Use of High Science Tools in Integrated Watershed Management

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Use of High Science Tools in Integrated Watershed Management Proceedings of the National Symposium

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Citation: Wani SP, Sahrawat KL and Kaushal K Garg (eds.). 2011. Use of High Science Tools in Integrated Watershed Management. Proceedings of the National Symposium, 1–2 Feb 2010, NASC Complex, New Delhi, India. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. ISBN 978-92-9066-540-3. CPE 169. 328 pp.

Acknowledgement We sincerely thank Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, for sponsoring the symposium. We are grateful to National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT), Sir Ratan Tata Trust (SRTT) for co-sponsoring the event. We thank the help of Mr Prabhat Kumar, Director, Business and &RXQWU\5HODWLRQV,&5,6$7/LDLVRQ2I¿FHIRUFRRUGLQDWLQJWKHZRUNVKRS We thank Ms N Shalini for language editing; Mr KNV Satyanarayana, Mr Arun Pal and Ms Jyothi for administrative support; Mr Y Prabhakar Rao and 0V16UL/DNVKPLIRUORJLVWLFDOVXSSRUWDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ2I¿FH,&5,6$7 for production of this report.

Organizing Committee Co-Chairs SP Wani Prabhat Kumar Members

P Pathak Kaushal Garg Arun Pal KNV Satyanarayana

Secretarial Support Y Prabhakara Rao Jyoti Sharma N Sri Lakshmi © International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2011. All rights reserved. ICRISAT holds the copyright to its publications, but these can be shared and duplicated for noncommercial purposes. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part(s) or all of any publication for non-commercial use is hereby granted as long as ICRISAT is properly cited. For any clarification, please contact the Director of Communication at [email protected]. ICRISAT’s name and logo are registered trademarks and may not be used without permission. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice.

Use of High Science Tools in Integrated Watershed Management Proceedings of the National Symposium 1–2 February 2010 NASC Complex, New Delhi, India

Editors SP Wani, KL Sahrawat and Kaushal K Garg

Organized by

in collaboration with

Department of Land Resources Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India

Sponsored by Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT) Sir Ratan Tata Trust (SRTT) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

and

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2011

Objectives of the Symposium ‡ 7  REULQJWRJHWKHUWKHOHDUQLQJVSRWHQWLDODQGOLYHH[DPSOHVIURPWKH SUDFWLWLRQHUVXVLQJKLJKVFLHQFHWRROVEHQH¿WLQJUDLQIHGDJULFXOWXUH ‡ 7  RVHQVLWL]HVHQLRUSROLF\PDNHUVDERXWWKHSRWHQWLDORIKLJKVFLHQFH WRROV IRU HQKDQFLQJ LPSDFW RI ,QWHJUDWHG :DWHUVKHG 0DQDJHPHQW 3URJUDPLQ,QGLD ‡ 7  R GHYHORS UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV IRU KDUQHVVLQJ WKH EHQH¿WV RI KLJK VFLHQFHWRROVIRUHIIHFWLYHDQGHI¿FLHQWLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH,:03

Contents +DUQHVVLQJ1HZ6FLHQFH7RROVWKURXJK,:03WR8QORFN 3RWHQWLDORI5DLQIHG$JULFXOWXUH Suhas P Wani, AVR Kesava Rao and Kaushal K Garg .................. 1 $SSOLFDWLRQRI*HRPDWLFVLQ:DWHUVKHG3ULRULWL]DWLRQ 0RQLWRULQJDQG(YDOXDWLRQ±&5,'$¶V([SHULHQFH B Venkateswarlu, KV Rao, Kaushalya Ramachandran and UK Mandal ............................................................................. 49 8VHRI+L6FLHQFH7RROVLQ,:03 Rita Teaotia and Ram Kumar ....................................................... 66 8VHRI0RGHOLQJLQ:DWHUVKHG3ODQQLQJ Alok K Sikka, DR Sena, VN Sharda and RS Kurothe................... 90 $SSOLFDWLRQRI(FRQRPHWLF0HWKRGVIRU$VVHVVLQJWKH ,PSDFWRI:DWHUVKHG3URJUDPV K Palanisami, D Suresh Kumar and Suhas P Wani ................... 106 5HFHQW'HYHORSPHQWVLQ9DGRVH=RQH+\GURORJ\ 2SSRUWXQLWLHVDQG&KDOOHQJHVIRU6XVWDLQDEOH8WLOL]DWLRQ RI:DWHUDQG1XWULHQWVIRU(QKDQFLQJ3URGXFWLYLW\ BS Das ....................................................................................... 127 8VHRI$JURFOLPDWLF'DWDVHWVIRU,PSURYHG3ODQQLQJRI :DWHUVKHGV AVR Kesava Rao, Suhas P Wani and Piara Singh..................... 145 $GYDQFHVLQ*HRVSDWLDO7HFKQRORJLHVLQ,QWHJUDWHG :DWHUVKHG0DQDJHPHQW PS Roy, T Ravisankar and K Sreenivas ..................................... 156 *,6%DVHG0RQLWRULQJ6\VWHPVIRU,QWHJUDWHG:DWHUVKHG 0DQDJHPHQW PG Diwakar and SG Mayya........................................................ 179

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Harnessing New Science Tools through IWMP to Unlock Potential of Rain-fed Agriculture Suhas P Wani, AVR Kesava Rao and Kaushal K Garg ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&URSV5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWHIRUWKH6HPL$ULG7URSLFV,&5,6$7 3DWDQFKHUX$QGKUD3UDGHVK,QGLD

Abstract Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) are characterized by highly variable rainfall, poor soils, low yields and poor developmental infrastructure. Watershed management is now an accepted strategy for development of rainfed agriculture in these areas. New science tools like remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), water balance, simulation modeling, information and communication technology (ICT) are currently being used very widely in irrigated and well-endowed areas. Importance of these tools in the SAT areas is now well understood and recognized. Application of new science tools in rain-fed agriculture opens up new vistas for development through integrated watershed management programs (IWMP). ICRISAT in partnership with national agricultural research systems and advanced research institutes in Asia has applied new science tools for enhancing the productivity of rain-fed systems in the SAT through science-led development. The remarkable developments in space technology currently offers satellites, which provide better spatial and spectral resolutions, more frequent revisits, stereo viewing and on board recording capabilities. High spatial and temporal resolution satellite data could be effectively used for watershed management and monitoring activities at land ownership level. Techniques are also successfully used for preparing detailed thematic maps, watershed development plans and continuous monitoring of the natural resources in rain-fed areas. Synergy of GIS and Web Technology allows access to dynamic geospatial watershed information without burdening the users with complicated and expensive software. Use of smart sensor network along with GIS, RS, simulation modeling and ICT opens up new opportunities for developing intelligent watershed management information systems. These tools can help in improving the rural livelihoods and contribute substantially to meet the millennium development goals of halving the number of hungry people by 2015 and achieving food security through enhanced use HI¿FLHQF\RIVFDUFHQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVVXFKDVODQGDQGZDWHULQWKH tropical countries. 1

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