Lyra Graeca, Volume I: Terpander, Alcman, Sappho and Alcaeus (Loeb Classical Library No. 142)

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y HK LOEH CLASSICAL LIBRAKV^ EDITED BY TS,

rii.D.,

LL.D.

T. E.

TAGE,

LiTT.D. D. .

W. H.

LYRA GRAECA I

D.

RUUSE^ Litt.D^ R(jpSE^ ]

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hyacinth ivhich the shepherd tramples on the hill upon the ground and lying bloometh purple still. SAPPHO

the

FROM A Fitih CENli^RY KYLIX BY SOTAOSr. /V THz BRITISH MUSSTUM

LYRA GRAECA BEINC;

rHE REMAINS OF ALL THE ^M EUMELUS NG PINDAR

(IREEK LYRIC POETS TO TIMOTHEUS EXr

*

NEWLY EDITED AND TR.i^SLATED BY

jc

M? ed:monds

LATE FELLOW OF JESUS COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE

IN

THREE VOLUMES VoLrME

I

.

ixcluding

Terpander Alcman Sappho and Alcaeus

LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN P. PUTNAM'S NEW YORK SONS :

:

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MCMXXII

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IMA0HTPIA12

2Y1MMA0HTH2

—

PREFACE SixcE the ap[)earance

Thcodor Bergks Poetae

of

the foiirth edition of

thev form the third voliime, the Lyric Fragments, or as they arc more accuratcly called, tlie MeHc Fragments, have not been pubHshed complete. The last forty years, thanks mainly to the work of the Egypt Exploration Fund and similar societies, have added very notably to our slender store, and a new edition lias been long overdue. My book will, I hope, go some way to supply the want. It is complete in the sense tliat its sole omissions are fragments which have only palaeographical value, and it contains all Lijrici Graeci, \n ^vhich

that is really necessary by way of exegesis. In all places where the text adopted would otherwise be misleading I have given critical notes, save only where I have ab-eadv discussed the reading in one or other of the classical periodicals. Many scholars and to say this is not to depreciate a great work for such things depend on the point of view must liave found Bergk kicking in two respects. First, when so Httle is known of tliese jji^eat fio-ures of antiquity, all that Httle has value for us if tliey are to seem things of flesh and blood and not the mere subjects of a lesson in translation. With the single exception of Sappho's, the Fragments alone are not enougli. I have therefore incUided, unlike Bergk, the chief passages of ancient Hterature which throw Hght on the Hfe and personaHty of the poets and their literary reputation in antiquity not making an exception of Sappho for tlie clear-drawn self-

—

;

—

;

vii

PREFACE portrait she gives us iii her Fragmeiits is so precious that its very frame is of surpassing interest. To these Lives I have added the ancient accounts of such early poet-musicians as Olympus and Thaletas, partly to serve in some sort as an introduction to tlie subjectj and partly in order to avoid creating the impression that only the poets of whom some work is extant are of any importance to the student of Greek poetry. Secondly^ if these mere quotations are to have more than linguistic interest, in nine cases out of ten they want explanation, and in at least five of those nine tlie explanation may be had from the context in which they are found. Bergk appears to liave regarded the contexts as a necessary evil^ and has not only relegated them to the footnotes but has made them less useful than they might have been by cutting them as short as he possibly could. I have thouoht it better to orive full contexts in the body of the page^ printing them^ however^ in small type so that the reader may the more easily omit '

them

A

if

'

he

will,

feature peculiar to this edition is the inclusion of a considerable number of restorations made exempli gratia of passages preserved only in paraphrase. These restorations, as w^ell as tliose of the new FragThe reader should ments, are mainly my own. clearly understand that in many cases wliere he finds square brackets, and all where he finds ' e.g.,' or ' e.g.' and a vertical Hne, he is deaHng with restorations which, tliough they are far from being mere guesses. Simihn* are only approximations to the truth. warnings are sometimes conveyed by dots and pointed brackets. A dot placed beneath a letter means that that letter is a possible interpretation of the traces, viii

PREFACE a pointed bracket indicates tliat tlie letters witliin The it are not or cannot have been in the MS.

emendations and restorations for wliich I beheve \n the notes. nivself to be resj)onsible are marked All restorations have been checked where possible by a palaeograpliical method exjikiined and exempli-

K

fied in varioiis articles in

the periodicals.

consists of the tracing of letter-groups

Brictly,

from

it

piioto-

graphs of the extant portions of the papyriis or velhim MS. Siiggestions are rejected ^vhich, \vhen traced oiit by this method, are shown, with all reasonable allowance made for variation in the size of the letters and the spaces between them, to exceed or fall sliort of the requirements of the gap and where the ga]) is bounded on the left by an imaginarv marginal Une, all suggestions are made to correspond again with all reasonable allowance made in what I mav call for convenience ^written length.' Schohirs who liave not tried this method will be surprised, when they do, at the way in wliich it reduces the possibiHties, One instance must suttice. In the hrst hnes of Alcaeus '11 , tlie letters A of 7rat]So)i', AI of TrptoJTa, TO before ydp, and IC of uAAjat?, come immediately under one another. Metre requires iwo supplementary svllables in lines 1 and ;

—

2,

threc in

—

line

3,

and one

in

line

4.

AU

these

supplements must corresjiond in written length not only with one anotlier but witli any suggestions made for the four subsequent lines, and when they are made the result must be not onlv a jiassage satisfactory in metre, grammar, dialect and sentiment, i)ut something which Alcaeus might have written. I sliould add liere that .so far as I have found it j)racticable my work on the new Fragments is based ix

— PREFACE on the actual MSS.

where I have used only photographs the results should be taken as still requiring corroboration. The latter cases are indicated in the ;

footnotes.

The arrangement

of the Fragments follows^ where be inferred, the arrangement of the editions current in the later antiquity but it must not be understood as certainly reproducing it. Cross-references to the numerations of Bergk and Hiller-Crusius will be found on page 431. I have added a separate index of the ancient authors, including those to whom we are indebted for most of our knowledge of these poets and their Avorks. Among the modern writers who have collected, emended, and interpreted the Fragments^ next to Bergk^ and those on whom he drew Ahrens, Bekker, Benseler, Bentley, Blomfield/- Boissonade^ Brunck^ Cobet, Cramer, Gaisford, Hartung, Hecker, Hermann, Keil, Kock, MattliiaCj Meineke, O. Muller, Nauck, Neue, Porson, Reiske, Schneidewin,^ Schweighauser,'* Seidler, Ursinus, Volger, \^oss, Welcker, Wolf owe most to E. P. I Grenfell, A. S. Hunt, Kaibel and U. von WilamowitzMoellendorff. My obhgations to these^ as to other recent and hving scholars, are indicated in the notes. I must here record my thanks to the Director of the British Museum for permission to reproduce the Sotades vase, and to the Council of the Egypt Exthis can

;

—

for allowiiig me to print tlie Oxyto D. Bassi, J. Harrower, Fragments W. Schubart, and the Directors of the Bibhotheque Nationale and of Graz University, for siipplying me with photographs of papyri and other MSS. in their care. And I gratefully acknowledge the help and

ploration

Fund

rhynchus

1

/;

;

-

lilf.

•

Schn.

»

Sclnv.

— PREFACE eiicouragement I have received from Mrs. Adam^ H. I. Bell, S. G. Campbell, A. B. Cook, R. D. Hicks, H. Rackham and A. J. H. Wace. An account of the MS. tradition when the authors concerned run into the sixties is a formidable affair, and would be bevond the scope of tliis book. For the most important, the scholar will fmd much of what he requires in O. Hoffmann's Griechische Dialekte and in the introduction to A. C. Pearson's Fraguicnts of Sophocles. The earlier history of the text has been ablv worked out by Wilamowitz in the works mentioned in the Bibhoorapliv. But it should be borne in mind tliat statements on the Aeolic metres and dialect published before 1914 may need modification. I cannot hope that the many references

book are quite exhaustive, modern, and Biit I have done my best to make them so. A few not quite obvious errors, of which the worst is Alexandridcs for Anaxaiidridcs on pp. 100 and 101, will be found corrected in the Indexes. In the translation of Sappho fr. 35 the proverb sliould be in

this

corrcct.

square brackets. The omitted fragments of merelv palaeographical value will be found in the Papyrus Collections Oxiirhijnchus, Bcr/iner Klassikeriexte, HaJle, Societd Italiana. It will perhaps be

in

useful to the reader to know tliat Volume II, whicli is ah-eady in the press, includes Stesichorus, Ibycus, Anacreon, and Simonides, and that Volume III., which is in preparation, will include Corinna, Bacchy-

Timotheus, the Scolia, the Folk-Songs, the Anacreontea, and the Adespota, with an accoiint of lides,

Greek Lvric Poetrv. J.

M. E.

Cambkid(;e, Dtceniber'22, 1921.

xi

CONTEXTS rxoE

rKEFACE

vii

SELECT BIBLIOGKAPHY

XV

PREFATORY EPIGRAM

2

OLYMPUS

4

^

EUMELUS

LIFE

12

FRAGMENT

14

:

TERPANDER

:

16

LIFE

FRAGMENTS

30

THALETAS

34

POLYMNASTUS

38

ALCMAX

LIFE

:

44

POEMS AND FRAGMENTS BOOKS

I

AND

BOOK

III.

BOOK

IV.

BOOK

V.

BOOK

VI.

II.

:

MAIDEN-SONGS

....

[OTHER CHORAL FRAGMENT.s]

.

.

LOVE-SONGS

80 118

DRIXKING-SONGS

122

[OTHER MONODIC FRAGMENTs]

.

ARION SAPPUO

50

126 136

LIFE

:

140

POEMS AND FRAGMENTS BOOK I. SAPPHIC ELEVEN-SYLLABLE :

BOOK 1

II.

FOURTEEN-SYLLABLE

For eaily poets

sucli as

.

.

....

182

218

Orpheus see note on page 10 xiii

CONTEXTS

'

SArPHO

:

POEMS AND FEAGMENTS {continuccl) PAGE (gKEATER BOOK III. SIXTEEN-SYLLABLE :

230

asclepiad)

ALCAEUS

:

BOOK

IV.

tavelve-syllable (lesseii asclepiad)

234

book

v.

glyconic and kindeed metres

238

book

vi.

book

vii.

book

viii.

book

ix.

lonic

and kindeed metres and trochaic

lambic

.

.

.

260

.

270

dactylic

276

epithalamies

282 308

LIFE

POEMS AND FRAGMENTS

BOOK

I.

BOOK

II.

BOOKS

III

BOOK

V

BOOK

VI.

BOOK

VII.

BOOK

VIII.

:

HYMNS

316

AVAR-SONGS

AND

IV.

332

POLITICAL SONGS

.

.

342

372

FRAGMENTS [UNCLASSIFIABLE OF A GENERAL TYPE]

372

LOVE-POEMS

394

ENCOMIA

402

.

BOOKS IX AND

X.

DRINKING-SONGS

.

.

.

TABLES OF COMPARATIVE NUMERATION

INDEX OF 'new' POEMS AND FRAGMENTS

414 431

....

INDEX OF FRAGMENTS RESTORED FROM PARAPHRASES

.

442 442

INDEX OF AUTHORS

443

GENERAL INDEX OF NAMES

451

XIV

;

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Thcodor Bergk Pocfae Lyrici Gracci Leipzig 1882

vol. III (reprinted Avithout correction 1914) ; text xvith contexts and Latin notes 8. Farnell GrccJ: Lrjric Poetry London 1891 select text with introdiictions and notes Hoffmann Die GricchiscJwn DialeJcte in iJirem JiifitoriscJicn ZusammenJiange mit der vicJUigstcn iJxrer QucUen Gottingen 1891-8 select text of certain authors with contexts and critical notes (used with inscriptions, etc. to illustrate the dialects) Weir Sniyth GrccJ: Mclic Poets London 1900; select text with introductions. notes, and bibliography Hiller and 0. Crusius AntJwIogia Lyrica sive Lyricorum Graccorum vetcrum. praetcr Pindarum reliquiae x>otiorcs Leipzig 1903 select text with a few critical notes contains no new fracrments

G.

;

0.

;

H. E.

;

von

L'.

Wilamowitz-Moellendorff

(1)

Tc.vtgescJiicJUc

dcr

Lyriker Berlin 1900 historj' of the text, {2) SappJio und Simonides Berlin 1913; various articles on certain of the Lyric Poets and their works, (3) GriccJiische VcrsJ:unst Berlin 1921 a studv of Greek

griccJiiscJien

;

;

Metre^ A. C. Pearson TJi", Fragments of Sophocles Cambridge 1917 introduction on the sources and their MSS '

'

;

J.

W.

Mackail Lectures on

GrceJc Poetry

London 1910

See also Oxyrhynchns Papyri I (1898) and

X

(19M), Pauly-

Wissowa

RcoIcvcyJ:lopadic under Jlcman, SappJio,^ Ahacus, etc, J. Sitzler in Buisian (Kroll), JaJircsbericht uhcr die Fortschritte dcr J:Ia.ssischc.n Altcrtu.msvissenscJiaft 1900, 1907, 1919, and various articles by the editor of this edition in the Classical lievicw, Clrisncal Qnaricrly, and Cambridge Philological Socictys Proceedings froni 1909 to 1922 1

These reacbed jne too late

first

for

me

to iTofit bv tlieni in prepaxing niy

volunie

XV

LYRA GRAECA

VOL.

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