Kant's Newtonian Revolution in Philosophy

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Kant's Newtonian Revolution in Philosophy Journal of the History of Philosophy Monograph Series Hahn, Robert. Southern Illinois University Press 080931441X 9780809314416 9780585029566 English Kant, Immanuel,--1724-1804.--Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Kant, Immanuel,--1724-1804--Contributions in scientific method, Newton, Isaac,--Sir,--1642-1727--Contributions in scientific method. 1988 B2779.H34 1988eb 121/.092/4 Kant, Immanuel,--1724-1804.--Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Kant, Immanuel,--1724-1804--Contributions in scientific method, Newton, Isaac,--Sir,--1642-1727--Contributions in scientific method.

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The Journal of the History of Philosophy Monograph Series Edited by Richard H. Popkin and Richard A. Watson Also in this series Shuzo * Kuki and Jean-Paul Sartre: Influence and Counter-Influence in the Early History of Existential Phenomenology Stephen Light The Scottish Enlightenment and the Theory of Spontaneous Order Ronald Hamowy The Dream of Descartes Gregor Sebba  



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Kant's Newtonian Revolution in Philosophy By Robert Hahn Published for The Journal of the History of Philosophy, Inc.

 



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Copyright © 1988 by The Journal of the History of Philosophy, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Designed by Cindy Small Production supervised by Linda Jorgensen-Buhman 91 90 89 88 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hahn, Robert, 1952 Kant's Newtonian revolution in philosophy by Robert Hahn p. cm.(Journal of the history of philosophy monograph series) "Published for the Journal of the history of philosophy, Inc." Bibliography: p. ISBN 0-8093-1441-X (pbk.) 1. Kant, Immanuel, 17241804. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. 2. Kant, Immanuel, 17241804Contributions in scientific method. 3. Newton, Isaac, Sir, 16421727Contributions in scientific method. I. Title. II. Series. B2779.H34 1988 121'.092'4dc19 87-17618 CIP The paper in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.  



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For my parents  



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Contents The Journal of the History of Philosophy Monograph Series

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1 2

1.A. Kant and the Structure of Scientific Method 7 1.B. Kant's Revolution Was an Inadequate Metaphysical Solution 9 1.C. Rethinking Kant's Vision of a Scientific Revolution: Did a Revolution in Science Take Place at All? 13 1.D. The Plan of This Essay Chapter 2 Kant's Use of the Term "Revolution"

18 18

2.A. Why Kant Envisioned His Critique of Pure Reason to be a Revolution 23 2.B. Occurrences of Revolution Prior to the B Preface of the Critique (Pre-1789)  



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2.C. Occurrences of Revolution in the B Preface of the Critique (1787) 30 2.D. Occurrences of Revolution Subsequent to the B Preface of the Critique (Post1787) Chapter 3 Experiment and the Revolution in Science According to the B Preface of 1787

39

Chapter 4 A Brief Survey of the Secondary Literature on the Expression "Kant's Copernican Revolution"

48

Chapter 5 Kant's Revolution and the Ambiguous Use of Hypotheses

56

Chapter 6 Kant, Copernicus, and the Copernican Revolution in Philosophy

61 62

6.A. Kant and Copernicus: The Idea of a Novel Hypothesis 67 6.B. The Copernicus That Kant Learned from Wolff  



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Chapter 7 Rethinking the Revolutionary Contributions of Copernicus and Galileo to the Natural Science That Kant Understood

74 74

7.A. The Revolutionary Consequences of Copernicus' Hypothesis: Toward a Transformation in the Traditional Disciplinary Matrix 82 7.B. Aristotle, Galileo, and Kant: Toward a Transformation in the Logic of Demonstration Chapter 8 Kant's Copernican Hypothesis: Science, Metaphysics, and the Pursuit of Synthetic a priori Judgments

88 88

8.A. Kant's Novel Hypothesis 89 8.B. Was Kant's Novel Hypothesis about the Foundation of Certain Knowledge Revolutionary? Chapter 9 Kant's Newtonian Revolution: Transcendental Arguments and the Requirement of Demonstration in the Critique

101 101

9.A. Kant's Problem of Demonstration in General 103 9.B. Demonstration Quid Facti and the Irrational Knowledge of the Rational  



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9.C. Deduction Quid Juris: The Logic of Demonstrating the Immediate 109 9.C.1. A Brief Reflection on Demonstration in Aristotle's Posterior Analytics 111 9.C.2. Demonstration Quid Juris in the "Transcendental Deduction" Epilogue

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Notes

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The Journal of the History of Philosophy Monograph Series THE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY MONOGRAPH SERIES, consisting of volumes of 80 to 120 pages, accommodates serious studies in the history of philosophy that are between article length and standard book size. Editors of learned journals have usually been able to publish such studies only by truncating them or by publishing them in sections. In this series, the Journal of the History of Philosophy presents, in volumes published by Southern Illinois University Press, such works in their entirety. The historical range of the Journal of the History of Philosophy Monograph Series is the same as that of the Journal itself from ancient Greek philosophy to the twentieth century. The series includes extended studies on given philosophers, ideas, and concepts; analyses of texts and controversies; new translations and commentaries on them; and new documentary findings about various thinkers and events in the history of philosophy. The editors of the Monograph Series, the directors of the Journal of the History of Philosophy, and other qualified scholars evaluate submitted manuscripts. We believe that a series of studies of this size and format fulfills a genuine need of scholars in the history of philosophy. Richard H. Popkin Richard A. Watson Editors  



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