U·X·L complete health resource cumulative index

U • X • L C O M P L E T E H E A LT H R E S O U R C E CUMULATIVE INDEX Cumulates indexes for: Body by Design Healthy...

Author: Allison McNeill

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U • X • L

C O M P L E T E

H E A LT H

R E S O U R C E

CUMULATIVE INDEX Cumulates indexes for: Body by Design Healthy Living Sick!

U • X • L

C O M P L E T E

H E A LT H

R E S O U R C E

CUMULATIVE INDEX Cumulates indexes for: Body by Design Healthy Living Sick!

Index coordinated by Allison McNeill

U•X•L Complete Health Resource Cumulative Index Allison McNeill, Index Coordinator Library of Congress Card Number 00-068284 This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to the publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright 2001 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Cover illustration by Kevin Ewing Illustrations ISBN 0-7876-5657-7 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Cumulative Index BBody By Design SSick! HHealthy Living Bold type indicates set title, and page numbers for main entries; italic type indicates volume number; photos and illustrations are marked by (ill.).

A AA. See Alcoholics Anonymous AAPCC. See American Association of Poison Control Centers Abdominal hernia S 2: 393 (ill.) ABMS. See American Board of Medical Specialists Abnormalities, from endocrine disrupters H 1: 133–34 Abortion H 1: 77–78 Abscesses S 1: 223 H 1: 32, 44 Absence seizure S 2: 289 Abstinence. See Sexual abstinence Abstract thinking, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 Abuse, sexual. See Sexual abuse Abuse, substance. See Substance abuse Accidents, sleep deprivation and H 2: 216 Accommodation B 2: 328

Accreditation H 2: 166 ACE inhibitors S 2: 412 Acetaminophen S 1: 181 H 2: 240, 244 Acetylcholine B 1: 163, 164, 168, 169; 2: 193 Acetylsalicylic acid S 4: 620. See also Aspirin Acid (Drug). See LSD (Drug) Acid rain H 1: 112, 119–20 Acid reflux B 1: 56 Acne B 1: 110, 111 (ill.) S 1: 1–7, 4 (ill.) medication for H 2: 240–42 in puberty H 1: 34–36, 36 (ill.) Acquaintance rape. See Date rape Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. See AIDS Acromegaly B 1: 87, 88 (ill.), 89 Acrophobia H 3: 344 (ill.), 345

1

Acrosome

Acrosome B 2: 210 Actin B 1: 157 (ill.) Activity, physical. See Physical activity Actors and actresses, substance abuse and H 3: 385 Acupoints H 2: 279, 280 (ill.), 281, 282 Acupressure H 2: 281, 285, 286. See also Massage therapy Acupuncture S 3: 436 (ill.) H 2: 167 (ill.), 270, 279–82, 280 (ill.), 282 (ill.), 282 (ill.), 283 history of H 2: 281 managed care and H 2: 160, 160 (ill.) naturopathy and H 2: 276 and recovery from drug addiction H 3: 401 Acupuncture points. See Acupoints Acupuncturists H 2: 165–68, 167 (ill.) Acutane S 1: 5 Acute bronchitis B 2: 253 Acute retroviral syndrome S 1: 16 Acyclovir S 1: 181 Adam’s apple B 2: 241 Adaptive behavior H 3: 324 Adaptive skills S 3: 515 ADD. See Attention-deficit disorder Addams, Jane H 2: 199 Addiction S 1: 7–14 H 3: 381–83 Addiction to exercise. See Exercise addiction Addison’s disease B 1: 89 Adductor muscles B 1: 161

2

Adenoid S 2: 272 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) B 1: 165, 166; 2: 210, 246 ADHD. See Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Adler, Alfred H 3: 416–17 Adlerian psychology H 3: 416–17 Adolescence breakfast and H 1: 27–28 calcium and H 1: 10 dating in H 1: 69–70 eating during H 1: 24, 28 nicotine in H 3: 397–98 nutrients and H 1: 3–4, 7 nutrition and H 1: 1 personality development in H 3: 303–4 sexuality and H 1: 58, 68–69 substance abuse in H 3: 386 suicide and H 3: 341. See also Puberty Adoption H 1: 78–79 Adrenal cortex B 1: 74, 75, 79, 83, 89, 90; 2: 303 Adrenal glands B 1: 74, 75 (ill.), 83 Adrenal medulla B 1: 74, 75, 84 Adrenaline H 2: 206; 3: 356 Adrenergic alpha-agonists H 2: 259 Adrenocorticotropic hormone B 1: 78, 79, 83, 89 Adult onset diabetes S 2: 252 Adult protective services H 2: 198 Adverse reactions H 2: 241 of acetaminophen H 2: 244 of antihistamines H 2: 249–50 of aspirin H 2: 243–44 of caffeine-based stimulants H 2: 257 of diet pills H 1: 23 of echinacea H 2: 262 of ephedra H 2: 263 of generic drugs H 2: 157 of ibuprofen H 2: 245

U•X•L Complete Health Resource Cumulative Index

Allopathy

of oral decongestants H 2: 250 of OTC drugs H 2: 239 pharmacists and H 2: 183 of sleep aids H 2: 258–59 of St. John’s Wort H 2: 268 of weight loss products H 2: 259–60 Advocates H 2: 140, 166 patient H 2: 178 Aerobic H 1: 86 Aerobic exercises H 1: 87, 89 (ill.), 90, 93–94, 94 (ill.) Aerobic metabolism B 1: 165 Aerosols as inhalants H 3: 395, 395 (ill.) poisoning from H 2: 224 Affect H 3: 324 Affectations H 3: 324 Affection. See Kindness Age nutrition and H 1: 7 self-esteem and H 3: 305 Agglutination B 1: 14 Agoraphobia H 3: 344, 345 Agriculture, pesticides in H 1: 116–18, 118 (ill.) AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) B 1: 137, 140–42, 148; 2: 230 S 1: 14–24 Late–stage S 1: 19, 20 Latency period of S 1: 18, 19 H 1: 79–80 AIDS dementia complex S 1: 16 Air pollution indoor H 1: 122–31 outside H 1: 119–22 Albumins B 1: 11 Alcohol H 3: 395–97 acetaminophen and H 2: 244 with antihistamines H 2: 250

aspirin and H 2: 244 dietary guidelines and H 1: 5 illness prevention and H 2: 209 methaqualone and H 3: 389 nutrition and H 1: 3 Alcoholic hepatitis S 2: 386 Alcoholics Anonymous H 3: 399, 400, 438–39, 438 (ill.) Alcoholism S 1: 25–31 H 3: 395–96 eating disorders and H 3: 371 genetics and H 3: 301 Aldosterone B 1: 74, 83, 89; 2: 303 Alendronate S 3: 558 Alexander, Franz Gabriel H 3: 415 Alginic acid, for heartburn H 2: 246 Ali, Muhammad S 1: 207; 3: 573 (ill.) Alimentary canal B 1: 33 Allergen B 1: 142 S 1: 32, 33, 78, 81 (ill.) Allergic response B 1: 143 (ill.) Allergies B 1: 142, 144; 2: 251 S 1: 32–39 H 2: 240, 248–51 aspirin and H 2: 244 drugs for H 2: 248–51 Allergy flow chart S 1: 33 (ill.) Allergy scratch test S 1: 36 (ill.) Allergy shots S 2: 337 Allicin, from garlic H 2: 264 Allopathy H 2: 166, 270 vs. alternative medicine H 2: 272 vs. homeopathy H 2: 274

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Allurophobia

Allopathy (continued) vs. naturopathy H 2: 276 Allurophobia H 3: 345 Aloe, for burns H 2: 222 (ill.) Alpha-blockers S 2: 412 Alpha-fetoprotein S 2: 263 Alpha radiation H 1: 113. See also Radiation ALS. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Altered consciousness H 3: 382 Alternative medicine H 2: 269–95 acupuncture H 2: 279–82 chiropractic H 2: 283–85 definitions for H 2: 270–71 vs. experimental care H 2: 161 in health care systems H 2: 158–60 homeopathy H 2: 269–75 massage therapy H 2: 285–89 naturopathy H 2: 276–79 reflexology H 2: 289–91 yoga H 2: 292–94 Aluminum salts, as antacid H 2: 246 Alveolar glands B 2: 218 Alveoli B 1: 21, 22; 2: 239, 245, 247, 248, 254 S 2: 277 Alzheimer’s disease B 2: 196, 197 S 1: 40–47 H 2: 206, 265, 298; 3: 310–311 AMA. See American Medical Association Amantadine hydrochloride S 3: 429 Ambulatory care, for mental health problems H 2: 162–63 Amenorrhea H 3: 356, 366 American Association of Poison Control Centers H 1: 120 American Board of Medical Specialists H 2: 190

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American Lung Association H 1: 123–24 American Medical Association H 1: 124; 2: 274, 277 American Optical/Hardy, Rand, and Ritter Pseudoisochromatic Test S 1: 193 American Psychiatric Association H 3: 341 Amnesia S 1: 207 Amnesia, dissociative H 3: 350–51 Amnion B 2: 225 Amniotic sac B 2: 225 Amphetamines H 3: 390–91 Amputation S 2: 317 Amygdala B 2: 188 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) B 2: 197, 198, 198 (ill.) S 1: 48–53 Anabolic steroids B 1: 77 Anaerobic H 1: 86 Anaerobic exercise H 1: 88–89 Analgesics H 2: 240, 242–45, 246 (ill.) Analytical psychology H 3: 415–16 Anaphylaxis S 1: 32; 2: 334 Anatomy, massage and H 2: 289 Androgens B 1: 75, 110; 2: 219 S 1: 2 H 1: 132 Anemia B 1: 23 S 1: 53–61, 111; 4: 670 H 2: 206 iron deficiency and H 1: 13


Anvil bone

minerals to prevent H 2: 234 testing for H 2: 218 Anesthesiology H 2: 187 Anesthetics, in antibacterial drugs H 2: 247 Aneurysm. See Cerebral aneurysm Angel dust. See PCP Angell, Marcia H 3: 378 Angina B 1: 24 Angiography S 1: 88, 166 Angioplasty S 2: 361 Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors S 2: 412 Anhedonia H 3: 324 Ankle joint B 2: 276 (ill.) Ankylosing spondylitis S 1: 111 Anorexia nervosa B 1: 54 S 1: 61–67 H 1: 21; 3: 355–57, 357 (ill.), 358 (ill.), 366–67, 405. See also Eating disorders Antacids H 2: 240, 245–46 Antagonist muscle B 1: 166 Anti-androgen S 1: 2 Antianxiety drugs H 3: 388 Antibacterial drugs H 2: 246–48, 247 (ill.) Antibacterial soaps, for acne H 2: 242 Antibiotics S 1: 2 H 1: 32; 2: 240 for STDs H 1: 80, 81 Antibodies B 1: 11, 132, 136, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144, 169 S 1: 16, 32, 111

H 2: 206 Antibody-mediated immunity B 1: 136, 137 Anticholinergic drugs S 3: 576 Anticoagulants S 2: 359 Anticonvulsant medication S 1: 118 Antidepressants S 1: 104, 121; 2: 248 with antihistamines H 2: 250 for depression with eating disorders H 2: 270 St. John’s Wort as H 2: 267 Antidiarrheals H 2: 248 Antidiuretic hormone B 1: 69, 78, 80; 2: 302, 303 Antifungal creams, for athlete’s foot H 1: 39 Antigens B 1: 13, 130, 132, 135–39, 142 S 1: 16; 2: 385 Antihistamines S 1: 36 H 2: 240, 248–51 for coughs and colds H 2: 253 insomnia and H 2: 258 Anti-inflammatory agents H 2: 240 Antioxidants H 2: 206, 207–8 Antiperspirants H 1: 33–34 Antipsychotic drugs H 3: 324, 343 Antiseptics in antibacterial drugs H 2: 240, 247 Antitussives H 2: 240, 252 Antivenins B 1: 139 Anus B 1: 43, 49 H 1: 32, 54 hemorrhoids and H 2: 253 Anvil bone B 2: 322

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Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders S 3: 551, 565 H 3: 324, 343–49 eating disorders and H 3: 370 phobias H 3: 344–45, 344 (ill.) physical activity and H 1: 92 yoga for H 2: 294 Aorta B 1: 9 Aortic semilunar valve B 1: 5, 10 (ill.) Aplastic anemia S 1: 56 Apocrine glands B 1: 104 Appeals (Law) H 2: 140 Appearance, genetics and H 1: 19 Appendectomy B 1: 51 (ill.) Appendicitis B 1: 50 S 1: 67–71; 69 (ill.) Appendicular skeleton B 2: 267, 272 Appendix B 1: 42, 50, 51 S 1: 68 Appendix, inflamed S 1: 69 (ill.) Appetite suppressant S 3: 543 Aqualung B 2: 248 Aqueous humor B 2: 319, 327, 335, 337 S 2: 324 Arachnoid B 2: 182 Arenaviruses S 2: 379, 380 Areola B 2: 218 Aricept S 1: 45 Aromatherapy H 2: 214, 240, 262, 263 (ill.)

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Arrector pili muscles B 1: 101, 104, 106 Arrhythmia H 2: 189 Arsenic S 4: 661 Art therapists H 2: 168–69, 168 (ill.) Art therapy H 3: 410, 431–32, 432 (ill.), 433 (ill.) Artemisinin S 3: 500 Arteries B 1: 7, 8 (ill.), 9 Arterioles B 1: 7 Arteriosclerosis B 1: 23 S 1: 88; 2: 406 Arthritis B 2: 281, 283–85 S 1: 71–78, 223; 2: 406 H 1: 86, 90; 2: 240 aspirin for H 2: 242 cortisone for H 2: 248 St. John’s Wort for H 2: 267 Arthrography S 4: 745 Articulations B 2: 278 Artificial H 2: 270 Asanas H 2: 292; 3: 426 Asbestos H 1: 112, 126–27, 126 (ill.), 130 Ascending infection S 1: 234 Asexual reproduction B 2: 207 Asperger syndrome S 1: 104 Aspirin S 2: 348; 4: 621 H 2: 242–44 for the heart H 2: 243, 243 (ill.) Assignments, Medicare H 2: 149


AZT

Associate degrees H 2: 166 Asthma B 2: 251, 252, 252 (ill.) S 1: 32, 78–87 Asthma, from environmental tobacco smoke H 1: 123 Astigmatism B 2: 333, 334 S 4: 794, 795 (ill.) Astringents H 2: 240 Ataxia S 1: 171 Atherosclerosis B 1: 23, 24, 27, 29, 30 S 1: 87–94 Atherosclerosis flowchart S 1: 92 (ill.) Atherosclerotic plaque S 2: 357 (ill.) Athletes exercise addiction and H 3: 361, 405 Athlete’s foot B 1: 110 S 1: 94–97, 95 (ill.) H 1: 39, 39 (ill.), 48; 2: 217 Atlas B 2: 270, 280 Atopy S 1: 78 Atria B 1: 5, 17 Atrioventricular (AV) bundle B 1: 5, 17 Atrioventricular (AV) node B 1: 5, 17 Atrioventricular (AV) valves B 1: 5, 17 Attending physicians H 2: 188 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder S 1: 97–103, 171 H 3: 312, 324, 325–28, 327 (ill.) Audiometer S 2: 351 Auditory canal B 2: 320, 330 S 2: 351

Auditory nerve S 2: 351 Aura S 2: 288 Aureole H 1: 62, 65 Auricle S 2: 272 Auricular acupuncture. See Ear, acupuncture in Auscultation H 2: 218 Autism S 1: 103–10 H 3: 324, 333–35, 334 (ill.), 336 art therapy for H 3: 432 (ill.) dance therapy for H 3: 433 Autoclaves, in ear piercing H 1: 47 Autoimmune disorders B 1: 144, 169 S 1: 55, 69, 73, 110–15, 223; 3: 447, 487, 520; 4: 623 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia S 1: 55, 111 Autoimmune hepatitis S 2: 386 Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura S 1: 111 Automatic responses H 3: 312 Autonomic nervous system B 1: 19, 39; 2: 175, 194 Autonomic reflexes B 2: 193 Autonomy H 3: 298 Avoidant personality disorder H 3: 352 Axial skeleton B 2: 267 Axis B 2: 270, 280 Axons B 2: 179, 180, 182 AZT S 1: 21 (ill.)

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B cells

B B cells B 1: 131, 132, 136, 137, 139 Babies, effect of shaking on S 4: 669 (ill.). See also Infants Bachelor degrees H 2: 166 Bacillus Calmette-Gue`rin (BCG) S 4: 774 Back, chiropractic and H 2: 283–85 Backbone B 2: 269 Bacteria B 1: 129 (ill.) H 1: 32; 2: 206 causing diseases H 1: 35 hygiene and H 2: 211 (ill.) nail infections and H 1: 48–49 STDs and H 1: 80, 81 Bacterial sore throat S 4: 707 Bad breath H 1: 32, 44 Balance B 2: 320, 323, 330, 331 Bankruptcy, from compulsive shopping H 3: 407 Barbecued foods H 2: 208 Barbiturates H 3: 388 Barium enema S 1: 195, 197, 223 Barnard, Christiaan B 1: 25, 25 (ill.) Basal cell cancer S 4: 678, 681 (ill.) Basal cell carcinoma B 1: 116 Basal cells B 1: 99, 116 Basal ganglia B 2: 186 Basilar membrane B 2: 323, 330

8

Basophils B 1: 14 BDD. See Body dysmorphic disorder Beans, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Beaumont, William B 1: 41, 41 (ill.) Beck, Aaron H 3: 420 Becker muscular dystrophy S 3: 534 Bed-wetting H 3: 324, 337 Bedside manner H 2: 166 Behavior, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 Behavior modification H 3: 309 Behavior therapy H 3: 421–25 for autism H 3: 335 behavioral medicine in H 3: 424–25 causes of major depression and H 3: 338 for panic disorder H 3: 346 for phobias H 3: 345 rational-emotive H 3: 423–24 for somatoform disorders H 3: 349–50 Behavioral medicine H 3: 424–25 Behring, Emil Adolf von S 4: 754 Belushi, John H 3: 385 Bends, The. See Decompression sickness Benign S 1: 124, 148 H 3: 382 Benzodiazepines S 1: 118; 3: 596 H 3: 388 Benzoyl peroxide, for acne H 2: 242 Berylliosis S 3: 483 Best, Billy S 2: 404 (ill.) Beta-blockers S 2: 360


Blood cells

Beta-carotene H 2: 207. See also Vitamin A Beta radiation H 1: 113. See also Radiation Beta-receptor agonist S 1: 83 Bhadrasana. See Nobility pose Bibliophobia H 3: 345 Biceps brachii muscle B 1: 160, 166 Bicuspid valve B 1: 5 Bicycling H 1: 94, 103 (ill.); 2: 228 (ill.), 229 Bile B 1: 45, 46, 48, 50 Biliary atresia B 1: 50 Billups, Chauncy S 2: 315 (ill.) Binet, Alfred H 3: 316 Binge S 1: 136 Binge-eating disorder H 1: 21; 3: 356, 358–60 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357 effects on the body H 3: 367 guilt and shame with H 3: 370–71 Binges, shopping H 3: 407 Binocular vision B 2: 328 Bioenergetics H 3: 410, 429–31 Biofeedback S 2: 345; 3: 437 (ill.) H 3: 410, 424–25, 424 (ill.) Bioflavinoids H 2: 208 Biology, of learning H 3: 310–11 Biopsy S 1: 124, 148 Bipolar disorder S 1: 117–23 H 3: 341

Birds, endocrine disruption in H 1: 133 Birth control B 2: 222 H 1: 72, 73–75, 73 (ill.). See also specific types e.g., condoms Birth control pills B 2: 220 H 1: 73–74, 73 (ill.) Birth defects, from endocrine disrupters H 1: 133–34 Bisexuality H 1: 71 Black Death B 1: 128 Black lung disease B 2: 245 (ill.) Black Plague H 1: 136 Blackheads H 1: 35; 2: 241 See also Acne Blackouts H 3: 396 Bladder H 1: 32 Bladder, inflammation of. See Cystitis Bladder cancer B 2: 305, 306, 306 (ill.). See also Cancer Bleeder’s disease B 1: 26 Blind spot S 2: 324 Blindness, hysterical H 3: 349 Blisters, in eczema H 1: 37 Bloating, menstruation and H 1: 67 Blood B 1: 1, 7, 10, 11, 130, 132, 135 Blood, iron in H 1: 12, 13 Blood-brain barrier S 3: 509, 575 Blood cells S 4: 671 (ill.)

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Blood cholesterol levels

Blood cholesterol levels H 1: 13–14 Blood circulation massage therapy for H 2: 287, 289 physical activity and H 1: 87 Blood clotting B 1: 15 Blood doping B 1: 16 Blood pressure B 1: 17–19, 26, 29, 30; 2: 302, 303 S 2: 410 H 1: 86 dietary salt and H 1: 5 nutrition and H 1: 1, 4 testing of H 2: 218 Blood sugar, low. See Hypoglycemia Blood types B 1: 12–14 Blood vessels B 1: 1, 5, 9 H 2: 270 Body, hygiene for H 1: 31–34 Body dysmorphic disorder H 3: 349–50, 405 Body hair H 1: 41–42. See also Hair Body image H 1: 19–20, 20 (ill.) eating disorders and H 3: 363 (ill.), 374 (ill.), 376 (ill.), 377–79 Body/mind therapy. See Bioenergetics Body odors H 1: 33–34 Body set-point theory H 1: 2, 19, 21; 3: 356 Body shape H 1: 13–21, 21 (ill.); 3: 364 (ill.). See also Nutrition Body temperature B 1: 107 Body types H 1: 18 Body weight anorexia nervosa and H 3: 355–57 body shape and H 1: 13–21, 21 (ill.) food and H 1: 13–21, 21 (ill.) fruits and vegetables and H 1: 8

10

loss of (See Weight loss) management of H 1: 21–24 nutrition and H 1: 7 Bolus B 1: 46, 47 Bonding, for whiter teeth H 1: 32, 45 Bone atrophy S 3: 562 (ill.) Bone density test B 2: 287 (ill.) Bone fracture S 2: 311 (ill.), 312 Bone marrow B 1: 82, 123, 130, 131; 2: 267 S 1: 148 Bone marrow transplantation S 1: 156; 3: 475 Bone matrix B 2: 263 Bones B 1: 81, 82; 2: 263, 266–68, 270, 272, 273, 275 anorexia nervosa and H 3: 366 calcium and H 1: 10 physical activity and H 1: 89–90 Bongs, for marijuana use H 3: 390 Borderline personality disorder H 3: 353 Boredom, food and H 1: 21 Borrelia burgdorferi S 3: 492 Bortadella pertussis S 4: 809 Botanical medicine H 2: 278 Bottled water H 2: 209 Botulism B 1: 167, 168 S 2: 299 Bovet, Daniele S 4: 625 Bowman’s capsule B 2: 295, 301 Boxing H 1: 95


C. jejuni

Boys. See Males Brain B 1: 109, 135, 145; 2: 175, 177, 182–83, 183 (ill.), 184, 315, 328, 330–32 Brain, CAT scan of after stroke S 4: 732 (ill.) Brain dominance theory H 3: 313 Brain stem B 2: 184 Brain tissue, diseased S 1: 42 (ill.) Brain waves B 2: 191 Branham, Sara Elizabeth S 3: 512 Breads, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 7–8 Breakfast H 1: 27–28 Breast cancer B 2: 227 S 1: 123–28, 126 (ill.). See also Cancer Breasts H 1: 64–65 Breathing B 2: 239, 246 physical activity and H 1: 90 in yoga (See Pranayama) Broca’s area B 2: 187 Bronchi B 2: 239, 243, 244, 252 S 1: 129; 2: 277 Bronchial tree B 2: 245, 247 Bronchial tubes S 1: 199 Bronchioles B 2: 239, 245 S 2: 277 Bronchitis B 2: 252, 253, 253 (ill.) S 1: 128–35 Bronchodilator S 1: 37, 38; 2: 277; 4: 702 Bronchoscope S 4: 702

Brown, Louise B 2: 224 Brushing scalp hair H 1: 39 teeth H 1: 43; 2: 216 BSA S 1: 141 Bubonic plague B 1: 128 Buccinator muscle B 1: 159 Bulbourethral glands B 2: 207, 213 Bulimia nervosa B 1: 55 S 1: 135–40 H 1: 21; 3: 356, 357–58, 405 effects on the body H 3: 367 guilt and shame with H 3: 370–71. See also Eating disorders Bulk forming laxatives H 2: 254 Bundle of His B 1: 5 Bunyaviruses S 2: 381, 382 Burke, John F. B 1: 113 Burns B 1: 110, 112 (ill.), 113 Burns, classification of S 1: 143 (ill.) Burns and scalds S 1: 140–46 H 2: 222–23, 222 (ill.) Bursae B 2: 279 Butterfly rash S 3: 490 (ill.) Bypass surgery S 2: 361 Byproducts H 1: 112

C C. botulinum. See Clostridium botulinum C. jejuni. See Campylobacter jejuni

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Caffeine

Caffeine H 2: 240, 256–57; 3: 398 Caisson disease S 2: 239 Calcaneus B 2: 275 Calcitonin B 1: 71, 81 S 3: 558 Calcium H 1: 2 adolescent girls and H 1: 7 for headaches H 2: 208, 233 from milk group H 1: 9–10 in nutrition H 1: 4 for osteoporosis H 2: 233 Calcium carbonate, as antacid H 2: 246 Calcium channel blockers S 2: 349, 412 Calories H 1: 2 in fats H 1: 12–13 in fruits and vegetables H 1: 8–9 in grain products H 1: 8 in nutrition H 1: 4–5 snacking and H 1: 16 from sugars H 1: 15 Calyces B 2: 295 Campylobacter jejuni S 2: 299, 302 Canada, health care systems in H 2: 142 Cancer S 1: 147–58 fats and H 1: 13 fruits and vegetables and H 1: 8 garlic for H 2: 265 nutrition and H 1: 3 radiation for H 1: 113. See also Bladder cancer, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Endometrial cancer, Hodgkin’s disease, Kaposi’s syndrome, Kidney cancer, Leukemia, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Skin cancer Cancer cells S 1: 152 (ill.); 3: 473 Candida albicans H 2: 256

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Candidiasis B 2: 332, 333 (ill.). See also Yeast infections Cannabis sativa H 3: 389 Capillaries B 1: 7, 9, 123, 132; 2: 248, 249 Capillary exchange B 1: 19, 21, 22 Capitation, in managed health care H 2: 140, 143 Carbamazepine S 1: 121 Carbohydrates H 1: 2 calories from H 1: 4–5 from grain products H 1: 5, 8 from milk group H 1: 9–10 as nutrients H 1: 3–4 sugars as H 1: 15 Carbon monoxide H 1: 112, 120, 124; 2: 206, 225 detectors for H 1: 125 (ill.); 2: 225 Carcinogens S 1: 148 H 1: 112; 2: 240 radiation as H 1: 114 Carcinomas S 1: 149 Cardiac cycle B 1: 16–18 Cardiac muscle S 4: 626 (ill.) Cardiology H 2: 187, 188, 189 (ill.) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) S 2: 359 Cardiovascular endurance H 1: 88 Cardiovascular fitness H 1: 86, 87, 89 (ill.). See also Physical fitness Cardiovascular system B 1: 1–31, 123, 124; 2: 239 Carditis S 4: 624, 625 Careers, health care. See Health care careers Carpal bones B 2: 272 Carpal tunnel syndrome B 2: 198, 199, 199 (ill.)


Cheeses

S 1: 158–62, 160 (ill.) Carpenter, Karen H 3: 357 (ill.) Carson, Benjamin B 2: 201, 201 (ill.) Cartilage B 2: 264, 270, 279 S 1: 69 Carve outs H 2: 140 in health care plans H 2: 147 for mental health and substance abuse problems H 2: 161 Cassia. See Senna CAT scan. See Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan Cataract surgery S 1: 164 (ill.) Cataracts B 2: 334 S 1: 162–65 Catatonic schizophrenia S 4: 643, 644 Catheter S 1: 88 Catheterization S 1: 234 Cauda equina B 2: 190 Cavities (dental) B 1: 51, 52 (ill.) development of S 4: 762 (ill.) bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 in teeth H 1: 43–44 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CD4 S 1: 16 Cecum B 1: 42 Celiac disease H 2: 212 Cell-mediated immunity B 1: 136, 141 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on exercise H 1: 87 on lead H 1: 128 on physical activity H 1: 85, 101 on radon and lung cancer H 1: 123–24 on washing hands H 1: 32

Central nervous system (CNS) B 1: 145; 2: 175, 180, 182 Cephalosporin S 2: 272 Cereals, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 7–8 Cerebellum B 2: 188, 330, 331 Cerebral aneurysm S 1: 165–70, 167 (ill.), 168 (ill.); 4: 728 Cerebral cortex B 2: 186, 187, 328, 330–32 Cerebral edema S 4: 668 Cerebral embolism S 4: 728 Cerebral palsy S 1: 170–80 Cerebral thrombosis S 4: 728 Cerebrospinal fluid B 2: 182 S 1: 166; 2: 280 Cerebrum B 2: 186, 328 Certified nurse-midwives H 2: 196–97, 197. See also Registered nurses Certified occupational therapy assistants H 2: 181 Cerumen S 2: 272 Ceruminous glands B 2: 321 Cervical caps H 1: 74–75 Cervical traction S 4: 808 Cervix B 2: 217 H 1: 58, 64 CFTR S 1: 227 Chang, Min-Chueh B 2: 220, 220 (ill.) Cheeses in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 8–9 in healthy diets H 1: 14

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Chelation therapy

Chelation therapy S 3: 463 Chemicals, industrial H 1: 131 Chemotaxis B 1: 15 Chemotherapy S 1: 126, 148, 155 Chernobyl S 4: 618 Chi. See Qi Chickenpox S 1: 180–85, 182 (ill.) Chickenpox vaccine H 2: 219 Child protective services H 2: 198 Childhood mental disorders H 3: 324–36 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as H 3: 325–28, 327 (ill.) autism and H 3: 333–35, 334 (ill.) conduct disorder and H 3: 328–29 learning disorders and H 3: 330–31 mental retardation and H 3: 331–33, 332 (ill.) oppositional defiant disorder and H 3: 329–30 stuttering and H 3: 336 Tourette’s disorder and H 3: 335–36 Children, exercise for H 1: 95 Chimneys, indoor air pollution from H 1: 124, 129 China acupuncture in H 2: 165–66, 281 ginseng in H 2: 266 physical activity in H 1: 88 reflexology in H 2: 289 Chinese medicine H 2: 278 Chiropractic H 2: 270, 283–85 history of H 2: 283–84 managed care and H 2: 158, 159–60, 159 (ill.) treatments H 2: 284–85 Chiropractors H 2: 169–71, 169 (ill.) Chlamydia B 2: 231 S 4: 660 H 1: 80

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Chlamydia trachomatis S 4: 664 (ill.) Chloroquine S 3: 500 Cholera H 2: 270 Cholesterol B 1: 24, 45, 55, 66, 74; 2: 287 S 1: 88 H 1: 2 in dietary guidelines H 1: 4 vs. fat H 1: 13 in food pyramid H 1: 5 garlic and H 2: 265 heart disease and H 1: 14 in meat products H 1: 12 testing of in physical examinations H 2: 218 Chorea S 4: 624 Choroid B 2: 317 Chromium, in preventing acne H 2: 208 Chromosomes B 2: 223 Chronic bronchitis B 2: 253 S 1: 130 (ill.), 133–34 Chronic diseases H 1: 2, 140 emergencies in managed care and H 2: 157–58 insomnia H 2: 258 in managed care H 2: 155–57, 158. See also Diseases; specific diseases Chronic fatigue syndrome S 1: 185–91 Chyle B 1: 132 Chyme B 1: 39, 42, 48 Cigarettes marijuana H 3: 390 smoking (See Smoking) Cilia B 1: 134; 2: 217, 220, 240, 243 Ciliary body B 2: 317, 319, 327 Circadian rhythm sleep disorders S 4: 691


Colon

Circulation. See Blood circulation Circulatory system B 1: 1, 4 (ill.) Circumcision B 2: 214 S 1: 234 H 1: 32, 54–55, 54 (ill.) Cirrhosis B 1: 52, 53, 53 (ill.), 56 S 2: 385 Clark, James M. S 2: 243 (ill.) Classical conditioning H 3: 298, 410, 421–22 for bed-wetting H 3: 337 learning and H 3: 312 Claustrophobia H 3: 345 Clavicle B 2: 267, 272 Client-centered stage H 3: 418 Clinical dietitians H 2: 173–74 Clinical nutrition H 2: 278 Clinical psychologists H 2: 191. See also Psychologists Clinical trials H 2: 140, 161, 240 Clitoral orgasms H 1: 72 Clitoris B 2: 217, 218 H 1: 50–51, 58, 63 Closed spaces, fear of. See Claustrophobia Clostridium botulinum S 2: 299, 302, 303 Clostridium tetani S 4: 752 Clothing, genital hygiene and H 1: 53, 54 Clotting factor S 2: 372 CNM. See Certified nurse-midwives Co-payments H 2: 140

Cobain, Kurt H 3: 340 (ill.) Cocaine H 3: 391, 392 (ill.) Cochlea B 2: 323, 330 Cochlear implant B 2: 323 (ill.) Coexisting H 3: 324 Cognex S 1: 45 Cognition H 3: 410 Cognitive restructuring H 3: 423 Cognitive therapy H 3: 420–21, 423 for conduct disorder H 3: 329 major depression and H 3: 338, 339 for mental retardation H 3: 333 for oppositional defiant disorder H 3: 330 for panic disorder H 3: 346 for phobias H 3: 345 techniques and goals of H 3: 420–21 Cognitive-behavioral therapy S 3: 552 Cohen, Gene H 3: 315 Cold, common B 2: 250 S 1: 199–206 medicines for H 2: 251, 253 from viruses H 2: 251 Cold sores S 2: 395, 397 (ill.) Colitis S 4: 781 Collagen H 2: 206 Collapsed lung. See Pneumothora Collar bone B 2: 272 Collective unconscious H 3: 415–16 Colognes H 1: 34 Colon B 1: 43, 43 (ill.)

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Colon, in alternative medicine

Colon, in alternative medicine H 2: 291 Colon with ulcerative colitis S 4: 784 (ill.) Colonoscope S 1: 223 Colonoscopy S 1: 195, 197; 4: 782, 784 Color blindness S 1: 191–94 Colorectal cancer S 1: 194–99, 196 (ill.) Colostomy B 1: 54 S 1: 195 Columbine High School, shootings at H 3: 348 (ill.) Coma, causes of B 2: 185 (ill.) Comedo S 1: 2 Comedolytic S 1: 2 Common bile duct B 1: 45, 55 Common cold. See Cold, common Communications, for learning H 3: 311 Community dietitians H 2: 174 Compact bone B 2: 266 (ill.), 267 Complex carbohydrates sources of H 1: 8 sugars and H 1: 15 Compounding H 2: 184 Compression, exercise-related injuries and H 1: 108 Compulsions H 3: 324, 382, 403–7 eating disorders H 3: 370 exercise addiction H 1: 108; 3: 405 gambling H 3: 403–4, 403 (ill.) Internet addiction H 3: 404–5, 404 (ill.) in obsessive-compulsive disorder H 3: 346–47 in Tourette’s disorder H 3: 336 Computed tomography (CT) scan S 1: 68, 148

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Computer addiction H 3: 405, 404 (ill.) Computer terminals, as source of radiation H 1: 113 Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan S 1: 68; 2: 342 Concentration ADHD and H 3: 325–26 ginkgo biloba and H 2: 266 ginseng for H 2: 266 physical activity and H 1: 91–92 in recovery from drug addiction H 3: 402 in yoga H 2: 293–94, 293 (ill.) Conception B 2: 223 H 1: 58, 64 Concerts, healthy ears and H 1: 46 Concussion B 2: 196 S 1: 206–11 Conditioners (Hair) H 1: 40 Conditioning (Psychology). See Classical conditioning; Operant conditioning Condoms H 1: 72, 73, 73 (ill.), 81 Conduct disorder S 1: 98 H 3: 328–29 operant conditioning for H 3: 423 vs. oppositional defiant disorder H 3: 329–30 Conductive hearing loss S 2: 351 Cone cells S 1: 191 Cones B 2: 319, 327, 328 Conformity, creativity and H 3: 318 Congenital, defined H 2: 166 Congenital disorder S 1: 166, 234 Congenital heart defect B 1: 24 Congenital heart disease B 1: 24


Counseling

Congenital muscular dystrophy S 3: 535, 536

Coronary angioplasty S 2: 361

Congestive heart failure, ibuprofen and H 2: 245

Coronary artery B 1: 24 (ill.) S 1: 90 (ill.) Coronary artery disease B 1: 24 Coronary bypass surgery S 2: 361 Coronary heart disease B 1: 24 Coronavirus S 1: 199 Corpus callosum B 2: 186 Corpus luteum B 2: 221, 224 Correlation H 3: 324 Cortisol B 1: 74, 79, 83, 89, 90 Cortisone H 2: 240, 247–48 Cosmetics H 1: 38, 38 (ill.) Cosmic H 1: 112 Cosmic rays, as source of radiation H 1: 113 Costal cartilage B 2: 271 COTA. See Certified occupational therapy assistants

Conjunctiva B 2: 317, 327, 334 Conjunctivitis B 2: 334, 335 S 1: 211–15 Connective tissue B 1: 10 Conscious, in Jungian psychology H 3: 415–16 Consciousness altered H 3: 382 in Jungian psychology H 3: 415–16 Constipation bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 laxatives for H 2: 253–54, 256 Consultant dietitians H 2: 174 Consumption. See Tuberculosis Contact dermatitis B 1: 113 S 1: 32 Contamination H 1: 112 Contemplation H 3: 429 Continuing education H 2: 166 Contraception B 2: 222 H 1: 58. See also Birth control Contrast hydrotherapy S 2: 317

Cough medicines for H 2: 251–53 nonproductive H 2: 241 productive H 2: 241

Convergent thinking H 3: 298, 318

Cough drops S 4: 708

Conversion disorders H 3: 349

Coughing B 2: 258

Cooling down, for exercise H 2: 230, 230 (ill.)

Coulrophobia H 3: 345

Copper, to prevent anemia H 2: 234

Counseling for bipolar disorder H 3: 341 for eating disorders H 3: 372–75 for rape H 1: 82 (ill.), 83, 84. See also Mental health therapies

Cornea B 2: 317, 319, 327, 333 S 1: 162; 2: 324

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Counseling session

Counseling session S 1: 10 (ill.) Couples therapy H 3: 436 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves B 2: 248 Cowper’s glands H 1: 58, 60 Coxal bones B 2: 272 CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) S 2: 359 Crabs S 3: 478 H 1: 82 Crack (Drug) H 3: 392, 392 (ill.) Cramps, during menstruation H 1: 67 Cramps, muscle B 1: 169, 170 Cranial nerves B 2: 184 ‘‘Crank’’ H 3: 391 Crashing H 3: 382 Creatinine B 2: 299 Creative arts therapy H 3: 431–35 Creativity H 3: 298, 318–19 mental health and H 3: 318–20, 319 (ill.) promotion of H 3: 319–20 Credentials H 2: 140 Cretinism B 1: 93 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease S 1: 215–22 Crib death. See Sudden infant death syndrome Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever S 2: 381 Criminal justice social workers H 2: 198 ‘‘Croak’’ H 3: 391

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Crohn, Burrill B. S 1: 224 Crohn’s disease B 1: 57, 59 S 1: 222–26; 4: 781 Cross-country skiing H 1: 99 Cruciform H 2: 206 Crushes H 1: 68–71, 68 (ill.), 69 (ill.) Crying B 2: 258 Cryosurgery S 4: 802, 804 CT scan. See Computed tomography (CT) scan Cultural biases, in intelligence testing H 3: 317–18 Culture, hair removal and H 1: 41 Cunnilingus H 1: 58, 72 Cushing’s syndrome B 1: 89, 90, 90 (ill.) Cut (Drugs) H 3: 382 Cuticles H 1: 32, 48 Cuts, prevention of H 2: 222–23 Cutting. See Self-mutilation Cyanosis S 3: 583 Cyber-relationship addiction H 3: 404 Cyber-sexual addiction H 3: 404 Cycling. See Bicycling Cystic acne H 1: 35 Cystic fibrosis B 2: 254 S 1: 226–33 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) S 1: 227 Cystitis B 2: 310


Dependent personality disorder

S 1: 233–37 Cytoreduction S 1: 154

D Dalton, John S 1: 193 Daltonism S 1: 193 Dance H 1: 95 exercise addiction and H 3: 361 Dance therapy H 3: 410, 432–33 Dandruff H 1: 40 Date rape H 1: 58, 83 Dating H 1: 68 (ill.), 69–70, 69 (ill.) Death, from eating disorders H 3: 355, 357 (ill.), 359, 360 (ill.), 367 Debridement S 1: 141 Decay, tooth H 1: 43–44 Decompression sickness S 2: 239–44 Decompression stops S 2: 239 Decongestants S 1: 36, 37 H 2: 240, 250–51, 251 (ill.) Deductibles H 2: 140 Deer mouse S 2: 332 (ill.) Deer tick S 3: 494 (ill.) Defecation B 1: 44, 49 Defense mechanisms H 3: 413–14, 415 Defibrillation S 2: 359 Delirium H 3: 382

Deltoid muscle B 1: 160 Delusions H 3: 324 in psychoses H 3: 342 Dendrites B 2: 179, 180, 190 Dengue fever S 2: 380 Densitometry S 3: 558 Dental assistants H 2: 171 Dental bonding H 1: 45 Dental cavities, development of S 4: 762 (ill.) Dental dams H 1: 72 Dental drills S 4: 763 Dental hygienists H 2: 171, 172 (ill.) Dental plaque S 4: 761 (ill.) H 1: 33 causing tooth decay H 1: 43–44 Dentin B 1: 38 Dentists H 1: 44; 2: 171–72, 172 (ill.) Deodorants H 1: 33–34 Department of Agriculture H 1: 4 Department of Defense H 1: 115 Department of Energy H 1: 115 Department of Health and Human Services H 1: 4, 115 Department of Transportation H 1: 115 Dependence H 3: 382 addiction and H 3: 383 Dependent personality disorder H 3: 352

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Dependent personality types

Dependent personality types H 3: 302 Depilatories H 1: 42 Depressants H 3: 387–90 Depression H 3: 324, 356 eating disorders and H 3: 362, 369–70, 369 (ill.) genetics and H 3: 301 major (See Major depression) physical activity and H 1: 92 self-mutilation and H 3: 406 suicide and H 3: 341 symptoms of H 3: 370 Depressive disorders S 2: 244–51 Depressive episodes, in bipolar disorder H 3: 341 Depth perception B 2: 329 (ill.) Dermal papillae B 1: 100 Dermatitis B 1: 113, 114 S 4: 683, 684, 685 (ill.), 686 (ill.) H 1: 37 seborrheic H 1: 40 Dermatologists for acne H 1: 36 for athlete’s foot H 1: 39 Dermatology H 2: 187 Dermis B 1: 98, 100, 106, 108, 112 DES. See Diethylstilbestrol Designer drugs H 3: 393 Detectors. See Sensors Detoxification S 1: 8, 29 H 2: 140; 3: 382, 387 Developmental psychologists H 2: 191. See also Psychologists Developmental stages H 3: 303–5, 418 Diabetes with decongestants H 2: 250 fruits and vegetables and H 1: 8

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ibuprofen and H 2: 245 nutrition and H 1: 3, 4 sugar and H 1: 15 Diabetes mellitus B 1: 90, 91; 2: 305 S 1: 111; 2: 251–59 Diagnostic H 2: 166 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders S 1: 98, 117 H 3: 325, 326 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV H 3: 326 Dialysis B 2: 304 Diamond, Marian H 3: 315 Diaphragm (birth control device) S 1: 234 H 1: 74 Diaphragm (muscle) B 2: 246–48 Diaphysis B 2: 266 Diaries, food H 1: 21 Diarrhea H 2: 240 medicine for H 2: 248 St. John’s Wort for H 2: 267 Diastole B 1: 16, 17 Diastolic blood pressure B 1: 18 S 2: 406 DID. See Dissociative identity disorders Didaskaleinophobia H 3: 345 Diencephalon B 2: 184 Diet H 1: 21–24 fitness and H 1: 103 healthy H 1: 14–15 herpes and H 1: 81 illness prevention and H 2: 205–12 menstruation and H 1: 67 PMS and H 2: 255


DOT

snacking in H 1: 15–16 stress management and H 2: 214 vegetarian H 1: 26. See also Nutrition Diet pills H 1: 23 Dietary Guidelines for Americans H 1: 4–5 Dietetic technicians H 2: 173 Diethylstilbestrol H 1: 133 Dietitians H 2: 172–74, 173 (ill.) Diffusion B 1: 19, 20 (ill.), 22; 2: 191, 248–50 Digestion, St. John’s Wort for H 2: 267 Digestive system B 1: 33–63, 37 (ill.); 2: 299 Digestive system, bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 Digital rectal examination S 1: 195 Dimethylglycine (DMG) S 1: 108 Dioxin H 1: 132 Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DPT) vaccine S 4: 754 H 2: 219 Diplegia S 1: 171 Disabled, Medicare for H 2: 148–50 Discriminative stimulus H 3: 422 Disease reservoir S 2: 378 Diseases causes of, in naturopathy H 2: 276 causing mental retardation H 3: 331–32 chronic (See Chronic diseases) homeopathy and H 2: 275 from indoor air pollution H 1: 129 mental (See Mental illness) nutrition and H 1: 1–3 prevention of (See Preventive care) in vegetarians H 1: 26. See also specific diseases, e.g., Cancer

Disinfectants H 1: 117, 128 Dislocation B 2: 281, 283 (ill.) Disorganized schizophrenia S 4: 643 Disorientation, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 Dissertations H 2: 166 Dissociative amnesia H 3: 350–51 Dissociative disorders H 3: 350–51 Dissociative fugues H 3: 351 Dissociative identity disorders H 3: 351 Distal muscular dystrophy S 3: 535 Distraction, in pain management H 3: 425–26 Diuretics H 3: 356 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357, 367 Divergent thinking H 3: 298, 318 Diverticulitis B 1: 53, 54 Diverticulosis B 1: 53, 54 DMG. See Dimethylglycine (DMG) Doctors. See Physicians DOD. See Department of Defense DOE. See Department of Energy Dole, Bob S 3: 602 (ill.) Domagk, Gerhard S 4: 625 Donepezil hydrochloride S 1: 45 Dopamine B 2: 193, 203 S 3: 571 Dopamine agonist S 3: 576 DOT. See Department of Transportation

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Douches

Douches H 1: 53 Down’s syndrome S 2: 259–66 H 3: 324, 332, 332 (ill.), 333 DPT vaccine. See Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DPT) vaccine Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain H 3: 313 Dream analysis H 3: 410, 413 Drew, Charles B 1: 12 Drinker, Philip S 3: 592 Drinking water, illness prevention and H 2: 209 Driving while intoxicated H 3: 396 Drug addiction H 3: 371 AIDS and H 1: 80. See also Substance abuse Drug therapy H 3: 410, 427 for bipolar disorder H 3: 341 for major depression and H 3: 340 Drugs antianxiety H 3: 388 antibacterial H 2: 246–48, 247 (ill.) antipsychotic H 3: 343 availabiltiy of H 3: 390 (ill.) designer H 3: 393 generic H 2: 140, 156, 157 OTC (See Over-the-counter drugs) prescription (See Prescription drugs) psychoactive H 3: 388 sulfa H 2: 246 synthetic H 1: 132 Drugstores H 2: 183 Drunk driving H 3: 396 DSM. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM, IV. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV DTaP. See Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine DTP. See Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine

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Duchene muscular dystrophy S 3: 534 Ductus deferens B 2: 207, 211 Duodenum B 1: 42, 48, 50, 59 S 4: 786 Dura mater B 2: 182 Dysfunction H 3: 324 Dyslexia S 2: 266–70 H 3: 324, 330, 331 (ill.). See also Learning disorders Dysmenorrhea. See Cramps Dyssomnia S 4: 690 Dysthymic disorder S 2: 244–246 Dystonia S 1: 171

E E. coli. See Escherichia coli Ear B 2: 320, 322, 323, 329, 330 S 2: 274 (ill.) H 1: 45–46, 47 (ill.) acupuncture in H 2: 283, 291 Ear, hearing loss in. See Hearing loss Ear candling H 1: 46 Ear piercing H 1: 47, 47 (ill.) Earache S 2: 271–76 Eardrum B 2: 321, 322, 330 Earphones healthy ears and H 1: 46 Earplugs H 1: 46 Eating good nutrition and H 1: 1–5 illness prevention and H 2: 205–12. See also Nutrition


Emery –Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

Eating disorders B 1: 54, 55 S 1: 61 H 1: 21; 3: 355–79 body image and H 3: 377–79 causes of H 3: 361–66 consequences of H 3: 366–71, 369 (ill.) definitions for H 3: 356 other destructive behaviors and H 3: 371 preventing H 3: 376–77, 376 (ill.) recovery from H 3: 375 sexuality and H 3: 371–72 statistics of H 3: 359 treatment for H 3: 372–75 types of H 3: 355–61 Eating habits H 1: 26–28, 27 (ill.). See also Nutrition Ebola S 2: 379, 380 (ill.) Eccrine glands B 1: 103, 107 Echinacea H 2: 236, 240, 261–62, 261 (ill.) Echocardiogram S 1: 88 Ecstasy (Drug) H 3: 394 ECT. See Electroconvulsive therapy Ectomorphs H 1: 18 Eczema H 1: 37 Edema H 3: 356 Education continuing H 2: 166 professional training (See Training) EEG. See Electroencephalogram (EEG) Effects of marijuana H 3: 390 Eggs in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Ego (Psychology) H 3: 410, 412–13 Egypt chiropractic and H 2: 284 reflexology in H 2: 289 Ehrlich, Paul S 4: 661, 754

Eidetic memory. See Photographic memory Einstein, Albert B 2: 187 Ejaculation B 2: 211 H 1: 58, 60 Ejaculatory duct B 2: 207, 211 Elbows sports injuries to H 2: 230 tennis and (See Tennis elbow) Eldepryl S 3: 574 Elderly, Medicare for H 2: 148–50 Electricity, safety with H 2: 226–28 Electrocardiogram S 1: 88; 2: 277 Electroconvulsive therapy S 1: 118, 121; 2: 249 Electroencephalogram (EEG) S 2: 280, 291 Electrologists H 1: 32 Electrolysis, for hair removal H 1: 42 Electrolytes S 2: 299, 367 Electromagnetic waves S 4: 613 Electromagnetism H 2: 270 Electromyography S 1: 158 Elevation, exercise-related injuries and H 1: 108 Ellis, Albert H 3: 421, 423–24 Embryo B 2: 223, 226 Emergence: Labeled Autistic S 1: 106 Emergencies. See Medical emergencies Emergency medical technicians H 2: 174–76, 175 (ill.) Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy S 3: 534

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Emissions

Emissions H 1: 112 Emotional intimacy H 1: 70 Emotions, food and H 1: 21 Empathy H 3: 324 Emphysema B 2: 254, 257 S 1: 129; 2: 276–83 H 2: 206 Empty chair technique, in Gestalt therapy H 3: 419–20 EMT-Basic H 2: 175 EMT-Intermediate H 2: 175–76 EMT-Paramedic H 2: 175–76 EMTs. See Emergency medical technicians Enamel, on teeth B 1: 36 H 1: 32, 43 Encephalitis S 1: 104; 2: 283–87; 3: 506 Encephalopathy S 1: 215 Encouragement, for improving learning H 3: 311 Enders, John F. S 3: 532 Endocardium B 1: 3 Endocrine disrupters H 1: 112, 131–36, 133 (ill.) Endocrine glands B 1: 65; 2: 302 Endocrine system B 1: 44, 65–95, 68 (ill.) H 1: 131 Endometrial cancer B 2: 234. See also Cancer Endometriosis B 2: 228 Endometrium B 2: 217, 221, 224, 228, 234 H 1: 58, 64

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Endomorphs H 1: 18 Endorphins H 1: 86, 91; 2: 240; 3: 356 acetaminophen and H 2: 244 Endoscope S 4: 786 Endoskeleton B 2: 263 Endurance H 1: 86, 87 Enema S 1: 195, 197, 223 H 3: 356 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357 Energy in acupuncture (See Qi) metabolism H 3: 429–31 nutrients and H 1: 3–4 physical activity and H 1: 90 snacking and H 1: 16 Entomophobia H 3: 345 Enuresis. See Bed-wetting Environment, personal for learning H 3: 311 mental development and H 3: 297–301 Environmental estrogen H 1: 132 Environmental health H 1: 111–37 endocrine disrupters and H 1: 131–36 indoor air pollution and H 1: 122–31 outside air pollution and H 1: 119–22 pesticides and H 1: 116–19 radiation and H 1: 112–15 Environmental medicine H 2: 278 Environmental Protection Agency on air quality standards H 1: 121 asbestos and H 1: 126 on indoor air pollution H 1: 125 pesticide manufacturing and H 1: 117 on radiation exposure H 1: 114, 115 on radiation sources H 1: 112 Environmental tobacco smoke H 1: 112, 122, 123, 123 (ill.), 129 illness prevention and H 2: 209 Enzymes H 1: 2; 2: 206


Exoskeleton

protein in H 1: 3 Eosinophils B 1: 14 EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency Ephedra H 2: 240, 262–64 Ephedrine from ephedra H 2: 263 Epicardium B 1: 3 Epidemics H 1: 32 Epidemiology H 3: 356 Epidermis B 1: 98–100, 105, 106, 111, 116 Epididymis B 2: 207, 211 H 1: 58, 60 Epiglottis B 1: 47; 2: 241 Epilepsy B 2: 199, 200 S 2: 287–94 Epinephrine B 1: 69, 74, 84 Epiphysis B 2: 266 Epithelium S 1: 148 Epstein–Barr disease S 1: 186 Epstein–Barr virus S 3: 423 Equipment, sports H 2: 228 (ill.), 229–30, 231 (ill.) Erections H 1: 61 Erikson, Erik H 3: 303–5 Erythrocytes B 1: 11, 13 Escherichia coli S 2: 299, 300 (ill.), 302 Esophagus B 1: 39, 47; 2: 241, 243 H 2: 206

Essential fatty acids, in recovery from drug addiction H 3: 401 Estrogens B 1: 74, 80, 85; 2: 219, 221, 224 H 1: 58, 64 environmental H 1: 132 Ethambutol S 4: 779 ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke Euphoric H 3: 382 Eustachian tube B 2: 322 S 1: 199 Event massage H 2: 287. See also Sports massage Evoked potential test S 3: 521, 525 Exercise H 1: 86, 89 (ill.) aerobic (See Aerobic exercises) anaerobic H 1: 88–89 in bioenergetics H 3: 430 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357 cramps and H 1: 67 dangers of H 1: 106–8 history of H 1: 88 in illness prevention H 2: 206, 212–13 massage therapy and H 2: 287 memory and H 3: 308 as mental health therapy H 3: 439 vs. physical activity H 1: 95 PMS and H 2: 255 in recovery from drug addiction H 3: 401 in stress reduction H 2: 214, 215 weight management and H 1: 22. See also Physical activity; Physical fitness Exercise addiction H 1: 108, 405–6; 3: 356 eating disorders and H 3: 360–61 effects on the body H 3: 367–68, 368 (ill.) Exhalation B 2: 246, 247 Existential therapies H 3: 410, 417–18 Exocrine glands B 1: 65, 97 Exoskeleton B 2: 263

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Expectorants

Expectorants H 2: 240, 252 Experimental care, vs. alternative H 2: 161 External oblique muscles B 1: 160 External otitis. See Swimmer’s ear External respiration B 1: 21; 2: 248 Extinction, in classical conditioning H 3: 422 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis S 4: 776, 777 Extreme sports H 1: 102, 103 (ill.) Extroversion H 3: 298 in Jungian psychology H 3: 415 nature vs. nurture and H 3: 300, 302 Eye B 2: 316–20, 318 (ill.), 327 S 1: 212 (ill.) iridology and H 2: 291 optometrists and H 2: 182–83 sports injuries to H 2: 229. See also Ophthalmologists; Vision Eye, internal view of S 2: 327 (ill.) Eye, rods and cones of S 1: 192 (ill.) Eyelashes B 2: 320 Eyelids B 2: 320 Eyesight, problems with. See Vision disorders

F Face masks H 2: 229 Facial hair in boys H 1: 41, 41 (ill.), 62. See also Hair Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy S 3: 535 Fact knowledge, memory and H 3: 306 Factitious disorders H 3: 350

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Fad diets H 1: 22. See also Diet Fallopian tubes B 2: 214, 216, 216 (ill.), 220, 221 H 1: 58, 64 Falls, prevention of H 2: 220–22, 221 (ill.) Families eating disorders and H 3: 364–65 substance abuse and H 3: 386 Family services social workers H 2: 198 Family therapy H 3: 374, 436 Farley, Chris H 3: 384 (ill.), 385 Farming, pesticides in H 1: 116–18, 118 (ill.) Farsightedness B 2: 335 FAS. See Fetal alcohol syndrome Fascicle B 1: 157 Fasting, bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357 Fasting hypoglycemia S 2: 414, 415 Fat excess H 1: 18 fitness and H 3: 378–79 Fatigue, food and H 1: 21 Fats H 1: 2 calories from H 1: 4–5 in dietary guidelines H 1: 4 in food pyramid H 1: 6, 6 (ill.), 12–15 in fruits and vegetables H 1: 8–9 in grain products H 1: 8 in healthy diets H 1: 14–15 in meat products H 1: 12 in milk H 1: 9–11 as nutrients H 1: 3–4 in preventing illness H 2: 208 snacking and H 1: 16 Fauci, Anthony S. B 1: 137, 137 (ill.) FDA. See Food and Drug Administration


Fitzgerald, William

Fecal occult blood test S 1: 195 Feces B 1: 44, 49 Federal Environmental Pest Control Amendment H 1: 117 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act H 1: 117 Fee-for-service H 2: 140 vs. managed care H 2: 143–48 Medicaid and H 2: 150–51 Medicare and H 2: 150 Feet. See Foot Fellatio H 1: 58, 72 Fellowships, for physicians H 2: 166, 190 Female condoms H 1: 73 Female hormone system B 1: 76 (ill.) Females genital care for H 1: 49–53 puberty in H 1: 62–67, 63 (ill.) Feminine hygiene aids H 1: 51–53, 51 (ill.) Feminism, hair removal and H 1: 41 Femur B 2: 267, 273 Fertility, intrauterine devices and H 1: 76 Fertilization (human) B 2: 221, 223, 225 (ill.) H 1: 64 Fetal alcohol syndrome S 3: 516 H 3: 396 Fetal development B 2: 226 Fetus B 2: 226 environmental estrogen and H 1: 132 Fever B 1: 135 aspirin for H 2: 242 Fever blisters S 2: 395

Feverfew H 2: 240, 264 Fiber as carbohydrate H 1: 3 in fruits and vegetables H 1: 8–9 in grain products H 1: 8 in healthy diets H 2: 206–7 Fibrin S 2: 371, 372 Fibrinogen B 1: 11 Fibromyalgia S 1: 186 Fibula B 2: 274 Field, Tiffany H 2: 290 FIFRA. See Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Figure skating. See Skating Filoviruses S 2: 379 Filtration B 1: 20; 2: 300 Fimbriae B 2: 217 Fingernails. See Nails Fingerprints B 1: 100 Finsen, Niels Tyberg S 4: 656 Fire sprinkler systems S 4: 703 Firearms, safety with H 2: 227, 227 (ill.) Fireplaces, indoor air pollution from H 1: 124, 129 Fish endocrine disruption in H 1: 133 in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Fissures B 2: 186 Fistula S 1: 223 Fitness. See Physical fitness Fitzgerald, William H 2: 290

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Flagellum

Flagellum B 2: 210 Flatus B 1: 49 Flaviviruses S 2: 380, 381 Flesh–eating disease S 2: 295–98, 296 (ill.) Flexibility H 1: 89 (ill.), 91; 2: 294 Flexor carpi muscles B 1: 161 Flexor digitorum muscles B 1: 161 Florida Everglades, endocrine disruption in H 1: 133 Flossing H 1: 43, 43 (ill.); 2: 216 Flu. See Influenza Flu shots H 2: 220 Flumandine S 3: 430 Fluorescent lights, learning and H 3: 312 Fluoride H 1: 32 Fluoxetine S 3: 599 Fluroxamine S 1: 108 Folic acid deficiency anemia S 1: 54 Follicle-stimulating hormone B 1: 79, 85; 2: 219 H 1: 64 Fontanels B 2: 268 Food allergies and intolerances H 2: 210–12 (See also specific intolerances, e.g., Lactose intolerance) illness prevention and H 2: 210 organic H 1: 135 (ill.). See also Junk food; Nutrition Food and Drug Administration approving new drugs H 2: 156, 254–55 classification of OTC drugs H 2: 238 on drug labeling H 2: 248 OTC vs. prescription drugs H 2: 245

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on radiation H 1: 115 Food groups H 1: 6 Food guide pyramid H 1: 4, 5–14, 6 (ill.); 2: 206. See also Nutrition Food irradiation S 2: 301 Food poisoning S 2: 298–309 H 2: 210 Food service employees H 2: 173 Foot in reflexology H 2: 283, 289–91, 291 (ill.) Foot, bone structure of B 2: 277 (ill.) Foot protection, in sports H 2: 229 Foot ringworm. See Athlete’s foot Foreskin B 2: 214 H 1: 54–55 Formats, of mental health therapies H 3: 435–39 Formularies, for HMOs H 2: 140, 157 Foster care H 2: 150 Fracture B 2: 280, 281, 282 (ill.), 285 Fractures, sprains, and strains S 2: 309–17, 311 (ill.), 312 (ill.) Fragile X syndrome S 1: 104 Freckles B 1: 100 Free association H 3: 413 Free radicals H 2: 206 from smoking H 2: 209 French, Thomas Morton H 3: 415 French kissing H 1: 70, 81 Freud, Sigmund H 3: 411–14, 412 (ill.)


Genetics

Fried foods, in preventing illness H 2: 208 Friends, fitness with H 1: 98 (ill.), 104–5, 105 (ill.) Frontal lobe B 2: 186, 187 Frontalis muscle B 1: 159 Frostbite S 2: 317–22, 419 Fruits carbohydrates from H 1: 8 in dietary guidelines H 1: 5 in food pyramid H 1: 6, 6 (ill.), 8–9, 9 (ill.) in healthy diets H 1: 14; 2: 207 FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone Fun, fitness and H 1: 103–4 Fungi H 1: 32; 2: 206 causing jock itch H 1: 54 nail infections and H 1: 48–49 Fungicides H 1: 117

G GAF. See Global Assessment of Functioning Scale Gall bladder B 1: 45, 46, 48, 55, 57 Gallstones B 1: 55, 57 (ill.) H 1: 2 Galton, Francis B 1: 100 Gambling H 3: 403–4, 403 (ill.) Games, for memory improvement H 3: 309 (ill.) Gametes B 2: 207, 214 Gamma globulins B 1: 11 Gamma rays H 1: 113–14. See also Radiation Gangliosides S 4: 741, 743 (ill.)

Gangrene S 1: 88; 2: 295 Gardner, Howard H 3: 316 Gardnerella H 1: 50 Garland, Judy H 3: 385 Garlic H 2: 208, 208 (ill.), 236, 264–65 Gases, indoor air pollution from H 1: 123–24 Gasoline lead in H 1: 121 poisoning from H 2: 225 Gastric glands B 1: 41 Gastric juice B 1: 41, 47 Gastric ulcer S 4: 786 Gastrocnemius muscle B 1: 162 Gastroenterology H 2: 187 Gastrointestinal system S 1: 223, 228 Gays. See Homosexuality Gehrig, Lou S 1: 49 (ill.) Gel electrophoresis S 4: 670 Gender, self-esteem and H 3: 305 Gene therapy S 1: 232 Generic drugs H 2: 140, 156, 157 Genetic diseases, from radiation H 1: 114 Genetic predisposition H 2: 270 Genetic testing S 4: 713 Genetics H 3: 299 (ill.), 325, 382 acne and H 1: 36 autism and H 3: 336

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Genital care

Genetics (continued) bed-wetting and H 3: 337 bipolar disorder and H 3: 341 eating disorders and H 3: 361–62 major depression and H 3: 339 mental development and H 3: 297–301 mental retardation and H 3: 331–32 panic disorder and H 3: 346 reading disorders and H 3: 330 substance abuse and H 3: 386 weight and body shape in H 1: 18–19 Genital care for females H 1: 49–53 for males H 1: 53–55, 54 (ill.) Genital herpes B 2: 231 S 2: 396 H 1: 80–81 Genital warts B 2: 231 S 4: 660, 801 H 1: 82. See also Sexually transmitted diseases Genitalia B 2: 207, 214, 217 H 1: 32 female H 1: 49–53 male H 1: 53–55 Geriatric H 2: 166 German measles. See Rubella Germany, health care systems in H 2: 142 Gerontological services social workers H 2: 199 Gestalt therapy H 3: 410, 419–20 GHB (Drug) H 3: 394 Gigantism B 1: 87 Gilles de la Tourette, George S 4: 765 Ginger, for indigestion H 2: 235, 236 Gingivitis S 3: 579 H 1: 32, 33, 43–44, 44, 44 (ill.); 2: 209, 216 Ginkgo biloba H 2: 240, 265–66, 266 (ill.)

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Ginseng H 2: 237, 240, 266–67 Girls. See Females Glands B 1: 65, 67, 69 H 1: 32 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 Glaucoma B 2: 335, 337, 337 (ill.), 338 S 2: 323–28 Glaucoma test S 2: 326 (ill.) Glasser, William H 3: 425 Glial cells B 2: 182 Gliomas S 1: 149 Global Assessment of Functioning Scale H 3: 326 Glomerular filtration B 2: 301 Glomerulonephritis B 2: 305–07 Glomerulus B 2: 295, 301, 306 Glossophobia H 3: 345 Glottis B 2: 241 Glucagon B 1: 74, 82 Glucose B 1: 82, 83, 90, 91, 165, 166; 2: 246 S 2: 251 Glue, as inhalant H 3: 395, 395 (ill.) Gluten intolerance H 2: 212 Gluteus maximus muscle B 1: 161, 162 Glycogen B 1: 82, 165 Goal-setting, sports and H 1: 93, 102 Goggles, for sports safety H 2: 229


Habits

Goiter B 1: 92, 92 (ill.) Gonadotropic hormones B 1: 78, 79 Gonads B 1: 74–76, 79; 2: 207, 219 Gonorrhea B 2: 231 S 4: 660 H 1: 80 Goodpasture’s syndrome S 1: 110 Gout S 1: 68, 73 Graham, Sylvester H 2: 270 Grahamism H 2: 270 Grain group in dietary guidelines H 1: 5 in food pyramid H 1: 6, 6 (ill.), 7–8 Grand mal S 2: 288 Grandin, Temple S 1: 106 H 3: 335 Granules S 2: 334 Grapefruit juice H 2: 249 Grave’s disease B 1: 92, 144 S 1: 111 Gray matter B 1: 69; 2: 182, 186, 188 Great Lakes, endocrine disruption in H 1: 133 Greater vestibular glands B 2: 217, 218 Greece, physical activity in H 1: 88 Green, George F. S 4: 763 Greenwood, John S 4: 763 Grievances, in health care management H 2: 163 Groin ringworm. See Jock itch

Group A streptococcus S 4: 623, 726 (ill.) Group homes, for mental retardation H 3: 332 Group therapy H 3: 436–38, 437 (ill.) for eating disorders H 3: 374 for PTSD H 3: 349 Growth hormone B 1: 78, 87–89 Guillemin, Roger B 1: 70, 70 (ill.) Guilt, eating disorders and H 3: 370–71 Gull, Sir William H 3: 358 Gum disease. See Gingivitis Guns. See Firearms Gustation B 2: 324 Gustatory cells B 2: 324, 332 Gymnastics H 1: 95 eating disorders and H 3: 360 (ill.) exercise addiction and H 3: 361 Gynecology H 2: 187 Gyri B 2: 186

H H-1 blockers. See Antihistamines H-2 antagonists H 2: 246 Habits H 3: 381–408 addiction and H 3: 381–83 alcoholism and H 3: 395–97 caffeine and H 3: 398 compulsive behaviors H 3: 403–7 depressants and H 3: 387–90 of eating (See Eating habits) hallucinogens and H 3: 393–95 inhalants and H 3: 395 nicotine and H 3: 397–98 stimulants and H 3: 390–93 substance abuse as H 3: 384–86

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Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine

Habits (continued) treatment for addiction and H 3: 399–403 Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine H 2: 219 Hahnemann, Samuel H 2: 270–71, 273–74, 273 (ill.) Hair B 1: 97, 100, 101, 106 H 1: 38–42, 62; 2: 217 Hair conditioners H 1: 40 Hair follicle B 1: 102 (ill.) Hairy leukoplakia of the tongue S 1: 16 Hales, Stephen S 2: 410 Halitosis. See Bad breath Haller, Victor Albrecht von B 1: 163, 163 (ill.) Hallucinations H 2: 241; 3: 325, 382 from hallucinogens H 3: 393–94 in psychoses H 3: 342 Hallucinogens H 3: 393–95 Hammer bone B 2: 322 Hamstring muscles B 1: 162 Handguns. See Firearms Hands, washing H 1: 31–33, 34 (ill.); 2: 211 (ill.), 216 Hangnails H 1: 32, 47 Hangovers H 3: 382 from alcohol H 3: 396 from marijuana use H 3: 390 Hantavirus infections S 2: 329–33, 331 (ill.) Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) S 2: 330, 331 Harassment, sexual. See Sexual harassment Harrington, George F. S 4: 763 Harvey, William B 1: 7, 7 (ill.)

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S 2: 410 Hashimoto’s disease B 1: 93 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis S 1: 111 Hashish H 3: 389, 390 Hawking, Stephen S 1: 51 (ill.) Hay fever S 2: 333–39. See also Allergies HBV. See Hepatitis B vaccine Head gear, for sports safety H 2: 228 (ill.), 229 Head injury S 2: 340–45. See also Concussion Head lice H 1: 40, 40 (ill.); 2: 217 Headache B 2: 202 S 2: 346–51 aspirin for H 2: 242 calcium to prevent H 2: 208, 233 ginkgo biloba and H 2: 266 riboflavin to prevent H 2: 208 Health environmental (See Environmental health) mental (See Mental health) Health care careers H 2: 165–203 acupuncturists H 2: 165–68 art therapists H 2: 168–69 chiropractors H 2: 169–71 dentists H 2: 171–72 dietitians H 2: 172–74 emergency medical technicians H 2: 174–76 health services administrators H 2: 177–78 mental health counselors H 2: 178–80 occupational therapists H 2: 180–82 optometrists H 2: 182–83 pharmacists H 2: 183–85 physical therapists H 2: 185–87 physicians H 2: 187–89 psychologists H 2: 190–92 radiological technologists H 2: 193–95 registered nurses H 2: 195–97 social workers H 2: 197–99 speech-language pathologists H 2: 199–201 Health care social workers H 2: 198


Hemorrhage

Health care systems H 2: 139–64 alternative care and H 2: 158–60 chronic conditions and H 2: 155–58 description of H 2: 139–42 emergencies and H 2: 151–55 managed care (See Managed care) Medicaid as H 2: 150–51 Medicare as H 2: 148–50 mental health and H 2: 161–63 national H 2: 141 substance abuse and H 2: 161–63 U.S. vs. foreign H 2: 142–43 Health insurance. See Health care systems Health maintenance organizations H 2: 145–47 community dietitians in H 2: 174 Medicare and H 2: 150 nurses in H 2: 196 physicians in H 2: 188 Health psychology. See Behavioral medicine Health services administrators H 2: 177–78 Hearing. See Special senses, hearing Hearing aids B 2: 322 Hearing loss S 2: 351–55 Hearing tests H 2: 220. See also Ear Heart B 1: 1–3, 5, 6 (ill.) Heart, fitness of. See Cardiovascular fitness Heart attack B 1: 24, 27, 29, 30 S 2: 355–63 Heart disease H 1: 2 aspirin for H 2: 243, 243 (ill.) congenital H 2: 189 with decongestants H 2: 250 dietary guidelines and H 1: 5 fats and H 1: 13 fruits and vegetables and H 1: 8 nutrition and H 1: 1–3, 4 Heart murmur B 1: 25, 26 S 2: 363–66 Heart rate B 1: 18, 19, 30

Heart transplant B 1: 25, 26 Heart valves B 1: 5, 25, 26 Heartburn B 1: 56, 58 (ill.) Heartburn, alginic acid for H 2: 246 Heat cramps S 2: 367 Heat disorders S 2: 367–71 Heat exhaustion S 2: 368 Heat stroke S 2: 368 H 1: 86 Heaters, indoor air pollution from H 1: 124, 129–30 Heidegger, Martin H 3: 418 Heights, fear of. See Acrophobia Helicobacter pylori S 4: 786 Heliophobia H 3: 345 Helmets, for sports safety H 2: 228 (ill.), 229 Helper T cells B 1: 136, 137, 141 Hemiplegia S 1: 171 Hemodialysis B 2: 300 (ill.), 304 S 2: 330 Hemoglobin B 1: 12, 27; 2: 249 S 4: 670 H 2: 207 Hemolytic anemia S 1: 55 Hemophilia B 1: 26 S 1: 16; 2: 371–77 Hemophilia, genetic transmission of S 2: 374 (ill.) Hemorrhage S 2: 372

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Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) S 2: 329, 330 Hemorrhagic fevers S 2: 378–84. See also Hantavirus infections Hemorrhoids H 2: 207, 241 medicine for H 2: 253 Hendrix, Jimi H 3: 385 Henle’s loop B 2: 295 Henrich, Christy H 3: 360 (ill.) Henry, Edward R. B 1: 100 Hepatic portal circulation B 1: 22 Hepatitis B 1: 56, 57 S 2: 384–91 H 2: 207 drug needles and H 3: 386 Hepatitis A virus S 2: 388 (ill.) Hepatitis B vaccine H 2: 219 Hepatitis B virus S 2: 390 (ill.) Herbal medicine H 2: 232, 234, 236–37, 260–68, 261 (ill.), 262 (ill) Herbicides H 1: 112, 117 Hereditary diseases, from radiation H 1: 114 Hering, Constantine H 2: 271–72 Hering’s laws of cures H 2: 274–75 Hermaphrodites, endocrine disrupters and H 1: 132–33 Hernia S 2: 391–95 Hernia, abdominal S 2: 393 (ill.) Herniated disc B 2: 281

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Heroic medicine H 2: 272 Heroin addiction to H 3: 387 (ill.) methadone maintenance and H 3: 400 Herpes infections S 2: 395–400 Herpes simplex virus B 2: 232 Herpes simplex 2 virus H 1: 80–81 Herpes virus S 1: 211; 3: 423 H 1: 80–81 Heterosexuality H 1: 70 HHS. See Department of Health and Human Services Hib vaccines H 2: 219 Hiccuping B 2: 258 High blood pressure. See Hypertension High-impact aerobics H 1: 93. See also Aerobic exercises Hiking H 1: 95–96 Hilus B 2: 294, 297 Hinton, William Augustus B 2: 233, 233 (ill.) Hip joint, artificial B 2: 274 (ill.) Hippocampus B 2: 188 Hippocrates aspirin and H 2: 242 homeopathy and H 2: 273 Histamine H2 antagonists H 2: 246 Histamines B 1: 83, 135, 142 S 1: 32; 2: 334 H 2: 207, 248 Histrionic personality disorder H 3: 352 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) B 1: 140–42; 2: 230 S 1: 14–16; 3: 583; 4: 660


Hymen

H 1: 79–80 birth control and H 1: 73–75 heroin addicts and H 3: 400 risk with drug needles H 3: 386 HMOs. See Health maintenance organizations Hodgkin’s disease S 2: 401–06, 403 (ill.). See also Cancer Hodgkin’s lymphoma B 1: 146–48 Hodgkin’s lymphoma cell B 1: 148 (ill.) Hoffman, Felix H 2: 242 Holistic H 2: 166, 270 Holistic diagnoses H 2: 274 Holyfield, Evander H 2: 286 (ill.) Homeopathy H 2: 269–75 history of H 2: 270–73 naturopathy and H 2: 276, 278 principles of H 2: 273–75 today H 2: 275 Homeostasis B 1: 15, 65, 77, 104; 2: 194 Homosexuality H 1: 70–71 AIDS and H 1: 80 Hoon, Shannon H 3: 385 Hormone therapy S 1: 148, 155; 3: 558 Hormones B 1: 65, 77, 78; 2: 302 H 1: 2, 32; 2: 270 anorexia nervosa and H 3: 366 in birth control pills H 1: 73–74 causing acne H 1: 34–35; 2: 240–41 cortisone as H 2: 247–48 crushes and H 1: 68 in puberty H 1: 59–60, 61, 64–67 Hornbacher, Marya H 3: 373 Household injuries H 2: 220–28

Household products indoor air pollution from H 1: 125–26, 130, 130 (ill.) poisoning from H 2: 224–25, 224 (ill.) Households, creativity and H 3: 320 Huffing H 3: 395 Hug box S 1: 106 Hull House H 2: 199 Human immunodeficiency virus. See HIV Human papilloma virus. See Genital warts Humane H 3: 325 Humanistic H 3: 410 Humanistic therapy H 3: 414–17 Humerus B 2: 272 Humor, stress management and H 2: 214 Huntington’s disease B 2: 201, 202 Hydrocephalus S 3: 516; 4: 711 Hydrochloric acid B 1: 41, 134 Hydrogen peroxide, for whitening teeth H 1: 45 Hydrophobia. See Rabies Hydroxyurea S 4: 670 Hygiene H 1: 31–56 body and H 1: 31–34 ears and H 1: 45–46 female genital care and H 1: 49–53 hair and H 1: 38–42 in illness prevention H 2: 206, 216–17 male genital care and H 1: 53–55 nails and H 1: 46–49 skin and H 1: 34–38 teeth and H 1: 42–44 Hymen B 2: 217 H 1: 58, 63–64

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Hyoid bone

Hyoid bone B 2: 267, 268 Hyperactivity ADHD and H 3: 326 in Tourette’s disorder H 3: 336 Hyperbaric chamber S 2: 239 Hypericin, in St. John’s Wort H 2: 267 Hypermobility S 4: 746 Hyperopia B 2: 335, 336, 336 (ill.) S 4: 794, 796 (ill.) Hypersomnia S 2: 244; 4: 690 Hypertension B 1: 26, 27; 2: 305 S 2: 406–13, 411 (ill.) H 3: 356 with decongestants H 2: 250 Hyperthermia S 2: 367 Hyperthyroidism B 1: 91, 92, 144 S 3: 516 Hypnosis H 3: 410 Hypnotherapy H 3: 435 for dissociative identity disorders H 3: 351 Hypnotics and sedatives, with antihistamines H 2: 250 Hypoallergenic H 1: 33 Hypoglycemia S 2: 413–18 Hypomania H 3: 341 Hypothalamus B 1: 69, 70, 78–80, 83, 84, 88, 107, 135; 2: 184, 186 Hypothermia S 2: 419–22 Hypothesize H 2: 270 Hypothyroidism B 1: 93

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Hypotonia S 1: 171 Hysterical blindness H 3: 349

I Iatrogenic S 1: 215 Ibuprofen H 2: 241, 244–45 ICD. See International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death Ice, exercise-related injuries and H 1: 108 Ice skating H 1: 96, 97 (ill.) Ichthyophobia H 3: 345 Id (Psychology) H 3: 410, 412–13 Identical twins H 3: 298 Identity, confusion regarding H 3: 304 Idiopathic epilepsy S 2: 288 Idiopathic hypoglycemia S 2: 414 Idiot savant H 3: 334 Ileocecal valve B 1: 42, 48 Ileum B 1: 42, 48 Ilium B 2: 272 Illnesses. See Diseases Immune system B 1: 14, 123 S 1: 69, 111 H 1: 86; 2: 207 garlic and H 2: 265 physical activity and H 1: 90 sleep deprivation and H 2: 216 Immunity B 1: 65, 82, 123, 130, 133, 136–39


Injury prevention

Immunization B 1: 139 H 2: 206, 207, 219 (ill.), 220. See also Vaccines Immunotherapy S 1: 148, 155; 2: 337 Impotence B 2: 226 In vitro fertilization B 2: 223 (ill.), 224 Incest H 1: 83 Incinerators H 1: 112 Incontinence B 2: 304, 309 Indemnity plans H 2: 140, 143 Independent practice associations H 2: 146–47 India, physical activity in H 1: 88 Indigenous H 2: 241 Indigestion, medicine for H 2: 232, 234–35 Individual phenomenology H 3: 417 Individual therapy H 3: 374, 435–36 Individualism, mental health and H 3: 303–5, 304 (ill.) Indoor air pollution H 1: 122–31 Industrial H 1: 112 Industrial chemicals, endocrine disrupters from H 1: 131 Industrial/organizational psychologists H 2: 191. See also Psychologists Inert elements H 1: 112, 117 Infants massage therapy and H 2: 290 temperament and H 3: 303 Infection H 1: 33 from ear piercing H 1: 47 in ears H 1: 45–46

of genital area H 1: 49 groin (See Jock itch) in gums H 1: 44 in nails H 1: 47, 48–49 STDs (See Sexually transmitted diseases) vaginal (See Vaginitis) Infectious mononucleosis S 3: 423–27 Infinitesimals H 2: 270 Inflammation B 1: 83, 135 acetaminophen and H 2: 244 aspirin for H 2: 242 cortisone for H 2: 248 ibuprofen for H 2: 245 St. John’s Wort for H 2: 267 Inflammatory bowel disease B 1: 57, 59 S 1: 222; 4: 781 Influenza S 3: 427–33 H 2: 220, 251 Influenza virus S 3: 428 (ill.) Information overload H 3: 404 Ingham, Eunice H 2: 290 Ingrown toenails H 1: 48 INH S 4: 779 Inhalants H 3: 382, 395, 395 (ill.) Inhalation B 2: 246–48 Inherent H 2: 270 Initiative, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 Injuries causing mental retardation H 3: 331 overuse H 2: 230 from physical activity H 1: 104, 106–8 prevention of (See Injury prevention) Injury prevention H 2: 220–32 cuts and burns H 2: 222–23, 222 (ill.) falls H 2: 220–22, 221 (ill.)

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Inline skating

Injury prevention (continued) household H 2: 220–28 poisoning H 2: 223–24, 224 (ill.) in recreation and sports H 2: 228–32 Inline skating H 1: 96 safety in H 2: 230, 231 (ill.) Innate H 3: 298 Inner ear H 1: 45. See also Ear Inpatient care, mental health H 2: 163 Insecticides H 1: 117, 128 Insight therapy H 3: 411, 412–20 existential therapies H 3: 417–18 Gestalt theory as H 3: 419–20 humanistic therapies H 3: 414–17 person-centered therapy H 3: 418–19 psychoanalysis as H 3: 412–14, 412 (ill.) Insomnia S 3: 434–39, 4: 690 H 2: 207, 216, 241, 258, 294 Instinctual learning H 3: 309. See also Learning Instructors, physicians as H 2: 190 Insulin B 1: 74, 82, 83, 90, 91 S 2: 256, 257 H 2: 207, 241 Insurance, health. See Health care systems Integumentary system B 1: 97–121, 99 (ill.); 2: 299 Intelligence H 3: 298 measurement of (See Intelligence quotient) mental health and H 3: 315–18 nature vs. nurture and H 3: 300, 300 (ill.) types of H 3: 316, 317 (ill.). See also Mental retardation Intelligence quotient H 3: 298, 316, 325, 331–32 Intelligence tests H 3: 316–18 Interactions, drug H 2: 183, 239, 241

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Intercostal muscles B 2: 246, 247 Intercourse, sexual. See Sexual intercourse Interferons B 1: 135 S 3: 454 Internal derangement S 4: 746 Internal respiration B 1: 19; 2: 248, 249 Internalized H 3: 325 International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death H 3: 326 Internet addiction H 3: 404–5, 404 (ill.) Interneurons B 2: 180 Internships H 2: 166 for physicians H 2: 190 for social workers H 2: 199 Interpersonal intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence Interpersonal therapy H 3: 339 Intervention, for drug abuse H 3: 401 Intestinal H 1: 33 Intestinal juice B 1: 42, 48 Intestinal perforation S 4: 781 Intimacy H 1: 70 Intracerebral hemorrhage S 4: 728 Intracranial hemorrhage S 2: 342 Intramuscular injection B 1: 169 (ill.) Intraocular pressure S 2: 324 Intrapersonal intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence


Keratin

Intrauterine devices H 1: 75 Intrinsic conduction system B 1: 5 Introversion H 3: 298 in Jungian psychology H 3: 415 nature vs. nurture and H 3: 302 Ionizing radiation H 1: 112–14. See also Radiation IPAs. See Independent practice associations IPV. See Polio vaccine IQ. See Intelligence quotient Iridology H 2: 270, 291 Iris B 2: 318, 332 Iron from meat group H 1: 12, 13 to prevent anemia H 2: 234 Iron deficiency anemia S 1: 54 H 1: 2, 13 Iron lung S 3: 592 Irrational H 3: 325 Irrigation, of ears H 1: 45 Irritable bowel syndrome S 3: 439–43 Isaacs, Alick S 3: 454 Ischium B 2: 272 Islets of Langerhans B 1: 74, 82, 83, 91 Isoniazid S 4: 779 Isotretinoin S 1: 2, 5 IUDs. See Intrauterine devices

J Jaspers, Karl H 3: 418

Jaundice S 2: 385 Jejunum B 1: 42, 48 Jenner, Edward B 1: 138, 138 (ill.) Jensen, Arthur H 3: 300 Jock itch S 4: 629 H 1: 54; 2: 217 Jockeys, exercise addiction and H 3: 361 Joints B 2: 266, 278–81, 283, 284 Joplin, Janis H 3: 385 Judgment, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 Juices H 1: 9 Julian, Percy S 2: 325 Jung, Carl Gustav H 3: 415–16 Junk food H 1: 15, 16 (ill.), 17 (ill.). See also Nutrition Juvenile arthritis S 3: 445–50. See also Arthritis Juvenile diabetes S 2: 252

K Kaposi’s sarcoma S 1: 17; 3: 451–55. See also Cancer Karyotype S 2: 260 Kassirer, Jerome P H 3: 378 Kellogg, John and Will H 2: 279 Keratin B 1: 99–101, 105, 116 H 1: 33 in hair H 1: 38 in nails H 1: 46

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Keratolytic skin ointments, for acne

Keratolytic skin ointments, for acne H 2: 242 Ketamine hydrochloride. See Special K Ketoacidosis S 2: 251 Ketoprofen H 2: 245 Kick boxing H 1: 95 Kidney cancer B 2: 307. See also Cancer Kidney dialysis B 2: 304 Kidney disease, bed-wetting and H 3: 337 Kidney failure, acute B 2: 305 Kidney failure, chronic B 2: 305 Kidney stones B 2: 307, 309 H 1: 2 Kidneys B 1: 74, 80–83, 107; 2: 293–95, 299, 301, 310 Killer T cells B 1: 136 Kindness, autism and H 3: 333 Kinesiology H 2: 270, 289 Kirkegaard, Soren H 3: 418 Kissing H 1: 70, 81 Kitasato, Shibasaburo S 4: 754 Kleptomania H 3: 382, 406, 406 (ill.) Knees running and (See Runner’s knee) Kneipp, Sebastian H 2: 277 Knowledge, memory and H 3: 306 Koch, Robert S 4: 754, 776 H 1: 35, 35 (ill.)

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Koplik’s spots S 3: 506 Kuru S 1: 218 Kybartas, Ray H 1: 104

L Labels, on OTC drugs H 2: 248 Labia majora B 2: 217 H 1: 49, 58, 63 Labia minora B 2: 217 H 1: 49, 58, 63 Labyrinth H 1: 45 Lachanophobia H 3: 345 Lacrimal glands B 2: 319, 332 Lactase H 2: 235 Lacteals B 1: 42, 48, 124, 132 Lactic acid B 1: 165, 166 Lactic acid, reflexology and H 2: 291 Lactiferous ducts B 2: 218 Lactobacillus acidophilus S 4: 723 Lactose intolerance B 1: 56 H 2: 212, 235–36, 235 (ill.) Language, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 310 Laniazid S 4: 779 Lanugo H 3: 356 anorexia nervosa and H 3: 366 Laparascopy S 1: 68


Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy

Laparotomy S 1: 68 Large intestine B 1: 42–44, 48, 53, 54, 57 Large intestine with irritable bowel syndrome S 3: 441 (ill.) Laryngitis S 3: 457–59 Larynx B 1: 47; 2: 239, 241, 268 S 3: 457 H 2: 207 Lasegue, Charles H 3: 358 Lasers for hair removal H 1: 42 for whitening teeth H 1: 45 Latissimus dorsi muscle B 1: 160, 162 Laughing B 2: 258 Law of effect H 3: 422 Law of infinitesimals H 2: 270, 273–74 Law of similars H 2: 269, 270, 273 Laxatives H 2: 241, 253–54, 256 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357, 367 Leaching H 1: 112, 134, 134 (ill.) Lead H 1: 112, 120–21, 120 (ill.) indoor air pollution from H 1: 127–28, 127 (ill.), 131 Lead poisoning S 3: 460–67 Lead poisoning, sources of S 3: 465 (ill.) H 1: 120 (ill.) Learning biology of H 3: 310–11 defining H 3: 298 games and H 3: 315 helps and hindrances for H 3: 311–12 kinds of H 3: 312–15 mental health and H 3: 309–15

Learning disorders S 3: 467–71 H 3: 325, 330–31. See also Dyslexia Leary, Timothy H 3: 393 Leeman, Susan E. B 2: 180, 180 (ill.) Left-side brain dominance H 3: 313 Legionnaire’s disease S 3: 584 Lens B 2: 318, 319, 327, 328, 332–35, 339 Lesbianism. See Homosexuality Leukemia B 1: 27 S 1: 149; 3: 471–78. See also Cancer Leukemia cells S 3: 474 (ill.) Leukocytes B 1: 14 Leukotriene modifiers S 1: 83 Levchuck, Sean G. H 2: 189, 189 (ill.) Levi-Montalcini, Rita B 2: 195, 195 (ill.) Libido hormone. See Testosterone Lice S 3: 478–81, 479 (ill.) head (See Head lice) pubic (See Crabs) Licensed H 2: 166 Life Goes On (Television program) H 3: 333 Life themes, in existential therapies H 3: 417–18 Lifting and carrying H 2: 232 (ill.) Ligaments B 2: 275, 281 S 2: 310 Light, learning and H 3: 312 Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy S 3: 534

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Limbic system

Limbic system B 2: 188, 331 Lindane S 3: 478 Lindenmann, Jean S 3: 454 Linguistic intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence Lipinski, Tara H 1: 97 (ill.) Lithotripsy B 2: 308 (ill.) Liver B 1: 22, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55–57, 65, 66, 82, 165, 166 Liver disease, acetaminophen and H 2: 244 Lock jaw. See Tetanus Locks, on handguns H 2: 227, 227 (ill.) Lokers H 3: 391 Long-term memory H 3: 306–7. See also Memory Losing, in sports H 1: 93 Lou Gehrig’s disease. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Love, vs. lust H 1: 71 Low blood sugar. See Hypoglycemia Low-impact aerobics H 1: 93. See also Aerobic exercises Lowen, Alexander H 3: 429–30 Lower esophageal sphincter B 1: 39, 47, 56, 58 Lower urinary tract infections S 1: 233 LSD (Drug) H 3: 393 Ludes. See Methaqualone Lumbar puncture S 1: 166 Lumpectomy S 1: 124, 125 (ill.), 126 Lung, collapsed. See Pneumothorax

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Lung cancer B 2: 257 S 3: 482–87, 486 (ill.) from environmental tobacco smoke H 1: 123 from radon H 1: 123–24 from uranium H 1: 114. See also Cancer Lung tissue S 2: 278 (ill.), 279 Lung transplantation S 1: 231 (ill.) Lungs B 1: 21; 2: 239, 243–45, 244 (ill.), 247, 248, 254, 259 capacity of H 1: 90 Lunula B 1: 103 Lupus B 1: 145, 145 (ill.) S 1: 110, 113 (ill.); 3: 487–92 Lust, Benedict H 2: 277 Lust, vs. love H 1: 71 Luteinizing hormone B 1: 79, 85; 2: 219, 220 Luvox S 1: 108 Lyme disease S 3: 492–97 Lymph B 1: 123–25, 128, 130, 132, 133, 135 Lymph, massage therapy and H 2: 287 Lymph capillaries B 1: 124, 132 Lymph nodes B 1: 127, 127 (ill.), 128, 130, 133, 139, 146, 147 S 1: 186 Lymph nodules B 1: 127 Lymph vessels B 1: 124, 127, 128 Lymphadenitis B 1: 146, 147 (ill.) Lymphangitis B 1: 146 Lymphatic system B 1: 1, 123–51, 126 (ill.) S 2: 401


Massage therapy

Lymphatics B 1: 124 Lymphocyte cell B 1: 131 (ill.) Lymphocytes B 1: 14, 15 (ill.), 82, 128, 130, 135, 139 S 1: 17 Lymphomas B 1: 146 S 1: 17, 149 Lysergic acid diethylamide. See LSD

M Ma Huang. See Ephedra Macrominerals H 2: 233. See also Minerals Macrophage B 1: 15 (ill.), 128–30, 135–37 S 1: 17 Mad cow disease. See Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Madonna H 1: 104, 104 (ill.); 3: 426 Magnesium in nutrition H 1: 4 in preventing illness H 2: 208, 234 Magnesium salts, as antacid H 2: 246 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) S 2: 280; 3: 522 (ill.) Maintenance massage H 2: 287. See also Sports massage Major depression H 3: 337–40, 339 (ill.) vs. bipolar depression H 3: 341 Makeup H 1: 38, 38 (ill.) Malaria S 3: 499–505 Malaria, transmission of S 3: 501 (ill.) Malathion S 3: 478 Males eating disorders and H 3: 361 endocrine disrupters and H 1: 132–33 genital care for H 1: 53–55, 54 (ill.) puberty in H 1: 58, 59–62, 63 (ill.)

Malignant melanoma B 1: 116 S 4: 678, 679 (ill.) Malingering H 3: 350 Malnutrition S 2: 419 Mammary glands B 1: 79, 80, 85; 2: 214, 218 Mammogram S 1: 124 The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat H 3: 333 Managed care alternative care and H 2: 158–60, 161 experimental care and H 2: 161 vs. fee-for-service H 2: 143–48, 146 (ill.) Medicaid and H 2: 150–51 Medicare and H 2: 149–50 mental health or substance abuse problems and H 2: 161–63 Managed indemnity H 2: 147–48 Management dietitians H 2: 174 Mandible B 2: 268 Mania S 1: 118 H 3: 341, 406 Manic depression. See Bipolar disorder Manicures H 1: 47 Mantoux text S 4: 774 Mantras H 3: 382 in drug rehabilitation H 3: 402 Manual H 2: 166 Marijuana H 3: 389–90 medicinal H 3: 389 Martial arts H 1: 96–97, 96 (ill.) Massage therapy H 2: 271, 285–89, 288 (ill.) for babies H 2: 290 in bioenergetics H 3: 431

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Masseter muscle

Massage therapy (continued) physical benefits of H 2: 287–88 psychological benefits of H 2: 288–89 sports massage as (See Sports massage) types of H 2: 285–87 Masseter muscle B 1: 159 Mast cells S 1: 32; 2: 334 Mastectomy S 1: 124, 126 Masters degree H 2: 166 Masturbation H 1: 58, 72, 81 Mathematical intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence Mathematics disorders H 3: 330 Maturation H 1: 58, 63 (ill.) Maxilla B 2: 268 MD. See Muscular dystrophy MDMA H 3: 394 Meals H 2: 212 eating habits and H 1: 26–27, 27 (ill.) Measles S 3: 505–09 Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine S 4: 634 H 2: 219 Meat in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 in healthy diets H 1: 14 Meconium ileus S 1: 227 Median nerve B 2: 198, 199 S 1: 158 Medic alert bracelets H 2: 158 Medicaid H 2: 141, 150–51 Medical emergencies H 2: 140, 152 (ill.), 153, 154 (ill.)

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chronic conditions in managed care and H 2: 157–58 health care systems and H 2: 151–55, 152 (ill.) vs. urgent care H 2: 152–55, 153 (ill.) Medical examinations. See Physical examinations Medical referral H 2: 141 for chronic conditions H 2: 156–58 in managed care systems H 2: 144–47, 148, 150 in physical therapy H 2: 185 Medical specialties H 2: 187, 188 in naturopathy H 2: 278. See also specific specialties, e.g., Psychologists Medicare H 2: 141, 148–50 Medications. See Drug therapy; Drugs Medicine alternative (See Alternative medicine) osteopathic H 2: 187 safety H 2: 225, 226 (ill.) specialties in (See Medical specialties) Medicine cabinet safety H 2: 225, 226 (ill.) Medigap H 2: 141, 149 Meditation H 3: 382, 428–29 in drug rehabilitation H 3: 401–2 in yoga H 2: 293–94, 293 (ill.) Meditative asanas H 2: 292 MedStop H 2: 153 (ill.) Medulla oblongata B 1: 18; 2: 184, 247 Mefloquine S 3: 500 Megakaryocytes B 1: 15 Melanin B 1: 100, 101, 106, 116, 118 Melanocytes B 1: 100, 106, 116, 118 Melanoma B 1: 116, 117 (ill.) S 1: 149 Melatonin B 1: 70, 80, 81


Mesomorphs

S 4: 655 Memory H 3: 298 Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 310–11 autism and H 3: 334–35 ginkgo biloba and H 2: 265 ginseng for H 2: 266 improving H 3: 308–9, 309 (ill.) kinds of H 3: 306–7 mental health and H 3: 305–9 physical activity and H 1: 91–92 power of H 3: 307 remembering and forgetting H 3: 307–8 Memory B cells B 1: 137–39 Memory disorders, with dissociative amnesia H 3: 351 Memory T cells B 1: 136, 137, 142 Menarche B 2: 221 H 1: 65. See also Menstruation Meniere’s disease B 2: 338 Meninges B 2: 182 S 3: 509 Meningitis S 3: 509–15 Menopause B 2: 221, 285 S 1: 124; 3: 558 Menses B 2: 221 Menstrual cycle B 2: 217, 221, 224 Menstruation B 1: 85; 2: 221, 224 H 1: 33, 51–53, 59, 64–67, 66 (ill.) iron-deficiency anemia and H 1: 13 nutrition and H 1: 7 Mental disorders. See Mental illness Mental health H 3: 297–321 creativity and H 3: 318–20 definitions for H 3: 298 intelligence and H 3: 316–18 learning and H 3: 309–15 memory and H 3: 305–9 nature vs. nurture H 3: 297–301

personality, individuality, and temperament H 3: 301–5 therapies (See Mental health therapies) Mental health counselors H 2: 178–80, 179 (ill.) Mental health social workers H 2: 198 Mental health therapies H 3: 409–39 behavior therapy (See Behavior therapy) cognitive H 3: 420–25 counseling (See Counseling) definitions for H 3: 410–11 formats of H 3: 435–39 insight therapy H 3: 412–20 nontraditional techniques in H 3: 426–35 psychotherapy H 3: 409–11 self-help H 3: 439 Mental illness H 3: 323–54 additional types of H 3: 349–53 ADHD and H 3: 325–28, 327 (ill.) anxiety disorders and H 3: 343–49 autism and H 3: 333–35, 334 (ill.) childhood disorders and H 3: 324–36 conduct disorder and H 3: 328–29 definitions for H 3: 324–25 learning disorders and H 3: 330–31 managed care and H 2: 161–63 mental retardation and H 3: 331–33, 332 (ill.) mood disorders as H 3: 337–41 nature vs. nurture and H 3: 301 oppositional defiant disorder and H 3: 329–30 schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders as H 3: 341–43 stuttering and H 3: 336 Tourette’s disorder and H 3: 335–36 Mental retardation S 2: 260; 3: 515–20 H 3: 331–33, 332 (ill.) causes of H 3: 331 in DSM, IV H 3: 326 mild retardation H 3: 333 from radiation H 1: 114 treatments for H 3: 332–33 Meridians, in acupuncture H 2: 166, 279, 280 (ill.) Mescaline H 3: 393 Mesomorphs H 1: 18

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Mesothelioma, from asbestos

Mesothelioma, from asbestos H 1: 127 Metabolism H 1: 2; 2: 241 breakfast and H 1: 28 diets and H 1: 22 Metacarpals B 2: 272, 273 (ill.) Metastasis S 1: 124, 148 Metatarsals B 2: 275 Methadone S 1: 8 Methadone maintenance H 3: 400 Methamphetamine H 3: 391 Methaqualone H 3: 389 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine H 3: 394 Methylphenidate S 1: 100, 108 Methylxanthines S 1: 83 Microdermabrasion B 1: 107 Microscopic H 1: 113 Microwave ovens, safety and H 1: 134 (ill.) Micturition B 2: 303 Midbrain B 2: 184 Middle ear H 1: 45. See also Ear Migraine B 2: 202, 203 Migraine headache, phases of S 2: 349 (ill.) Miliary tuberculosis S 4: 774 Milk in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 9–11, 11 (ill.) in healthy diets H 1: 14

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Miller, Reggie S 1: 209 (ill.) Millirems, to measure radiation H 1: 114 Mind exercise and H 1: 91–93 sports and H 1: 93 Minerals H 1: 2 in grain products H 1: 5 from milk group H 1: 9–10 as nutrients H 1: 3–4 in preventing illness H 2: 232, 233–34 Mini-meals H 2: 212 Mitral valve B 1: 5 Mixed nerves B 2: 182 MMR vaccine. See Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine Modeling (Psychology) H 3: 298, 410 for autism H 3: 335 in behavior therapy H 3: 423 observational learning and H 3: 315 Moderate mental retardation H 3: 333 Moderation, in eating H 1: 16–17 Monoamine oxidase, in St. John’s Wort H 2: 267 Monocytes B 1: 14 Mononucleosis S 3: 423. See also Infectious mononucleosis Monosodium glutamate H 2: 207 food intolerances and H 2: 212 Mons pubis B 2: 217 Mood disorders H 3: 337–41, 338 (ill.) Moods, Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 Moore, Matt S 4: 718 (ill.) Moreno, J.L H 3: 434


Myalgia

Morgagni, Giovanni Battista S 1: 224 Morrison, Jim H 3: 385 Mortality H 2: 271 Morton, Richard H 3: 358 Mosaic S 2: 260 Motion pictures, mental illness in H 3: 352 Motivation, schizophrenia and H 3: 342 Motor nerves B 2: 182 Motor neurons B 1: 163, 168–70; 2: 180 Motor tics S 4: 765 Motor unit B 1: 163, 167 Mouth B 1: 34, 36 (ill.), 46 Mouthwash, poisoning from H 2: 224 Mowrer, O.H. H 3: 337 Mowrer, W.M. H 3: 337 MPD. See Dissociative identity disorders MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MS. See Multiple sclerosis MSG. See Monosodium glutamate Mucolytic S 1: 227 Mucous membrane H 2: 207 Mucus B 2: 240, 243, 254 S 1: 227 Mucus production S 2: 336 (ill.) Multiple personality disorders. See Dissociative identity disorders Multiple sclerosis B 1: 144 (ill.), 145 S 3: 520–29

Mumps S 3: 529–34 Munchausen, Baron von H 3: 350 Munchausen-by-proxy syndrome H 3: 350 Munchausen syndrome H 3: 350 Muscle, artificial B 1: 160 Muscle, cardiac B 1: 154 Muscle, skeletal B 1: 153 Muscle, smooth B 1: 153 Muscle fatigue B 1: 165 Muscle fibers B 1: 156, 157, 162–65 Muscle growth H 1: 89, 89 (ill.) Muscle-tendon junction B 1: 161 (ill.) Muscle tone B 1: 167 Muscles H 1: 89 endurance of H 1: 88 (See also Endurance) Muscular dystrophy B 1: 168, 169 S 3: 534–42 Muscular system B 1: 153–73, 155 (ill.) Musculoskeletal H 2: 166 Music concerts, healthy ears and H 1: 46 during exercise H 1: 106 Music therapy H 2: 214; 3: 410, 433–34 Musical intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence Musicians, substance abuse and H 3: 385 Myalgia S 1: 186

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Myalgic encephalomyelitis

Myalgic encephalomyelitis. See Chronic fatigue syndrome Myasthenia gravis B 1: 169 S 1: 111 Mycobacteria S 4: 774 Mycobacterium tuberculosis S 4: 775 (ill.) Myctophobia H 3: 345 Myelin B 2: 179 S 3: 521 Myelograph S 4: 711 Myocardial infarction. See Heart attack Myocardium B 1: 3, 154 Myofibrils B 1: 156 Myofilaments B 1: 156, 164, 165 Myomas B 2: 235 Myometrium B 2: 217 Myopia B 2: 338 S 4: 794 (ill.) Myosin B 1: 157 (ill.) Myotonic dystrophy S 3: 535

N NAAFA. See National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance Nail ringworm H 1: 49 Nails B 1: 97, 102, 103, 103 (ill.), 106 H 1: 46–48, 48 (ill.) Naltrexone S 1: 108 Naproxen H 2: 245

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Narcissism H 3: 302 Narcissistic personality disorder H 3: 353 Narcolepsy S 4: 690 Narcotics H 3: 387 Nasal cavity B 2: 239–41, 323, 331 Nasal conchae B 2: 240 Nasal septum B 2: 240 National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance H 3: 378 National Bone Marrow Donor Registry S 3: 475 National Commission for the Certification of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine H 2: 167–68 National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws H 3: 389 Native Americans, chiropractic and H 2: 284 Natural killer cell disease S 1: 186 Natural light, learning and H 3: 312 Nature H 3: 298 healing power of H 2: 276 vs. nurture H 3: 297–301, 299 (ill.), 300 (ill.) Naturopathic obstetrics H 2: 278 Naturopathy H 2: 271, 276–79 benefits and limitations of H 2: 278–79 history of H 2: 277 managed care and H 2: 160 six principles of H 2: 276–78 specialties in H 2: 278 NCCAOM. See National Commission for the Certification of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Nearsightedness B 2: 338, 339


Noninvasive

Necrosis S 2: 295 Needles, in acupuncture H 2: 279, 281–82, 282 (ill.) Negative feedback B 1: 78 Negative reinforcement H 3: 313 Neisseria gonorrhoea S 4: 662 (ill.) Neonatal herpes S 2: 396 Nephrons B 2: 295 Nerve growth factor (NGF) B 2: 195 Nerve impulses B 2: 190, 191, 193 Nerves B 2: 177, 182 Nervous system B 1: 18, 19, 39, 109; 2: 175–207, 178 (ill.) Nervous tic S 1: 98 Net compulsions H 3: 404 Neural tube defect S 3: 516 Neurasthenia S 1: 186 Neurodegenerative disease S 1: 48 Neuroglia B 2: 182 Neurology H 2: 187 Neuromuscular junction B 1: 163, 168, 170 Neurons B 2: 177, 180, 181 (ill.), 182, 190 H 3: 298 in learning H 3: 310 Neuropsychologists H 2: 191. See also Psychologists Neurosecretion B 1: 84 Neurosis H 2: 271

Neuroticism H 3: 300 Neurotransmitters B 2: 192 S 1: 118; 2: 244 H 2: 241 Neutrophils B 1: 14 Nicotine H 2: 241, 257, 257 (ill.); 3: 397–98, 396 (ill.), 397 (ill.) Nicotine-replacement therapy H 2: 257, 257 (ill.) Nietzsche, Friedrich H 3: 418 Nitrogen dioxide H 1: 113, 124 Nitrogen oxides, in air pollution H 1: 121 Nits S 3: 478 Nixon, Richard H 2: 281 NK cells B 1: 135 Nobility pose, for cramps and PMS H 1: 67 Nocturnal emissions H 1: 61 Node of Ranvier B 2: 179 Nogier, Paul H 2: 283 Noise, healthy ears and H 1: 46 Non-H2-antagonists H 2: 245–46 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas B 1: 146–48 Nonconformity H 3: 318 Nondirective stage, in person-centered therapy H 3: 418 Noninfectious sore throat S 4: 707, 708 Noninvasive H 2: 271

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Nonionizing radiation

Nonionizing radiation H 1: 112–13. See also Radiation Nonprescription drugs. See Over-the-counter drugs Nonproductive cough H 2: 241 Nonspecific defense system B 1: 134 Nontraditional mental health therapies H 3: 426–35 bioenergetics as H 3: 429–31 creative arts therapies as H 3: 431–35 meditation as H 3: 428–29 reality therapy as H 3: 425 yoga as H 3: 426–28 Norepinephrine B 1: 69, 74, 84 Normal, vs. abnormal behavior H 3: 323 NORML. See National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws Norms H 3: 325 Norplant H 1: 76 (ill.), 76 Nose B 2: 239 Nosocomephobia H 3: 345 Nostrils B 2: 239 NRC. See Nuclear Regulatory Committee NRT. See Nicotine-replacement therapy Nuclear energy H 1: 115 Nuclear Regulatory Committee limiting radiation exposure H 1: 115 Nucleoside analogues S 1: 17 Nurse practitioners H 2: 197. See also Registered nurses Nurses. See Registered nurses Nurture H 3: 298 vs. nature H 3: 297–301, 299 (ill.), 300 (ill.) Nutrients H 1: 2, 3–4 food pyramid and H 1: 7 in vegetarian diets H 1: 26

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Nutrition H 1: 1–29 dieting and H 1: 21–24 food pyramid H 1: 5–14 healthy diets and H 1: 14–15 healthy eating habits and H 1: 26–28 importance of H 1: 1–5 independent eating and H 1: 24 junk food and H 1: 15 in naturopathy H 2: 278 snacking and H 1: 15–17 in vegetarian and vegan diets H 1: 24–26 weight, body shape and H 1: 18–21 weight management and H 1: 21–24 Nutrition counseling H 2: 173; 3: 373 Nuts, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Nydrazid S 4: 779

O Obesity S 3: 543–51 H 1: 2; 3: 356 binge-eating disorder and H 3: 359, 367 fats and H 1: 13 fitness and H 3: 378–79 genetics and H 1: 18, 19 support groups for H 3: 374 (ill.) Observational learning H 3: 298, 313–14, 314 (ill.), 315 Obsession H 3: 325 vs. crushes H 1: 69 eating disorders and H 3: 355, 370 in obsessive-compulsive disorder H 3: 346–47 in Tourette’s disorder H 3: 336 Obsessive–compulsive disorder S 3: 551–57 H 3: 346–47, 370 Obstetrics H 2: 187 Occipital lobe B 2: 186, 187 Occupational Safety and Health Administration H 1: 115 Occupational services social workers H 2: 199


Orthopedics

Occupational therapists H 2: 180–82, 181 (ill.) Occupational therapy assistants H 2: 181 OCD. See Obsessive-compulsive disorder Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy S 3: 535 Odors, body. See Body odors Off-label drugs H 2: 141 vs. generic drugs H 2: 156 Oils, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Ointments for acne H 2: 242 antibacterial H 2: 247, 247 (ill.) Olfaction B 2: 323 Olfactory epithelium B 2: 323, 331 Olfactory glands B 2: 324 Olfactory receptors B 2: 324, 331 Oligodendrocytes B 2: 179, 182 Olympic games, early H 1: 88 Oncology H 2: 187. See also Cancer Onychomycosis H 1: 48–49 Oocyte B 2: 216, 220 Operant conditioning H 3: 298, 312–13, 410, 422–23 for autism H 3: 335, 423 for conduct disorder H 3: 423 learning and H 3: 312 for mental retardation H 3: 333 for oppositional defiant disorder H 3: 330 for phobias H 3: 345 Ophidiaphobia H 3: 345 Ophthalmologists H 2: 182 Ophthalmology H 2: 187

Opiate blockers S 1: 103, 104, 108 Opiates H 3: 387 Opportunistic infection S 1: 17 Oppositional defiant disorder H 3: 329–30 Optic nerve S 2: 324 Optometrists H 2: 182–83, 182 (ill.) OPV. See Polio vaccine Oral contraceptives H 1: 73–74, 73 (ill.) Oral decongestants H 2: 250. See also Decongestants Oral herpes S 2: 395 Oral hygiene H 1: 43–44 Oral sex H 1: 59, 70, 72, 81 herpes and H 1: 80. See also Sex Oral surgeons H 2: 171, 172 Orbicularis oculi muscle B 1: 159, 162 Orbicularis oris muscle B 1: 159 Organ of Corti B 2: 323, 330, 332 Organ transplantation S 1: 112 Organic H 2: 241 Organic farming, pesticides in H 1: 118 (ill.) Organization, memory and H 3: 308 Organs, anorexia nervosa and H 3: 367 Orgasms H 1: 60, 70, 72 Orthodontists H 2: 171 Orthopedics H 2: 187

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Os

Os H 1: 64 OSHA. See Occupational Safety and Health Administration Osmosis B 1: 20, 21 (ill.); 2: 301 Osmotic pressure B 1: 20 Ossicles B 2: 267, 322, 330 S 2: 272, 351 Ossification B 2: 264 Osteoarthritis B 2: 282, 283, 284 (ill.) S 1: 68, 69, 73 Osteoblasts B 2: 263 Osteoclasts B 2: 263, 264 Osteocytes B 2: 263, 264 Osteopathy H 2: 166 doctors of H 2: 187 Osteoporosis B 2: 285, 286, 286 (ill.) S 2: 310; 3: 558–64, 560 (ill.) H 1: 2, 86; 2: 207, 241 anorexia nervosa and H 3: 366 calcium to prevent H 1: 10; 2: 233 exercise to prevent H 1: 90; 2: 213 OTC drugs. See Over-the-counter drugs Otitis externa S 2: 273 H 1: 45–46 Otitis media B 2: 339, 340 (ill.) S 2: 272, 273 Otolaryngology H 2: 187 Otosclerosis S 2: 351 Ott, John H 3: 312 Outer ear H 1: 45. See also Ear Outpatient care, for mental health problems H 2: 162–63

52

Ova B 2: 207, 214, 222 Ovarian cancer B 2: 228. See also Cancer Ovarian cycle B 1: 86 (ill.) Ovarian follicles B 1: 80; 2: 216, 219, 221 Ovaries B 1: 74, 80, 84, 85; 2: 214, 219–21, 228 H 1: 59, 64 Over-the-counter drugs H 2: 239–68 acne medication H 2: 240–42 allergy drugs H 2: 248–51 analgesics H 2: 242–45 antacids H 2: 245–46 antibacterial drugs H 2: 246–48 antidiarrheals H 2: 248 antihistamines H 2: 248–51 cold and cough medicine H 2: 251–53 flu medicine H 2: 251–53 hemorrhoid medicine H 2: 253 herbal medicine H 2: 260–68 for indigestion H 2: 235 for lactose intolerance H 2: 236 laxatives H 2: 253–54 other common OTC drugs H 2: 256–60 pharmacists and H 2: 184 PMS medicine H 2: 255 from prescription drugs H 2: 245 yeast infection medicine H 2: 256 Overdoses H 3: 382, 387, 388 Overheating, during exercise H 1: 106, 107 (ill.) Overuse injuries, in sports H 2: 230 Overweight. See Obesity Ovulation B 1: 80, 85; 2: 220, 221 H 1: 59, 64–65 PMS and H 1: 67 Ovum H 1: 59 Oxygen, aerobic exercise and H 1: 86, 87 Oxyhemoglobins B 1: 12


Patient advocates

Oxytocin B 1: 69, 78, 80; 2: 218 Ozone layer H 1: 113

P Pacemaker B 1: 5 Pads H 1: 51, 52 (ill.), 53 Pain killers. See Analgesics Pain management H 3: 425 Pain receptors B 1: 100, 109 Paints lead in H 1: 120 (ill.), 121, 128 poisoning from H 2: 223 (ill.), 224 Palate, hard and soft B 1: 34, 36, 47 Palliation S 1: 154 Palmer, B.J. H 2: 284 Palmer, Daniel David H 2: 169, 170, 283–84 Palpation H 2: 218 Palpitations H 2: 241 Palsy. See Parkinson’s disease Panacea H 2: 241 Panax. See Ginseng Pancreas B 1: 42, 44, 44 (ill.), 45, 48, 73, 74, 82, 90 S 1: 227; 2: 251 Pancreatic duct B 1: 45 Pancreatic juice B 1: 45, 48, 74 Panic attacks H 3: 345–46 Panic disorder S 3: 565–70 H 3: 345–46

Pantiliners H 1: 51, 52, 52 (ill.) Pantophobia H 3: 345 Papillae B 1: 34 Paranasal sinuses B 2: 241, 268 Paranoid personality disorder H 3: 352–53 Paranoid schizophrenia S 4: 643 Parasites H 1: 33; 2: 207 head lice H 1: 40 Parasomnias S 4: 692 Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) B 1: 19; 2: 176, 194 Parathyroid glands B 1: 72, 73 (ill.), 82 Parathyroid hormone B 1: 72, 82 Parietal lobe B 2: 186, 187 Parkinson, James S 3: 572 Parkinson’s disease B 2: 203, 204 S 1: 207; 3: 571–78, 576 (ill.) Paronychia H 1: 48 Particles H 1: 113 in indoor air pollution H 1: 125 Particulate radiation S 4: 613, 614 Pasta, in food pyramid H 1: 7–8 Pasteur, Louis H 1: 35 Patella B 2: 274 Pathology H 2: 187 Patient advocates H 2: 178

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Pauciarticular juvenile arthritis

Pauciarticular juvenile arthritis S 3: 447, 448 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich B 1: 38, 38 (ill.) H 3: 312, 421 ‘‘Pavlov’s dog’’ B 1: 38 PCBs H 1: 132 PCP H 3: 392 Pectoral girdle B 2: 272 Pectoralis major muscle B 1: 160 Pediatric cardiology H 2: 188, 189 (ill.) Pediatric dentists H 2: 172 Pediatrics H 2: 187. See also Childhood mental disorders Pedicures H 1: 47 Peer pressure H 3: 314 (ill.) Pelvic girdle B 2: 272, 273 Pelvic inflammatory disease H 1: 80 Pemphigus vulgaris S 1: 111 Penicillin S 2: 272 Penis B 2: 207, 214 H 1: 54–55, 59, 60–62 Peppermint, for indigestion H 2: 235, 237 Pepsin B 1: 41, 47 Peptic ulcer S 4: 786 Perception H 3: 382 Percussion, in physical examinations H 2: 219 Perennial allergies H 2: 249

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Perfectionists, eating disorders and H 3: 362 Perfumes H 1: 34 Pericardium B 1: 2 Period. See Menstruation Periodontal disease S 3: 579–82 H 1: 33. See also Gingivitis Periodontists H 2: 171 Periodontitis S 3: 579, 581 (ill.) H 1: 44 Periosteum B 2: 266 Peripheral nervous system B 2: 175, 180, 182 Peristalsis B 1: 47, 48, 50 S 3: 440 Peritonitis S 1: 68; 4: 783 Perls, Frederich S. H 3: 419 Permethrin S 3: 478 Pernicious anemia S 1: 111 Persia, physical activity in H 1: 88 Person-centered stage H 3: 418 Person-centered therapy H 3: 418–19 Personal body care. See Hygiene Personal unconscious, in Jungian psychology H 3: 415–16 Personality H 3: 298 Alzheimer’s disease and H 3: 311 causes of substance abuse and H 3: 385 disorders (See Personality disorders) mental health and H 3: 301–3, 302 (ill.) nature vs. nurture and H 3: 300–301 Personality disorders H 3: 351–53


Pink eye

Pertussis. See Whooping cough Pertussis toxin crystal S 4: 811 (ill.) Pesticides H 1: 113, 116–19 endocrine disrupters from H 1: 131, 132, 134 household H 1: 128–29, 131 organic farming and H 1: 118 (ill.) poisoning from H 2: 224 Pet therapy H 3: 428 (ill.) Petit mal S 2: 288 Petting H 1: 70 Peyer’s patches B 1: 129 Peyote. See Mescaline Phagocytes B 1: 134, 138 Phalanges B 2: 272, 273 (ill.), 275 Pharmacists H 2: 183–85, 184 (ill.) Pharmacotherapy. See Drug therapy Pharynx B 1: 39, 47; 2: 239, 241 S 2: 272 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 Phencyclidine. See PCP Phenylketonuria (PKU) S 1: 104 Phenylpropanolamine H 2: 241, 259 Phlegm H 2: 241, 252 Phobias H 3: 325, 344–45, 344 (ill.) Phoenix, River H 3: 385 Photographic memory H 3: 298, 307 Photosynthesis B 2: 250 Physical activity H 1: 86 vs. exercise H 1: 95 mental benefits of H 1: 91–93

nutrition and H 1: 3, 4, 7 physical benefits of H 1: 86–91 promoting fitness H 1: 93–102. See also Physical fitness Physical examinations H 2: 188 (ill.) for fitness H 1: 103–4 in illness prevention H 2: 206, 217–20, 218 (ill.) in naturopathic medicine H 2: 278 Physical fitness H 1: 85–109 activities promoting H 1: 86, 93–102 fat and H 3: 378–79 in illness prevention H 2: 213 mental benefits of H 1: 91–93 as permanent part of life H 1: 102–8 physical benefits of H 1: 86–91 weight and H 1: 18 Physical intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence Physical intimacy H 1: 70 Physical medicine, as naturopathic specialty H 2: 278 Physical therapists H 2: 185–87, 186 (ill.) Physical therapy assistants H 2: 186 Physicians H 2: 143–51, 187–89, 188 (ill.) in naturopathy H 2: 277 primary care (See Primary care physicians). See also specific specialists, e.g., Optometrists Physiological dependence S 1: 8 Physiology H 2: 271, 325 massage and H 2: 289 Physostigmine S 2: 325 Pia mater B 2: 182 Pills for birth control (See Birth control pills) diet H 1: 23. See also Drugs Pimples H 1: 35–36 Pineal gland B 1: 70, 72, (ill.), 80, 81 Pink eye. See Conjunctivitis

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Pinna

Pinna B 2: 320, 330 H 1: 33 Pipes, for marijuana H 3: 390 Pituitary gland B 1: 69, 70, 71 (ill.), 78, 79, 81, 83–85, 87–89; 2: 218–20 PKU. See Phenylketonuria (PKU) Placenta B 2: 224 Plague H 1: 136 Planned Parenthood Association H 1: 77 Plaque, arterial S 1: 88 Plaque, dental B 1: 51 S 4: 761 (ill.) H 1: 33 causing tooth decay H 1: 43–44 Plasma B 1: 11, 12, 132, 135 Plasma cells B 1: 137, 138 Plaster H 2: 271 Plastics, leaching and H 1: 134 Platelets B 1: 11, 15 S 2: 299 Playing H 1: 98, 98 (ill.) Pleura B 2: 243 PMS. See Premenstrual syndrome Pneumonia B 2: 257, 259 S 3: 582–87, 584 (ill.) Pneumothorax S 3: 587–91, 589 (ill.) Point of service plans H 2: 141, 147 Poisoning H 2: 226 (ill.) food H 2: 210 prevention of household H 2: 224, 224 (ill.)

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Polio B 2: 204, 205 S 3: 591–96 Polio vaccine H 2: 219 Poliomyelitis. See Polio Pollution, air. See Air pollution Polyarticular juvenile arthritis S 3: 448 Polychlorinated biphenyls H 1: 132 Polyp B 2: 331 (ill.) Polysomnograph S 4: 694 (ill.) Polysomnography S 4: 691 Pons B 2: 184 Porcelain veneers H 1: 45 Pores H 1: 33, 34–35 Positive reinforcement H 3: 313 Positive thinking H 2: 215 Positron emission tomography (PET) S 2: 340 POSs. See Point of service plans Post, C.W. H 2: 279 Post-traumatic stress disorder S 3: 596–600 H 3: 325, 347–49, 348 (ill.) art therapy for H 3: 432, 433 (ill.) Post–viral syndrome S 1: 186 Pot. See Marijuana Potassium H 1: 113 in preventing illness H 2: 234 Poultry, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Power walking H 1: 101 PPA. See Phenylpropanolamine PPOs. See Preferred provider organizations


Protective equipment, in sports

Practical intelligence H 3: 318. See also Intelligence Pranayama H 2: 292–93; 3: 426 Pratt, Joseph A. H 3: 436–37 Predisposition H 3: 382 Preferred provider organizations H 2: 141, 147 Pregnancy B 1: 14, 139; 2: 222, 227 aspirin and H 2: 244 ibuprofen and H 2: 245 sex and H 1: 72 sexuality and H 1: 76–79 St. John’s Wort and H 2: 268 unplanned H 1: 76–79 Pregnancy tests H 1: 76 Premenstrual syndrome H 1: 66–67; 2: 255, 256 Premiums (Insurance) H 2: 141 Prepuce. See Foreskin Prescription drugs for bed-wetting H 3: 337 for eating disorders H 3: 374 for obsessive-compulsive disorder H 3: 347 for panic disorder H 3: 346 for phobias H 3: 345 for PTSD H 3: 349 for Tourette’s disorder H 3: 336 Prescriptions to OTC drugs H 2: 245 pharmacists and H 2: 183, 184 Preventive care H 2: 141, 205–38 health care specialists and H 2: 165 in health care systems H 2: 141 in health maintenance organizations H 2: 144 for illnesses H 2: 205–20 for injuries H 2: 220–32 Medicaid and H 2: 151 medicines in H 2: 232–38 in naturopathy H 2: 278 Primary bronchi B 2: 243 Primary care physicians H 2: 141, 188

alternative care and H 2: 158–59 with chronic conditions H 2: 155 in managed care systems H 2: 143–46 Medicaid and H 2: 151 Medicare and H 2: 150 Prime mover muscle B 1: 166 Prion S 1: 215 Pro-choice H 1: 59, 77, 78 (ill.) Process addiction S 1: 8 Processed foods H 2: 208 Prodrome S 2: 395 Productive cough H 2: 241 Professional trainers, fitness H 1: 105 Profound mental retardation H 3: 333 Progesterone B 1: 74, 80, 85; 2: 219, 221, 224 Prohibition H 3: 382 Prolactin B 1: 79 Prophylactic S 2: 346 Prostaglandin H 2: 241 acetaminophen and H 2: 244 aspirin and H 2: 242, 244 ibuprofen and H 2: 245 Prostate, enlarged B 2: 213 (ill.) Prostate cancer B 2: 229 S 3: 601–06. See also Cancer Prostate gland B 2: 207, 213, 229 H 1: 59, 60 Protease inhibitors S 1: 17 Protective equipment, in sports H 2: 228 (ill.), 229

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Proteins

Proteins S 1: 162 H 1: 2 calories from H 1: 4–5 from meat group H 1: 12 from milk group H 1: 9–10 as nutrients H 1: 3–4 Protozoan H 1: 33 Prozac S 3: 599 Psoriasis B 1: 114, 115 S 4: 684 Psoriatic juvenile arthritis S 3: 448 Psyche H 3: 412–13 Psychiatrists vs. psychologists H 2: 192; 3: 430 Psychiatry H 2: 187; 3: 410 Psychoactive drugs H 3: 382, 388 Psychoanalysis H 3: 414 (ill.) for dissociative identity disorders H 3: 351 vs. Gestalt therapy H 3: 419 as insight therapy H 3: 411–14, 412 (ill.) major depression and H 3: 339 Psychodrama H 3: 434–35 Psychodynamic paradigm H 3: 411–13 Psychodynamic therapy H 3: 415 Psychological addiction S 1: 10, 11 Psychological dependence S 1: 8 Psychological vulnerability H 3: 382 Psychologists H 2: 190–92 vs. psychiatrists H 2: 192; 3: 430 Psychology H 3: 415–17 as naturopathic specialty H 2: 278. See also Behavioral medicine; Mental health therapies

58

Psychophysical energy H 3: 430 Psychosocial therapy S 2: 244, 249 Psychotherapy H 3: 409–11 group (See Group therapy) Psychotic disorders H 3: 341–43 Psychotropic drugs H 3: 387 PTSD. See Post-traumatic stress disorder Puberty B 2: 219 H 1: 33 acne during H 2: 240 eating disorders in H 3: 371 in females H 1: 62–67, 63 (ill.) increased sebum production during H 1: 39, 55; 2: 240–41 in males H 1: 58, 59–62, 63 (ill.) Pubic hair H 1: 41, 62. See also Hair Pubic lice. See Crabs Pubis B 2: 272 Public places, fear of. See Agoraphobia Pulmonary circulation B 1: 9 Pulmonary function test B 2: 255 (ill.) S 2: 277 Pulmonary hypertension S 2: 277 Pulmonary semilunar valve B 1: 5 Pulmonary specialties H 2: 187 Pulmonary surfactant B 2: 245 Pulmonary ventilation B 2: 246 Punishment, in operant conditioning H 3: 313 Pupil B 2: 318, 327 Purge S 1: 136


REBT

Purging H 3: 356 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357 Purkinje fibers B 1: 5, 17 Purple coneflower. See Echinacea Pyelonephritis B 2: 310 Pyloric sphincter B 1: 39, 48 Pyrazinamide S 4: 779 Pyridoxine H 2: 266 Pyrimethamine S 3: 500 Pyromania H 3: 382, 406

Q Qi H 2: 166–67, 271, 279, 280–81 QMB. See Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries Program Quaaludes. See Methaqualone Quadriceps muscles B 1: 161 Quadriplegia S 1: 171 Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries Program H 2: 148 Queen Victoria S 2: 376 Quiet time, for improving learning H 3: 311 Quinine S 3: 500

R Rabies S 4: 607–12 Rabies virus S 4: 609 (ill.) Radial keratotomy S 4: 794 Radiation H 1: 113, 166

environmental health and H 1: 112–15, 116 (ill.) Radiation injuries S 4: 612–19 Radiation therapy S 1: 148, 155 Radiation therapy technologists H 2: 193, 194 Radical mastectomy S 1: 124 Radioactive isotope S 1: 88 Radiographers H 2: 193–94 Radiological technologists H 2: 192–95, 194 (ill.) Radiology H 2: 187 Radius B 2: 272 Radon H 1: 113 controlling exposure from H 1: 129 indoor air pollution and H 1: 123–24, 124 (ill.), 125 as source of radiation H 1: 113, 114, 114 (ill.) Rain, acid. See Acid rain Rape H 1: 58, 82 (ill.), 83 Rapid eye movement sleep. See REM sleep Rashes in eczema H 1: 37 hygiene and H 2: 217 Rational-emotive behavior therapy H 3: 410, 421, 423–24, 438 Rationing H 2: 141 Raves H 3: 391 Reactive hypoglycemia S 2: 414 Reading disorders H 3: 330 Reality therapy H 3: 410, 425 Rebound congestion H 2: 250 REBT. See Rational-emotive behavior therapy

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Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) S 1: 58 Reconstructive surgery S 1: 124, 126 Recreation injury prevention in H 2: 228–32. See also Sports Rectum B 1: 43, 49, 57 Rectus abdominis muscles B 1: 160 Red blood cells B 1: 11–14, 13 (ill.), 130 S 1: 56 (ill.) Reducing diets amphetamines and H 3: 391 eating disorders and H 3: 366 effects of H 3: 377 Referral process. See Medical referral Reflex arc B 2: 193 Reflexes B 2: 193, 194 Reflexology H 2: 271, 285, 286, 289–91, 291 (ill.) acupuncture and H 2: 283 history of H 2: 289–90. See also Massage therapy Registered H 2: 166 Registered nurse anesthetists H 2: 197. See also Registered nurses Registered nurses H 2: 195–97, 196 (ill.) Rehabilitation in occupational therapy H 2: 181 in physical therapy H 2: 185 Rehabilitation massage H 2: 287. See also Sports massage Reich, Wilhelm H 3: 429 Reimbursement plans H 2: 141, 143 Reinforcement H 3: 298 Relationships, sex and H 1: 57 Relaxation H 2: 214

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REM sleep H 2: 241, 259 Remorse H 3: 325 Rems, in measuring radiation H 1: 114 Renal corpuscle B 2: 295 Renal cortex B 2: 295 Renal filtrate B 2: 301, 302 Renal medulla B 2: 295 Renal pelvis B 2: 295 Renal pyramids B 2: 295 Renal tubule B 2: 295, 301 Renin B 2: 303 Repellents H 1: 128 Reproductive system B 2: 207–38, 212 (ill.), 215 (ill.) Research psychologists H 2: 191–92. See also Psychologists Residencies, for physicians H 2: 166, 190 Residential treatment H 3: 325 for mental retardation H 3: 332–33 Residual schizophrenia S 4: 644 Respiration B 2: 239, 248, 250 Respiratory cycle B 2: 246 Respiratory system B 2: 239–61, 242 (ill.), 299 Respiratory tract B 2: 239 S 1: 228 Respondent conditioning. See Classical conditioning Rest exercise and H 1: 106 exercise-related injuries and H 1: 108


Russell, Gerald

Restless leg syndrome S 4: 691 Retardation. See Mental retardation Retina B 2: 319, 327, 328 S 1: 162, 191; 2: 324 ReVia S 1: 108 Reye’s syndrome S 1: 181; 3: 423; 4: 620–23 from aspirin H 2: 244 Rh antigen B 1: 14 Rhabdovirus S 4: 608 Rheumatic fever S 4: 623–28 Rheumatoid arthritis B 2: 282–85, 285 (ill.) S 1: 68, 69, 73, 110 Rhinovirus S 1: 199, 201 (ill.) Riadin S 4: 779 Rib cage B 2: 270 Ribavirin S 2: 378 Riboflavin, in preventing headaches H 2: 208 Ribs B 2: 270 R.I.C.E. H 1: 108 Rice, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 7–8 Rickets B 2: 287, 288 S 2: 310 Rifampin S 4: 779 Rift Valley fever S 2: 381 Right lymphatic duct B 1: 125 Right-side brain dominance H 3: 313

Right to life H 1: 59, 77 Rigor mortis B 1: 156 Rimactrane S 4: 779 Rimantadine hydrochloride S 3: 429 Ringworm S 4: 628–33, 630 (ill.), 631 (ill.) Ritalin S 1: 100, 108 Rituals H 3: 382 Rodenticides H 1: 117, 128 Rods B 2: 319, 327, 328 Roe v. Wade H 1: 77 Rogers, Carl H 3: 418–19 Rohypnol H 1: 83 Role confusion, during adolescence H 3: 303 Role models H 3: 315 Rome, physical activity in H 1: 88 Roughage. See Fiber Rubella S 4: 633–37, 635 (ill.), 636 (ill.) Rubeola. See Measles Rubivirus S 4: 634 Rugae B 1: 39 Runner’s knee H 1: 107–8; 2: 230 Running H 1: 98–99, 104 (ill.) Rupophobia H 3: 345 Rush, Benjamin H 2: 272, 272 (ill.) Russell, Gerald H 3: 358

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Russell’s sign

Russell’s sign H 3: 356, 367

S Sabin, Florence Rena B 1: 133, 133 (ill.) Saccule B 2: 323, 330 Sacks, Oliver H 3: 335 SAD. See Seasonal affective disorder Safe sex H 1: 81 HIV and H 1: 80 pregnancy and H 1: 76. See also Sex Safety H 2: 221 (ill.) with electricity H 2: 226–28 in exercising H 2: 213 food H 2: 210 with handguns H 2: 227, 227 (ill.) medicine cabinet H 2: 225, 226 (ill.) in sports H 2: 228–32. See also Environmental health St. John’s Wort H 2: 241, 267–68 Salicylic acid S 2: 348 Saliva B 1: 38, 39, 46, 134 Salivary glands B 1: 38, 39, 46 Salk, Jonas S 3: 594 H 2: 273 Salmonella S 2: 299, 301 Salt, in dietary guidelines H 1: 5 Salvarsan S 4: 661 Samadhi H 2: 294 Sarcomas S 1: 149 Sarcomeres B 1: 157, 164

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Sartorius muscle B 1: 162 Sartre, Jean-Paul H 3: 418 Saturated fats H 1: 2 in dietary guidelines H 1: 4 in food pyramid H 1: 5, 13 as nutrient H 1: 3. See also Fats Savant syndrome H 3: 325 autism and H 3: 337, 338 Scalds. See Burns and scalds Scalp hair H 1: 38–40. See also Hair Scapula B 2: 272 Scarlet fever S 4: 639–42, 640 (ill.) Scharrer, Berta B 1: 84 Schema, in cognitive therapies H 3: 420–21 Schizoid personality disorder H 3: 353 Schizophrenia S 4: 642–48 H 3: 325, 341–43 genetics and H 3: 301, 342 modeling for H 3: 423 School services social workers H 2: 198 Schwann cells B 2: 179, 182 Sclera B 2: 317 Scleroderma S 1: 111 Scoliosis B 2: 288, 289 S 1: 176; 4: 649–54, 653 (ill.) H 2: 218 Scrotum B 1: 75; 2: 207, 210, 214 H 1: 54, 59, 60, 62 Seafood, in food pyramid H 1: 12 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) B 1: 81


Sexual abstinence

S 4: 654–58 Seasonal allergies H 2: 249 Sebaceous glands B 1: 100, 104, 105, 110, 134 Seborrheic dermatitis B 1: 113 H 1: 40 Sebum B 1: 104, 105, 110 S 1: 1, 2 H 1: 33 acne and H 1: 35; 2: 240–41 genital hygiene and H 1: 55 scalp hair and H 1: 39 Second opinions, in managed care H 2: 155 Secondhand smoke. See Environmental tobacco smoke Sectarian medicine H 2: 270, 271, 272 Sedatives, with antihistamines H 2: 250 Seizure B 2: 199, 200 S 1: 176; 2: 288 Seizure, absence S 2: 289 Seizures, tonic–clonic S 2: 289 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors S 3: 596 Selegiline S 3: 574 Selenium, in preventing illness H 2: 207, 208, 234 Self-confidence, physical activity and H 1: 92 Self-esteem H 3: 298, 304 (ill.), 305 eating disorders and H 3: 362 physical activity and H 1: 92 Self-help H 3: 439 Self-image, in existential therapies H 3: 418 Self-inflicted violence. See Self-mutilation Self-medicate H 3: 382

Self-mutilation as compulsion H 3: 406–7 eating disorders and H 3: 371 Self-worth H 1: 20. See also Self-esteem Semen B 2: 207, 211, 214 Semicircular canals B 2: 323, 331, 338 Semilunar valves B 1: 5, 17 Seminal fluid B 2: 211 Seminal vesicles B 2: 207, 211 S 3: 601 H 1: 60 Seminiferous tubules B 2: 210, 219 Senior citizens, Medicare for H 2: 148–50 Senna, as laxative H 2: 254, 255 Sensors, for carbon monoxide H 1: 125 (ill.); 2: 225 Sensory hearing loss S 2: 351 Sensory nerves B 2: 182 Sensory neurons B 2: 180 Sensory receptors B 1: 100, 108, 109; 2: 315 Serotonin B 2: 193, 203 Serotonin, St. John’s Wort and H 2: 267 Set-point theory H 1: 2, 19, 21; 3: 356 Severe mental retardation H 3: 333 Sex H 1: 71–72 addiction H 3: 407 oral (See Oral sex) safe (See Safe sex) vs. sexuality H 1: 57 Sexual abstinence H 1: 58, 71, 81

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Sexual abuse

Sexual abstinence (continued) STDs and H 1: 79 Sexual abuse H 1: 59, 83–84 eating disorders and H 3: 372 sex addiction and H 3: 407 Sexual harassment H 1: 59, 83–84 Sexual intercourse H 1: 71–72 rape and H 1: 83 vaginal infections and H 1: 50 Sexual reproduction B 2: 207 Sexuality H 1: 57–84 birth control and H 1: 73–75 boys and H 1: 59–62 dating and H 1: 69 eating disorders and H 3: 371–72 girls and H 1: 62–67 kissing and H 1: 70 physical attraction and H 1: 68–71 pregnancy and H 1: 75–79 puberty and H 1: 58–59 sex and H 1: 71–72 sexual harassment and abuse and H 1: 83–84 STDs and H 1: 79–81 talking about H 1: 57–58 Sexually transmitted diseases B 2: 230 S 4: 659–66 H 1: 79–81, 82 birth control and H 1: 73–75 sexual intercourse and H 1: 72 Shadow boxing H 1: 95 Shaken baby syndrome S 4: 667–70 Shame, eating disorders and H 3: 370–71 Shampoos H 1: 40 Shaving H 1: 41–42, 41 (ill.) Sheedy, Ally H 3: 365 (ill.) Sheldon, William H. H 1: 18 Shell-shock. See Post-traumatic stress disorder

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Shereshevskii, Solomon V. H 3: 307 Shiatsu H 2: 285, 286. See also Massage therapy Shigella S 2: 299, 302 Shin splints B 1: 162 H 1: 107 Shinbone B 2: 274 Shingles S 1: 181 Shock S 1: 141 Shoplifting, compulsive. See Kleptomania Shopping, compulsive H 3: 406–7 Short-term memory H 3: 306–7. See also Memory Shoulder blade B 2: 272 Sickle cell anemia B 1: 27–29, 28 (ill.); 2: 305 S 1: 55, 56; 4: 670–77 Side effects. See Adverse reactions SIDS. See Sudden infant death syndrome Sight. See Special senses, sight; Vision Sigmoidoscopy S 1: 195, 197 Sign language H 2: 200 Silicosis S 3: 483 Simethicone, as antacid H 2: 246 Singing, stuttering and H 3: 336 Sinoatrial (SA) node B 1: 5, 17 Sinuses B 2: 241, 268 Sinusitis B 2: 251, 268 Sinusoids B 1: 22 SIV. See Self-mutilation


Soaps

Sixteen Candles (Movie) H 1: 68 (ill.) Sjo¨gren’s syndrome S 1: 111 Skating H 1: 96, 97 (ill.) exercise addiction and H 3: 361 inline (See Inline skating) Skeletal system B 2: 263–91, 265 (ill.) Skiing H 1: 99 Skills, memory and H 3: 306 Skin B 1: 97, 98, 100, 134 H 1: 34–38 Skin, artificial B 1: 113 Skin cancer B 1: 115, 116 S 4: 677–83. See also Cancer Skin care H 1: 36 Skin color B 1: 100 Skin disorders S 4: 683–89 Skin grafting B 1: 115 (ill.) S 1: 141 Skin lesions B 1: 114 (ill.) Skinner, B.F. H 3: 312, 422, 422 (ill.) Skinner box, in operative conditioning H 3: 422–23 Skull B 2: 267, 269, 269 (ill.) Skull fracture S 2: 342, 344 (ill.) Sleep H 2: 217 (ill.) aids for H 2: 258–59; 3: 388 energy and H 1: 90 in illness prevention H 2: 206 as mental health therapy H 3: 439 physical activity and H 1: 92–93 in stress management H 2: 214, 216

Sleep apnea S 4: 691 Sleep deprivation H 2: 216 Sleep disorders S 4: 690–97 Sleep terror disorder S 4: 692 Sleeplessness. See Insomnia Sleepwalking disorder S 4: 692 Sliding filament theory B 1: 163 SLMB. See Specified Low Income Medicare Beneficiary Program Small intestine B 1: 41, 42, 45, 48, 57, 59, 123, 124, 129, 132 Smallpox B 1: 138 S 4: 697–701 Smallpox rash S 4: 700 (ill.) Smegma H 1: 55, 59 Smell. See Special senses, smell Smith, James S 4: 708 Smoke inhalation S 4: 701–06 Smoked foods, in preventing illness H 2: 208 Smoker’s lung B 2: 256 (ill.) Smoking H 3: 396–98, 397 (ill.) illness prevention and H 2: 209 nutrition and H 1: 3 Snacking H 1: 15–17, 17 (ill.), 18, 21. See also Nutrition Sneezing B 2: 258 H 2: 251, 252 (ill.) Snowboarding H 1: 99 Soaps for acne H 2: 242 scented H 1: 34

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Social norms

Social norms H 3: 325 Social psychologists H 2: 192. See also Psychologists Social Security H 2: 141, 148 Social workers H 2: 197–99; 3: 430 Society in Adlerian psychology H 3: 416–17 eating disorders and H 3: 362–64, 363 (ill.), 364 (ill.) Socioeconomic status H 3: 305 Sodium, in dietary guidelines H 1: 5 Sodium bicarbonate, as antacid H 2: 246 Softball H 1: 100 (ill.) Solo-sex. See Masturbation Solvents, as inhalants H 3: 395, 395 (ill.) Somatic nervous system B 2: 175 Somatic reflexes B 2: 193 Somatoform disorders H 3: 349–50 Somatogenesis H 3: 325 Somatotypes H 1: 18 Somnambulism S 4: 691 Sonographers H 2: 193, 195. See also Radiological technologists Sophophobia H 3: 345 Sore throat S 4: 706–11 Spasms, muscle B 1: 169, 170 Spastic S 1: 171 Spasticity S 1: 176

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Special K, as ketamine hydrochloride H 3: 394 Special senses B 2: 315–42 Special senses, hearing B 2: 315, 320, 321 (ill.) 323, 328 Special senses, sight B 2: 315, 327 Special senses, smell B 2: 315, 323, 325 (ill.), 331, 332 Special senses, taste B 2: 315, 324, 326, 331, 332 Specialists, medical H 2: 141, 168 in managed care systems H 2: 143–47, 155–56, 157–58 Specialty HMOs H 2: 147. See also Health maintenance organizations Specific defense system B 1: 136 Specified Low Income Medicare Beneficiary Program H 2: 148 Speech-language pathologists H 2: 200–201, 201 (ill.) stuttering and H 3: 336 Speech therapists. See Speech-language pathologists Speed. See Amphetamines Sperm B 1: 75, 80, 85; 2: 207, 210, 210 (ill.), 211, 214, 219, 222, 299 H 1: 59, 60, 64 Spermicidal jelly H 1: 74, 81 Sphygmomanometer B 1: 18 S 2: 406, 410 Spina bifida B 2: 289 S 4: 711–16, 714 (ill.) Spinal cord B 1: 145; 2: 175, 177, 184, 188, 189 (ill.), 190, 269, 289 Spinal cord injury S 4: 716–22 Spinal nerves B 2: 188, 190 Spinal tap S 1: 166


Strains, muscle

Spine B 2: 269 Spine, chiropractic and H 2: 283–85 Spine, curvature of. See Scoliosis Spirometer S 1: 78 Spleen B 1: 130 Spondyloarthropathy S 3: 448 Spondylosis S 4: 649 Spongiform encephalopathies S 1: 215 Spongy bone B 2: 267 Spontaneity, creativity and H 3: 318 Sports extreme (See Extreme sports) injury prevention in H 2: 228–32 learning H 2: 231–32 mind and H 1: 93 team (See Team sports) Women’s Sports Foundation and H 1: 92. See also Physical activity Sports massage H 2: 285, 286, 286 (ill.), 287. See also Massage therapy Sports psychologists H 2: 192. See also Psychologists Sprains B 2: 281 H 1: 107; 2: 267. See also Fractures, sprains and strains Squamous cell cancer B 1: 116 S 4: 678 Staff model HMOs H 2: 146–47 Stamina. See Endurance Stanford-Binet intelligence scale H 3: 317–18 Stapedius muscle B 1: 162 Staphylococcus S 4: 769

Staphylococcus aureus S 2: 299, 301, 302 Staphylococcus aureus, TSS from H 1: 52 Starches as carbohydrates H 1: 3 in grain products H 1: 8 STDs. See Sexually transmitted diseases Steam pressure sterilizers, in ear piercing H 1: 47 Stenkert, Zack S 3: 548 (ill.) Steptoe, Patrick B 2: 224, 224 (ill.) Sterilization H 1: 33 Stern, Lynn H 3: 308 Sternocleidomastoid muscle B 1: 159 Sternum B 2: 271 Steroids B 1: 66, 74, 77, 83, 89, 90 S 1: 83, 111 cortisone as H 2: 247–48 exercise addiction and H 3: 405 Stimulant laxatives H 2: 254 Stimulants S 1: 104 H 2: 241; 3: 390–93 caffeine-based H 2: 256–57 Stimulus H 3: 298 Stirrup bone B 2: 322, 330 Stomach B 1: 39–41, 47, 48, 59 Stomach with peptic ulcer S 4: 789 (ill.) Stoves, indoor air pollution from H 1: 124, 129–30 Strabismus S 1: 177 Strains, muscle B 1: 170 H 1: 107. See also Fractures, sprains, and strains

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Strength

Strength H 1: 87–89, 89 (ill.) yoga for H 2: 294 Strep throat S 4: 723–27 Streptococcal infections S 4: 623, 639, 723 Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome S 4: 769 Streptomycin S 4: 779 Stress acne and H 2: 241 as cause of substance abuse H 3: 385 food and H 1: 21 herpes and H 1: 81 massage therapy for H 2: 288 memory and H 3: 308 PMS and H 2: 255 schizophrenia and H 3: 343 yoga for H 2: 294 Stress fractures H 1: 107 Stress management in illness prevention H 2: 206, 213–15, 215 (ill.) physical activity for H 1: 92 for PTSD H 3: 349 Stress test S 1: 88 Stressors H 3: 325 Striated muscle B 1: 159 (ill.) Stroke B 1: 24, 27, 29, 30 S 2: 419; 4: 727–34 H 1: 86 fats and H 1: 14 gum disease and H 2: 216 nutrition and H 1: 3, 5 Strokes, comparison of S 4: 730 (ill.) Stubbornness H 3: 329 Stuttering H 3: 336 speech-language pathologists and H 2: 200 Subarachnoid hemorrhage S 1: 166; 4: 728

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Subatomic H 2: 271 Subdural hematoma S 4: 668 Substance addiction. See Addiction Substance abuse H 3: 384–86 managed care and H 2: 161–63 Substance abuse counselors H 2: 180 Substance P B 2: 180 Substantia nigra S 3: 571 Sudden infant death syndrome S 4: 734–39 Sugar addiction H 3: 398 Sugaring, for hair removal H 1: 42 Sugars. See Carbohydrates Suicide H 3: 325, 340 (ill.), 341, 369 Sulci B 2: 186 Sulfa drugs H 2: 246 Sulfadoxine S 3: 500 Sulfanomides H 2: 246 Sulfasalazine S 4: 781 Sulfonylurea S 2: 255 Sulfur dioxide H 1: 113, 120 Sulfuric acid, in acid rain H 1: 119 Sun, protection from H 1: 36–38, 37 (ill.) Sunburns H 1: 37 Sunscreening agents H 1: 37 Superego H 3: 410, 412–13


Taste buds

Support groups H 3: 438–39 for eating disorders H 3: 374, 374 (ill.) for stress management H 2: 215 Suppression H 2: 271 Suppressor T cells B 1: 136 Surgery aspirin and H 2: 244 naturopathy and H 2: 279 Swallowing B 1: 46 Sweat B 1: 103, 104, 107, 134 Sweat glands B 1: 65, 100, 103 Sweating in drug rehabilitation H 3: 401 with exercise H 1: 107 (ill.) Swedish massage H 2: 285–86. See also Massage therapy Sweets, in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 12 Swimmer’s ear H 1: 45–46 Swimming H 1: 99–100, 99 (ill.) Symadine S 3: 429 Symmetrel S 3: 429 Sympathetic nervous system B 1: 19; 2: 176, 194, 195 Symptomatic epilepsy S 2: 288 Symptoms H 2: 271 Synapses B 2: 191, 192 (ill.) H 3: 298 in learning H 3: 310–11 Synergist muscle B 1: 166 Synesthesia B 2: 324 Synovial fluid S 1: 69

Synovial membrane B 2: 279 S 1: 69; 3: 445 Synthetic drugs, endocrine disrupters from H 1: 132 Synthetic materials H 1: 113, 382 as source of radiation H 1: 112 Syphilis B 2: 231, 233 S 4: 660 H 1: 81 Systemic circulation B 1: 9, 22 Systemic lupus erythematosus. See Lupus Systemic onset juvenile arthritis S 3: 448 Systole B 1: 16, 17 Systolic blood pressure B 1: 18 S 2: 406

T Tacrine S 1: 45 Tai chi H 1: 98 (ill.); 2: 215 Talus B 2: 275 Tamoxifen S 1: 124 Tampons, use of S 4: 769 H 1: 51–52, 52 (ill.) Tanner, J.M. H 1: 61, 64 Tap water, illness prevention and H 2: 209 Tapeworms B 1: 61 Tarsal bones B 2: 275 Taste. See Special senses, taste Taste buds B 2: 324, 326, 326 (ill.), 332

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Taste receptors

Taste receptors B 2: 324 Tattoos B 1: 119 Tay–Sachs disease S 4: 741–44 TB. See Tuberculosis T–cells B 1: 82, 130, 131, 136, 137, 144 S 1: 17 Teachers, physicians as H 2: 190 Team sports H 1: 100–101, 100 (ill.) Tears B 1: 134; 2: 320 Teeth B 1: 35, 36, 46, 51, 62 H 1: 42–44, 45 bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 nutrition and H 1: 1 sugars and H 1: 5, 15 Television food and H 1: 21 as source of radiation H 1: 113, 116 (ill.) Temperament H 3: 298 babies and H 3: 303 mental health and H 3: 301–5 Temporal lobe B 2: 186, 187 Temporalis muscle B 1: 159 Temporomandibular joint disorders S 4: 745–48 Tendinitis S 4: 748–52 H 1: 86, 107 Tendons B 1: 158, 158 (ill.); 2: 275, 278 Tendons, inflammation of. See Tendinitis Tennis H 1: 101 Tennis elbow S 4: 749 H 1: 107–8 Terman, Lewis H 3: 316

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Termiticides H 1: 117 Testes B 1: 75, 80, 85; 2: 207, 210, 211, 214, 233 Testicles H 1: 54, 59, 60, 62 Testicular cancer B 2: 233 Testosterone B 1: 11, 76, 77, 80, 85; 2: 207, 219 S 3: 601 H 1: 59, 60 in girls H 1: 60 Tetanus B 1: 170, 171 S 4: 752–56 Thalamus B 2: 184 Thalassemia S 1: 55 THC H 3: 389 Therapeutic asanas H 2: 292 Therapeutic drug replacement H 2: 157 Therapists. See specific therapists, such as Occupational therapists Thermal burns S 1: 141–43 Thinking, abstract. See Abstract thinking Thinking in Pictures S 1: 106 Thompson, Samuel H 2: 270 Thomsonianism H 2: 270 Thoracentesis S 3: 587 Thoracic H 2: 187 Thoracic anatomy B 2: 271 (ill.) Thoracic duct B 1: 125 Thorndike, E.L. H 3: 422


Trachea

Throat B 1: 40 (ill.) bulimia nervosa and H 3: 367 Thrombocytes B 1: 15 Thrombolytics S 2: 359 Thrombosis S 1: 88 Thymosins B 1: 73, 82 Thymus B 1: 72, 82, 130 Thyroid B 1: 71, 72, 79, 81, 91–93, 144 S 2: 419 H 1: 113 Thyroid cartilage B 2: 241 Thyroid-stimulating hormone B 1: 70, 78, 79, 81 Thyroxine B 1: 71, 79, 81, 91, 93 Tibia B 2: 274, 275 (ill.) Tibialis anterior muscle B 1: 162 Ticks S 3: 492 Tics H 3: 325 in Tourette’s disorder H 3: 335 Tidal air B 2: 247 Tinea H 1: 49 Tinea capitis S 4: 629 Tinea corporis S 4: 628 Tinea cruris S 4: 629 Tinea unguium S 4: 629 Tobacco, nicotine from H 2: 257 Tobacco smoke H 1: 122–23, 123 (ill.), 129

Toenails H 1: 48. See also Nails Toeprints B 1: 100 Tolerance H 3: 382, 385 Tongue B 1: 34, 46; 2: 326 (ill.) in alternative medicine H 2: 291 hygiene for H 1: 43 Tonic–clonic seizures S 2: 289 Tonometer S 2: 324 Tonsillectomy S 4: 756, 758 (ill.) Tonsillitis B 1: 149–50, 149 (ill.) S 4: 723, 756–60, 757 (ill.) Tonsils B 1: 35, 129, 149 S 4: 756 Tooth decay B 1: 51 S 4: 760–64 Toothbrushes H 1: 43 Topical H 2: 241 Topical decongestants H 2: 250 Touch B 2: 315 Touch receptors B 1: 100, 108 (ill.), 109 Tourette syndrome S 4: 765–69 H 3: 325, 335–36 Toxic dilation of the colon S 4: 781, 783 Toxic shock syndrome S 4: 769–72 H 1: 52 Toxins H 1: 33, 113, 241 Trace minerals H 2: 233. See also Minerals Trachea B 1: 39, 47, 134; 2: 239, 241, 243, 252

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Traction

Trachea (continued) S 1: 129; 2: 277 Traction S 2: 310 Trainers, fitness H 1: 105 Training for acupuncturists H 2: 167–68 for art chiropractors H 2: 170–71 for art therapists H 2: 169 for dentists H 2: 171–72 for dietitians H 2: 174 for emergency medical technicians H 2: 176 for health services administrators H 2: 177–78 for mental health counselors H 2: 180 for occupational therapists H 2: 182 for optometrists H 2: 183 for pharmacists H 2: 184–85 for physical therapists H 2: 187 for physicians H 2: 190 for psychologists H 2: 192 for radiological technologists H 2: 195 for registered nurses H 2: 197 for social workers H 2: 199 for speech-language pathologists H 2: 200–201 for substance abuse counselors H 2: 180 Tranquilizers S 1: 104; 2: 360 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation S 2: 346 Transference H 3: 413 Transient H 2: 241 Transient insomnia H 2: 258 Translocation S 2: 260 Trapezius muscle B 1: 160 Tretinoin S 1: 2 Triceps brachii muscle B 1: 160, 166 Trichomoniasis H 1: 50 Tricuspid valve B 1: 5 Triglyceride S 1: 88

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Triskadekaphobia H 3: 345 Trisomy S 2: 260 TSS H 1: 52 Tuberculosis B 2: 259 S 4: 773–80 H 2: 219 Tweezing, for hair removal H 1: 41 Twelve-step program S 1: 8, 12 Twins identical H 3: 298 nature vs. nurture studies and H 3: 299–300 with schizophrenia H 3: 342–43 Tympanic membrane B 2: 322 S 2: 351 Type I diabetes S 2: 252 Type II diabetes S 2: 252

U Ulcerative colitis B 1: 57, 59 (ill.) S 4: 781–85, 782 (ill.), 784 (ill.) Ulcers S 2: 395; 4: 786–91 Ulcers, diabetic B 1: 91 (ill.) Ulcers, digestive B 1: 59–61, 60 (ill.) Ulna B 2: 272 Ultrasound S 1: 175 H 2: 166 Umbilical cord B 2: 225 Umbo B 2: 322 Unconscious, collective H 3: 415–16


Vagus nerve

Underwear, genital hygiene and H 1: 53, 54 Undifferentiated schizophrenia S 4: 644 Unipolar depression. See Major depression United States departments (See names of individual departments, e.g., Department of Agriculture) vs. foreign health care systems H 2: 142–43 health care systems in H 2: 140–41 Unplanned pregnancy H 1: 76–79 Unsaturated fats H 1: 2 in food pyramid H 1: 13 as nutrient H 1: 3. See also Fats ‘‘Uppers’’. See Amphetamines Uranium H 1: 113 radon from H 1: 114 Urea B 2: 293, 299 Ureters B 2: 293, 297, 298 (ill.) Urethra B 2: 207, 211, 213, 214, 218, 293, 297, 299, 303, 310 S 1: 234 H 1: 33, 49–50, 59, 60, 64 Urethral sphincter, external B 2: 299, 303, 304 Urethral sphincter, internal B 2: 297, 303 Urethritis B 2: 310 S 1: 233 Urgent care, vs. emergencies H 2: 152–55, 153 (ill.), 154 (ill.) Uric acid B 2: 299 Uric acid crystals S 1: 74 (ill.) Urinary bladder B 2: 293, 297, 303–06, 310 Urinary incontinence B 2: 304, 309 Urinary system B 2: 293–313, 296 (ill.)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) B 2: 310, 311 (ill.) H 1: 49–50 bed-wetting and H 3: 337 Urination B 2: 303 Urine B 2: 211, 214, 218, 293, 297, 299–304 Urology H 2: 187 Urophobia H 3: 345 U.S. See United States Uterine cancer B 2: 234 Uterine fibroids B 2: 235, 235 (ill.) Uterine tubes B 2: 216 Uterus B 1: 75, 80, 85; 2: 214, 217, 221, 222 H 1: 51, 59, 64 Utricle B 2: 323, 330 Uvula B 1: 34, 47

V Vaccines B 1: 138, 139 S 2: 280 H 1: 33; 2: 219 (ill.) homeopathy and H 2: 273 recommended H 2: 219 Vagina B 2: 214, 217, 222 H 1: 33, 49–50, 59, 64 yeast infections and H 2: 256 Vaginal discharges H 1: 49–50 Vaginal orgasms H 1: 72 Vaginal yeast infections B 2: 226 Vaginitis H 1: 50 Vagus nerve B 2: 184

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Valproate

Valproate S 1: 121 Varavix S 1: 181 Varicella. See Chickenpox Varicella–zoster immune globulin (VZIG) S 1: 181 Varicella–zoster virus S 1: 181 Varicose veins medicine for H 2: 253 St. John’s Wort for H 2: 267 Variola S 4: 697 Vas deferens B 2: 211 H 1: 59, 60 Vasculitis S 1: 111 Vasoconstrictors H 2: 241 Vasodilator S 2: 361, 406 Vector S 2: 378 Vegans H 1: 2, 24–26. See also Nutrition Vegetables carbohydrates from H 1: 8 in dietary guidelines H 1: 5 in food pyramid H 1: 6, 6 (ill.), 8–9 in healthy diets H 1: 14; 2: 207 Vegetarians H 1: 2, 24–26, 25 (ill.) meat food group and H 1: 12 Veins B 1: 7, 8 (ill.), 9 Vena cava B 1: 9, 127 Veneer H 1: 33 for whiter teeth H 1: 45 Venereal diseases B 2: 230 Venereal warts B 2: 231 Ventricles B 1: 5, 17

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Venules B 1: 7 Vertebrae B 2: 188, 270 H 2: 271 chiropractic and H 2: 283–85 Vertebral column B 2: 188, 190, 269, 270, 288, 289 Vestibule B 2: 323 Videostroboscopies H 2: 200 Villi B 1: 42, 48, 124 Violence, in conduct disorder H 3: 329–30 Viral sore throat S 4: 706, 707 Virginity H 1: 63, 71 Viruses S 2: 280 H 2: 207 colds from H 2: 251 STDs from H 1: 80–81 Vision ginkgo biloba and H 2: 266 testing of H 2: 220 Vision disorders S 4: 793–99 Visualization, memory and H 3: 308 Vitamin A in fruits and vegetables H 1: 8 in ginseng H 2: 266 in preventing illness H 2: 207, 208, 233 Vitamin B6 H 2: 266 Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia S 1: 55 Vitamin C in drug rehabilitation H 3: 401 in fruits and vegetables H 1: 8 iron absorption and H 1: 13 in preventing illness H 2: 207, 208, 233 Vitamin D B 1: 107, 108; 2: 287, 288 S 4: 656 from milk group H 1: 9–10


Winning, in sports

in preventing illness H 2: 233 Vitamin D deficiency B 2: 287 Vitamin E in preventing illness H 2: 207, 208, 233 Vitamins H 1: 2; 2: 233 (ill.) in fruits and vegetables H 1: 8–9; 2: 207–8 in grain products H 1: 5 illness prevention and H 2: 232–33, 235 (ill.) from milk group H 1: 9–10 as nutrients H 1: 3–4 Vitiligo B 1: 116, 117, 118 (ill.) S 4: 684, 688 (ill.) Vitreous humor B 2: 319, 327 Vocal cords B 2: 241 Vocal cords with laryngitis S 3: 458 (ill.) Vocal tics S 4: 765 VOCs. See Volatile organic compounds Voice, loss of. See Laryngitis Voice box B 2: 241 Voices, in schizophrenia H 3: 342 Volatile organic compounds H 1: 113, 120 Volume reduction surgery S 2: 277 Voluntary responses, in operant conditioning H 3: 312 Vomiting, bulimia nervosa and H 3: 357 Von Basch, Samuel Siegried S 2: 410 Vulva B 2: 217 H 1: 49–50, 59, 63

W Walking H 1: 101

War, PTSD and H 3: 347–49 Warming up, for exercise H 2: 230, 230 (ill.) Warts B 1: 118, 118 (ill.), 119 S 4: 801–06, 803 (ill.), 804 (ill.) Warts, genital. See Genital warts Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia H 3: 373 Water illness prevention and H 2: 209–10 as nutrient H 1: 3–4 Wax, in ears H 1: 45–46 Waxing, for hair removal H 1: 42 Weathers, Beck S 2: 320 (ill.) Weight, body. See Body weight Weight loss aids for H 2: 259–60, 260 (ill.) programs for H 1: 23–24 Weights (Exercise) for building muscles H 1: 89, 89 (ill.) for strengthening bones H 1: 90 Wellness H 2: 165 Wet dreams. See Nocturnal emissions Wetterhahn, Karen B 1: 105, 105 (ill.) Whiplash S 4: 807–09 White blood cells B 1: 11, 14, 15, 130, 134–36 White matter B 2: 182, 186, 188 Whiteheads H 1: 35. See also Acne Whiteners, for teeth H 1: 45 Whole person in Adlerian psychology H 3: 416 in naturopathy H 2: 277 Whooping cough S 4: 809–14 Winning, in sports H 1: 93

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Withdrawal

Withdrawal S 1: 8

Y

Withdrawal symptoms S 1: 29, 30 H 3: 382 from alcohol H 3: 396 autism and H 3: 333 from marijuana use H 3: 390 substance abuse and H 3: 387, 388

Yang, vs. yin H 2: 280 Yannas, Ioannis V. B 1: 113 Yawning B 2: 258 Yeast infections H 1: 50, 54; 2: 241, 256 Yellow fever S 2: 380 Yin, vs. yang H 2: 280 Yoga H 1: 86, 101–2; 2: 271, 292–94, 293 (ill.); 3: 426–28 asanas in H 2: 292 benefits of H 2: 294 cramps and H 1: 67 naturopathy and H 2: 276 pranayama in H 2: 292–93 samadhi in H 2: 294 for stress management H 2: 215 Yogurt in food pyramid H 1: 6 (ill.), 8–9 in healthy diets H 1: 14–15 Yuppie flu S 1: 186

Withdrawal therapy S 1: 12 Womb B 2: 217 Women’s health homeopathy and H 2: 273 osteoporosis and H 1: 10 Women’s Sports Foundation H 1: 92 Woody Guthrie’s disease B 2: 201 Wounds, prevention of H 2: 222–23 Wrestlers, exercise addiction and H 3: 361 Wrist S 1: 160 (ill.) Writing, memory and H 3: 309 Written expression disorders H 3: 330

X X rays S 1: 148 radiological technologists and H 2: 193 as source of radiation H 1: 113 Xenophobia H 3: 345

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Z Zinc in ginseng H 2: 266 in preventing illness H 2: 208, 234 Zoophobia H 3: 345 Zygomatic bones B 2: 268 Zygote B 2: 223


U·X·L complete health resource cumulative index

Grzimek's Student Animal Life Resource - Cumulative Index

UXL Complete Life Science Resource Edition 1