Dividing (Workshop Practice)

' W 02K5H0P PRACIICESERIESfrom SpeticlInjeres,ModelBooks 1 Hgrdenfng,Fempering & 13.Workshop Draw/ng TubolCoin )4.A/l ...

Author: Harold Hall

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W 02K5H0P PRACIICESERIESfrom SpeticlInjeres,ModelBooks 1 Hgrdenfng,Fempering &

13.Workshop Draw/ng TubolCoin )4.A/l a/tfng smo//workshop Too/s gonBroy 15workholyfng infhe l-afhe

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cylinderend flange requires 5 holes on a : PCD.Positioning t.rlese pr!îorto rem ovl ng tjle fjange from the Iathe after initial mraosit ai n/ anfanla so cl/ane. Howeverlchose

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the faceplate' s periphery willenable tl ne centre punch mounted on the top slide to

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4.Making a division plate using a divided ,b. nanerstrio and dnl na spindle.

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workpiece would enable twelve divisions and ifonly everythird position was used a square can be machined using a hex head screw.

The above i llustrate justwbatcan be done using the bare mini m um ofequi pment, no doubtsome readers wilknow of,orbe able to devise,othermethods.

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headed screw in the bottom is used to set itup foreach facetas shown in Photo 9. W hi1stthisis notthatprecise,i tis,ifcarried outwith care,m ore than adequate forthe purpose.Aiternativei y,itcould be setusing a square offthe table surface setting one face ofthe screw head upright. Using a rui e and a square onthe sam e

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anyone arrivi ng atthis pointin workshop acti vity willalready have gained the skiîls of m ountIng and m achining, there is traversed foreach division (this to be therefore Iittle thatneeds to be stated. Iam described inChapter4)there is notmuch though including a few photographs as l eftto the exerci se otherthan m ounting the exam ples. workpiece and carrying outthe required M ounting the workpiece willnormaily machining operations.Anticipating that be straightforward following ciosely sim ilar Havingdeterm inedwhich di vidingplate to use and the number of holes to be

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9.Setting each facetofthe hexagon head screw Ievelby eye using a steelrule.

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11.Calibrating a dJ ' a/whl ' /slheld on a stub mandrel.

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operations on the Iathe.Frequentl y itwill to m ove it to the dividing head without beto usethethree orfourjaw chuckeither removing the workpiece from the chuck.lf holding the parti tsel f,Photo 10 orusi ng a a parthas an irregularshape oristoobarge stub mandrelas i n Photo 11.lnm any cases forthe chuck the faceplate willhave to be the com ponent being machined wiflhave broughtinto use as itwould on the Iathe. M ounting the workpiece between previously been turned on the lathe and to m aintain concentricity itwillbe preferable centres is anothermethod ofwork holding * '

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and isobviousl y used where the partto be machined is too l ong forei therthe chuck orthe faceplate.Photo 12 shows a Iong shafthaving splinesmachined into oneend. w hilst appearing to follow exactly the situation when mounting between centres on the Iathe there is one important difference. ln the caseofthe lathe,the Iathe carri er

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on the componentwist be driven by the driving peg mounted on the catchpl ate.The carrierand peg willoften be hel d together wi tha Iooportwoofstring orwire butreiying I argel y onthe machining force to keepthem i n contact.This willf nOt3ufflce When uSil )9 the set-up with a dividing head as the 34 c/ose up ofdividing plate fingers. machining will notnecessarily keep the ' driverand driven together.Because ofthis traversing 14O holes,orinotherterms,two the dri verdi #ers from the Iathe catchplate turns plus 42 hoies per division. The wi th driving peg and enabl es the driverand mathemati csofthisbeing40x49/14 = 140. driven to be rigidly coupied, Photo 13 Itwil be obvious thatwhil sttwo turns wi li shows the method. See also Photo 2 ir be easy, counting the additional42 holes Chapter1 foran iilustrati on ofthe dividing ateach divisi on willbe prone to error. head'sdri ver.Lathe carrierswith bentarms Because ofthi s,dividing heads are

are available butthe position ofthe arm

fitted with adjustable fingers,Photo 14,

would depend on the diam eter of the workpi ece.Unfortunately,Ihave notfound a commercialcarrierthatovercomes thi s problem ,though they may be around. I have therefore developed my own design Seen in the photographandwhichfeatures in Chapter6. Having arrived atthe pointwhere the Component i s ready to be machined and armed wi th the correctdi viding plate and the num ber of holes to be traversed, machining can com mence. Taking as an example the need for14 divi sions using a di viding head having a 40:1 worm/worm Wheelrati o. Typically,thiswilluse adividing Pl ate having 49 hol es and be achieved by

which are set to the num ber of holes between one di visi on and the next.These holdtheirangularsetting whii ststillenabling them to be rotated as a pairbetween each di vision. The construction has some inbuilt friction that enables the fingers to be rotated as a pairw hi lst being suffici entto ensure they rem ain in posi tion during each machining operati on.Mostly,fingers and inputrotate in the same direction butdue to an upper limitto the number of holes thatthe fingercan span,typically around 75% ofthe num berofholes in the ring,for Iarger num bers of holes they rotate in opposite directi ons. SK3 should make the si tuati on clear.

27

15 M achining w#/?a verticaldividlhg head willresultin the cutterallempl/lpg to unscrew the chuck.Very Iightcutsare thereforessential.

usinga 45t00thgearfor15 di visions.W here tbis i s the case the gear can be marked appropriately prior to fitting it onto the di viding head.A coloured chinagraphpencil isexcell entforthi s.The bullwheelin Photo 6 has been marked in thi s way and may be vi sibl e ifthe finalprinting permits i t. H avîng said that in term s of the m achining operation there is no di#erence between normal m illing operations and those using a divi ding head,there is one potentialdisasterarea.Photo 15 shows a handw heeI being m ade by m achining notches around its edge. C arefuI observation ofthe set-up reveal s thatthe cutting actionw illbe attem pting to unscrew the chuck from its mcunting.ltis essentiaf therefore that the chuck is very firm ly screwed on andthatonly very Ii ghtcutsare taken.Shouldthe chuck becom efree,then there wilfcertainl y be a spoi led com ponent and probably a broken cutteralso.Do be aware of this and take great care when working in the verticaimode.Itcan also occur in the horizontal m ode js some specialised si tuati ons.

Using the rotary table.

If you have a fully equi pped rotary table, Ifusing ashopm ade dividing headwith that is with dividing plates and tailstock, ons willlargely a gearto replace the di viding plate,then then the above explanati thefacili tyofadjustablefingerstodetermine appIy w ith on1y som e sm aIlchanges each di visi on is notIikeiy to be included. regarding workpiece mounting. Ifhowever,as i s m ostîikely,you have Thisstatementbasedonthe designs 1have seen,including those i n thi s book.However, justthebasi crotarytableyouwillbefaced Ican see no reason why such a facility with setting the divisions by using the cannotbe builtinto such designs.W ithout m icrom eter dials at the hand wheel. this i twi llbe a case ofcounting the num ber Consi der using a table with a 60:1 ratio ofteeth traversed with considerable care. worm/worm wheeland 60 divisions on the lt is frequently the case though thatthe dialgi ving O.ldeg.rotati on perdivision.If di vision is achieved with one revotuti on of we now consider,asabove,a requirement the gear,such as every third t00th when for14 divisions thiswillrequire and output

28

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of 360/14 degrees perdivision, that is a PCD forbol ting two flangestogetherthen 25.7143 degrees.This equates to 257.143 a little clearance in the bolt holes should divisi ons,or4 turns plus 17 and a Iittle bi t m ake the approach possibse. Do notthough (0.143)divisions,itisthelittlebitthatisthe simplify the figure to 25.7 degrees as the problem ,lfthe task is to pl ace 14 holes on errorof0.0143 willaccum ul ate overthe 14 1s1

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/1i s norm alfordividi ng fingers and the inputarm to m ove in the same direction . Hok d vev' el: && t o a u ppe r I i mi t thatthe dividing fingers can span, around 75% ofthe maximum,for / oN erspans rotati on ofthe fingers l ' sopposite to thatofthe inputarrn as shown aöok'e.

29

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17.Attem pting the task in photo 16 but using a dividl hg head in the verticalm ode requires a Iotofhead room .Itis though a non slarlec see comm entfOrPhoto 15. 18.A/l ' gr// ' r?g centres in preparation for positioni ng workpiece.

divisions m aking the 1ast have an appreciable error.Do though work outa figure for each division,say 257.143, 514.286,771. 429,etc. From this,work out the turns and di visi ons,1stdiv,4 turns + 17.143,2nd di v, 8 turns+ 34.286,3rd div,12turns + 51.429, etc.W hi1st this is possible,it has to be asked is i t practicable having to carefully set tlp each position? For the exam ple

gi ven,probablyjust,butwhetheryouwish to countand set up each positi on in this way willbe a personalchoi ce.Ifgears are to be cutora greaternumberofdivisions are to be made Idoubtifitis practi cable and itwil!be a case ofequipping you rotary table with dividing plates or obtaining a di viding head ofsome form . Some divi ding applicationsare though equall y,ormore appropriate,forthe rotary table.Photo 16 shows a hexagon being made for a Iarge nut.The m aterialwould have been too (arge to be held securely in

the three-jaw chuck mounted on the dividing head and so the rotary tabl e with Keatsangle plate wasbroughtinto use.The rotary table therefore coped with the situati on adm irabl y and requiring only six divisions the table's dials were adequate forsetting each position. Using a dividing head in its vertical m ode andfittedwi th afacepiate forthe task, Photo 17,would seem possible butithas some severe lim i tati ons.Available height in the m achine and rigidi ty ofthe assembly,

30

especially the lightnature ofthe faceplate are both Iikely problem areas.However, as mentioned earlier in the chapter, in this mode rotation ofthe cutteri s endeavouring to unscrew thefaceplate.Itis nottherefore a practicalproposition and should notbe attempted,even with a lightcutl. Mounting a workpiece onto the rotary table,typi cally as in Photo 16, is not as Sim ple as first envisaged as it m ust be concentric with the table.To do this mark the workpiece with a centre punch mark, Orcentre dri ll,Then,pl ace a centre in both the rotary table and the machine spindie and align them as in Photo 1B using the machi ne' s X and Y movements. Place the Workpiece onto the tabl e and tine i tupusing the machine' scentre and clam p inposition, Photo 19. Thi s should be accurateenough fOra!lbutthe mostdemanding si tuation, in

thi s case finalpositioning can be setai ded by a dialtest indicator and rotating the rotary tabl e.

Dealing w ith backlash Depending on the equi pm entbeing used there m ay be appreciable backlash in the assem bly,butevenwiththe more precision item s i t will notbe totally absent. ln a11 cases,iti s advi sable to take up backl ash m anually by attem pting to rotate the workpiece in the sam e di rection at each divisi on priorto Iocking the spindle ready formachining.In some cases a length of string wrapped around the chuck, workpiece,etc.and wei ghted willperform the task automaticaily foryou.

C hapter 4 T he M athem atics

Before one gets down to producing the case of a rotary table not fitted with a workpiece itwillbe necessary to establish dividing plate then the num ber of ibrations on the hand wheeldi alwillbe the set-up required.The process is m ore cal t h e i m por t ant f ac t or . com plex than m any w ill envisage, but For com mercialdividing heads 40 :1 fortunately the m athem atics itself is seems to be by farthe m ostcom mon,but relativel y simple. The two centralvalues when carrying in the case ofrotary tables there is more outthe required calculations are the worm/ variation,4O , 6O and 9O :1 aII being worm wheelratio and the numberofholes frequently available. Dividing plates by nature of their on the dividing plate ri ng being used.In the construction have more variation w ith smaller plates having around 6 rings of holes and larger ones 16 rings,m aybe m ore in some cases.The sm aller plates m ay have a m aximum num berofholes of 50 whilstthe Iargerplates may have up to 1OO holes.A smaller head is likely to be supplied with three plates making 18 rings in all,a largerhead willprobably have 2 plateswi th 16 holesmaking 32 ringsintotal. Anotherfactor is thatdividing heads from di fferentsourcesmay be provi ded wi th plates having di ffering numbers ofhofes in each ring,additionalplates also being available to fillsome ofthe gaps.This aI I

1.Shop made dividing head having the ability lo be used with differing worm/ worm wheelratios.

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a1Ithatwillbe needed woul d be to entef

into the remaining 99 cells. However,after

newval uesfornumberofholesand/orouter havingduplicated say4individuallythe diameter.lnanycase,asmenti onedabove, blockof5 coul d be duplicated and pasted evenforasingleappl icati onyoumay have in five at a time reducing the work to carry outthe calculati on a numberof significantl y.

timestoarri veatasuitabl eholesi ze

. Thisthoughis notthefuilstoryaswhilst As already mentioned, the r ealbenefi t the valuesforR (radius)and N (numberof

I i ' '.

bestway i s to build the formula in stages to solve,ofcourse ifyou are experienced

andobservethatthecorrectvalueisarrived FOuthenenteritaonego.

ofusingaspreadsheetbecomesapparent holes)areconstant,andwillbepickedfrom

I , II , 1 7 . 1 r. Ij 2 , ' r. II.1 'I

ateach stage. Onefudherpointregardingtheabove, startingfirstwi ththeeasyone c2.The FoUCSpreadsheetmayuse radians rather formulaforangleAisgi veninsK3and thandegreessotheaboveformulawill Whenplaced incellc2would read =36o/N needadjustingto suit Forthe readerwho

where multiple calculations are required thecell satthetopofthesheet(R isinC11 with the need for mul tiple X and Y co- and N is inA6 in the screen pri nt2),the

II. 1 ir '

II II'I

11. 1j :I I1'1:

If / J i I ;( I 1. I i1!1I i l i 'I !I

.

'

'

''

1

! I iII

pf.

'ji

I'I

.

w here N being the num berof holes.

L Q-

colum n A . Hole Number.

notIostaswhenthe formuia is pasted for

)progressesbyoneon each row.AIIis

.

Column B.X co-ordinate relati ve to the thefirsttime,theprogram willseekouteach circlecentre variableand aski fi ti sabsolute (the same

num ericalentry and could be 3 characters

Colum n D. X co-ordinate relative to

Theformul ainD2i sthoughmuchmore forA2 (upto 999 holes)and 7 characters complex being thatgiven for'd,in sK3. for 82 (up to 999.999 forthe outside

extreme co-ordinates. cOlum n E.v co-ordinate relative to

Build this up in stages starting attbe diameter).However,widthofcolumnswill often depend on the heading required at

extre meco-ordinates. easyand quickone andnc anbe done in 'rhe formulae forthese willbe those blocks ratherthan one Ii e at a time

rememberingthatAttheangle)isthevalue the top.Forexample column A may have

included in the paragraph headed 'The thoughsetuponlyafew Iinesandtestyour

spreadsheetprograms.

innerm ostexpression, that is A/2.Now

.

columnc.Y co-ordinate relativetothe valueeachtime)orRelative(changeseach Circlecentre.

time relative to anothercell).Having indi cated thatR and N are absolute and P rel ative i twillnotaskwhen the formul a is pasted infurlhercellssothe taskisstillan .

Do

in cellc2,therefore entertheform ula = c2/ 2 and observe tl aatthe resul t is hal f the

ve forthe to be 7 characterswide, thatis fi word 'holes' 'and a space either side to

Form ula''on page 38. Theywillneed to be Wri ttenon a single Iine with aIIthe brackets

angl e io c2.

separate itfrom its adjacentheading.

in the required pl aces,typically forthe X

This stillhas the column 'A''which

Headings can take up more than one row .

Co-ordinate relati ve to the circle centre = R

contains the hole posi tion num ber. 1f,for

44

program thoroughl y before pasting in the fullnum berofIines.

45

I -

v aluefortheholeposi tion''P''(A16,A17, etc

However, the value for N willhave been equaIs2x' n radians,Inthiscasesin(C2/2) entered in cellA2 therefore the formula in Would read .J:.c2/a6o)/2) c2 s hou lddi re ade d =and 360/A2. Nomul te t h a ty/i s si n((2and d f or vi * f or t i pl i n cel l s A2 B2 have been setup for use

Enter the edi t mode forthe celland

I

is notfamiliarwi th radians, 360 degrees

o rdinatesbeinganexcellentexample. yive columns willbe needed as follows:

x . .'..1. :

r

A 1 3 4 5 6

NUMBER OF HOLES

B C D CALCULATES CO-ORDINATES OF HOLES ON A PCD

USER ENTERED ITEYS

USE: ENTERED ITEMS Radius at hole centre 5 40.000

8 9 1G 11

NeMBER OF HOLES

1 2 3 4 5 0

0 1

RELATIVE T0 RELATIVE T0 CIRCLE CENTRE EXTREQE CO-ORDINATES Ce-ordlnate X C/-ardlnate Y X Y 40.000 0 80.000 40.000 12.361 38.042 52.361 1.958 -32.361 23.511 7.639 16.489 -32.361 -23.511 7.629 63.511 12.361 -38.042 52.361 78.042 0 0 0 0

B16/F@rmu1a: IF(A16jC6*C0S((A16-1)*(((2*PI)/360)*C11))jO)

could justtype in,when designing the spreadsheet,the num bers 1 to 1OO down colum n A.Thî s would work qui te wellbut when requesting co-ordinates for say 10 hoIes on a P C D it w ouId continue calculatingthrough the 100 Iines asthough you were going round the circle 10 times. W hen on the screen the lines beyond 11 up coul d be i gnored but ifas is Iikely a printoutis to be taken,extra sheets would be printed out.Iftherefore the sheetcould be made to stop at hole 10 an aIIround ti diersituation would result.

Ratherthanjusttyping1and upwards itcould be arranged forthe form ula to do this.Taking screen print2 as an exam pl e

cellA16 woul djusthavethefigure 1typed

PROGRAR CALCULATED ITEMS Hole diameter Radius at Angle hole Centre Between Holes 0.481 0.409 72.000

3 4

s BOLE NUQBER 6 17 18 19 0 1

RELATIVE T0 CIRCLE CENTRE 1 2 3 4 5 0

RELATIVE T0 EXTRERE CO-ORDINATES

Co-ordinate X Co-ordinate Y 0 .409 0 0 .127 0 .389 -0 .331 0 .241 -0 .331 0 .127 0

-0.241 -0.389 0

X 0.819 0 .536 0 .078

Y 0.409 0 .020 0 -169

0 .078 0.536 0

0 .650 0 .799 0

l6/Fermula: IF(A16,C11*C0S((A16-1)*(((2*PI)/360)*D11))j0)

CREEN PRINT 2

CREEN PRINT 1 exam ple,you are working to a m axim um num berofhol es of1OO in which case you

QUTER RADIUS 0.650

5

CALCULATED VALUES Angle Between holes 72.000

13 14 15 HOLE NU#BER 16 17 18 19 20 21

CALCULATES CO-ORBINATES OF HOLES IN AN ENCLOSEING OUTSIDE BIARETER

in.CellA17 woul d though have the simpte form ula = A16+1.W hen pasting in further cells and requesting these to be relative we would get,= A17+1,= A18+1,etc. Having now arri ved atthe hole number bythis means itwi llopen up the possibility ofextending the form ula so as to hal tthe progression atthe numberholes required. However,to do this willi nvolve including some l ogi c expressions in the formula and this w ill increase the complexity quite considerably and i fnew to spreadsheets it is bestI eftatthis stage.W i th this done the program willcalculate the values forthe numberofholes required butthen continue as i fgoing round a second time and more. To achieve a ti dy resultitwould then be a good i dea to copy the file to another and in thi s block delete aIIthe records

46

above the values required.Thiscould then be printed outforuse inthe workshop. The sheetwoul d stillcontain the form ulae up to thatvalue and could be used again with that num ber of holes for subsequent appl icati ons.

following shoul d give an insight into the

Logic

Trying to express this verbally the Iogic

Wi th this we are now arriving at a m uch more complex use of spreadsheets and one thatmostwilneversee a need to use. Iwould therefore suggestthatunless you are conversantwith Iogic expressions you leave yoursheetatthi s stage. Eventually, When becom ing fully conversant with Spreadsheets thi s far,you coul d then take time to Iookinto the l ogi c provisionsofyour program ,However,ratherthan I eaving the

Subjectwithoutanyfurtherexplanati onthe

subject.

Consider colum n A , carrying the rumberofeach hole, this could be setup w ith som e sim ple logic that halts the calculations once the hole num ber has reached the num ber of holes required.

would state, 'IF the value in the previous cellequals the num ber of holes required enter' dO''IF NOT entera value one higher than in the previ ous cell. W hiIstthis would work forthe firstIine after com pleting the num ber of holes Feguired itwould notwork forthe nextline as the previous value would notequalthe numberofholes required butwould equal nought.Itwoul d as a resul tadd one to this Starting the sequence again, because of

47

.

' >

...IkI,

thi s a m ul tiple IF hastherefore to be used. Thiswould state '' IF the value in the above cellequals .0' 'then enter'. 0,'1IF NOT1IF the value in the previ ouscellin the column equalsthe numberofholes required enter . '0' 'IF NOT entera value one higherthan in thatceII'. To ensure thatthe X and Y val ues also display a value ofzero the form ula should include an IF cl ause as illustrated atthe bottom ofthe screen prints i fthis were not done the co-ordinateswould be worked out on basis of zero in colum n '' A ' giving irreIevant vaIues. From these brief commentson the use oflogic i tcan beseen that the com plexity has been raised significantly.Please do nothowever1etthis putyou offattem pting to use spreadsheets in theirsimplerform .

repeating isthatyourspreadsheetm ayuse radians to describe angles rather than degrees.Therefore,as there are 2 Pi radi ans in a circle then say f0r70 degrees the numberofradians is 70*2pô/360.Thi s should be evidentin the formula forB16. The screen printsalso illustrateanother important feature ofspreadsheet desi gn. Considering screen print2 i tcan be seen thatIines 3 to 6 are used fordate inputed by the userwi th the remainderdi splaying values calculated by the spreadsheet. These though can be divided into two categories,iines 8 to 11 displaying values calculated the once only whilst Iines 13 upwards repeat basicaIIy the sam e calculation butforeach hole posi tion. Ofgreatersignifi cance is thatwhen a column has been all ocated a width ancl

formatted(numberofdecimalplaces,etc.) Screen Prints

thiswillapplyto aIIitems down the colum n. Iwi llfinish with a few brief com ments on Typically,had 'Outer radius' been placed ' in C6,hole the screen prints publi shed.Screen 1 i s in A6 and ''No.of Holes' for calculating holes on a PCD whilst numbers would have to display as 1.000, Screen 2 calculates values forholes in an 2.000,3.000,etc.and numberofholes as 5.000 -this can com plicate the desi gn of enclosing circl e. The onlymajordi fferencesare thatin som e sheets.Having m ade the point it 2 the ho1e diam eter (B11) has been m aybe that some m ore m odern and calculated bytheprogram as hasthe radius adaptable spreadsheetprograms do all ow onwhi chtheholesareto be placed (C11). characteristicsofa colum ntochange down It is not visible on the print butthe theirIength. cursorwas atcellB16 whenthe screenprint was taken and the form ul a forthatcellis Inthei rsimplestform spreadsheetsare displ ayed atthe bottom leftofthe screen. notthat com plex and yetstillvery useful M oving the cursor to other cells woul d and time saving.They also avoid any cause theirformula to be shown.Note the possibility oferrors due totapping incorrect IF com mand thatbasically states IFA 16 is vaiues into yourcalculator,easily done zero display zero in B16 IF NOT then when many hundreds of calculations are to be carried out.So whatare you wai ting calculate as perform ula. One other im portant point worth for,go on,give spreadsheets a try.

48

G hapter 6 S im ple S ho p-m ade D iv id ing D evices The nextfourchapters dealwith i tems that can be made in the home workshop. The reasonsforthis approach wi llbe num erous butare I ikely to be mainl y. 1.The workshop owner gets m uch sati sfaction in making workshop tools.

2.Becauseoflimitedusecannotjustifythe expense ofa com mercially made item . 3.ltem notavai lable comm ercially. Some ofthe i tems inthischapter, al ong with the Lining toolin Chapter 9 are

exam ples of item s not available com mercially.Itisassumed thatany reader

embarkingonprojectsinvolvingdi vidingwill havearrived ata reasonabie understanding ofbasic workshop practices. Because of this,details of m anufacturing techniques willbe reserved Iargely to areas ofgreater complexi ty,

Lathe m andrelgearm ounting The method ofmounting a gearonthe rear

1.The two parts thatm ake up the Iathe mandrel gearmounting assembly.

49

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2 Slitting the outer Thl ' sI J&O. Sthe Parl, directindexing disk seen behlnd the chuck to set the posltions

spuly MANOREL,ouTEn.

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end of the lathe spindle for dividing purposes is show n in the published assem bly and parts drawings. No dimensions are gi ver astheywillvaryfrom Iathe to lathe. Manufacturing thi s is straightforward, placethe materialinthe chuckforthe outer

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ti' ..E :..:....... jhi7kféè-:;y .) ..tEE... ..,.. .

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FOLES k5 j 10 kk DEE?, 1 OFF kAJEFiAL 46 î 8 SIEEL 670:2C

DRIVING PLATE.

FOLES h 5.5 k: 08 9 kk / 5.5 02E? 8 1û kk C 30 kk 2 k6 RATEiI AL 40 k 8 STEEL 070k20

CO M PONENT PLATE. 50

I .1 ILk

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:j î . ' , . ' 4. r '.,.j i k, 6 , . g r y , y ! ., -. r:) .. ,:,,a$j.,

would seem a good starting point for consideration.The plungerin the detent assembly should be made a close sliding fitin i ts housing so asto m inimise backl ash when i n use.Despi te this,backlash should al w ays be taken up manuall y and in the sam e direction, even with a precision part and with sufficient projecting to dividing head.Again lhave not included machine the whole partatthi s stage.Use any details for the detentassem bly but leftand righthand kni fe tools to machine thoseinChapter8(parts41and42)shoul d the two parall elpodions withoutremoving prove a basis forany design. the partfrom the chuckensuring asa result Slitting the outer com ponent is thatthey are concentric. Setthe angie of illustrated in Photo 2 and as can be seen it the top sli de and make the internaltaper, is a simpl e operation forthe dividing head. Ieaving the top sli de atthis angle forthe However,itserves to illustrate a feature of Qtherpad. Nextmachine the parallelportion this form of head w hich has not been Ofthe inner pad making the thread also. mentioned so far.Just visible behind the Turn the pad in the chuck holding on the chuck is a plate containing a ring of24 portion justturned and machine thetaper holes.This permits directindexing ofany Photo 1showsthe two padson compl etion. division possible with a 24 hole plate,that Iam notincluding any details forthe is 2,3,4,6,8 and 12.The head is still design of the detent m ounting as the rotated via the worm/worm wheelfrom the method of mounting this wiltvary widely. m anualhandle butis Iocked in place using Bowever, usingthe changewheelquadrant a peg in the top hole posi tion.The peg i s

W

advanced using the sm allIever partly visible top rightofthe di viding head. Photo 3shows a typicalassembly,but do notbe confused,due to Iack ofspace the photograph hasbeen takenvia a mirror.

5.A chuck back plate being prepared for drilling holes fordividing purposes on the Iathe. make itdi fhcultto avoid the back plate's fixings.

Bullw heeldetent

Dividing plates

This is anothercase where the design will depend very m uch on the Iathe to which jt is being appli ed.However,once again the detentassem bl y in Chapter8 should prove a basis.Photo 4 showsthe m ethod applied to a Myford Series Seven lathe.

Having a sem i -uni versaldi viding head and a good range ofdi viding pl ates there will stillbe manydi visionsthatare notpossi ble, even atI owernum bers.Typicall y a need of 53 divi sions can only be achieved using a dividing plate having 53 divi sions itself.As this is a num bergreaterthan i s normally availabte on the sm aller plate sizes supplied,anotherplate woul d have to be FoI m ore information regarding prim e purchased, lf also it is for a one off num bers see Chapter 1O. application such an expense m ay be

Chuck back plate dividing

3Above.A typicaldetentm ounting,itwill ofcourse t/aly depending on the Iathe to which itis being fitted.Because ofIim ited space this photograph has been taken via a mirror. 4.Below.Bullwheeldividing attachment.

W hiIstnotapplicable to today'sworkshops to the same extentas in the past,divi ding using drilled holes around the chuck's backplate can stillhave its place.Drilling the holes maythoughseem a daunting task butasthe system isreally onlyappropriate forI owernum bers there is no reason why this should be. Using the method of a di vided paperstrip,asdescribed in Chapter 3,w illm ake the process an easy one. Photo 5 showsa chuckprepared fortwel ve divisi ons.The back plate is to be centre punched on the markings and then drilled withtbe required holes,3 mm diam eterand 3 mm deep would be aboutright.Care in positioning the m arked strip w iI1 be necessary to ensure thatthe holes do not conflictwith the back plate' s fixing as they may be close to the edge. Having also divisions of5 and 10 may be desirable inwhich case a ri ng of60 holes would appearto be required.This need not be the case as two rings ofholes,one of 10 and one of 12 could be made.ln this case,positi ons 1 and 7,from the 12 hol e ring,sharing the sam e places as hol es 1 and 6 from the 10 hole ring.Itmay though

difficultto justify.Making ones own may Using X and Y co-ordinates therefore be the way forward. An interesting feature of using a divi di ng plate vi a a worm/worm wheelwith

the samenumberofholesonthe plate (53 in thi s example)as there are divisions required, is that the num ber of holes traversed willalways be equalto the worm rati o.Assum ing a ratio of40:1 the num ber ofhole traversed forone turn atthe output wi llbe 40 x 53 and the num ber ofholes traversed forone di visi on willbe 40 y 53/ 53 = 40.This woul d be achi eved with one turn plus 13 holes. Having menti oned 53as a di visi onand Stating thatitcan only be achieved with a 53 hol e plate, Ishould pointoutthatthis is because i t is a prim e num ber. Unl ess a Uni versaldi viding head is available, rather than a Semiuni versalhead, prime numbers always require a plate having the sam e num ber of holes, excepting for Iower numberswherea m ul tiple maybe practical, typically for 19 di visi ons a 38 hol e plate.

Byfarthe m ostaccurate methodto produce a division plate would be to workoutthe X & Y co-ordinates and use the m illing machineto posi tion the holes.Forthe lower num bers thiswould cedainly be the way to proceed butforhi ghernum bersthe method could be a little tedi ous and great care would be needed in setting the table's position foreach division.As a precaution, Iightl y m ark outthe positions with a centre drilland inspectthe resultbefore rem ovi ng the plate from the table,Any obviousl y out ofposition hol e can be setup again using the avai lable co-ordinates,m arking again, this tim e with a Iargercentre drill,Do also mark the plates centre posi tion whi lston the table as concentrici ty ofthe m ounti ng position is im podant.

Using a Rotary table Using a rotary table would also be worth considering and where possible be as accurate asusing co-ordinates.The Iimiting

53

52

I.zl klla

6.A 125 dividing plate m ade using an actualsi ze CAD print. values from the star 'tcould be produced 7.826087, 15.652174, 23.478261 and 31.304348,etc.These could then be conveded to 1 turn + 1.826087,2 turns + 3.652174,3 turns + 5.478261 and 5 turns + 1.304348,etc.Finally they could be simplifi ed 1 turn + 1.83,2 turns + 3. 65,, 3 . turns + 5.48 and 5 turns + 1.30,etc.then used to setup each posi tion as accurately as is possibIe. This wouId avoid an accum ulating error and probably be acceptable w here a high degree of accuracy is notbeing aimed at.Ifthe plate were used vi a a worm /worm wheel, the im provem ent in accuracy this provides woul d be a distinctadvantage.

A Com puterM ethod If you, or a friend, have access to a com puter equipped wi th a CAD program factor would be if the angle between there is another method that may prove es on a di visi ons could easil y be establi shed using useful.Placing any num berofhol the tabl e' s calibration.Typically,a need for PCD using a CAD program is both easy 45 di visi onswoul d require anangl e of360/ andfast.Place a smallcircie forthe divi ding 45 perdi vision,being 8 degrees,W i th a pl atecentre plusjustone onthe PCD then 60:1 ratio worm/worm wheelthis would asking the program to repeatthis round the require,oneturn(6 degrees)plus2whole circle the numberoftim esrequired and the degrees using the table's calibration resultwillappearalm ostimm ediately. Print this out and fi x it to the plate making ita practicalproposition. I fthe need is for46 di vi sions,atfirst already prepared.Centre punch through sighta relati vely simple requirem ent,the each smallcircle,also thatin the centre, angl e between di visions would be 360/46, remove the printand exam ine resultlooking being 7. 826087 degrees.This would be forany punch marks which are obviously one turn plus 1.826087 degrees on the mi splaced. Make any adjustments tabIe's calibration for each division, necessary and use a centre drillto mark tion,again i nspect.The ring of obviousiy anim practicalproposi tion.Using each posi lled.Being very quick tbe rotary table bas therefore lim ited use holes can then be dri com pared to working to X/Y co-ordinates it form aking dividing plates. However,as a last resort, a Iist of is an idealm ethod for Iarge num bers of

54

7.Photo ofthe dividing plate printot/f. di visions.Photo 6 shows a pl ate having 125 di visi ons being used whi ch was made this way.Photo 7 shows the com puter printout.Making the circl es on the printout smali, say 1 m m diam eter,willhelp to ensure thatthe centre punch marks are made accuratel y. W hiIst fast, the system does have Iim i tations,m ainlyaccuracy.The com puter data is ofcourse extremely accurate but maynotbe maintained atthe printoutstage. Having tried the m ethod with a num berof printers very smallerrors in the printers' feed m echanism s result in the PCD sometim es being very slightl y oval.Not surprisingl y,a printoutusing a professi onal pen plotter produced a perfect resul t,at least as far as avaiIabIe m easuring methods would show.A cheap dotmatri x printer also did rem arkably weli,with ink

jets and Iaserprinters showing varying amounts oferror,even here no more than 1 m m on the PCD. Atworst,the errors in the diameter wouldproduce onsym i nute errorsin angular spacing and so would be perfectly adequate providing the radius errorofthe PC D could be accom m odated in the mechanics.lfusing a conventionaldetent its plungerwoul d notengage reli abl y due to the varying radius. Photo 6 shows how this was overcome using a heavy gauge, Spring wire detentthat would cope w i th Si deways errorswhil ststillholdingthe plate in terms ofrotation. Ifthe plate was to be used frequently on a norm aldivi ding head With plungertype detent, the plate could be used to makea second plate -the hol es Onthiswould then be on a constantradius.

Jt)oQ17o aokàoof)OQ%' oOo rx 0' 'oO QoOc a, ok oo C' o o ocà oo tpr. o 'o o o oo (7

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CA1 ) ?iIhT OdT F0lk 125 DIVISION OIVIZIhG FLATE An interesting feature was that the wire having a slighttaperon its end the resul t wastotall y backlashfree,almostimpossi ble with a conventi onaldetent. Incidentallythe ptate was used to sl ita smalldi sk 125 times to make an electronic pul se uni tforuse w i th a digitalreadoutfor an eightTPll eadscrew.

M ade on the Iathe's faceplate For a sim ple plate, using the m andrel m ounted gearas described atthe stad of this chapterwould be an obvi ous choice. Formore complex num bers,mounta disc onto the face plate and using a suitably di vided paperstrip round the outeredge of the facepl ate willenable the disc to be m arked for m aking a di viding plate. The positions can be established using an automaticcentre punch mounted on the top slide,or a sm alI drilling spindle. This process should m ake a dividing plate accurate enough for m ost applications,

55

&

8.Driving dog for between centres work,together

withdriver(on the ye#lstl pplied with the dividing head.

especially i fused via a worm/wormwheel, ratherthan direct.See Photo 4 Chapter3. Taking the need for 53 divi sions,as m enti oned earlierin the chapter.Ifusing a 15O mm diameterfaceplate and marked with 53 di visi onson its peripheryitwillresul t in divisions of 8.89 mm wide,so a fair degree ofaccuracy should be achievabl e.

A Betw een Centres driving dog N ot having been abIe to 1ocate a comm ercialdriving dog suitable for use when dividing betw een centres,I am including detai ls ofthe i tem 1have m ade

myself.As described in Chapter3 (see Photos 12 and 13)the dog needs to be firml y held bythe dri vingdevice onthe head itself.To cope w i th differing workpiece di ameters a flatpl ate is used forthe driven portion ofthe dog,it is atso drilled and tapped offcentre so thatitcan be rotated to extend the range even further, see assembiy drawing.Photo 8 shows the dri ver,suppli ed with the divi ding head,on the Ieft,and the dri ving dog on the right.

56

The publi shed drawi ng should gi ve aIlthe detail s necessary formanufacture.

Rotary tables M aking rotary tables inthe home workshop i s notreally in keeping w i th the title ofthi s chapter,'sim ple divi ding devi ces'',but is i ncluded as i tisthe mostappropriate place inview ofonl y a paragraph being required. A num ber of suppli ers to the home w orkshop provide designs and kits of material s formaking workshop equipment, rotarytables being one such item.Photo 9 showsa typical1O0m m tablethat has been m ade this way, Iarger sizes are also avail able. lf you Iike m aking workshop accessori esthen a rotarytabl e would make

9.A 100 mm home made rolary table.Casti ngs forthese are aval lable from a number ofsuppliers and y ' r?othersizes.

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an interesting project. None, to my knowledge include faciliti es for mounting divi sion plates butdesi gning thi s in shoul d notbe unduly di fficul t. The designfora basicdi viding head is

thesubjectofthenextchapter.Whi Istbasic, itwillbe sufficiently adaptabl e to meetthe needs ofmany workshop owners.

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C hapter 7 S ho p -m ad e B as ic D iv id in g H ead For many workshop ow ners the di viding head featured in this chapterwillbe more than adequate for their dividing requirements.ltdoes though rely on a set ofIathe changewheels being available as itusesthese to provide the divi sions.Using

a si ngle gear,Photo 1,wi llprovide many ofthe more usualdivi sions nam el y 2,3,4, 5,6,7,8,9,1O,11,12,13,14,15,2O,25, 3O,35,4O,45,50,55,6O,65,70,and 75 using the mostcom mon setofgears,20 to 75 by 5's.W ith a forked detent,Photo 2,

1.The single gearversion of the dividl hg head.

(indexer)

16, 18,22,24,26,28,8O,9O,100,110, 120,130,14O and 15O are also possibl e. The range is fudher extended by the addition ofa pairofgears as illustrated in Photo 3.This,essenti ally the same as adding a worm and wormwheelbetweer divi ding plate and the di viding head spindle. There is though one fundam ental difference, a worm/ w orm wheel configurationwillalwayshave a ratiotoone, typically 40 :1,60 :1,etc.A pairofspur gears may though have a more com pl ex ratio,forexam ple,gears of45 and 20 will have a ratio of9 :4. Considering the range ofgearsabove, butonly one ofeach,around 6OO different combinati ons willbe possibl e.Thi s based on,anyone ofthe gears being used as the dividing wheel.and as the driven.Also, replicating the si tuationwhen using aworm/ wormwheel,thatis inputruns fasterthan the output,the driverwheelmustalways 3.The three-gearversion.

59

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be sm allerthan the driven. W hi1st the arrangem ent w iII give divisions of up to 1050,doubl e this ifa forked detentis used there is consi derabl e duplication and very many gaps,Iarge at the higher numbers. On the basis that highernum bersare unlikel y to be required, the tabl e forthi s setup in Chapter11 gives aI1possible values up to 100 thatare not obtainable wi th a single gear.The tabl e, having been produaed w i th a com puter program I have developed,covers aII di visi ons mathematicall y possible.ln som e casesthe head m ay need adapti ng to m ake some combinationspossible.Typicall y,wi th the base plate fitted as seen in Photos 1 and 3 there is a Iimitto the si ze ofdi viding gearthatcan befitted.The base i s mounted usi ng 4 screws on a square formation that perm its it to be rotated 9O degrees rem oving the restricti on. In this posi tion howeveri tmay notbe easy to mounton a Myford Seri es Seven type bed.In anycase some readers maywish to use the table in connection wi tha divi di ng head oftheirown desi gn. An interesting and usefulfeature of these numbers is thatthey,with only two exceptions,are achieved stepping from geart00thto geart00th.There istherefore no need to move across more than one t00th avoi ding the com plication thatthis brings, Three possible hi gher numbers that mayfind a use are also incl uded' ,these are 125,2OO and 360.In the case of200 the workpi ece rotatestwi ce and for360,seven times,see Chapter4 foran explanation. From a divi di ng aspectthere really is no difficulty created by the workpiece rotating more than once and i f a gear is being m ade i tshouldnotpresenta di ffi cul ty.

60

Ifthougha diali s being m ade,probablywi th three Iine Iengths,ten's,five's and units, greatcare in the preplanningand theactual calibration willbe required to ensure the Iine Iengths are m ade in the correct posi tions.Probabl y the easiestwaywillbe to m ake aIIlines ini tially of equalI ength. then marking the position ofthe five' s and ten's wi th differentcoloured pencil s.The workpiece can thenbe rotated,againusing the di viding head,and the appropriate li nes lengthened.

4 BOn'ng the body to take the sleeve . bearlng.

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lti s notmy intention to go deepi y into the manufacturing processas to do thi sforthe shop m ade itemswould expand the size of the book beyond whatis acceptabl e.Itis also probabl e thatthe hom eworkshop user w ho has arrived at the need to use a dividing head willhave fairl y wellmastered the processes necessaryto make thisitem. Shoul d you though feela need forgreater help than this chapterprovides,you m ay consi derobtaining the foll owing additional books in the W orkshop Practice Series. Num ber 34,d'Lathework - A Complete Course'' and num ber 35 'M illing - A Com plete Course' '.Construction of the divi ding head in this chapteris covered in detailin num ber35.

The Body Part1 Photo 4 shows the 44m m diameterbores forthe sleeve bearing being made.Just visible in the photograph are three support pieces mounted on the machine table. Providing the initialbore is centralin the

width (5Omm)ofthe material,the suppod pi eceswilenable the partto be turnedover and bored w i thout the need forfurther measurement.A high degree ofaccuracy

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is not required as the bearings are eventuall y bored in situ. Fi tthe bearings using a two-partresin adhesive having made the bearing outer diameteraboutO.O5mm I essthanthe bore into whi ch itfi ts to allow space fora film of adhesive.Setupand bore tofinaldiam eter as shown in Photo 5,boring through both bearings atone pass to ensure alignment. Pay particular attention to clearance between boring head, workpiece and clamps, etc. Sli tting the body is straightforward,

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Photos 6 and 7 show ing the setups. However,depending on the diam eterofthe saw the setup in Photo 7 may notfully com plete the slit. In this case itw illbe necessaryto complete i twi th a pad saw,or a pi ece ofhack saw blade,pad wrapped in c10th to provide a safe handle.

Spindle Part12 First, make a plug gauge to accurately establish the diameterofthe bore in the bearing,This willgive you the dim ension forturning the spindle bearing surface that

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G hapter 8 A n A dvanced D esign D ividing Head The divi ding head featured here is m uch more advanced than that in the previous chapter, providing three m ethods of establishing the divi sions: 1. Directly off a gear mounted on the divi ding head spindle. 2.Directly of' fa di vision plate mounted on the di viding head spindle. 3.Interposing a worm and worm wheel between the dividing pl ate and spindle. T hese are based on the sam e assembly so the constructorcan choose to make any or alIof the arrangements using the one main frame,Photo 1.There would though be Iittie pointin constructing method one onl y as thatin the previous chapter is easier to m ake and m ore adaptable having the addi tionalgeartrain. W hen making the head employing method

carrier(Par141)enable the arrangement to cope w ith a w ide range of gear di ameters.ln Photo 3 a division plate has beenfittedand a detentassemblym ourted offthe arm using the two Sowerholes.The detentassembly has a slotted I owerarm

enablingittofunctionwith(di fferentdivisi on plate hole circle diameters). Photo 4 displays the reaireason for establishing the desi gn,the inclusion ofa worm and wormwheel.Unlike com merci al dividing heads, and probably m ost publi shed designs for hom e workshop constructi on,the design is notIimited to a single worm/worm wheelratio.Using 20 DP gears the assem bl y willcope wi th a gear up to 65 teeth,Iimited by the gear hitting the rearofthe divisi on plate.The holes in the end plate willthough provide sufhci ent

three,the method one system,(needing adjustmentforgears up to 75 teeth and Only two simple additi onali tems),is well could be accommodated by increasing the worth provi ding for its ease of use wi th Sim ple numbers,3,4, 5,6,etc. The plate on the I efthand side ofthe

65m m dimensi on for Part8 to 80mm and

the Iength ofthespindle (27)accordingl y. Chapter11incl udestabl esforthe three

assembl y (Part3)can be swung into any comm on dividing head and rotary table posi tion and inPhoto 2 has beenfittedwith worm/worm wheelratios 4O,60 and 90:1, th 18 di fferent divisi on plate a sim pl e detentmechanism and moved into and fitted wi an easy to operate position.The rows of hole num bers w hich appear to be the tapped holes and the slot in the detent standard,The tables w illcover for the

1. The dividing head' s basic assembly.

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DIVIDINGHEADMAINASSEMBLY dividing head fitted with both 40 and 60 t00thw heels.ThisstillIeaves gearsi zesof 30,35,45,50,55,65,70,and 75 thatwill provide additionaldivisions.However,the

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si zesandthe 18di vision pl ate num bersand attem pted to extricate from the Iists produced,those divisions thatcan onl y be achieved wi th thi s multi -ratio divi di ng head. majorityofthedi visionspossiblewiththese This is also included in Chapter11 though wi llalso be possible using ei thera 40 or60 lcannotguarantee thatlhave notm issed t00th gearand willbe covered by the Iisti ng an entry or two having had to do this ly. forthese.There are though a few thatcan manual only be achieved using another gear, As designed division plates up to typical ly wi th a 35 t00th gear,divisions of llom m can be accom modated and as the 77,91 and 133 are available butnotwith mounting arrangementcan be rotated into the 4O,60 and 90:1 rati o di viding heads. any posi tion there is actually no Iim i t in s as a result ofthe Ihave run my com puterprogram for diam eter.The Iim it i each one ofthe standard changewheel I engthofthe 'detentarm carri er''(54)and

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can easil y be increased in length when 150m m diameterplates couldal so be used The uni tin the photos is being used wi th dividing plates m ade from sheet steel. These punched plates are m ade on computer controlled machines and are, even though veryeconom i call y priced,very accurate. They are 3m m thick but the design should cope with plates up to 6m m thick.Itwould though be tidierto increase the 14 x 1m m thread on Pad 8 to 15m m Iong and the 79m m dim ension on Part27 to 82mm .Some modi fication,perhaps a bush,m ay be,may be needed fordi ffering bore di am eters.lncidentally,being punched plates the holes go through w hist the commerciaithickplates have hol esthatare blind,surel y Iesseasyto keep them clean. The design isbased on being usedwith a3 l 4in centre heightMyford Seri es Seven Iathe to enable itto be used with the Iathe's taidstock for between centres work.For other centre heights the appropriate dim ensions can easiiy be changed. m ounting arrangem ents may also need changing. In practice,between centres workon the lathe is Iikely to be oflimited,if any,use in many workshopsin which case the usermaydecide to Ieave the design as published,i tsrealhom e being onthe milling machine.

free-cutting and i s also avail abl e in some square barSi zes.

Main assem bly vakethe endplates(2)todrawi ng,except for hole B that should only be 4Om m diam eter.Assemble togetherwi th items 5, 10,11and 12,and usi ng item l3mountonto the l athe as shown in Photo 5,The boring

bari slightlygrippedinthethree-jaw chuck, justsuficientl ytoallow li ghtcutstobetaken

butalso perm i tting the tail stockto feed the barthrough the end plate to m achine the bore.Do notuse the tailstock to feed the boring barthl 'ough both platesatone pass butdo one plate ata time.However,still leave tbeir bores a little undersi ze,say minus 0.5m m .

Having bored both ends adjustthe boring bar fora finalcut,doing firstone plate then Ioosening the chuck moving the barfurtherinto i tand then making a final #.The mostadaptable version,providing cuton the otherplate.Absolute accuracy as a resultthe widestrange ofpossible isnotcrucialas the bearings canbe turned divisions. '

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finally the two slots as per stage 2 the process shoul d be relativel y easy.Photo 7 shows the partbeing setup formachining the firstsi de at3.5 degrees. Index fingers parts 29 and 31 Cut two pieces of 3m m brass,a Ii ttle oversi ze,and m ark outthe posi tion ofthe 18mm hol e.Setup on the Iathe facepl ate and bore the hole. Follow by boring to

A

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reasonably true,ifnotuse the fourjaw

foll ows closely thatforthe spi ndl e in the previous chapter. Division plate carrier Thispartneeds carefulplanning.However m aking the part as per stage 1 on the drawings,then creating the 3.5 degree

A 12

end with a tailstock centre.Check thatthe turned porti on nextto the chuck i s runninq

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38m m diameterand 1.6mm deep.Repeat forsecond part,Mark outoutlines and cut roughly to size,then carefullyfile to profile. The 38mm diam etercounterbore giving the outline ofthe par 'tin thatarea. Division plate nutPart28 This is a strai ghtforward i tem to make but, when assembled,mustclam p the fingers So thatthey can be m oved,butonly wi th some resistance.lfeasy to move then they may move whilsttraversing the detentfrom One holeto another.Toachievethe requi red acti on,dish the frontfingerto give theeffect

ofa disc spring.Form this by clamping the fingerin the vice,backed by a pi ece ofsoft wood and wi th a piece of22m m di ameter steelpl aced centrall y overthe hole.Tighten

the vice very slightl y to form a dishjust suffi cientto provide adequate friction. The rem ai ni ng padsshould notpresent any problem .W hen assem bl ed youwilbe in possession of a quali ty di viding head, very robust,and able to provide m ore divisi ons thata commercialsem iuniversal dividing head.You willalso have the sati sfaction ofhaving made the item .

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draw n has ten teeth Iim iting repeat sequences to 2,5 or 10.Should another sequence be required a second ratchet wheelw ould have to be fitted,W hilst internal,changing the wheelis nota Iarge

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dividing and as such is outofplace in thi s s thougha Iini ng toolforengraving book. Iti dials and therefore used where dividing is very much a partofthe task being carriec! out.Also to my knowledge itis notan i tem that is availabl e com mercially and has therefore to be made in the workshop. The purpose ofthe tool,Photo 1,i s tc' enable Iines on a dialto be m ade to set Iengths and automatically in the order required. Typicallyforan imperialIeadscrew dialthe sequence would be,one long

cOntrolled by the stop disc (4)this is not adjustable butbeing such a simpl ei tem, otherscaneasil ybemadeasrequired.The sequence i s controlled bya ratchetwheel (12)and pawl(11).The ratchetwheelas

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0.025 mm making itvery close to 0.001' '.

Thiswould need a ratchethaving 8 teeth and giving, one Iong (0.1mm)threeshort (0.025 mm), one Iong (0.1mm)and three short(0025 mm). Tj ne uni twoul d normally be used on ,

the Iathes cross sli de with the top slide removed as seen in Photo 2. The positi on of the Iathe's saddle woul d be set and locked to give the line Iengths required and the cross sli de setto gi ve the depth ofcut.

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. Iengths by observing its Ieadscrew di al

readingsand having to countthe number ofIines made ofeach Iength.Photo 3 showsi tbeingusedinconjunctionwiththe basicassemblyofthe dividinghead inthe previ ous chaptermounted on the lathe's bed. Ideally the cutting tool should be nominallyatthe Iathescentre height, itmay therefore be necessary to change the 40 mm and 72 mm dim ensions ofthe angle

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machine peadscrew dial. Thl s is using the ' dividing head from lheprevious chapterï

any clearance betweentheirtwo di ameters Would resultin the pads mating only in the bottom ofthe sem icircular portion ofthe Slide body. Anotherfeature forwhi ch the reason j S n0tobvious i s the 12 m m x 1 m m deep

84

ratchetwheel, The slide assem bly Place a Iength of22 mm di am etersteelin the chuck,suppod by the tailstock centre and reduce to 20 m m checking to ensure ja thatitis being turned paralle . tjjusttj ae

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tailstock setoverifrequired. Next,cuta Iength ofm ateri alforthe slide body and machine itto Iength,the thicknessbeing I eftat16 mm atthis stage, machine the recess and slotC also holes A,B.

Carefuliy mark both ends ofthe body wi ththe centre posi tion ofthe 10m m radius and centre punch.M ountthe slide bodyor: the face pl ate using an angi e plate,or t) Keatsangle plate,asin Photo 4,and usinf ? a centre finderto accurately position tht e

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partforboring.Cuttwo smallpiecesofsteel and drillto fi tacross hol es B ateitherend. These allow each end to be bored 20 mm diameter as a continuous rather than an intermittentcut. Bore the sl ide recessinone end as shown in the photograph to be a Close fi ton the sli de. Remove,reverse and repeatthe operation on the other end. Flowever,ifyou have a suitable angle pl ate, ratherthan the Keats,and a Iong boring tooli twould be betterto machine bothends

without rem oving the part.This would guarantee alignment. Nextmillthe firstflaton the sli de -the one thatpasses along the whol eI ength of the pad.Iti s essentialthatthis i s the same depth along the Iength orelse the partwill getwi deral ong its Iength causing i tto be Ioose atone end ofi ts movement.W i th this in m ind,hold the partin a vice and wi th each end supported by preci sion parallels. Take a very Iightcutofabout0.05 mm deep

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al ong the Iength to check ifaIlis well.Any errorwillbe obvi ous in the varying width of the flatproduced. Drilland counterbore holes C,and use these to fix the partto the slide body for machining the second flat.Again support the ends on parallels and machi ne both slide and body to achi eve the 15 m m

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G.CL X O o O Q. . >' O C) cu t

a a. ko fo m (9

D

< > W Q 2
.>. >. œ c) >. = = >.= v= co c)c) >. s.= = tn c) >.>.* o) % = v- = >.tn to >.>.co % = >.c9 v- vu7 fo >.co % c)tn m = >. tn œ) to ko r9 tn >.>.s.= cq % tn % e) v.cn tn tn = cu = c9 tn v= c9 = co >. m m x œ m c N > c & c c œ c v O = c O > & c & c & c ko = u7 Ctou ( un7 t%n

= >. = (D >.

vJ) = (n

* = tn =

c) co ch (J: c) >. >. (9

(o v-

>. co to c)(n = >. (D co c)z) tn ot tn m (D to co to >.= c)=

Lo u7 >.xr = >. c)tn >. c9 to xr % (D >.(9 c9 5)vtw T) % co * = = = >.O tN to % (M to J) >.>.= = = % tn Cq e) >.= >.e) s. c % = v N X & = N O & O = & W = 0 = = 0 & œ & & o k koo œ tD >. u7 * to 0) 43

= = * b. = c)>.>. co = >. (D J) >.= m >.= >.(D tn e) (D = >. >.to to >.e) e) tn = to (D (o to cp tn = N tn = ko to to % co >. e) >.s.tn % % % tD >. (n tn cn = c) % tn ol(N to >. = = tn = tn tn G1cu ko = = >. >. c) œ œ = m % = O m m N = m m > œ N v O m = c c c c œ & (D = (D œ œ O c e%

= * O co ?< =

h= (D = =

= ry(7: 0) = tn F) = c) œ co m = = m >. (D = co >.>. >.= = c)= N (D >.(D >. = = tn O >. >.>.ço (D fo = tn v- >.v(D b.(o u7 (o tn v- >.= c) to (D ro % ko e)c)O tn c to to O O % v- tn c)c)>. to to = tN % >.>.= >.>. % O D œ = & O O X = œ = c œ = = > = X N W c & & & u (D3 ( (D DN œ * (D 0 œ)

>. = tn m

?< = = = (n tn = = co co ct >.(n tn >. >. * u7 = * c) N N c) = œ >.% to œ r- = tn m >. to to % tn >. tn = >.= = * T)(9 % to c) c)c)c9 >. F) G1(N tn to >.N = v- vœ cq = tn ko (D v- co = O = œ = œ O O O v & N m & = o = = X N N = & & & c m c Nt >.= >. t >. Nn % >'

N = v- >.tn (9 co (D (D = œ ot = m = c)(n œ)* co >.(0 = tn c) >.*-

% >.to >. to >.c)>.co (m % (D u7 N % m cp F) >.s. % * to (D co >.m = tn (n (n % % to e7 = cn s.= N cu tn tu % m (n = O c)o: m œ œ œ m N N N & N = & > W c N O X N m c c c = & t o( D >. >. >. >. * >.c) >. .

= 0) = * >. * O

>. = = (p O = O c)

( CMp t =n N 0)

= 0) = co

>. (m (D œ X

(D v* = >.= >.

O >.

c =9 (9 s. * J)

s.

c) c) c (m9

c) co t cno

c c) c o c)

&cz J)

co >.

s (0. (o

c)X c) (n 17 >.>.= = X >.(D =

(p

= = >. b.>. (D = >.vN. c )= >. >.e) * = (D Gt (D

0) >. m c)m s.c u7 m cn N >. c) >. c) c (D u3 % œ

o) u7 e) >.o) N m * s. c >. = c) >. to >.œ >.>. %

>. c n ko u7 t a) m to >. >.c z) >. otv œ-

t nc cno ( >. co r w o >. (o (o co

O% c 9% % * >. >' = = cu t n c9 % %

>. to O (D =% = c)= u7 u7 % = >. v

>. u7 O r = s. to u7 C9 (9

= fo = % =

= œ >. u7 t %n c)(n m (D to (9 >' v- =

p %- = u7 c>.( en ( %n = c9 m tn m % % c to tn (M N = = =

c) % o) ko c%o = = c œo N N m (n s. tu ko % >. to v- (9 = tn =

m fo s. to t cno c co v toc) o % v ko- = to >. s. t % N o = pv

% u7e)% ko % f ot o cu œ g)e)t nt o cq cu t o (n f o to % % u7 % co O >'= >'C >. X c)O >. O = O >.O c)c)c >.>. m tn tn c3 % % G1t n O c7c (N cu ko (n co ( n % cu m co cu u7 % cq < tn (J co

P C< ' * O N

= O = D

C tn9 * = = O m =

O (9 N. eq @) b. m >

X œ C >

N * = œ

= tY = v- 03 % >. ( 9 (9 = = m

= œ X œ >. (N O O >. >. 0 ) O m m m œ

= = >. m

O = Otn s. = o m

c) m = % m % s. c) co m m œ

c mp c cp oc cu t=n m co >. >. ( n s . c) m m a m m

m m X & D a

N c X c m œ

N m m = % œ

= œ O c mC

N m O c m m o c

m m = & c X

c m & & = X

c o O c œ X

N m = = c X

= m N & c X

O o m c & %

m m m c œ %

O m oN o%

*

; c) F) = >.*

v *. = >. c c) >. N N >. C m >. = O < to c >.>. O (9 = N >. œ œ) u7 ko œ ( c) to9 t %n X % m to to (M = = N >'

X m = = = œ

= m & & X œ

& c X m

N & N œ

= c X œ

O & O a

>.m o) V ; V >. 5) >. ;: (p c c) >. = 0) N tn = c) co m tn = 1Z c) D N c)(D ( D >. to cn m= c) >.cco) c) c

œ (9 X

N c m & X X

>. to tn to v-

o m N o % O

* m N & c O

96

c c = & N D

= m X & X X

N m mm m%

N o mN O%

= œ c c % %

m a O o c %

m m & o N %

o m m o œ %

t>o. p tox

c o O c c %

>.

ro

*' C) 05 s.

m X U< C) CD * f< = O N' J) * * (D

* O C) f< v'b'* b' >' = * * C1 (D

(X U* * C) *- O >' C X

0 )= tn * (M b.

m = =O * * >' (D

b .= O m X (D * * CD (D

> .N.vr< * N'

>. cj(7)c * h- c * m * m b.c(o D s. * s. (D c)s. o s.m (D (D % b.to cjm s. 0) s. to ID X (D * e)s. g) ro g)

to s.m b.?< (D e) lD c) (D ( kn o

= (M to C c) % v t. kD s. (D

tD * O X * c)F) v- O vO m O LO O >. b.= @) c) = v' QN GlGl >m m m œ = N = O œ

m e) s.c) on % (D % O tO c s.x- s.co X V * O CD s. . s.m . X V O O to >.Ct= = = X CV O QN V v- b.= C) O (N œ v- = C9 X v X m X m N o O œ

co >.s. c)s. % LD u7 * O m m m tn ro * (D V * O uj s.c) .... W O O V O e)co s. s.m = O txl O W = U- = X * v- (N tNlGlvG o c & & & Om O v

p- e) s.v- c) X * & tD % x- x- ot g)m Y' O V O * s. cje) e) m * W V O O m (o ct o; oj O W O B1W X OtO U< C9 C) v' O = Gl m œ X m mm = m O o

c o o œ

v oo o

= o & c

m mc o

oj

O

vC) r< *

O =

mo o c

œ o œ o

m m o œ

c w % o

O o c o

No N o

Oo o o

X m c o

Xo = c

O o m c

D m X c

Xo % c

rw

m o c c

Om N c

Oo c c

m o o c

97 .u. u,

i

t ' ,.

One turn ofthe inputwillrotate the output those additi onalvalues possibl e,quoting

1*

o ntehd i vi sone ion,ofantd seiogbhvti ousl yvaisi chonievplaat ble oreeve achv u etheargeeaaIrIrart ioatre qui ehi dghto wi any hei een di e f achi ita .l They el ivel yr values.Twenty willsim il arly be arrived at withtwo ful lturns perdivision.Forthe same reason 20,30and 60 are om itted from table

a jes

numbers and mostly numbers oflittle use. O ne hundred and twenty-five is though on the listthat will be usefulf0r that dial

t woand30,45and90fr omtabl ethr ee, r equO i r e fdg f ore ran te8 rTs Pi I gI ea n i f d ics acn rc ew e.forthe Colum n Headings

workshop ownerwho constructs the

The column headings D,P,T and H relate to the following

divi ding head i sthatinaddi tion to the above extra di visions he orshe willget23 fudher

D. Division achi eved

divisions (51 being the lowest)using the

lnthe finalsection ofthi s booka numberof dividing head, Iists six set-ups for 24 tabl es are included to assistin arriving ata di vi sions.

p. Num berofholes on the divisi on pl ate to be used T. Numberofful lturns atthe input

60 :1 ratio thatare notavailable wi th the 40 :1 ratio,being by farthe most com mon com merciall y available di viding head.

suitable setup forthe projectin hand, Having purchased a new dividing head a Based on Division Plate sizes

H. The numberofaddi tionalholesto be trak 'ersed afterthe numberoffullLurns,if Three GearDividing Head

table ofpossible divi sions willbe included

any.

Thetabl escanofcourse onlycovera range

With it that will be fine in most ofdivi sion plate numbers and are based circumstances.However,a second hand head may have parted com pany from its manualand shoul d you makeone yourself, typicall y that in chapter 8,arriving at a suitabie setup woul d necessitate recourse

onthose com monlysuppliedwitha smaller head.These are 15, 16'17,18,19,2O,21, 23,27,29, 31,33,37,39,41,43,47 and 49.

to cal culati on.You mayhavenoti cedthatI Possible divisions notincluded

do notreferto 'the suitable setup''butto 'a sui table setup' 'this is because in many Cases there is more than one method of arriving at the sam e result,often many methods. The m anual supplied w ith a com mercialhead understandably quotes

To lim i tthe size ofthe tablesforpublication some values have been om itted. Values below 20 are notincluded astheycaneasil y be arrived at by observation and some y,values of sim pl e mathematics. O bviousl 15and above willuse divi sionplates having thatnum berofholes, say for 17 use the

justonesetupforeachvalue onthebasis pl ate wi th 17 holes,the holes traversed thatthe supplied division plates wilremain with the head.However,we aIIknow that this so often is notthe case and one plate may go m issing.Form any values this will notbe a probl em as the required divi sion willbe achievable using anotherplate.For thi s reason the published tables include every set-up that provides an achi evable di vision,typicall y,table one,for a 40 : 1

98

....n

being equalto the head' s ratio, say 40 for a 40:1 head. Typi cally forothervalues,for 7 divisions the 21 hole plate woul d be the obvious choice. Values above 200,36O excluded, have been om itted on the basis oftheirIim i ted application. O bserving table one, fora 40 :1head, i twillbe seen thatno values are given for either20 or40 di visi ons, This is because

The dividing head in chapter7 uses either

R.Ratio(gearsizelAppliestotable4only. asinglegearoraddi tionallyapairofgears Providingthe same functi onas a worm and

W orm /W orm W heelratios

wormwheel.TheratiowillthoughbeIower,

Tables 1,2 and 3 are for the commonly typicall y gears of60 and 20 having a rati o available ratios of40 :1,60 :1and 90 :1. of3 : 1,or com plex,gears of65 and 45 However,the head for hom e workshop having a rati o of13 :9.

construction in chapter8 can have 9

additionalratios,forexam ple,35 :1 using the 35 t00th changewheel.Publi shing 9 OtherIistsin fullisobviously impracticaland in any case m ostofthe possi bl e divisions With these willalso be achi evable w i th the 40 :1 and 60 :1 rati os Ii sted in tables one and tWO.

No tabl e isprovided forthe single gear as in this case the results should be obvious.Two exam plesbeing,a fodyt00th gearproviding 2,4,5,8,10 and 2O,a thirtyfive t00th gear5 and 7.Again the tabl e is Iim ited to 16 to 200 plus 36O but also Ieaving out divisions thatcan easily be

Forthatreason,tabl efourincludesonl y achieved wi th a single gear.

l ): i 1 ' ! r 1.DI VI SI ONSPOSSI BLEUSI NGA40: 1 DIVIDING HEA D D P T H 21 21 I 19 22 33 I 27 23 23 I 17 24 15 1 10 24 18 1 12

41 41 0 40 42 21 0 20 43 43 0 40 44 33 0 30 45 18 0 16

75 15 76 19 78 39 80 16 80 18

0 8 0 10 0 20 0 8 0 9

I32 33 I35 27 I36 17 I40 21 I40 49

0 0 0 0 0

24 21 24 11 24 33 24 39 25 15

I 14 l 18 I 22 1 26 I9

45 27 46 23 47 47 48 18 49 49

0 24 Q 20 0 40 0 15 0 40

80 20 :2 41 84 21 85 17 86 43

0 10 Q 2Q 0 10 0 8 0 20

I44 18 l45 29 I48 37 I50 15 I52 19

0 5 Q 8 0 10 0 4 05

25 20 26 39 27 27 28 21 28 49

I 12 I 21 I 13 I 9 I 21

50 15 50 20 52 39 54 27 55 33

0 12 0 16 0 30 0 2û 0 14

88 33 90 18 90 27 92 23 94 47

0 15 08 0 12 0 60 0 20

I55 31 I56 39 I60 16 l60 2û I64 4$

0 0 0 û Q

8 10 4 5 IQ

29 29 30 15 30 18 30 21 30 27

I 11 I 5 l 6 1 7 I9

56 21 56 49 58 29 60 15 60 18

0 15 0 35 0 20 0 10 0 12

95 19 0 8 98 49 0 20 I00 15 0 6 I00 20 0 8 104 39 0 15

I65 33 I68 21 I70 17 I72 43 I80 18

0 0 0 0 0

8 5 4 10 4

30 33 30 39 31 31 32 16 32 20 33 33 34 17 35 21 35 49 36 18 36 17 37 37 38 19 39 39

I 11 I 13 I 9 I 4 I5

60 21 60 27 60 33 60 39 62 31

0 14 0 18 0 22 0 26 0 20

I05 21 0 I08 27 0 II0 33 0 II5 23 0 I16 29 0

8 10 12 8 10

I80 27 184 23 185 37 188 47 I90 19

0 0 0 0 0

6 5 8 10 4

I I l I l 1 l 1 l

64 16 65 39 66 33 68 17 70 21 70 49 72 18 71 27 74 37

0 10 0 24 0 20 0 10 0 12 0 28 0 10 o ls 0 20

l20 15 I20 18 I2Q 21 I20 27 I20 33

0 0 0 0 0

5 6 7 9 11

I95 39 196 49 200 15 200 20 360 18

0 0 û 0 0

8 10 3 4 2

I20 39 l24 31 1a 8 16 I30 39

0 13 0 10 p s 0 12

7 3 3 7 2 3 3 j I

10 8 5 6 14

360 17 0 3

:g.nI VI SI ONSPOSSI BLEUSI NGA60: 1 PIVIDING HEA D D P T H :1 :1 2 18 :1 49 2 42 ,2 33 2 24 :3 23 2 14 :4 16 2 *

45 18 45 21 45 27 45 33 45 39

l6 17 I 9 l 11 I 13

84 49 85 17 86 43 87 29 90 15

0 35 0 12 0 30 0 20 0 10

t35 t8 I35 27 I38 23 I40 21 I40 49

Q 8 0 12 0 10 0 9 0 21

:4 18 14 20 25 15 25 20 16 39

2 2 2 2 2

9 10 6 8 12

46 23 47 47 48 16 48 20 49 49

l7 I 13 l 4 l5 l 11

90 18 0 12 90 21 0 14 90 27 0 18 90 33 0 22 90 39 0 26

l4l 47 I45 29 I47 49 I48 37 I50 15

0 20 0 12 0 20 Q 15 0 6

17 18 27 27 18 21 28 49 29 29

2 2 l 2 2

# 6 3 7 2

50 15 50 20 51 17 52 39 54 18

3 4 3 6 2

92 23 0 15 93 31 0 20 94 47 0 30 95 19 0 12 96 16 0 10

l50 20 l55 31 156 39 I60 16 I62 27

0 0 0 0 0

8 12 15 6 10

31 31 31 16 33 33 34 17 35 21

I 19 I 14 I 17 I 13 I 15

54 27 55 33 57 19 58 29 62 31

l3 I3 l I l I 0 30

98 49 0 3û 99 33 0 20 I00 15 0 9 I00 20 0 12 102 17 0 10

l64 41 l65 33 I70 17 172 43 I74 19

û 0 0 0 0

15 12 6 15 10

35 49 36 15 36 18 36 :1 36 17

I 35 I 10 l 12 l $4 j $8

63 21 0 20 64 IE 0 15 65 39 0 36 66 33 û 3: 68 j7 û js

I05 21 0 12 I05 49 0 28 I08 18 0 10 l08 17 ; 15 jj: 33 û j8

l80 15 l80 18 l80 21 lgc 17 I8û 33

0 0 0 p o

5 6 7 9 jj

34 33 36 39 37 37 38 19 39 ):

j a; l 26 I ,2 j jj j aj

69 za c ac 70 21 0 18 7c 49 c 4: 72 jy c js 74 j7 c yc

jj1 j7 lI4 19 us a3 jj6 z: jjy ;q

c zc 0 10 c j; c jj c :c

jac yq c I85 27 0 j:6 31 c jgg 47 ; jq; jq ;

jy 12 jc js 6

4: 1 6 :0 18 4c :c 41 4j 4, zj

j a l 9 j jc j jq jq

ps 75 ys yg y;

; ja 0 16 c js g yg ; jz

y,g j6 l20 18 jz; ac jzj 4j jz# yj

; a 0 9 c j; ; zg ; js

jNa j6 I95 39 jN: #q j,, yy z;; z,

s 12 js jg o

42 49 :3 43 66 33 XS 15

1 71 I 17 I 12 15

80 20 0 15 81 27 0 20 82 41 0 30 84 21 0 15

I26 21 I29 43 I30 39 I32 33

0 10 0 20 0 18 0 15

360 18 0 3

js 20 j, y, jy

; 0 c g ;

101

...I ..I.k

I

3.Dlvlslo Ns po sslBuE usING A 9n:1 DIVIDING HEAD D P T 20 16 4 20 18 4 20 20 4 21 21 4 21 49 4

H 8 9 10 6 14

4: 49 43 43 46 23 47 47 48 16

2 7 2 4 I 22 l 43 I 14

80 16 81 18 81 27 82 41 85 17

2 2 3 4 l

4.DIVISIO NS POSSIBLE W ITH RATIOS OTHER THA N 40:1 AND 60:1

I35 39 I38 23 I41 47 144 16 l45 29

0 26 0 15 0 30 0 10 0 18

D P T H R 77 21 c Is 5s 77 33 c 3: 70 77 33 0 15 35 77 49 0 35 55

91 21 0 15 65

102

t

'.

c. -.

.

22 33 4 3

49 49

41

86 43 I 2

I47 49 0 30

23 23 24 16 24 20 2s Is

3 21 3 12 3 15 3 9

50 15 50 20 51 17 54 15

12 16 13 10

87 29 93 31 94 47 95 19

I 1 0 30 0 45 0 18

l50 15 I50 20 I53 17 155 31

25 20 3 12

54 18

12

96 16 0 15

l60 16

9

26 39 27 15 27 18 27 21

3 18 3 5 3 6 3 7

54 21 54 27 54 33 54 39

14 18 22 26

98 49 0 45 99 33 0 20 l00 20 0 18 I02 17 0 15

l62 18 l62 27 I65 33 I70 17

10 15 18 9

27 27 3 9

55 33

21

I05 21 0 18

I7l 19 0 10

27 33 3 11

57 19

11

I05 49 0 42

I74 29 0 15

27 39 3 13 29 29 3 3 31 31 2 28

58 29 60 16 60 18

î6 8 %

I08 18 0 15 11c 33 0 17 lu 37 o 3o

480 16 0 8 I8o 18 0 9 I80 zo 0 10

32 16 z 13

60 20

Io

Il4 19 o Is

I85 37 0 18

33 33 2 24

62 31

14

II5 23 0 18

I86 31 0 15

34 17 2 11 35 21 2 12 35 49 2 28

63 21 63 49 65 39

9 21 15

II7 39 0 30 I20 16 0 12 I20 20 0 15

I89 21 0 10 I90 19 0 9 I95 39 0 18

36 36 36 37 38

I 12 1 7 I 6 I 14 I4

l23 41 I26 21 I26 49 I29 43 I30 39

0 0 0 0 0

30 15 35 30 27

l98 200 360 360

l35 I35 I35 I35 I35

0 0 0 0 0

10 12 14 18 22

16 18 20 37 19

2 2 2 2 2

8 9 10 16 7

66 33 69 23 70 21 70 49 72 16

39 39 40 16 40 20 41 41 42 21

2 2 2 2 2

12 4 5 8 3

72 74 75 75 78

20 37 15 20 39

5 8 3 4 6

15 18 21 27 33

33 20 16 20

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

9 12 10 18

1s3 17 j54 ?; I6l 23 I6l 23 I69 39

0 c 0 0 0

5 45 js 70 5 35 10 70 15 65

0 0 0 0 0

5 3 6 4 8

91 39 91 39 91 49 II2 16 II2 16

0 0 0 0 0

30 70 15 35 35 65 5 35 10 70

I7I 19 l75 15 I75 15 I75 20 I75 20

lI9 17 II9 17 12l 33 I25 15 125 15

0 0 0 0 0

10 70 5 35 15 55 3 25 6 50

I75 21 I75 21 I75 21 I75 49 I75 49

l25 I25 j:s I25 j);

0 c c 0 c

9 75 4 zs 8 sc 12 75 s ys

I75 I76 j8a I87 jaq

15 zo zc 20 j:

l33 19 0 10 70 143 33 0 15 65 I43 39 0 15 55

49 16 a: 17 zj

45 35 70 35 70

6 50 3 25 9 75 7 25 14 50 0 c c 0 c

21 75 s ss js 7o 5 55 s 4s

I89 27 0 5 35 I89 27 0 10 70

15 9 4 5

103

1.1 .

I! !

.

I II. : l; i

iI I

DIVISIO NS POSSIBLE W ITH A THREE G EAR

'Il 'I

DIVIDING HEAD

.

I I

I I1 El ' .

,1

DIV TURNS DG 16 1 40

LG NOTE 20 * 1

. THESE DIVIsloNs cAN BE ACHIEVED USING A FORKED

50

20 * 1

DETENT WITH A SINGLE

I

uuAa

;

18

1

:I

21

1 35 25 30

.

26

27 28

1

1 1

20

45 20

50

25 25

65

32 33 36 39 42 44 48 49 52 54 56 63 64 66 72 77 78 80 84 88 90 91

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

20 30 20 30 30 20 30 35 20 30 35 35 20 30 30 35 30 40 35 40 30 35

25 50 25 50 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 20 25

40 55 45 65 35 55 40 70 65 45 40 45 40 3 55 60 55 65 60 * 60 55 60 * 65

96

1 40

24 2 1 20 2 55 0 3 50 5* A

I I I .

I

' ' .

I

j I '

I :

EI

' JI , I 'I ! .1

) $

.

I 11

;I j'j II j1I I

' j I

' j II r

.

.

SG 50

EI

'i j I 1 I

.

1 'j

! ;j ' ' ,;

45

98 99 100 125 200 36O

1 1 1 1 3 7

35 45 40 50 40 30

.

2

.

30 2 35 p

HEADINGS DIV

DIVISION ACHIEVED

TURNS NUMBER OF WORKPIECE IURNS DG GEAR SG DIVIDING SVALL GEAR uc

COUPLua Tc OIVIOING GEA; UARG: UEAR vouNzEo os HEAD spINDLE

25 60 25 25 20 30 30 35

70 55 50 * 75 50 4 60 5

N OTES 1 USES A STEP UP RATIOI GEAR 0N

H EADSPINDLESQALLERTHANTHE DRIVER 2 USE EVERY OTHER TOOTH SPACE 3 UsE FORKED DETENT AND EVERY TOOTH ANn SPACE 4 DIVIDING HEAD OUTPUT ROTATES THREE FULL TURNS 5 DIVIDING HEAD OUTPUT ROTATES SEVEN FULLTURNS 104

F û -F7

Dividing (Workshop Practice)

Dividing

Dividing Reality

Making Clocks (Workshop Practice)

Spindles (Workshop Practice Series)

Model Engineers' Workshop Projects (Workshop Practice)

Workshop Electrics (Workshop Practice; v. 22)

Making Small Workshop Tools (Workshop Practice)

Dividing the Spoils

Dividing the Sustain

Simple Workshop Devices (Workshop Practice Series; v. 28)

Home Workshop Hints and Tips (Workshop Practice; v. 26)

Electric Motors in the Home Workshop (Workshop Practice)

Unimat III Lathe Accessories (Workshop Practice)

Photo Etching (Workshop Practice; v. 36)

Art of Welding (Workshop Practice Series)

Saws & Sawing (Workshop Practice Series)

Foundrywork for the Amateur (Workshop Practice Series )

Dividing New Mexico's Waters, 1700-1912

Dividing New Mexico's Waters, 1700-1912

Dividing Ireland: World War One and Partition

James Patrick Kelly - Dividing the Sustain

Unimat III Lathe Accessories (Workshop Practice Series 32)

Windpower Workshop

Workshop Javascript

Workshop XML

Workshop HTML

Workshop C++

Workshop Drawing

Workshop Electrics

Windpower Workshop

Dividing (Workshop Practice)

Dividing

Dividing Reality

Making Clocks (Workshop Practice)

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