoi-ntments?" (3) "My lawyer tells me," returned he, "that 1 have Salkeld and Ventri strong in my favour, and that there are no less than fifteen cases in point." (4) "Are they two of your judges who have already declared their opinions?" (5) "N 0," replied my friend, "they are lawyers, who some hundred years ago gave their opinions on cases similar to mine. Those opinions which make for me, my lawyer is to cite; and these opinions which look another way are cited by the lawyer employed by my antagonist. 1 think he has Coke and Hales for him; and he that has most opinions is most likely to carry his case." (6) "But where is the necessity," cried I, "of prolonging a suit by citing the opinions of others, since the same good sense which served lawyers in former ages, may guide your judges this day? They, at that time, gave their opinions only from the light of reason; your judges have the same light, or even a better light to direct them, as we are happily free from many of the prejudices of those ages. If arguing from authorities be exploded from every other branch of learning, why should it be particularly adhered to in this? This method of investigation surely embarrasses the law givers, ceremonies will be multiplied, formalities increase, and more time is spent in the arts of litigation than in the discovery of right." (7) "I see," cries my friend, "that you are for a speedy administration of justice. But, it is the boast of an Englishman that has property is secure, and a deliberate administration of justice is the best way to secure his property. So many lawers and so many formalities are there, but to secure our property. Not less than one hundred and thousand families live in opulence, elegance and ease, merely by securing our property!" (8)


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To embarrass justice, returned I, "by a multiplicity of laws, or ·to hazard it by a confidence in our judges, are, both bad. In one case, the client resembles that emperor, who was suffocated with the bed clothes only designed to keep him warm; in the other, to that town which let the enemy take possession ofi~s walls, to show the world how little they depended upon aught but courage for safety." (9) Presently, the lawyer came to inform my friend, that his cause was put off till another term, that money was needed to continue, and that all the world was of opinion, that the very next hearing would bring him off victorious. (10)

[Condensed from The Courts of Justice By Oliver Goldsmith.}

I.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each, as required: 1. 'A man who knows the world ' means (a) a scholar (b) one who has traveled widely over all parts of the world (c) a wise person. 2. A man who knows the world does not go to a law court seeking justice. (Tru~/False)

3. Once it gets in, the rat can not come out of the .............. ; similarly, 4. Rats: Rat-traps:: People: ............ . S. The similarity between rat-traps and law courts lies,in the fact that Qoth

are .. ..... ... .. . .. and ........ ..... . 6. The author's friend went to the law-court because .... ....... . . 7. His case is continuing since ........... . 8. The lawyer tells him every time that .. ......... . 9. Every time the success is ................ but ............... for him. 10. This time he is sure of success because .............. . 11. (i) 'We shall lay him surely on his back' means 'we shall ............... .' (a) make him lie down on his back. (b) put him to sleep. (c) defeat him. (ii) 'him' refers to (a) the author (b) the author's friend (c) the author's adversary (d) the author's friend's adversary. 12. The author/author's friend is sure/not sure .of success this time. 13. Salkeid and Ventris are the names of (a) the lawyers engaged by the author's friend

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(b) the lawyers who have given opinions favourable to him in earlier cases (c) judges who have already declared their opinions in his favour. 14. The lawyer engaged by his antagonist quotes the arguments of .... ..... .. ... .. and .... .. . ..... . 15. To win the case, one should have opponent.

a: large number of .. ............

than his

16. The author's friend says that his lawyer has no less than fifteen 17 . The system of deciding cases on the basis of the opihion of others quickens the process of deciding cases. (Yes/No) 18. (a) The lawyers of olden days gave their opinions from .......... .. .. .. (b) Our judges of today can/cannot do so. 19. We are still having many of the prejudices of the olden days. (Yes/No) 20. Arguing on the basis of the opinion of experts is continued in all branches of learning except law . (True/False) 21 . The author asks why we (a) should not value the opinions of others only in law (b) should value the opinions of others only in law (c) have discontinued arguing from authorities in all other branches of learning. 22. Quoting from the opinions of others confuses .... .. ...... and consumes more ............... by increasing the ...... .. .. 23. An Englishman boasts that .. ........ .. .. 24. The surest way of giving security is by making the process of law-giving intentionally slow . (Yes/No) 25. According to the author's friend, a large number of .. .. ........ and . .... . . . : . .. are there only for rendering our property safe. 26 . More than a lakh families live in luxury by providing .. .. .. ........ . 27 .

(i) Justice is confused by .. .............. .. (ii) Justice is put to danger by ...... .. ...... . (iii) Therefore, both .......... .. . And ........... are bad .

. 28.

(i) Bed-clothes are meant to keep us .. .. .. ...... .. (ii) But, too many of them may cause death by .. . ... .. ... ... . . (iii) ........... ... .. are compared to too many bed-clothes. (iv) .. ........ .. .. is compared to the emperor who was ................. by too many bed clothes.


29.

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(i) The walls of a fort are meant to give protection to .............. against enemies. (ii) ................. is also necessary to drive away enemies. (iii) Over confidence in the compared to .................. .

ability

of

... ... ... ... .....

is

30. The lawyer came and informed that the case was (a) decided in favour of the author's friend (b) against the author's friend (c) postponed. 31. More .............. was needed to continue the case. 32.

(i) The lawyer assured that ................ . (ii) With such assurances he extracted more and more ................ .

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. More cunning is needed to get out again. 2. At present our antagonist has been so hampered (by us) that he will be fairly laid on his back (by us): 3. Have they declared their opinions? 4. My lawyer cites those opinions which are favourable to me. 5. They gave opinions on cases similar to mine. 6. Those opinions which look the other way are cited by the lawyer employed by my antagonist. 7. They, at that time, gave their opinions only from the light of reason. 8. Arguing from authorities has been exploded (by all). 9. Why should it be particularly adhered to (by you)? 10. Ceremonies will be multiplied by such a procedure. 11. Much time is spent in the art of litigation. 12. Justice is embarrassed by a multiplicity of laws. 13. The emperor was' suffocated by the bed clothes designed (by them) to keep him warm. 14. He was told by his lawyer that his cause was put off for another term. 15. Money was needed to continue the case.

III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1.

Paragraph 1 and 2.

2.


3.

Paragraphs 6, 7, 8 and 9.

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IV. A. Fill in the blanks in each of the following with a suitable verb, auxiliary verb, or question word, as required: 1.

................ a wise man go to the law-court? 2 ................. it not easy to get in? 3 ........... is needed to get out again? 4 .............. does your lawyer say? 5 ................. there any necessity? 6 .............. there security for life in those disturbed areas? 7 ............... he think we shall win? 8 ............... not money needed for everything? 9 ............. many families live in this building? 10 ........ .'....... the conditions favourable now?


He left the place on the eve of the festival. 2. There are fifteen supporters to him. 3. My lawyer quotes these points. 4. This is a very slow process. 5. They decided matters by the light of their own reason. 6. A slow administration of justice is the best way to guarantee full justice. 7. They were leading a life of luxury. 8. He depends upon others for every thing. 9. Every body says so. 10. The multiplicity of laws hampers justice.

C. Add suitable question tags to each of the following: 1.

You don't think so, ............. ? 2. They resemble rat-traps, ............ ? 3. I have already agreed, ............. ? 4. He is not your lawyer, ............... ? 5. There is no urgency, ................ ? 6. You have a strong case, ............. ? 7. Coke and Hales support your opponent, .............. ? 8. The judge seems to be confused, ............... ? 9. Law is an ass, ............. ? 1O. All are condemning him, ............... ?

D. In the following conversation, make up suitable questions: I: ............. ? He: His name is S.l.Bhat. I: '" .'.... '..... ? He" I chose him because' he is supposed to be the best criminal lawyer. I: ............. ? He: No, no! He is not a criminal. He is an expert in handling criminal cases. I: ............. ? He: He charges fifty' rupees for each appearance at court. I: ............. ? He: Till today I have paid him more than a thousand.

V. Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences choosing one of the . alternatives given in brackets: 1. The shape of the mountain peak resembles (a bull, a bull's, that of a bull). 2. He has .................. (cunning, much cunning, more cunning, most cunning) than a fox.

Unit-[ (Comprehension)

75

3. The case was ............... (at last, at least, at length) decided against me. 4. Where is '" ............. (necessity, a necessity, the necessity) of continuing the wastage? S. They decided cases from the .............. (light reason, light of reason, reason of light). 6. He and his brother ............... (both are, are both) nice· people. 7. A wise person .................. (little, a little, the little) depends on others. 8. Did he .............. (go, goes, went) there? 9. He .............. (said, said to, told) that he was sure of success. 10. He ............... (said, told, told me) that he was sure of success.

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words from the list given below: [or, and, who, which, that, but]

1-.. It is easy to say, ................... difficult to do. 2. I would not have waited, ............ he assured that he would also come with me. 3. A mirage is ever in view, .............. ever out of reach. 4. It is that long drawn out case, .............. made him pauper. 5. My lawyer tells me ............ I am sure to win. 6. They are the students ............... participated in the prize winning drama. 7. He has Coke ............... Hales for him; ............ I have Salked '" .......... Ventris. 8. You have the same facilities, ............. even better ones .. 9. We have so adjusted the programme .................. all the talented children get a chance. 10. Money kept in banks is safe ............... secure.

VII.Fill in the brackets with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Where there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbs: 1. A man who knows the world ............ not ........... (go) to law.

2. I ............ not ............ . ............. (go) to that doctor but that I was as'sured that he .................... (be) the best available in this place. 3. My lawyer tells me that I ........... (have) strong points in my favour. 4. My lawyer ................ (quotes) those judgements which are in my favour. S. He .............. (try) to show how little he depended on me. 6. My brother came to inform that more money ............ . (need).

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7. I went in with hope and ........... (come) out with despair. 8. I .............................. (be) very busy since! was ................. (transfer) to this bench.

9. You ............... (be) lucky as there are better facilities now. 10. Re was like the emperor who ................................ (suffocate) with his own bed clothes.

VIII.

Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B: B

A

1.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

former particular secure deliberate but

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

2.


cunning triumph antagonist suit reason prejudice authority

(a). big success (b) ability to judge (c) skill (d) bias, preconceived opinion (e) case in a court of law expert (g) opponent, enemy

3.


learning ceremony formality litigation administration opulence elegance

legal procedure wealth, riches giving formality refinement (f) knowledge (g) usual procedure

4.


ease multi plici ty confidence walls aught cause term

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

faith law suit, case anything comfort period (f) fort (g) large number

5.


possess assure hamper declare conclude cite prolong

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

intentionally earlier except safe special

en

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

close, end hinder, obstruct continue, unnecessarily quote in support have (f) guarantee (g) announce


6.


serve direct explode embarrass hazard suffocate design put off

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

plan, prepare endanger, risk discontinue postpone prevent breathing (f) guide (g) be of use (h) confuse.

I.

1. c 2. True 3. trap, a person who gets involved in legal proceedings can not easily escape from it. 4. law courts 5. easy to get in; difficult to come out. 6. He was assured of success when he began. 7. ten years 8. he is on the eve of success. 9. in view, out of reach. 10. his lawyer has given that assurance. II. (i) c (ii) d 12. author's friend, sure 13. b 14. Coke, Hale 15 . opinions 16. Opinions favourable to him. 17. No 18. (a) their own ability to reason and judge (b) can 19. No 20. False 21. b 22. the judges, time, formalities . 23. his property is safe . 24. No 25. lawyers, formalities 26 . security to our property. 27. (i) too · many laws (ii) too much confidence in judges (iii) multiplicity of laws, over confidence in judges. 28. (i) warm (ii) suffocation (iii) multiplicity (iv) the client, suffocated. 29. (i) a town (ii) courage (iii) judges, confidence in courage. 30. c 31. money 32. (i) the author's friend would be victorious in the ~ext hearing (ii) money. .

II.

1. you (we) need/Cone needs) more cunning to get ............... 2. At present we have so hampered our antagonist that we shall lay him fairly on his back. 3. Have their opinions been declared by them? 4. Those opinions . ... ... . ...... me are cited by my lawyer. 5. OpiniOns on ....... .. ... mine were given by them. 6. The lawyer .. ... .... .. .. antagonist cites those opinions ............. ............... Way. 7. Their opinions were given by them, at that time only ......... .... reason. 8. All have exploded arguing .............. 9. Why should you particularly adhere to it? 10. Such a procedure will multiply ceremonies. 11. They spend much time in ....... .... . ... 12. A multiplicity of laws embarrasses justice. 13. The bed clothes designed to .. . ............ warm suffocated the emperor. 14. His lawyer told him that they put off his cause for another term. 15. He needed money to continue ....... : .... .

III.

1.

I asked how it was possible for a man who knew .............. to law courts .. . ... .. .... .. . resembled rat-traps; nothing was more .... ......... again needed ...... . ...... . generally possessed.

2.

My friend replied with certainty that he would not have gone ............ he was '" .. ......... he began. And he had been on the ............ : those ten years ............ . his view. However, at that time, they hac .............. their antagonist, that they would, that everyday ............... .

3.

I continued and asked with doubt what reasons he had to think .......... : .. which had given him ............. He replied that his lawyer told him that he had ............. . strong in favour, and .... ......... there were no ...... ......... point. I inquired whether they were two of his (their) judges who had ................. . opinions.

4.

My friend .replied that it was not so. They were lawyers ............... similar to his . Those opinions which .. .... .... . ...... him, his lawyer was ............... those opinions which looked another way were cited ................ by his .... .. ......... He thought he had .............. he that had most ............ was .............. his case .

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I asked with doubt where the necessity was of .. .. .. .. . .... .. . ages. might guide his judges that day. They .. . . . . . .. .. .. .• their judges had .... . .. . . . ... .... as they were happily .. ....... . ... was exploded ....... . ... .. . . ..... .. learning. I inquired why it should be . ... .... .. . . .. . in that. That method embarrassed the ... ... .. ....... . would be multiplied . .. . .. . ... .. . ... increased •.. . ... .. . ... . ... was spent ... .. . .......... Right.

6.

My friend said that he saw that I was for .... . .. ... . . . .. it was the boast . . . .. : .. .. .... . . was secure and a .. .... . ... . ..... .... was the best way to secure ... .... . .. ...... .. were there but to secure their .... . . . .. ... .. . lived in .. ... ....... .. .. their property.

7.

I replied that to embarrass .. . .. .... .. . . .. .. .. our judges were both bad ....... .. ... ... . client resembled ... .. .. . . ... . ... They depended safety .

IV . A.

1. Does 2 . Is/Was 3. What 4. What 5. Is/Was 6. Is/Was 7. Does 8. Is 9. How 10. Are.

B.

1. When did he leave the place? 2. How many supporters are there to him? 3. Who quotes these points? 4 . What kind of process is this ? 5. How did they decide matters? 6. Which is the best way? 7 . What kind (type) of life were they leading? 8. For what does he depend upon others? 9 . Who says so? 10. What hampers justice?

C.

1. do you? 2. Don't they? 3. Haven't I? 4. Is he? 5. is there? 6. haven't you ? 7. don't they? 8. does not he? 9. Isn ' t it? 10. are n ' t they?

D.

Which of them is your lawyer? .. . .. : .. . . .. What is his name? ... .. . .... .. Why did you choose him? ... ... .... .. .. . Is he a criminal? .. .... .. . .. . .... How much does he charge? . ..... . ..... .. . How much you have paid him?

V.I. that of a bull 2. more cunning 3. at last 4 . the necessity 5. light of reason 6. are both 7. little 8. go 9. said 10. told. VI. 1. but 2. but 3. but 4 . which 5. that 6. who 7. and. but. and 8. and 9. that 10. and . VII. 1. will .. . .. . ...... go . 2. should . ... ... .. ... have gone . 3. had 4. quoted 5. tried 6. was needed 7. came 8. had been ... . .. .. ..... ..... . transferred 9. are 10. was suffocated. VIII. 1. (i) b (ii) e (iii) d (iv) a (v) c. 2. (i) c (ii) a (iii) g (iv) e (v) b (vi) d (vii) f. 3. (i) f(ii) d (iii) g (iv) a (v) c (vi) b (vii) e. 5. (i) d (ii) g (iii) a (iv) f (v) c (vi) b (vii) e. 6. (i) w (ii) f (iii) b (iv) a (v) g (vi) d (vii) c . 7 . (i) g (ii) f (iii) c (iv) h (v) b (vi) e (vii) a (viii) d.

Un.it -/ (Comprehension)

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COMPREHENSION 9: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Among the artists allured into the Happy Valley was a man eminent for his knowledge of mechanical powers, who had contrived many engines both of use and recreation. By a wheel which the stream turned, he forced water into a tower, whence it was distributed to all the apartments of the palace. He erected a pavilion in the garden, around which he kept the air always cool by artificial showers. Instruments of soft music were played by the impulse of the wind and the stream. (1) The artist, honoured by frequent visits by Rasselas, the Prince, resolved to gain high honours. (2) "Sir," he said one day to the Prince, "I'm of opinion that instead of tardy conveyance by chariots and ships, man might use the swifter migration of wings . The fields of air are open to knowledge; only ignorance and idleness need crawl on the ground." (3) "But, I'm afraid," said the Prince, "that you now tell me rather what you wish than what you know. Every animal has his element assigned to him; birds have air, fish water, and man and beasts the earth." (4) "No, if fish swim by nature, man can by art. To swim is to fly in a grosser fluid, and to fly is to swim in a subtl-er fluid." (5) "But," said the Prince, "swimming makes the strongest limbs soon wearied; flying must be more violent." (6) "Of course," agreed the artist. "But, as we mount higher the earth's attraction diminishes and man can float in air without any tendency to fall. You, Sir, can easily conceive how it amuses a spectator in the air to survey with equal security the marts of trade and the fields of battle, to trace a river through all its passage, and to examine the face of Nature from one extremity of the earth to the other." (7) "All this," said the Prince, "is desirable. But I have been told that respiration is difficult, on lofty mountains, I f~ar ............. " (8) • "Nothing," intervened the artist, "will be attempted if all possible objections must be first overcome. I'll try the first flight at my own hazard. Of all Volant animals, I find the folding continuity of the bat's wings most easily adaptable to the human frame. Upon this model, I expect to design wings for man, in a year. But you must promise not to divulge the art to, or request me' to make wings for others." (9) "Why," said the good Prince, "should you envy others so great an advantage? All skill ought to be exerted for universal good ~ Every man owes much to others, and ought to repay the benefits received from others." (10) "If all men are virtuous," returned the artist, "I shQuld gladly teach everybody to fly. But what security the good will have, 'if the bad could,

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at pleasure, invade them from the sky? Against an army sailing through the clouds, neither walls, nor mountains, nor seas, can afford any security." (11) . The Prince promised secrecy, and waited for the performance, not wholly hopeless of success. (12) In a year the wings were ready, on the morning appointed, the maker appeared furnished for flight on a little promontory. He waved his pinions a while togather air, then leaped from his stand, and in an instant dropped into the lake below. His wings, which wer"e of no use in air, sustained him in water. (13)

[Condensed from Rasselas By Samuel Johnson.]

I.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence, each: 1. Artists had beenattracted into the 'Happy Valley.' Here 'artists' means (a) painters, sculptors, musicians etc ., (b) scientists, engineers, doctors etc., (c) persons clever in all fields. 2. The artists had to use their intelligence for the ............. and .......... .. ·of the people who lived in the Happy Valley. 3. 'Mechanical powers' means (a) natural powers (b) unnatural powers (c) power of machines. 4. A person with the knowledge of mechanical powers is called . .. ...... . ... . . . 5 .............. is an example for 'an engine of use' and ................ is an example for 'an engine of recreation.' 6. The engineer used the energy of .............. .. to turn a .. .. .. : ........ to pump water into a ...... . .. .. .. . from where it was distributed to 7. He used : ................ to cool the air. 8. He used the energy of ............. and .............. to produce sweet music from musical instruments. 9. 'Rasselas' was the name of 'the artist '/the Prince. 10. 'Only ignorance and idleness need crawl upon the ground!' Here 'ignorance' means .. .. .. .. .. ... .. and ' idleness' means .. .... ........ ..


8[

11. The artist considers conveyance even by chariots and ships as 'crawling on the ground.' (Yes/No) 12. The artist wants to fly fast in ............... by means of .............. . 13. People who give more importance to imagination than to fact speak more about what they ............. than what they .............. . 14.

(i) Every animal has his ............... assigned to him. (ii) The three elements mentioned are .............. , ............... and (iii) They are assigned by .............. to ................ , .................. and ............... respectively.

15. Fish swim by ............. , man can swim by .............. . 16. What man cannot do by .............. he can do by .............. . 17. . ................ is a grosser fluid; ............. is a subter fluid. 18. . .............. is flying in water; ............. is swimming in water. 19. Swimming causes/does not cause strain. 20. Flying is naturally morelless tiresome than swimming. 21. The tendency of bodies to fall is due to .............. . 22. 'Body's gravity' means' '" .......... of the body.' 23. As we go up higher and higher in the aIr, .............. gradually decreases. 24. In the region where earth's attraction is nil, man will ............... without '" ........ , .. . 25. A spectator in the air can ............. , ............. , and .............. . 26. Breathing is difficult on high mountains. (T/F) 27. A person who goes on putting ............... to doing a thing, will never begin it at all. 28. The artist was prepared to take the risk of the first flight, himself. (T/F) 29. The artist decided to design the artificial wings for man on the model of ............. because ............... . 30. The artist wanted .............. to get the artificial wings ready. (a) a week (b) a month (c) a year. 31. (i) The artist wanted to keep his invention a secret. (Yes/No) (ii) The Prince also was of the same opinion. (Yes/No) 32. The Prince wanted that all good things should be used for .............. . 33. 'We are ............. by others; therefore, we should be ............... to others.' This was the policy of the ............... . 34. The artist did not like to reveal the art of flsing to all men because

82


35. Wicked people use/misuse the art of flying for invasion from the 36. Security in the ft>:-m of .......................... and ............. Would be useless when the invader attacks from the sky. 37. 'Naked Nations; mean ............ nations (i) poor (ii) uncivilized (iii) unprotected. 38. The Prince had no hope that the artist would succeed in the experiment. (Yes/No) 39. The artist used a ................. as the stand from which to leap into air? 40. (a) The artist's wings were not a total failure. (Yes/No). (b) . The wings did not help the artist to ............... ; but they helped him to .......... .

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. He had contrived many engines both of use and recreation. 2. By a wheel which was turned by stream, the water was forced into a tower by him. 3. From the tower, the water was distributed to all the apartments of the palace. 4. He erected a pavilion in the garden, the air around which was always kept cool by artificial showers. 5. Instruments of soft music were played by the impulse of the wind. 6. The artist was frequently visited by the Prince. 7. I have been told that respiration is difficult on lofty mountains. 8. I will try the first flight at my own hazard. 9. I shall begin my task tomorrow. 10. The art shall not be di vulged (by you). 11. Why should you envy others' so great an advantage? 12. All skill ought to be exerted for universal good. 13. Everyman ought to repay the benefits that he has received. 14. Even this valley might be violated by the sudden descent of the naked nations. 15. In a year, the wings were finished. 16. His wings sustained him in water. 17. The Prince drew him to land half dead.

III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1. Conversation in paragraphs 3 to 6. 2. Paragraph 7.


83

3. Paragraphs 8 and- 9. 4. Paragraphs 10 and 11.

IV. A. Fill in the blanks in the following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs or question words, as required: 1.

............. was the wheel turned? 2 ............. was the waterforced into? 3. : ........... was erected in the garden? 4 ............... is the element assigned to birds? 5 .............. flying more violent than swimming? 6. ... ... ... ...... you conceive how it is done? 7 .............. not breathing difficult on high mountains? 8 .............. not every man owe much to others? 9 ................ did the Prince promise? 10 ............ he any hope of success? 11. ............ did he fall? 12 ............. his wings of any use?

B. Form questions so as to get the italicized as answers: 1.

He is a mechanical engineer. 2. He had designed many engines. 3. The pavilion was erected in the garden. 4. The Prince honoured the artist. 5. Every animal has his element assigned to it. 6. Fish swim by nature; man can swim by art. 7. The earth's attraction diminishes as we mount higher. 8. In a year the wings were ready. 9. His wings were of use in water. 10. He did .not sink in water.

C. Add suitable question tags to the following: 1. He was an eminent person, ............. ? 2. It kept the air cool, ............ ? 3. The instruments played soft music, .............. ? 4. I'm of the same opinion, .............. ? 5. You tell me rather what you wish than what you know, ............. ? 6. Every animal has its assigned element, ................ ? 7. Fish swim by nature, ................ ? 8. All skill ought to be exerted for universal good, ............. ? 9. All men are not virtuous, ............. ? 10. The Prince has not much hope of success, ............. ? 11. The book was not ready, .............. ? 12. His wings were of no use in air, ............. ?

D. In the following conversation, make up suitable questions beginning with question words: Prince: ............. ? Artist: There is a lot of similarity between swimming and flying. Prince: ............. ? Artist: I say so because flying is swimming in air. Prince: ........... 7

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Artist: Of course, swimming in water makes one tired after sometime. Prince: ........... ? Artist: Naturally, flying :" more violent. Prince: ........... ? Artist: It is true that respiration is difficult at higher altitudes.

V. Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. . ............... (in, among, between) all the students in our class, there was not even one who could answer the question. 2. The art work was done ............. (from, with, by) my brother. 3. You tell me ............ (only, except, rather) the past than the future. 4. As we go ............ (far, farther, farthest), we find more enchanting scenes. 5. I .............. (fear, expect, hope) he is dead. 6. He designed it ................. (in, on, by, from) the model of the bat's wings. 7 . You must promise (to not, not to) reveal this secret. 8. All good suggestions ............... (can, ought to, may) be welcomed. 9. We ................ (resolve, have resolved, had resolved) to be honest. 10. Birds are .............. (violent, volatile, volant) animals.

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words from the list given below: [and, but] 1. He used both the wind ............... the stream for working various machinery. 2. He sleeps -in the office on working days ............... at home on holidays. 3. Of course, he is alright now; ................. I can't say what he becomes later. 4. We visited places of historic ............... cultural importance. 5. Your proposal is good; I fear it is not practicable. 6. I shall tell you the secret, ............... you must promise to keep it confidential. 7. They have helped us, ................. we ought to repay their kindness. 8. I shall go there; ............... of what· use would it be? 9. I promised my full support ............. waited for detailed instructions. 10. He spoke for more than ninety minutes, ............... every body listened with rapt attention.


85

VII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Where there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbIs: 1. Among the group was an old man who . ... .. ........ . ........... (work) as an engineer. 2. Mail is sorted at the delivery post office and . . . ..... ... ... then . .. .. .. ..... . (bring) by the postmen to our homes. 3. I am of the opinion that you ...... . .... . .. . unnecessarily ..... .. ... ... . .. . (waste) precious time.

4. I was disappointed because he ..... . ......... . . (say) nothing which I . . . . . . .... .. . .. not already .... .. .. . . ..... . .. (know). 5. He . ... ...... . ... . .. . . . ......... .. .... .. .... (tell) by everybody that you are the only person capable of solving the present crisis . 6. Nothing can . . ...... . ... . .. . ..... . ...... (do) if you go on raising one objection after another. 7. He ... ............. . .... , ... . .. .. (hel p) more than once, and it .. . ... .... . . . . . (be) my duty to help him now in his hour of need. 8. If)'Qu .... ........ .. .. (be) also interested, I shall gladly ...... ........ (take) some Sjzecial classes and ... . .... .. . ..... . ... (teach) you the essentials of grammar. 9. But what security is there if the guardians of law ..... . . . .. . . . (break) the rules they are supposed to enforce. 10. He waited for more than an hour, and then .. .. .. .. . .... (go) away.

VIII.

Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B: B

A

1.

(i) (i i) (i ii) (iv) (v) (vi)

engine recreation apartment pavilion showers impulse

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

tent, canopy a big force entertainment rain machine, appliance (f) room

2.

(i) (i i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

eminent tardy gross subtle wearied violent

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

tired famous, noted, distinguished slow intense fine (f) dense, thick

3.

(i) (i i) (i i i) (i v) (v) (vi)

lofty volant adaptable exerted universal furnished

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

flying applied provided, prepared general, applicable to all adjustable (f) high

86


4.

(i) migration (ii) security (iii) mart . (iv) passage (v) extremity (vi) hazard (vii) . promontory (viii) pinion

end risk, danger wing shop high rock projecting ontp the sea (f) travel . (g) safety (h) course.

5.


allure labour contfi ve resolve crowd .assign mount

(a) devise, invent (b) climb (c) move slowly (d) allot (e) tempt .(f) determine (g) work hard.

diminish conceive survey intervene attempt Jdivolge

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

6.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) .. ", (v) :.; ,.i'j' , '(vI) '

I

.'

~

"

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

be indebted decrease try observe support (f) understand (g) make public (h) speak in the middle.

(vii) owe ,.!: ''';'')(~iii) sustain ,j:: .",'/'

,}

... .

I.

1. c 2. use, recreation 3. c 4. an !!ngineer 5. Fan etc. (Mixie, Scooter, Radio, T.V., Record Player etc.) 6. flowing water, wheel, tower, all the rooms in the palace. 7. artificial rain 8. wind, stream 9. Prince 10. uneducated people,lazy·people 11. yes 12. air, wings 13. wish, know 14. (i) element (ii) air, water, earth (iii) nature, birds, fish, man 15 . nature, art 16. nature art. 17. water, air. 18 . swimming, flying 19. causes 20 . more 21 .. The earth's attraction 22. weight 23 . the earth's attraction 24. float, tendency to fall 25 . survey the earth safely, trace the course of rivers, examine the face of nature all over the earth. 26. T 27. Objections 28 . T 29. The wings of the bat, they have folding continuity 30. an year 31 . (i) . Yes (ii) No 32. The good of all 31. benefited, useful , prince 34. wicked people 'Would misuse it 35. misuse, sky 36. forts, mountains, seas 37. b 38 . Yes 39. rock projecting over the sea 40. (a) Yes (b) fly, swim .

II.

1. Many engines ............. recreation had been contrived by him. 2. By a wheel which the river turned, he forced the water into a tower. 3. From the tower, he (they) distributed the water to all .......... ... 4. A paxilion, around which artificial showers always kept the air cool was erected by him in the garden . 5. The impulse .. ,: .......... wind played .... ........... music . 6. The Prince.frequently visited the artist. 7. They tell me that respiration ............... 8. The first flight will be tried by me ............ 9. My task will be begun .......... .... 10 ................ advantage be !!nvied to others by you? 12. We ought to exert all skills for .......... .. 13 . The benefits that have been received ought to be repaid by every man. 14. The sudden ............ nations might violate even this valley . 15. In a year,


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he finIshed the wings. 16. He was sustained by his wings in water. 17. He was .drawn to land, half dead, by the Prince. III. 1.

One day he said to the Prince that he was of opinion .............. wings. The ............ . air were .............. open ................. needed crawl .............. The Prince doubted and said that he was afraid that he then told him what he wished than what he knew. Every animal had his .... , .......... had air .............. earth. The artist disagreed and said that if fish swam .............. man could by art. To swim was ................ to fly was ............... The Prince again expressed his doubt by saying that swimming made ..................... violent.

2.

The artist agreed that it was natural. Then he expressed the doubt that as they mounted higher .............. diminished .............. could float ............... He said to the artist that he could easily .............. amused a ............. other.

3.

The Prince said that all that was .............. But he had been told ............. was difficult .................. He feared .................. The artist intervened and said that nothing would be .................. overC0me. He would try .............. his own ............. he found .............. that model, he expected ................... But, he must ................. him to make ............... .

4.

The good Prince asked why he should .................. man owed ................. others. The artist returned that if all men were ............. he would gladly ........... . But, he asked what security .............. would have· ............... sky. Against ................. could afford...... ... ....... .

IV. A.

1. How 2. Where 3. What 4. Which 5. Is 6. Do (Can) 7. Is 8. Does 9. What 10. Has 11. Why (How, When, Where) 12. Are (Were).

B.

1. What is he? 2. What had he designed? 3. Where was the pavilion erected? 4. Who honoured ................ ? 5. What has every animal assIgned to it? 6. How do fish swim? How can man swim? 7. What happens to the earth's attraction as .............. ? 8. When were the wings ready? 9. Where were his wings of use? 10. Did he sink in water?

C.

1. was he not? 2. did it not? 3. did they not? 4. am I not? 5. don't you? 6. hasn't it? 7. don't they? 8. oughtn't it? 9. are they? 10. has he? 11. was it? 12. were they?

D.

Is there similarity .............. flying? ............... why do you say so? ............. . Doesn't swimming In water make one tire'd ............ ? ............ Is not flying more violent? ............. Isn't it true that .............. altitudes?

V.1. Among 2. by 3. rather 4. farther 5. fear 6. on 7. not to 8. ought to 9. have resolved 10. Volant. VI. 1. and 2. and 3. but 4. and 5. but 6. but 7. and 8. but 9. and 10. and. VII. 1. had worked 2. is ............... brought 3. are wasting 4. said, did .............. know 5. is being told 6. be done 7. has helped, is 8. are, take, teach 9. break 10. went. VIII. 1. (i) e (ii) c (iii) f (iv) a (v) d (vi) b. 2.

(i) b (ii) c (Iii) f (iv) e (v) a (vi) d.

3.

(i) f (ii) a (iii) e (iv) b (v) d (vi) c.

4.

(i) f (ii) g (iii) d (iv) h (v) a (vi) b (vii) e (viiI) c.

5.

(i) e (ii) g (iii) a (iv) f (v) c (vi) d (vii) b.

6.

(i) b (ii) f (iii) d (iv) h (v) c (vi) g (vii) a (viii) e.

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COMPREHENSION - 10: Read the following passage carefully, and answer the questions that follow: On the fifth day of the moon, which, according to the custom of my forefathers I always kept holy, after having washed myself and offered up my morning devotions, I ascended the high hills of Bagdad, in order to pass the rest of the day in meditation and prayer. There, I fell into a profound contemplation of the vanity of human life. 'Surely,' thought I, 'man is but a shadow, and life a dream.' (1) Whilst I was thus musing, I discovered on the summit of a rock not far from me, one in the habit of a shepherd, with a little musical instrument in his hand. As he played upon it, its sweet sound wrought into a variety of inexpressibly melodious tunes, made my heart melt away in raptures. (2) I had been often told that the rock before me was the haunt of a genius; and that several who passed by it, had been entertained with music but never before had he made himself visible. (3) I drew near him with that reverence which is due to a superior creature, and fell down at his feet. The genius smiled at me with a look of compassion and affability and lifted me from the ground. (4)

"Mirza," said he, "I have heard therein thy soliloquies; follow me!" (5) He led me to the top of the highest pinnacle of the rock. (6) "Cast thy eyes east ward," said he, "and tell me what thou seast!" (7)

"I see," said I, "a huge valley and a prodigious tide of water rolling through it." (8) "The valley thou seeist," said he, "is the Vale of Misery, and the side is part of the great tide of eternity!" (9) "What is the reason," said I, "that the tide I see rises out of a thick mist at one end, and again loses itself in a thick mist at the other?" (10) "You are seeing only that portion of eternity, which is called time measured out by the sun and reaching from the beginning of the world to its consummation. Examine now this stream that is thus bounded with darkness at both ends, and tell me what thou discoverest .in it." (11) "I see a bridge standing in the midst of the tide!" (12) "The bridge is human life; consider it attentively!" (13) I saw that the bridge consisted of more than three score and ten entire arches, with several broken arches, which added to those that were entire, made up the number to about a hundred. (14)


89

"Tell me further," said the genius, "what thou discoverest 'on the bridge." (15)

"I see multitudes of people passing over it. But several of them are dropping; through innumerable trapdoors lying concealed in the bridge, which open when they tread on them, and are disappearing into the tide below. The hidden pitfalls seem to be in larger number at the two ends of the bridge than in the middle. 1 find some who have almost reached the end falling down tired and spent with so long a walk." (16) "Concentrate on those who are at the middle of the bridge. Tell me what you see!" (17) "They seem to be very busy in the pursuit of baubles that glitter and dance before their eyes. When they are almost within reach ofthem, their footing fails, and down they fall and sink. Some others with scimitars in their hands seem to be dragging others towards trap doors. It is indeed a sad and horrible sight." (18) "Take thine eyes off the bridge, and tell me what you see in the sky above the bridge." (19) "I saw vultures, harpIes, ravens, cormorants, and such other carnivorous winged creatures hovering in the sky, and perching upon the middle arches." (20) "These," said the genius, "are Envy, Avarice, Despair, Lust and such other passions that infest human life." (21) 1 fetched a deep sigh. (22) "Alas," said I, "man was made in vain; how is he given away to·misery and mortality, tortured in life, and swallowed up ·in death!" (23) [Condensed and extracted from The Vision of Mirza By Joseph Addison.]

I.

Answer each of ·the following in a word, a phrase, or· a sentence, as required: . 1. The name of the narrator is ..... . . .. ....... . . 2. (i) He considered as sacred .•.. . ...... .: ... (ii) Because ..... . ...... ... . 3. He went to the hills to . .. ......... and .. . .. . . ...... . 4. He was thinking about ...... .. . ... . 5. 'Man is a but a shadow,' means (a) man's life is black (symbolizing sorrow) like a shadow (b) man's existence is not like a shadow· (c) man ' s existence is unreal like a shadow .

90


6 . (i) He saw a person dressed like ... ... .. .... . playing on a ......... .. ... . . (ii) The .. . . .... . ..... . produced by the musical instrument made the hearts of . : ..... ... .. ... melt with .. . .... .. . .. . 7. It was said that .. ... .. .. .. . .. ... visited the rock. 8. Many others ~ho .... ... ... .. .... had heard ... . .. . ...... ; but nobody had seen . .. . ... ... . .. . 9. Mirza was the first lucky person to see the genius. 10. Mirza approached the genius with fear/respect. (True/False) 11. The genius was a ..... . ...... ..... creature and deserved .. . ... . ..... .

12. Mirza prostrated before the genius. (Yes/No)

.13. The genius smiled at Mirza with ............. and ............. . 14. The genius had heard what Mirza ....... '.. .... , 15 . The genius led Mirza to ... .... . . . ...... . 16. The genius asked Mirza to look ......... .. . and to .......... . . 17 . Mirza saw (a) a valley (b) a stream (c) both. 18. There was . ...... . ..... at both ends of the tide. 19. The visible part of the tide represepted .. . .. .. .. .. . ..... time. (a) the past and the present (b) the present and the 'future (c) the past, present and future (d) only the present. 20.

(i) Eternity has neither ..... ......... nor ....... . .... . (ii) Time has ..... .. ..... and ... .. ... .. . (iii) We measure time by the apparent motion of the sun. (T/F) (iv) The sun measures only a part of eternity . (T/F) (v) The time measured by the sun extends between ..... . ... . .. . and .. . .. ... . .. . of the world.

21. Match the following: What Mirza saw (i) the huge valley (ii) the enormous tide

What it symbolized (a) time after the end of the world (b) time before the creation of the world

(iii) mist at one end of the tide

(c) time between the beginning and the end of the world

(iv) mist at the other end of the tide

(d) time without beginning and end

(v) visible portion of the tide

(e) misery

Unit -:-1 (Comprehension)

91

22. The symbolism behind what was seen was explained to .............. by 23.

(i) There was ................ across the tide. (ii) The bridge consisted of ............... complete arches and several ............... the total number of arches was ............... .

24.

(i) ............... were passing over the bridge. (ii) There were numerous ............... all along the bridge through which

25.

(i) There were more trap doors at the middle than at the ends of the bridge. (TIP) (ii) We commit more mistakes in our middle age than in our early and old age. (TIP) (iii) The strict discipline over a long earlier period makes some old people tired of discipline. (TIP)

26. Some who had reached almost the end of the bridge successfully, were seen ............. because of .................. . 27. Match the following: (i) bridge across the tide

(a) errors which bring premature death

(ii) total number of arches

(b) human life

(iii) entire arches

(c) usual life span

(iv) broken arches

(d) reduced life span

(v) trap doors

(e) full life span

28.

(i) People at the middle of the bridge were running after ............. things which ............ them. (ii) In their attempt to get hold of those things, they ............. .

29. Some holding ............ were dragging others towards ............... , 30. Match the following: (i) People at the beginning of the bridge

(a) worldly attraction

(ii) People at the end of the bridge

(b) wicked persons who ruin others

(iii) People at the middle of the bridge

(c) old people

(iv) Bright, attractive, but worthless toys

(d) wasting the gift of life

(v) Slipping and falling into the stream

(e) middle aged people

(vi) People with scimitars forcing others towards trapdoors

(f) young people

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31.

(1) Mirza saw many kinds of .............. in the sky above the bridge.

(ii) Most of them sat ............ of the bridge. (iii) They symbolized ............. Like ............ . .......... . and ............ which make human life wasteful. 32. The vision made Mira realize that (i) man's creation is ........... and (ii) his life is full of .......... . 33. Life ............ man and Death .......... him.

II. Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. I always kept the fifth day of the moon holy. 2. I discovered on the summit of a rock one in the habit of a shepherd. 3. I ascended the hills of Baghdad. 4. The melodious tune made by heart melt away in rapture.

5. I had been often told that the rock was the haunt of a genius. 6. I see a huge valley and a prodigious tide of water rolling through it. 7. You are seeing only a portion of eternity. 8. This stream is bounded by darkness at both ends. 9. Tell me what you see. 10. Some with scimitars are dragging others towards trapdoors. 11. I saw many kinds of carnivorous winged creatures hovering in the sky. 12. Man is tortured in life and swallowed up in death.

III. Report the following in Indirect Speech: 1. Paragraph 5 2. Paragraphs 7 to 13 3. Paragraphs 15 to 19 4. Paragraph 21' 5. Paragraph 23.

IV. A. Fill in the blanks in the following with suitable verbs, auxiliary verbs or question words as required: 1. ................ day was kept holy by Mirza? 2. . ............... did Mirza go to meditate? 3 ..... : ........ he in the habit of a shepard? 4. . ............. he have a musical instrument in his hand? 5'. . .............. made his heart melt? 6. . ............... many arches did the bridge have?


93

7 ............... they carnivorous birds? 8 ............... do you see in the sky? 9 ............... man made in vain? 10. . ............. they stepped on a trap door?

B. Frame questions so as to get the italicized words as answers: 1. He passed the rest of the day ill nlLditation. 2. They went near him. 3. The stream is bounded with darkness at both ends.

4. Trap doors lay hidden all over. 5. They were in larger number at the middle. 6. They are in pursuit of worthless objects. 7. It was a sad and horrible sight. 8. There is a thick mist at both ends. 9. They are now within her reach. 10. They are /lot within our reach.

C. Add suitable question tags to the following: 1. It was the fifth day of the moon, ............. ? 2. He always kept it holy, .............. ? 3. Mirza was praying to God, ............. ? 4. It was a haunted place, ............ ? 5. He had no compassion, ............... ? 6. I have heard that somewhere, ............... ? 7. Time is measured out by the sun, ............... ? 8. The bridge had many broken arches, ............ ? 9. Multitudes of people were passing over it, ............. ? 10. Man is not made in vain, ............... ?

V. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing one of the alternatives given in brackets: 1. His heart melted ............. (of, in, by) raptures. 2. We spent ............... (the day of the rest, the rest of the day, the rest day) in useful discussions. 3. Surely ............. (but life is, is life but, life is but) a dream. 4. Now you ............. (are seeing, is seeing, see) a picture of the great patriot. 5. The bridge that was washed away by floods .............. (consist of, consists of, consisted of) fifty arches.

94


6. I ................ (said, told to, said to) him that he was right. 7. Man is ................. (make, makes, made) in vain. 8. Don't take your eyes ................ (off, of) the screen. 9. We ran ................ (towards, to words, to wards, to wards) the well. 10. Passions should not be allowed to ............. (infect, infest, invest) your mind.

VI. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words from the list given below: [who, what, but, and] 1. Look at him .............. say if you can recognize who is. 2. We saw men ............... carried scimitars in their hands. 3. Tell him .............. you saw this morning. 4. There are some ............. have lost their everything. 5. It begins there .............. ends there. 6. He saw me, ............. could not recognize me. 7. I have heard of him, ............ have not seen him. 8. He ran towards me ............. shook my hands.

VII.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets, where there is more than one blank, fill the earlier with suitable auxiliary verbIs: 1.

I ............................................... (tell) that it was a great achievement.

2.

He came and ............. (fall) at my feet.

3.

I showed him that respect which ............... (be) due to elders.

4.

Go into the room and .............. (see) who ........................... (wait) for you.

5.

The trap doors opened when anybody ............. (tread) on them.

6.

I looked at those who ............. (be) in the front line.

7.

They say that they ............. (be) tired.

8.

They were .............. (brandish) swords and ............... . (kill) people mercilessly.

VIII. Match the words in List A with their meanings in List B:

A 1.

(i) custom (ii) forefathers (iii) meditation (iv) contemplation

B (a) (b) (c) (d)

thought twenty ancestors practice


95

(v) ( vi) (vii) (viii)

vanity summit habit score

(e) (f) (g) (h)

dress emptiness, futili ty thinking of God top

2.

(i) (ii) (i i i) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

rapture haunt genius reverence compassion affability soliloquy

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

pity, kindness respect talking to oneself courtesy, civility an unearthly spirit extreme joy, ecstasy place of visit

3.


pinnacle eternity harpy mist consummation arch multitude trap door

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

infinite time crowd summit curve invisible door completion , end condensed water vapour in air a mythical bird with a woman's body and face

4.

(i) (i i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

tide pitfall pursuit bauble scimitar raven cormorant envy

(a) jealousy (b) child's worthless toy (c) trap door (d) large black bird (e) a gluttonous bird (f) . short curved sword (g) stream (h) following, chasing

5.

(i) (i i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

avarice despair lust passion vain misery mortality torture

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

waste strong emotion subjection to death strong desires for pleasures infliction of severe pain loss of hope unhappiness greed of gain

6.

(i) (i i) (iii) (i v) (v)

holy profound wrought prodigious bounded

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

enormous, huge sacred enclosed worked, formed deep, great

96


7.

8.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix)

entire innume rable concealed spent off carni vorous

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

muse cast tread concentrate glitter drag hover perch infest

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(f)

(f)

(g) (h) (i)

flash eating away from hidden full, complete exhausted, tired countless shine sit think deeply, ponder fly about walk trouble pull throw focus attention

1.

I. Mirza 2. (i) the fifth day of the moon (ii) his forefathers did so. 3. meditate. pray 4. the wastefulness of human life 5. c 6. (i) a shepherd. a little musical instrument (ii) melody. people. joy 7. a genius 8. passed by the rock. sweet music. the singer 9. True 10 Respect II. Superior 12. Yes 13. Kindness. courtesy 14. Was saying to himself 15. the top of the hill 16. towards the east. tell him what he saw 17. c 18. thick mist 19 . c 20. (i) beginning. end (ii) beginning. end (iii) True (iv) True (v) beginning. end 21. (i) e (ii) d (iii) b (iv) a (v) c 22. Mirza. the genius 23. (i) a bridge (ii) more than seventy. broken arches. about a hundred 24. crowds of people. numerous. lying hidden 25. (i) False (ii) False (iii) True 26. Falling down. exhaustion (tiredness) 27. (i) b (ii) e (iii) c (iv) d (v) a 28 . (i) useless attracted (ii) slipped and fell into the tide 29. swords. trapdoors 30. (i) f (ii) c (iii) e (iv) a (v) d (vi) b. 31 . (i) birds (ii) at the middle of (iii) strong wicked desires. jealousy. greed. despair. lust 32. (i) a waste (ii) misery 33. tortures. swallows. .

II .

I. The fifth ............. moon was always kept holy by me. 2. One ............. shepherd was discovered by me on ............ rock. 3. The hills of Bagdad were ascended by me. 4. My heart was made to melt ............. rapture by the ........... tune. 5. They had often told me that ............ genius. 6. A huge ...... ...... : it were seen by me . 7. Only a .............. . eternity is being seen by you. 8. Darkness bounds the stream at ................. 9. Tell me what is seen by you. 10. Others are being dragged ................ trap doors by some . II. Many ............ creatures were seen hovering .............. sky by me. 12. Life tortures man and death swallows him up.

III.

I.

He said to (told) Mirza that he had heard him in his soliloquies and asked him to follow him.

2.

He asked me to cast my eyes ............. and teU him what I saw. I said that I saw a huge .............. it. He said that the valley I saw was the Vale .... ........ tide was part ............. eternity . I asked him what the reason was that the tide I saw rose out of ....... ...... . again lost itself .............. other. He replied that I was seeing only ............... was called .. .... ........ consummation. He asked me to examine then that stream that was thus .............. and to tell him what I discovered in it. I said


97

that I saw a ............... tide. He said that the bridge was ,human life and asked me to consider it .............. . 3.

The genius asked me to tell further what I discovered on ............ I said that I saw multitudes ............. them were ................. trap doors which were lying ................ which opened ............ were disappearing ............. pitfalls seemed to be ........... middle. I found some who had ............. walk. He asked me again to concentrate ................... who were .............. bridge and asked me to tell him what I saw. I said that they seemed to be ............ that glittered and danced ............... they were ............... footing failed ............... they fell and sank ................ hands seemed ............... It was mdeed ............. sight. He then asked me to take my eyes off ............... and to tell me what I saw ............. bridge.

5.

The genius said that those were Envy, ........... that infested human life.

6.

I exclaimed with sorrow and said that man was ................. He was very much given away ............. , was tortured .............. and was swallowed .............. ..

IV. A.

1. Which 2. Where (When) etc. 3. Was (Is) 4. Did (Does) 5. What 6. How 7. Were (Are) 8. What 9. Is (Was) 10. Have (Had).

B.

1. How did he pass the .............. ? 2. Where did they go? 3. With what is the stream bounded at .............. ? 4. What lay hidden ................ ? 5. Where were they in ............... ? 6. What are they ............... of? 7. What kind of sight was it? 8. What is there at both ends? 9. Within whose reach are they now? 10. Are they within our reach?

C.

1. Wasn't it? 2. didn't he? 3. wasn't he? 4. wasn't It? 5. had he? 6. haven't I? 7. isn't it? 8. hadn't it? 9. weren't they? 10. is he?

V. 1. in 2. the rest of the day 3. life is but 4. are seeing 5. consisted of 6. said to 7. made of 8. off 9. towards 10: infest. VI. 1. and 2. who 3. what 4. who 5, and 6. but 7. but 8. and. VII. 1. had been telling 2. fell 3. is 4. see, is waiting 5. trod 6. were 7. are 8. brandishing, were killing. VIII. 1. (i) d (ii) c (iii) g (iv) a (v) f (vi) h (vii) e (viii) b. 2. (i) f (il) g (iii) e (IV) b (v) a (vi) d (vii) c. 3. (i) c (ii) a (iii) h (iv) g (v) f (vi) d (vii) b (viii) c. 4. (i) g (il) c (iii) h (iv) b (v) f (vi) d (vii) e (viii) a. 5. (i) h (ii) f (iii) d (iv) b (v) a (vi) g (vii) c (viii) e. 6. (i) b (ii) e (iii) d (iv) a (v) c. 7. (i) d (ii) f (iii) c (iv) e (v) b (vi) a. 8. (i) c (ii) h (iii) e (iv) I (v) a (vi) g (vii) d (viii) b (ix) f.

UNIT - II

GENERAL ENGLISH 1. Change of Voice A. ACTIVE TO PASSIVE Look at these sentences:

S

V

o

We

see

him

He

is seen by us

Active Voice Passive Voice

In the first sentence, the action is 'seeing.' The doer of the action is the subject, 'WE.' The doer of the action is given prominence in Active Voice, and is written at the beginning of the sentence. In the second sentence also, the action is 'seeing.' The doer of the action is NOT the subject 'he.' Here, the action of seeing is done 'to the subject.' The person or thing on which (or, to which) action is done is given importance in Passive Voice: and is written at the beginning of the sentence.

NOTE: that 'the object of the verb' in 'active voice' becomes the 'subject of the verb' in passive voice. Evidently, only transitive verbs (i.e., verbs having an object) can be put into passive voice sentences with intransitive verbs can not be put into passive voice (we can not change the voice of sentences like: 'Birds fly,' 'He is a good boy,' 'I went very early' etc.). Personal pronouns (except 'you' and 'it') change their form when they change their position from that of the subject to that of the object: Subject: I

We

You

He

She

It

They

Object:

Us

You

Him

Her

It

Them

Me

Unit -II (General English)

99

The passive of an active sentence is formed as follows: 1.

The object of the verb in the active sentence is made the subject of the verb in the passive sentence.

2.

The subject of the verb in the active sentence is made the object of the preposition 'by' in the passive sentence.

3.

The verb is always put in the Past Participle Form in the passive sentence. It is prefixed by the verb 'to be' in the same tense as that of the verb in the active voice.

The following table illustrates the process: (See on next page)

NOTE the use of 'being' in the passive voice of continuous tenses. The Passive form of Future Continuous and Modals ill Continuous is only of theoretical interest. It is more avoided than used.

Change of voice of sentences having both Direct and Indirect Objects: Look at the following sentences: I shall tell you (10) stories (DO).

I shall tell stories (DO) to you (10). Putting the question, 'What' on the verb, we get the direct object, 'STORIES.' Putting the question, 'To whom' on the verb, we get the indirect object, 'You.' The 'To' preceding the Indirect object is understood when the Indirect Object precedes the Direct Object, but when the Indirect object is put after the Direct object, 'to' must be mentioned. Either of the two objects can be made the subject of the Passive verb, the other being retained without change, as follows: Stories will be told to you by me. You will be told stories by me.

(When the Indirect Object is retained in the Passive voice, it is preceded by to). Here are more examples:

Active: He gives you a cDde-word. Passive: (i) A code word is given to you by him. (ii) You are given a code-word by him.

Active: I sent him a warning. Passive: (i) A warning was sent'to him by me. (ii) He was sent a warning by me.

Active: He has shown you the way. Passive: (i) The way has been shown to you by him. (ii) You have been shown the way by him.

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Tense

S

V

0

S

V

Simple Present

He

sees

me

I

am seen

by him

Or

They

want

us

We

are wanted

by them

Present Indefinite

She

does n't like

him

He

is not liked

by her

They

do not make

mistakes

Mistakes are not made

by them

Simple Past

She

saw

us

We

were seen

by her

Or

They

Wanted

him

He

was wanted

by them

Past Indefinite

He

did not invite

me

I

was not invited

by him

I

did not call

you

You

were not called

by me

Simple Future

I

shall eat

mangoe.s

Mangoes will be eaten

Or

They

will not accept

it

It

will not be accepted

by them

Future Indefinite

He

will call

me

I

shall be cl!lled

by him

They

will not trouble

us

We

shall not be troubled

by them

Modals

I

may/might need

them

They

may be/might be needed

by me

In

You

can not/could not help

him

He

can not be/could not be helped

by you

Simple Tense

She

must/ought to obey

me

I

must be/ought to be obeyed

by her

0

by me

Active Voice

Passive Voice 0 me

S

He

V is watching

I

V am 'being' watched

I

am not consulting

him

He

is not 'being' consulte by me

She

is not realizing

her mistakes

are not 'being' Her mistakes realized

by her

They

are taking

measurements

Measure- are 'being' taken ments

by them

Past

She

was painting

a box

A box

was 'being' painted

by her

Continuous

I

was not imitating

them

They

were not 'being' imitated

by me

They

were not following

me

I

was not 'being' followed

by them

She

was seeking

your guidance

was 'being' sought Your guidance

by her

Future

You

will be helping

the poor

The poor will be 'being' helped

by you

Continuous

I

shall be writing

letters

Letters

will be 'being' written by me

They

will not be assisting

us

We

shall not be 'being' assisted

We

shall not be continuing

this discussion

This dis- will not be 'being' cussion continued

Tense

S

Present Continuous

0 by him

by them by us

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Tense

S

V

0

S

Modals

You

must be practicing

These

In

I

can be meeting

She

Continuous Tense

He

Present Perfect

He She They I He J You I I They

might not be knowing has seen has not liked have advised have not made had seen had watched had not invited had not heard shall have seen will not have accepted will have reached will not have eaten

these regularly her often hereafter the truth me him us mistakes her them him the news her your proposal Bombay your breakfast

I He We Mistakes She They He The new~ She Your proposal Bombay Your breakfast

Past Perfect Or Pluperfect

Future Perfect

She You

The truth

V must be being practiced can be being met by me might not be being known have 'been' seen has not 'been' liked have been advised have not been made had been seen had been watched had not been invited had not been heard will have been seen will not have been accepted will have been reached will not have been eaten

0 by you of ten hereafter by him by him by her by them by me by him by me by me by me by me by them by her by you


103

Active: They had told her lies. Passive: (i) Lies had been told to her by them. (ii) She had been told lies by them.

Active: I put her three questions. Passive: (i) Three questions were put to her by me. (ii) She was put three questions by me.

NOTE: You can see that, forming passive voice using the Indirect Object and retaining the Direct Object, is the more elegant of the two.

Change of Voice of Imperative Sentences Sentences expressing commands (orders) or requests are called Imperative Sentences. The subject of an imperative sentence is always you, and it is understood. It is made understood in the passive voice also. Study the following examples: 1.

(You) Shut the door (Active) Let the door be shut (by you)(Passive)

2.

Switch on the lights (Active) Let the lights be switched on (Passive)

3.

Do not call him (Active) Let him not be called (Passive)

4.

Please help her (Active) Let her be kindly helped (Passive)

5.

Please invite him (Active) Let him be kindly invited (Passive)

[Note the use of 'let,' 'be' and 'kindly']

Change of Voice of Interrogative Sentences Study the following examples, carefully: 1.

Did she tell his name? (Active) She did tell his name. She told his name. His name was told by her. Was his name told by her? (Passive)

2.

Do you want a book on grammar? (Active) You do want a book on grammar. You want a book on grammar. A book on grammar is wanted by you . . Is a book of grammar wanted by you? (Passive)

104


3.

Does she bring flowers? (Active) She does bring flowers. She brings flowers. Flowers are brought by her. Are flowers brought by her? (Passive)

4.

Have they seen that film? (Active) They have seen that film. That film has been seen by them. Has that film been seen by them? (Passive)

5.

Can you explain the reason? (Active) You can explain the reason. The reason can be explained by you. Can the reason be explained by you? (Passive)

6.

Is he not giving details? (Active) He is not giving details. Details are not being given by him. Are not details being given by him? (Passive)

7.

Who gave you my address? (Active) By whom were you given my address? (Passive)

Change of Voice of Complex Sentences Study the following examples carefully:

1.

They SAY that you LIKE music. They SAY it (THAT) you LIKE music. It IS SAID by them (THAT) music IS LIKED by you. It is said (Understood by them) that music is liked by you.

2.

I HAVE GIVEN you a book which GUIDES you well. I HAVE GIVEN you a book (WHlCH)=(IT) GUIDES you well.

You HAVE BEEN given by me a book. You ARE GUIDED well by it (=which). You HAVE BEEN GIVEN by me a book by which you ARE GUIDED WELL. 3.

These articles WERE WRITTEN when the author HAD BEEN PUT into prison. These articles WERE WRITTEN ('by the author' understood) (WHEN) the author (=He) HAD BEEN PUT into prison (by them). The authol WROTE these articles (WHEN) they HAD PUT (the author) him into prison. The author wrote these articles when they had put him in prison.

Unit-II (General English)

105

4. Though he AGREED to my proposal orally, the letter of consent HAS not yet BEEN SENT by him. (THOUGH) He AGREED to my proposal orally, the letter of consent HAS not yet BEEN SENT by him. (THOUGH) My proposal WAS AGREED to by him orally, He HAS not yet SENT the letter of consent. Though my proposal WAS AGREED to by him orally, he has not yet sent the letter of consent. 5. The woman EXPECTED THAT SHE WOULD BE HELPED by somebody. The woman EXPECTED (IT)(THAT) SHE WOULD BE HELPED by somebody. It WAS EXPECTED by the woman (THAT) somebody would help her. It was expected by the woman that somebody would help her.

6. He CONTACTED me after they SAW my' sister. He CONTACTED me (AFTER) they SAW my sister. I W AS CONTACTED by him (AFTER) my sister WAS SEEN by them. I was contacted by him after my sister was seen by them.

7. You MUST CLEAR the dues before I SIGN your T.C. You MUST CLEAR the dues (BEFORE) I SIGN your T.e. The dues MUST BE CLEARED by you (BEFORE) your T.C. is SIGNED by me. The dues must be cleared by you before your T.C. is signed by me. 8. I GAVE HIM time which was not UTILISED by him. I GAVE HIM TIME (WHICH)(=IT) WAS not (UTILISED) by him. He WAS GIVEN by me time (WHICH) he DID NOT UTILISE IT. He was given by me time which he did not utilise. 9. He THOUGHT that she HAD TAKEN his watch. He THOUGHT (IT)(THA T) she HAD TAKEN his watch. It WAS THOUGHT by him (THAT) his watch HAD BEEN TAKEN by her. It was thought by him that his watch had been taken by her.

10. How HE HAS MADE money IS KNOWN by all. (HOW) He HAS MADE money. (IT) is known by all. (HOW) Money IS MADE by him. All KNOW it. All know how money has been made by him.

106


Identification of Voice Study the following table carefully: Auxiliary "erb

Special

Shall/WIll Has/have

Form of Auxiliary verb

Tense main verb

Voice

Present or (1" form) Past or (2 nd form) Present or (1" form) Past participle or (3'd form) do

Simple present

Active

Simple past

Acl1ve

SImple future

Active

Present perfect

Active

Past perfect

Has/have/had

been

Had Shall have/ Will have Shall have/ Will have Am/is/are Was/were Shall be/will be Amlis/are Was/were Shall be/will be Amlis/are

been

do do

Past perfect Future Perfect

Passive Active PassIve Active

been

do

Future perfect

Passive

being being being

do do do do do do Present participle or (4'h form) do do

Present conl1nuous Past contInUOUS Future continuous Simple present Simple past Simple future Present continuous

Passive Passive Passive PassIve Passive PassIve Active

Past continuous Future continuous

Active Active

Was/were Shall be/Will be

Note the following points: 1.

There are no special auxiliary verbs in Active Voice.

2.

The MAIN VERB is always in the 3rd (Past Participle) form.

3.

The same auxiliary verbs are used both in the active and passive in each of the three perfect tenses and in each of the three continuous tenses.

4.

The special auxiliary 'been' identifies the passive in the three perfect tenses.

5.

The special auxiliary 'being' identifies the passive in the three continuous tenses.

6.

The forms of the verb 'to be' are used as auxiliary verbs in (i) Active Voice of the three continuous tenses (ii) Passive voice of the three continuous tenses, and (iii) Passi ve voice of the three simple tenses. Whereas in case (i) the verb is in the 4th form (present participle form) in cases (ii) and (iii) the verb is in the 3 rd form (past participle form). Whereas in case (ii) we have the special auxiliary 'being' there is no special auxiliary in case (iii).

Ullit -II (General English)

107

7.

There are no auxiliary verbs in the active voice of simple present and simple past.

8.

The main verb is in the root form (or present form, or }'I form) in the active voice of both simple present and simple future. The auxiliaries shall/will identify the simple future.

9.

The main verb is in the 2 nd form (or past form) only in the active voice of simple past form.

Use of Passive Voice Passive voice should be used with discretion. It should be used only when

0) the person or thing acted upon is more important than the doer of the action. Example: The tragic news was received just now. ['Receipt of the news,' is important; 'who received the news' is so unimportant that it is not at all mentioned]. Similarly, Results had been put on the notice board. [Who puts the result on the notice board is of no importance] (ii) The doer of the action is unknown. Example: Tolstoy's works have been translated into many languages. [We don't know the details regarding who have translated into which languages] Similarly 0) Each composition of Sri Purandara Dasa has been sung in many ragas. (iii) The drama had been staged more than a hundred times. (By whom? When? etc. are not known) (iv) The doer of the action is too obvious. Example: Curfew has been reimposed in the disturbed areas. The case was adjourned at the request of the defence counsel. All are cordially invited.

B. Transformation from Passive to Active 1.

The object of the preposition BY in the passive sentence is made the subject of the verb in the active sentence.

2.

The subject of the verb in the passive sentence is made the object of the verb in the active sentence.

3.

The sense of the verb in passive"is determined by noting the auxiliary verb and the special auxiliary verb. It is then put into the relevant active form.

The understood word forming the object in the Passive Voice is supplied, and made the subject of the verb in the Active Voice.

108


EXERCISES Exercise-I: Change the voice of the verb in the following sentence: 1.

She loves me. 2. I hate him. 3. We don't like sweets. 4. We don't want your sympathy. 5. We invited her. 6. She answered all the questions very well. 7. He did not accept his guilt. 8. I did not beg him for anything. 9. I shall bring some spare copies. 10. He will not allow you into his room. 11. She will insult you. 12. We shall not eat It. 13. He may need your help. 14. I could not save the drowning child. 15. You must obey my order. 16. He has recorded his opinion. 17. The President has not given his concurrence. 18. My brother had not taken up the responsibility. 19. We have not yet collected the necessary data. 20. I had not seen that film. 21. I shall have cleared my debts before long. 22. Who might have done this mischief? 23. He could n't have solved the problem without somebody's help. 24. You are wrongly blaming an innocent person. 25. I am watching her progress. 26. He is not telling the truth. 27. You are taking a great risk. 28. I was teaching grammar. 29. They were not following the rules. 30. The teacher gave me many useful hints. 31. We have given them full support. 32. She has told me everything. 33. The people gave their leader a grand welcome. 34. I asked him just one question.35 Open the windows. 36. Do not disturb me. 37. Please bring that book. 38. Please do not tease the helpless animal. 39. Did you know that gentleman earlier? 40. Does he care for my advice? 41. Do you need any help? 42. Have you answered all the questions? 43. Can you calI him a leader? 44. Was she not practicing music? 45. Why did you bring it here? 46. Where can I find him now? 47. Which questIOns did you answer? 48. What reasons have they given? 49. When do you meet her? 50. How can you avoid the loss? 51. We know that he can teach any subject well. 52. I have shown you a method which was shown to me by my teacher. 53. This book was purchased when I was learning the fundamentals of photography. 54. Though I have helped him often, he did not help me at the hour of my need. 55. I thought that he would immediately tender his resignation. 56. This booklet explains how one can do it. 57. They wiII announce the results. 58. We are receiving more details about the accident. 59. They have dismissed him from service. 60. They "filmed that movie long ago.

Exercise-2: Give the expansion of the following captions. Also give the voice of the verb in each sentence: 1. Ammunition found in the bus. 2. Driver killed as lorries collide. 3. Gold worth 76 lakhs seized. 4. Seventy feared dead in a ferry mishap.


J09

Exercise-3: Read the following report and fill in the blanks using the appropriate voice of the verbs given in brackets: Water used for drinking purposes must be pure as impure water can cause infection. Therefore, water 1 (must, purify) . Purification of water l. (do) in various stages. The bulk of water available} (collect and store) in a reservoir allowing the suspended impurities to settle down. It 1. then 1. (pump) to a filtration plant where a series of purification steps ~ (carry out). Water thus purified Q (know) as potable water. It 1 (can, use) for drinking and cooking purposes.

Exercise-4: Observe the use of passive here. Can you put down more such familiar uses of the passive voice in various texts? 1. This programme was brought to you by ............. .

2. This song is sponsored by .............. . 3. Smoking is prohibited. 4. Trespassers will be prosecuted.

Exercise-5: Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: 1. He took off the bullet-studded belt.

2. He hung it upon a wall-hook. 3. He took out several coins to pay me for my services. 4. Charles Kingsley described science as making nasty smells in a laboratory. 5. Many people criticized Louis Leakey for selecting an untrained young woman. 6. The razor had to be handled masterfully. 7. Jews were prosecuted by the regime. 8. I gave this bit of news to my companion. 9. The hotel had been pulled down some weeks ago.

10. Australia was plagued by strikes.

Exercise-6: Fill the blanks in the sentences below using the verbs given in their passive form: 1. Jane Goodall wanted to go to the game reserve at Kigoma, but she ... .. .......... (tell) not to go alone. 2. She had to choose a companion to go with her, so her mother ..... ......... . (choose). 3. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzee behaviour and she ............ (recognize) as the leading authority on the subject. 4. When she first arrived in Tanzania, she .. ..... ....... hardly ............. . (prepare) for the tasks ahead.

110


5. Louis Leakey appointed Jane Goodall to work with him, but he . .. ... .. . ... . (critisize) for appointing an inexperienced person. . 6. But soon Leakey ... .. ... . .. .. ..... (convince) that Jane wanted to work with him. 7. She . .. .. . ... .... . ..... (amaze) because she had no academic qualifications. 8. She could discover new insights into animal behaviour because her mind .; . .. .. .. . .. not ... ........... (clutter) by scientific theory. 9. A chimpanzee makes many sounds, which .. . ............. (interpret) by other chimps to mean different things.

10. Jane Goodall ........ . .... . . (fascinate) by the similarities in social behaviour of man and chimps . 11. When Jane Goodall came to Kigoma, she .... ........ . . .. (greet) by the Africans. 12. Jane Goodall ...... . ...... .. .. . now ........ . .. . .... (recognize) as the leading authority on chimpanzee' behaviour. 13. Louis Leakey at first .. . ... .. .. ... .. .. (criticize) by many people for his selection of Jane Goodall. 14. Jane Goodall had learnt short hand and typing, so she . .. ... .. .. ......... . (offet) a job as Louis Leakey ' s secretary and assistant. 15 . In Jane Goodall ' s research, the initial period of fear and hasty retreat ... . ..... ... ... . (follow) by a period of aggression and hostility. 16. Chimpanzees use calls to contact members who ......... .. .. .... (scatter).

Exercise 1 I. I am loved by her. 2. He is hated by me. 3. Sweets are not liked by us . 4. Your ......... .. . ... is not wan ted by me . 5. She was invited by us. 6. All the answers were answered by her very well. 7. His guilt was not accepted by him. 8. He was not begged by me for anything . 9. Some spare copies shall be brought by me. 10. You will not be allowed by him into his room. II . You will be insulted by her. 12. It will not be eaten by us .

Unit-lI (General English) 13. Your help may be needed by him. 14. The drowning child could not be saved by me. 15. My order must be obeyed by you. 16. His opinion has been recorded by hIm. 17. Concurrence has not been gIVen by the PresIdent. 18. The responsIbility had not been taken up by my brother. 19. The necessary data has not yet been collected by us. 20. That film had not been seen by me. 21. My debts will have been cleared by me before long. 22.

By whom might this mischief have been done?

23. The problem cound n't have been solved by long. 24. The problem could have been solved by him without somebody's help. 25. An innocent person is wrongly blamed by you. 26. Her progress is being watched by me. 27. The truth is not told by hIm. 28. A great risk is being taken by you. 29. Grammar was being taught by me. 30. The rules were not bemg followed by them. 31. Many useful hints were given to me by the teacher. 32. They have been given our full support. 33. Everythmg has been told to me by her. 34. Their leader was given a grand welcome by the people. 35. He was asked just one question by me. 36. Let the windows be opened. 37. Let me not be disturbed. 38. Let that book be kindly brought. 39. Kindly let not the helpless ammal be teased. 40. Was that gentleman known by you earlier? 41.

Is my advice cared for by him?

42. Is my help needed by you? 43. Have all the questions been answered by you? 44. Can he be called a leader by you? 45. Was not music being practiced by her? 46. Why was it brought here by you? 47. Where can he be found by me now? 48. Which questions were answered by you? 49. What reasons have been given by them? 50. When will she be met by you? 51. How can the loss be avoided by you?

111

112


It is known by us that any subject can be taught by him well.

53.

A method which my teacher had showed me has been shown to you by me.

54.

I purchased thIs book when the me.

fund~mentals

of photography was being learnt by

55. Though he has been helped by me often, I was not helped by him at the hour of my need. 56.

It was thought by me that the resignation would be immediately tendered by him.

57. How

It

can be done IS explained by this booklet.

58. The results will be announ ced. 59. More details ............. accident are being received. 60. He has been dIsmissed from service. 6l. That novel was filmed long ago.

Exercise 2 l.

AmmunitIOn was found In the bus. Or Ammunition has been found in the bus.

[PassIve Voice]

2.

The driver was killed as lorries collided. [Passive Voice]

3.

Gold worth 76 lakhs was seized. Or Gold worth 76 lakhs has been seized. [Passive Voice]

4.

Seventy are feared dead In a ferry mishap. [Passive VOIce]

Exercise 3 1.

must be purified. 2. is done. 3. is collected and stored. 4. is ............ pumped. 5. are carned out. 6. is known. 7. can be used.

Exercise 4 1.

The news, read by ................ .

2.

Prizes for meritorious students are awarded by The Rotary Club, Malleswaram, Bangalore.

3.

The programme is sponsored by HMT.

4.

Late comers will be punished.

5.

Copying during tests and exams is prohIbited.

6.

Admission will be closed by 12 noon.

7.

Temperature of the patIent is recorded.

8.

Dogs are not allowed.

Exercise 5 1.

The bullet studded belt was taken off by him.

2.

It was hung up on a wall hook by him.

3.

Several coins were taken out by him to pay me for my servIces.

4.

Science was described by Charles KIngsley as makIng nasty smells In a laboratory.


113

5. Many people were criticized by Louis Leakey for selecting an untrained young woman. 6. One had to handle the razor masterfully. 7. The regime persecuted the Jews. 8. This bit of news was given by me to my companions. 9. They had pulled down tbe hotel some weeks ago. 10. Strikes plagued Australia.

Exercise 6 1. was told. 2. was chosen. 3. was recognized. 4. was prepared. 5. was critised. 6. was convinced. 7. was amazed. 8. was not cluttered. 9. are interpreted. 10. was fascinated. 11. was greeted. 12. was recognized. 13. was criticized. 14. was offered. 15. was followed. 16. are scattered.

1J4


DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT [REPORTED] SPEECH In Direct Speech, we repeat the SPEAKER'S exact words. Example: He said, "1 !lave passed in first class." These words are placed in between inverted commas, and a comma is placed immediately before the commencement of those words. Those words together form a separate sentence beginning with a capital letter. Direct Speech is found (i) in conversation in books, (ii) in dramas, and (iii) in quotations. In Indirect (or Reported) Speech, we report what the speaker said without using the speaker's exact words. Example: He said that he had passed in first class. In conversation, we usuaIIy use Reported Speech to convey what others said, though we may put it in Direct Speech for a more dramatic effect. Some changes necessarily take place while changing speech from Direct to Indirect. The important rules governing those changes are given below:

A. Change of Speech of Statements 1.

When the introductory verb (say, teII, remark, etc.) is in the present, present perfect, or future, there need be no change in the reported statement.

Example: He says/has said/will say, "The show is/was/will be/has been/had been (etc.) postponed." 2.

When the introductory verb is in the PAST TENSE, as it often happens to be, the foIIowing changes take place in the verb in the reported statement.

(i) Simple Present changes to Simple Past. Example: 1. I said, "He COMES on Mondays." I said that he CAME on Mondays. 3.

"We want freedom," they 'cried. They cried that they wanted freedom.

4.

She said to him, "I prefer coffee to tea." She told him that she preferred coffee to tea.

(H) Present continuous changes to Past continuous.

Examples: 1.

The boys explained, "We are practicing since three days." The boys explained that they were practicing since three days.

2.

The teacher remarked to me/to her/to them (etc.) "You are not attending the classes regularly." The teacher remarked to me/to her/to them (etc.) that I/she/they (etc.) was/were not attending classes regularly.

Unit-l/ (General English)

3.

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The captain announced to us/them, "My team is playing a match against yours next week. The captain announced to them/us that his team was playing a match against ours/theirs the coming week.

(iii) Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect.

Examples: 1.

I said to him/her, "I have completed your work just now." I told him/her that I had completed his/her work just then.

2.

You said to me/my friend, "I have not met your father." You told me/my friend that you had not met my/his/her father.

3.

He told me/us, "I have decided to meet your brother tomorrow." He told me/us that he had decided to meet my/our brother the next day.

(iv) Simple Past changes to Past Perfect.

Examples: 1.

My friend said to me, "I saw your brother in the railway station this morning." My friend told me that he/she had seen my brother in the railway station that morning.

2.

We/They told the Principal, "Some of us/them came to meet you yesterday at this hour. We/They even waited for about an hour. You did not turn up at all." We/They told the Principal that some of us/them had come to meet him/ her the previous day at that hour. We/They had even waited for about an hour. He/She had not turned up at all.

3.

She complained to her husband, "I phoned to your office twice. Nobody cared to answer the call. I felt very angry at the indifference of your staff." She complained to her husband that she had phoned to his office twice. Nobody had cared to answer the call. She had felt very angry at the indifference of his staff.

(v) Past Continuous changes to Past Perfect Continuous.

Examples: 1.

Pushpa said to Rekha, "At this hour the day before yesterday, I was waiting for your message." Pushpa told Rekha that at that hour two days before she had been waiting for her message.

2.

I said to Mr.Murthy/Mrs.Murthy, "you were unnecessarily wasting your precious time the whole of yesterday morning."

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I told Mr.Murthy/Mrs.Murthy that he/she had been unnecessarily wasting his/her precious time the whole of the previous morning. 3.

She said to her broL!1er angrily, "I was trying my best to save you from disgrace when you were engaging yourself in the most disgraceful activities, a week ago." She told her brother angrily that she had been trying her best to save him from disgrace when he had been engaging himself in the most disgraceful activities a week before.

(vi) 'Shall' used with 'first person' changes to 'would,' while 'shall' used with 'second and third person' changes to 'should.' Examples: 1.

I said to her, 'I shall come tomorrow.' I told her that I would come the next day.

2.

He assured me, "I shall meet you the day after tomorrow." He assured me that he would meet me after two days.

3.

She told him, "I shall listen to your sister's programme over the AIR next week." She told him that she would listen to his sister's programme over the AIR the following week.

4.

The Pincipal said to the student, "You shall bring your parents tomorrow; and they shall give me an undertaking in writing." The Principal told the student that he/she should bring his/her parents the next day, and that they should give him/her an undertaking in writing.

5.

The officer ordered, "All the employees shall remain in their seats during working hours." The officer ordered that all the employees should remain in their seats during working hours.

(vii)Past Perfect and Past Continuous do not change. Examples:

1.

The Chairman remarked, "We had discussed this issue in the last meeting also." The Chairman remarked that they had discussed that issue in the previous meeting also.

2.

She said to them, "when we are studying in High School, our teachers were teaching us grammar rigorously." She told them that when they were studying in High School their teachers were teaching them grammar rigorously.

(viii) Would, should, could, might, ought and must do not change.


117

Examples: 1.

He/She said to me, "I would help you if I could." He/She told me that he/she would help me if he/she could.

2.

They demanded, "you should pay the advance immediately." They demanded that I1she/he should pay the advance immediately.

3.

I suggested to him/her, "you might try another easier method." I suggested to him/her that he/she might try another easier method.

4.

They advised me, "you ought to come early." They advised me that I ought to come early.

5.

I said to her, "you must be ready by the time I come. I told her that she must be ready by the time I came.

(ix) This and These become That and Those.

Examples: 1.

My sister declared, "This/these is/are not real." My sister declared that that/those was/were not real.

2.

"This was not expected," he said, "These are some of the things which are beyond our control." He said that that Cit) had not been expected. Those were some of the things which were beyond their control.

(x) This, These, That and Those used as Adjectives change to The.

Example: 1.

I told her, I got this book/that book/these books/those books for your brother. I told her that I had got the book/books for her brother.

(xi) This, That, These, and Those used as pronouns become It, They/

Them. Examples: 1.

He agreed, "This/That is a fine idea." He agreed that it was a fine idea.

2.

I agreed, "These/Those are, after all, minor issues. Therefore, we shall not make much of these/those." I agreed that they were, after all minor issues. Therefore we would not make much of them.

NOTE the following points: 1.

'Said' remains 'said,' 'told' remains 'told,' but 'said to' becomes 'told' in indirect speech.

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2.

The following 'reporting verbs' are commonly used in reported speech: admit, agree, allege, announce, argue, ask, assure, boast, claim, complain, confess, convince, debate, declare, deny, disagree, exclaim, explain, foretell, hint, indicate, inform, insist, inquire, maintain, mention, notify, persuade, pray, predict, proclaim, promise, remark, remind, report, say, state, suggest, swear, teach, tell, threaten, warn, wonder, etc.

3.

The conjunction 'that' is placed immediately after the introductory verb, in Indirect Speech. But, it is not essential, and is often omitted.

Examples: 1.

He said, "I have seen you somewhere." He said that he had seen me somewhere.

2.

She said,

"nu father came here a week

ago.

She said (that) her father had come there the previous week (or a week before).

4.

Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases of time change as follows:

Today-that day, yesterday-the previous day, (or, the day before), the day before yesterday-two days before (or earlier), tomorrow-the next day (or the following day), next week/year-the following week/year, last week/year-the previous week/year, a year/week etc.; ago-a year/week etc. before (or the previous year/ week etc.).

B. Change of Speech of Questions 1.

'Wh' -questions

Examples: (i) He said (to me), "when is your father coming?'

He asked melinquired (me)/wanted to know (from me) when my father was coming. (ii) 1 called her and said. "Where is your father? And, what is he doing?" 1 called her and inquired where her father was, and what he was doing. (iii) The teacher said (to me), "where have your friends gone?" The teacher wanted to know (from me) where my friends had gone. (iv) I said to one of them, "What is going on here? Why has such a big crowd gathered?" 1 asked one of them what was going on there, and why such a big crowd" had gathered. (v) She asked herself, "Why has my husband not yet come today? She wondered why her husband had not yet come that day.

NOTE: 1.

The introductory verb 'say' is changed to a verb of inquiry: ask, inquire, wonder, want to know etc.


119

2.

No conjunction Uoining word) is placed after the changed introductory verb instead the question word follows the introductory verb.

3.

The interrogative word order changes to the assertive word-order, and therefore the question mark is omitted in Reported Speech.

4.

The tenses, pronouns, possessive adjectives and adverbs of time and place change as they do in statements (assertions).

2.

'Yes-oroNO' Questions.

Examples: 1.

I said: "Are there any late comers today?" I asked/inquired/wanted to know if/whether there were any late comers that day.

2.

He said to me, "Do you know that you have failed in all subjects?" He asked me if/whether I knew that I had failed in all subjects.

3.

She said (to me), "Have you not yet applied for the job? Which is the prescribed last date for its submission? She inquired whetherlif I had not yet applied for the job and wanted to know which the last date for its submission was.

4.

I said, "Are you now satisfied? Or, is there still any doubt in your mind? I asked if/whether he/she was then satisfied, or if/whether there was still any doubt in his/her mind.

NOTE: 1.

The introductory verb 'say' is changed to a verb of inquiry; ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.

2.

'If' or 'whether' is placed after the introductory verb as the joining word.

3.

The interrogative word order changes to the assertive word order and therefore the question mark is omitted in the Reported Speech.

4.

In requests, the 'please' in the Direct Speech is changed to kindly in Reported Speech and is placed before the joining word 'to,' when not written it is understood.

C. Change of Speech of Exclamations Examples: 1.

Everybody said: "what a dreadful incident?" Everybody exclaimed/said that it was a (very) dreadful incident.

2.

I said, "How lucky you

~!"

I exclaimed/said that he/she/they was/were very lucky. 3.

The children cried, "Oh! What a beautiful bird!" The children exclaimed with surprise/joy/wonder (and said) that it was a (very) beautiful bird.

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4.

She said, "Ugh! How nasty it is!" She exclaimed with disgust (and said) that it was (very) nasty.

5.

He said, "Oh God! How shall I convince them!" He exclaimed with shock/diffidence etc. (and said) that he could not convince them.

NOTE: 1.

Before putting into Indirect Speech, the exclamatory sentence is transformed into an assertive sentence and then the change of speech is done as in the case of statements.

2.

Words of exclamation like 'Oh!,' 'Ugh!,' 'Oh God!' etc. are explained and rewritten as: He/She/lt/They/We/I etc. exclaimed with wonder/surprise/disgust/shock/diffidence/worry/confidence/courage etc.

D. Change of Speech of Statements with Yes/No Examples: 1.

When I said "Do you know her?" he said, "Yes," "when I asked him whetherlif he knew her, he said/replied that he did (=did know i.e., knew). When he said. "Have you any suggestion to give?" I said, "No." When he asked me whetherlifl had any suggestion to give, I said/replied that I had none/no suggestion (to give).

2.

He said to me "Shall we start?" I said, "Yes." He asked me whether we could/might start. I agreed [that we could/might (start)].

3.

I said, "Will you come with me?"

He/Sh~/They

said, 'No. '

I asked him/her/them if/whether he/she/they would come with me. They disagreed/refused/did not agree. [to come (with me)].

E.

Change of Speech of Commands and Requests

Examples: 1.

I said to my brother, "Go and post this letter immediately and bring five post cards." I told my brother to go and (to) post that letter immediately and to bring fi ve post cards.

2.

The Principal said to the peon, "circulate this memo among the staff." The Principal ordered the peon to circulate that memo among the staff.

3.

The Minister said "Set up immediately a high-power committee to look into the matter." The Minister ordered to set up immediately .............. .

4.

The Police Officer said to the robber, "Don't move. If you do, I shall shoot you down."


121

The Police Officer commanded the robber not to move. If he did, he would shoot him down. 5.

The inspector said to his assistants) "Let no one touch the body." The inspector ordered (his assistants) to allow no one to touch the body .

6.

The Commissioner said, "Let the order be kept in abeyance. The Commissioner ordered to keep the order in abeyance .

7.

The old man said, (to them) , "Plea;;e permit me to sit." The old man begged/requested (them)(kindly) to permit him to sit.

8.

I said (to them), "please give me another chance." I begged/requested (them)(kindly) to give me another chance.

9.

The beggar said (to them) "please have pity on me, and give me something to eat. The beggar prayed/requested (there)(kindly) to have pity on him and to give him something to eat.

NOTE:

F.

1.

The introductory verb 'said' is changed to a verb of command/request: told (for mild commands), ordered, commanded, begged, requested, prayed etc . .

2.

"to" is placed after the introductory verb as the "Joining Word."

3.

Don't is changed to, 'not to,' and 'let' is changed to 'to allow .'

4.

In requests, the ~ in the Direct Speech is changed to kindly in Reported Speech, and is placed before the joining word 'to,' when not written (expressed) it is understood.

Change of Speech of Sentences beginning with "address."

Examples: 1.

The teacher said, "Boys, let us take rest b.e.rs;, for a few minutes ." The teacher addressed the boys and proposed that they should take rest there for a few minutes.

2.

"Friends," said the old man to ~. "I welcome you to Feel yourselves at home here."

~

poor cottage.

The old man addressed/treated/considered us as (his) friends and said that he welcomed us to his poor cottage. He asked/wanted/desired/proposed/wished us to feel ourselves at home there. 3.

"You are wrong, my dear," she said to her husband, "Mr.Dixon is a good man ." She told her dear husband that he was wrong and that Mr.Dixon was a good man.

4.

"What are you doing, my dear friend?" the teacher said, "why do you waste precious time like this?"

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I said, "Respected Sir, Is not solving crossword puzzles an exercise to the brain?" The teacher addressed me lovingly as his dear friend and asked me what I was doing and why I wasted precious time like that. I asked him respectfully whetherlif solving crossword puzzles was not an exercise to the brain. 5.

"Stand up,you idiot," I said. "Don ' t you see who has come?" I calIed him/her an idiot, ordered him/her to stand up, and asked him/her/ whetherlif he/she did not see who had come.

Exercise 7 Rewrite/Report the following in Indirect Speech A.

1. Let me tell you, "You have wasted much time, and you are also wasting precious time."

2.

They say, "We don ' t know anything."

3.

She has told me, "I have waited long enough. I can not wait any longer."

4.

They wiJI say, "You have not done your duty."

5.

The auditor has remarked, "The accounts have not been maintained properly."

B.

1. He said, "I am not able to work inthis atmosphere."

2.

I said to her, "This is just a beginning. There is much more to come."

3.

She said, "I do not know who he is . I prefer not to enter into any more disputes."

4.

"We know how.to do it," the children said. "He wants your co-operation. He has a lot of regard for you."

5.

"He is indeed a nice gentleman," 'my father said. "He wants your cooperation. He has a lot of regard for you."

C.

1. "We are having a nice time here," he said.

2.

"I am not doing anything illegal ," I argued.

3.

She is studying in the Final B.Com. class. She is residing in the Ladies Hostel." Her father explained.

4.

He said to me, "We are not leaving this town tiJI the end of next month. But it is true that we are looking for a better lodge."

5.

"He is doing something important," his brother said.

D.

1. "We have taken the decision," the Chairman announced.

2.

"Somebody has come to see you," my wife said. "He has brought a big packet.'"


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3.

"I have not given any assurance," he declared. "In fact I am afraid, I have discouraged him."

4.

"She has asked me to convey her respects," I said to the old man.

5.

"I have seen you somewhere," she said, "but I am unable to remember where."

E.

1. "He gave it to me yesterday," I said to her. "He asked me to pass it on to you today."

2.

"I warned you. But you went your own way," she said.

3.

I bought it for a hundred rupees last month. I sold it for hundred and fifty last week. My friend who bought it from me would sell it for two hundred next week," she said.

4.

"I went to meet him yesterday morning. He was busy. I went again at noon. Even then he was not free," he said.

5.

"I reached the railway station at 6.55 a.m. The train left at 6.56. I just managed to get into the last compartment of the moving train," she boosted.

F.

1. "I was sitting in the parlour. I"was reading a novel," he said to the Inspector, "when I heard the shots."

2.

"We were watching the T.V. yesterday night when the dacoits were looting our neighbours," she said with a deep sigh.

3.

"The car was moving very fast when its brakes failed," I said.

4.

"You were trying to put the blame on her, while she was doing her best to cover up your faults," I said to him.

5.

"I was preparing a draft on the lines indicated by you," he said to me.

G.

1. "I shall find out his secret," she declared.

2.

"We shall issue a reminder to him," the manager assured me.

3.

"You shall remain .here till I come," I said to my friend.

4.

"He shall not come with me," I said with determination.

5.

"I shall look into the matter," the officer promised.

H.

1. "We had completed the preliminaries earlier this week," the secretary explained.

2.

"When I was working in that firm, I was getting a very meager salary," I said to my new boss.

3.

"I would not stand in your way," he said to me. I shall help if I could.

4.

"You should give them some definite reply," my wife advised me.

5.

"He might come any moment. You ought to have come earlier," he said to his assistant.

I.

1. I said to my brother, "This is not for you to decide. These should be left to our e,lders to discuss and conclude."

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2. "This decision can not be changed," he said firmly. 3.

"That objection is over ruled," the magistrate declared.

4.

"These proofs are unnecessary. Those gentlemen have full faith in us" he assured them.

J.

1. He said to me, "What is your brother? Where is he working? When is he expected here?'

2. I called his brother and said, "Where did your brother go just now? How can you help me to contact him? Have you got a phone? Or is there a phone nearby?" 3.

I said to her, "Can you suggest any alternative? Which do you thmk IS the safest course? Whose version is to be believed? Why are you not evincing enough interest in this matter?"

4.

"Whose mischief was it? What happened to your sister?" I asked him.

S.

"Have I not given my opinion? Don't you know how prompt I am in such matters? Why do you doubt everybody?" he said to her.

K.

1. The secretary said, "Send this circular immediately to the concerned sections. Call for a meeting of all the section superintendents this afternoon."

2.

I said, "Put off the main switch. Send somebody to bring the doctor. Apply this ointment on the burns."

3.

The Policy Chief said, "Block all the roads that lead out of the city. Alert our security staff in the Airport and Railway Station."

4.

"Please excuse me for the delay," I said. I missed the bus and countn't get an auto."

S.

"Please allow me in," the old woman said, "I want to see my son being honoured."

L.

1. He cried; "What a shame!"

2.

They shouted, "Hurrah! We have won the match."

3.

"Alas! I have lost everything," she said.

4.

"Good God!" she cried, "How shall I show him my face?"

S.

"Oh! What a wonderful place this is!" we said.

M. 1. "Do you know who I am?" he said. "No," I said shaking my head. 2. "Are you a citizen of India?" I said. "Yes," he replied, "and I am proud of it." 3.

"Do you love me?" he asked, "No," she said flatly.

4.

"Have you any doubts?" the professor asked. "Yes, in plenty," the students shouted.

S.

"Did you call me?" I asked. "No, why should I?" he said.-


125

N.

1. The teacher said to me, "Dear boy, remember that honesty and sincerity bring you success in all endeavours."

2.

The minister said to the sage, "Oh respectable old man, please accept our hospitality and be our honoured guest."

3.

"Have you come for your money, Mr.Newton? I was just about to send it," said Tony.

5.

"Tell me, my dear," he said, "How do you like to go on a long tour?"

6.

"Which rascal do you mean, Daddy? You know so many," she smiled.

Exercise 8 I.

Rewrite the following using Indirect Speech A.

1. Raja said, "I have bought a new Suzuki Samurai ."

2.

The director told the press, "The annual examination will begin on 8 th April."

3.

"Please grant me leave for a day," the clerk said to the manager.

4.

The student said to the librarian, "Can I borrow books whenever I need them?"

5.

Sudha said, "How many books can I borrow now?"

B.

1. "Of course," said Gortsby, "the weak point of your stody is that you can't show me the soap."

2.

The girl said, "I'm getting down at Saharanpur. My aunt is meeting me there."

3.

He said, "They told me that you'd kill me . I came to find out. But killing is n't easy. You can take my word for it."

4.

"Why don't you look out of the window?" she asked. "Have you noticed?" he ventured, "that the trees seem to be moving while :ve seem to be standing stil\?" 'That always happens," she said. "Do you see any animals? Hardly llny animals left in the forests near Dehra."

5.

Victoria: "What have you got your coat off for, father?" Henry: "Mother and me are going to bring grand father's bureau down ." Victoria: "Are we pinching it before Aunt Elizabeth comes?" Henry: "No, my child, grandpa gave it to your mother before he died."

II. Given below is an extract of a discussion in a meeting. How would

you report about the discussion? Managing Director: "Now, item 4, the ' Desk Diary' software package. This is not good news, we have as you all probably know." Marketing Manager: "I don't know what happened."

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Managing Director: "Well, briefly, we got the rights to sell the .'Desk Diary' package, so we put a big advertisement for it in "Business India'quoting a price of Rs.29.99 thousand but it should have been Rs.49.99 thousand." Vice President: 'That is not important-but what have we done about it?" Managing Director: "Well, fortunately we were able to change the advertisement before it was published anywhere else, and 'Business India' put a correction in their next edition-But we have a problem-What do we do with the orders that enclosed Rs.29.99 thousand?" Vice President: "Surely we send apology letters and tell them we made a mistake. But that wouldn't do our reputation much good, would it?"

Exercise 7 A.

1. Let me tell you that you have. , .. .. .. ........ 2. They say that they don ' t ... .. . .. ... ... . . 3. She has told me that she has waited .............. She can not wait ............... 4. They will tell you that you have not ... ... .... .. ..... 5. The .. .. ... ..... remarked that the accounts have not ............... .

B.

I. He said that he was not able ... . .. : ..... .. that ............... 2. I said to (told) her that it.wasjust ................. there was ......... ....... .. 3. She said that she did not know ... . .......... he was. She preferred not ..... ............ 4. The children said that they knew .................. It was ............... it required ................. 5. My father said that he was .. . ................. He wanted my ...... .... .... .... He had a ................. . ~~ .

-

C.

I. He said that they were having .............. ..... there. 2. I argued that I was not ................. 3. Her father explained· that she was ................. She was ............ . 4. He said to me that they were not leaving that town ... . .. .... . . .. . the coming month. But it was true that they were .......... ..... .. .. 5. His brother said that he was

D.

1. The Chairman announced that they had .... ............. 2: My wife said that somebody had come .. .... ........ He had ......... ...... 3. He declared that he had not given ...... .. .... . Infact, he was .................... he had ..... : ....... ... 4. I told .. .. ...... .,' ... . man that she had ................. me to ...... ...... ..... 5. She said that she had seer( me ...... .. ....... .. but she was ................ .

E.

I. I said to her that she had given it ............... the previous day. He had asked me to .......... ... .. to her that day. 2. She said that she had warned me . But I had gone my own way. 3. She said that she had bought it .... ...... ..... the previous ........ ...... .. She had sold it ................. the previous week . Her friend who had bought it from her would ..................... the coming week. 4. He said that he had gone to meet him the previous day morning. He had been busy. He had gone again at noon. Even then he had not been free . 5. She boasted that she had reached .............. had left ............... She had just managed ............ .

F. ·

1. He said to the Inspector that he had been sitting . .......... .. he had heard. 2. She ... ... ...... .... that they had been ...... ....... The previous night when ....... ...... .. had been their ............ .. .. . 3. I said that the car had been ... ................ had failed.


127

4. I told him that he had been .................. she had been doing .............. his faults. 5. He said to me that he had been preparing .................. by me. G.

1. She declared that she would ................. 2. The ................ me that they would ................. 3. I told my friend that he should remai,n ............... I came. 4. I said ................ that he should ................ me. 5. The officer ............... that he would

H.

1. The secretary explained ~hat they ................ that week. 2. I told my .......... .. that when I had been workmg in that firm, I had been gettmg ................. 3. He said to me that he would ............. my way. He would help me if he could. 4. My wife ............. that I should .............. 5. He saId ............. that he might. He ought to have ................ 6. I advised ............. that we must stay there

I.

1. I told my brother that it was not for him ............. those .............. our leaders ................ 2. He ............ that that decision could not .............. 3. The magistrate declared that the objection was overruled. 4. He .: ................. that those proofs were ............... had full .............. them.

1.

1. He asked me what my brother was, where he was ................ and when he was ... '" ......... there. 2. I ............ and asked where his brother went just then, how he could ............. contact him, whether he had got a phone, or whether there was a phone nearby .. 3. I asked her whether she could suggest ............... , which she thought was the ................. , whose versIOn was ................ , al1d why she was not ............... that matter. 4. I inquired him whose .............. it had been and what had happened to his sister. 5. He asked her whether he had not given his ............. , whether she did not know ................ he was .............. and why she doubted .............. ..

K.

1. The secretary ordered them to send that circular and to call for ............. That afternoon. 2. I advised them to put off ............... , to send ............... and to apply that .............. 3. The police chief ordered to block and to alert their ................ 4. I requested him (them) kindly to excuse me ............ I had missed ................. 5. The old woman requested them kindly to allow her in. She wanted to see her son.

L.

1. He exclaimed that it was a great shame. 2. They exclaimed with joy that they had ................. 3. She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost .............. 4. She exclaimed with sorrow and wondered how she would show him her face. 5. We exclaimed and said that it was a very wonderflll place.

M.

1. He asked me whether I knew who he was. Shaking my head I said that I didn't. 2. I asked him whether he was a citizen of India. He replied that he was and added that he was proud of it. 3. He asked whether she loved him. She replied flatly that she didn't. 4. The professor asked whether they had any doubts. The students shouted that they had in plenty. 5. I inquired whether he called me. He said that he didn't and asked why he should.

N.

1. Addressing me as dear boy, the teacher advised me to remember that ......... '" .... . brought me. 2. Addressing the saga as respectable old man, the mInister requested him kindly to accept their hospItality and to be their ............. 3. Tony asked Mr.Newton whether he had come for his money and said that he was just .............. . 4. He addressed his dear wife and asked her to tell him how she liked to .............. . 5. She addressed his dear wife and asked her to tell him how she liked to ............. . 6. She addressed her daddy and asked him smilingly which rascal he meant and added that he knew so many.

128


Exercise 8 I.

Rewrite the following using Indirect Speech:

A.

1. Raja said that he had bought a new Suzuki Samurai.

2.

The director told the press that the annual examination would begin on 8'h April.

3.

The clerk requested the manager to grant him leave for a day.

5.

The student asked the librarian whether he could borrow books whenever he needed them.

6.

Sudha wanted to know how many books she could borrow then.

B.

1. Gortsby said that with certainty the weak point of hIS story was that he could not show him the soap.

2.

The girl saId that she was gettmg down at Saharanpur and her mother was meeting her there.

3.

He said that they told him that he (person addressed) would kill him (speaker), and so, he came to find out. He went on to say that he could take his word for It that killing was not easy.

4.

She asked him why he did not look out of the window. He ventured to ask her whether she notIced that the trees seemed to be moving while they seemed to be standing still. She said in reply that that always happened. He asked her whether she saw any anImals for there were hardly any anImals left in the forest near Dehra.

5

Victoria asked her father (Henry) what he had got his coat off for; Henry, the father, replied thdt he and her mother were goin'g to bring grand father's bureau down, VIctoria then went on to ask her father whether they were pinching the bureau before Aunt ElIzabeth came. Henry, the father, said to his child that they were not pmching it, for her grandpa gave it to her mother before he died.

II.

Given below is an extract of a discussion in a meeting. How would you report about the dISCUSSIon?

A meeting, m which the Managmg DIrector, the Marketing Manager and the VIce President participated, was held to discuss Item 4, the "Desk DIary" package, and the unfortunate mIstake that was made. The bad news had probably reached all When the Marketing Manager said he did not know what had happened, an explanation was offered by the Managmg Director. He said that having got the rights of selling the "Desk Diary" package, an advertisement was inserted in "Business India," quoting by mistake a price of Rs.29.99 thousand instead of Rs.49.99 thousand. The Vice President intervened to say the important point was what had been done about it. The Managing Director went on to say that fortunately a correction was made in the advertisement before it was publIshed anywhere else, and Business IndIa put a correction in their next edition. But still there was a problem. Concerning the problem of what should be done with orders that enclosed Rs.29.99 thousand, the suggestIOn was made by the Vice President that letters should be sent giving the correct amount and apologIzing for the mistake. He, however, had to admit that even an apology would not do then reputation any good.


129

3. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Interrogative sentences ask questions: They are of the following types:

1.

Questions formed by the transformation of statements or YES/NO Questions (a) Sentences with the verbs 'to be' and 'to have': Examples: Statement

Question

1.

I am a teacher.

Am I a teacher?

2.

He is not poor.

Isn't he poor? Is he not poor?

3.

She was the leader.

Was she the leader?

4.

They were not cheap.

Weren't they cheap? Were they not cheap?

5.

He/She/It 'has' no friends.

6.

I/We/You/They have not his guidance.

Has he/shelit no friends?

Have I/We/You/They not his guidance? Haven't IlWe/You/They his guidance? 7.

I/We/You, They/He/She/It had an advantage. Had I1We/You/They/He/She/1t an advantage?

[Note: Statements with the present and past forms of the verbs 'to be' and 'to have' are transformed into questions by inversion of the positions of the subject and the verb. In questions, the verb comes first and the subject next]. (b) Sentences with other verbs:

Examples: Do I1W elY ou/They come regularly?

1.

I/We/You/They come regularly.

2.

He/She/It comes (=Does come) of ten. Does he/she/it come often.

3.

I/We/You/He/She/lt/They went (=did go) regularly. Did IIW elY ou/He/She/lt/They go regularly?

[Note: The help of the auxiliary 'to do' is taken to form questions (and negatives) in simple present and simple past tenses]. I come - I do not (don't) come-Do I come? Do I not come? I went - I didn't go-Did I go? Did I not go? He sees - He does not (doesn't) see. Does he see? Does he not see?

130


Some more Examples: We go (=do go) there everyday. Do we go there every day? He met (=did meet)

~er.

Did he meet her?

She practices (=does practise) well. Does she practise well? [Note: The Inversion is between the subject and the auxiliary verb. The main verb is in the root form (present form) when it is preceded by auxiliary verbs].

(c) Sentences in tenses other than simple present and simple past In all tenses other than Simple Present and Simp-Ie Past, the verb is preceded by auxiliary verbs as follows:

Shall and will in Simple future. Has and have in Present Perfect. Had in Past Perfect. Shall have and will have in Future Perfect. Am, is and are in Present Continuous. Was and were in Past Continuous. Shall be and will be in Future Continuous. Questions are formed by Inversion between the subject and the aUJ:Ciliary verb. The main verb remains unchanged in the same form as in the statement. Examples: 1.

I shall go home. Shall I go home?

2.

He will stay there. Will he stay there?

3.

She has given her consent. Has she given her consent?

4.

We have agreed to go. Have we agreed to go?

5.

I had not met him. Had I not met him?

6. We shall have seen her. Shall we have seen her? 7. They will have come by now. WiII they have come by now? 8. I am going there. Am I going there? 9. He is not coming with us. Is he coming with us? 10. They are solving a puzzle. Are they solving a puzzle? 11. The dog was barking. Was the dog barking? 12. They were not sleeping. Were they not sleeping? 13. We shall be standing. Shall we be standing? 14. They will be laughing. Will they be laughing? NOTE: All these questions are called Yes/No questions because we can say Yes No in answer to them. 2.

OJ

Questions beginning with Question Words or Wh-questions or Information Questions.' Question wo~ds are of three kinds.

Unit -/I (General English) 1.

131

Interrogative Pronouns: What, who, which, whom and whose.

2.

Interrogative Adjectives: What, which, whose.

3.

Interrogative Adverbs: Where, when , why and how.

Examples: 1.

'What does he want to study? (He)

2.

Who is practicing music? (He/She)

3.

Which is your bag? (It/That)

4.

Whom did he select? (HimlHer/Them)

5.

Whose was that car? (His/Her/Their)

4.

Which subject has he chosen for specialization? What reason did you give? Which book do you want? Which method did you adopt? Whose pen is this? Whose application was rejected?

5.

Where was this found? [Adverb of place) Where have they gone? When did you meet him? [Adverb of time) When was he elected? Why are you worried? [Adverb of reason) Why has she not come? How can you do it? [Adverb of manner) How do they know me? . How fast is it? [Adverb of degree) How pretty was she?

Note: The part of the sentence following an Interrogative adverbs an Yes/No Question. 6.

When the subject or a part of the subject of the statement contains the required ariswer or information [i.e:, the question is directed towards the subject], then the question word just replaces the subject or part of the subject.

Examples: 1.

Dr.Ambedkar had a tough time during his childhood . Who had tough time during his childhood?

132


2. Geetha posted the letter. Who posted the letter? 3. The Principal announced the results. Who announced tl;e results? 4. Five hundred passengers died in the train accident. How many passengers died in the train accident? 5. That person is mad. Which person is mad? 6. That is the right answer for the question y.ou asked. Which is the right answer for the question I asked? 7. Honesty is the best policy during the hour of crisis . Which is the best policy during the hour of crisis? 8. The frock is blue in colour. What is blue in colour? 9. The book written by him reflects good old days. What reflects good old days ? 10. Pollution causes uneasiness. What causes uneasiness? 7 . ., When a preposition governs the interrogative, it is placed at the end of the question in spoken English: 1.

She will go to Mysore. Where wiII she go to?

2.

Geetha quarreled with Sita. Who did Geetha quarrel with?

3.

We are worrying about the results . What are we worrying about?

Exercise 9

I.

Convert the following statements into questions by inversion:

A.

1. I am a student of this college. 2. He is very rich. 3. They are not nice. 4. He was very angry. 5. We were not late. 6. You are not responsible for . the loss . 7. She is not active enough . 8. It was not usefuL 9. They were not interested. 10. My clothes were dirty.

B.

1. She has enough money. 2. He has many advantages. 3. It has its own importance. 4. We have a lot of experience. 5. They have a.great respon-

Unit -1/ (General English)

133

sibility. 6. He had nobody to advise him. 7. We had not expected such an end. 8. I have no chance to go there. 9. He has some message for us. 10. She still has some doubts. C.

1. I go to Mysore once a week. 2. We find nothing useful there. 3. They want some information. 4. He comes every Monday. 5. We know all the details. 6. He goes out angrily. 7. She comes late everyday. 8. It gives very good mileage. 9. The boy seems to be innocent. 10. The dog pounced on the stranger.

D.

1. We shall now tabulate the results. 2. He will not confess the truth. 3. She has not seen me. 4. He had not given his consent. 5. He is studying well. 6. I am not a member of this club. 7. They are all my friends. 8. He was depending on you. 9. They were not carrying any luggage. 10. My parents will be arriving soon. 11. I can come earlier. 12. He may not come today. 13. She must not be invited. 14. He might help us if he minds. 15. We should not allow this. 16. They were punished for no fault of theirs. 17. He is not interested in politics. 18. We have not yet received the invitation. 19. All comforts will be provided free. 20. They will not be allowed to enter. 21. He has been arrested for cheating. 22. They are being treated at the emergency ward. 23. We have not been consulted. 24. You have been informed in advance. 25. They had been warned well in time.

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable words 1.

............. your father at home now? 2 .............. I not allow to speak? 3 ............... they also invited today? 4 ................. He not your enemy once? 5 .................. happy at any time? 6 ................ he any friends these days? 7 .............. he any property? 8 .............. we enough money to continue this project? 9 ............... you any experience of this type of work earlier? 10 ............. you anything to say before we conclude? 11. .............. there any message for me? 12 ............. she of any help to them? 13 ................ they any lucky yesterday? 14 . ............... we not enough funds? 15 ............... there many mistakes? 16 ................. We go there every day? 17 ................... you lift that load? 18 .............. he allow me any choice? 19 ................ you give an example? 20 ................ he understand our language? 21. ................. you know what time it is? 22 ............... he come late even today? 23 ............... we not commit any mistake? 24 ............. .. it matter any longer? 25 ............... we miss anything important?

III. Fill in the blanks with suitable question words 1.

............ do you reside? 2 ................. did you meet her? 3 ............. . can I believe such a person? 4 ................. is the pen I had kept here? 5 . ........ ...... does he want? 6 ................ book is this? 7 ............... . colour do you like most? 8 .................. is oxygen prepared on a large scale? 9 ............ are the constituents of that compound? 10 ............. .. do you want to meet? 11. ............. Did you take this decision? 12 . ................. is his room? 13 ................. question did you omit and ................. ? 14 ................. Gave you permission to open the lock?

134


15 ............... is the head of this section? 16 ............... do you find deposits of manganese? 17 ............... is our National Antham? 18. '" .......... Do you reach Delhi if you go by this train?'19 ............ '" has my friend gone? 20 ............. was there such a crowd? 21. ............. . did it happen? 22 ................. is her name? 23 ............. is blood red in colour? 24 ................. are the uses of chlorine? 25 .............. do you know about polymers?

IV. Frame questions to ge the underlined word or words as the answer 1. She bought a ticket for me. 2. That part of the building is leaking. 3. He missed a century by two runs. 4. Manoj fell down as the ground was slippery. 5. You have only Rs.50/- in your bank account. 6. John is as strong as a horse. 7. The team reached Hubli in the morning. 8. I have left the luggage in the cloak room. 9. They will consult the best doctor. 10. Children carry books in bags.

V. Fill in the blanks of Coloum A with appropriate question words. Column B has short answsers for them. Question

Statement

1. ............. does the train leave for Dehradun? In about five minutes. 2 .............. saw you off at Rohana?

My uncle

3. . ............ do you go from here?

Lake Manas

4. . ............ will you go to the airport?

By taxi or auto

5 .............. do you prefer, auto or taxi?

Taxi, of course

6. . ............ do you prefer a taxi?

Because it is more comfortable

7 .............. would you contact for a taxi?

Any travel agent

8. . ............ did the auto driver behave?

Rather rudely

9 .............. does it take to reach Lake Manas?

May be six hours

10 ............. is Ladakh from here?

About 400 kms

11. . ........... should you pay for the flight?

Thousand rupees

12 ............. letter of introduction are you carrying?

My friend's

13. . ........... persons can this aircraft accommodate?

About 400, anything more?

1L1

........••.

reall'y is the trouble with you?

It's you.


135

Exercise 9 I.

A. 1. Am I a .. .... .... . ? 2. Is he .... ........ . ? 3. Are they ... .. .. ....... ? 4. Was he .. .. .. ........ . ? 5. Were we ........ ...... ? 6. Are you ...... .. .. .. : .. ? 7. Is she .... ........ . ? 8. Was it .. .... .. .... :. ? 9. Were they .......... ... ? 10. Were my .... .... .. ... ?

B.

1. Has she .. .... .... .. ? 2. Has he any .... .. ..... ? 3. Has it .......... . ? 4. Hav~we .. .. ...... .... ? 5. Have they .... .. .. .... ? 6. Had he .... .......... ? 7. Had w,f! .... ......... ? 8. Have I .. .. .. .. ...... ? 9. Has he .. .. .... .. ..... ? 10. Has she still .. .. .. ....... ?

C.

1. Do I go .. .... .... .. . ? 2. Do we find .... .. .. .. .. ? 3. Do they want .... .... .. .. . ? 4. Does he come .... .. .. ........ ? 5. Do we know .... .... ..... ? 6. Does he go .... ...... ... ? 7. Does she come .. .. .... .... .. .... ? 8. Does it give ........ .. .. .. .. ? 9. Does the boy seem .......... ..... ? 10. Did the dog pounce ........ .. .. .. .. ?

D.

1. Shall we ......... .. . ? 2. Will he not ...... .... .. . ? 3. Has he not .. ........ .. .. ? 4. Had he not ............ ...... ? 5. Is he ........ ...... ? 6. Am I not .. .. .. .. .. .... ? 7. Are they all .. .. .. ...... . ? 8. Was he .. .... .. ... ? 9. Were they no .. .... .. .. .. . ? 10. Will my parents be ...... ...... . ? 11. Can I .......... ? 12. May he not ...... ....... ? 13. Must she not .... .. .... .. .. ? 14. Might he help ... .... .. ..... ? 15 . Should we not ...... .. .... .. ? 16. Were they .. .... .. ...... ? 17. Is he not .......... .. .... ? 18 . Have we not .. ............ . ? 19. Will all comforts be .... .. .. ..... ? 20. Will they not be .. .. .......... .. ? 21. Has he been ......... .. ... ? 22. Are they being . .. .. . .. . . .. ? 23. Have we not . . ... .. .... . ...... ? 24. Have you been ...... .. .. .. ... ? 25. Had they been ..... .. .. .. .... ?

II. 1. Is 2. Am 3. Are 4. Was 5. Were 6. Has 7. Has (Had) 8. Have 9. Had 10. Have 11. Is (Was) 12. Is (Was) 13. Had 14. Have (Had) 15 . Are (Were) 16. Do (Did) 17. Can 18. Does (Did) 1~:-'Can 20. Does 21. Do 22. Does 23. Did 24. Does 25 . Did. "III. 1. Where 2. When (Why,$here) 3. How 4. Where 5. What 6. Whose 7. Which 8. How 9. What 10. When/Where/Why/How 11 . Why 12. Where 13 . Which, Why 14. Who 15 . Who 16. Where 17. Which 18. When 19. Where 20. Why 21. How/When/ Where/Why 22 . What 23 . Why 24. What 25. What. IV . 1. 2.

For whom did she buy a ticket? What has happened to that part of the building?

3.

By how many runs did he miss a century?

4.

Why did Man'oj fall on the ground?

5.

How much do I have in my bank account?

6.

How strong is John?

7.

When did the team reach Hubli?

8.

Where have you left the luggage?

9. Whom will they consult? 10. How do children carry books ? V.

1. When 2. Who 3. Where 4. How 5. Which 6. Why 7. Whom 8. How 9. How long

10. How far 11. How much 12. Whose 13 . How many 14. What.

J36

4.


QUESTION - TAGS (Tag Questions)

Examples: 1. I am a teacher, am I no-t? (or, aren't I?) 2. He is not honest, is he? 3. They are not yet married, are they? 4. He was an idiot, was he not? (or, wasn't he?) 5. You were late, were you not?(or, were n't you?) , 6. She sings (=does sing) very well, does she not? (or, doesn't she?) 7. You eat (=do eat) fast, do you not? (or, don't you?) 8. They came (=did come) late, did they not? (or didn't they?) 9. He doesn't look old, does he? 10. They do not come with us, do they? 11. You did not.retum the book, did you? 12. I have not seen her, b..llru? 13. He has sent his application, has he not? (or, hasn't he?) 14. You had agreed to my terms, had you not? (or, hadn't you?) 15. You will go there, will you not? 16. They would have done it, would they not? (or wouldn't they?) 17. We shall wait for him, shall we not? 18. They should start now, should they not? (or, shouldn't they?)" 19. You can do it, can you not? (or, can't you?) 20. He could run faster, could he not? (or, couldn't he?) 21. She m.ay come now, may she not? 22. It might have been stolen, might it not? 23. We must meet them, must we not? (or, mustn't we?) 24. Shankar is a good boy, is he not? (or, isn't he?) 25. Lalithadoes a lot of work, does she not? (or, doesn't she?) 26 . These boys are very disciplined, are they not? (or, aren't they?) 27. His question was rather foolish, was it not? (or, wasn't it?)

NOTE: 1.

Question-tags are short questions added to statements: Their purpose IS to draw the listener's attention to the statement and to emphasise the

Ullit -II (General English)

137

statement. They also indicate the speaker's expectation that the listener agrees to what is said. 2.

Obviously, question-tags are used in conversation, and not in formal written English.

3.

Positive statements carry negative tags: and negative statements carry positive tags.

4.

The short form 'n't' is preferred for negative tags, in conversation. [The short form for am n't is aren't]

5.

Nours are substituted by suitable pronouns in tags.

6.

When writing a comma is put after the statement, and the tag is begun with a small letter. Of course there is a question mark at the end of the tag.

Exercise 10 Add question tags to the following statements: 1. You are not responsible for the loss , .............. ?

2. They came very late, .. .. .... .. ...... ? 3. I am able to do it, ..... ...... .. .. ? 4. He is not trust worthy, ........ .. . ... .. ? 5. They will not be successful, . ..... . . ...... .... ? 6. She cannot escape punishment, .............. ? 7. I love you, ............. .. ? 8. He is not my friend, ................. ? 9. He has done his best, ................. ? 10. He wanted your advice, ... : ... ..... ..... ? 11. They were brave, .............. .. ;.? 12. It might be true, ....... .... . ..... ? 13. They had no experience, ..•................ ? 14. Shankar was very mischievous, ... ............ :.? 15. Suma is a good girl, ............... ? 16. We may not catch the train, ..... . .......... ?

138


17. I must help him, ............... ? 18. You could have won easily, .............. ? 19. There is no precedence for it, ..... ..... ..... .. ? . 20. We need not wait any longer, ................ ? 21. His brothers have plenty of money, .......... ... ... ? 22. You liked it much, .............. ..... ? 23. They need rest, .. . ........... ? 24. You went away earlier than usual, .............. ? 25. He does not know anything, ... . ......... .. ?

Exercise 11 Add appropriate question tags to the following tags: 1.

You have made a mistake, ................ ~

2.

David is unconscious of the fact that h~ is' no longer alone, ............... .

3.

He didn't seem to be hurt, .............. .

4.

They should have been more careful, ................. .

5.

He lives in this district,-...: .... : .. . ... .

Exercise 12 Add question-tags to the following: 1.

A biologist is described as a man of science.

2.

Science means something that happens in the laboratory.

3.

No English writer worth reading has been given a title.

4.

Scientific education ought to mean implanting of a rational mind.

5.

Of course, thereare.some sane scientists.

Exercise 10 1.

are you? 2. didn't they? 3. am 1 not? 4; is he? S. will they? 6. can she? 7. don't I? 8 . . is he? 9. hasn't he? 10. didh ' t he? 11. weren't they? 12. mightn ' t it? 13. had they? 14. wasn't he? 15. isn't she? 16. may we? 17. mustn't I? 18. co.uldn't you? 19. is there? 20. need we? 21. have they? 22. don't you? 23. don't they? 24 . didn't you? 25. does he?

Exercise 11 1.

haven't you? 2. isn't he? 3. did he? 4. shouldn't they? S. doesn't he?

Exercise 12 1.

isn't he? 2. doesn't it? 3. has he? 4. oughtn't it? S. aren't there?


139

CONJUNCTIONS Conjunctions are connectives or joining Oinking) words. They join words, phrases, clauses and sentences. There are two types of conjunctions: 1.

Co-ordinating conjunctions which join units of equal/rank (two words, two sentences, two phrases or t~Al clauses).

2.

Subordinating conjunctions which join subordinate clauses to the main clause.

Some important co-ordinating conjunctions: 1.

And is used

(i) To join words Eg: 1. I bought bread and butter. I bought bread, butter, fruits and vegetables 2.

She is young and energetic

3.

Go and bring it at once.

(ii) to join phrases. Eg: 1. He had the ability to plan and the courage to execute. 2.

We must gather enough funds, dedicated wDrkers and good leaders.

(iii) to join clauses. Eg: As he was in great haste and because I was also tired, I did not ask for any details. (iv) to join sentences. Eg: This is a good book and jt is very well printed. NOTE: 1. The two units joined should be grammatically and logically (in meaning) comparable. Eg: Shut the door and open the windows (Right). You have come late and open the windows (Wrong). 2.

The two units joined are often abridged. Eg: She is singing and dancing (=she is singing and she is dancing).

3.

'And' with 'so' means 'therefore.' I 'got' his message, and so I am here.

4.

'And with yet' shows 'contrast.' Eg: He is tired and yet he is working.

2.

But is used

(i) to show 'contrast.' Eg: He is rich 'but' stingy.

140


(ii) to mean 'except.' Eg: All but (except) you were present.

3.

Or is used

(i)

to indicate 'choice.'

Eg: What do you want to be, an engineer or doctor? (ii) in alternati ve questions. Eg: Is he a doctor or a quack. (iii) to show equivalence. Eg: call the monitor or class representative. (monitor=class representative) (iv) to impose condition. Eg: Obey or (=if you don't obey) get dismissed. [nor is the negative of 'or'] Eg: He did not come, nor did he send a message.

4.

So is used to mean 'therefore.'

Eg: Oranges were very cheap; so (=therefore) I bought two dozens.

5.

Yet is used to indicate 'contract.'

Eg: I have reminded him more than a dozen times; yet he has not done it. Two-word coordinating conjunctioqs are called correlative conjunctions,

1.

Both .............. and

Eg: 1. You are both my friend and philosopher. 2.

Both the husband and wife were injured in the accident.

3.

Not only ............. but also.

Eg: He is not only an eminent professor but also a great musician. Or Not only is he an eminent professor but also a great musician. [Note: When two independent clauses are joined, also may be omitted. Eg: Not only did he compose poetry 'but' he sang his compositions] 3.

Either ............ or, gives more emphasis than 'or,'

Eg: You are I should take the responsibility. [This can also be written as: Either you should take the responsibility or I]. 4.

Neither ............ nor. [Negative of either .......... Or]

Eg: 1. Neither the banks nor the post offices are open today. 3.

I can neither sing nor dance.

Unit -/I (General English)

141

Some important subordinating conjunctions 1.

for and because both indicate ' reason .' Eg: We engaged a taxi 'for' it was raining heavily . 'Because' it was raining heavily we engaged a taxi. [Note : (i) 'for' can not be used with not.. ........ .. but. Eg: I ate not because I was hungry but because of compulsion. (ii) ' for' can not be used in answer to a question .

Eg: Why did you come late? I came late because my car has gone for repair. 2.

When

(i)

Used when two actions occur at the same time.

Eg: When it is office time, all buses run crowded. (ii) Used when one action follows another. Eg: When the conductor whistles, the bus starts , when he whistles again , it stops. 3.

as

(i)

Used when the second action starts before a first action ends.

Eg: As he entered in he heard a shriek. (ii) Used to describe parallel actions. Eg: As its temperature increased , its colour went on changing. 4.

While is used to mean 'during a particular time. '

Eg: (1) While I was traveling to Mysore, I finished reading this book . (2) Nero was fiddling while Rome was burning. 5.

Where is used to refer to ' place. '

Eg: Our press is where the link road meets the first main road of Seshadripuram. 6.

Though/although is used to combine two opposite or contrasting statements.

Eg: He is wise though/although he is young. 7.

Even if/however indicate concession.

Eg : Even if she comes tomorrow, we can somehow manage . However calm and cool you are, these fellows make you lose your patience . 8.

So .... that/such .... that is used in descriptions.

Eg: He was so lazy that he never got up before 10 a.m. We have such an excellent teacher for English that nobody in our class fails in the subject. [Note: so is used for abstract things and such for concrete things .]


142

9.

Till/afterlbefore are used in time clauses.

Eg: Please stay here till I come. You must go there only after I give signal. We arrived here before anybody had come. 10. That introduces noun clauses . 'That' he is a miser is a well known fact. It is well known that he is a miser. ,.

Exercise 13: Fi~l

in the blanks choosing appropriate conjunctions 1. He is aged (and, but) experienced. 2. You are bold (and, but) hasty. 3. I do not speak with him; (or, nor) do I write to him. 4. You must do it; (or, nor) you should tell them that you would n't do it. 5. I was very angry; (and, but) Icontrolled myself. 6. There was no reply; (so, because) I went to meet him in person. 7. It was very late in the night; (so, yet) there were lights in all the rooms. 8. (When/As) I give the command, you should immediately run. 9. (When/As) we went along the road, we observed many strange things. 10. I am angry (forlbecause) you have not kept your promise. 11. He went away early (forlbecause) he had to take his child to the hospital. 12. You watch these things (when/while) I shall enquire the platform to which we have to go. 13. He came running (when/while) when I was about to leave the office. 14. You must wait (tilllbefore) you get your turn. 15. You will go there only (afterlbefore) the show is over.

Exercise 14 Combine the following sentences 1. He must go at once. He will be late. 2. She has walked five kilometers. She must be tired. 3. Maria was alone. She was not afraid. 4. I am studying hard. I want to score high marks. 5. The boy is working in this farm. He is my nephew.


143

6. We arrived at 10 a.m. You went at 9 a.m. (combine deleting 'at 9 a.m. and 10 a.m.') 7. Tom runs fast. Harry funs faster. 8.You invite him. He is sure to come. (if. ...... ) 9. ,We can travel by land. We can travel by water. 10. I shall go. You may come or not.

Exercise 13 I. and 2. but 3. nor 4. or S. but 6. so 7. yet 8. when 9. as lO. because 11. because 12. while 13 . when 14. till 1S. after.

Exercise 14 _, 1. ~ he goes at once, he will be late. ,

2. Ai she h.as walked five kilometers, she must be tired . 3. ~ Maria was alone, she was not afraid . . 4.

A.s. I want to score

S. The boy , who is

hi?h marks, I am studying hard.

~orking

in the farm, is my nephew.

6. We arrived after you had gone. 7. Harry runs faster than Tom. 8~

If you invite him , he is sure to come.

9. We can travel by land and also by water. 10.

I shall go whether you wish to come or not.

144


SEQUENCE OF TENSES Complex sentences contain a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses . The tense of the verb in the su ~) ordinate clause should be appropriate to the tense of the verb in the main clause. Study carefully the following examples:

Tense of verb in Main Clause

Tense of verb in Subordinate Clause

Present

He workS so well that every body lli pleased. Present

Past

He worked so well that everybody was pleased .

Past

Future

He will work so well that everybody will be pleased.

Future

Present

I think that they have come just now.

Present Perfect

Past

I thought that they had come just then.

Past Perfect

Present

I think they had just come when the shots were heard .

Past Perfect

Past

I thought that he was going to the office.

Past Continuous

Present

I think that he was going very fast when the brakes failed.

Past Continuous

Present

I know where they will be staying at Delhi.

Future Continuous

Past

I knew where they would be staying at Delhi .

Conditional

Present Perfect

. I have seen how it works.

Present

Past Perfect I had seen how it worked.

Past

Present He is observing how I QQ it. Continuous

Present

He is observing how I am doing it. Present Continuous

Present Continuous

Past He was observing how I did it. Continuous

Past

He was observing how I was doing it. Past Continuous

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Hehas seen how I QQ it.

Present

Present Perfect

He has seen how I QiQ it.

Past

Unit -/I (General English;

145

Past Perfect

He had seen how I did it.

Past

Past Perfect

He had observed when I was doing it.

Past Continuous

Future Perfect

I shall have seen how it

12 done.

Present

Future She will be wondering where we Continuous had vanished.

Past Perfect

Future

I shall tell him what you are expecting.

Present Continuous

Future Perfect

They will have gathered whatever information 12 available.

Present

From the above, the following rules become evident:

Rule 1: If the verb in the Pri nci pal Clause is in the present or future tense, the verb in the subordinate clauses may be in any tense. Rule 2: If the verb in the Principal Clause is in past tense, the verb in the subordinate clauses must be in Past Tense onlY. Some exceptions to Rule 2: (i)

A subordinate clause expressing a universal truth will be in Present Tense even when the verb in the Principal Clause is in Past Tense.

Examples: 1.

The experiment clearly showed how the total momentum of impinging bodies is constant.

2.

Everybody agreed that honesty is the best policy.

3.

They had discovered that there are certain rays with high penetrating power.

4.

Newton explained why bodies fall to the earth.

(ii) Rule 2 may be relaxed to avoid ambiguity.

Examples: 1.

He was told that you are a teacher. 'He was told that you were a teacher' - may mean that , 'you are no longer a teacher. '

Similarly,

12 completely cured. her that he 12 trustworthy.

2.

He said that he

3.

We assured

4.

The report stated that our troops are marching on.

(iii) Subordinate Clauses introduced by 'than' are exempted from Rule 2.

Examples: 1.

He liked me more than he likes his own son.

2.

They valued honour more than they value their live s.

146


3.

\

When I was of your age, I worked harder and earned more than what you do now.

Exercise 15: Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the verb given in brack~ . ets. '

.

1. Last month he .. .; ......... (meet) me when I ... ......... . ..... .. ...... (return) from Delhi. . 2. I .... ... ......... (learn) that he .......... (be) not well this morning. 3. I ..... . ... .. ... ;. (go) back to my room because I ........... . (forget) to take my instruments box. 4. He................. . ....... . ......... (see) where the robbers ..... ....... (hide) the treasure which they ............. (loot). 5. I _......... ... (see) that the windows ......... .. (be) open. 6. I ...... ..... (see) that the door.:... ... . ........... (shut). 7. I ............ (be) there when the quarrel .............. (take) place. 8. He .. ........... . .... . ...... (find) out how they............. . .. , ....... ; (manipulate) accounts. 9. The policeman ... ... .... .... . ............ (observe) how the pick pocket .......... . ..... : .... (follow) a gentleman. 10. You ......... . .. . (be) so popular that everybody .... ......... (know) you. 11. I .............. (tell) him that you ... ..... .. ... (be) sick. 12. In those days I ...... ... ...... (work) harder.than you ........ .. ...... (work) now. 13 . They ......... ...... (assure) me that I ........... : ... (be) safe here. 14. The teacher .. . ....... ... ... (show) how acids .. . ...... , .... (turn) blue litmus red. 15. In those days, people ................ (believe) that the earth .......... . . (be)' the centre of the uni verse.

Exercise 15 1.

met, was returning . 2. learnt, was. 3. went, had forgotten .: 4. had seen, were hiding, looted. 5. saw, were. 6. saw, was shut. 7. was, took. 8. was finding, were manipulating . 9. was observing, was following. 10. are, know . 11. told, are. 12. worked, work. 13 . assured, am. 14. showed, .turn. 15 . believed. was.


147

CORRECT USAGE A. Agreement of the verb with the subject (i)

A void the error of proximity

Find the real subject and make it agree with the verb. The noun nearest to the verb may not be its subject. Examples: 1.

The price of all things is high.

2.

Interestate movement of foodgrains was restricted.

3.

Tell me when one of the boys comes.

4.

More details of the report are on page five.

5.

All the students of his class were absent.

(ii) Nouns and pronouns joined by 'and' require a plural verb

Examples: 1.

Tea and coffee are popular drinks.

2.

He and I were not invited.

But, if the words so connected suggest one person or thing, the verb should be in singular. Examples: 1.

My friend and guide has come.

2.

Slow and steady wins the race.

(iii) Nouns and pronouns joined by 'with,' 'as well as' etc. take a singular

verb Examples:

1.

He, with his friends, is coming.

2.

English, as well as Kannada, was taught to us.

(iv) Two singular subjects by 'or' or 'nor' require a singular verb Examples:

1.

Today or tomorrow is his birthday.

2.

Neither he nor his sister was present.

But, if one of the subjects is plural, the verb must be plural and the plural subject must be placed near the verb. Examples:

1.

Shankar, or his friends, have sent this.

2.

Neither she, nor her brothers, are in station.

148


(v) In the case of subjects joined by 'or' or 'nor' the verb agrees in person with the nearer object. Examples: 1.

Neither he nor I am wrong.

2.

Either I or you are responsible.

(vi) The following take a singular verb; each, every, many a, either, neither. Examples: 1.

Each of these is equally good.

2.

Every dog has its day.

3.

Many a young man was misled by the gang.

4.

Either your uncle or aunt has come.

5.

Neither I nor my friend knows anything.

(vii)Nouns qualified by 'each' or 'every' take a singular verb even when joined by 'and.' Examples: 1.

Every man and every woman

2.

Each boy and each girl was interviewed separately.

IS

welcome to join our club.

(viii)Nouns singular in form, but plural in meaning take a plural verb. Example: 1. Twenty were needed, a dozen are present.

(ix) Collective nouns take a singular verb. Examples: 1.

The committee has solved.

2.

The bunch of flowers lli very nice.

(x) A plural noun denoting 'a single object,' 'a collective unit' or 'one. whole' takes a singular verb. Examples: 1.

'Ten one-act plays' is out of stock.

2.

'The United States' has vetoed the resolution.

3.

'Fi ve miles' was not a short distance.

4.

'Ninety parts of the work' has been finished.

B. Correct choice of words Study carefully the following examples: 1.

He is a tall (not 'high') boy. She got a high (not 'tall') first class. ['High' refers the level, 'tall' describes 'appearance.'J

Unit -lJ (General English)

2.

149

I wish (not 'hope') him success. I hope (not 'wish') he will succeed. ('Wish' expresses mere desire, ' hope' expresses a desire anxious to be fulfilled.]

3.

Put them in a box and keep the box safe. [Put denotes the momentary action, 'keep' denotes continuation of an action, state or position.]

4.

I do not remember his name. I shall remind (not 'remember') you at the proper time. [We 'remember' things by ourselves, we 'remind' others (or, others remind us) about things).

Exercise 16: Fill in the suitable verb choosing from brackets 1. The mother, with her children , (is , are) traveling by this train. 2. Our friend, philosopher and guide (is, are) no more. 3. Many a great man (is, are) not honoured while alive. 4. ' Lives of scientists' (was, were) our non-detailed text book. 5. Only thirty out of eighty (has, have) uniforms. 6. The West Indies (is , are) a group of islands. 7. Just a dozen more (was, were) needed . 8. Each child and every mother (was, were) given a gift. 9. Neither I, nor you (was, were) at the spot. 10. The Principal, with his .assistants(was, were) coming. 11 . Neither he, nor I (is, am, are) in the list. 12. Neither your uncle, nor my parents (has, have) ever visited the place. 13. The next batch of students (was, were) waiting. 14. One thousand metres (is"are) equal to a kilometer. 15 . The home and office of the post master (was , were) being white washed.

Exercise 17: Choose one of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences: 1. That film will be released (shortly , briefly) . 2. I did not (say, tell) my name. 3. He (said, told) something in a low voice. 4 . We (say, tell) prayers before beginning the day's work.

150


5. Here is a (short, brief) report of his speech. 6. I write this letter to (remind, remember) you of your promise. 7. We (wish, hope) you a pleasant journey. 8. Nobody can (say, tell) how the trouble started. 9. I (remember, remind) that morning well. 10. There is a (high, tall) coconut tree in front of my house. 11 . This wall is not sufficiently (high, tall) . 12. Let us (hope, wish) for the. best. 13. I (wish, hope) you were also present. 14. Where did you (keep, put) the candle? 15. Please (keep, put) this document safe? 16. It (wood, would) have been better if this had been made of (wood, would). 17 . Please (keep, put) this document safe. 18. It (wood, would) have been better if this had been made of (wood, would). 19. I am (effected, affected) with cold. 20. The (affect, effect) of the medicine was (indeed, indeed) wonderful. 21. I have no (access, excess) to that information . 22 . The statue is placed on an (altar, alter). 23. I (pray, prey) to God to give you long life. 24. Iron is a very useful (metal, mettle). 25 . It takes (some time , some times) to regain (lost, last) strength. 26. It was a (for gone, foregone) conclusion that he (wood, would) not win. 27. This bus goes by a circuitous (root, rout , route). 28. I bought five (metres, meters) of cloth. 29. (Roll, Role) the map and (put, keep) it on the table. 30. War destroys what (piece, peace) builds. 31. (Sum, some) good books are, (of course, of course) costly. 32. He cleverly (elicited, illicited) all the information he warited. 33. The new bank building is twenty (storeys, stories) high. 34. The forecast (says, tells) that the (whether, weather) would be dry (today, to day). 35. An (idol, idle, ideal) brain is (a, the) devil's workshop . 36. He doe's not want to (forgo, forego) his claim. 37. It is a pleasant experience to work (sums, somes) in trigonometry.

,

38. I (threw, through) out all the (pieces, peaces) of (glass, gloss). 39. The (idol , idle) of Shiva is made of an (ally, alloy) of five metals.


151

40. He proved his (metal, mettle) in the war. 41. What is the (some, sum) of nine and six? 42. This (story, storey)(is, was) written by Tagore. 43. (Sometimes, Some time, Some times) you behave like an idiot. 44. I have not yet decided (whether, weather) to accept the job or not? 45. Who can (alter, altar) the decree of fate? 46. He was engaged in some (elicit, illicit) trade. 47. The teacher calls the (roll, role) before commencing the lesson. 48. There are many (devices, devises) to make our household work easier. 49. Please give your valuable (advice, advise) (in, on) this matter. 50. Never (advice, advise) strangers ... 51. I have joined the National Cadet (Corpse, Corps). 52. The parcel is bound with a thick blue (card, cord, chord). 53. I gave him my visiting (card, cord, chord). 54. Another was seems to be (eminent, imminent). 55. She looked charming in the (bridal, bridle) attire. 56. The bill has gone for the President's (assent, ascent). 57. The (weigh, way) to happiness runs through hardships. 58. His (amicable, amiable) nature has (won, one) him many friends. 59. As you (so, sow), (so, sow) you reap. 60. There is an honest (wring, ring) in his words. 61. He played in (roll, role) of Bheema in the drama. 62. I know how to (wring, ring) out t,he truth from him. 63. I have (seen, scene) Delhi. 64. (Rice, Rise) is nutritious. 65. The taxi (meter, metre) is out of order. 66. The sun (rises, raises) in the east. 67. I am trying to (lessen, lesson) your work. 68. (Wring, ring) the bell to call the nurse. 69. Please help me to (raise, rise) up this heavy basket. 70. I have (deviced, devised) a new (device, devise) to extract fat from milk. 71. I have (adviced, advised) her; but I am sure she does not heed to my (advice, advise). 72. My brother is an (imminent, eminent) lawyer. 73. They came with the (propose, purpose) of creating trouble. 74. He is (wringing, ringing) his hands in despair.

152


7S. I was able to (raise, rise) a bumper crop this year. 76. Today we shall study the first (scene, seen) of the third act. 77. The third (lesson, lessen) is over. 78. Please convey my (complements, compliments) to your father. 79. Cancer is not a new (decease, disease). 80. Gandhiji was (childish, child-like). 81. The driver (averted, reverted) the accident by applying (breaks, brakes). 82. I am waiting for his (answer, reply) to my letter. 83. The amount you lend me (complements, compliments) my resources for the marriage. 84. He (wears, wares) 0ryly Khadi. 8S. (Illegible, Eligible) candidates should apply within a (weak, week). 86. The (diseased, deceased) gentleman is survived by a wife and three children. 87. I am ashamed of your (child like, childish) behaviour. 88. If you drop the gtass\ it (breaks, brakes). 89. I (sent, scent) it by

~egistered Post.

90. May his (sole, soul) rest in (piece, peace). 91. This is my (lost, last) chance. 92. He studied (hard, hardly) and passed in first class. 93. He (answered, replied to) my searching questions boldly. 94. My friend is a dealer in glass (wear, ware). 9S. Nowadays rice is sold by (wait, weight). 96. Can you (hear, here) his foot steps? 97. The (hair, hare) is a timid animal. 98. I am unable to (distinguish, extinguish) behyeen you and your brother. 99. He has (insured, ensured) his life heavily. 100. This shoe has a very durable (soul, sole). 101. You gave the (rite, write, right)

an~ wer.

102. Get me an (envelop, envelope). 103. He is noted for his (felicity, facility) of expression. 104. Darning and (dying, dyeing) are done here. lOS. Tell me a more (credulous, credible) story. 106. The (naughty, knotty) boy was punished. 107. The drama is (proceeded, preceded) by a dance. 108. Stretch your (write, rite, right) hand.

Unit -ll (General English)

153

109. Marshy places (teem, team) with mosquitoes. 110. What you say is (quite, quiet) correct. 111. The (astrologers, astronomers) had prophesied good rains. 112. Don't (lose, loose) courage. 113. Her (hair, hare, heir) was long and black. 114. He (last, lost) his father recently. 115. We are the (soul, sole) agents for cement in this area. 116. Carbon dioxide is used to (distinguish, extinguish) fire. 117. Persons with (imaginary, imaginative) skill become inventors. 118. I have reserved our seats

td

(insure, ensure) comfortable travel.

119. The new officer (adapted, adopted) a rigid policy. 120. (Astrologers, Astronomers) look at the stars through telescopes. 121. I have purchased a corner (cite, site, sight). 122. A large part of Arabia is a (dessert, desert). 123. I don't want to (cell, sell) this property. 124. Clouds (envelop, envelope) the Himalayan peaks. 125. The M.C.C. (team, teem) visits India in November. 126. Children enjoy the summer (vacation, vocation). 127. Your sister seems to be very (week, weak). 128. Please (right, write, rite) to me as soon as you get the news. 129. She was able to solve the (knotty, naughty) problem. 130. This tonic will improve your (physic, physique). 131. The meeting (precedep, proceeded) in an orderly manner. 132. Regular (practice, practise) is necessary to learn any art. 133. The (last, lost) pen was found amidst waste papers. 134. Education should lead the student to a (vacation, vocation). 135. His troubles are all (imaginary, imaginative). 136. Why has she come (here, hear)? 137. I am the (hare, hair, heir) to my uncle's property also. 138. I am going to (practice, practise) driving. 139. He put a (loose, lose)(knot, not) with a thick rope. 140. The poor lamb became a (pray, prey) to the wicked wolf. 141. Keep (quite, quiet); let me listen to his speech. 142. The funeral (writes, rights, rites) are going on. 143. Dr.Raja Ramanna is a great (physicist, physician).

154


144. The Palk (Straight, Strait) separates Ceylon from India. 145. The doctor's is a noble (vacation, vocation). 146. The (cells, sells) of this transistor have become (week; weak). 147. Factory workers are given many (facilities, felicities). 148. Nerve (cells, sells) are longer than all others. 149. I want a (strait, straight) answer to my question. 150. Learn to (adopt, adapt) yourself to changing circumstances. 151. I want to (check, cheque) every box. - 152. I shall (sight, site, cite) instances to prove what I said. 153. I have to talk (further, farther) than you.

Exercise 18: Fill in the blanks with suitable words from brackets 1. You can ............... The Arabian ............. if you stand on the pea (sea, see). 2. .. ............ was no money in ............. pockets (there, their). 3. Flowers were ................. towards the King's .............. (throne, thrown). 4 ............... of my sons has ................ six gold medals (one, won). 5. The fourth Mysore .............. ended with the death of Tippu in the ............... of Srirangapattana (battle, war). 6. The weather was ............... ; but the iced water was very ............ .. (cool, cold). 7. I bought fifty metres of ................... to get .............. stitched for all (cloth, clothes). 8. Those four .............. houses have been .............. ly occupied by teachers (continuous, contiguous). 9. I request members of this .............. to give their best ............... on this important issue (counsel, council). 10. Killing an ant is not a ............... ; but it is certainly a ............... .. (crime, sin). 11. Smoking is not a .............. and burial is not a ................ (custom, habit). 12. Thank you for the ................. music and ............... (delicious, delightful). 13. I seek your .............. because I have none else to .................. me (advice, advise). 14. He ............... having done it and ............... to apologize (denied, refused).

Unit -1/ (General English)

155

15. He .............. . a pretext for his absence. I ............. the truth when I .............. his activities (discovered, explored, invented) . 16. The .. .. .......... . doctor is the .. .. ............ Secretary of the State Medical Association (honorary , honourable) . 17. An ................. person can earn well in this .............. town (industrial, industrious). 18. Conducting .............. classes for smaller batches is not (practical, practicable). 19. What is ........ ...... ... as good today, may be .... .... ....... as bad later on (prescribed, proscribed). 20 . The .............. of this college is aPl?ointed by the .............. . of rotation (Principal, Princip!e). 21. That book contained the ............ ... compositions of .............. poets (modern, recent). 22. I could not ................ anything . He helped me to ................ everything (remember, recollect). 23. The ............... students honoured their ............... teachers (respectable, respectful) . 24. He is not a .. .. ........... person. He never attends any .. .. .......... . gathering (social, sociable). 25 . When coming .... ........... this evening, I saw a ...... .. ....... with a 'TO LET' board (home, house)

Exercise 19: Fill in the blanks with correct responses given in the brackets a)

I have a very strong .. .... .. ........ to visit Australia (desire, want, liking, feeling).

b)

Scientists everywhere are trying to .............. a cure for AIDS (invent, discover, find, prepare).

c)

The ................. age of population in most Western countries is rising fast (general, average, middle, normal) .

d)

Several soldiers were ................ wounded in the battle. They needed a lot of help (completely, hardly, seriously, utterly) .

Exercise 20: Fill in the blanks choosing the right word from the pair of words given a)

His business makes a good .............. (profit, reward).

b)

He needs to work .... ...... .... to get better result (hardly, hard).

c)

Her jewels are absolutely ................ (priceless, invaluable).

d)

My sister's got a good ............... in an office Uob, work).

e)

One must always ............... the truth (tell, say).

f)

Look! I think the gang is going to .. .. .... .. ... the bank (steal, rob).

J56


g)

My aunt lives on her own, but she is not .... ....... (lonely, alone).

h} The player was ............ injured when the ball hit him on the face (totally, seriously). i)

The son .................. disagreed with his father's argument'(completely, severely).

j)

............ , .. ... my sister all of us went for a movie yesterday (except, accept).

Exer4ise 21: Complete the following phrases with 'make' or 'do' appropriately~

Ex aIlljpI e : a~

do harm

b) make a mistake

..... . . ... the beds .

. ....... ; ... the cooking

.......... the

Exer~ise

1.

was~ing

up

............ the house work

.......... a decision

... ...... ... the home work

.. . ... .... trouble

............ a noise

... .. . . ... progress

............ well

.... ... ... someone a favour

........... money.

16 are 2. is 3: is 4. was 5. have 6. is 7. was 8. were 9. was 10. was 11. are 12. have 13. was 14. are 15 . were.

Exercise 17 1.

shortly. 2. tell. 3. said. 4. say. 5. brief. 6. remind. 7. wish. 8. say. 9. remember. 10. tall. II. high. 12. hope. 13. wish . 14. put. 15. keep. 16. would, wood. 17. affected; 18. effect, indeed. 19. access. 20. altar. 21. .pray. 22. metal. 23. sometime, lost. 24. foregone, would. 25 . route. 26. metres . 27. Roll, put. 28. peace. 29. some, of course. 30. elicited. 31. storeys . 32. says, weather, today. 33. idle, the. 34. forgo. 35 . sums. 36. threw, pieces, glass. 37. idol, alloy. 38. mettle . 39. sum. 40. story, is . 41. sometimes, 42. whether. 43. alter. 44. illicit. 45. roll. 46. devices. 47. advice, on. 48. advise. 49 . corps. 50. cord. 51. card. 52. imminent. 53 . bridal. 54. assent. 55 . way. 56. amiable, won. 57. sow, so . 58 ~ ring . 59. role. 60. wring. 61. seen. 62. Rice. 6.3. meter. 64. rises. 65. lessen. 66. Ring . 67 . raise. 68. devised, device. 69 . advised, advice : 70. eminent. 71. purpose. 72. wringing. 73. raise. 74. scene. 75. lesson. 76 . . compliments. 77. disease. 78. child-like. 79. averted, brakes. 80. reply. 81. complements. 82. wears. 83. Eligible. 84. deceased. 85 . childish. 86. breaks . 87. sent. 88. soul, peace. 89. last. 90. hard. 91. answered. 92. Ware. 93. weight. 94. hear. 95. hare. 96. distinguish. 97 . insured. 98. sole. 99 . Right. 100. envelope. 101. felicit, 102 . dyeing. 103 . credible. 104. naughty . 105 . preceded. 106. right. 107. team. 108. quite. 109. astrologers. 11 O. lose . Ill. hair. 112. lost. 113. sole. 114. extinguish. 115 . imaginative. 116. ensure. 117. adopted. 118. Astronomers. 119. site. 120. desert.

Unit -l/ (General English)

157

121. sell. 122. envelop. 123. team. 124. vacation. 125. weak. 126. write. 127. Knotty. 128. Physique. 129. proceeded. 130. practice. 131. lost. 132. vocation. 133. imaginary. 134. here. 135. heir. 136. practise. 137. loose, knot. 138. prey. 139. quiet. 140. rites. 141. physicist. 142. strait. 143. vocation. 144. calls, weak. 145. facilities. 146. cells. 147. straight. 148. adapt. 149. check. 150. cite. 151. farther.

Exercise 18 1.

see, sea. 2. There, their..3. thrown, throne. 4. one, won. 5. war, battle. 6. cool, cold. 7. cloth, clothes. 8. contiguous, continuous. 9. council, counsel. 10. crime, sin. II. custom, habit. 12. delightful, delicious. 13. advice, adVise. 14. denied, refused. 15. invented, discovered, explored. 16. honourable, honorary. 17. industrious, industrial. 18. practical, practicable. 19. prescribed, proscribed. 20. principal, principle. 21. recent, modern. 22. remember, recollect. 23. respectful. respectable. 24. sociable, . social. 25. home, house.

-Exercise 19 a) desire b) invent c) average d) seriously.

Exercise 20 a)

profit b) hard c) invaluable d) job e) tell f) rob g) lonely h) seriously i) completely j) except.

Exercise 21 I.

Make the beds; do the cookmg.

2.

Do the washing up; do the house work.

3.

Make a decision; do the home work.

4.

Make trouble; make a noise.

5.

Make progress; do well.

6.

Make someone a favour; make money.

UNIT - III

LANGUAGE ACTIVITIES

Lesson-I: DUSK Exercise I: Look at the following newspaper headlines. What is the voice of the verb in the sentences given above? Why is it used? Give the expansions of these captions. Refer Exercise-2 in Unit-2.

Exercise-2: Read the following report and fill in the blanks using the appropriate voice of the verbs given in brackets. Refer Exercise-3 in Unit-2.

Exercise-3: Observe the use of the passive here: Can you put down more such familiar uses of the passive voice in various contexts and comment on their use? Refer Exercise-4 in Unit-2.

Exercise-4: Change the voice of the verb in the following sentences: Refer Exercise-5 in Unit-2.

LESSON-2: THE DEAR DEPARTED Exercise-I: Rewrite the following using Indirect Speech. Refer Exercise-8-I in Unit-2.

Exercise-2: Given below is an extract of a discussion in a meeting. How would you report about the discussion? Refer Exercise-8-II in Unit-2.

Unit -Ill (Language Activities)

159

LESSON-3 : AUSTRALIA AND I Exercise-1: Use the pieces of jigsaw to make as many words as you can.

II astonish I Hon IlliJ IUnllreall~ ~ Isuccess I ~ ~ Ideclare I ~ [§J IDevote II exhaust I !install I Iment II usual I I Dis

Prefix + root

Root + suffix

Unreal Unusual

astonishment instalment devotion exhaustion really hardness usually faithful faithfulness faithlessly successful successfully declaration faithless exhaustless

Prefix + Root + Suffix unusually unfaithful unreally

Exercise-2: Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings: A

B

1.

turn against

a. to refuse to admit somebody

2.

turn away

b. to reject

3.

turn back

c. to produce

4.

turn down

d. to switch off

5.

turn up

e. to become an enemy

6.

turn off

f. to go back/return

7.

turn out

8.

turn over

g. to do business or sell goods worth a certain amount h. to appear/arrive

Ans: l-e; 2-a; 3-f; 4-b; 5-h; 6-d; 7-c; 8-g. Exercise-3: Use the above phrasal verbs in sentences of your own to bring out their meaning clearly: 1.

Turn against: Many a time business makes friends turn against each other.

160


2.

Turn away: The Principal turned away the student who had not brought the fees along with the application.

3.

Turn back: After Rama married Sita he turned back to reach Ayodhya.

4.

Turn down: The management turned down the petition of the workers to hike bonus.

5.

Turn up: Children never turn up in their schools on holidays unless they have special classes.

6.

Turn off: Turn off the lights before you go to bed.

7.

Turn out: The farmers have used the seeds supplied by the Agro Inoostries and they have turned out very good yield this year.

8.

Turn over: The salesman's stay in that firm depends on the turnover he shows to his superiors in every month.

4.

Complete the following phrases with 'make' or 'do' appropriately: Refer Exercise-21 in Unit-2.

5.

Fill in the blanks with correct responses given in the brackets: Refer Exercise-19 in Unit-2.

6.

Fill in the blanks choosing the right word from the pair of words given: Refer Exercise-20 in Unit-2.

LESSON-4 : THE EYES ARE NOT HERE 1. Exercise-I: Fill in the blanks of column A with appropriate 'question words' column B has short answers for them. Refer Exercise-9(v) in Unit-2.

2.

Exercise-2: Match all the question words you have used above with the mean-

ing they indicate: 1. When - time. 2. Who - person. 3. Where - place. 4. How - method, means. 5. Which - limited selection. 6. Why - reason. 7. Whom - person. 8. How - method. 9. How long - period of time. 10. How far - distance. 11. How muchQuantity. 12. Whose - person. 13. How many - number. 14. What - reason.

2.

Exercise-3: Frame questions to get the underlined word or words as the an-

swer: Refer Exercise-9(IV) in Unit-2.

LESSON-5: JANE GOODALL A LIFE IN THE WILD Exercise: Fill the blanks in the sentences below, using the verbs given in their passive form: Refer Exercise-6 in Unit-2.

Unit-Ill (Language Activities)

161

LESSON-6 : THE MAN UPSTAIRS

Exercise-I: Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B. B

A

1. have a nerve

a. fool (playful abuse)

2. blighter

b. feel comfortable

3. be at home

c'. be very bold

4. fuss-pot

d. chances are very much in favour of

5. ten to one

e. discover by chance f. one who makes much of little

6. stumble on things

Ans: l-c; 2-a; 3-b; 4-g; 5-d; 6-e.

Exercise-2: Add appropriate question tags to the following statements: Refer Exercise-ll in Unit-2.

LESSON-7 : JUST LATHER THAT'S ALL

Exercise-I: Pick out seome compound sentences from the text. Identify the coordinating conjunctions that join the clauses in those sentences. 1.

I tested it on the meat of my thumb, and then held it up to the light.

2.

One of the tiny pores could open up and issue forth its pearl of blood, but a good barber prides himself on never allowing this to happen to a customer.

3.

He hung it up on a wall hook and placed his military cap over it.

4.

And then he turned and walked away.

5.

The man could not possibly realize it, and this was in my favour.

Exercise-2: Pick out a few complex sentences from the text and identify: a)

the main clause

b)

the subordinate clause(s) and

c)

the subordinating conjunction(s).

1.

He said nothing when he entered. He said nothing - Main clause. When he entered - Subordinate clause. When - Subordinating conjunction.

2.

At that moment he took off the bullet dangled from.

=studded belt that his gun holster

At that moment he took off the bullet-studded belt - Main clause. That his gun holster dangled from-subordinate clause that - subordinating conjunction.

162


3.

But he is a calm man, who is not even thinking about what he is going to do with the prisoners this afternoon. But he is a

caI.~

man - Main clause.

Who is not even thinking about ............. afternoon-subordinate clause. Who-subordinating conjunction. 4.

He slit his throat while he was shaving him-a coward. He slit his throat-Main clause. While he was shaving him-subordinate clause. While-subordinate conjunction.

5.

They told me that you'd kill me. They told me-Main clause. That you'd kill me-subordinate clause. That-subordinate conjunction.

Exercise-3 : Rewrite as Directed 1.

I called him but he gave no answer. (into complex) Though I called him he gave no answer.

2.

In order to avoid punishment he ran away. (into complex) He ran away so that he might avoid punishment.

3.

She left after Mussolini came to power. (into compound) Mussolini came to power and she left.

4.

Susan, the young doctor, began to work with children who were backward. (into simple) Susan, the young doctor began to work with backward children.

5.

Having joined the army, he served his country. (into compound) He joined the army and served his country.

Exercise-4 : Combine the following Sentences Refer Exercise-14 in Unit-2.

LESSON-8 : WHAT IS SCIENCE? Refer Exercise-12 in Unit-2.

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