NepaI„liI„ =: Nepali : a beginner's primer : conversation and grammar

नेपाल& Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer Conversation and Grammar

Banu Oja Shambhu Oja Department of Asian Studies South Asia Program Cornell University Third Edition 2004

with editorial assistance from Mark Turin

i

Table of Contents page The Nepali Alphabet vowels, consonants and their pronunciations

v

Lesson One

personal introduction, the verb ‘to be’ (हन ु ु : छ and हो forms), identification of objects and their ownership, polite command form, introduction of the simple past tense, numbers up to ten Lesson Two family members, adjectives, review of lesson one, numbers up to twenty

1

19

Lesson Three

past tense negative, suffix &टा and जना, colours, the taste of foods, numbers up to thirty Lesson Four times of the day, review of past tense (positive and negative), numbers up to forty

29

43

Lesson Five

liking and disliking, use of को and सँग, numbers up to fifty

51

Lesson Six

पाइ0छ and पाइदैन, shopping, numbers up to sixty

63

Lesson Seven

post office situations, different meanings of the impersonal verb ला4न,ु infinitive verbs Lesson Eight present progressive tense, comparison, familiar commands Lesson Nine times: days, weeks, months and years, use of the verb ‘to be able to’

स5न,ु tell and ask the time, structures ...एर and ...एपिछ,

numbers up to seventy

75

87

101

ii

Lesson Ten

to like and feel like (मन पन ु : र मन ला4न)ु , case marker ले, obligatory structures, present and future conditional clause (if clause), numbers up to eighty

115

Lesson Eleven past tense of

छ (िथयो), use of रे, unconjugated past tense ...एको,

133

unconjugated future tense ...ने Lesson Twelve

adjectival clauses (e.g. आएको

मा0छे , खाने खाना, बःने ठाउँ ), use of को लािग

141

Lesson Thirteen compound verbs, present perfect tense, review adjectival clauses

153

Lesson Fourteen past progressive tense, past perfect tense, use of colloquial phrases like

167

खाना साना, मा0छे सा0छे , 5यारन ःयारन, all numbers Lesson Fifteen structures ...न ु

भ0दा पिहले and ...दाखेिर, past habitual tense

179

Lesson Sixteen directions, review of lesson fifteen

191

Appendix A Nepal’s administrative boundaries

199

Appendix B verb conjugation tables

203

iii

The Nepali Alphabet Nepali Vowels:

अ

आ

इ

ई

उ

ऊ

ए

ऐ

ओ

औ

अं

अ:

a

aa

i

ii

u

uu

e

ai

o

au

a

a

_

◌ा

ि◌

◌ी

◌ु

◌ू

◌े

◌ै

◌ो

◌ौ ◌ं◌ँ ◌ः

Nepali Consonants: consonant + h = aspirated consonant the half consonant forms are given in parentheses

क (()

ख ())

ग (*)

घ (+)

ङ (-)

ka

kha

ga

gha

nga

च (.)

छ (/)

ज (0)

झ (2)

ञ (3)

cha

chha

ja

jha

ỹa

ट (4)

ठ (5)

ड (6)

ढ (7)

ण (8)

Ta

Tha

Da

Dha

Na

त (9)

थ (:)

द (;)

ध ()

फ (?)

ब (@)

भ (A)

म (B)

pa

pha

ba

bha

ma

य (C)

र (D, )

ल (E)

F (थ)

ya

ra

la

wa

iv

श (ँ)

ष (ं)

स (ः)

sha

sha

sa

ह (K)

L (आ)

ऽ (ऽ्)

P (इ)

ha

kshya

tra

gỹa

Romanized

Linguistic

Pronunciation

अ ( )

a

a

low back

आ (◌ा)

aa

aa

low back

इ (ि◌)

i

ii

front high

ई (◌ी)

ii

ii

front high

उ (◌ु)

u

u

back high

ऊ (◌ू)

uu

uu

back high

ए (◌े)

e

e

mid front

ऐ (◌ै)

ai

ai

dipthong (a+i)

ओ (◌ो)

o

o

mid back

औ (◌ौ)

au

au/aw

dipthong (a+u / a+w)

ं अँ (◌ं/◌ँ) अ/

a

a

low back (nasal)

अ: (◌ः)

a

a

low back (lengthened)

Devanagari Vowels:

v

Consonants:

क (()

ka

k

unaspirated voiceless velar stop

ख ())

kha

kh

aspirated voiceless velar stop

ग (*)

ga

g

unaspirated voiced velar stop

घ (+)

gha

gh

aspirated voiced velar stop

ङ (-)

nga

ng

velar nasal

ञ (3)

ỹa

ỹ

palatal nasal

ट (4)

Ta

T

anaspirated voiceless retroflex stop

ठ (5)

Tha

Th

aspirated voiceless retroflex stop

ड (6)

Da

D

anaspirated voiced retroflex stop

ढ (7)

Dha

Dh

aspirated voiced retroflex stop

ण (8)

Na

N

retroflex nasal

त (9)

ta

t

anaspirated voiceless dental stop

थ (:)

tha

th

aspirated voiceless dental stop

द (;)

da

d

anaspirated voiced dental stop

ध ()

pa

p

anaspirated voiceless bilabial stop

फ (?)

pha

ph

aspirated voiceless bilabial stop

ब (@)

ba

b

anaspirated voiced bilabial stop

vi

भ (A)

bha

bh

aspirated voiced bilabial stop

म (B)

ma

m

bilabial nasal

य (C)

ya

y

palatal glide

ra

r

alveolar liquid

ल (E)

la

l

alveolar liquid

F (थ)

wa

w

velar glide

श (ँ)

sha

sh

palatal fricative

ष (ं)

sha

sh

palatal retroflex

स (ः)

sa

s

dental fricative

ह (K)

ha

h

glottal fricative

च (.)

cha

c

unaspirated voiceless palatal stop

छ (/)

chha

ch

aspirated voiceless palatal stop

ज (0)

ja

j

unaspirated voiced palatal stop

झ (2)

jha

jh

aspirated voiced palatal stop

L (आ)

kshya

kshy

complex segment (k+s+y)

ऽ (ऽ्)

tra

tr

complex segment (t+r)

P (इ)

gya

gy

complex segment (g+y)

र (D,

)

Affricates

Non-standard

Lesson 1

पाठ १ (Lesson 1)

भाग १

(Part 1) A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: C: A: B:

नमःते । नमःते । तपाईको नाम के हो ? मेरो नाम स!झना हो । व़हाँको नाम के हो ? व़हाँको नाम स!झना हो । तपाईको घर काहाँ हो ? मेरो घर अमेिरका हो । व़हाँको घर काहाँ हो ? व़हाँको घर नेपाल हो । क्याथीको घर नेपाल हो ? होईन, व़हाँको घर अमेिरका हो ।

(A)

अनबाद ु (Translation) : A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: C: A: B:

Hello! (greetings) Hello. What is your name? My name is Samjhana. What is his/her name? His/Her name is Samjhana. Where do you come from (literally where is your home)? I come from America (literally my home is America). Where does s/he come from? S/he comes from Nepal. Does Kathy come from Nepal? No, she comes from America.

1

2

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

यो के हो ? यो कलम हो । यो के हो ? यो मेच हो । Bयो के हो ? Bयो िकताब हो । Bयो के हो ? Bयो झोला हो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is this? This is a pen. What is this? This is a chair. What is that? That is a book. What is that? That is a bag.

Lesson 1 (C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

यो के हो ? यो कलम हो । यो कःको कलम हो ? यो मेरो कलम हो । Bयो के हो ? Bयो कापी हो । Bयो कःको कापी हो ? Bयो व़हाँको कापी हो । यो िकताब हो ? होईन । यो के हो त ? यो कलम हो । यो घडी हो ? हो । यो तपाईको घडी हो ? होईन । यो कःको घडी हो त ? यो व़हाँको घडी हो । यो तपाईको घडी होईन ? होईन ।

3

4

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (C)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is this? This is a pen. Whose pen is this? This is my pen. What is that? That is a notebook. Whose notebook is that? That is his/her notebook. Is this a book? No. What is this then? This is a pen. Is this a watch? Yes. Is this your watch? No. Whose watch is it then? This is his/her watch. Isn’t this your watch? No.

Lesson 1 Vocabulary :

नमःते नाम के ? घर हो हनु ु काहाँ ? कलम मेच िकताब झोला कापी को ? कःको ? घडी िससाकलम पञ्जा किमज मोजा जFा ु Gयाल

hello, greetings name what? house, home is to be where? pen chair book bag notebook who? whose? watch pencil gloves shirt sock shoe window

5

6

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

भाग २

(Part 2)

(A) A: B: A:

बानजी ु । हजरु । िकताब िलनसु ् । िकताब पढ्नसु ् । िकताब बन्द गनसुर् ् ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A:

Hello, Banu! Yes? Please take the book. Please read the book. Please close the book.

(B) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C:

बानजी ु । हजरु । Bयो के हो ? Bयो िकताब हो । Bयो कःको िकताब हो ? यो मेरो िकताब हो । िकताब खोल्नसु ् । तपाईले के गनभयो ु र् ? मैले िकताब खोलP । िकताब पढ्नसु ् । तपाईले के गनभयो ु र् ? मैले िकताब पढP । व़हाँले के गनभयो ु र् ? व़हाँले िकताब पढ्नभयो ु ।

Lesson 1 (B)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C:

Banu! Yes! What is that? That is a book. Whose book is that? This is my book. Please open the book. What did you do? I opened the book. Please read the book. What did you do? I read the book. What did she do? She read the book.

7

8

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: B: A: C:

स!झनाजी । हजरु । उठ्नसु ् । चक िलनसु ् । िलनभयो ु ? िलएँ । Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानसु ् । तपाई काहाँ जानभयो ु ? म Uल्याकबोड र् िनर गएँ । तपाई ढोका िनर जानभएन ? ु होईन । म गईन । व़हाँ ढोका िनर जानभएन ? ु व़हाँ ढोका िनर जानभएन ु , Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानभु यो । Uल्याकबोड र्मा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् । तपाईले के गनभु र् यो मैले मेरो नाम लेख P । तपाईले रामको नाम लेख्नभु एन ? होईन । मैले रामको नाम लेिखन । व़हाँले रामको नाम लेख्नभु एन ? व़हाँले रामको नाम लेख्नभु एन, आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ।

?

Lesson 1 (C)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: B: A: C:

Samjhana! Yes. Please get up. Please take the chalk. Did you take the chalk? Yes, I took it. Go near (towards) the blackboard. Where did you go? I went to the blackboard. You didn’t go near the door? No, I didn’t (go). Didn’t s/he go near the door? S/he didn’t go near the door, s/he went to the blackboard. Please write your name on the blackboard. What did you do? I wrote my name. You didn’t write Ram’s name? No, I didn’t. S/he didn’t write Ram’s name? S/he didn’t write Ram’s name, s/he wrote her/his name.

(D)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

कल्पनाजी । हजरु । यो कित हो ? Bयो सात हो । यो कित िन ? Bयो नौ हो । एक देिख दस सम्म गन्नसु ् त ।

9

10

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

Kalpana! Yes? How much is this? This is seven. And this? That is nine. Please count from one to ten.

संख्या

(Numbers) :

१ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ १०

एक दईु तीन चार पाँच छ सात आठ नौ दस

Lesson 1 Vocabulary :

हजरु िलनु पढ्नु पढाउनु िसकाउनु िसक्नु बन्द गनु र् खोल्नु गनु र् जानु आउनु बःनु उठ्नु लेख्नु ढोका गन्नु कित ?

yes (polite response) to take to read, to study to teach to teach to learn to close to open to do to go to come to sit to get up to write door to count how much?

11

12

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Useful Expressions :

मलाई थाहा छ । मलाई थाहा छै न । मैले बझ ु $ । मैले बिु झन । तपाईले बGनभयो ु ु ? तपाईले बGनभएन ? ु ु फे िर भन्नसु ् । िबःतारै भन्नसु ् । माफ गनसुर् ् । फे िर भेटgला ।

I know. I don’t know. I understood. I didn’t understand. Did you understand? Didn’t you understand? Please say it again. Please say it slowly. I am sorry, excuse me. See /meet you again. (casual farewell)

Grammar Notes : 1) Basic Nepali sentence structure follows this pattern: Subject – Object – Verb

व़हाँले िकताब िलनभयो ु । (S/he took the book) The verb always comes at the end. The root (citation form) of Nepali verbs always ends in न ु Examples:

आउनु लेख्नु जानु

come write go

Lesson 1

13

2) The possessive is made by adding the suffix

को, with the exception of “my”,

“ours”, and “yours” (familiar). The possessive forms of the pronouns you have learned so far are:

मेरो तपाईको व़हाँको कःको ?

mine yours (polite) his/her (polite) whose?

को

can also be used to show ownership by people or things

Examples:

रामको घर िकताबको नाम

Ram’s house the book’s name

3) The polite command or imperative form for the second person is always the root verb + s Please come: Please write: Please read: Please go:

तपाई तपाई तपाई तपाई

आउनु + स लेख्नु + स पढ्नु + स जानु + स

= = = =

आउनसु ् लेख्नसु ् पढ्नसु ् जानसु ्

4) The simple past tense conjugation for the pronouns introduced so far has the following pattern: root verb minus -nu plus the verbal conjugation ending: positive (+)

I you (polite) s/he (polite)

...एँ ...नभयो ु ...नभयो ु

negative (-)

...ईन ...नभएन ु ...नभएन ु

14

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Examples:

लेख्नु

(to write) positive (+)

I you (polite) s/he (polite)

लेख P लेख्नभु यो लेख्नभु यो

negative (+)

लेिखन लेख्नभु एन लेख्नभु एन

There are a few irregular verbs, such as जान ु (to go)

जानु

(to go) positive (+)

I you (polite) s/he (polite)

गएँ जानभयो ु जानभयो ु

negative (+)

गईन जानभएन ु जानभएन ु

The verb हन ु ु (to be) is also irregular and the conjugation will be introduced later.

In addition, if the verb being conjugated in the simple past tense is transitive, the subject takes ले as a suffix. Examples:

मैले लेख P

तपाईले लेख्नभु यो BUT:

म गएँ

(intransitive)

तपाई जानभयो ु

Lesson 1 Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • • • • •

say hello and introduce yourself ask about and identify objects around you and their ownership make polite requests conjugate the simple past for I, you (polite), and s/he (polite) count from 1-10

15

16

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Exercises: Questions: Ask the following questions in Nepali and answer them: 1) What is your name? 2) Where are you from? 3) Whose shirt is that? 4) Did you teach Nepali? 5) Is that your pencil? 6) Does s/he come from America? 7) Did s/he go home? Translation: 1) I wrote my name. 2) Didn’t you learn Nepali? 3) That is Paul’s notebook. 4) Did you take the shirt? 5) Please get up. 6) I didn’t teach English. 7) He went towards the window. 8) This is my house. 9) Please sit. 10) She didn’t close the door.

Lesson 1

17

Conjugate in the simple past tense (positive and negative) using I, you and s/he:

िसकाउनु पढाउनु सन्ु नु

बःनु

पाठ २ (A) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको नाम के हो ? मेरो नाम राम हो । तपाईको बाको नाम के हो ? मेरो बाको नाम ँयाम हो । तपाईको आमाको नाम के हो ? मेरो आमाको नाम अमृता हो । तपाईको बा-आमाको घर काहाँ हो मेरो बा-आमा को घर नेपाल हो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is your name (polite)? My name is Ram. What is your father’s name? My father’s name is Shyam. What is your mother’s name? My mother’s name is Amrita. Where do your parents live? My parents live in Nepal.

?

20

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

ितॆो नाम के हो ? मेरो नाम सहदे व हो । ितॆो बाको नाम के हो ? मेरो बाको नाम अशोक हो । ितॆो आमाको नाम के हो ? मेरो आमाको नाम लआमी हो । ितॆो बा-आमाको घर काहाँ हो ? मेरो बा-आमाको घर नेपाल हो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is your name (familiar)? My name is Sahadev. What is your father’s name? My father’s name is Ashok. What is your mother’s name? My mother’s name is Laxmi. Where do your parents live? My parents live in Nepal.

21

Lesson 2 (C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C:

Bयो के हो ? यो कापी हो । Bयो कःको कापी हो ? यो मेरो कापी हो । कापीमा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् त । तपाईले के गनभयो ु र् मैले नाम लेख P । तपाईले कःको नाम लेख्नभु यो ? मैले मेरो नाम लेख P । व़हाँले आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ? हो, व़हाँले आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ।

?

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C:

What is that? This is a notebook. Whose notebook is that? This is my notebook. Please write your name in the notebook. What did you do? I wrote a name. Whose name did you write? I wrote my name. Did s/he write her/his own name? Yes, s/he wrote his/her own name.

22

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

िजमजी । हजरु ? यो के हो ? Bयो कागती हो । यो के हो िन ? Bयो केरा हो । केरा खानसु ् । तपाईले के गनभयो ु र् मैले केरा खाएँ । Bयो केरा कःतो छ ? यो केरा िमठो छ । कागती कःतो छ ? कागती अिमलो छ । खोसा)नी कःतो छ ? खोसा)नी िपरो छ ।

?

अनबा ु द: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Jim! Yes? What is this? That is a lime. And what is this? That is a banana. Please eat the banana. What did you do? I ate the banana. How does that banana taste? This banana tastes good. How does a lime taste? A lime tastes sour. How does a red pepper taste? A red pepper is hot (spicy).

Lesson 2 (E)

A: B: A: B: A: B:

बेकीजी । हजरु ? जोनको किमज जोनको किमज यो जFा ु कःतो यो जFा ु नराॆो

कःतो छ ? राॆो छ । छ? छ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B:

Becky! Yes? How is John’s shirt (i.e. what is it like)? John’s shirt is nice. How is this shoe (i.e. what is it like)? This shoe is no good.

संख्या : ११ १२ १३ १४ १५ १६ १७ १८ १९ २०

एघार बा॑ ते॑ चौध पन्ी सो॑ सऽ अठा॑ उण्डाइस बीस

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24

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Vocabulary :

बा आमा िददी बिहनी दाज,ु दाई भाई साथी गtु आफ्नो कागती केरा खोसा)नी

सन्तला ु ःयाउ िचनी खानु िमठो अिमलो िपरो गिलयो ु आराम गनु र् सBु नु करा ु गनु र् भन्नु राॆो नराॆो

father mother elder sister younger sister elder brother younger brother friend teacher one’s own lime banana pepper orange apple sugar to eat tasty sour hot sweet to rest to sleep to talk to say good not good, bad

Lesson 2 Grammar Notes : 1) Nepali has two forms of the verb to be (हन ु )ु :

हो हो

and छ

is used to define or identify a person or a thing.

Examples:

मेरो नाम िजम हो व़हाँको घर अमेिरका हो Bयो कलम हो छ

my name is Jim his/her home is America that is a pen

is used to qualify or describe the possession, size, shape, taste, color,

etc. of things, or to locate an object. Examples:

केरा िमठो छ यो कलम राॆो छ कलम टे बलमा छ ु

the banana is tasty this pen is good the pen is on the table

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26

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

For the pronouns you have learned so far, the present tense conjugations of

छ

are as follows:

हो

छ

Positive

Negative Positive

Negative

हँु

होईन

छै न

ितमी

हौ

होईनौ

यो

हो

Bयो व़हाँ

म तपाई

छु

हनहन्छ ु ुु

हनहन् ु ु ुन

होईन

छ

छै न

हो

होईन

छ

छै न

हनहन्छ ु ुु

हनहन् ु ु ुन

हनहन्छ ु ुु

हनहन् ु ु ुन

हनहन्छ ु ुु

हनहन् ु ु ुन

छौ

Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • identify family members •

use adjectives

•

understand the difference between हो and छ

•

count from 11 to 20

छै नौ

हो

and

Lesson 2 Exercises: Sentence Completion:

Complete the sentences, using the ‘छ’ or ‘हो’ form :

Bयो कलम ( ) । 2. मेरो घर अमेिरका ( )। 3. यो कलम िकताब िनर ( )। 4. व़हाँको बिहनीको घर काहाँ ( ) 5. Bयो तपाईको िससाकलम ( )? 6. व़हाँ मेरो गt ु ( )। 7. मेरो साथी ढोका िनर ( )। 8. व़हाँ मेरो दाई ( )। 9. ितमी नेपाली ( )? 10. ःयाउ िमठो ( )। 11. व़हाँको िददीको घर राॆो ( )। 12. व़हाँको नाम के ( )? 13. यो कःको किमज ( )? 14. खोसा)नी िपरो ( )। 15. Bयो िकताब टे बलमा ( )? ु 1.

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27

पाठ ३ भाग १ (A)

A: B: A: B:

सन्चै ? सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई िन ? मलाई पिन सन्चै छ । िजमलाई कःतो छ िन व़हाँलाई पिन सन्चै छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B:

How are you (are you fine)? Fine. And you? I am fine too. How is Jim then? He is also fine.

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30

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: C:

Bयो के हो ? Bयो खरी हो । खरी िलनसु ् त । तपाईले के िलनभयो ु ? मैले खरी िलएँ । तपाई Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानसु ् । तपाई काहाँ जानभयो ु ? म Uल्याकबोड र् िनर गएँ । व़हाँ काहाँ जानभयो ु ? व़हाँ Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानभयो ु । Uल्याकबोड र्मा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् । तपाईले कःको नाम लेख्नभु यो मैले मेरो नाम लेख P । व़हाँले कःको नाम लेख्नभु यो ? व़हाँले व़हाँको आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: C:

What is that? That is a piece of chalk. Take the chalk please. What did you do? I took the chalk. Please go towards the blackboard. Where did you go? I went to the blackboard. Where did she/he go? She/he went near the blackboard. Please write your name on the blackboard. Whose name did you write? I wrote my name. Whose name did she/he write? She/He wrote her/his name.

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31

Lesson 3 (C)

A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B:

टमजी । िचया खानसु ् त । तपाईले के खानभयो ु मैले िचया खाएँ । िचया कःतो छ ? िचया िमठो छ । अब िचनी खानसु ् त । व़हाँले के खानभयो ु ? व़हाँले िचनी खानभयो ु । िचनी कःतो छ ? िचनी गलीयो छ। ु

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B:

Tom. Please drink tea. What did you drink? I drank tea. How is the tea? The tea is good. Now have some sugar then. What did she/he eat? She/he ate sugar. How does sugar taste? Sugar tastes sweet.

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32

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

यो के हो ? यो कलम हो । यी के हनु ् ? यी कलम (हt) हनु ् । याहाँ कितव़टा कलम छन ् ? याहाँ चारव़टा कलम छन ् । याहाँ तपाईको कलम छ ? याहाँ मेरो कलम छ । तपाईको कलम कनचािहँ हो ु मेरो कलम यो चािहँ हो । व़हाँको िन ? व़हाँको Bयो चािहँ हो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is this? This is a pen. What are these? These are pens. How many pens are there? There are four pens here. Is your pen here? My pen is here. Which one is your pen? This is my pen. How about his/hers? That one is his/hers.

?

Lesson 3 (E)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Bयो के हो ? Bयो िकताब हो । ती के हनु ् ? ती िकताब हनु ् । Bयाहाँ कितव़टा िकताब छन ् ? Bयाहाँ दसव़टा िकताब छन ् । Bयाहाँ तपाईको िकताब छ ? Bयाहाँ मेरो िकताब छ । तपाईको िकताब कनचािहँ हो ? ु मेरो िकताब Bयो चािहँ हो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is that? That is a book. What are those? Those are books. How many books are there? There are ten books. Is your book there? My book is there. Which one is your book? That one is my book.

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34

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (F)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

यो के हो ? यो कागत हो । यो कागतको रu कःतो छ ? Bयो कागतको रu सेतो छ । Bयो के हो ? Bयो tख हो । Bयःको रu कःतो छ ? Bयःको रu हिरयो छ । बानजी ु , Bयो कःको किमज हो ? व़हाँको किमज हो । व़हाँको किमजको रu कःतो छ ? व़हाँको किमज रिuचuी छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is this? This is a piece of paper. What color is this paper? That paper is white. What is that? That is a tree. What color is that tree? That tree is green. Banuji, whose shirt is that? That is her/his shirt. What color is his/her shirt? His/her shirt is multicolored.

Lesson 3 (G) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

यो के हो ? यो कोठा हो । यो कोठामा कितव़टा मेच छन ् ? यो कोठामा ितनव़टा मेच छन ् । यो कोठामा कितव़टा Gयाल छन ् ? यो कोठामा .....व़टा Gयाल छन ् । याहाँ कितजना मान्छे छन ् ? याहाँ .....जना मान्छे छन ् । कोन्यार्लमा कितजना ,ब.ाथ0ह2 छन ् ? कोन्यार्लमा अन्दाजी सऽ हजार ,ब.ाथ0ह2 छन ् ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What is this? This is a room. How many chairs are there in this room? There are three chairs in this room. How many windows are in this room? There are ...... windows in this room. How many people are here? There are ...... people here. How many students are there at Cornell? There are about seventeen thousand students at Cornell.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

भाग २ (A)

A: B: A: B: A: B:

शम्भजी ु । हजरु । Uल्याकबोड र्को तःवीरमा हेनसुर् ् त, याहाँ कितजना मािनस / मान्छे छन ् ? Bयाहाँ ५जना मािनस छन ् । भन्नसु ,् क्याथी कनचािहँ हो ? ु क्याथी Bयो चािहँ हो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B:

Shambhu-ji. Yes. Would you look at the pictures on the blackboard, how many people are there? There are five people. Tell me, which one is Kathy? That one is Kathy.

(B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

टे बलमा कितव़टा कलम छन ् ? ु टे बलमा ७व़टा कलम छन ् । ु Bयाहाँ तपाईको कलम छ ? Bयाहाँ मेरो कलम छ । तपाईको कलम कनचािहँ हो ? ु मेरो कलम कालो चािहँ हो । तपाईको कलम िलनसु ् र खल्तीमा राख्नसु ् । राख्नभु यो राखP ।

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Lesson 3 (B)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

How many pens are there on the table? There are seven pens. Is your pen over there? Yes, it is there. Which one is your pen? The black one is my pen. Please take your pen and put it in your pocket. Did you do it? Yes, I did.

(C)

संख्या : २१

एvाईस

२२

बाईस

२३

तेईस

२४

चौिबस

२५

पच्चीस

२६

छUबीस

२७

सFाईस

२८

अxाईस

२९

उनन्तीस

३०

तीस

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38

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

एक देिख तीस सम्म गन्नसु ् । यो कित हो ? Bयो उनन्तीस हो । यो िन ? Bयो बीस हो । यो कित हो िन ? Bयो सऽ हो । Uल्याकबोड र्मा बीस लेख्नसु ् त । तपाईले दस लेख्नभु यो होईन, मैले दस लेिखन । तपाईले कित लेख्नभु यो त ? मैले बीस लेख P । व़हाँले पच्चीस लेख्नभु यो ? होईन, व़हाँले पच्चीस लेख्नभु एन । व़हाँले कित लेख्नभु यो त ? व़हाँले बीस लेख्नभु यो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

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(C)

Please count from one to thirty. How much is this? That is 29. And this? That is 20. And how much is this? That is 17. Would you please write 20 on the blackboard, did you write 10? No, I did not write 10. How much did you write then? I wrote 20. Did she/he write 25? No, she/he didn’t write 25. How much did she/he write then? She/he wrote 20.

Lesson 3 Vocabulary :

आफ्नो िपउनु िचनी ई, यी ती कनचािहँ ? ु अन्दाजी जना, व़टा कितव़टा ? कितजना ? मािनस, मान्छे गtु ,ब.ाथ0

खल्ती मेच रu रिuचuी हिरयो सेतो कालो िनलो रातो

own to drink sugar these those which one? about, approximately (number classifier) how many (things)? how many (people)? man, person, people teacher student pocket chair color multi-colored green white black blue red

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40

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Grammar Notes : 1) Simple past negative: if the verb is transitive and in the past tense, don’t forget to add ले with the subject.

मैले लेिखन । तपाईले / व़हाँले लेख्नभु एन । 2)व़टा and

जना

are used as suffixes with numbers when counting inanimate and

animate objects. Usually,व़टा is used for things and animals whileजना is used for counting people only.

उदाहरणको लािग

(for example) :

मेरो एकजना भाई छ । उःको दईुव़टा ककर ु ु छन ् ।

यो कक्षामा ५व़टा मेच छन ् । Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • use the simple past negative •

useव़टा andजना

•

know colors

•

count from one to thirty

Lesson 3 Exercises: Fill in the blanks: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

यी के ............ । (to be, ve). ती िकताब ............ । (to be, ve). टे बलमा कितव़टा िकताब ............ ? (to be, ve). ु याहाँ कित ........ मािनस छन ् ? (व़टा /जना) तपाईको कित ........ मोटर छन ् ? मेरो पिरबारमा चार ....... मािनस ....... ।

41

पाठ ४ (A)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

सन्चै छ ? सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई िन ? मलाई पिन सन्चै छ । आज िबहान तपाई कित बजे उठ्नभयो ु आज िबहान म ६ बजे उठP । अिन तपाईले के गनभयो ु र् ? अिन मैले हात मख ु धएु ँ र दाँत माझ$ । अिन Bयसपिछ तपाईले के गनभु र् यो ? अिन Bयसपिछ मैले खाजा खाएँ । तपाईले कित बजे खाजा खानभयो ु ? मैले साढे ६ बजे ितर खाजा खाएँ । अिन तपाई कित बजे क्लासमा आउनभयो ु ? अिन म ८ बजे क्लासमा आएँ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Are you fine? Yes, I am fine, and you? I am fine too. What time did you get up this morning? I got up at six o’clock. Then what did you do? Then I washed my hands and face, and brushed my teeth. What did you do after that? Then, I had my breakfast. What time did you eat? I had my breakfast around 6:30. Then, what time did you come to the class? I came to class at 8 o’clock.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

(B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: C:

िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे तपाई बजार जानभयो ु ? िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे म बजार गईन । िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे तपाई काहाँ जानभयो ु त िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे म क्लासमा गएँ । तपाईले क्लासमा के गनभु र् यो ? मैले क्लासमा नेपाली भाषा िसकP । व़हाँले क्लासमा के गनभु र् यो ? व़हाँले क्लासमा नेपाली भाषा िसक्नभयो ु । िहजो राती तपाई आठ बजे सBु नभु यो ? अहँ, िहजो राती म आठ बजे सितन ु । िहजो राती तपाई कित बजे सBु नभु यो त ? म दस बजे सतPु । िहजो राती व़हाँ आठ बजे सBु नभु यो ? अहँ, िहजो राती व़हाँ आठ बजे सBु नभु एन । व़हाँ कित बजे सBु नभु यो त ? िहजो राती व़हाँ दस बजे सBु नभु यो ।

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45

Lesson 4 (B)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: C:

Did you go to the market yesterday at two o’clock? No, I didn’t. Where did you go then? I went to class at two o’clock. What did you do in class? I learned Nepali. What did s/he do in the class? He/she learned Nepali. Did you go to bed at 8 o’clock last night? No, I didn’t. What time did you go to bed then? I went to bed at 10 o’clock. Did s/he go to bed at 8 o’clock? No, s/he didn’t go to bed at 8 o’clock. What time did s/he go to bed then? Last night s/he went to bed at ten o’clock.

(C) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

आज िबहान ितमी कित बजे क्लासमा आयौ ? आज िबहान म ७ बजे क्लासमा आएँ । आज िबहान उ कित बजे क्लासमा आयो ? आज िबहान उ पिन ७ बजे क्लासमा आयो । िहजो िदउसो २ बजे हामीले के ग|यg ? िहजो िदउसो २ बजे हामीले नेपाली िसक्यg । अःती बेलका ु ितमीले साढे ७ बजे खाना खायौ अःती बेलका ु मैले साढे ७ बजे खाना खाएँ । आज िबहान उनीहt कित बजे उठे ? आज िबहान उनीहt पौने ६ बजे उठे ।

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

(C)

What time did you come to class this morning? This morning I came to class at 7 o’clock. What time did he come to class this morning? This morning he also came to class at 7 o’clock. What did we do yesterday afternoon at 2 o’clock? We studied Nepali at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon. What time did you have your supper the night before last? The night before last, I ate at half past seven. What time did they get up this morning? They got up at a quarter of six.

Alos practice negative tense for:

ितमी, हामी, उ, ितनी

(she) र

उनीहt

Comprehension:

रमेशको घर नेपाल हो । व़हाँ अःती अमेिरका आउनभयो ु । िहजो राती व़हाँले अमेिरकी खाना खानभएन ु , दाल भात खानभयो ु । आज िबहान व़हाँ ६ बजे उठ्नभयो ु र सात बजे व़हाँले िचया खानभयो ु अिन Bयसपिछ क्लासमा आउनभयो ु र अँमेजी भाषा िसक्नभयो ु ।

ूँनहt : १. रमेशको घर काहाँ हो ? २. व़हाँ किहले अमेिरका आउनभयो ु ? ३. िहजो राती व़हाँले अमेिरकी खाना खानभयो ु ? ४. कन ु त? ु खाना खानभयो ५. आज िबहान व़हाँ ६ बजे अठ्नभयो ु र व़हाँले के के गनभु र् यो

?

Lesson 4 (D) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

सन्चै छ ? सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई नी ? मलाई पिन सन्चै छ । तपाई अमेिरका किहले आउनभयो ु म अमेिरका ४ बष र् अिघ आएँ । तपाई कसरी आउनभयो ु ? म हव़ाईजहाजमा आएँ । तपाई को सँग आउनभयो ु ? म साथी सँग आएँ ।

?

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

How are you? I’m fine, how about you? I’m fine, too. When did you come to America? I came to America four years ago. How did you come? I came by airplane. Who did you come with? I came with a friend.

Practice:

ितमी, उ, व़हाँ, उनीहt, ितनी, हामी, तपाई

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48

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (E)

A: B: A: B: A: B:

जोन किहले नेपाल गयो ? उ ४ िदन अिग / अिघ गयो । उ कसरी गयो ? उ हव़ाईजहाजमा गयो । उ को सँग गयो ? उ उःको साथीहt सँग गयो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B:

When did John go to Nepal? He went four days ago. How did he go? He went by airplane. Who did he go with? He went with his friends.

संख्या : ३१ ३२ ३३ ३४ ३५ ३६ ३७ ३८ ३९ ४०

एकतीस बFीस तेFीस चgतीस प•तीस छFीस स•तीस अठ्तीस उनन्चालीस चालीस

Lesson 4 Vocabulary :

खाजा हात मख ु दाँत अःती िहजो आज भोली पस€ आजभोली अचेल आजकाल िहजोआज भोलीपस€ िहजोअःती अःतीन

snacks hand face, mouth tooth day before yesterday yesterday today tomorrow day after tomorrow nowadays nowadays these days these days in the near future [later, tomorrow or the day after, and any time thereafter] in the immediate past [yesterday, the day before or a few days before], the other day some time in the far past

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Grammar Notes : Simple past tense

सBु नु

to sleep

म तपाई व़हाँ ितमी हामी उ ितनी उनीहt

सतPु / सितन ु (I slept / I didn’t sleep) सBु नभु यो / सBु नभु एन सBु नभु यो / सBु नभु एन सBयौ ु / सतेु नौ सBयg ु / सतेु नg सBयो ु / सतेु न सितन ु ् / सितनन ु ् सतेु / सतेु नन ्

Objectives: By the end of this lesson you should able to: • • •

use the simple past tense positive and negative use times of the day (morning, night, day after tomorrow, etc.) count to 40

पाठ ५ (A)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको घर नेपाल हो ? हो । तपाई किहले अमेिरका आउनभयो ु ? म एक बष र् अिग / अिघ आएँ । तपाई कसरी आउनभयो ु ? म हव़ाईजहाजमा आएँ । तपाई को सँग आउनभयो ु ? म साथी सँग आएँ । तपाई अमेिरकामा कित बष र् बःनहन्छ ुु ? म दईु वष र् बःछ ु होला । अिन तपाई काहाँ जानहन्छ ुु ? अिहले थाहा छै न, शायद नेपाल फकर्न्छ ु होला ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Are you from Nepal? Yes. When did you come to America? I came a year ago. How did you come? I came by airplane. Who did you come with? I came with a friend. How many years will you stay in America? I may stay for two years. Where will you go then? I don’t know right now, perhaps I will go back to Nepal.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाई कन ुु ? ु भाषा बोल्नहन्छ म अँमेजी भाषा बोल्छ ु । तपाई अt कन ुु ? ु भाषा बोल्नहन्छ म ृे ञ्च र अिलअिल नेपाली बोल्छ ु । तपाई के काम गनहन्छ ु र् ु ? म कोन्यार्ल ,बँव,ब.ालयमा नेपाली र समाज शा‚ पढ्छ ु ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B:

Which language(s) do you speak? I speak English. Which other languages do you speak? I speak French and a little bit of Nepali. What do you do? I study Nepali and sociology at Cornell University.

(C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको भाई छ ? मेरो भाई छ । आजभोली उ काहाँ छ ? आजभोली उ अमेिरकामा छ । उ के काम गछ र् ? उ ,ब.ाथ0 हो, ःकूलमा पढ्छ । उ के पढ्छ ? उ इितहास र भगोल पढ्छ । ु उ िहसाब र िब„ान पिन पढ्छ ? होईन, उ िहसाब र िब„ान पढ्दैन ।

Lesson 5 (C)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Do you have a younger brother? Yes, I do. Where is he these days? He is in America. What does he do? He is a student and studies at school. What does he study? He studies history and geography. Does he study math and science as well? No, he doesn’t study math and science.

(D)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको बा हनहन्छ ु ुु ? मेरो बा हनहन्छ ु ुु । िहजोआज व़हाँ काहाँ हनहन्छ ु ुु ? आजभोली व़हाँ वािशuटनमा हनहन्छ ु ुु । व़हाँ के काम गनहन्छ ु र् ु ? व़हाँ कम्प्यटर ु अिफसमा काम गनहन्छ ु र् ु । तपाईको आमा हनहन्छ ु ु ु िन ? मेरो आमा हनहन्छ ु ुु । व़हाँ के काम गनहु र् न्छ ु ? व़हाँ घरको काम गनहु र् न्छ ु । तपाईको बा-आमा कित बष र् हनुभु यो ? बा ५० (पचास) बष र् र आमा ४७ (सतचालीस) बष र् हनभयो ु ु । तपाई िन ? म २० बष र् भएँ ।

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54

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Do you have a father? Yes, I have a father. Where is he these days? Nowadays he is in Washington. What does he do? He works in a computer office. Do you have a mother also? Yes, I have my mother. What does she do? She does housework. How old are your parents now? My father is 50 years old and my mother is 47. And you? I am 20 years old.

(E)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाई िबहान कित बजे उठ्नहन्छ ुु ? म िबहान ६ बजे उठ्छ ु । तपाई िबहान कफी खानहु न्छ ुु ु िक िचया खानहन्छ म िबहान कफी खान्छ ु । तपाईलाई कफी मन पछ र् ? हो, मलाई कफी मन पछ र् । तपाई िबहान दाल-भात खानहन् ु ुन ? अहँ, म िबहान दाल-भात खािदन । िकन ? िकनभने िबहान मलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न ।

?

55

Lesson 5

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

(E)

What time do you get up in the morning? I get up at 6 o’clock. Do you drink coffee or tea in the morning? I drink coffee in the morning. Do you like coffee? Yes, I like coffee. Do you eat daal-bhaat in the morning? No, I don’t eat daal-bhaat in the morning. Why? Because I don’t like daal-bhaat in the morning.

Comprehension:

मलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् । Bयसकारण, म सध< दाल-भात खान्छ ु । तर मेरो साथी दाल-भात खादैन, िकनभने उसलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न । नेपालीहtलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र्; Bयसकारण, उनीहt सध< दाल-भात खान्छन ् । अमेिरकनहtलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न; Bयसैले उनीहt अमेिरकन खाना खान्छन ् । Questions: Answer the following questions:

(१) (२) (३) (४) (५) (६) (७) (८) (९) (१०)

तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् िक मन पद: न ? Bयसोभए, तपाई सध< दाल-भात खानहन्छ ुु ? तपाईको साथी पिन दाल-भात खान्छ ? उ िकन दाल-भात खादैन ? नेपालीहtलाई दाल-भात मनपछ र् िक मन पद: न ? Bयसोभए, उनीहt सध< दाल-भात खान्छन ् त ? तपाईको िबचारमा, अमेिरकनहtलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् िक अमेिरकनहtलाई कःतो खाना मन पछ र् त ? तपाईको बा-आमालाई िपरो खाना मन पछ र् ? तपाईलाई †ामबग र्र मन पछ र् िक मन पद: न ?

मन पद: न ?

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

संख्या : ४० ४१ ४२ ४३ ४४ ४५ ४६ ४७ ४८ ४९ ५०

चालीस एकचालीस बयालीस ऽीचालीस चौव़ालीस प< ताल>स

छयालीस सतचालीस अठ्चालीस उनान्चास पचास

Lesson 5 Vocabulary :

हव़ाईजाहाज बस रल े मोटर वष र् अिहले शायद फकर्नु भाषा बोल्नु अिलअिल

,बँ?,ब.ालय

समाज शा‚ िहजोआज ,ब.ाथ0

ःकूल इितहास भगोल ु िहसाब िब„ान िहजोआज िबहान िदउसो बेलका ु राती कफी

airplane bus train car year now perhaps to return (intransitive) language to speak a little university sociology nowadays student school history geography math science nowadays morning afternoon evening night coffee

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

िचया िपउनु दाल-भात

tea to drink lentil soup and rice, the typical Nepali meal

Grammar Notes : 1) In Nepali, the same conjugation is used for the simple present, habitual and future tenses. For example, the sentence म or or

दाल-भात खान्छ ु can mean

I am eating daal-bhat (right now) I eat daal-bhat (as a habit) I will eat daal-bhat

To conjugate the verb, drop न ु from the root verb and add:

म ितमी तपाई व़हाँ ितनी उ हामी उनीहt

Affirmative

+ + + + + + + +

छु छौ नहन्छ ुु नहन्छ ुु िछन ् छ छg छन ्

Negative

+ + + + + + + +

िदन दैनौ नहन् ु ुन नहन् ु ुन िदनन ् दैन दैनg दैनन ्

The only variation is in root verbs that end in a vowel before the

नु or if there is a

consonant with a vowel symbol attached directly before the last letter न ु of the root

verb; such as खान ु or जान.ु In such cases, keep the half ( न ् ) when you conjugate in the present positive tense.

59

Lesson 5 For example, with the verbs

खान,ु जान,ु िलन:ु

म खान्छ;ु ितमी जान्छौ; उनीहt िलन्छन ् ।

मन पनु र् literally means something along the lines of “to fall to mind”, i.e., “to like”. मन पनु र् is an impersonal verb (it is never conjugated) and the subject always takes लाई

Present tense : Positive

मन पछ र् मलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् रामलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र्

Negative

मन पद: न

मलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न रामलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न

Past tense : Positive

मन प|यो मलाई दाल-भात मन प|यो रामलाई दाल-भात मन प|यो तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन प|यो 2)

सँग

and

को: को

Negative

मन परने मलाई दाल-भात मन परने रामलाई दाल-भात मन परने तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन परने

is used to show ownership or belonging,

indicate possessions which are physically if temporarily present.

मेरो मोटर छ म सँग कलम छ उःको भाई छ उ सँग भाई छ

I have a car I have a pen (with me) He has a brother His brother is with him

सँग

is used to

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: •

conjugate the simple past tense for any verb

•

express liking and not liking

•

understanding the difference between को and सँग

•

know and count the numbers up to 50

Exercises: Translation: 1) She won’t come this evening. 2) They study math. 3) He speaks English. 4) Nowadays I don’t go to the university. 5) When do you (familiar) return? 6) We will discuss that. 7) You don’t read the newspaper? 8) He (polite) rests in the afternoon. 9) She (familiar) writes books. 10) They don’t speak Nepali. Conjugation: Conjugate the present tense of तोक्न ु (to decide, to fix) for all pronouns.

Lesson 5 Translation (को

61

/ सँग):

1) That house doesn’t have any windows. 2) Do they have a car? 3) I don’t have my book with me. 4) Is this her house? 5) Does he have an older brother? 6) We don’t have any coffee at the moment. 7) Her mother is with her. 8) Do you have gloves?

Applications: 1) Ask someone when they came to America and how long they will be staying. 2) Confirm that a friend went to New York and then ask how (by what means) did s/he go? Find out if they liked the city? 3) Describe the members of your family: where they are and what they are doing. 4) Ask a friend how old the teacher is. Then confirm this with the teacher. 5) Say that you like apples but that your older sister doesn’t.

पाठ ६ (A)

A: B: A:

सन्चै ? सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई िन मलाई पिन सन्चै छ ।

?

अनबाद ु : A: B: A:

How are you? I’m fine. And you? I am also fine.

(B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाई बजार जानहन्छ ुु ? हो, म बजार जान्छ ु । कित बजे जानहन्छ ुु ? म चार बजे जान्छ ु । तपाई बजारमा के के िकन्नहु न्छ ु ? एउटा झोला र छाता िकन्छ ु । अिन बजारबाट कित बजे फकर्नहन्छ ुु अिन, ५ बजेितर फकर्न्छ ु होला ।

?

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Are you going to the market? Yes, I’m going. What time will you go? I will go at 4 o’clock. What will you buy at the market? I will buy a bag and an umbrella. What time will you return from the market? At about 5 o’clock.

(C) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

शम्भजी ु । हजरु ? तपाईले िचया खानभु यो ? हो, मैले खाएँ । कंणले पिन िचया खायो त ? ृ अहँ, उसले खाएन । िकन खाएन त ? िकनभने उसलाई िचया मन पद: न । उसलाई के मनपछ र् त ? उसलाई कफी मनपछ र् । Bयसोभए, उसले कफी खायो त ? हो, खायो । उसले कफी माऽ खायो िक अt िचज पिन खायो उसले केक र फल ु पिन खायो ।

?

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Lesson 6 (C)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Shambhu! Yes? Did you have tea? Yes, I did. Did Krishna also have tea, then? No, he didn’t (drink). Why didn’t he (drink) then? Because he doesn’t like tea. What does he like then? He likes coffee. In that case, did he drink coffee? Yes, he did. Did he have only coffee or something else as well? He also ate some cake and an egg. (D)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: C: A: C:

ए, भाई । ितमी आज ःकल ू गएनौ ? आज म ःकल ू गईन । िहजो गयौ त ? िहजो पिन गईन । िकन ? िकनभने अचेल मलाई सन्चो छै न । क्याथी, ितमी ःकल ू गयौ त ? म त गएँ । ितमीले ःकलमा के पढ्यौ ? ू मैले िहसाब र िब„ान पढP । ितमीलाई िहसाब र िब„ान को पढाउनहन्छ ुु िपटर सर पढाउनहन्छ ुु ।

?

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: C: A: C: A: C:

Hey, brother. You didn’t go to school today? I didn’t go to school today. How about yesterday then? Yesterday I didn’t go either. Why? Because I am not feeling well these days. Kathy, how about you then? I went. What did you study at school? I studied math and science. Who teaches you math and science? Mr. Peter teaches us.

(E) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

ए साहजी ु छ? ु , चरोट छ, कन ु ? ु चरोट याक चरोट ु छ? याक त छै न, ग•डा माऽ छ । एक बˆाको कित पछ र् ? एक बˆाको तीन tिपयाँ पछ र् । हन्छ ु िदनसु ् र एक बˆा सलाई पिन िदनसु,् है ु , एक बˆा चरोट िलनसु ् । िदनसु ् । जम्मा कित पैसा भयो ? जम्मा ितन tिपयाँ बीस पैसा भयो ।

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Lesson 6 (E)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Hello (Mr. Shopkeeper), do you have cigarettes? Yes, which (kind of) cigarette? Do you have ‘Yak’? No, I don’t have any ‘Yak’, I have only ‘Gaidaa’. How much does a pack cost? One pack costs three rupees. Ok, give me a pack of cigarettes and a box of matches as well. Please take it. Please give it to me. How much all together? Three rupees and 20 paisa all together.

(F) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

ठमेल टोलमा चीज पाईन्छ ? पाईदैन । ठमेलमा के पाईन्छ त ? चामल, तरकारी, फलफुल, था‰ा र अt मालसामान पाईन्छ । पvा हो ? पvा हो । चीज काहाँ पाईन्छ त ? डे री फाम र् र न्यरोडमा पाईन्छ । ु एक िकलोको कित पछ र् ? एक िकलोको १६० tिपयाँ पछ र् ।

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (F)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Is cheese available in Thamel Tol? No, it is not (available). What is available in Thamel then? Rice, vegetables, fruits, thankas and other goods. Really? Really. Where is cheese available then? It is available at the Dairy Farm and on New Road. How much does a kilo cost? It costs 160 rupees.

Comprehension:

आज िबहान म र शम्भजी ु साईकलमा बजार गयg । हामीले तरकारी र केरा िकन्यg । सन्तला र भईकटहर िकनेनg, िकनभने सन्तला र भईकटहर पाईएनन ् । ु ु ु ु हामीले चीज पिन िकनेनg , िकनभने Bयाहाँ चीज पिन पाइएन । Answer the following questions: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

आज िबहान हामी काहाँ गयg ? हामी कसरी गयg ? हामीले के के िकन्यg ? हामीले सन्तला र भईकटहर िकन िकनेनg ु ु हामीले चीज िकन्यg िक िकनेनg ? िकन हामीले चीज िकनेनg ?

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Lesson 6

संख्या : ५० ५१ ५२ ५३ ५४ ५५ ५६ ५७ ५८ ५९ ६०

पचास एकाउन्न बाउन्न ऽीपन्न चौव़न्न पच्पन्न छपन्न सन्ताउन्न अण्ठाउन्न उनन्साठी साठी

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Vocabulary :

सन्चै बजार पसल मालसामान िकन्नु बेच्नु छाता िकन ? िकनभने Bयसै यसोभए Bयसोभए उसोभए यसोभएर Bयसोभएर उसोभएर माऽ अt चीज फल ु िहजो अःती भोली पस€ अचेल साहजी ु

well, healthy market shop, store things, goods to buy to sell umbrella why? because just because if so, in this case if so, in that case if so, in that case this being the case, because of this that being the case, because of that that being the case, because of that only others stuff, things egg yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow now, these days shopkeeper (male, term of address)

Lesson 6

साहनी ु चरोट ु बˆा tिपयाँ सलाई िदनु िलनु जम्मा पैसा असन टोल चीज पाईनु चामल तका)र>, तरकारी फल फलफल ु पvा पvा हो ? तर

shopkeeper (female, term of address) cigarette pack, packet rupee(s) matches to give to take altogether, total paisa, money Asan Tol, name of a street in Kathmandu cheese to be available rice (uncooked) vegetables fruit fruits real, true really? but

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Grammar Notes : 1)

पाईनु -

to be available Positive

Negative

Present

पाईन्छ

पाईदैन

Past

पाईयो

पाईएन

उदाहरण: Bयाहाँ फलफल ू पाईन्छ पाईदैन । सलाई पाईयो ? पाईएन ।

?

Is fruit available there? It’s not available. Were matches available? They weren’t available.

2) त has two meanings in Nepali: a) त ‘then’

उदाहरणको लािग (for example) उ रामको भाई होईन । उ ँयामको भाई पिन होईन । उ कःको भाई हो त ?

He is not Ram’s brother. He is also not Shyam’s brother. Whose brother is he then?

b) त as for Y, in case of Y.

उ दाल भात खान्छ तर म त खािदन । अमेिरकामा गाईको मासु पाईन्छ तर नेपालमा त पाईदैन

He eats दाल-भात but I (as for me) don’t eat it. Beef is available in America, but as for/whereas in Nepal it is not available.

Lesson 6

73

Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • •

buy things, including finding out where they are available and how much they cost count from 51-60

Exercises: Applications 1) Find out if the shop has umbrellas, and if so how much they cost. 2) Ask a friend why they didn’t go to the university yesterday. 3) You need eggs, rice and vegetables so that you can cook dinner tonight. Find out where they are available and how much they cost from a friend, then go and buy them. 4) Explain that you aren’t going to buy a shirt right now because you don’t have any money with you. 5) Explain that since your (younger) sister doesn’t have a bike, she isn’t coming tomorrow.

पाठ ७ (A) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

आजभोली तपाई काहाँ बःनहन्छ ुु ? म बानेःव़रमा बःछ ु । बानेःवर काहाँ िनर छ ? िडल्लीबजार िनर छ । िकन सोध्नभयो ु ? Bयताितर अt डे रा पाईन्छ ? पाईन्छ, तपाईलाई कःतो डे रा चािहयो ? दईु ितनव़टा कोठाभएको चािहन्छ । ठीक छ, म खोज्छ ु ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Where are you staying these days? I live in Baneswar. Where is Baneswar? It is close to Dillibazar. Why did you ask? Are there other apartments available in that area? Sure, what kind of apartment do you need? I need an apartment with two or three rooms. Okay, I will look for one.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

तपाईलाई के चािहयो ? एरोमाम र िटकट चािहन्छ, पाईन्छ िक पाईदैन ? िकन नपाईन,ु पाईन्छ । उसोभए, दसव़टा एरोमाम र एक एक tिपयाँको पाँचव़टा िटकट िदनसु ् । हस ् । जम्मा कित भयो ? जम्मा १५ tिपयाँ भयो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

What do you need? I need aerograms and stamps (tickets), are they available or not? Why shouldn’t they be? They’re available. In that case, could you give me 10 aerograms and 5 one rupee stamps. Okay. How much is it altogether? It is 15 rupees total.

Lesson 7

77

Comprehension:

आज हाॆो डे रामा भोज छ । भोजमा धे रैजना मान्छे आउँ छन ् । Bयसकारण हािमलाई धे रै मास,ु फलफल ु , िपठो र चीज चािहन्छ । यी चीजबीज बजारमा पाईन्छन ् तर दही डे री फाममार् पाईन्छ । यी सबै खाना िकन्न अन्दाजी सय tिपयाँ लाग्छ । Answer the following question 1) 2) 3) 4)

आज कःको डे रामा भोज छ ? भोजमा कितजना मान्छे आउँ छन ् ? Bयसकारण हामीले के के िकन्नु पछ र् ? अन्दाजी कित पैसा लाग्छ, होला ?

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाई नेपाल किहले आउनभयो ु ? म एक हप्ता अिघ नेपाल आएँ । कसरी आउनभयो ु ? हव़ाईजहाजमा आएँ । तपाई एक्लै आउनभयो ु ? एक्लै आईन, धे रै साथीहt सँग आएँ । तपाईलाई नेपाल कःतो लाग्यो ? मलाई नेपाल रमाईलो लाग्यो । तपाई नेपालमा कित बःनहन्छ ुु ? म दईु बष र् बःछ ु । आजभोली के काम गनहु र् न्छ ु ? आजभोली म नेपाली भाषा िसक्छ ु । तपाई को सँग िसक्नहन्छ ुु ? बानु सँग िसक्दैछ ु । तपाईलाई नेपाली भाषा सिजलो लाग्यो िक गा॑ो लाग्यो मलाई नेपाली भाषा गा॑ो लाग्यो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

When did you come to Nepal? I came a week ago. How did you come? I came by airplane. Did you come alone? No, I came with many friends. How do you like Nepal? I like it. How long will you stay in Nepal? I will stay for two years. What are you doing these days? I study Nepali. With whom do you study Nepali? I am studying with Banu. Do you find Nepali easy or difficult? I find it difficult.

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Lesson 7

79

(D) A: B: A: B:

A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईलाई कःतो छ ? िठकै छ, तर अिलअिल थकाई लाग्यो । िकन ? िकनभने सात घण्टा नेपाली िसकP । Bयसमाथी, क्लासपिछ एक घण्टा सकर पिन खेल P । तपाईले नहाउनभयो ु ु त? नहाइन । जाडो छ, भोली नहाउँ ु ु छु । भोक लाग्यो ? हो, भोक पिन लाग्यो । खाना कित बजे खानहन्छ ुु ? सात बजे खान्छ ु ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

How are you? Alright, but a little tired. Why? Because I studied Nepali for 7 hours. On top of that, I also played soccer for an hour after class. Did you bathe then? No, I didn’t. It is cold, I’ll bathe tomorrow. Are you hungry? Yes, I am also hungry. When will you eat? I will eat at 7 o’clock.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (E)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

िहजो तपाईहt खाना खान काहाँ जानभयो ु ? िहजो ितबेती र•राँ े ु मा गयg र चाउचाउ खायg । तपाईहtलाई चाउचाउ कःतो लाग्यो ? मलाई त िमठो लाग्यो तर शम्भलाई ु िमठो लागेन । अिन उःले के खायो त ? अिन उ दाल-भात खान अकC र•राँ े ु मा गयो । उसलाई दाल-भात िमठो लाग्छ ? हो, उसलाई दाल-भात एकदम िमठो लाग्छ । तपाईलाई िन ? मलाई त दाल-भात Bयित िमठो लाग्दैन, अिलअिल माऽ िमठो लाग्छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Where did you all go to eat yesterday? We went to a Tibetan restaurant and had noodles. How did you like it? I liked it but Shambhu didn’t. What did he have then? Then he went to another restaurant for daal-bhaat. Does he like daal-bhaat? Yes, he likes it very much. How about you then? I (as for me) don’t like it that much, I like it some.

Lesson 7

81

Comprehension:

हामी दईु हप्ता अिघ नेपाल आयg । हामीलाई नेपाल रमाईलो लाग्यो । आजभोली हामी याहाँ नेपाली िसक्दैछg । िबहान हामी ठीक ६ बजे उठ्छg र खाने करा ु खान्छg । Bयसपिछ हामी नेपाली िसक्न क्लासमा जान्छg । हामी एक िदनमा करीब सात घण्टा नेपाली िसक्छg । अिन हामीलाई थकाई लाग्छ । Bयसोभएर, Bयःपिछ हामी हाॆो कोठामा जान्छg, एकिछन सuीत सन्छg ु र आराम गछF । Vocabulary :

सोध्नु जवाफ िदनु डे रा कोठा चािहनु ठीक छ खोज्नु एरोमाम / हव़ाईपऽ िटकट हलाक ु भोज मान्छे Bयसकारण Bयसोभएर मासु पीठो चीजबीज दही सबै

to ask to answer, to reply apartment room to need, to be needed is okay, fine to search, look for aerogram ticket or stamp post office party, feast person therefore, for that reason because of that, that being the case meat flour stuff, things yoghurt, curd all

82

खाना अन्दाजी सय िचŽी पठाउनु हप्ता आउने “X” गएको “X” िदन मिहना अिघ / अिग पिछ एक्लै काम सिजलो गा॑ो थकाई लाग्नु घण्टा नहाउन ु ु जाडो गम€ भोक लाग्नु चाउचाउ मोमो तर एकदम किरब

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer food about hundred letter to send week the coming “X” (week, month, year) the past “X” (week, month, year) day month before, ago after alone work easy hard, difficult to feel tired hour to bathe, wash cold (weather) hot (weather) to feel hungry noodles momos (Tibetan dumplings) but very, really about

Lesson 7

सिuत Bयित यित

music that much this much

Additional impersonal verbs (see Grammar Notes for explanation):

िनन्िा लाग्नु अल्छी लाग्नु खशी ु लाग्नु ,तखा) लाग्न ु िदv लाग्नु अचम्म लाग्न ु दख ु : लाग्नु िपर लाग्नु खोकी लाग्नु tघा लाग्नु थकाई लाग्नु रमाईलो लाग्नु भोक लाग्नु नरमाईलो लाग्नु िनरास लाग्न ु

to feel sleepy to feel lazy to feel happy to feel thirsty to feel bored to feel surprised to feel sorrow, to feel sad to feel sorry, to feel sad to have a cough to have a cold to feel tired to feel pleasant to feel hungry to feel unpleasant to feel frustrated

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Grammar Notes: 1) िकन

न

(verb) = why not / why shouldn’t it be so?

Examples:

िकन नपाईनु ? िकन नजानु ? 2)

लाग्नु

Why shouldn’t it/they be available? Why not to go?

is an impersonal verb. It does not have an exact translation. It has different

meanings in different situations. So far, we know four different kinds of a) To cost or require: बसको

भाडा कित लाग्छ

लाग्न:ु

?

How much does the bus fare cost? (b) To have: (subject takes लाई, past tense of लाग्न ु is used)

मलाई खोकी लाग्यो मलाई खोकी लागेको छै न

I have a cough. I don’t have a cough.

(c) To feel: (subject takes लाई, past tense of लाग्न ु is used for present situation)

लाग्छ Ð लाग्दैन लाग्यो Ð लागेन लाग्यो Ð लागेको छै न लागेकोछ Ð लागेको छैन

future or habitual tense/general use past tense present tense present perfect tense

Feelings are always past tense in Nepali because you feel something first then you express it:

उसलाई खशी ु लाग्यो उसलाई खशी ु लागेको छै न मलाई भोक लाग्यो ितनीलाई भोक लागेको छै न

He feels happy. He has not felt happy. I am hungry (I felt hungry). She is not hungry (she has not felt hungry).

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Lesson 7 (d) To be: (subject takes लाई, past tense of लाग्न ु is used)

कमलालाई िब„ान गा॑ो लाग्यो

Kamala finds science difficult.

3) The infinitive form is used in a sentence by replacing the “u” of the root verb with an “a”. For example, िकन्न ु becomes िकन्न:

म कलम िकन्न गएँ ।

I went to buy a pen.

Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • • •

handle post offices use the different meanings of लाग्न ु use the infinitive verbs

Exercises: Translation 1) They came two weeks ago. 2) I’m not thirsty right now. Maybe later. 3) Do you have a cold? 4) How much do 2 kilos of rice cost? 5) She (familiar) likes to dance very much. 6) Please give me 5 of the 10 rupee pens. 7) Are they all looking for apartments? 8) He (familiar) didn’t answer because he doesn’t know. 9) Are you (polite) living in Kathmandu?

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer 10) Math is easy for her, but she finds history a bit difficult. 11) We are going to Asan Tol. 12) I’m hungry, are you?

Fill in the blanks with िनर, मा, अिघ 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

हलाक ....... िटकट पाईन्छ । ु तपाई Uल्याकबोड र् ...... जानभएन । ु एक हप्ता ....... छˆु ी िथयो । एक हप्ता ....... ७ िदन हन्छ ु । मेरो साथीको घर पाहाड ...... छ । राम दईु मिहना .... इथका आयो ।

Applications: 1)

A friend has found a possible apartment for you. Find out where it is, how much it costs a month, and when it will be available.

2)

Explain that because there was a party last night you didn’t sleep much. That’s why you are sleepy now.

3)

Ask if many people are coming to the party tomorrow and suggest that since it is very hot, they will be thirsty. Say that for that reason you are going to the store to buy some stuff. Confirm that it’s okay.

पाठ ८ (A) A: B: A: C: A: B: A: B: A: C:

Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानसु ् । तपाई के गद: हनहGछ ? ु ु ु म Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जादैछ ु । व़हाँ के गद: हनहGछ ? ु ु ु व़हाँ Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जादैहनहन्छ ु ुु । Uल्याकबोड र्मा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् । तपाई के गद: हनहGछ ु ु ु म Uल्याकबोड र्मा मेरो नाम लेख्दैछ ु । तपाईले के गनभयो ु र् ? मैले Uल्याकबोड र्मा मेरो नाम लेख P । व़हाँले के गनभयो ु र् ? व़हाँले Uल्याकबोड र्मा व़हाँको नाम लेख्नभु यो ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: C: A: B: A: B: A: C:

Go near the blackboard. What are you doing? I am going to the blackboard. What is s/he doing? S/he is going to the blackboard. Write your name on the blackboard. What are you doing? I am writing my name on the blackboard. What did you do? I wrote my name on the blackboard. What did s/he do? S/he wrote his/her name on the blackboard.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: C: A: B:

ितमीहt ढोका बािहर जाउ । ितमीहt के हामीहt ढोका बािहर जादैछg । उनीहt के गद: छन् ? उनीहt ढोका बािहर जादैछन ् । ितमीहtले के ग|यौ ? हामीहt ढोका बािहर गयg ।

गद: छौ ?

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: C: A: B:

Go out the door (2nd person familiar plural). What are you doing? We are going out the door. What are they doing? They are going out the door. What did you (plural) do? We went out the door.

(C)

A: B: A: B:

िपटर अिहले के गद: छ ? उ अिहले पढ्दैछ ? उ के पढ्दैछ ? उ नेपाली िकताब पढ्दैछ ।

अनबा ु द: A: B: A: B:

What is Peter doing now? He is reading. What is he reading? He is reading a Nepali book.

Lesson 8 (D)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको भाई छ ? छ। काहाँ छ ? बःटनमा छ । के काम गछ र् ? उ कलेजमा पढ्छ । उ कित बष र् भयो ? उ बीस बष र् भयो । तपाईको बिहनी िछन ् ? मेरो बिहनी िछन ् । तपाईको बिहनी के काम गिछ र्न ् ? मेरो बिहनी ःकल ू मा पिढ्छन ् । उनी के पिढ्छन ् ? उनी िहसाब, िब„ान र भगोल पिढ्छन ् । ु उनी कित वष र् भईन ् ? उनी पन्ी वष र् भईन ् ।

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: B: A:

Do you have a younger brother? Yes. Where is he? He is in Boston. What does he do? He studies at college. How old is he? He is twenty. Do you have a younger sister? Yes. What does your younger sister do? She studies at school. What does she study? She studies math, science and geography. How old is she? She is 15.

(E)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको बा-आमा हनहन्छ ु ुु ? हनहन्छ ु ुु । काहाँ हनहन्छ ु ुु ? अमेिरकामा हनहन्छ ु ुु । तपाईको बा के काम गनहन्छ ु र् ु ? मेरो बा ःकल ुु । ू मा पढाउनहन्छ आमा िन ? आमा घरको काम गनहन्छ ु र् ु ? तपाईको बा-आमा कित वष र् हनभयो ु ु ? बा पचास वष र् र आमा प•तालीस वष र् हनभयो ु ु ।

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Lesson 8 (E)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Are your parents alive? Yes. Where do they live? They live in America. What does your father do? My father teaches in a school. And your mother? My mother works at home/she is a housewife. How old are your parents? My father is 50 and my mother is 45 years old.

(F)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

नमःकार शम्भज ु ु ु ु ी । तपाई के गद: हनहGछ म यो िकताब पढ्दैछ ु । के िकताब हो ? उपन्यास हो । उपन्यास कःतो छ ? एकदम चाखलाग्दो छ । पिछ मलाई पिन पढ्न िदनसु ् है ? हन्छ ु , िदन्छ ु ।

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (F)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Hello, Shambhu. What are you doing? I am reading this book. What kind of book is it? It’s a novel. What’s it like? It is very interesting. Later could you give it to me to read? Yes, I’ll give it to you. (G)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

जन कन ु भाषा बोल्छ ? उ अँमेजी भाषा बोल्छ । आजभोली उ कन ु भाषा िसक्दैछ ? आजभोली उ नेपाली भाषा िसक्दैछ । उ शम्भु सँग िसक्दैछ ? होईन, उ बानु सँग िसक्दैछ । एक िदनमा कित घण्टा िसक्छ त ? उ ६ घण्टा करा ु गन र् र एक घण्टा लेख्न पढ्न िसक्छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What language does John speak? He speaks English. What language is he studying these days? He is studying Nepali. Is he studying with Shambhu? No, he is studying with Banu. How many hours a day does he study? He has six hours of conversation class and one hour of reading and writing.

Lesson 8 (H) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको घर काहाँ हो ? मेरो घर नेपाल हो । तपाईको घर शहरमा छ िक गाउँ मा छ ? मेरो घर गाउँ मा छ । तपाईको गाउँ सानो छ िक ठलो ू छ? मेरो गाउँ ठलो ू छ। तपाईको गाउँ सफा छ िक फोहर छ ? मेरो गाउँ Bयित सफा छै न, अिलअिल सफा छ । रमाईलो छ ? रमाईलो छ । तपाईको गाउँ मा कितजना मािनस छन ् ? अन्दाजी दस हजारजना मािनस छन ् ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Where are you from? I am from Nepal. Do you live in a city or a village? I live in a village. Is your village small or big? My village is big. Is your village clean or dirty? My village isn’t that clean, it’s fairly clean. Is it pleasant? Yes, it is pleasant. How many people are there in your village? There are about 10,000 people.

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देबको ऊचाई साढे ६ िफट छ । शम्भको ु ऊचाई पाँच िफट ६ ईन्च छ । हरीको ऊचाई पाँच िफट ४ ईन्च छ । हरी भन्दा शम्भु अग्लो छ । शम्भु भन्दा दे ब अग्लो छ । हरी, देब भन्दा होचो छ ।

अनबाद ु : Dev is six and a half feet tall. Shambhu is five feet six inches tall. Hari is five feet four inches tall. Shambhu is taller than Hari. Dev is taller than Shambhu. Hari is shorter than Dev.

(J) A: B: A: B:

नाईल नदी भन्दा िमिसिसपी नदी छोटो छ िक लामो छ ? नाईल नदी भन्दा िमिसिसपी नदी छोटो छ । नाईल नदी भन्दा आमजन नदी लामो छ िक छोटो छ ? आमजन नदी, नाईल नदी भन्दा छोटो छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B:

Is the Mississippi River shorter or longer than the Nile River? The Mississippi is shorter than the Nile. Is the Amazon longer or shorter than the Nile? The Amazon is shorter than the Nile.

Lesson 8 (K)

A: B: A: B: A: B:

संसारको सUभन्दा अग्लो पहाड कन ु हो ? संसारको सUभन्दा अग्लो पहाड सगरमाथा हो । संसारको सUभन्दा लामो नदी कन ु हो ? संसारको सUभन्दा लामो नदी नाईल हो । संसारमा सUभन्दा धे रै मािनस कन ु दे शमा छन ् ? संसारमा सUभन्दा धे रै मािनस िचनमा छन ् ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B:

Which is the tallest mountain in the world? The tallest mountain in the world is Everest. Which river is the longest in the world? The longest river in the world is the Nile. Which is the most populous country in the world? China is the most populous country in the world.

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Vocabulary :

बािहर िभऽ

नमःकार

चाखलाग्दो शहर गाउँ िक सानो ठलो ू सफा फोहर हजार मािनस ऊचाई साढे अग्लो होचो नदी छोटो लामो संसार पहाड

outside inside alternate form of

नमःते

interesting city village or small big clean dirty thousand people, person height

plus one-half (for telling time साढे tall short (height) river short (length) long world mountain, hill

चार = 4:30)

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Lesson 8 Grammar Notes : 1) The present progressive tense is made by dropping adding दै

+ the appropriate conjugation of छ :

नु

from the root verb and

Example:

म खादैछ ु तपाई खादैहनहन्छ ु ुु उ खादैछ

I am eating. You are eating. He is eating.

See the table at the end of this book for the complete conjugation. There is no negative form of the present progressive, although you may occasionally hear it in spoken Nepali. To give a negative response to a question, simply negate the question with होईन and then say what you are doing. Example:

2)

ितमी

तपाई पढ्दैहनहन्छ ु ुु ? होईन, म लेख्दैछ ु ।

Are you reading? No, I’m writing.

(the “familiar second person”) command or imperative form has two

patterns: -if the root verb minus न ु ends in a vowel, drop the न ु and add उ

उदाहरण: खानु जानु िसकाउनु

→ → →

ितमी खाउ ितमी जाउ ितमी िसकाउ

-if the root verb minus न ु ends in a consonant, drop the न ु and add अ

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

उदाहरण: लेख्नु हेनु र्

→ →

3) भन्दा and सबभन्दा

भन्दा

ितमी लेख ितमी हेर

/ सबैभन्दा

is used for comparing two things, similar to “than.” There are two possible

sentence structures with the same meaning: X भन्दा Y “adj.” छ or Y, X भन्दा, “adj.” छ Example:

न्ययोकर् भन्दा ईथका सानो छ । ू अथबा ईथका, न्ययोकर् भन्दा सानो छ । ू

Ithaca is smaller than New York.

हरी, राम भन्दा होचो छ । अथबा राम भन्दा हरी होचो छ ।

Hari is shorter than Ram.

सUभन्दा (सबै+भन्दा)

means “compared to all” and is used to make superlative

comparisons (“the — est”). सUभन्दा should always be followed by an adjective.

Lesson 8

उदाहरण: Bयो मोटर सUभन्दा नराॆो छ । उ सUभन्दा बिलयो मान्छे हो ।

That is the worst car. He is the strongest person.

Objectives: By the end of this lesson you should be able to: • • •

conjugate and use the present progressive tense compare things use the 2nd person familiar command

Exercises: Translation: 1) I am going to the store. 2) Ithaca is cleaner than New York City. 3) Younger sister, buy some yoghurt from the dairy farm. 4) My younger brother is taller than I am. 5) Oranges are sweeter than limes. 6) He (familiar) is asking the teacher. 7) Are they working in the city? 8) Thai food is the hottest in the world. 9) She (polite) is looking for her book. 10) We are cleaning our apartment. 11) Come inside, younger brother. 12) Are you living with your older brother?

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Conjugation:

Conjugate the present progressive tense of मान्न ु (to honor, follow, respect, obey) for all pronouns.

Applications: 1) Tell a young child to close the window. 2) Ask politely if a group of people speak English. 3) Ask a shopkeeper if s/he has apples or bananas. 4) You’ve been asked about your recent travels in Nepal. Say that you liked Kathmandu better than Pokhara, but that Tansen was the nicest of all.

पाठ ९ (A) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

टमजी । हजरु । तपाईको साईकल छ ? अहँ, मेरो साईकल छै न । कःको साईकल छ त ? िजमको छ, तर बािहर छ । तपाईलाई िकन चािहयो मलाई एकिछन बािहर जान चािहयो । हन्छ ु , िजमको साईकल माग्नसु ् न त । हव़स ् ।

?

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: B: A: B:

Tom! Yes! Do you have a bike. No, I don’t. Who does have a bike then? Jim has a bike, but it is outside now. Why do you need it? I need it to go out for a while. Okay, ask for Jim’s bike then. Okay.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

तपाई बािहर जानभएन ? ु अहँ, गईन । िकन, के भयो ? िजमको साईकल अग्लो छ, म चढ्न सिक्दन । उसोभए देबको िलनसु ् न, होचो छ । दे बको साईकल याहाँ छै न । छ, िभऽ कोठामा छ । िजमको साईकलभन्दा देबको साईकल नयाँ पिन छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

You didn’t go out? No, I didn’t. Why, what happened? Jim’s bike is (too) tall, I can’t ride it. In that case get Dev’s. It is short. Dev doesn’t have his bike here. Yes he does, it’s inside the room. Compared to Jim’s bike, Dev’s is also newer. (C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

शम्भजी ु , आज के बार हो ? आज शबबार हो । ु भोली िन ? भोली शिनबार हो र छिˆ ु छ। भोली कित तािरख हो ? भोली अगःटको तीन तािरख हो । पस€ आईतबार तपाईको क्लास छ ? छ, आईतबार, सोमबार, मuलबार, बधबार , हरक े िदन छ । ु , िबहीबार र शबबार ु शनीबार माऽै क्लास छैन ।

Lesson 9

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(C)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Shambhu, what day is it today? Today is Friday. And tomorrow? Tomorrow is Saturday and it is a day off. What is tomorrow’s date? Tomorrow is the 3rd of August. Do you have a class on Sunday, the day after? Yes! Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday - I have class every day. I don’t have class on Saturday.

(D) A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

B: A:

अिहले कित बज्यो ? अिहले आठ बज्यो बानजी ु । ओहो । िढलो भयो । िकन, के काम छ ? आठ बजे देिख कक्षा छ, म अिहले सम्म यही“ छ ु । तपाई कित घण्टा पढाउनहन्छ ुु ? आठ बजे देिख पौने ९ बजे सम्म िब„ान, पौने ९ बजे देिख साढे नौ बजे सम्म िहसाब पढाउछ ु । फे िर सबा १० बजे देिख ११ बजे सम्म मानब सा‚ पढाउछ ु । ओहो ! सबा दईु घण्टा पढाउनहु न्ु छ ? बाफरबाफ े , कित धे रै कक्षा । हजरु , मेरो कक्षा जम्मा ितनव़टा छन ् ।

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (D)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

What time is it now? It is 8 o’clock now, Banuji. It’s gotten late! Why, what do you have to do? I have a class at 8 o’clock, and I am still here. How many hours do you teach? I teach science from 8 to 8:45 and math from 8:45 to 9:30. And again from 10:15 to 11, I teach anthropology. You teach 2 and a quarter hours? Wow, so many classes! Yes, I have three classes all together. (E)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाईको घडी ठीक छ ? ठीक छ, िकन ? तपाईको घडीमा कित बज्यो ? दस बजेर आठ िमनेट गयो । तपाईको घडीमा कित बज्यो नी मेरो घडीमा दस बज्न चार िमनेट बाँकी छ । मेरो िबचारमा, मेरो घडी भन्दा तपाईको घडी िढलो छ । हो र ? िक मेरो भन्दा तपाईको घडी िछटो छ ? ल, हेरg ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Is your watch okay? It has the right time, why? What time is it? It is 8 minutes after 10. What times does your watch have? My watch says it is 4 minutes to 10. I think your watch is slower than mine. Is it so? Or is yours faster than mine? Let’s see.

?

Lesson 9 (F) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

ए । पालेभाई । हजरु ? याहाँ हेर त । िकन सर ? “कित बज्यो ?” बानलाई ु सोध त । सर, व़हाँ अिफसमा हनहन् ु ु ुन । बानु काहाँ हनहन्छ ु ुु त? कन्ु नी, सर । बािहर केदारलाई सोध त ? हस ् सर, घण्टी बजाउछ ु अिन सोध्न जान्छ ु । िछटो गर, है ? हस,् सर ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Yo! Watchman brother. Yes? Look here. Why, sir? Ask Banu “what time is it” ? Sir, she is not in the office right now. Where is she then? I don’t know, sir. Would you ask Kedar then? Okay, sir. Let me ring the bell and I will go ask Kedar. Hurry up, okay? Okay, sir.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (G)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

भात खाएर आउनभयो ु बानजी ु ? भात खाएर आएँ । खाना कःतो िथयो ? िमठो िथयो, तपाई खानहन् ु ुन ? अँ, म नहाए ु पिछ खान्छ ु । अब तपाई के गनहन्छ ु र् ु त बानजी ु ? म त एकिछन आराम गरेपिछ अिफसमा जान्छ ु । आजभोली तपाईको अिफसमा िनvै काम छ िक के हो ? एकदम धे रै काम छ, अिफसमा पगेुपिछ त सास फे न र् पिन फस ु दर् हदैु न । धे रै काम नगनसु र् ् , िबरामी हनु ु होला । के गन,ु र् काम गन: पछ,र् नऽ खाना खान पाईदैन । Bयो त पvा हो, जीबन यःतै छ ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

Banu, did you come having eaten? Yes, I ate and then came. How was the food? It was good, aren’t you going to eat? Yes, I will eat after I take a bath. What will you do now, Banu? I (as for me) will take a rest for a while then, after that, I will go to the office. These days do you have lot of work to do at the office or what? Yes, a lot, after one arriving at the office there isn’t even time to breathe. Don’t work hard, you might become ill. What to do, one must work, otherwise one can’t make a living. You are right, such is life.

Lesson 9

Comprehension:

107

मेरो साईकल छै न । मलाई साईकल चािहयो, तर िजमको साईकल अग्लो छ । म अग्लो साईकल चढ्न सिक्दन । आज शबबार हो र अगःटको तीन तािरख हो । ु आज मेरो क्लास छ । म आठ बजे देिख सबा १० बजे सम्म िब„ान र िहसाब पढाउछ ु । अिहले मेरो घडीमा आठ बज्न चार िमनेट बाँकी छ । म िछटो भात खाएर अिफसमा जान्छ ु । अिफसको काम िसिधएपिछ आज बेलका ु म िसनेमा हेन र् जान्छ ु िकनभने भोली अिफस जानु पद: न । भोली शिनबार हो र छˆी ु छ । आज मासु र भात पकाएर खान्छ ु । सायद बेलका ु िसनेमा हेरेर घर फकLप,छ कखराको ु ु एउटा िचसो िबयर पिन खान्छ ु होला ।

संख्या : ६० ६१ ६२ ६३ ६४ ६५ ६६ ६७ ६८ ६९ ७०

साठी एकसxी बयसxी िऽसxी चौसxी प•सxी छयसxी सतसxी अठसxी उनान्सFरी सFरी

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Vocabulary :

साईकल माग्नु चढ्नु सक्नु नयाँ परानो ु बार छˆी ु तािरख कक्षा आईतबार सोमबार मuलबार बधबार ु िबहीबार शबबार ु शनीबार हरक े कित बज्यो िढलो िछटो देिख बाट सम्म पढाउनु पौने X

bicycle to ask for, to request, to demand, to beg to ride, to climb to be able (to do something) new old day (of the week) holiday, day off day of the month, date (in Western calendar) class Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday every

?

what time is it? slow, late fast, early from from up to to teach a quarter to X

Lesson 9

साढे X सवा X डे ढ फे िर बाफरबाफ े हजरु बाँकी मेरो िबचारमा हेनु र् देख्नु भेट्नु िनvै िबरामी हनुु पग्न ु ु आइपग्न ु ु सास फे नु र् फस ु दर् िचसो नऽभने कखराको मासु ु ु शायद यःतो / यःतै जीबन मानब-शा‚ ओहो बाफरबाफ े तपाईलाई भेटेर खशी ु लाग्यो

half past X, one and a half X a quarter after X 1:30 (one and a half) again wow! (positive expression of surprise) yes remaining I think, in my opinion to look, to watch to see to meet, to see a lot to be ill to reach to arrive (to come and arrive) to breathe free time cold otherwise chicken meat perhaps such/ like this life anthropology oh! wow! pleased to meet you

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

Grammar Notes : 1)

सक्नु ‘to be able’ is often used with the infinitive form of other verbs to express

the ability to do something.

उदाहरण: म नेपाली लेख्न सक्छ ु अिहले उ तपाई सँग भेट्न सक्दैन

I can write Nepali He can’t meet with you now

2) Time expressions: Minutes before and after the hour are usually expressed as follows:

बज्न Y िमनेट बाँकी छ X बजेर Y िमनेट गयो X

Y minutes to X o’clock Y minutes after X o’clock

Examples:

दस बज्न चार िमनेट बाँकी छ दस बजेर आठ िमनेट गयो 3)

एर

and

एपिछ

four minutes to 10 o’clock eight minutes after 10 o’clock

are used to join two consecutive actions: “(verb X)

एर

(verb Y)”

means “to do X and then Y,” and often implies that the two actions are interdependent. The structure is made by dropping -न ु and adding

एर

verb, and then conjugating the second verb normally.

खानु लेख्नु जानु बःनु गनु र्

→ → → → →

खाएर लेखेर गएर बसेर गररे

to the root form of the first

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Lesson 9

उदाहरणको लािग

(for example):

I went to the store and bought rice.

म बजार गएँ र मैले चामल िकनP । बजार गएर मैले चामल िकनP । S/he took the book and left.

व़हाँले िकताब िलनभयो ु र व़हाँ जानभयो ु । व़हाँ िकताब िलएर जानभयो ु ।

She comes to the class and learns Nepali.

ितनी कक्षामा आउिछन ् र ितनी नेपाली िसिक्छन ् । ितनी कक्षामा आएर नेपाली िसिक्छन ् । They discuss and write the report.

उनीहt छलफल गछ र्न ् र ूितवेदन लेख्छन ् । उनीहt छलफल गररे ूितवेदन लेख्छन ् ।

“(verb X) एपिछ (verb Y)” means “to do Y after doing X”. This structure is made by dropping -न ु and adding एपिछ to the root form of the first verb:

खानु लेख्नु जानु नाच्नु (to dance) िजःकाउनु (to kid, to pick on)

→ → → → →

खाएपिछ लेखेपिछ गएपिछ नाचेपिछ िजःकाएपिछ

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

उदाहरणको लािग

(for example)

:

He goes to the office after eating daal-bhat.

उ दालभात खान्छ अिन Bयसपिछ उ अिफस जान्छ । दालभात खाएपिछ उ अिफस जान्छ । Yesterday after having a discussion, we wrote papers.

िहजो हामीले छलफल ग|यg, Bयसपिछ हामीले लेख लेख्यg । िहजो हामीले छलफल गरेपिछ लेख लेख्यg । After dancing an hour, Radhika will go home.

रािधका एक घण्टा नािच्छन ् Bयसपिछ ितनी घर जािन्छन ् । एक घण्टा नाचेपिछ रािधका घर जािन्छन ् ।

Shyam’s father will come after Ram’s father comes.

रामको बा आउनहन्छ ु ु Bयसपिछ ँयामको बा आउनहन्छ ुु । रामको बा आएपिछ ँयामको बा आउनहन्छ ुु ।

113

Lesson 9 Objectives: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • • •

use “able/not able” know the days of the week and the month tell and ask times in Nepali

• •

use एर and एपिछ structures count the numbers up to 70

Exercises: Time: Translate the following into Devanagari script 4:56 6:30 8:25

12:20 2:05 3:10

7:15 10:45 1:30

11:14 2:30 1:45

Translation: 1) They can write Nepali. 2) Yesterday we went to Asan Tol and bought vegetables. 3) Will you play soccer after you study? 4) I don’t think I can buy the bike right now because I don’t have any money with me. 5) He will go to Nepal after learning Nepali. 6) I will finish my work and come. 7) After he took a long breath he rode his bicycle up the hill. Applications: 1) Describe your daily routine, try to fit more than one action into each sentence. 2) Ask someone if they can come to the office a little early the day after tomorrow.

पाठ १० (A) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाई नेपाल आएको कित भयो ? झण्डै दईु मिहना भयो । तपाईको घर देिख याहाँ सम्म आउन कित डलर लाग्छ अन्दाजी चौध सय डलर । तपाईलाई Bयितका पैसा कःले िदयो ? मेरो अिफसले । तपाई कन ु र् ु ? ु अिफसमा काम गनहन्छ म िशक्षा मन्ऽालयमा काम गछ ु र् ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

How long have you been in Nepal? Two months. How much does it cost to come from your home to here? About $1400. Who gave you that much money? My office did. Who do you work for? I work for the Ministry of Education.

?

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (B)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

तपाई पोखरा जानभयो ु ? म पोखरा गएँ । कसरी जानभयो ु ? हव़ाईजहाजमा गएँ र बसमा फकM । तपाईलाई पोखरा मन पNयो ? हो, धे रै मन पNयो । पोखरामा तपाईलाई के के मन पNयो? मलाई िहमाल र ूाकृ ितक सन्दरता / सौन्दय र् मन ु

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Did you go (have you been) to Pokhara? Yes, I went (have been) to Pokhara. How did you get there? I went by plane and returned by bus. Did you like Pokhara? Yes, I liked it a lot. What did you like in Pokhara? I liked the Himalayas and the natural beauty. (C)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

ितमीलाई सUभन्दा धे रै कन ु खेल मन पछ र् ? मलाई सUभन्दा धे रै फट ु बल मन पछ र् । अt के मन पछ र् ? बाःकेट बल पिन मन पछ र् । टे िनस नी ? टे िनस मन पद: न । िकन ? िकनभने म टे िनस खेल्न जािन्दन ।

पNयो

।

Lesson 10 (C)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What games do you like the most? I like football. What else do you like? I also like basketball. And what about tennis? I don’t like tennis. Why? Because I don’t know how to play tennis.

(D) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

ितमीलाई िबयर मन पछ र् िक रक्सी मन पछ र् ? िबयर मन पछ,र् रक्सी मन पद: न । ितमी िबयर सध< खान्छौ ? अहँ खािदन, किहलेकािहँ खान्छ ु । रक्सी नी ? रक्सी त किहलेपिन खािदन । ितॆो साथीलाई रक्सी मन पछ र् िक िबयर मन पछ र् ? उसलाई दबैु मन पछ र् ।

117

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

(D)

Do you like beer or liquor? I like beer, I don’t like liquor. Do you always drink beer? No, just sometimes. And liquor? As for liquor, I never drink it. Does your friend like liquor or beer? He likes both.

(E) A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

िहजो मलाई मोमो खान मन लागेर ओम र•राँ े ु मा गएँ । ओम र•राँ े ु काहाँ छ ? नयाँ सडकमा । Bयाहाँको मोमो कःतो लाग्यो ? िमठो लाग्यो, तर र•राँ े ु Bयित सफा छै न । अt के के खानभु यो ? अt केिहपिन खाईन ।

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

Yesterday I felt like eating momos and went to Om’s Restaurant. Where is Om’s Restaurant? It’s on New Road. How did you like the momos? They were good but the restaurant is not very clean. What else did you eat? Nothing else.

Lesson 10

119

(F) A: B: A: B: A: B:

िहजो िदउसो के गनभयो ु र् ? नेपाली िसनेमा हेर P । “साईनो” नाम भएको । मन पNयो त ? Bयितको मन परने । िकन ? कथा चाखलाग्दो िथएन र Bयसको साथसाथै अिभनय पिन Bयित राॆो िथएन ।

अनबा ु द: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What did you do yesterday? I watched a Nepali film. It was called Saino. Did you like it? I didn’t like it that much. Why? The story was not interesting and on top of that the acting was poor.

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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer (G)

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

A:

B: A:

ितमी िहजो िकन क्लासमा आएनौ ? मलाई नेपाली पढ्न मन लागेन । िकन ? िकनभने मलाई अल्छी लाग्यो र मेरो टाउको पिन दख्ु यो । अिहले पढ्न मन लागेको छ त ? अिहले त मन लागेको छ । कित घण्टा सम्म पढ्न सक्छौ होला त ? दईु घण्टा सम्म पढ्न सक्छ ु होला । फे िर अिहले पिन अल्छी लाग्यो भने के गछO ? आज त अल्छी लाग्यो भने िचसो पानीमा नहाएर कफी खाएर पढ्न बःछ ु । ु तर एकदम धे रै टाउको दख्यो ु भने के गछO ? Bयःतो दख्यो भने याःपृन खान्छ ु । Bयःतो बेलामा तपाई के गनहन्छ ु ु र् ु िन सर ? Bयःतो बेलामा म त सBु न कोिशस गछ ु र् । िनदाउन सिकयो भने शिररलाई आराम िमल्छ र टाउको दख्ु न पिन िबषेक हनु सक्छ । अझै पिन िबषेक भएन भने के गनहन्छ ु र् ु त सर ? यिद िबषेक भएन भने ताइलानोल खान्छ ु िक डाक्टर काँ जान्छ ु ।

121

Lesson 10 (G)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

Why didn’t you come to class yesterday? I didn’t feel like studying Nepali. Why? Because I felt lazy and also had a headache. Do you want to study (feel like studying) now? Yes, I do. For how many hours? For two hours. What do you think you will do if you feel lazy again now? If I feel the same now I will take a cold shower, drink coffee and study. Well, if you have a bad headache what will you do? In that case I will take an aspirin. And, what about you? In that situation I would try to sleep. Because if I can sleep, the body can get rest and the headache will also be cured. Still, if you are not cured what will you do? If it is still not cured, then either I would take Tylenol or go to the doctor.

(H) A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

ओ साथी नमःकार है, सन्चै हनहन्छ ु ुु ? नमःकार, नमःकार सन्चै छ,ु तपाई नी ? म पिन सन्चै छ,ु के छ तपाईको हालखबर ? ठीकै छ । होईन साथी मैले त भसvै ु ु ,बसM, आज कक्षामा कःको भाषण छ, हँ ूाध्यापक क्याथी माचको र् भाषण छ । भाषण के को बारमा े छ? नेपाली चलन र संःकतीको बारमा ृ े छ। कित बजे सtु हन्छ ु , तपाईलाई थाहा छ ?

?

122 B: A: B:

A: B: A: B: A: B:

A: B:

A: B:

A: B:

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

िकन थाहा नहनु,ु ठीक १० बजे सtु हन्छ ु । Bयसोभए हामी Bयाहाँ कित बजे पग्न ु ु पछ र् ? मेरो िबचारमा हामी Bयाहाँ पौने १० बजे पग्नै ु पछ,र् िकनभने Bयाहाँ गएर हामीले कोठा सफा गररे मेचहt िमलाउनु पछ र् । हामीले भाषणको नोट लेख्नु पछ र् िक पद: न ? पद: न, अिनबाय र् छै न, तर यिद तपाईले लेख्नभ ु यो भने राॆो हन्छ ु । साथी, नेपाली चलनमा कोठा बािहर जFा ु फकाल्न ु ु पछ र् रे, हो ? हो, पछ र् । गाउँ मा त खाना पिन हातले खानु पछ र् रे, हो ? पद: न, तर के गनह ु र् न्छ ु ? Bयाहाँ काँटा चम्चा पाइदैन Bयसोभएर हातले खानै पछ र् र खाना खाएपिछ हात धनैु पछ र् िकनभने हात जठो ु हन्छ ु हातले ु – जठो केिहपिन छनु ु हदैु न । यिद तपाईले जठो ु हात धनु भु एन भने र अtलाई छनुभु यो भने Bयो राॆो हदैु न र मािनसहtले तपाईलाई असभ्य अथबा जuली भन्छन ् । Bयसैले आज भाषण राॆो सँग सन्ु नसु ् र ूँन सोध्न पिन लाज नमान्नसु ् । हन्छ बारमा े कसरी थाहा भयो, हँ ? ु ु , तर क्याथीलाई यी कराको हFेरी । तपाई पिन कःतो करा ु र् ु , तपाईलाई थाहा छै न ? क्याथीले ु गनहन्छ नेपालमा Bयित धे रै बष र् बसेर अध्ययन गरको गरको े र अनसन्धान े । ु ए, हो र ? मलाई थाहा िथएन । हो हो, ल जाने बेला भयो जाऔ “ । किहलेकािहँ तपाईको करा ु बQु न पिन गा॑ो हन्छ ु । Bयसै निरसाउनसु ् न । मलाई सFे थाहा िथएन । ल ल हन्छ ु । अब जाऔ “ ।

Lesson 10

123

(H)

अनबाद ु : A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

A: B: A: B: A: B:

Hello friend, namaskaar, how are you? Namaskaar, I am fine, and you? I am also fine. What’s news? Everything’s okay. Well, who is giving the talk in class today, do you know? Because I completely forget. Professor Kathy March. What will it be about? It will be about the customs and culture of Nepal. Do you know what time it begins? Of course, right at 10 o’clock. So what time should we be there? I think we must be there by 9:45 because we need to clean the room and arrange the chairs. Do we have to take notes of the speech? Don’t have to, it’s not mandatory. However it would be good if you do. My friend, I heard that the Nepali custom is that you must take your shoes off outside the room, is that so? Yes, you should. I heard that in rural areas you have to eat food with your hands, is that true also? You don’t have to, but what can you do? You can’t find a spoon or fork around there therefore you must eat with your hands and after you finish eating you must wash your hands because they will be polluted. You should not touch anything with polluted hands. If you don’t wash and you touch people or things with dirty hands, that that’s not good and people will think of you as uncivilized and barbarian. So, listen to the talk carefully and don’t be shy to ask questions. OK, but how does Kathy know about all these things? Oh no! What are you saying? Don’t you know that Kathy lived in Nepal for so many years and did research? Oh! Is that so? I didn’t know. Yes, yes. It’s time to go. Let us go. Man! It is sometimes difficult to understand you. Come on, don’t get upset for no reason. I swear I didn’t know that. OK, OK, let’s go now.

124

Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer

संख्या : ७० ७१ ७२ ७३ ७४ ७५ ७६ ७७ ७८ ७९ ८०

सFरी एकहFर बहFर ऽीहFर चौहFर पचहFर छयहFर सतहFर अठहFर उनानअ् सी असी

Lesson 10

Vocabulary :

जान्नु Bयित यित िशक्षा मन्ऽालय पोखरा िहमाल ूकती ृ ूाकितक ृ सन्दरता / सौन्दय र् ु ताल रक्सी सध