THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB EDITED BY
G. P. GOOLD PREVIOUS EDITORS T. E. PAGE
E. CAPPS
W. H. D. ROUSE
L. A. POST
E. H. WARMINGTON
...
~
GREEK LYRIC
I LCL 142
GREEK LYRIC I SAPPHO AND ALCAEUS EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY
DAVID A. CAMPBELL
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND
Copyright ©
CONTENTS
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
1982
Reprinted with corrections 1990
PREFACE
vii
INTRODUCTION SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY SAPPHO: TESTIMONIA TEXT
ALCAEUS: TESTIMONIA TEXT
ISBN
0-674-99157-5
Printed in Great Britain by St. Edmundsbury Press Ltd, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, on wood-free paper. Bound by Hunter & Foulis Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland.
ix
xviii 2 52
206 234
SAPPHO OR ALCAEUS
438
TABLES OF COMPARATIVE NUMERATION
457
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND SOURCES
473
GENERAL INDEX
483
To my mother
PREFACE
J. M. Edmonds' three volumes of Lyra Graeca have given useful service since their appearance some fifty years ago, but the time has come to replace them. Much new material has been unearthed; and Edmonds' version of the papyrus texts was spoiled by his excessive eagerness to fill the gaps. It will be obvious that the present volume makes a fresh beginning. In the first place, I have rearranged the contents of the volumes, so that solo song precedes choral lyric: accordingly, this, the first volume, is devoted toSappho and Alcaeus; and Anacreon (and the Anacreontea) will appear at the beginning of volume II. Secondly, I have renumbered the fragments, using as far as possible the marginal numbers of Lobel and Page for Sappho and Alcaeus. Papyrus scraps which yield nothing of interest are omitted. Thirdly, I-have numbered the testimonia to simplify reference'" and have grouped them under headings, although it will be obvious that some of the passages did not readily submit to being dragooned in this way. I acknowledge my gratitude for Research Grants awarded to me by the University of Victoria, the Canada Council and the American Philosophical Society, and for a Fellowship awarded by the American Council of Learned Societies, which envii
PREFACE abled me to take Study Leave in 1975-76. I wish to thank my Research Assistants Dr. David R. Marsh, Dr. Caroline A. Overman, Miss Vicki R. Cameron, Mr. J. Bruce McKinnon and Mr. John J. Koval for their help, the Librarian of the University of Victoria and his staff for their efficiency in obtaining rare books and periodicals, and Mrs. A. Nancy Nasser for typing the manuscript. UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
November 1977
DAVID
A.
INTRODUCTION
CAMPBELL
Solo song
The poetry of Sappho, Alcaeus and Anacreon was lyric in the strict sense: it was composed to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. The poets themselves do not tell us this explicitly: when their audience could see the lyre and hear the song with its accompaniment, there was no need for such explicit statement. They do however mention their music: Sappho in an isolated line, the text of which is uncertain, says, ' Come, divine lyre, speak to me and find yourself a voice' (llS): fro 160 has,' I shall now sing these songs beautifully to delight my companions '; and we know that her companions were themselves singers (21, 22, 96). Alcaeus says the lyre plays a merry part in the symposium (70. 3 f.), and the symposium must have provided the occasion for the performance of most of his poetry. The KiOapts, ' lyre', is mentioned in his fragments in the context of wine and love. Anacreon twice has the verb .pal.l.w, ' I pluck the lyre strings', each time in the context of revelry (373, 374). The evidence from the fragments of the poets can be supplemented. Vase-painters represented all three poets as lyre-players, and the earliest paintings viii
ix
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
belong to the late 6th century, i.e. to the lifetime of Anacreon (G. M. A. Richter, The Portraits of the Greeks i 69-72, 75-78). Later writers called Sappho a v Eppn rotd8E AryOE8ova' "' I ,I , ....',.h' t I ~v 81: fkE Movuawv EraUTIS xapw, wv ar; EKauTryS oa{novoS avOos Efkfj OijKa TTap' Evvw8t, r t"~ • I "J.. '~I " yvwuEat ws ~AWEW UI~OTO~ EK'f'vy~vl OVOE rts Eurat TijS AVPtKryS "'£aTT . TrH'f)W /katvoll'!v/kltl' Ttva 07]VTE
uris
0' ay~v J~ Fav ~tA6TaTa; I ' ''/'''' 2 o ur T aTr"l' , a 'I' IIvaov \~ /ko, I 'aVTa , H 28 aV/k/kaxos Eaao. H\f)
Ell E
A papyrus fragment of early 2nd C. A.D. gives scraps of verses 1-21. Since Hephaestion uses the poem to illustrate the Sapphic stanza, it was probably the first poem of Book 1. 1
,
°
TaV'T1]S TfjS 'Al'Ews 1] EvbrEta Ka~ -r1 X&'pts EV Tfj aVVEXElff Kat A€tOT1]Tt YEyOVE TWV app.ovulJV. '1TapaKEiTat yap aAA~'\OtS' 'T(t , , \'.J. ' KUI. aVVV'f'uVTaI. KaTa"-''TtVas .J. \... , [L]A[ ...... ] . [ 7
I, 6 BUpP!. Lobel
J~a. [ 4 IJKaV1)v Lobel
5 ; JJLJLEV' Lobel 8 Same papyrus
8 P. Oxy. 2289 fro 3 3
.. Atthis,1 to you . . .
"A ]TO,· ao. [
supp!. Lobel ao,[l Snell
1
See test. 2.
SAPPHO
GREEK LYRIC 9 Same papyrus
9 P. Oxy. 2289 fro 4
. . . summons for him (her?) . . . completely . . . feast .. for (Hera?) . . . accomplish . . . as long as I live . . .
7T]~l"'dawv S~ p..' [EVxop..EVat cf>avEl-fJ, , , ~H pa, aa' X[aptEaaa ' , .I. 'lTOTVt p..op'f'a, T.a 'ITo>'>.' aE(JAa, ... \ 'lTEp \ "1[\ " TE 'lTOVTWt, I 'lTpWTa p..EV . I\tOV, EV ,~" '(J ["~ , TVtu a'ITopp..a EV TES OOOV 'lTEpatV'f}v , I 8 OVK £ovvavTo, ,~
Lesbos: see ad. 3. 130 If. and Page, B. & A. 59 If. 2 Dionysus: for the shrine of the three gods cf. Ale. 129. 3 Five stanzas in all. S. may have prayed to Hera for a safe voyage . for herself or another. See also test. 59. 1
\ A" , ' " 'lTPW aE\ Kat\ Llot aVT [taOV Kal\Eaaat ' 0 ' ' [ ' -~ Kat ~vwvas tp..'{ pOEVTa 'lTawa' V~V Sol, K[a~ot 'lTpaiip..Ev'f}S ap'f}gov 12 KaT TO 'lTa~[awv. .
" [ 'I\a ayva Kat"Kq. 'IT]ap(J[EV 15 a]p..cf>t. [ 19 (fp..p..€Vq.[ t 20 l]R' a'ITlKE[a(Jat. 3 'Arp€toaL Wilamowitz 2 Wilamowitz 7 J ureuka 5s. suppl. Page II Page 12 Wilamo· 10 Wilamowitz 9 Lobel, Page witz 13 Castiglioni 14s. Hunt 20 ·H]p' a1T1K.[a8n. Milne l]p' West
1 suppl. Milne
elanv Jurenka Kl\ij. Edmonds
18 Same papyrus
18 P. Oxy. 1231 fro 1 col. ii 22-27 (vi versuum initial
o[
6
T]oilfLav[
7
]avBpw[
+ 25 6
iI]E7rT04>WV[
75
GREEK LYRIC
SAPPHO 26 Same papyrus
26 P. Oxy. 1231 fro 16
]8af-te'w[ o}TTLVa[S" yap EV 8e'w, Kiivol f-tE f-tuB.tU'Ta 7TU[VTWV 4 alvovru]t ·]a.AEf-tUT' " , [aVTat " " o~, Ef-t ] aI', EyW
II
. . . frequently(?) . . . For those whom I treat well harm me most of all 1 . . . idle . . . and I am conscious of this 2 • • • Supplement from Et. Gen. (on the subjunctive form Olw). From Apollonius Dyseolus (on the pronoun forms: ef. Ale. 317). 1
2
12 ToiiTo av]vOtoa cf. Et. Gen. (p. 30 Calame) = Et. Mag. 449.37s8 . . . . Olw, W!i napa 'L.um/Jo'i, oloV" OTTLVas ydp EV (Uw K€'ivol tL€ p.aAwTa a{voVTaL, Ap. Dyse. Pron. 103a(i 80 Schneider) = Ale. 317 Kat 'TTupa TotS AlOAtKOl.S B~ WS Ell 7Tapa8lu€L av€yvwa87J" £p,' a{).Tf!TOVT' EYWV uVllo,8«, Pron. 64h (i 51 Schn.) AloAeis {3ap€ws (se. , ') eywv II
4 brl"o.tuo.v supp\. Holt Okes, Ahrens
,
Note that in the expression' around the shining moon' one should not understand the light of a full moon; for then the stars are dim because they are outshone, as Sappho says some· where:
The stars hide away their shining form around the lovely moon when in all her fullness she shines (over all) the earth.!
yay
aEtv~V all-cpt a£I\~V7Jv' 00 'T~V 'TTA'YJOl.cpufj V01]'Ttov Kat 7r).."1pOaE)..~VTJv· Ell athfj yap df..Lav~&. elm 'Tn aarpa ws iJ1TEpavya'ofLEva, Ku8a Kat ~ "£a1To/dJ 7rOV CP1JUW' lUTEal)
are.,
,
apyvpta
1 S. probably went on to speak of a girl who outshone her companions in beauty: see Julian's allusion and cf. 96. 6 If. Julian, Letter8 Sappho . . . says the moon is silver and because of this conceals the other stars from view.
Iulian. Ep. 194, 387a (p. 264 Bidez-Cumont) \
,
I
'L.UTrrpw . • . T7JV GEI\7]V7JV
,
I
apyvpeav
.l..
\
't'7]Ot
\
Kat
... \
....
....
ota Tovro TWY
1/,1. UI\I\WV aOTEpwv U7TOKPV1TTE£V T1JV O'f'LV. If\ \
,I
,
I
\
35 Strab. 1. 2. 33 (i 60s. Kramer) el7Twv dvop.a'Et (se. ~OfL7]poS Gd. 4. 83s.) Kat "£t80vlovs T~V J.L1J7p01TO'AtV aU'T(OV, aX~fLaTf, avv~(J€t xpii;at cfJs ••. "HhW 3' ZKUVEV Kat rapyapov (Il. 8. 478.) Kat 'L.ampw· el DE
Bekker
~
.I.. \
DE L.!a1J\rW
•
•
•
......
E1Tt TWV
~",
1 Neue
Sappha says of the pigeons
....
d flv/LoS,
A:nd ~heir heart has grown cold, and they slacken theIr wmgs.
E'YEVT' 6 Lobel: 'qEvETO codd.
43 P. Oxy. 1232 fro 1 col. i 5-9 5
42 Scholiast on Pindar
'IT'epWTEpwV"
'Ta'iat <St> .pvXPOS ./L~v EYEV'T' \ , , Trap ° tHat 'Ta Tr'TEpa
43 3rd
7 BUpP!. Hunt
C.
papyrus
. . . throws peace into confusion . .. toil . . . mind . . . sits down but come, my friends . . . for day is near.l 1
9
86
to you' :
Sa. ded. Ahrens
42 Schal. Pind. Pyth. 1. 10 (ii 10 Drachmann) , ,..,
lJ,."p.w, '
Towards you lovely ones my thoughts are unchangeable.
, 1\ '" 'Tats Ka/lata v/L/Lw ou SUl/LHTr'TOV
1J
of a white goat 1
End of the poem, composed for some night. time festival.
SAPPHO
GREEK LYRIC
+ 2076 col. ii
44 P. Oxy. 1232 fro 1 coil. ii, iii, fro 2
KV7TP? . [ Kapv~ ijA8~ 8~[ "loao, 1"aOEKa ...
44 Same papyrus 1
Ja}"
JEAE[ ... J . 8EL,
cPr .. J . L,
1"axv, aYYEAo,
deest unus versus 1"a, 1"' aAAa, ' AaLa, . [ .JOE . av KMo, a,p8L1"Ov' [0 J" ' ~ 5 "E K1"WP KaL" aVVE1"aLp' L ayoL,!", EIILKW7Twa 0~f3a, J~ Upa, IIAaKLa, T' d [7T' dLJvaw af3pav 'AvopofLaxav JVt vaiiaw J7T' aAfLvpov 7T6v1"ov' 7T6AAa 0' [JMJYfLa1"a xpvata KafLfLa-ra 7Top,pvp[aJ Ka-rai!1"[fLE]va, 7ToLK~A' d8vPfL a-ra, , / ", 8 I ' \ I.J.. 10 apyvp,?- 1" aV0PL. fLa 7T01"7]pLa KallE<paL" " T' , , , ~'" , [J J." W, EL7T' 01"paIlEW, v avopovaE 7Ta1" 7] p.
