Who's Buying at Restaurants And Carry-outs

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THE WHO’S BUYING SERIES BY THE NEW STRATEGIST EDITORS

at Restaurants and Carry-Outs 3rd EDITION

W

New Strategist Publications, Inc. P.O. Box 242, Ithaca, New York 14851 800/848-0842; 607/273-0913 www.newstrategist.com

Copyright 2005. NEW STRATEGIST PUBLICATIONS, INC.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher.

ISBN 1-885070-98-5

Printed in the United States of America

Contents About the Data in Who’s Buying at Restaurants and Carry-Outs .......................................................................................5 1.

Percent Reporting Expenditure and Amount Spent, Average Week 2003 ..................................9

Household Spending Trends: 2000 to 2003 .................................................................................................................10 2.

Household Spending Trends, 2000 to 2003 .................................................................................... 11

Household Spending at Restaurants and Carry-Outs, 2003 .............................................................................................14 3.

Restaurant and Carry-Out Spending, 2000 and 2003 ...................................................................16

Household Spending at Restaurants and Carry-Outs by Demographic Characteristic, 2003 4.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by Age, 2003 ..................................................17

5.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by Age, 2003 ..................................................18

6.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by Age, 2003 ........................................................19

7.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by Age, 2003 .........................................................20

8.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by Income, 2003 ............................................21

9.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by Income, 2003 ............................................22

10.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by Income, 2003 ..................................................23

11.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by Income, 2003 ...................................................24

12.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by High-Income Consumer Units, 2003 ....25

13.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by High-Income Consumer Units, 2003 ....26

14.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by High-Income Consumer Units, 2003 .........27

15.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by High-Income Consumer Units, 2003 ...........28

16.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by Household Type, 2003 ............................29

17.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by Household Type, 2003 ............................30

18.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by Household Type, 2003 ..................................31

19.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by Household Type, 2003 ...................................32

20.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2003 ............33

21.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2003 ............34

22.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2003 .................35

23.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2003 ...................36

24.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by Region, 2003 .............................................37

25.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by Region, 2003 .............................................38

26.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by Region, 2003 ...................................................39

27.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by Region, 2003 ....................................................40

28.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average Spending by Education, 2003 .......................................41

29.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed Spending by Education, 2003 .......................................42

30.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total Spending by Education, 2003 .............................................43

31.

Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market Shares by Education, 2003 ..............................................44

WHO’S BUYING AT RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS 3

Household Spending at Restaurants and Carry-Outs by Product Category, 2003 .................................................................14 32.

Breakfast at Fast-Food Restaurants .................................................................................................46

33.

Breakfast at Full-Service Restaurants .............................................................................................48

34.

Dinner at Fast-Food Restaurants .....................................................................................................50

35.

Dinner at Full-Service Restaurants .................................................................................................52

36.

Lunch at Employer and School Cafeterias ....................................................................................54

37.

Lunch at Fast-Food Restaurants .....................................................................................................56

38.

Lunch at Full-Service Restaurants .................................................................................................58

39.

Snacks at Employer and School Cafeterias ...................................................................................60

40.

Snacks at Fast-Food Restaurants ....................................................................................................62

41.

Snacks at Full-Service Restaurants .................................................................................................64

42.

Snacks at Vending Machines and Mobile Vendors ......................................................................66

Appendix: Spending by Product and Service, 2003 Ranking ............................................................................................68 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................75

4 WHO’S BUYING AT RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS

ABOUT THE DATA IN Who’s Buying at Restaurants and Carry-outs Introduction The spending data in Who’s Buying at Restaurants and Carry-outs are based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Expenditure Survey, an ongoing, nationwide survey of household spending. The Consumer Expenditure Survey is a complete accounting of household expenditures, including everything from big-ticket items, such as homes and cars, to small purchases like laundry detergent and videos. The survey does not include expenditures by government, business, or institutions. The lag time between data collection and dissemination is about two years. The data in this report are from the 2003 Consumer Expenditure Survey, unless otherwise noted. To produce this report, New Strategist Publications analyzed the Consumer Expenditure Survey’s average household spending data in a variety of ways, calculating household spending indexes, aggregate (or total) household spending, and market shares. Spending data by age, household income, household type, race, Hispanic origin, region, and education are shown in this report. These analyses are presented in two formats—for all product categories by demographic characteristic and for all demographic characteristics by product category.

Definition of consumer unit The Consumer Expenditure Survey uses the consumer unit rather than the household as the sampling unit. The term “household” is used interchangeably with the term “consumer unit” in this report for convenience, although they are not exactly the same. Some households contain more than one consumer unit. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines onsumer unit as either (1) members of a household who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangements; (2) a person living alone or sharing a household with others or living as a roomer in a private home or lodging house or in permanent living quarters in a hotel or motel, but who is financially independent; or (3) two persons or more living together who pool their income to make joint expenditure decisions. The bureau defines financial independence in terms of “the three major expenses categories: housing, food, and other living expenses. To be considered financially independent, at least two of the three major expense categories have to be provided by the respondent.” The Census Bureau uses household as its sampling unit in the decennial census and in the monthly Current Population Survey. The Census Bureau’s household “consists of all persons who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other groups of rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters; that is, when the occupants do not live and eat with any other persons in the structure and there is direct access from the outside or through a common hall.” The definition goes on to specify that “a household includes the related family members and all the unrelated persons, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit or a group of unrelated persons sharing a housing unit as partners is also counted as a household. The count of households excludes group quarters.” Because there can be more than one consumer unit in a household, consumer units outnumber households by several million. Young adults under age 25 head most of the additional consumer units.


How to use the tables in this report The starting point for all calculations are the unpublished, detailed average household spending data collected by the Consumer Expenditure Survey. These numbers are shown on the report’s average spending tables and on each of the product-specific tables. New Strategist’s editors calculated the other figures in the report based on the average figures. The indexed spending tables and the indexed spending column (Best Customers) on the product-specific tables reveal whether spending by households in a given segment is above or below the average for all households and by how much. The total (or aggregate) spending tables show the overall size of the market. The market share tables and market share column (Biggest Customers) on the product-specific tables reveal how much spending each household segment controls. These analyses are described in detail below. • Average Spending. The average spending figures show the average annual spending of households at restaurants and carry-outs in 2003. The Consumer Expenditure Survey produces average spending data for all households in a segment, e.g., all households with a householder aged 25 to 34, not just those purchasing an item. When examining spending data, it is important to remember that by including both purchasers and nonpurchasers in the calculation, the average is less than the amount spent on the item by buyers. (See table 1 for the percentage of households that spent on restaurant meals during an average week in 2003 and how much the purchasers spent.) Because average spending figures include both buyers and nonbuyers, they reveal spending patterns by demographic characteristic. By knowing who is most likely to spend on an item, marketers can target their advertising and promotions more efficiently, and businesses can determine the market potential of a product or service in a city or neighborhood. By multiplying the average amount households spend on full-service dinners by the number of households in an area, for example, a restaurant owner can estimate the potential size of the local sit-down dining market. • Indexed Spending (Best Customers). The indexed spending figures compare the spending of each household segment with that of the average household. To compute the indexes, New Strategist divides the average amount each household segment spends on an item by average household spending, and multiplies the resulting figure by 100. An index of 100 is the average for all households. An index of 125 means the spending of a household segment is 25 percent above average (100 plus 25). An index of 75 indicates spending that is 25 percent below the average for all households (100 minus 25). Indexed spending figures identify the best customers for a product or service. Households with an index of 178 for fastfood lunches, for example, are a strong market for this product. Those with an index below 100 are either a weak or an underserved market. Spending indexes can reveal hidden markets—household segments with a high propensity to buy a particular product or service but which are overshadowed by household segments that account for a larger share of the market. Householders aged 65 to 74, for example, account for 12 percent of the market for full-service breakfasts versus a larger 15 percent share accounted for by householders aged 25 to 34. But a look at the indexed spending figures reveals that, in fact, the older householders are the better customers. Householders aged 65 to 74 spend 18 percent more than the average household on full-service breakfasts, while householders aged 25 to 34 spend 11 percent less than the average household on this item. The owners of restaurants can use this information to target their best customers.


Note that because of sampling errors, small differences in index values may not be significant. But the broader patterns revealed by indexes can guide marketers to the best customers. • Total (Aggregate) Spending. To produce the total (aggregate) spending figures, New Strategist multiplies average spending by the number of households in a segment. The result is the dollar size of the total household market and of each market segment. All totals are shown in thousands of dollars. To convert the numbers in the total spending tables to dollars, you must append “000” to the number. For example, households headed by people aged 45 to 54 spent more than $14 billion ($14,417,090,000) on full-service dinners in 2003. When comparing the total spending figures in this report with total spending estimates from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, other government agencies, or trade associations, keep in mind that the Consumer Expenditure Survey includes only household spending, not spending by businesses or institutions. Sales data also will differ from household spending totals because sales figures for consumer products include the value of goods sold to industries, government, and foreign markets, which can be a significant proportion of sales. • Market Shares (Biggest Customers). New Strategist produces market share figures by converting total (aggregate) spending data into percentages. To calculate the percentage of total spending on an item that is controlled by a demographic segment—i.e., its market share—the segment’s total spending on the item is divided by aggregate household spending on the item. Market shares reveal the biggest customers—the demographic segments that account for the largest share of spending on a particular product or service. In 2003, for example, married couples with children at home accounted for 39 percent of spending on fast-food dinners, a much greater proportion than their 25 percent share of consumer units. By targeting only these consumers, fastfood restaurants can reach a large proportion of their customers. There’s a danger here, however. By single-mindedly targeting the biggest customers, businesses cannot nurture potential growth markets. With competition for customers more heated than ever, targeting potential markets is increasingly important to business survival. • Product-Specific Tables. The product-specific tables reveal at a glance the demographic characteristics of spending by individual product category. These tables show average spending, indexed spending (Best Customers), and market shares (Biggest Customers) by age, income, household type, race and Hispanic origin, region, and education. If you want to see the spending pattern for an individual product at a glance, these are the tables for you.

History and methodology of the Consumer Expenditure Survey The Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) is an ongoing study of the day-to-day spending of American households. In taking the survey, government interviewers collect spending data on products and services as well as the amount and sources of household income, changes in savings and debt, and demographic and economic characteristics of household members. The Bureau of the Census collects data for the CEX under contract with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which is responsible for analysis and release of the survey data. Since the late 19th century, the federal government has conducted expenditure surveys about every ten years. Although the results have been used for a variety of purposes, their primary application is to track consumer prices. In 1980, the CEX became a continuous survey with annual release of data (with a lag time of about two years between data collection and release). The survey is used to update prices for the market basket of products and services used in calculating the Consumer Price Index. WHO’S BUYING AT RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS 7

The CEX consists of two separate surveys: an interview survey and a diary survey. In the interview portion of the survey, respondents are asked each quarter for five consecutive quarters to report their expenditures for the previous three months. The purchase of big-ticket items such as houses, cars, and major appliances, and recurring expenses such as insurance premiums, utility payments, and rent are recorded by the interview survey. The interview component covers about 95 percent of all expenditures. Expenditures on small, frequently purchased items are recorded during a two-week period by the diary survey. These detailed records include expenses for food and beverages purchased in grocery stores and at restaurants, as well as other items such as tobacco, housekeeping supplies, nonprescription drugs, and personal care products and services. The diary survey is intended to capture expenditures respondents are likely to forget or recall incorrectly over longer periods of time. Two separate, nationally representative samples are used for the interview and diary surveys. For the interview survey, about 7,500 consumer units are interviewed on a rotating panel basis each quarter for five consecutive quarters. Another 7,500 consumer units keep weekly diaries of spending for two consecutive weeks. Data collection is carried out in 105 areas of the country. The data are reviewed, audited, and cleaned by the BLS, and then weighted to reflect the number and characteristics of all U.S. consumer units. Like any sample survey, the CEX is subject to two major types of error. Nonsampling error occurs when respondents misinterpret questions or interviewers are inconsistent in the way they ask questions or record answers. Respondents may forget items, recall expenses incorrectly, or deliberately give wrong answers. A respondent may remember how much he or she spent at the grocery store but forget the items picked up at a local convenience store. Nonsampling error can also be caused by mistakes during the various stages of data processing and refinement. Sampling error occurs when a sample does not accurately represent the population it is supposed to represent. This kind of error is present in every sample-based survey and is minimized by using a proper sampling procedure. Standard error tables documenting the extent of sampling error in the CEX are available from the BLS at http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxstnderror.htm. Although the CEX is the best source of information about the spending behavior of American households, it should be treated with caution because of the above problems.

For more information To find out more about the Consumer Expenditure Survey, contact the CEX specialists at the Bureau of Labor Statistics at (202) 691-6900, or visit the CEXhome page at http://www.bls.gov/ cex/. The web site includes news releases, technical documentation, and current and historical summary-level CEX data. The detailed average spending data shown in this report are available from the BLS only by special request. For a comprehensive look at detailed household spending data for all products and services, see the tenth edition of Household Spending: Who Spends How Much on What available from New Strategist Publications in hardcopy or online at http://www.newstrategist.com or by calling 1800-848-0842. To download spending reports for individual product and service categories, visit the instant-answer service at http://www.nspend.com.


Table 1. Percent Reporting Expenditure and

Amount Spent, Average Week 2003 (percent of consumer units reporting expenditure and amount spent by purchasers during an average week, 2003) average week percent reporting expenditure

amount spent by purchasers

RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS Lunch At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias

71.1% 54.3

$49.57 23.30

43.1 18.7 1.1 11.3

16.49 21.66 9.73 12.43

Dinner At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias

39.6

35.80

23.1 23.6 0.1 0.5

17.98 42.18 37.50 9.62

Snacks and nonalcoholic beverages At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias

52.0

9.19

44.1 9.8 17.9 5.8

7.88 5.22 3.34 3.45

Breakfast and brunch At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias

28.3

12.74

20.2 10.2 0.7 2.2

8.85 16.93 4.29 3.60

Source: Calculations by New Strategist based on the 2003 Consumer Expenditure Survey


Household Spending Trends: 2000 to 2003 Between 2000 and 2003, spending by the average household barely changed, inching up by just 0.4 percent (or $178) to $40,817, after adjusting for inflation. At the same time, average household income grew a larger 7.2 percent. These figures reveal the caution of consumers during the sluggish economic recovery. The media may claim Americans spend beyond their means, but in fact the steady rise in consumer spending at the national level is primarily the result of demographic change—population growth and the aging of the baby-boom generation into the peak-earning and spending years. The anemic growth in average household spending between 2000 and 2003 should come as no surprise. American households have been cutting their spending on discretionary items for years as nondiscretionary expenses claim an ever-growing share of the household budget. Declines in discretionary spending are evident in the 2000 to 2003 trends. Spending on food away from home (primarily restaurant and take-out meals) fell 3 percent during those years, after adjusting for inflation. Spending on alcoholic beverages shrank 2 percent. Spending on apparel fell an enormous 17 percent, and the average amount devoted to reading material dropped by an even larger 19 percent. Spending on “other lodging,” a category that includes hotel and motel expenses, fell 13 percent. Although entertainment spending rose 3.5 percent overall between 2000 and 2003, spending on fees and admissions to entertainment events fell 10 percent. Americans cut back on many discretionary purchases because their nondiscretionary expenses—the spending they cannot control—was on the rise. After adjusting for inflation, the average household spent 10 percent more on property taxes in 2003 than in 2000. Mortgage interest expenses rose 5 percent despite falling interest rates because of the surge in homeownership. Out-of-pocket spending on health insurance increased 19 percent. Spending on vehicle insurance grew 9 percent. Spending on water and other public services increased 3 percent. Spending on education rose 16 percent. Contrary to popular perception, Americans are cautious spenders at the individual household level. The recession of 2001 followed by the slow recovery forced households to spend less on discretionary items to make ends meet. Rising energy costs—not yet reflected in these numbers—are likely to reduce discretionary spending even further. With the aging baby-boom generation entering its sixties and exiting the peak-spending years, average household spending is likely to remain modest. The U.S. economy will have to adapt. Fortunately, the tools are in hand—there’s no better way to prepare for the future than to understand household spending patterns.


Table 2. Household Spending Trends, 2000 to 2003

(average annual spending of consumer units by product and service category, 2000 and 2003; percent change 2000–03; in 2003 dollars) 2003

2000

percent change 2000–03

Number of consumer units (in 000s)

115,356

109,367

5.5%

Average before-tax income

$51,128

$47,693

7.2

40,817

40,639

0.4

FOOD

5,340

5,510

–3.1

Food at home

3,129

3,227

–3.0

442

484

–8.7

Cereals and cereal products

150

167

–10.0

Bakery products

292

317

–8.0

825

849

–2.9

Beef

246

254

–3.2

Pork

171

178

–4.1

Other meats

102

108

–5.5

Poultry

145

155

–6.4

Fish and seafood

124

118

5.5

37

36

1.9

328

347

–5.5

Fresh milk and cream

127

140

–9.2

Other dairy products

201

206

–2.5

535

557

–3.9

Fresh fruits

171

174

–1.8

Fresh vegetables

172

170

1.3

Processed fruits

108

123

–12.1 –6.4

Average annual spending

Cereals and bakery products

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

Eggs Dairy products

Fruits and vegetables

Processed vegetables Other food at home Sugar and other sweets Fats and oils

84

90

999

990

0.9

119

125

–4.8

86

89

–3.0

Miscellaneous foods

490

467

5.0

Nonalcoholic beverages

268

267

0.4

36

43

–15.7

2,211

2,283

–3.1

Food prepared by household on trips Food away from home ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

391

397

–1.6

13,432

13,159

2.1

Shelter

7,887

7,599

3.8

Owned dwellings

5,263

4,916

7.1

Mortgage interest and charges

2,954

2,819

4.8

Property taxes

1,344

1,217

10.5

HOUSING

Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other expenses Rented dwellings Other lodging Utilities, fuels, and public services Natural gas Electricity

965

881

9.5

2,179

2,173

0.3 –12.8

445

511

2,811

2,659

5.7

392

328

19.5

1,028

973

5.6

Fuel oil and other fuels

110

104

6.2

Telephone services

956

937

2.1

Water and other public services

326

316

3.1

Household services

707

731

–3.2


Housekeeping supplies

2003

2000


$529

$515

Laundry and cleaning supplies

132

140

Other household products

263

241

8.9

Postage and stationery

133

135

–1.2

Household furnishings and equipment

2.7% –5.7

1,497

1,655

–9.5

Household textiles

113

113

–0.2

Furniture

401

418

–4.0

52

47

10.6

196

202

–2.9

88

93

–5.3

648

781

–17.0

Floor coverings Major appliances Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares Miscellaneous household equipment APPAREL AND SERVICES

1,640

1,983

–17.3

Men and boys

372

470

–20.9

Men, aged 16 or older

282

368

–23.3

Boys, aged 2 to 15

89

103

–13.2

Women and girls

634

774

–18.1

Women, aged 16 or older

529

648

–18.4

Girls, aged 2 to 15

106

126

–15.9

81

88

–7.5

Footwear

294

366

–19.8

Other apparel products and services

258

284

–9.2

TRANSPORTATION

7,781

7,923

–1.8

Vehicle purchases

3,732

3,651

2.2

Cars and trucks, new

2,052

1,714

19.7

Children under age 2

Cars and trucks, used

1,611

1,891

–14.8

Gasoline and motor oil

1,333

1,379

–3.3

Other vehicle expenses

2,331

2,437

–4.3

Vehicle finance charges

371

350

5.9

Maintenance and repairs

619

667

–7.1

Vehicle insurance

905

831

8.9

Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other charges

436

589

–25.9

Public transportation

385

456

–15.6

HEALTH CARE

2,416

2,207

9.5

Health insurance

1,252

1,050

19.2

Medical services

591

607

–2.6

Drugs

467

444

5.1

Medical supplies

107

106

1.2

2,060

1,990

3.5

Fees and admissions

494

550

–10.2

Television, radio, sound equipment

730

664

9.9

Pets, toys, and playground equipment

378

357

6.0

Other entertainment supplies, services

457

420

8.9

PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

527

603

–12.5

READING

127

156

–18.6

EDUCATION

783

675

16.0

TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND SMOKING SUPPLIES

290

341

–14.9

ENTERTAINMENT

MISCELLANEOUS

606

829

–26.9

CASH CONTRIBUTIONS

1,370

1,273

7.6

PERSONAL INSURANCE AND PENSIONS

4,055

3,594

12.8

397

426

–6.9

Pensions and Social Security

3,658

3,168

15.5

PERSONAL TAXES

2,532

3,330

–24.0

Federal income taxes

1,843

2,573

–28.4

State and local income taxes

502

600

–16.4

Other taxes

187

156

19.9

Life and other personal insurance


GIFTS FOR NONHOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

2003

2000


$1,007

$1,157

Food

78

75

Alcoholic beverages

16

15

7.0

220

311

–29.2

Housekeeping supplies

42

42

0.8

Household textiles

13

14

–6.4

Appliances and misc. housewares

25

30

–16.4

7

9

–18.1

18

22

–19.8

Miscellaneous household equipment

57

75

–23.8

Other housing

85

150

–43.2

Apparel and services

225

261

–13.7

Males, aged 2 or older

56

73

–22.9

Females, aged 2 or older

80

91

–11.9

Children under age 2

39

44

–11.0

Other apparel products and services

50

55

–8.2

Jewelry and watches

26

21

21.7

All other apparel products and services

25

32

–22.0

Transportation

60

75

–19.8

Health care

48

41

18.3

Entertainment

69

100

–31.3

Toys, games, hobbies, and tricycles

26

32

–18.9

Other entertainment

43

68

–37.1

Personal care products and services

16

20

–21.2

1

2

–53.2

200

161

24.0

74

95

–22.2

Housing

Major appliances Small appliances and misc. housewares

Reading Education All other gifts

–13.0% 4.3

Note: The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses consumer unit rather than household as the sampling unit in the Consumer Expenditure Survey. For the definition of consumer unit, see the glossary. Spending by category will not add to total spending because gift spending is also included in the preceding product and service categories and personal taxes are not included in the total. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000 and 2003 Consumer Expenditure Surveys, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/cex/home.htm; calculations by New Strategist


Household Spending at Restaurants and Carry-Outs, 2003 Between 2000 and 2003, average household spending at restaurants and carry-outs fell 2 percent, after adjusting for inflation. Behind the decline was a 1 percent drop in spending on dinners and a larger 7 percent drop in spending on lunches. In contrast, spending on snacks increased 2 percent and spending on breakfasts was up 9 percent. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that during an average week of 2003, fully 71 of households purchased food from restaurants and carry-outs, spending an average of $49.57. The average household spent $1,832 at restaurants and carry-outs in 2003. This figure was 59 percent as much the average household spent on groceries ($3,129). Among some demographic segments, the proportion of the food dollar devoted to restaurants is even higher. Householders under age 25 spend 80 percent as much eating out as on groceries. Among households with incomes of $100,000 or more, the figure is 85 percent. People who live alone spend 74 percent as much eating out as on groceries. Households devote slightly more of their restaurant dollars to dinners (40 percent) than to lunches (36 percent). Snacks account for another 14 percent and breakfasts for 10 percent. The average household devotes almost equal shares of the eating-out dollar to full-service and to fast-food restaurants. Of the $1,832 spent on eating out by the average household in 2003, fast-food restaurants captured a 47 percent share, while full-service restaurants took 46 percent. The remainder was spent at employer and school cafeterias, vending machines, and mobile vendors. Older Americans, particularly empty-nesters, are far more likely to choose full-service over fast-food restaurants. Among householders under age 25, fast-food meals claim 57 percent of the restaurant budget, while full-service gets just 35 percent. The fast-food share declines with age and drops below the full-service share in the 55-to-64 age group (39 percent fast-food versus 56 percent full-service). The demands of children explain changing restaurant preferences with age. Among household types, single parents and married couples with children under age 18 are least likely to devote their dining-out dollars to full-service restaurants. In contrast, the household type most likely to spend its dining-out dollars in full-service restaurants is married couples without children at home (most of them empty-nesters). Couples without children at home devote fully 60 percent of their restaurant dollars to full-service establishments and only 37 percent to fast food.

Spending by age Not surprisingly, the middle-aged, who have the highest incomes and the largest households, spend the most at restaurants and carry-outs. Overall, householders aged 35 to 54 spend 19 to 22 percent more than the average household at restaurants and carry-outs. But householders aged 25 to 44 spend the most on fast-food breakfasts, lunches, and dinners, while householders aged 45 to 54 spend the most on full-service lunches and dinners. Householders aged 65 to 74 are the biggest spenders on full-service breakfasts.

Spending by household income The most affluent households spend much more than average at restaurants and carry-outs. In 2003, households with incomes of $100,000 or more spent more than twice the average at res-


taurants and carry-outs. The $100,000-or-more income group accounts for 24 percent of household spending on eating out—double their 12 percent share of households. These affluent households control one-third of spending on full-service restaurant dinners.

Spending byhHousehold type Married couples with school-aged children spend more on eating out than any other household type—44 percent more than average in 2003. Married couples without children at home (most of them empty-nesters) spend 40 percent more than average on full-service lunches, 46 percent more on full-service dinners, and 46 percent more on full-service breakfasts. Single parents are aboveaverage spenders on lunch from employer and school cafeterias.

Spending by race and Hispanic origin Asian households spend 28 percent more than the average household on restaurant meals—more than any other racial or ethnic group. Hispanic households spend an average amount, while black households spend 35 percent less than average eating out. Asians are the biggest spenders on both fast-food and full-service lunches. They are also the biggest spenders on full-service dinners. Hispanics spend the most on fast-food dinners and fast-food breakfasts, with indexes of 117 and 125, respectively. Blacks spend more than the average household at employer and school cafeterias.

Spending by region Average annual household spending on restaurant and carry-out food is highest in the West ($2,001) and lowest in the South ($1,671). Households in the Northeast are the biggest spenders on full-service dinners (29 percent above average) but only average spenders on full-service lunches. Households in the West are the biggest spenders on full-service breakfasts.

Spending by education Spending on eating out rises with education, in part because educated householders have higher incomes. College graduates spend 36 percent more than the average household at restaurants and carry-outs, with spending 56 to 65 percent above average on full-service lunches and dinners. College graduates control more than 40 percent of spending on full-service lunches and dinners.


Table 3. Restaurant and Carry-Out Spending, 2000 and 2003 (average annual and percent distribution of household spending at restaurants and carry-outs, 2000 and 2003; percent change in spending, 2000–03; in 2003 dollars) 2003 average household spending AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SPENDING AT RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS

Dinner At full-service restaurants At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school)

$1,831.97 737.51 517.42 215.93 369.02

2000 percent distribution 100.0% 40.3 28.2 11.8 20.1

average household spending (in 2003$) $1,870.26 745.82 521.12 221.10 393.21

percent distribution 100.0% 39.9 27.9 11.8 21.0

percent change 2000–03 –2.0% –1.1 –0.7 –2.3 –6.2

Lunch At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At employer and school cafeterias

658.16

35.9

708.32

37.9

–7.1

369.02 210.10 73.48

20.1 11.5 4.0

393.21 222.38 85.76

21.0 11.9 4.6

–6.2 –5.5 –14.3

Snacks and nonalcoholic beverages At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At vending machines, mobile vendors At full-service restaurants At employer and school cafeterias

248.42 180.26 369.02 31.33 26.66 10.16

13.6 9.8 20.1 1.7 1.5 0.6

243.31 169.41 393.21 41.16 21.53 11.21

13.0 9.1 21.0 2.2 1.2 0.6

2.1 6.4 –6.2 –23.9 23.8 –9.4

Breakfast and brunch At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants

187.89 92.82 369.02 89.42

10.3 5.1 20.1 4.9

172.81 82.40 393.21 85.10

9.2 4.4 21.0 4.5

8.7 12.6 –6.2 5.1

Note: Numbers may not add to totals by category because not all subcategories are shown. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000 and 2003 Consumer Expenditure Surveys; calculations by New Strategist


Table 4. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average spending by age, 2003 (average annual spending of consumer units (CU) on restaurant and carry-out food, by age of consumer unit reference person, 2003) total consumer units 115,356 2.5 $51,128.00 40,817.33

under 25 8,584 1.8 $20,680.00 22,395.53

25 to 34 19,737 2.9 $50,389.00 40,525.22

35 to 44 24,413 3.2 $61,091.00 47,175.06

45 to 54 23,131 2.6 $68,028.00 50,100.86

55 to 64 16,580 2.1 $58,672.00 44,190.65

65 to 74 11,495 1.9 $35,314.00 33,629.17

75+ 11,417 1.5 $25,492.00 25,016.38


1,831.97 658.16

1,406.19 505.21

2,037.30 763.29

2,234.62 859.39

2,176.38 780.16

1,706.30 550.75

1,379.39 444.14

829.69 265.57

369.02 210.10 5.56 73.48

347.37 117.93 2.13 37.77

480.77 203.65 7.50 71.36

469.27 229.30 6.31 154.51

431.68 254.33 6.80 87.35

277.14 226.03 5.46 42.12

226.75 198.55 3.46 15.38

109.86 147.94 2.82 4.95


737.51

498.38

784.50

847.75

877.28

790.27

611.42

355.18

215.93 517.42 1.32 2.83

175.48 307.00 3.69 12.21

264.57 516.44 – 3.48

291.05 554.11 1.37 1.23

248.48 623.28 1.76 3.76

179.50 609.65 – 1.12

120.37 488.56 1.56 0.93

77.85 274.93 2.40 –


248.42

264.43

290.46

307.91

302.26

200.50

157.13

76.73

180.26 26.66 31.33 10.16

189.26 22.04 41.21 11.92

214.00 27.61 40.22 8.63

222.59 26.57 41.71 17.04

218.71 32.71 38.77 12.07

145.65 24.26 21.64 8.95

116.33 25.38 11.66 3.75

52.41 20.74 2.84 0.75


187.89

138.18

199.06

219.57

216.69

164.78

166.71

132.21

92.82 89.42 1.37 4.27

88.14 45.21 1.09 3.74

113.99 79.89 1.56 3.63

116.48 93.74 1.83 7.52

109.90 101.22 1.07 4.51

65.54 91.95 2.23 5.07

59.63 105.44 0.51 1.12

43.88 87.45 0.52 0.34

Number of consumer units (000s) Number of persons per CU Average before-tax income of CU Average spending of CU, total

Note: (–) means sample is too small to make a reliable estimate. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, unpublished tables from the 2003 Consumer Expenditure Survey


Table 5. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed spending by age, 2003 (indexed average annual spending of consumer units (CU) on restaurant and carry-out food, by age of consumer unit reference person, 2003; index definition: an index of 100 is the average for all consumer units; an index of 132 means that spending by consumer units in that group is 32 percent above the average for all consumer units; an index of 68 indicates spending that is 32 percent below the average for all consumer units) total consumer units $40,817 100

under 25 $22,396 55

25 to 34 $40,525 99

35 to 44 $47,125 116

45 to 54 $50,101 123

55 to 64 $44,191 108

65 to 74 $33,629 82

75+ $25,016 61


100 100

77 77

111 116

122 131

119 119

93 84

75 67

45 40

100 100 100 100

94 56 38 51

130 97 135 97

127 109 113 210

117 121 122 119

75 108 98 57

61 95 62 21

30 70 51 7


100

68

106

115

119

107

83

48

100 100 100 100

81 59 280 431

123 100 – 123

135 107 104 43

115 120 133 133

83 118 – 40

56 94 118 33

36 53 182 –


100

106

117

124

122

81

63

31

100 100 100 100

105 83 132 117

119 104 128 85

123 100 133 168

121 123 124 119

81 91 69 88

65 95 37 37

29 78 9 7


100

74

106

117

115

88

89

70

100 100 100 100

95 51 80 88

123 89 114 85

125 105 134 176

118 113 78 106

71 103 163 119

64 118 37 26

47 98 38 8

Average spending of CU, total Average spending of CU, index

Note: (–) means sample is too small to make a reliable estimate. Source: Calculations by New Strategist based on the 2003 Consumer Expenditure Survey


Table 6. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total spending by age, 2003 (total annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food, by consumer unit (CU) age group, 2003; consumer units and dollars in thousands)

Number of consumer units Total spending of all CUs

total consumer units 115,356 $4,708,523,919

RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS 211,328,731 Lunch 75,922,705 At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) 42,568,671 At full-service restaurants 24,236,296 At vending machines, mobile vendors 641,379 At employer and school cafeterias 8,476,359

under 25 8,584 $192,243,230

25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 19,737 24,413 23,131 $799,846,267 $1,151,684,740 $1,158,882,993

55 to 64 16,580 $732,680,977

65 to 74 11,495 $386,567,309

75+ 11,417 $285,612,010

12,070,735 4,336,723

40,210,190 15,065,055

54,553,778 20,980,288

50,341,846 18,045,881

28,290,454 9,131,435

15,856,088 5,105,389

9,472,571 3,032,013

2,981,824 1,012,311 18,284 324,218

9,488,957 4,019,440 148,028 1,408,432

11,456,289 5,597,901 154,046 3,772,053

9,985,190 5,882,907 157,291 2,020,493

4,594,981 3,747,577 90,527 698,350

2,606,491 2,282,332 39,773 176,793

1,254,272 1,689,031 32,196 56,514


85,076,204

4,278,094

15,483,677

20,696,121

20,292,364

13,102,677

7,028,273

4,055,090

24,908,821 59,687,502 152,270 326,457

1,506,320 2,635,288 31,675 104,811

5,221,818 10,192,976 – 68,685

7,105,404 13,527,487 33,446 30,028

5,747,591 14,417,090 40,711 86,973

2,976,110 10,107,997 – 18,570

1,383,653 5,615,997 17,932 10,690

888,813 3,138,876 27,401 –


28,656,738

2,269,867

5,732,809

7,517,007

6,991,576

3,324,290

1,806,209

876,026

20,794,073 3,075,391 3,614,103 1,172,017

1,624,608 189,191 353,747 102,321

4,223,718 544,939 793,822 170,330

5,434,090 648,653 1,018,266 415,998

5,058,981 756,615 896,789 279,191

2,414,877 402,231 358,791 148,391

1,337,213 291,743 134,032 43,106

598,365 236,789 32,424 8,563


21,674,239

1,186,137

3,928,847

5,360,362

5,012,256

2,732,052

1,916,331

1,509,442

10,707,344 10,315,134 158,038 492,570

756,594 388,083 9,357 32,104

2,249,821 1,576,789 30,790 71,645

2,843,626 2,288,475 44,676 183,586

2,542,097 2,341,320 24,750 104,321

1,086,653 1,524,531 36,973 84,061

685,447 1,212,033 5,862 12,874

500,978 998,417 5,937 3,882

Note: Numbers may not add to total because of rounding. (–) means sample is too small to make a reliable estimate. Source: Calculations by New Strategist based on the 2003 Consumer Expenditure Survey


Table 7. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market shares by age, 2003 (percentage of total annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food accounted for by consumer unit age groups, 2003)

Share of total consumer units Share of total before-tax income Share of total spending

total consumer units 100.0% 100.0 100.0

under 25 7.4% 3.0 4.1

25 to 34 17.1% 16.9 17.0

35 to 44 21.2% 25.3 24.5

45 to 54 20.1% 26.7 24.6

55 to 64 14.4% 16.5 15.6

65 to 74 10.0% 6.9 8.2

75+ 9.9% 4.9 6.1


100.0 100.0

5.7 5.7

19.0 19.8

25.8 27.6

23.8 23.8

13.4 12.0

7.5 6.7

4.5 4.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

7.0 4.2 2.9 3.8

22.3 16.6 23.1 16.6

26.9 23.1 24.0 44.5

23.5 24.3 24.5 23.8

10.8 15.5 14.1 8.2

6.1 9.4 6.2 2.1

2.9 7.0 5.0 0.7


100.0

5.0

18.2

24.3

23.9

15.4

8.3

4.8

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

6.0 4.4 20.8 32.1

21.0 17.1 – 21.0

28.5 22.7 22.0 9.2

23.1 24.2 26.7 26.6

11.9 16.9 – 5.7

5.6 9.4 11.8 3.3

3.6 5.3 18.0 –


100.0

7.9

20.0

26.2

24.4

11.6

6.3

3.1

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

7.8 6.2 9.8 8.7

20.3 17.7 22.0 14.5

26.1 21.1 28.2 35.5

24.3 24.6 24.8 23.8

11.6 13.1 9.9 12.7

6.4 9.5 3.7 3.7

2.9 7.7 0.9 0.7


100.0

5.5

18.1

24.7

23.1

12.6

8.8

7.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

7.1 3.8 5.9 6.5

21.0 15.3 19.5 14.5

26.6 22.2 28.3 37.3

23.7 22.7 15.7 21.2

10.1 14.8 23.4 17.1

6.4 11.8 3.7 2.6

4.7 9.7 3.8 0.8



Table 8. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average spending by income, 2003 (average annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food, by before-tax income of consumer units (CU), 2003; complete income reporters only) total complete reporters

under $20,000

$20,000– $39,999

$40,000– $49,999

$50,000– $69,999

$70,000– $79,999

$80,000– $99,999

$100,000 or more

97,391 2.5 $51,128.00 42,741.66

27,100 1.8 $10,752.55 19,862.52

23,941 2.4 $29,072.57 31,684.32

8,891 2.6 $44,294.00 39,756.91

13,890 2.8 $58,900.00 49,788.99

5,121 3.0 $74,560.00 57,128.14

6,909 3.0 $88,832.00 65,957.39

11,537 3.1 $154,665.00 93,514.86


1,956.55 706.60

973.26 348.87

1,445.26 550.11

1,959.55 727.62

2,346.98 869.03

2,686.70 1,027.69

3,077.75 1,072.71

4,016.64 1,347.36

395.14 225.04 6.88 79.54

226.17 97.49 2.46 22.75

331.71 157.94 7.77 52.68

425.06 207.46 2.74 92.36

450.43 286.03 15.96 116.61

621.94 275.29 4.67 125.79

556.25 337.76 9.11 169.58

658.36 535.52 7.75 145.74


774.13

345.90

507.04

712.90

879.42

1,043.59

1,291.26

1,909.31

233.57 535.73 1.45 3.39

129.41 213.04 1.78 2.21

187.07 315.01 1.22 3.74

237.34 467.78 1.99 5.79

285.96 585.44 3.77 4.25

332.96 708.04 – 2.60

367.28 920.45 – 3.53

400.11 1,506.10 – 2.50


274.05

165.49

215.68

306.88

340.65

359.52

428.20

428.21

198.42 28.59 35.06 11.98

115.74 20.21 21.68 7.86

153.48 24.27 28.92 9.01

230.17 28.62 39.17 8.93

240.61 41.58 47.96 10.49

266.53 27.59 51.52 13.89

308.81 37.55 61.18 20.65

324.46 37.62 38.61 27.52


201.77

113.00

172.43

212.15

257.89

255.89

285.59

331.75

99.14 95.93 1.67 5.02

62.14 47.48 1.50 1.88

91.14 76.24 1.69 3.35

116.55 85.35 0.49 9.77

117.86 132.26 2.17 5.60

135.79 109.45 4.60 6.05

124.05 151.52 0.78 9.24

138.16 183.26 1.80 8.53




Table 9. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed spending by income, 2003 (indexed average annual spending of consumer units (CU) on restaurant and carry-out food, by before-tax income of consumer unit, 2003; complete income reporters only; index definition: an index of 100 is the average for all consumer units; an index of 132 means that spending by consumer units in that group is 32 percent above the average for all consumer units; an index of 68 indicates spending that is 32 percent below the average for all consumer units) total complete reporters

under $20,000

$20,000– $39,999

$40,000– $49,999

$50,000– $69,999

$70,000– $79,999

$80,000– $99,999

$100,000 or more

$42,742 100

$19,863 46

$31,684 74

$39,757 93

$49,789 116

$57,128 134

$65,957 154

$93,515 219


100 100

50 49

74 78

100 103

120 123

137 145

157 152

205 191

100 100 100 100

57 43 36 29

84 70 113 66

108 92 40 116

114 127 232 147

157 122 68 158

141 150 132 213

167 238 113 183


100

45

65

92

114

135

167

247

100 100 100 100

55 40 123 65

80 59 84 110

102 87 137 171

122 109 260 125

143 132 – 77

157 172 – 104

171 281 – 74


100

60

79

112

124

131

156

156

100 100 100 100

58 71 62 66

77 85 82 75

116 100 112 75

121 145 137 88

134 97 147 116

156 131 175 172

164 132 110 230


100

56

85

105

128

127

142

164

100 100 100 100

63 49 90 37

92 79 101 67

118 89 29 195

119 138 130 112

137 114 275 121

125 158 47 184

139 191 108 170




Table 10. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total spending by income, 2003 (total annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food, by before-tax income group of consumer units (CU), 2003; complete income reporters only; consumer units and dollars in thousands) total complete reporters

under $20,000

$20,000– $39,999

$40,000– $49,999

$50,000– $69,999

$70,000– $79,999

97,391 $4,162,653,009

27,100 $538,274,380

23,941 $758,554,310

8,891 $353,478,687

13,890 $691,569,071

5,121 $292,553,205

RESTAURANTS AND CARRY-OUTS 190,550,361 Lunch 68,816,481 At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) 38,483,080 At full-service restaurants 21,916,871 At vending machines, mobile vendors 670,050 At employer and school cafeterias 7,746,480

26,375,366 9,454,348

34,600,876 13,170,175

17,422,359 6,469,269

32,599,552 12,070,827

13,758,591 5,262,800

21,264,175 7,411,353

46,339,976 15,544,492

6,129,081 2,642,066 66,772 616,429

7,941,375 3,781,268 186,138 1,261,261

3,779,208 1,844,527 24,361 821,173

6,256,473 3,972,957 221,684 1,619,713

3,184,955 1,409,760 23,915 644,171

3,843,131 2,333,584 62,941 1,171,628

7,595,499 6,178,294 89,412 1,681,402


$80,000– $99,999

$100,000 or more

6,909 11,537 $455,699,608 $1,078,880,940


75,393,295

9,373,782

12,139,002

6,338,394

12,215,144

5,344,224

8,921,315

22,027,709

22,747,616 52,175,280 141,217 330,155

3,506,918 5,773,386 48,221 59,896

4,478,669 7,541,737 29,153 89,551

2,110,190 4,159,032 17,693 51,479

3,971,984 8,131,762 52,365 59,033

1,705,088 3,625,873 – 13,315

2,537,538 6,359,389 – 24,389

4,616,069 17,375,876 – 28,843


26,690,004

4,484,885

5,163,605

2,728,470

4,731,629

1,841,102

2,958,434

4,940,259

19,324,322 2,784,409 3,414,528 1,166,744

3,136,421 547,799 587,527 213,026

3,674,488 581,098 692,358 215,660

2,046,441 254,460 348,260 79,397

3,342,073 577,546 666,164 145,706

1,364,900 141,288 263,834 71,131

2,133,568 259,433 422,693 142,671

3,743,295 434,022 445,444 317,498


19,650,582

3,062,423

4,128,095

1,886,226

3,582,092

1,310,413

1,973,141

3,827,400

9,655,344 9,342,719 162,643 488,903

1,683,943 1,286,766 40,781 50,934

2,182,040 1,825,201 40,572 80,282

1,036,246 758,847 4,357 86,865

1,637,075 1,837,091 30,141 77,784

695,381 560,493 23,557 30,982

857,061 1,046,852 5,389 63,839

1,593,952 2,114,271 20,767 98,411



Table 11. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market shares by income, 2003 (percentage of total annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food accounted for by before-tax income group of consumer units, 2003; complete income reporters only) total complete reporters

under $20,000

$20,000– $39,999

$40,000– $49,999

$50,000– $69,999

$70,000– $79,999

$80,000– $99,999

$100,000 or more


100.0% 100.0 100.0

27.8% 5.9 12.9

24.6% 14.0 18.2

9.1% 7.9 8.5

14.3% 16.4 16.6

5.3% 7.7 7.0

7.1% 12.3 10.9

11.8% 35.8 25.9


100.0 100.0

13.8 13.7

18.2 19.1

9.1 9.4

17.1 17.5

7.2 7.6

11.2 10.8

24.3 22.6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15.9 12.1 10.0 8.0

20.6 17.3 27.8 16.3

9.8 8.4 3.6 10.6

16.3 18.1 33.1 20.9

8.3 6.4 3.6 8.3

10.0 10.6 9.4 15.1

19.7 28.2 13.3 21.7

100.0

12.4

16.1

8.4

16.2

7.1

11.8

29.2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15.4 11.1 34.1 18.1

19.7 14.5 20.6 27.1

9.3 8.0 12.5 15.6

17.5 15.6 37.1 17.9

7.5 6.9 – 4.0

11.2 12.2 – 7.4

20.3 33.3 – 8.7

100.0

16.8

19.3

10.2

17.7

6.9

11.1

18.5

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

16.2 19.7 17.2 18.3

19.0 20.9 20.3 18.5

10.6 9.1 10.2 6.8

17.3 20.7 19.5 12.5

7.1 5.1 7.7 6.1

11.0 9.3 12.4 12.2

19.4 15.6 13.0 27.2

100.0

15.6

21.0

9.6

18.2

6.7

10.0

19.5

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

17.4 13.8 25.1 10.4

22.6 19.5 24.9 16.4

10.7 8.1 2.7 17.8

17.0 19.7 18.5 15.9

7.2 6.0 14.5 6.3

8.9 11.2 3.3 13.1

16.5 22.6 12.8 20.1

Dinner At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias Snacks and nonalcoholic beverages At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias Breakfast and brunch At fast food, take-out, delivery, buffets, and cafeterias (except employer and school) At full-service restaurants At vending machines, mobile vendors At employer and school cafeterias



Table 12. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average spending by high-income consumer units, 2003 (average annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food, by before-tax income of consumer units (CU) with high incomes, 2003; complete income reporters only) total complete reporters

$100,000 or more

$100,000– $119,999

$120,000– $149,999

$150,000 or more

97,391 2.5 $51,128.00 42,741.66

11,537 3.1 $154,665.00 93,514.86

4,384 3.1 $108,087.00 75,601.50

3,151 3.1 $131,885.00 86,451.46

4,002 3.1 $223,634.00 118,674.11


1,956.55 706.60

4,016.64 1,347.36

3,501.12 1,120.56

3,813.56 1,377.01

4,734.74 1,570.91

395.14 225.04 6.88 79.54

658.36 535.52 7.75 145.74

635.27 352.08 12.63 120.58

625.19 526.06 5.24 220.51

709.21 742.28 4.39 115.03


774.13

1,909.31

1,695.72

1,644.60

2,347.03

233.57 535.73 1.45 3.39

400.11 1,506.10 – 2.50

378.18 1,317.32 – 0.23

368.21 1,267.65 – 6.52

448.72 1,896.47 – 1.84


274.05

428.21

355.19

428.81

507.14

198.42 28.59 35.06 11.98

324.46 37.62 38.61 27.52

275.83 23.51 37.79 18.06

318.50 32.30 35.74 42.26

381.95 57.10 41.73 26.36


201.77

331.75

329.65

363.15

309.66

99.14 95.93 1.67 5.02

138.16 183.26 1.80 8.53

146.59 171.74 2.30 9.02

151.36 201.39 0.01 10.39

118.75 181.71 2.65 6.55




Table 13. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Indexed spending by high-income consumer units, 2003 (indexed average annual spending of consumer units (CU) with high incomes on restaurant and carry-out food, by before-tax income of consumer unit, 2003; complete income reporters only; index definition: an index of 100 is the average for all consumer units; an index of 132 means that spending by consumer units in that group is 32 percent above the average for all consumer units; an index of 68 indicates spending that is 32 percent below the average for all consumer units) total complete reporters

$100,000 or more

$100,000– $119,999

$120,000– $149,999

$150,000 or more

$42,742 100

$93,515 219

$75,602 177

$86,451 202

$118,674 278


100 100

205 191

179 159

195 195

242 222

100 100 100 100

167 238 113 183

161 156 184 152

158 234 76 277

179 330 64 145


100

247

219

212

303

100 100 100 100

171 281 – 74

162 246 – 7

158 237 – 192

192 354 – 54


100

156

130

156

185

100 100 100 100

164 132 110 230

139 82 108 151

161 113 102 353

192 200 119 220


100

164

163

180

153

100 100 100 100

139 191 108 170

148 179 138 180

153 210 1 207

120 189 159 130




Table 14. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Total spending by high-income consumer units, 2003 (total annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food, by before-tax income group of consumer units (CU) with high incomes, 2003; complete income reporters only; consumer units and dollars in thousands) total complete reporters 97,391 $4,162,653,009

$100,000 or more 11,537 $1,078,880,940

$100,000– $119,999 4,384 $331,436,976

$120,000– $149,999 3,151 $272,408,550

$150,000 or more 4,002 $474,933,788


190,550,361 68,816,481

46,339,976 15,544,492

15,348,910 4,912,535

12,016,528 4,338,959

18,948,429 6,286,782

38,483,080 21,916,871 670,050 7,746,480

7,595,499 6,178,294 89,412 1,681,402

2,785,024 1,543,519 55,370 528,623

1,969,974 1,657,615 16,511 694,827

2,838,258 2,970,605 17,569 460,350


75,393,295

22,027,709

7,434,036

5,182,135

9,392,814

22,747,616 52,175,280 141,217 330,155

4,616,069 17,375,876 – 28,843

1,657,941 5,775,131 – 1,008

1,160,230 3,994,365 – 20,545

1,795,777 7,589,673 – 7,364


26,690,004

4,940,259

1,557,153

1,351,180

2,029,574

19,324,322 2,784,409 3,414,528 1,166,744

3,743,295 434,022 445,444 317,498

1,209,239 103,068 165,671 79,175

1,003,594 101,777 112,617 133,161

1,528,564 228,514 167,003 105,493


19,650,582

3,827,400

1,445,186

1,144,286

1,239,259

9,655,344 9,342,719 162,643 488,903

1,593,952 2,114,271 20,767 98,411

642,651 752,908 10,083 39,544

476,935 634,580 32 32,739

475,238 727,203 10,605 26,213




Table 15. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Market shares by high-income consumer units, 2003 (percentage of total annual spending on restaurant and carry-out food accounted for by before-tax income group of consumer units with high incomes, 2003; complete income reporters only) total complete reporters

$100,000 or more

$100,000– $119,999

$120,000– $149,999

$150,000 or more


100.0% 100.0 100.0

11.8% 35.8 25.9

4.5% 9.5 8.0

3.2% 8.3 6.5


100.0 100.0

24.3 22.6

8.1 7.1

6.3 6.3

9.9 9.1

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

19.7 28.2 13.3 21.7

7.2 7.0 8.3 6.8

5.1 7.6 2.5 9.0

7.4 13.6 2.6 5.9


100.0

29.2

9.9

6.9

12.5

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

20.3 33.3 – 8.7

7.3 11.1 – 0.3

5.1 7.7 – 6.2

7.9 14.5 – 2.2


100.0

18.5

5.8

5.1

7.6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

19.4 15.6 13.0 27.2

6.3 3.7 4.9 6.8

5.2 3.7 3.3 11.4

7.9 8.2 4.9 9.0


100.0

19.5

7.4

5.8

6.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

16.5 22.6 12.8 20.1

6.7 8.1 6.2 8.1

4.9 6.8 0.0 6.7

4.9 7.8 6.5 5.4



4.1% 18.0 11.4

Table 16. Restaurants and Carry-Outs: Average spending by household type, 2003 (average annual spending of consumer units (CU) on restaurant and carry-out food, by type of consumer unit, 2003)

total consumer units

total married couples

married couples, no children

115,356 2.5 $51,128.00 40,817.33

58,448 3.2 $69,472.00 53,030.03


1,831.97 658.16

married couples with children total

oldest child under 6

oldest child 6 to 17

oldest child 18 or older

single parent, at least one child

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