A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint

A GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON o f the SEPTUAGINT

T. M U R A O K A

A GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON of the SEPTUAGINT

PEETERS LOUVAIN - PARIS - WALPOLE, MA 2009

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ISBN 978-90-429-2248-8 D. 2009/0602/87 © PEETERS, Bondgenotenlaan 153, 3000 Leuven, Belgium All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission form the publisher PRINTED IN BELGIUM

Peeters, Warotstraat 50, B-3020 Herent

To Keiko m y wife, w h o has suffered m e so long and w h o has suffered w i t h m e a n d for m e so m u c h .

INTRODUCTION*

There is now hardly any need to justify the compiling of a Septuagint lexicon. The need of a modern scien­ tific Septuagint lexicon was justly recognised by many leading scholars and by the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies. Since one could hardly disagree with Schlirer, who says: "Die Grundlage aller judisch-hellenistischen Bildung ist die alte anonyme griechische Ubersetzung der heiligen Schriften, die unter dem Namen der Septuaginta .. bekannt und durch die Uberlieferung der christlichen Kirche uns vollstandig erhalten ist. Ohne sie ist das hellenistische Judentum ebenso wenig denkbar, wie die evangelische Kirche Deutschlands ohne Luthers deutsche Bibelubersetzung," one wonders how much longer the serious scientific study of this document could be contemplated without the proper tools of the trade such as a dictionary and a grammar. Whatever merits one may still accord to Schleusner's justly famous Lexicon? there is not a shadow of doubt that it needs to be superseded. Apart from the fundamental fact that his diction­ ary is not a dictionary in the usual sense of the term, but rather a collection of philological notes made from the perspective of the H e b r e w word or words which a given Greek word translates in the Septuagint, the lexicon was published decades before the discovery of Greek papyri and inscriptions, which revolutionised our perception of the nature of the language of the Greek Bible. The importance of the Septuagint does not lie merely in its value for historians of Early Judaism, but also in the fact that it embodies quite a sizeable amount of texts witnessing to Hellenistic, Koine Greek. Some of the current lexica such as Liddell, Scott and Jones, and Bauer do make fairly frequent references to the Septuagint, but their treatment, by universal agree­ ment, leaves much to be desired. Furthermore, the last several decades have witnessed remarkable revived interests in the Septuagint, not only on the part of scholars interested in the history of the text of the Hebrew Bible, but also those who study the Septuagint as a Greek text with its own interests and perspectives, not necessarily as a translated text. All these considerations make it imperative that we should have an up-to-date and scientific dictionary of the Septuagint. It was against this backgroud that in the mid eighties I set out, together with Dr J.A.L. Lee, of Sydney University, in the compiling of a lexicon of the Septuagint of the Twelve Prophets. 1

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Scope The present dictionary covers the entire Septuagint, including the so-called deuterocanonical books or apocrypha. Furthermore, the following data have also been systematically covered for this lexicon: a) the Antiochene or proto-Lucianic version in the books of 4 Kingdoms, namely Samuel and Kings of the Hebrew Bible, and the book of Chronicles, and for these books the so-called Kaige recension and/or the text6

* A revised version of the Introduction to our 2 0 0 2 lexicon, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint: Chiefly of the Pentateuch and the Twelve Prophets (Leuven: Peeters, 2002). For a brief history of a never completed project launched by this organization with a view to filling this gap, see Muraoka 1986b, esp. 255f., and Muraoka 1990: vii-viii. See further E. Tov, "Some thoughts on a lexicon of the L X X , " BIOSCS 9 (1976) 14-46. E. Schiirer, Geschichte des jiidischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, Bd. 3 (Leipzig, 1909), p. 424. Incidentally, in the English translation as revised and edited by G. Vermes et al. (Edinburgh, 1986), the closing sentence of the above quote reads: "Without it the religion of the Greek-speaking Jews was as unthinkable as the Church of England without the Authorised Version" (vol. III. 1, 474). J.F. Schleusner, Novus thesaurus philologico-criticus sive lexicon in LXX et reliquos interpretes graecos ac scriptores apocryphos veteris testamenti, 5 vols. (Leipzig, 1820). For an evaluation of this dictionary, see J. Lust, "J.F. Schleusner and the lexicon of the Septuagint," ZAW 102 (1990) 252-62. In this Introduction "Hebrew" is mostly a shorthand including also Aramaic. On some methodological flaws in the former work in this regard, see Caird 1968, Caird 1969, and Lee 1969. For this the Spanish edition by N. Fernandez Marcos & J.R. Busto Saiz, El Texto Antioqueno de la Biblia griega, has been used: 1-2 Samuel (Madrid, 1989), 1-2 Kings (Madrid, 1992), and 1-2 Chronicles (Madrid, 1996). Cf. also N . Fernandez Marcos, V. Spottorno Diaz-Caro and J.M. Caiias Reillo, Indice griego-hebreo del Texto Antioqueno en los libros historicos, 2 vols. (Madrid, 2005). 1

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VIII

INTRODUCTION

form presented in the edition by Rahlfs have also been fully investigated, and most of the variations between the two have been noted when instances are cited from these books with the form in the Antiochene version marked with L, b) the Antiochene text of Judges in addition to two versions of Judges, represented mainly by the codices A and B respectively, c) Esther: both versions, the Old Greek, marked with o', and the so-called Alpha text, marked with L; six additional chapters enumerated from A to F, following the Gottingen edition by Hanhart, d) Daniel: both the Old Greek and the so-called Theodotionic version, marked with L X X and T H respec­ tively, e) Job: the astericised passages or portions, marked with H, f) what is printed in smaller typeface in Ziegler's edition of Ben Sira, representing a later Greek recension, marked here with fl, g) both versions of Tobit marked with and v KAP7TA>v auxfjc; .. KAXD xd - a xfjc; yfjc; Ho 10.1, xd ~d xfjc; yf\q (pdysaGs Is 1.19, sim. Je 2.7. On the partial synonymity of dyaOoq and \caX6q, see esp. Zc 9.17. Cf. dyaOorcoisco, dyaGuvco, dyaGoxrjc;, dyaOooauvrj, (piXdyaOoq, PsA/cia>v, PsA/ciaxoc;, \caX6q, Xpr\ax6q, sA,SF|pcov, aupcpspco, dxpsA,sco, KaKog, 7iovr|p6.* 1. to conduct oneself in accordance with good ethi­ cal standards: Ps 35.4; xoC T i o i f j a a i xd suGsc; 4K 10.30. 2. to act kindly and confer benefits on: + dat. pers., Ps 48.19, 124.4 (s God); + acc. pers., 50.20. 3. to adorn: s woman, xfjv KS(paA,f|v auxfjc; 4K 9.30 (L Koapsco); s God, o xo ovopd xivoc; 3K 1.47. 4. to cause to excede in quality: + a c c , xo sA,80opoA,siav 'to be destroyed' Es E 13; + cogn. a c c , aixrjpa IK 1.17, aixrjaiv piav alxoupai Tcapd a o u 3K 2.16; xivd xi, Jo 15.18 (II xi 7 c a p d xivog Jd 1.14), Jo 14.12, ^cofjv f|xfjaaxo a s Ps 20.5. c. mid. to ask for permission to leave the pres­ ence of: fjxrjadprjv Tcapd xou Paai>.scog T took leave of the king' Ne 13.6. *d. mid. to ask for a fa­ vour of being allowed to do sth: + p t c , Ssopsvog a o u Od 12.13. 2. to borrow: + a c c and Tcapd xivog, Ex 22.14. Cf. aixrjpa, aixrjaig, Ssopai, speoxdeo: Schmidt 1.193f.; Stahlin, TDNT 1.190-2 aiTTipa, axog. n. that which one asks for: Ps 105.15, xfjg KapSiag a o u 36.4, \|/uxfjg PSol 6.6; + d^icopa Es 5.7, 7.2; cogn. obj. of aixsco IK 1.17. Cf. aixsco. aixTjaig, scog. f. act of asking for: as cogn. obj., Jd 8.24 A (B: aixrjpa), 3K 2.16. b . that which one asks for: Jb 6.8. Cf. aixsco, aixrjpa, Ssrjaig. (

a i x i a , ag. f.

1. punishable guilt: psi^cov fj aixia pou Ge 4.13.

18 2. accusation: |3aaiA,iKf| 'by a king' Jb 18.14; ev - a cpovou 'charged with murder' Pr 28.17. b. reason for accusation: I M 9.10. 3. that which causes sth: IE 2.19, 4M 1.16. Cf. alxidopai, aixiog. aixidopai: fut. alxidaopai.J to lay the blame at the door of: + a c c , xov Oeov Pr 19.3, xov Koupov 'the current (economic situation)' Si 29.5; 4M 2.19. Cf. aixia, eyKaA,eco, Kaxriyopeco: Schmidt 1.150-4. aixiog, a, ov. responsible for a wrongdoing or sth that ought not to have happened: + xou inf., "the downfall of a tyr­ anny" 4M 1.11; for a punishable deed, Su 53 T H ( L X X evo%og); + gen. of crime, dTtGAeiag '(attempted) de­ struction' Bel 42, xfjc; o^rjg KaKiag 2M 4.47, dOcpcov aipdxcov 'innocent death' Es 7.23 L (o' pexo%og 'partaker'), b . bearing the responsibility for: + gen., xcov \(/i)%cov 'for (the security of) the lives' IK 22.22. Cf. aixia, evoxog. aicpvi5iog, ov.J unexpected, unforeseen: s sth undesirable, dcpacria 'onslaught of aphasia' 2M 14.17, xapaxfj 'disrup­ tion' 3M 3.24; cpoPog and + dTtpoaS6Kr|xog Wi 17.15. Cf. alcpviSicog, ec;aicpvr|g, aTtpoaS6Kr|xog: Spicq 1.49-52. aicpvifticog. adv.J unexpectedly: 2M 5.5, 14.22. Cf. aicpviSiog, dcpvco. aixpaXcocria, a c f. 1. state of being a captive, 'captivity': Ttopeuaovxai oi Paai^eTg auxfjc; ev - a 'her kings will go as captives' Am 1.15; TtopeuOcbaiv ev - a Ttpd TtpoacoTtou xcov exOpcov auxcov '.. ahead of their en­ emies' 9.4; ec;e>.euaexai xo fjpiau xfjc; Tto^ecoc; ev - a 'half of the city will leave in captivity' Zc 14.2; dTtoScbaovxai auxoug eig - a v 'they will sell them into captivity' Jl 3.8; xd eK xfjg - a g 'the things of the captivity' Zc 6.10. 2. collectively, captives, people residing in a for­ eign land as a consequence of lost war: ev xcp eTtiaxpecpeiv pe xfjv - a v xou taxou pou 'when I bring back the captives of my people' Ho 6.11; also + eTtiaxpecpco Am 9.14, Jl 3.1, Zp 3.20; + dTtoaxpecpco 2.7 - in all these places the noun is possibly abstract, i.e. sense 1. in the sense of 'to turn the cap­ tivity'; as a cogn. o b j . , a i x p a t a o x e u a a i auxoug - a v Am 1.6; (juveKA,eiaav - a v xou Eataopcov eig xfjv TSoupaiav 'they confined Solomon's captives in Idumea' Am 1.9; numerous as sand, auvdc^ei cbg dppov - a v Hb 1.9; applied to cavalry horses, i'TtTtcov a o u Am 4.10; II aTtoiKia Je 37.18; a i . TtapoiKiag IE 5.7. For single captives, aixpdAxoxog is used, b. place of captivity: eiae^Oe eig xfjv - a v Ez 3.11; 3.15, 11.24.

3. coll., prisoners of war: Kaxertpovopeuaav ec; auxcov - a v Nu 21.1; II aKutax, 7tpovopf| 31.12; poss. including non-combatants, Is 20.4. Cf. aixpaA,G)xeuo), alxpaA,coxig, and aixpdAxoxog. aixpa^coxeoco: fut. alxpaAxoxeuaco, pass. -Ofjaopai; aor. fixpataoxeuaa, inf. alxpataoxeuaai, subj. -xeuaco, ptc. - x e u a a g , pass. fixpataoxeuOrjv; pf.pass.3sg flXpaXcbxeuxai, ptcpass. fixpataoxeupevog. to take as prisoner (of war), to take captive: + acc. pers. Ge 14.14; Ttdvxa xd acbpaxa auxcov K a i Ttdaav xfjv a7toc7Keuf|v auxcov K a i xdg y u v a i K a g auxcov 'all their slaves and all their little ones and ..' 34.29; Suvapiv auxou Ob 11; + acc. rei, dTtoGKeufjv ' b a g ­ gage' 1C 5.21; + a cogn. o b j . , alxpaA,coaiav xou XaXcopcov Am 1.6; + an emphasising p t c , a i x p a A,a>xeuopevr| -xeuOf|aexai 5.5; fixpataoxeuOrjaav and a o u 'they have been taken away from you as captives' Mi 1.16. Cf. aixpataoxi^co and a i x p a t a o a i a . aixpaXcoxi^co: fut.pass. aixpaXcoxia0f|C7opai; aor. flXpaA,cbxiaa, ptc. - x i a a g , pass. -xiaOeig, inf. - x i a Ofjvat; pf. tJxpataoxiKa. Syn. w. aixpataoxeuoo (q.v.): A,a6g Zupiag Am 1.5 (v.l. -xeuOf|aexai). b. metaph.: "her beauty cap­ tivated his soul" Ju 16.9 (II dpTtd^co), cf. auvapTtd^co. Cf. aixpataoxeuo). aixpa^coxig, iSog. f.J person kept in confinement and unable to escape, 'captive': dTtf|yayeg xdg Ouyaxepag pou cbg - i S a g 'led my daughters away like captives' Ge 31.26; ev xcp >-dKKCp 'in the dungeon' Ex 12.29 (unlikely a fe­ male prisoner). Cf. aixpaAxoaia, alxpdtaoxog. aixpdXcoxog, dv. 1. captured: s animal, - o v yevrjxai Ex 22.10. 2. subst., person to be moved to a foreign land as a consequence of lost war: a l . axOfjcrexai aTto xfjg yfjg auxou Am 7.11, 17; eig pexoiKeaiav Ttopeua e x a i a i . Na 3.10. Cf. a l x p a t a o a i a . aicov, covog. m. 1. very long stretch of time ahead: adv. a c c , xov - v a ^fjaovxai Zc 1.5; Ttdvxa xov - v a 'for ever' To 6.18 .ivf|g, sg.J refusing to yield to pressure to bend or change course, 'unswerving, unflinching': s Xoyiapog 'ra­ tional will' 4M 6.7; hum., 17.3. dKpd^co.J to have a youthful yearning: Tcpdg a u v o u a i a a p o v 'after sexual intercourse' 4M 2.3. Cf. dKpf|. d n p a i o g , a, ov.J typical of the prime of one's life: + s fjXiKia 'age' 3M 4.8. dKpf|, fjg. f.J 1. highest point: d. f|A,iKiag 'the prime of your manhood' Si 26.19^, KaXXovq auxfjg ' o f her beauty' Es D 5; xP^vog -fjg 'the period of (my) prime' 4M 18.9. b. the far end: the tip of a sword, 2M 12.22. c. excess of sth undesirable: 'EM/rjviapofj ' o f Hellenisation' 2M 4.13; OupoC '(exceeding) anger' Es D 7. 2. critical moment: 2M 1.7. Cf. dKpd^co, d K p a i o g , a K p o g , svfjXic;, TtapaKpd^co: Shipp 5If.

21 diqicov, o v o g . m.J anvil: Jb 41.16, Si 38.28. aKof|, fjc f. 1. that which is heard: 'message,' d. p a x a i a 'baseless hearsay' Ex 23.1; ~f|v f|KOi)aa Tcapd Kupiou Ob 1; 'report,' fj d. a o u O U K s v a K o u aOfjasxai 'nothing will be heard of you' Na 1.12; 'fame,' siaaKfjKoa xfjv ~f|v a o u Hb 3.2; 'rumour,' sv xfj ~f| xfjg 0Xi\|/8Cog auxcov 'through a rumour of their suffering' Ho 7.12; d. sipf|vr|g Is 52.7, d. 7TOvr|pd Je 30.12, Ps 111.7; topic of conversation, Ez 16.56; cbxicov 'with ears' Si 43.24. b. that which is publicly announced, proclaimed: xig STtiaxsus xfj ~fj fjpcov; Is 53.2. c. v. n. of dKouco: cogn. dat., dKofj dKOUarjc; Ex 15.26, De 28.1, sim. 11.13; ~fj siaaKOUaopai Ex 22.23, sim. De 15.5; II (sTt)aK p o a a i g l K 15.22. 2. ear: sense organ, 2M 15.39. Cf. dKouco, d K p o a a i g , dyysAia, cpf|pr|. aKoiprjxog, ov.J liable to become inactive: s cpsyyog 'light (of wis­ dom)' Wi 7.10. aKoivcovTjxog, ov.J having nothing in common, 'unique' or incapable of being communicated: s o v o p a 'name' Wi 14.21. Cf. KOivog. dKoXaaia, ag. f.J recalcitrance: TtaOcov ' o f p a s s i o n s ' 4M 13.7. Cf. dK6A,aaxog. dKoIaaxog, ov.J incorrigible: s hum., Pr 19.29, 21.11; wine, 20.1 (II u p p i a x i K o g ) . Cf. KoA,d^a>, aKoA,aaia. aKoXouOsco: fut. dKoA,ou0f|aa>; aor.impv. dKoXouOrjaov, inf. ~A,ou0fjaai; pf.ptc. f|KoA,ou0r|K6g. 1. to move in the footsteps of ' f o l l o w ' : + dat. pers., Nu 22.20; xd f|KoA,ou0r|K6xa poi 'the provisions I have brought with m e ' Ju 12.2; *OTciaco xivog Ho 2.7, Is 45.14. b. metaph., to obey: + dat. pers., Oscp Si 23.28f; + dat. rei, vopoig 2M 8.36. 2. to come after in time: Si prol. 2. Cf. S7t~, K a x - , 7tap~, auvaKoXouOsco, aKoXou0a>g, srcopai, auvsrcopai, 7isi0a>, TisiOapxsco, ujcaK O U G K Schmidt 3.237-40; Kittel, TDNT 1.211-3. dKoIouOia, ag. f.J that which results from sth else: TtaOcov ' o f pas­ sions' 4M 1.21. dKo^ouOog, ov.J 1. subsequent: s K a i p o g 'the subsequent course of events' 2M 4.17. 2. corresponding: .. K a i xouxoig ~ a '.. a n d such­ l i k e ' IE 8.14. dKoXouOcog. adv. in conformity with: + dat., IE 5.48, 7.6; + gen., 2M 6.23.

dKOvdco: aor. f|K6vr|aa; pf.ptc.pass. fjKOvrjpsvog. to sharpen: o psA,og ' a r r o w ' Ps 44.6, %up6v ' r a ­ zor' 51.4, cog popcpaiav xdg yXcbaaag auxcov 63.4, cf. 139.4; p d ^ a i p a Pr 5.4. Cf. s^aKOvdoo, 6c;uvco. dKovxi^co.J to cause a missile to move in the air with high ve­ locity: abs., IK 20.20, 37; + a c c . rei, psA,rj ' a r r o w s ' 20.36L; + dat. (missile), <J%i^r\ ' w i t h a dart' 20.36; £v ^GXI^axq^ i b . Cf. dKovxiaxf|g, KaxaKovxi^co. dKovxi dKdv. dKcoXuxog, ov.J having complete freedom of action: s spirit of Wis­ dom,

Wi

7.22.

Cf.

KCOXUCO.

dKCOV. adv.J against one's own will: to transgress, Jb 14.17; to do a favour, 4M 11.12. Cf. d K O u a i d ^ o p a i , S K C O V . dXdpacrcpocj, ou. m.J vase: 4K 21.13B (L Tiuc^iov). dXa^ovsia, a c f. arrogant, pretentious over estimation of self: Wi 5.8 (II U7rspr)(pavia), 2M 9.8; + KsvoSocjia, psyaXauxia 4M 2.15, + KsvoSoc^ia 8.19. Cf. aXa^ov s u o p a i , y a u p i a p a , Kop7iocj: Schmidt 4.209f. dXa^ovsuopai.J to speak with dXa^ovsia (q.v.): svrimiov p a a i Xscoq 'in front of a king' Pr 25.6. b. to claim with dtax^ovsia sbd or sth to be: + double a c c , rcaxspa 0s6v W i 2 . 1 6 . Cf. dXa^ovsia, dXa^cov, psyaXuvco. dA,a£a>v, o v o c m./f.J person inclined to the attitude ofaXaC,ov£\a (q.v.): dvfjp a. Hb 2.5; u i o i ~6vcov 'young lions(?)' Jb 28.8 (II Xscov), + au0d5r|Cj 'self-willed,' Opaaucj 'bold' Pr 21.24. Cf. dtax^ovsia, psyaXuvco, U7ispf|cpavocj: Trench 98-105; Delling, TDNT 1.226f.; Spicq 1.63-5. d l d X a y p a , axoq. n.J = &XaXay\xoq, q.v.: raised by ecstatic troops, II Kpauyf| IK 4.6 L; fig. of arrogance, PSol 17.6, emended from dXXdypaxoc Cf. Kpauyf|. d^aXaypog, o u . m. loud noise: heard at a site of disaster, Je 20.16 (II Kpauyf)); made by cattle being slaughtered, 32.22; cry of joy, Ps 26.6; of praise, 32.3; of public celebra­ tion, + %apa 'joy' 3M 4.1; battle-cry, Jo 6.20. Cf. dXaXd^co, Kpauyf), (pcovf).

d^ald^co: fut. aXaXa^co; aor. i)XaXalqa, impv. aXaXalqov, subj. aXaXalqco. to shout: out of grief, Je 4.8 (+ K07ixopai), II Kpd^oo 29.2, 30.3; out of j o y and + dat. pers., xcp

Oscp Ps 80.2 (II d y a M a d o p a i ) , 97.4 (also II d5co, \\raXX(d), s v cpoovfj dyaMadascoc; 'with a sound of j o y ' 46.2, s v \\raX[io\q 94.2, eni xiva Ez 27.30 (II Kpd^co); cpcovfj psydXr) Ju 14.9, dXaXaypcp p s ydXco Jo 6.20. Cf. aXaXay^ioq, d^dXaypa, Kpd^co, oXoXv^co. aXaXoq, ov.J incapable of speech: s %siXr\ 'lips' Ps 30.19; 37.14, cf. a. dvOprimoic; a K i d 'a shadow, mute to men' (s a deceased person) ND 4.149. Cf. XaXecd, Kcocpocj, dcpaaia. aXaq. => aXq. aXdaxap, o p o c m. 1. avenging spirit or deity: 4M 11.23. 2. he whose deeds deserve vengeance: 2M 7.9; a. xupavvocj 4M 9.24. dXysco: fut. dXyfjaco; aor. fj^yr)aa.J to suffer acute pain: s hum. and + acc. (suffering part), xf)v KOiTdav pou ' m y belly' Je 4.19, xf)v KscpaXfjV pou 4K 4.19L, xpaupa 'wound' Jb 16.6; 7ixcox6cj K a i aXycbv Ps 68.30; hum. b o d y , Jb 14.22 (II 7rsv0sco); mental and s hum., S7ii a o i 'over y o u ' 2K 1.26; birds, xfj axpoyfj 'from affection' 4M 14.17. Cf. dXyr)5cov, 7isv0sco, auvaXysco, cb8ivco: Schmidt 2.605. aXyr\S(bv, o v o c f. acute pain: aKXrjpd 'severe' 2M 6.30; Ps 37.18; + 65uvr| 2M 9.9; bodily, acopdxcov 4M 3.18. Cf. dXysoo, aXyrjpa, oSuvrj, novoq: Schmidt 2.603f. dXyrjpa, axoq. n. = dXyr)5cbv, q.v.: Ps 38.3; mental, Ec 2.23 (+ 0upog). Cf. d^yrjScbv. aXyr\poq, d, ov.J* causing pain, 'painful, smarting': s 7iXr|yf| 'a blow (sustained)' Je 10.19, 37.12; sicj ~ 6 v 'ending up in pains' 37.13. dXyoq, ovq. n.J grief: La 1.12; xcov xpaupaxicov ' o f wounds' Ps 68.27; a. KapSiag K a i nevQoq Si 26.6, Kaxd K a p Siav svsaxoc; 'lodged in his heart' 2M 3.17. Cf. Xu7ir), 65uvr|, nevBoq: Schmidt 2.597, 601f. aXzeuq, scoc m. Also aXxevq (an older form). fisherman: operating in the Nile, Is 19.8; s v 7rXoioicj dXiscov 'in fishermen's boats' Jb 40.31. b. emissary sent out to gather scattered coreligionists, Je 16.16 (II 0r|psuxf|c), cf. 7ioif|aco upac; - s i g dvOpcb7icov Mt 4.19. Cf. d^isuco. d l s i p p a , axoq. n.J that which is used for anointing, 'unguent': s ^ a i o v a. xpicrscocj ayiov Ex 30.31; cogn. obj., a. O U K f|Xsi\|/dpr|V 'I have not applied unguent' Da T H 10.3 ( L X X staxiov); fig., d. sucppoauvrjc; Is 61.3. Cf. d^sicpco.

25 dXsicpco' fut. d^si\|/co, mid. d^sh|/opai; aor. fjXsi\|/a, subj. d^si\|/co, mid. f|Xsi\|/dpr|V, inf. dXsh|/aaOai; pf.ptc.pass. fj^sippsvog. to spread sticky, fluid-like substance over the sur­ face of 'to anoint': o axr\Xr\ 'stela, pillar' Ge 31.13, xoTxog 'wall' Ez 13.10; person, Ex 40.13; sbd in­ ducted as priest, Nu 3.3; metaph., to oil sbd's palm in order to ingratiate oneself with him, Ez 22.28. b. mid., abs., 2K 12.20 (L %pi(ti); one's own body with s ^ a i o v (acc.) 'olive oil' Mi 6.15, Da 10.3 L X X ( T H d ^ s i p p a ) (with no ceremonial significance); sv staxicp Es 2.12 o'. Cf. Xinaivco, %pi(£>, a ^ s i p p a , aXoiyr], s^a^sicpco. dX,£KXOg, ov.J

impossible to express verbally: s sorrow, 3M 4.2. Cf. Xsyco. dX-SKTpocov, ovog. m.J cock: crowing (Kpd^oo) at the dawn, 3M 5.23. Cf. d ^ s K i c o p : Shipp 55f. dX-SKtcop, o p o c m.J synonym of p r e c : Pr 30.31. Cf. d^sKXpucov: Bain 122. d^sopov, O D . n. wheat-meal: Ho 8.7, Is 47.2; d. KpiOivov 'barley meal' Nu 5.15 (cultic offering). Cf. aTxog, dXsco. d^sco: aor.impv. dXsaov.J to grind: + a c c , hard stuff for food, d ^ s u p o v 'wheat-meal' Is 47.2. Cf. d ^ s u p o v , d^f|0co, K a x a Xsco. d^f|0sia, a c f. 1. truthfulness, sincerity (of character, thought or conduct): s man, II eXsoq Ho 4 . 1 ; II sipf|vr| Zc 8.19; 6p6cjr| psxd - a g 'swear ..' Je 4.2, rcopsusaOai sv - s i g 3K 2.4, + sv rciaxsi 4K 20.3L, + SiKaioauvr) To 14.7 (S ; opp. rcopvsia 'carnal lust' To 8.7; a gift of God, Mi 7.20 (II sXsog); an attribute of God, Ge 24.27, 32.10, Zc 8.8 (+ SiKaioauvr]), IE 4.40; vopog - a g Ma 2.6. 2. faithfulness: 7ioif|asig S7i s p s sA,sr)poauvr|v Kai - a v Ge 47.29, - a v s7ioir|aag Ne 9.33, spyd^opai sv - a 'work dutifully' Si 7.20; + K p i a i g . 3. truth (opp. lie): XaXsTxs - a v Zc 8.16, cf. Ps 14.2 (:: SoXoco vs. 3), pf] d v x i ^ s y s xfj - a Si 4.25; S7i' - a g 'based on truth' De 22.20; O U K saxiv sv xcp axopaxi auxcov a. Ps 5.10, Xoyov - a g 118.43, pf|paxa - a g Ju 10.13; Pr 8.7. 4. accordance with reality: en - a g oiSa oix ouxcog saxiv Jb 9.2, S7i' - a g f|pf|pcoaav 'it is a known fact that they demolished' Is 37.17 II 4K 19.17L (B+ II - g ) ; Kaxd - a v .. GsTog 'truly divine' 4M 5.18; 7is7ioi06xsg eni xov Osov .. xfj - a 'trusting .. actually' Is 10.20; xalg - a i g 'as a matter of fact' Es E 10, 2M 3.9, 'in truth' 7.6; piaOdg - a g 'true re­ ward' Pr 11.18. 1

5

5. a means of revealing or arriving at correct deci­ sion (?): carried by the high priest in his oracular pouch - combined with Sfjtaoaig - dpxispsug svSsSupsvog xfjv SfjXcoaiv Kai xfjv - a v 'the high priest wearing ..' IE 5.40; Ex 28.26, Le 8.8; Sfj^oi Kai a. De 33.8. Cf. dXr)0f|g, d^rjOivog, ysuSog: Schmidt 4.290-2; Bultmann, TDNT 1.238-44; Spicq 1.66-86. dXrjOsuco: fut. dA,r|0suaco; aor.impv. d^fjOsuaov.J 1. to tell the truth: abs. Pr 21.3, s i dA,r|Qsusxs r\ ou Ge 42.16; navxa dXf|0euaov 'Tell the whole truth' 20.16. Cf. ND 4.145. 2. to declare to be true: + a c c , pouW|V Is 44.26 (II iaxrjpi). 3. to prove true: anb \j/su8oug xi d^rjOsuasi; Si 31.4. Cf. d^r|0f|g, \|/su8opai. d^T|0f|g, sg. 1. being in accordance with the true state of af­ fairs: - s g s a x a i xo pfjpa xo n a p d xou Osou Ge 41.32; ~f|g aacpcbg 6 Xoyog De 13.14; iScopsv si o i Xoyoi auxou - s i g 'let's see if his words are true' Wi 2.17; (xo) - s g 'the truth' 4M 5.10, Jb 42.7f. 2. rightly so called, not spurious: s god, Wi 12.27. 3. in the habit of speaking truth, 'honest': dvfjp d. Ne 7.2. b. sincere: s desire, Wi 6.17. 4. indicative of integrity of character: s deed, Jb 5.12; 17.10; god, + xpr|axog 'kindly' Wi 15.1 (or: 3a). Cf. dXfjOsia, d^rjOivog, d^rjOcog, d^rjOsuco, i|/su8f)g, d\|/su8f)g: LSG s.v. dX/qGivog, f), ov. 1. truthful: s God, paKpoOupog Kai noXveXeoq Kai a. Ex 34.6, Nu 14.18 (His truthfulness manifest­ ing itself in His concern about maintenance of justice and righteousness), sim. Ps 85.15; hum., d., dpsp7Txog, SiKaiog, Osoaspfjg '.., impeccable, .. God-fear­ ing' Jb 1.1; psxd d^rjOsiag sv KapSia -fj Is 38.3; II SiKaiog Jb 17.8, 27.17; II KaOapog 4.7; + rciaxog 3M 2.11. 2. authentic, as it should be: s God's works or deeds, De 32.4; Jerusalem, Zc 8.3; 686g 'way of life' Is 65.2, grape-vine Je 2.21 (:: akXbxpxoq). 3. not fraudulent: s axdOpiov - o v Kai SiKaiov .. psxpov - o v Kai SiKaiov 'accurate and honest weight .. measure' De 25.15. b. according with the principle of justice: divine judgement, Ps 18.10, Da 3.27 L X X ( T H dXrjOsiag); + SiKaiog To 3.2 (S . 4. = dXrjOfig 1: s message (Xoyog) 3K 10.6, Da 10.1 T H ( L X X dXr)0f|g), pfjpa Kupiou sv (xcp) a x o ­ paxi a o u 3K 17.24; %eiXr[ 'lips' Pr 12.19. 5. = dXriOfig 2: s god, Is 65.16, 2C 15.3. Cf. d^f|0sia, d^TjOivcog, SiKaiog: Trench 26-30; Bultmann, TDNT 1.249f.; Spicq 1.84f. 1

26 d ^ O i v c o c adv.J 1. correctly and without erring: opoov Nu 24.3, 15. 2. in accordance with truth: O V J K S7copsu0r]psv d. svrimiov a o u To 3.5 Osou IaparjA, Ez 9.3, sim. 11.23. f. proc­ ess: iaaig 'healing' Je 8.22, cf. s.v. dvdyco 5. g. medical symptom: A,suKCopa 'white film' To 6.9 pVnon 'to disappear, g o away.' Cf. dvsPrj fj vscpsXrj dTCO xfjg aKrjvfjg 'the cloud lifted from the n

e

36 tent' Nu 10.11, sim. 9.17, 2 1 , Ex 40.31 and ' E K X C O pfjaaxs 'Depart!' for ^ n n Nu 16.45; &vs|k| f| 86vapig xcov XaA,Saioov and IspouaaArjp 'the Chaldaean army lifted its siege from J.' Je 44.11 (II dTtoxpsxovxsg d7isA,suaovxai v s . 9; Trg. 'istallaq 'disappeared'), dvapfjasxai an spou 3K 15.19 (II 2C 16.3 d7i£^0STCO an e p o u 'let him get off m y back'), 4K 12.19, cf. drcsAsuasxai (MT: yadle) dcp' fjpcov Je 21.2. See also Renehan 2.22 on an intr. dvdyco (sc. sauxov) 'to withdraw, retreat.' See also s.v. dvdyco 4 and u\|/6oo 3. *5. to set out on a military campaign: sig 7t6A,spov 3K 22.15; s an army, srci xfjv yfjv pou 'advance against m y land' Jl 1.6, srci I s p o u a a ^ r j p 7ioA,spfjaai auxf|v Is 7.1, sim. 36.10; Jl 3.12, cf. Ob 21, Na 2.2; srci xov Xaov pou Ez 38.16; rcpog xo sOvog Nu 13.31; sig xfjv TouSaiav Is 7.6, slg a s Je 31.18. See also s.v. dvdyco 3. Cf. dvaPaOpig, dvdpaaig, dvapdxr|g, s p - , S T U - , Kaxa~, auvavaPaivco, dvapipd^co, dvdyco, dvaxsUco: Schmidt 1.477-504. avafiaXXw: aor. dvsPaAov, mid. dvsPaA6pr|v; pf. ptc.mid. ~PsPA,r|psvog.J 1. act, to toss: + a c c , S T U xfjv yfjv To 6.4 (S ; 4M 9.12. 2. to wear: + a c c , axoA,f|V 'garment' Si 50.11 (II s v 8 i 8 u a K o p a i ) . II. mid. to get into action: abs., Ps 77.21, or poss. to put off an action. 2. to dismiss the case of as of no consequence and urgency: + acc. pers., xov xptcrcov a o u Ps 88.39, cf. Acts 24.22. 3. to throw over own shoulder and wear: + a c c , cpcbg cbg ipdxiov Ps 103.2; Si7rA,oi'Sa dvapspA,r|psvog 'clothed with a double cloak' IK 28.14. Cf. dvappdaaco, svStSuaKCO, svSuco: LSG s.v.; Joosten 2005.155-63. dvdpaaig, scog. f. 1. ascent: w. ref. to the Exodus, S K yfjg Aiyujcxou Ho 2.15; Ouaiaaxrjpiou dyiou Si 50.11; of sunrise at dawn, xou opOpou Ne 4.21. b. metaph., upward struggle: Ps 83.6. 2. ascending road: Is 15.5; 6 olKoSopcbv slg xov oupavov ~iv 'one who builds a passage up into the sky' Am 9.6, cf. dvaPaivco, la. *3. that which has emerged: fruits, crop, II Kaprcog Ez 47.12; thought, plan Ps 83.6, cf. dvapaivco 2 and Ath. ad l o c , or poss. l b . Cf. dvapaivco: LSG s.v. dvaPacrxd^co: aor. d v s p d a x a a a . j * to grasp and move upwards: xi Jd 16.3. dvapdxr|g, ou. m. person mounted: of charioteer, d p p a x a Kai ~ a i Ex 14.23, Hg 2.22; of cavalry, I T T J I O I Kai ~ a i auxcov ib., 1

sim. De 20.1; ~ai ITTTCCOV Z C 10.5; dvapdxag i7C7csTg .. ~riv ovou Kai ~r|v Kapfj^ou Is 21.7. Cf. dva­ Paivco, scpuurog. Del. I M 4.36, 5.25 v.l. dvapipd^co: fut. ~PiPcb, ~Pipdaco, pass. ~piPaa0f|aopai; aor. dvspipaaa, impv. ~pipaaov, inf. ~PiPdaai, ptc. ~Pipdaag, pass. dvspipdaOr|V. 1. to cause to move higher, causative of dvaPaivco: + acc, dvspipaaav xov Icoarjcp S K X O U A,dKKou Ge 37.28; sig yfjv psouaav ydAa Kai psAi 'into a land flowing with milk and honey' Ex 3.17; tn\ xo dppa 'on to the carriage' Ge 41.43; S7ii xd urco^uyia 'on to the beasts of burden' Ex 4.20; dvaPtPoo srci Tidaav dacpuv adKKOV T will bring sackcloth on every­ body's loins' Am 8.10; dvaPfjaovxai oi pdxpaxoi.. dvsPiPdaOr) 6 pdxpaxog Ex 8.4-6; S7ii xfjv laxuv xfjg yfjg De 32.13, cf. S7ii xd dyaOd xfjg yfjg Is 58.14; of the Exodus, dvspipaadv a s S K yfjg Aiyu7ixou Ex 32.4; %ovv ('dust') STci xfjv Kscpa^fjv auxcov La 2.10 (mourners), b. o cultic offerings: o^oKauxcbpaxa Ex 32.6; poaxov Kai Kpiov eni xov Pcopov Nu 23.4 (II dvacpspco v s . 2), Ouaiag Is 57.7 (II dvacpspco v s . 6). 2. to cause to launch a military attack, caus. of dvaPaivco 5: + acc. pers. (attacker), S T C I x i v a (the attacked) I E 1.49, I T T T I O V S T U "xfjv yfjv" Je 28.27. Cf. Pipd^co, STCiPipd^co, dvaPaivco, dvdyco, dva­ cpspco. dvapicoaig, scog. f.J* act of reactivating: ^cofjg 2M 7.9. dvap^aaxdvco: fut. -pXaaxfjaco.J to emerge: s plant, Jb 8.19; metaph., rcovog 5.6. Cf. P^aaxdvco. dvapAsTMo: fut.mid. ~PA,s\j/opai; aor. avsfiXeya, ptc. ~PA,s\|/ag, inf. ~pA,s\|/ai, impv. dvdpA,s\|/ov. 1. to look upwards: sig xov oupavov Ge 15.5; sig xov oupavov avco Is 8.21, 2M 7.28; to notice sth as a result, dvaPA,s\|/ag xoTg ocp0aA,poig a&xou si8sv, Kai i5oi) .. Ge 18.2, 22.13; 24.63; 24.64, 37.25, 43.29 (without poss. pron.); dvapA,s\|/ag .. siSsv 33.1; dvafiXeyaq .. Kai iScov .. De 4.19; dvdpA,s\|/ov xoig ocpOaXpoig aou Kai l'5s x i . . Zc 5.5, cf. dvap^syaxs sig u\|/og xoug ocpOaApoug [acc.!] upcov K a i i5sxs* xig ..; Is 40.26 (see Renehan, 1.26), sim. To 3.12 Ma 3.15, sim. Je 27.44 (II iaxr|pi Kaxd TipoacoTiov xivog), 27.24 (II Tipog xiva vs. 29), xfj Se^id a o u Ps 16.7; paaiA,euaiv IE 2.18; xfj (pcovfj ^ x o u Oeou^ Ju 16.14; elg exOpav 'as an en­ emy' Mi 2.8; dTio oTiiaOev xou Oeou 'having ceased following God' Is 59.13. Cf. axaaid^co, auva(piaxripi. 3. to withstand sbd else's anger: ev opyfj Oupou auxou Na 1.6 (II uq>iaxr|pi dTio TipoacbTiou opyfjg auxou). 4. to emerge to replace: + dvxi xivog Ba 3.19. Cf. iaxr|pi, KaOiaxripi. dvOopo^oyeopai: fut. - y f | a o p a i ; aor. dvOcopo^oyr|adpr|v. 1. to admit openly: abs., one's fault as o under­ stood, IE 8.88, Si 20.3; + d a t , xq> u\|/iax(p Da L X X 4.34 (+ aiveco and II e^opoA,oyeopai), a o i Ps 78.13; elg oupavov .. eTii xfj .. acoxripia '.. over the rescue' 3M 6.33. 2. to give formal consent to a request: + dat. pers. and inf., Es 7.21 L. Cf. dv0opoA,6yr|aig, 2^opoA,oyeopai. dvOopoMr/Tiaig, ecog. f.J v.n. of dv0opoA,oyeco: Si 17.27 (II aiveco, e^opoX6yr|aig), &v aivq) K a i - e i 2E 3.11. dvOog, oug. n. flower: a. T i a p a T i o p e u o p e v o v 'an evanescent flower' Zp 2.2. b. decorative element in the fabric of

52 an ephod, Kaxapepiypsva ev - £ a i v 'intermingled with flowers' Ex 28.14; a. apupvrjg £K?t£Kxfjg'.. of choice myrrh' 30.23 (for cultic use). Cf. dvOeco, avOivog, SiavOi^co, e^avOeco: Schmidt 2.487-9. dvOpaKid, a g . f.J burning charcoal: Si 11.32, 4M 9.20. Cf. dvOpa^. dvOpdKivog, ov. n.J made of a carbuncle: s K V A I K I O V 'small cup' Es 1.7 o'. Cf. dvOpa^. dvGpa^, ( X K O C m. 1. precious stone of dark-red colour, including the carbuncle, ruby and garnet (LSJ, s.v.): Ge 2.12, Ex 28.18; + pfjpuMog 'beryl' To 13.17 <S ; as a cos­ metic ingredient, Is 54.11; XiQoq ~oq Ez 10.9. 2. coal: 7ii)psiov nXr\peq -dKeov 'censer full of coals' Le 16.12; rcupog 'burning' Is 5.24, used at an altar, 6.6; for baking, 44.19. b. coal-fire: fig. of sth remaining alive and giving hope for the future, 2K 14.7B (L aTCivOfjp 'spark'). Cf. dvOpaKid. dv6pcojrdp£,oi7iaai 'sacrifice humans, for calves have perished' Ho 13.2; oi - o i Kai xd Kxf|vr| K a i oi Po£g K a i xd TipoPaxa Jn 3.7; more valued than KO^OKUvOa 'a gourd' Jn 4.1 Of.; II X£Xpd7ioug 'quadruped' Ex 8.16. d. opp. fishes, 7ioif|a£ig xoug - o u g cbg xoug IxOuag xfjg 0 a ^ d a a r | g Hb 1.14. e. of particular individuals, x o u - o u x o u x o u Jn 1.14. f. pi. 'mankind, humanity': fj pip>,og y£V£(j£Cog -cov Ge 5.1. g. - o i 7i6A,£(og 'townsfolk' Ge 24.43. h. legal body w. ref. to husband: Nu 5.15. 2. man w. special reference to males in generic statements: Kaxa^£i\|/£i a. xov Tiaxepa a u x o u K a i xfjv p r | X £ p a a u x o u K a i 7ipoaKoM,rj0fjcr£xai rcpog xfjv y u v a i K a a&xou Ge 2.24, of) Suvavxai oi - o i £ivai x ^ P ^ ^ v yuvaiKCOV 'menfolk can't do with­ out womenfolk' IE 4.17; 9.40 (II dvfjp vs. 41). 3. With weakened force: like Engl, one and quali­ fied by an adj. or ptc. d. 6 7iV£upaxo(popog Ho 9.7, cbg a. 7iapaPaivcov SiaOfjKTjv 6.7, cbg parci^cov a. £7ii xdg a i a y o v a g a u x o u 11.4, a. £pya£6p£vog xfjv yfjv Zc 13.5, xov - o v xov rcoiouvxa x a u x a Ma 2.12; II d v f | p Is 2.9. b . almost = xig, esp. in a conditional or associated clause: "A. ££, upcov £dv Tipoaaydyrj Le 1.2 (II \|/uxf| 2.1); ov xporcov £av cpuyrj a. £K TipoacoTiou xou Xeovtoq Am 5.19, £av Xd$r\ a. Kp£ag ayiov Hg 2.12, oxav s^syepGfj a. ££, U T I V O U a u x o u Zc 4.1, £dv 7ipo(prjX£uarj a. £Xi 13.3, ov xporcov aip£xi^£i a. xov u i o v a u x o u xov SouXevovxa auxcp 'in the way someone chooses his son to serve him' Ma 3.17 (or a contrast with God in­ tended?). *c. d. d. 'every person' Ez 14.4, 7; 'any­ body' Le 17.3, cf. dvfjp 1 i. d. w. negative = none: O U K f|v d. xcov £7i£GK£pp£vcov .. 'there was none of those who had been counted ..' Nu 26.64; Je 4.29, 41.9, 48.4. *e. in a Hebraic expression of reciprocity, £i7i£V d. xcp Ti^rjaiov a u x o u 'they said to one an­ other' Ge 11.3, d. rcpog - o v K a i a. rcpog xov 7i^r|aiov a u x o u Is 3.5; w. a pi. verb, cbpoaav a. xcp TiXrjaiov a u x o u 'they swore to each other' Ge 26.31; og d7ioKaxaaxf|a£i .. KapSiav - o u Tipog xov Ti^rjaiov afjxou 'who will return the heart of a person to his fellow-man' Ma 4.5 (cf. Cyr. II 624 xfjg dXXr\Xcov dydTtrjg 'the mutual love'); d. xov dSfitapov afjxou K a i a. xov Ti^rjaiov afjxou Is 19.2; a... xfj 68cp a u x o u 'each .. by his own way' 53.6. f. pleonastically with another noun following: £K X£ipog - o u dSetapou 'from a brother' Ge 9.5; d. y£copyog yfjg 'farmer' ib. 9.20; - o i ddeXyoi 13.8; o i - o i o l MaSirjvaToi 37.28; Quydxrip - o u lsp£Cog Le 21.9; -cov KUpicov O K A / T J P C O V Is 19.4, - o v 86xr|v 'giver' Si 3.17; a. following, dvapdxai - o i 'horse­ men' Is 22.6. Cf. dvfjp 3, yuvfj 1 c. Cf. dvfjp, dvOpcoTtivog, ppoxog: Schmidt 2.385-8; Jeremias, TDNT 1.364f. T

53 dvOtxpaip&co: fut.pass. ~p£0f|aopai.J to deduct: s an amount of money, and xfjg auvxipf|a£Cog auxou 'from its total assessment' Le 27.18. Cf. dcpaipfico. dviaxog, ov.J incurable: s hum., De 32.24; unbeatable, s Qupdg dcTTiiScov 'the wrath of vipers (the harmful effect of which is incurable)' 32.33, cf. f|pspa K u p i o u ~ o g .. Oupou K a i opyfjg Is 13.9; rcaxd^ag Oupcp nXr\yf\ ~cp 14.6, £7idxa^sv .. -co K a i dopdxcp nXr\yf\ 'with an incurable and invisible blow' 2M 9.5; auvxpipfj Pr 6.15; to be written off, s IqvXov 'timber' Jb 24.20; subst.n.sg. eig - o v '(are doomed) to hopeless (situa­ tion)' La 4.3; pi. used adverbially, 'incurably' Je 8.18. Cf. Idopai, dvf|K£axof\q fjpdg dvaaxf|aei 'the king of the universe will raise us into an eternal second life, us who died ..' 2M 7.9; s God, Jb 42.17aa . 5. to erect: + a c c , o a structure, aKrjvfjV Ex 26.30, iepov 'temple' 2M 14.33, Opovov 3K 9.5; opp. KaOaipeco Nu 1.51 (II iaxrjpi 10.21); axf|A,rjV as object of (pagan) worship, Le 26.1. Cf. auviaxrjpi 2

I 8,

<jxv\X6(0.

6. to assign to office or task: + acc. and dat. (com.) pers. Tioipevag 'shepherds' Je 23.4, dvaxoA/fjv 8iKaiav 'a righteous scion' 23.5; C T I auxoug T I O I peva Ez 34.23, %o\<jt6v 2K 23.1L; 'to reassign' di­ visions of priests which had lapsed, 2C 23.18; elg So^av 'to an honourable office' PSol 2.31. II. intr. (pres.mid., fut.mid., 2aor.) 1. to stand up, rise: from lying position, Ge 19.33; from sitting posi­ tion, dTio xou veKpou 'from the corpse' 23.3 (pace Wevers ad l o c ) ; dTio xou cppeaxog 46.5, dTio (B: eK) xfjg yfjg 2K 12.20 L (B: eK); from sleep, (xo) Tipcat 'early' Ge 21.14, 22.3, 24.54 +; from a dream, Es A 9 L; of one lying in sick bed, so 'recover,' dvaaxrjaopeOa Kai ^rjaopeOa Ho 6.21, eK xfjg paA,aKiag auxou 'from his ailment' Is 38.9; dTio xaTieivcbaecog ' f r o m a fast' 2E 9.5. Opp. to falling (TIITIXCO): Am 5.2, 8.14, Mi 7.8, Je 8.4, PSol 3.10. b. w. hostile intent, e.g. 'to attack': &ni x i v a - dveaxrj K a i v eTii APeA,.. Kai dTieKxeivev auxov Ge 4.8; Am 7.9; elg TioXepov Je 29.15, elg PofjOeiav Ps 34.2; Kaxd xiva Da 11.7 L X X . *c. w. weakened basic meaning, in urging one to act or signalling an action taken with clear intent - Hebraistic (note esp. e"TieaTiouSa£ov .. A,eyovxeg 'Avaaxdg A,dpe .. Ge 19.15, dvaaxdg KdOiaov '.. sit u p ! ' 27.19, dvdaxrjOi KdOiaov Is s

52.2, and dvdaxrjOi elg xfjv dvdTiauaiv aou Ps 131.8): dvdaxrjxe Kai e£;eA,0axe Ge 19.14, Ex 12.31; dvdaxrjOi Kai Tiopeuou Mi 2.10; w. first verb as p t c , dvaaxdg A,dpe .. Ge 19.15 (II dvdaxrjOi, A,dpe xo TiaiSiov 21.18 addressed to sbd seated), dvaaxdvxeg eTcopeuOrjaav 22.19; dvaaxdg Mcouafjg e p p u a a x o auxdg 'M. got into action and rescued them' Ex 2.17; also in two imperatives joined by Kai, Mi 4.13, Jn 1.2, 3; without Kai, Ge 13.17, 21.18, Mi 6.1, Jn 1.6, 3.2, 3; with a second verb as hortatory subj., dvdaxrjxe K a i e ^ a v a a x o p e v C T I ' auxfjv eig Ti6A,epov Ob 1, cf. eyeipco 6 b , e^aviaxrjpi II b. 2. to make appearance:

dveaxrj PaaiA,eug exepog

C T I ' AiyuTixov 'there appeared a different king in Egypt' Ex 1.8; ev a o i Tipocpf|xr|g De 13.1, dvx' auxou 'to succeed him' I M 3.1; oi uioi upcov, oi dvaaxfjaovxai peO' updg De 29.22; e^aicpvrjg dvaaxf|aovxai SdKVovxeg auxov Hb 2.7; s rei, Sidvoiai eTii xov P a a i l e a 'designs against the king' Da 11.14 L X X . 3. to present

oneself:

for a meeting, debate etc. and

challenging, evavxi Mcouafj Nu 16.2, foil, by auveaxrjaav eTii Mcouafjv Kai Aapcov ..; as rebels 32.14; s cpcovfj eTii a e elg K p i a i v Is 54.17; in court, ev K p i a e i . . ev PouAfj Ps 1.5 (to defend oneself or as judge), pdpxupeg 34.11. 4. to become

alive

again

after

death:

"the

dead

will arise (dvaaxfjaovxai) and those in graves will rise (eyepOfjaovxai)" Is 26.19, cf. Da L X X 12.2 ( T H eyepOfjaovxai), Jb 14.12, 41.17aa ; TipoaSoKav e^TiiSag dvaaxfjaeaOai 'to look to the prospects of resurrection' 2M 7.14 (II d v d a x a a i g ) ; 12.44 (II dvda x a a i g vs. 43); elg ^cofjv alcbviov PSol 12. 1

5. to come

true:

oi A,6yoi xou Kupiou .. eTii

IaparjA, IE 1.22. Cf. dvx~, Siavi~, e^aviaxrjpi, iaxrjpi, dvdaxa­ aig, eyeipco: Shipp 75-80; Oepke, TDNT 1.368-70. dviaxog,

V).J*

without

strength:

Is 40.30. Cf. laxug, laxupog.

dvor^xog, ov. wanting

in understanding:

s animals, Ps 48.13, 21

(II oi) auvirjpi); substm., hum., De 32.31, TiaiSeia - o u Kai pcopou 'education of the unintelligent and stupid' Si 42.8; Pr 15.21 (:: cppovipog), seeks wis­ dom,

17.28. b. indicative

of want

of

understanding:

s, deed, 4M 5.9, 10. Cf. dvoug, dauvexog, pcopog, aocpog, cppovipog. dvoia, ag. f. lack

of understanding,

'folly': Ps 21.3; d. dcppo-

vcov Pr 14.8 (opp. aocpia); typical of youth, 22.15, + veoxrjg 'youth' Ec 11.10; typical of animals, Wi 15.18. Cf. dvorjxog, aocpia. d v o i y o : futact. dvoi^co, pass. dvoixOfjaopai, dvecpX0fjaopai, dvoiyfjaopai; aor.act. fjvecp^a, dvecp^a,

55 fjvoi^a, ptc. dvoi^ag, subj. dvoi^co, impv. dvoi%ov, inf. dvoi^ai, opt.3s d v o i ^ a i ; pass. f|vecpxGrjV, f|voix0r|v, p t c . dvoixOeig, inf. dvoiyfjaai; pf.ptc.pass. dvecpypevog, fjvoiypevog; plpf.pass.3s dvecpKxo.

1. tr. to open: o GupiSa 'window' Ge 8.6; ocpGa^poug 'to reveal' 21.19, 6cp6aA,poi xucpWov Is 35.5 (pass.), i d ma 'the ears' 42.20, 1C 17.25 (II 7.27 dTCOKaXoTCico); x ^ 'lips' Ps 50.17, Jb 11.5; p f | x p a v 'womb (of a barren woman)' Ge 29.31, 30.22; aixoPoXcovag 'granaries' 41.56; papai7i7ioug 'bags' 43.21; a K e u o g 'vessel' Nu 19.15; x o v Grjaaup o v a u x o u xov dyaGov, xov oupavov De 28.12; Grjaaupoug 'store-houses' Am 8.5; a x o p a 'mouth' Ex 4.12 (to give facility of speech), Ez 33.22 (:: auv&xco), 16.63 (so as to speak); s generous giver, %sipaq '(grudgingly clenched) hands' De 15.8, %expa Ps 103.28, 144.16 (s God), ev e ^ e e i PSol 5.12; nvXaq 'gates' or suchlike understood, a o i De 20.11, cf. PL, Prot. 310b; dvoi^ag f| yfj xo a x o p a Kaxa7iiexai a u x o u g Nu 16.30 (in order to devour), sim. De 11.6; XdKKOV 'cistern' Ex 21.33; xoug K a x a p p d K x a g xou oupavou 'the sluices of the s k y ' Ma 3.10; pass., o fj yfj Nu 16.32; 7iuA,ai 'gates' Na 3.13, Gupa Jb 31.32, noXxq Jo 8.17 (left undefended); Is 60.11 (:: K^sioo), oupavoi Ez 1.1, xdcpog 'grave' Ps 5.10. b. to lift siege: Je 13.19 (:: auyK^eiaco 'to lay siege'), c. pass, with intr. force: o l Kaxappdicxai xou oupavou fjvecpxGrjaav ' t h e sluices of the sky opened' Ge 7.11, cf. Si 43.14. GupiSeg eK X O C oupavou Is 24.18, f|VoixGr| f| yfj Ps 105.17, cf. xf|V 7iu^r|v xfjv aiSrjpdv .. fjxig auxopdxrj f|voiyrj auxoig ' t h e iron gate .., which opened to them of itself Acts 12.10, and more examples at Spicq 1.231, n. 1. 2. to make an aperture in a surface and cause to emerge that which is underneath: dvoi^co S7ii xcov opecov 7ioxapoug Kai ev peacp 7ieSicp 7ir|ydg Is 41.18. b. metaph., to bring into the open, disclose: + a c c , 7iiKpiav i|/uxfjg pou 'bitterness of my soul' Jb 7.11 Cf. Siavoiyco, d7iOKaM7ixco, Kappuco, auyKA,eico. dvoiKoSopeco: fut. -fjaco, pass. -rjGf|aopai; aor. dvcpKoSoprjaa, subj. dvoiKoSopfjaco, pass. -prjOco. 1. to rebuild (a destroyed building or city): De 13.16; dvoiKo8opf|aco xd TiercxcoKoxa auxfjg 'I will rebuild its ruins' Am 9.11a (II dviaxrjpi), sim. Da 11.14 L X X ; x d g epfjpoug Ma 1.4; pass, and o t h e temple in Jerusalem, Zc 1.16; a kingdom, Je 18.9 (:: e^aipco, drcoMupi v s . 7), a nation, 24.6. 2. to wall up: + a c c , oSoug Ho 2.6 (II cppdaaco), La 3.9 (II epcppdaaco), 3.5. *3. pass, to prosper, achieve distinction: dvoiKoSopouvxai Tioiouvxeg d v o p a 'those w h o act un­ lawfully prosper' Ma 3.15. Cf. oiKoSopeco and euGrjveco. 8

dvoiKxog, ov.J

ruthless: s vj/uxfj 3M 4.4. Cf. dvai8f|g, drcoxopog. dvopPp£(o: fut. dvopPpf|aa); aor. dvcbpPprjaa.J to pour forth: metaph., + a c c , T i a p o i p i a g 'para­ bles' Si 18.29, p n p a x a aocpiag 39.6, aocpiav 50.27. Cf. £^oppp8co. dvopeco: fut. dvopfjaco; aor. fjvoprjaa, subj. dvopfjaco, inf.pass. dvoprjGfjvai. 1. to act in breach of law (vopog): of idolatry, Ex 32.7, De 4.16, 25; dvopig dvopfiaexe 31.29; Am 4.4 (v.l. daePeco); II dGexeco Is 21.2; eig xiva 'against sbd' Nu 32.15, Je 2.29; xiva Ez 22.11 (of raping a woman and II xaTieivoco); + acc. rei, SiaOfjKrjV Da 11.32 T H . b. on various combinations of synonyms, see under dSiKeco. 2. to declare to be dvopog and treat as such: pass., o hum., 3K 8.32. Cf. dvopia, dvopog, vopog, Tiapavopeco, and daePeco. dvoptjpa, axog. n. 1. act of transgression of the law: Le 20.14, De 15.9; II dKaOapaiai Ez 39.24. 2. punishment for transgression of the law: A/qp\|/exai a. auxou Le 17.16; La 5.7. Cf. dvopia. dvopia, ag. f. 1. act which is in breach of law (vopog): - a v Tioieiv Ho 6.9; dcpaipcov - a g K a i dSiKiag K a i dpapxiag Ex 34.7, Nu 14.18; dcpf|prjKa xdg - a g a o u Zc 3.4; 5.8 (II dSiKia, vs. 6); o p i a - a g 'domain of lawlessness' Ma 1.4; xalg - a i g xfjg 7i6A,ecog Ge 19.15; + d8iKia, dpapxia Le 16.21; II d p a p x i a Is 5.18, II dpdpxrjpa 58.1; - a dvopf|aexe De 31.29; verbally manifested, Is 3.8. 2. consequences of an act as defined under 1., 'pen­ alty': TipoaSe^ovxai xdg auxcov - a g Le 26.43; 2E 9.13. Cf. dSiKia, dpapxia, dvoprjpa, d a e P e i a : Trench 243f. dvopoiog, ov.J dissimilar to: + d a t , Wi 2.15. Cf. opoiog, Siacpepco. dvopog, ov. unlawful, in breach of law (vopog): Grjaaupoug - o u g 'ill-gotten treasures' Mi 6.10 ; s pers., and + Tiovrjpog Is 9.17; eOvog 10.6. b. subst. pers. o i K o g - o u Mi 6.10 ; el SiKaicoOfjaexai iv £uya> a. ..; 6.11; ePaA,eg elg KecpaXdg -cov Odvaxov Hb 3.13; opp. SiKaiog and II 6 pfj SouA,eucov Geo Ma 3.18, II daepfjg Is 55.7, + aSiKog Ez 21.3, 4; subst. n. pi. Tioiouvxeg - a K a i dvxeaxrjaav Geo) Ma 3.15, sim. 4.1.; SiSdoKOVxa - a Is 9.15. Cf. dvopia, dvoprjpa, dvopcog, aSiKog, dGepixog, dGepiaxog, eKGeapog, SiKaiog, vopog, rcapdvopog. 2

1

56 dvopcog. adv.J in a manner contravening laws: 2M 8.17. Cf. dvopog, Tiapavopcog. dvovTjxog, ov.J unprofitable: s K O T T O I 'toils' Wi 3.11 (II dxpr|axog ' u s e l e s s ' ) , gestation (of foetus) 4M 16.7 (II p d x a i o g 'vain,' bxapnoq 'fruitless'), marriage 16.9. Cf. dxprjaxog, dvcocpeA,fjg. dvopOoco: fut. -Ocoaco; aor. dvcopOcoaa, p t c . -Ocbaag, inf. ~0a>aai, pass. dvcopOcbOrjv; pf.ptc.pass. dvcopOcopevog. *1. to establish firmly: + a c c , xfjv oiKOupevrjv sv xfj aocpia a u x o u Je 10.12 (II Tioieco), xfjv yf\v 40.2 (s God), x o v Opovov auxou eig xov aicova 2K 7.13; + acc. pers., S K xarceivcoaecog Si 11.12; pass. 6 oiKog AauiS 1C 17.24. *2. to make stand erect: + a c c , xoug K a x e p p a ypevoug 'those w h o w e r e cast d o w n ' Ps 144.14 (II UTioaxrjpi^co); xpixag ' h a i r ' Si 27.14. b . pass, to stand erect: d v e a x r j p e v K a i dvcopOcoOrjpev Ps 19.9; horizontally, o i p a a x o i a o u dvcopOcbOrjaav ' y o u r breasts w e r e f o r m e d ' Ez 16.7. 3. to set right, ' c o r r e c t ' : fj TiaiSeia a o u dvcopOcoa e v pe Ps 17.36. dvopuacrco.J to dig up that w h i c h h a s b e e n buried: o Orjaaupoug ' t r e a s u r e s ' Jb 3.21, ev 7ieSicp 39.21. C f . opuaaco. d v o a i o g , a, ov.J opposed to piety: s h u m . , 2M 7.34, + daeptjg 4M 12.11, + peprjta>g 3M 2.2; pouAfj ' p l o t ' 5.8, xeAexfj '(pagan) m y s t i c rite' Wi 12.4; subst.n.pl. ~ a ercoiouv Ez 22.9. C f . o a i o g , dvoaicog. dvocFicog. adv.J in impious manner: + auvxeA,eco 'perpetrate' Es E 7 o ' , + K a x e y x e i p e c o ' p l o t ' 3M 1.21. dvoug, ouv. characterised by lack of understanding and intelli­ gence, ' s i l l y ' : fjv Ecppaip cbg T i e p i a x e p d a . '.. a silly d o v e ' Ho 7.11; s h u m . , dcppcov K a i a. Ps 48.11. Cf. dvorjxog, dcppcov, pcopog, auvirjpi, a u v e x o g : Schmidt 3.65If. dvoxf|, fjg. f.J opportunity for a n action: + inf., I M 12.25. Cf. Kaipog. dvxayovi^opai.J to contend as opponent: 4M 17.14. C f . dycovi^opai, dvxaycoviaxfjg, p d x o p a i . dvxaycovicFxfjg, ou. m.J combatant: 7ia0cov 'against passions' 4M 3.5. Cf. dvxaycovi^opai. dvxaipco: aor. dvxfjpa, subj. dvxdpco.J to raise sth with hostile intent: o u K e x i pfj dvxdprj gOvog S T C ' eOvog popcpaiav 'nations will n o longer raise a sword against o n e another' Mi 4.3 (II Xa\i-

Pdvco Is 2.4); xfjv %sxpa a u x o u T O V PaaiA,ea 2K 20.21L (B: ejiaipco). Cf. ai'pco. dvxaKouco: fut.mid. ~ K o u a o p a i . J to listen in turn: o p p . A,eyco Jb 11.2. Cf. dKouco. dvxdM-aypa:: a x o g . n. that which is given or taken as having equal value: to sth (gen.), Jb 28.15|, Scbaco a o i dpyupiov a. (L: aAAaypa) dp7ieA,covog a o u 'I shall pay you silver to the value of your vineyard' 3K 20.2, cpiXou Tiiaxou O U K eaxiv a. 'one cannot put a price o n a loyal friend' Si 6.15 (II axaOpog); "they do not recognise any alternative course" Ps 54.20; of Noah replacing the existing human race and making a new start, Si 44.17. Cf. dAAaypa, dvxaM,daaco. dvxa>-X,dv oxi (L om. oxi) eTioirjaev xo pfjpa xouxo 2K 12.6(A), .. e^ou8evGXjag 12.10(0 (L S V S K 8 V xouxou oxi); Ez 36.34(