UNIT '4 4
p a g e5
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p a g e3 3
*
a.-V
page 47
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6 page 75
r LESSON
L E S S O Nz
question tags Gra...
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UNIT '4 4
p a g e5
page19
p a g e3 3
*
a.-V
page 47
page51
6 page 75
r LESSON
L E S S O Nz
question tags Grammar: Cando:checkinformation
Grammar:any/every/n o/some Vocabulary:makingadiectivesfrom nouns C a nd o : e x p r e s sa g r e e m e n t / d i s a g r e e m e n t
futuresoverview Grammar: verbphrases aboutwork Vocabulary: Cando:talkaboutfutureplansandmake predictio ns
Grammar:FuturePerfectand FutureContinuous Vocabulary:'after work' activities C a nd o : d o a s u r v e ya n d r e p o r t h e r e s u l t s
narratlve tenses Grammar: timeexpressions Vocabutary: Cando:writea shortstory
G r a m m a ra: r t i c l e s Vocabulary:materials C a nd o : t a l k a b o u tm a t e r i a l sp, o s s e s s i o nasn d i n v e n t i no s
(r) if structures Grammar: Cando:rvritea diaryentry
G r a m m a re: x p r e s s i nogb l i g a t i o n Vocabulary:physicaImovements C a nd o : e x p l a i nh o wt o d o s o m e t h i n g
Grammar:usedto/getusedto/would V o c a b u t a r ya:p p e a r a n c e C a nd o : d e s c r i b ea p p e a r a n c e
Grammar:expressing ability C a nd o : t a l k a b o u tm e m o r i e s
G r a m m a rP: r e s e nPt e r f e cSt i m p l ea n d C o n t i un o u s Vocabutary:adjectiveswith -ed and -ing
Grammar: ouestions Vocabulary: weather Cando:askandanswer ouestions aboutunusual olaces
endings C a nd o : w r i t ea n i n f o r m ael m a i l
= € page89
* page1o3
page 777
1# page131
G r a m m a rc: o u n t a b l e a n d u n c o u n t a b lneo u n s V o c a b u l a r yf o : o da n d c o o k i n g C a nd o : d e s c r i b eh o w t o p r e p a r ea n d c o o ka dish
Grammar: oassives Vocabulary: verbphrases aboutmoney Cando:writea forma[ letterof comolaint
Grammar: lt's time/lA rather/'d better g personality Vocabulary:describin C a nd o : d e s c r i b ed i f f e r e ntty p e so f p e o p l e
G r a m m a rr:e p o r t e ds p e e c h Vocabulary:adjectivesand intensifiers C a nd o : r e p o r ta n d d e s c r i b e w h a t p e o p l es a yt o y o u
devices.e.g.After+ -ing Grammar:past modalsof deductionmust/might/ Grammar:sequencing can'thovedone V o c a b u l a r yl a : wa n di n s u r a n c e Vocabulary:compound adjectives Cando: te[[ a funnystory C a nd o : s p e c u l a t a e b o u tp a s te v e n t s er o n o u n s G r a m m a rr:e f l e x i v p C a nd o : a s ka b o u ta n d g i v ey o u ro w n b e l i e f s a n do p i n l o n s
G r a m m a rg: e r u n d sa n d i n f i n i t i v e s g Vocabulary:advertisin w r i t e t h e C a nd o : a r g u m e n tfso r a n d a g a i n s at p o i n t of view
COMMUNICATION P h r a s avIe r b s (retationships)
Yourfamilyhistory Goodrelations
C o l l o c a t i o nwsi t h prepositions
Thebestcandidate
Grammar: adjectives andadverbs Vocabulary: phrases verb withtake Cando:givea presentation abouta place
M a k i n gn o u n s
Lessons fromhistory Filmheroes
Grammar: emphasis Vocabulary: phrasal verbswithouf Cando:compare photographs andcontrast
D i s t a n c easn d dimensions
Takea risk
Grammar:olthoughtbuth owever/nevertheless Vocabulary: feelings Cando:talkaboutbooks
ldiomsdescribing Timecapsule people
H o m eR o a dM o v i e
Grammar: making comparisons Vocabutary: g/travettin g verbphrasesabout movin Cando:makecomparisons aboutplacesandpeople
Expressions withgo
Travelling companrons
Bhutan
Grammar: have/get somethingdone Vocabulary: animalexpressions Cando:talkaboutservices
Prefixes
C a nI h e l py o u ?
Vikings
Grammar: hardandhardly Cando:writea reportof surveyfindings
P h r a s a l v e r bwsi t h three'parts
R a d i oo h o n e - i n
Secrets of success
Grammar: retative clauses Cando:writean article
Newspaper headlines
M i n db e n d e r s
B u l l i o nR o b b e r y
(z) Grammar: f structures Vocabulary: speaking Cando:talkaboutyourregrets andresolutions
Commonly misspelt Howdoesyourmind YesPrime Minister woros work?
Dreamcareer
EllenMacArthur
1
Readthetextandmatchthe partsof speech a-[ belowto eachunderlined wordor phrase.
Complete the word mapswith words/ phrasesfrom the box below. do aerobics souvenir application form senseof humour tal<eup a hobby be promoted go sightseeingfather-in-law
ccordingto 1)the ancientGreekhistorian lt in the 7th centuryec Herodotus.
tI
7 A I 7 -,\ the king of Egypt,Psamtik1, decided to conducta lt scientificexperiment.Usinghis absolutepower overhis subjects,a)he took two nex'bornbabiesand handedthem to a shepherd, u'ith instructionsthat theywereto be 5)brought qp in total isolarion.Most importantly,no-one \\-asto speakin the babies'presence. Psamtik s'antedto find out what languagethe children *'ould speakif left to themselves. He thoughtthat the languagethey producedwould be the 6)oldest in the world - the original languageof the human race.After two years,the shepherdheardthe two children7)repeatedlypronouncethe word'becos'. Thiswasidentifiedasmeaning8)'bread'inthe languageof the Phrygians,a peoplethen living in centralTurkey.From this experiment,Psamtik deducedthat the Phrygianlanguagee)must be the first everspoken.Nobodynow believesPsamtik's 10)conclusion- a few commentatorssuggestthat the infants11)wereimitatingthe soundof the shepherd's sheep,but no-onesince12)hashad any better successin discoveringwhat man'svery first spokenlanguagewaslike.
a) b) c) d) e)
PresentPerfect PastContinuous uncountable noun phrasaI verb article 0 preposition
2
s> !-)
noun countable superlative adjective adverb k) pronoun l) modalverb
d h) i) j)
Findthegrammar in eachsentence. mistake 1 2
3
6 7 8 9
They'vebeento Brazillastyear. Thiscathedrat buittin r59o. She'sthe personwhattoldme I shouldstudy economics at university. I wasreadingin my roomwhenI washearing a loudcrashdownstairs. My gradesthisyeararea lot worstthan[ast yearunfortunately. Youworkfor lBM,aren'tyou? paintmy bedroomthis lf I'11 havetime,l'11 weekend. CanI giveyou a smalladvice? He'salwayswantedto be teacher.
orts and
?: Underline themainstressin eachword/ phrase. * Addthreemorewordsto eachwordmap. 4
a Lookat the dictionary extractbelowfromthe Longman ActiveStudyDictionary. Whatdoesit grammar, tellyouabouteachof thefollowing: pronunciation andmeaning? adl t showing good judgement: sen.si.ble /sensebel/ z a sensibledecision suitablefor a particular purpose,especiallya practicalone: senslb/eclothes - sensiblYadv
'fu
Complete the dictionary extracts belowby writinga definition foreachone. r
re.tirelrrtatelv[11 f'r! liitt: tr: st:ii:t l.rti-rtrt:i";;; ;j+
z
a.broad le'brctdl adv
_: Didyougo abroadfor yourlastholiday? 3 get on with sb phr v lTl I get on we[[with bothmy sisters. a pitch lptt[l nlC]
Theplayers ranoutontothepitch. yourdefinitions {.i Nowcompare withthe definitions in a dictionary. i.$Addthewords/phrases aboveto the word mapsin Ex.3a.
fu*m,d-$sb 3
Lookat the photos.Who arethe people?Howdo you thinkthey are connected?
ffi
r. Whatis the difference in meaningbetweenthe wordsin each pairbelow?Usea dictionaryif necessary. r step-sister/half-sister z colleague/acquaintance 3 soulmate/closefriend 4 partner/wife Readthe sentences. Whatdo the phrasesin italicsmean. I don'tthinkI madea verygoodfirstimpression on yourparents. Theydidn'tseemveryinterested in me. Thefirsttimewe met,wejust clicked.ltwasamazing. Westarted goingout soonafter. 3 Wehaveo lot in common.Of course,we bothworkfor the same company but we alsolikedoinglotsof the samekindsof things outsideof work. 4 My sisterand I don'treallyseeeyeto eyeon much.We'vealways argued- evenas chitdren. s Shethinksaboutthingsin the samewayas me.I reatlyfeelon the samewavelengthas her. Discuss. Whoarethe peopleyoufeelyou havemostin commonwith?Doyou alwaysfeelon the samewavetength? Why/Whynot?
Rea*ing 1
* Discuss. Whatarethreeimportant characteristics of a 'goodfriend'? fu Readthetext.Doesit referto youthoughtof? anycharacteristics
il! tlt*f;!'*tt$ 3fi3tvi€nds e&*ll$srs**? *:fig#$ ffi*? ffiH!*s:t3$ $nai.erage - $ili 0nlysitr*l tlt*E::sE$t l}Hts $t#fte$ Ei'E sarFiefr {ili#std$E &*$s-e$e -#€,** lrisfi$: *ssffift#$ tr surtjsy l0 litt$*lEtF€l:*t A friendshouldbe therefor you all the time,notjust whenthey wantto be.Theywill keepin toucheventhoughyou maybe far apart.Someof my closestfriendsliveabroadbut it doesn'treally makea lot of difference. Maciek,19, Poland whoyou havea lot in common To me a goodfriendis someone withthem.l'm very with.Youcanshareyourbeliefsandpassions luckyas I havethreeor four peoplelikethat but I'm stilllookingfor my soulmate. Haruki,25,Japan
I
to. whoyou cantrustandtell secrets I thinka goodfriendis somebody mine had of you. that a friend out found lf I ever Theywill neverlreto liedto me,I knowI couldn'tbe friendswiththemanymore. Emily,14, Britain
A goodfriend: r
whoyoucanfeelcompletely I thinkthata truefriendis someone with andyou don'thaveto makeyourselfintosomeone comfortable you'renot.Theyshouldacceptyou for whoyou areand not try to changeyou, Mercedes, 31,Spain
z 3 4
for agesfor themto be I don'tthinkyou needto haveknownsomeone a reallygoodfriend.ButI do thinkthattheyshouldbe therewhenyou you reallyneedthem. feeldownor whenever Rachel,L5,NewZealand
5 6
A goodfriendis someone who listensto you but,at the sametime, you say.Theyshoulddefinitely tell doesn'tjust agreewith everything you if theythinkyou'remakinga mistakealthoughthat canbe hard. Debbie,23, SouthAfrica will be a reallygoodfriendas soonasyou I thinkyou knowsomeone Then,the mostimportant meetthem.Youjust clickstraightaway. thingis trust.Youhaveto knowtheywill alwayslookout for you and be totallyloyalto you. Stefano,21, ltaly who It'ssomeone who is kind,hasa goodsenseof humour,someone I'm not veryniceto my bestfriendbut she forgiveseasily!Sometimes knowsI don'tmeanit, so shedoesn'tmindreally. Lanza,16, USA Forme to callsomeonea reallygoodfriend,we haveto seeeyeto eye on mostthings.I don'tneedto havecontactall the time but,whenI wantto feelwe'reon the samewavelength. do, I definitely Mick,35, lreland
Readthe text againand find who hasthe followingviews.
7 8
3
findsthesamethings funnythatyoudo is similarto you doesn'twantyouto be different doesn'talwayssaythat youareright youwhenyou supports feelmiserable or upset doesn'tontysupportyou whenit'sconvenient for them is atwayson yourside won'ttetlotherpeopte yoursecrets
Discuss. r
Whichviewsfromthe text do youhave? z Doyouthinkpeoptetook for differentthingsin friendsastheygetolder?lf so,whyandhow? 3 Haveyoueverfallenout witha goodfriend? What happened?
iting 4
5
6
Discuss. Whendo you writeor get notes/ messages?
st Listen to threeanswerphone messages. Whatis thepurpose of eachone? b Listenagainandmakenotesof the important information. Then,writea brief message to eachpersonusingyournotes.
a Lookat thesenotesand messages and d e c i d ew h i c ho n ei s :
,l
Readthefollowing statements andtellother students whichonesyouagreewithandwhy. . lt'simportant to holdonto yourgoodfriends. . Having oneveryclosefriendisthemost important thing. . Newfriends willreplace oldfriends. . Family arealways moreimportant thanfriends.
I
Listen to HarryandFiona talkingabout theirideasof friendsandfriendship. Whichof theviewsfromEx.7 doesHarryhave?
S
Listenagain.Makenotesaboutthepeoplethey talkaboutandhowtheyaresignificant. - Fiono'sbestfriendat school Angelina
r makingan apology z enclosed withsomething else an appointment 3 tryingto rearrange someone to do something 4 reminding passing on message a fromsomebody else 5 h Readthem againand decidewho mighthave written eachone: a) wife, b) friend,c) flatmate, d) work colleague,e) brother.
Julie,
lunch? Al i stoi r
Thisisthe 6ookl war lellingyov about *Hopeyou like if. (Mvm anADad AiA!)
Vijay
mlTen? Reb lt som +a14edab,oqt temrte. !R'r,,aA*.^
= ak?llotzzd
623 625
:
1 0 Discuss. ls yoursituation withyourfriends morelikeHarry's or Fiona's? In whatways?
e Whichwords havebeenleftoutin the notes/messages above? Theyare marl<ed with*.
Lifelong learning
* Message E is a textmessage. What do theabbreviated words,e.g.'r' mean?
Whichof yourfriendsor familyspeakEnglish betterthanyoudo?Whatdid theydo to reach thislevelof English? Findoutandseeif anyof theirstrategies mighthelpyou.
Gettingodvice
tags ar: I question
Gra
1 3 e*,Complete the examples r-5 in theActive grammar box.
11 a Complete in theActive theexamptes grammar boxwiththe missing auxitiary verb, e.g.is,don't, etc. Active grammar
l
Active grammar (2) t l'm too late,_ l? yourself you? z Help to a coffee,_ get Let's o h, sand we? 3 _ you? 4 Younevergo to the theotre,_ ng today,_ it7 5 Nothing went 6 Nobodyhas complained, they? _
(1)
you? Youhavea bestfriend,_ 2 Youhad o bestfriendat school,_ you? it? 3 That'sjust the waylife is,_ 4 Youcon't keepin touchwith everybody, 7
you?
:.::::rrl
,i;i|irll :,::l:ll,
l:,r,rili,:l: lll::.rrii, il :.i}:,:ll:l:l
We usuallyput negativequestiontags afteraffirmative sentences and affirmative tagsafternegativesentences. lf the mainsentence hasan auxiliary verb,e.g. is,con,etc.,this is repeatedin the question tag. lf the mainsentence hasno auxiliary, the questiontag is a formof the verbdo. :::i:iill{ii::.:i-1iLjl1i:i:1:1ii}1i:i:al!lt1:a:ltiiltl1,l:1.!1r?ilii+!t
:lr::ia.r:;l
i: :
b Whichexamples doesRuleB apptyto and whichexamples doesRuleC applyto?
':i.:ii: il. l,l ,l lr;::l r:r.: rari riii .t;.1..1i.11 :: l i1::
,ll :ral.;, t, ,,:l:tl; ,. .:'::::t:'.l 'r,:ili,lli:,1 .l.' ..i.:li.lll i:,irr:1:,r:i
':: .i:I ri:.:ir .
,:rlLtl::,':' iil;::ri::i': ii:-l:i:l:i i 'i.4,;-::, :::.:,ir:.i,.
..1::
A Thequestiontag for I am is Afterimperatives we oftenusethe guestiontag _ to invitepeopleto do things. After[ef's we usethe questiontag After negativewordslike never,no, hordly,etc.we usea positive/negative questiontag. Afternothingwe useit/thev in question tags. F Afternobody,somebody,etc.we usej!/ thevinquestion tags. irr:i.
:
;
I
::rr
rt
,:11.,:r.r-i:.,r,r-rr:rr:r,:.r:tt,:iriir;trt:U,,:ili:tii:tli:
poge17 seeReference
r2 a
Readtheinterview belowbetween Simon andhisboss,Jo.Threeof thequestion tagsare incorrect. Findandcorrect them. you've So,Simon, beenwiththecompany Jo: for nearlya yearnow,aren'tyou? S i m o nYes, : that'sright. You worked International forThomson Jo: beforethen,didn'tyou? S i m o nYes, : for fiveyears. Andyoufeethappyherenow,don'tyou? Jo: S i m o nAbsotutely, : it's a greatjob andeveryone's beenreallyfriendly. Now,you'reclearaboutyourtargetsfor lo: thisyear,isn'tyou? Simon:Yes,I thinkso.Wehaveto increase last year'ssalesby t5%,don'twe? That'sright.lf thathappens theneveryone Jo: getsa zoolo bonuswhicheveryone wittbe veryhappyabout,won'tthey? Simon:Definitely. Now,on the subjectof yourpunctuality. Jo: good,wasit? Thathasn'tbeenparticularty S i m o nA : hy e s ,n o wI c a ne x p l a itnh a t . . .
b @
L i s t e na n dc h e c k v o u r a n s w e r s .
Es Refer to theexamples r-6 andcomplete the rulesA-Fin theActivegrammar box. pagerZ seeReference 14 a Complete thesentences. getting r She's veryta[[,_?. z Theydon'tseemto liketheirpresent, Youhaven'tbeenwaitinglong, Wecan'tleavethe partyearly, Let'sgo andseea film, Dosit down. ? 7 Nothingseemsto be goingright, 8 l'm beinga bit sitty,_?. 3 4 5 6
bs
')
Listen andcheckyouranswers.
e Decide whether eachsentence is a) checking information, b) askingforagreement, c) asking someone to do something, d) makinganoffer or a suggestion.
Person to person 15 a Writeoneor twofactsyouthinkyouknow aboutthreeotherstudents in yourclass. yourfactsby askingtheperson, h Check using question anappropriate tag.
aa.Decide if eachexample sentence in the grammar Active boxis corrector not.
D
':|:jj:'li iii iiiiliiir:,:i :riirr:ri::i:ii.:ri':'ri: "l.i:::i:;,1:lr:i:l:::lliili,,ll::ilnl:::'lii:ilailil:iir'i :tt:i:artt::: :i,::::r1:]:
A Anybodycon learn to juggle. B Everybodycan learn to juggle.
r;-a::::l: '
:l'j ,'''
Active g'rammar
'
.,i],,,4,:,, :':'l:ii;.:r:
c Do you wantsomethingto eat?
.':1.::r::::'
you wantonythingto eat? :,,,,,--,,,D Do :jlr:|:r:il:
E I've lookedanywherefor my keys. F l've lookedeve erebut I can't find ::.::'.:::.:::. ::: '.::11.::: ' my keys. r:' ra:r.-::1:l:
::i:ll,l::, ::::,)l'::,1:
LS"steatizag 3
Discuss. r Doyouknowany[argefamilies? z Whatdo youthinkarethe goodandbadthings aboutbeingbroughtup as partof a large famity? 3 Howwouldyoufeelaboutworkingwitha memberof yourfamity?
g
Listento this extractfrom a radio ffi programme and answerthe questions. r Howbig is thisfamilynow? z Whatis soecialaboutthem? 3 Whattrip aretheyexcitedabout?
S
tititi.at, l
*. In pairs,look at the followingphrases/ expressions in the tapescripton page165.Say what you thinkthey mightmean. r to juggteseveraltasksat once(l.z) (t.9) 2 to getyourhandson sornething put your (t.zr) to mind to something 3 4 a bigfamilyman(1.24) (1.25) 5 to be onlytoo happyaboutsomething 6 to go fromstrengthto strength(1.28) (t.tS) Z to pickup on somethinS fu Summarise the information in the radio programme. Usethe phrasesabove.
G Shehosn't got an ing to do. H Shehasn'tgot nothingto do.
:.'.:.::]:i::
t Any/Everv looksat thingsoneat a time, separately. :::::,:r:,:, looksat all the things '...]..:. z Anv/Everv together. to meanit doesn't 3 Weuseanv/everv matterwhich,who,etc. meansnof + 4 Nothino/Somethinq anything. in questions whenwe 5 Weuseanv/some expectthe answer'Yes'.
fu Choosethe correctalternative for eachof the rulesr-5.
Listenagainand answerthesequestions. r Whydid LarryBoehmer startjuggling? z Howdid hischildren becomeinterested in iuggling? 3 Whenandwheredid the familyfirstjugglefor a publicaudience? aboutthe skittof + WhatdoesLarrybelieve iuggting?
&
l:,.ii :::::::i::,1: :l:.lL'.:a:'
see Referencepoge 1Z
6
Choosethe best alternative. r z I 4 5 5 7 8
I'mgoingto try andseemy boyfriendevery/ anyweekend. Everybody/Anybody wasthrilledto seeNaomi. Getme every/any soupyou canfind.lt doesn't matterwhatkind. | can'tget rid of this cold.Nothing/Anything seemsto help. Themarkethad flowersof every/anykind. ld tiketo go everywhere/somewhere hot for my hotiday. I needthe sun. Youcancomeevery/ony time after5p.m.I'll be at homea[[evening. | knowyou'reverybusyso I don'tsuppose you'vegotsome/any timeto hetpmetonight?
Reading 7
S " & Readthe text.Whichof the followingdoesit do? Saywhichtypeof childit is bestto be (i.e.firstborn,middleborn, [astborn,onlychild). 2 Giveadvice to parents aboutdealingwitheachtypeof child. the possible careerconsequences according to the 3 Describe youarebornin thefamily. position howto copewiththeirpositionin the famity. 4 Advisechitdren L
Discuss. r
Whatarethe advantages/ disadvantages of being bornfirst,middleor lastin a family? z Doyouthinkit is goodto be an onlychitd?Why/Why not?
e; Readthe text again.Are thesestatementstrue (T) or false (F)? 7
othtrr qrnilnq
first? cCIrnes
Younger chitdren tendto takemorerisksasa resultof theirparents' attitudetowardsthem. Onlychildren oftenprefermorephysical occupations.
,\ ;!* $ childs placein the familybirth order may play a role in the type of occupationsthat will interesthim or herasan adult,new research suggests. ln two related studies, researchers f o u n d t h a t o n l y c h i l d r e n- a n d t o a certain extent first-born children - were more interestedin intellectual, cognitive pursuits than were laterborn children.In contrast,later-born childrenwere more interestedin both artisticand outdoor-relatedcareers. These results fit into theories that say our place in family birth order w i l l i n f l u e n c eo u r p e r s o n a l i t ys, a i d FrederickT.L.Leong,co-authorof the study and professorof psychology at Ohio State University.'Parents rypically place different demands and have different expectationsof children depending on their birth o r d e r , ' L e o nsga i d . For example, parents may be extrernelyprotectiveof only children and rvorryabout their physicalsafety. That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic pursuits rather than physical or outdoor activities.Only children will tend to get more time and attention from their Darents t h a n c h i l d r e nw i t h s i b l i n g sT. h i s w i l l often make them feel special but the downsideis that they may suffer o c c a s i o n a lp a n g s o f j e a l o u s y a n d lonelinesswhen friends discusstheir brothersand sistersand familvlife.'
Parents usuallyexpectdifferent thingsfromtheirfirstandlast children. Ontychildren andfirst-born children oftenfo[lowsimitartypesof careerpath. Theresultsof thisresearch contradict existing research intothe effectsof birthorder. Theresearchers foundfirst-born children easierto analvse thanthe
I
Discuss. Whichof thepointsin thetextaretrueforyourfamilyor youknow? otherfamilies
The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along transforming them from being the centre of attention,to then sharing the care of parents.Parentswill also expect them to be responsibleand 'set an example'.The change from being the focus of a family may b e q u i t e a s h o c k a n d s o s h a p et h e first-born's subsequent outlook on life. Therefore first-borns may try to get back their parents'attentionand approval by achieving successand recognition in their careers.lt has been noted that first-borns are significantly more often found as world politicalleadersthan any other birth order position. As they have more children,parents tend to become more open and relaxedand that may allow younger children to be more risk-taking,' Leong said.'lf the first-born or only child wants to be a poet, that may concern parents.But by the fourth child,parentsmay not mind as much.' Being the youngest in the family can sometimesbe a stifling and frustrating experience,especially if they're looking to be taken seriously and treated like an adult. The last-bornis more likely than the
other birth order positionsto take up d a n g e r o u s p o r t s . T h im s aybe a sign of the last-born'srebellious streak - a resultof being fed up with always being bossedabout by everyoneelse in the family. Middle children, however, have different issues. 'Middle child syndrome' can mean feeling sandwiched between two other 'more important' people - an older s i b l i n gw h o g e t s a l l t h e r i g h t sa n d i s treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the privileges and is treated like a spoilt child. Middle-borns have to learn to get o n w i t h o l d e r a n d y o u n g e rc h i l d r e n , and this may contribute to them becoming good negotiators- of all the birth order positions they are most skilfulat dealingwith authority figures and those holding inferior positions. Leong said the biggest differences in the study were between only childrenand later-bornchildren.'Firstborn children are difficult to classify becausethey startout asonly children but latergive up that position.lt may be that the length of time a firstb o r n c h i l d i s a n o n l y c h i l d m a k e sa differencein his or her personality.'I
!.* &. Listento the conversation. Whatarethe two peopletalkingabout?
1O Comptete thetable. NOUN
b Listenagain.Whichof the expressions fromthe How to boxdo youhear?Which word(s)is/arestressed?
ADJECTIVE
intellect art jealous
L 8 a Discuss the foltowing
[onely responsibility
successful importance skill frustration
11 Complete the fotlowingsentences with the mostappropriate word from the table. r Doyou realisethe_ of theseexams? Theywilt decidewhich you cango to. university 2 My sisteris very_ . Shecanpaintwel[andwritespoetry. tryingto phonemy bank.Youhaveto waitfor hours 3 lt'sso _ beforea realpersonwillanswerthe phone. be _ of Bob.He'snot mytype! 4 Youshouldn't 5 He'sliveda]onefor agesbut he sayshe neverfeels 6 There'sa lot of _ involvedin juggting. wouldtake 7 I wishsomeone 8 Histastfilmwasan incredible Oscars.
for thetraincrash. . Apparently, it won five
That's absolutelyright. I completelyagreewith thot. I couldn'togreemore. That'sprobablytrue. I think there'ssometruth in that. g disagreement Expressin
l'm not sureif I agreewith that. I don't thinkthat's completely true. That'snot trueat all. I totallydisagree.
Reporting agreement/ disagreement
Weollfelt prettymuchthesame aboutthisquestion. Therewerea numberof differences of opinionin thegroup. Oneor twopeoplehadquite strongviewsaboutthis.
statements. Useexpressions fromthe Howto boxas appropriate. o Parents tendto bemore strictwiththeirfirst-born children. . Middte children havethe worsttime. . Youngest children are usually spoilt. Onlychildren tendto be self-sufficient and not need manyfriends. Weareattractedto people whoarebornin the same position withinthe family. Ourpositionin the family
affects thekindof career wecnoose. b Reportyourgroup's discussion backto therest of theclass.
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Discuss. r Doyouhavea mobile phone? Howmuchdovouuseit?
Mobi
Whatdo youuseit for?
z Doyouknowanyonewhodoesn'thavea mobitephone? why don't theyhaveone? 3 Doyouthinkmobitephonesaregeneralry a goodor a badthing? (if Where anywhere) 4 areyounotallowedto usemobilephonesin yourcountry(e.9.the cinema)? Doyouthinkthereshoutdbe other placeswhereyoucan'tusemobilephones? s whatagedo youthinkis appropriate for chitdren to havea mobire phone? Whv? It t: it i Li 13t3; 'j
Readthe text.which of the foltowingsubjectsdoesit refer to? 1 i n e n u m b eor f y o u n gp e o p l e w h oh a v ea m o b i t e phone z ,,vhen thefirstmobitephonewasinvented s h yy o u n gp e o p l e 3 : r e ' e a s o nw w a n ta m o b i t ep h o n e 4 : 0 r \ p a r e n tfse e la b o u t h e i rc h i l d r ehna v i n g a m o b i t ep n o n e s n dn o i s ep o l l u t i o n 5 m o b i i ep h o n e a 6 the drr"rorr'rt of contactteenagers feertheyneedwiththeirfriends z the effectof mobitephoneson reading for pteasure 8 t h ef u t u r ed e s i g no f m o b i l ep h o n e s 9 t h eh e a l t hr i s k so f m o b i l ep h o n etso c h i l d r e n 1 0 s o m ep o s s i b leed u c a t i o nuasl e so f m o b i t e phones
4
Readthe text again.Makebriefnotesaboutthe subjects in Ex.3 it refersto.
T h e r e a r e g o o d r e a s o n st o b e w o r r i e d a b o u t c h i l d r e na n d m o b i l e p h o n e s ,r e p o r t s M i c h a e lF i t z p a t r i c k . S o c i o l o g i s t si n J a p a n ,w h e r e m o b i l e s h a v eb e e nc o m m o n a m o n g t h e young for sometime and offer s o p h i s t i c a t e ds e r v i c e s s, e e a n a l a r m i n gt r e n d . I n T o k y o , f o r e x a m p l e ,o n e - q u a r t e r o f a l l f o u r t o f i f t e e n - y e a r - o l d sh a s a m o b i l e p h o n e .W e l l o v e r h a l f o f J a p a n ' sh i g h s c h o o l s t u d e n t so w n o n e , m a n y o f t h e m I n t e r n e te n a b l e d . H a l f t h e c h i l d r e np o l l e d r e c e n t l y s a i d t h e i r l i f e s t y l e ' r e q u i r e dt h' e m t o h a v ea m o b i l ep h o n e ,w h i l e 4 1 . 5 p e r c e n ts a i d t h e i r p a r e n t s, f o r c e d ' t h e m t o h a v eo n e . A n i n f o r m a l s u r v e yc o n d u c t e do n the Tokyo streers by Japan Today m a g a z i n e ,h o w e v e r ,s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e n a t i o n s 't e e n s h a v e o t h e r r e a s o n sf o r k e e p i n gh o l d o f , t h e i r b e s t e l e c t r i cf r i e n d ' . ' l f I c a n ' t f i n d m y p h o n e I f e e l r e a l l yi s o l a t e df r o m
Discuss. r
Whichtwo factsin thetextdidvoufindmost interesting? Why? z H o wi m p o r t a ndto y o ut h i n km o b i t ep h o n e s arefor youngpeoplein yourcountry? s i l lc h a n g e 3 H o wd o y o ut h i n km o b i t ep h o n ew overthe next5 years?
6
fl
Tel[otherstudents. Whatnoisesdo youtypicatty heareveryday?Whichonesdo youparticutarly lil<e/distil<e? tL Listenandmatchthewordsin theoox youhear. to thenoises ! I
flng scream creak bark snore crash
tu Whattypicallymakeseachof thesenoises? A: Well,obviously,phonesring.Anythingelse? B : And daorbells.
I
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r
o , Q ,l 1 o ; o , o , o o o o ,
Q , o ,Q Q , o , , QQ
m y f r i e n d s , ' s a y s 1 6 - y e a r * o l dA s u k a M a e z a w a .E m i I n o u e ,s e v e n t e e na, g r e e s ,a d d i n g : ' l t ' s g r e a t f o r t a l k i n g t o f r i e n d s a b o u t g o s s i p I d o n ' t w a n t m y p a r e n t st o h e a r . ' A n o t h e rs u r v e ya l s o r e v e a l e dt h a t a b o u t 2 2 p e r c e n ts a i d t h e y t a l k e d a t l e a s tt e n t i m e s p e r d a y , w h i l e 4 5 p e r c e n ts a i dt h e y u s e dt h e i r m o b i l et o s e n d t e n o r m o r e t e x t m e s s a g e se a c h d a y . P a r e n t sw e r e a l s o s u r v e y e d w , ith more than a third f e e l i n gt h e i r c h i l d r e ns p e n tt o o m u c h t i m e o n t h e p h o n e ,w h i l e 2 3 p e r c e n ts a i dt h e m o b i l em a d e i t d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e m t o k e e p a c h e c ko n w h o t h e i r c h i l d r e n w e r e c o m m u n i c a t i n gw i t h . T o k y o p a r e n t sm a y h a v e g o o d r e a s o nt o b e w o r r i e d , s i n c e 2 6 p e r c e n to f t h e c h i l d r e ns a i d t h e y w e r e r e g u l a r l yc o r r e s p o n d i n gw i t h p e o p l et h e y h a d n e v e r m e t . S u c hd e n s i t yo f m o b i l eo w n e r s h i pe, s p e c i a l l ay m o n g t h e y o u n g , h a s l e a d t o a n e w t y p e o f n e u r o s i s ,s a y s o c i o l o g i s t sJ. a p a n e s et e e n s ,i n p a r t i c u l a r ,h a v e b e c o m ef a n a t i c a la b o u t b e i n g ' a l w a y sa v a i l a b l e ' . 'Teenagers can be seen taking advantageof every s p a r e m i n u t e t o t o u c h b a s ew i t h t h e i r f r i e n d s .l t i s n o t t h e c o n t e n t o f t h e c o m m u n i c a t i o nb u t t h e a c t o f s t a y i n gi n t o u c h t h a t m a t t e r s .I n d e e d ,m a n y b e c o m e e x t r e m e l yu n e a s yi f u n a b l et o c o n t a c tt h e i r p e e r s c o u n t l e s st i m e s e a c h d a y , f e a r i n gt h e y a r e b e c o m i n g s o c i a l l yi s o l a t e d , w ' r i t e s t h e s o c i o l o g i s tH i s a ol s h i i , t h e author of The SuperficialSocialLife of Japan'sMobile Phone Addicts.
Someof the noisesyou heardmal<epartof a story.Listento thesenoisesand with another studentdiscusshowto Iinl^*
4 Exptanation Because Bobbywasonly9 monthsotd... 3-,*gg*g: ,4..X 1 t:'...;1,{:*gr: r,t
S t u d e nAt Torelaxandprevent in yourhandsandwrists. tensionbuitd-up firmtyfor r Withelbowsout,pushyourfingertips together.Keeppressing 10seconds. Relaxhandstogether andrepeat. z Tuckyourelbowsintoyoursides.Hotdyourhandsout in frontof you, p a t m sd o w n B . e g i n n i nwgi t ht h et h u m b sa n di n d e xf i n g e rtso u c h i n gf l,i c k eachfingerawayin turn.Thenreverse backfromthe titttefingers. your Keeping on yourdesk,fingerssoftandrelaxed. 3 Restyourforearms so Iitttefingersin contactwiththe desk,rollyourhandsoutwards t h a t b o t hp a t m sf a c et h ec e i l i n gT.h e nr o t l t h eh a n d si n w a r d s .
'1,, L*sfri*;-l {:*., .:t 1 /:.2.'*, y:;:7;* StudentB Sunday: fatherpromises thatJuliet Juliet's (the will marryParis sonof the Prince ofVerona) RomeoandJulietmeet,fa[[in love anddecideto marry Tuesday: Jutietis totdshewitlmarryParisthe nextday 'sleeping potion'to Jutiettakesa pretendto be dead Thursday: Julietwakesup fromthe effectsof t h e ' s l e e p i npgo t i o n ' Romeois deadand Shediscovers kittshersetf Thetwo families findtheirtwo peacewith children deadandmal<e eachother
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tessclr l e.* 1[x.4,page5r StudentB Dothissittingor standing. lt'sgreatfor stiffshoulders andnecks.
a smalloetrolstationin Vancouver. After Iockingthe attendantin the toilets,they made theirgetawaywith a few hundreddollars. Comingfrom Edmonton, theydidn'tknow theirway aroundVancouverand twenty minuteslatertheydroveup at the samepetrol stationto askdirections. Theattendant, Mr. KarnailDhillon,having justescapedfrom the toilets,wasalarmed to seethe two robberscominginto the shop again."Theywantedme to tell themthe way to PortMoody,"he said."l guessthey didn't recognise me or the petrolstation." He wasjustcallingthe policewhenthe pair camebackagainto saythatthey couldn'tget theircar to start.While theywerewaitingfor a mechanic to helpthem,the policearrived and arrested them.
Siton the edgeof yourchair,feetparallel, flaton theftoorandabout30 cm apart. Putyourlefthandbehindyourback,palmoutwards. Makeit go as highup between yourshoutder btades asyoucan(useyourotherarmto hetpit up). Breathe in andraiseyourrighthandup to the ceiling. Thenrelaxa[[of yourrightsideasyou breatheout. in andstretchtowardsthe ceiling. 4 Breathe Breathe out anddropyourrighthanddownbehind 5 you to takehotdof the waitingleft fingers.Keep shoulders andelbowsback. Hotdfor two breaths, release handsandrepeaton the opposite side. Tip:lf youfindthatyoucannotreach,holda tie or belt or scarfin thetop handandlet it hangdownso that the lowerhandcancatchho]dof it. Trymovinghands closertogetherusingit andyoushoutdimprove the looseness of vourshoulders.
Lesson +.4 | Ex.na, page55 Student A
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umicmticm S i Ex.z, pagerz*
Explanation Theteenagers weretravelting on the roadthat crossed the roadthatthe policeofficerwason.They drovethrougha greenlight.
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buthey,I'mnewto saidthatbefore, l'msuresomeone's theblogsoutthereand through this.I havebeenlooking thattherewere I knewtherewerelotsbutI didn'trealise hours lwasted lotsandlotsandlotsandlotsandlots. to, I meant hadn't todaygoingthroughsomeof them.I is thing gone. The justiradn'tnoticed howthetimehad to easy it's and blogs that mostof themhavelinksto other people out these all though, getcarried away.lt'scurious
YvtatanEeotgdge
andwriteit down.Butwhyputit up ontheweb?lt'shard seemto usethemasa thatone.Somepeople to answer or to stay up-to-date familylivingelsewhere wayof keeping just who me like buttherearemany in iouchwithfriends, who anyone for outintocyber-space throwtheirthoughts them.l'msurethatthisisa greattoptc feelslikereading whattheythink? I wonder everywhere; for psychoanalysts '10:37 pm l3th at February Sunday Posted:
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r . , : , i ir t . : . ::.: - , S t a y i n a C O m f O r t a b l e bungalow with a vera,nda as well as bedroom, sltting room and bathroom. There are fans but no air conditioning. Mea,ls are served in our ma,in building - half board including tasty Mexican breakfast and 4-course ca,ndle-]it dinnen There is a lot ofdellcious fresh food and seafood available. There is also a bar, a games room and a swimming pool for you to enjoy. I
:r,:; : r.;; i-it' . rs A variety of tours are available irlcluding bird watching tours, trips to the famous caves j-rrthe a,rea and moonlight safaris. There is a,lso a sma,il Natural Hisbory Museum, offering an overaJl view ofthe flora and fauna sr:ffounding bhe hotel.
* I Ex..z, fiagetz&
5 Explanation Themanhadiustbeencuredof deafness, andthe ringingphoneis finalproofthatit hasbeena success.
Fr*get:n 4.*
| Ex..za,page5r jump Standing/Basic
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Typesof thinl<ers/learners Linguistic: Theytiketo thinkin wordsandusecomptex ideas.Theyaresensitive to the different soundsand meanings of wordsandenjoythe process of learning a foreignlanguage.
TheParkourRoll
Logical-mathematical: patterns Theytiketo understand andthe relationships between things.Theyaregood at thinkingcritically andprobtem-solving. Theyliketo anatyse andunderstand the rules. Interpersonal: Theytiketo thinkaboutotherpeopleand areoftenpeacemakers. Theyareawarethatdifferent peoplehavedifferentviewson lifeand probabtyhave [otsof friends.
Wallflip - NOTfor beginners
Existential: Theytiketo spendtimethinkingabout philosophicaI issuesanddon't[iketo be bothered with triviaIquestions. Theyarealwaysaskingquestions provoking discussions anddebates. Kinaesthetic: Theyliketo thinkin movements andfind it difficutt to sit stitIfor tong.Theyareinterested in fitnessandhealthandtheylearnbestwhentheyare physicatty involved.
Lesson 9.1 | Ex.rr, page12o
Co
unication
4 | Ex.r, page58
Lesson 23 | Ex.11,pagezB
Howto play r
Ptayin groupsof 3-5. Makea setof fifteenquestion cardsfor the gameusingthe topicsor grammar fromthis unit. Haw
uld you feel about doing
be in dangerT uld you bet a large amount of
Internetandcomputer expertwanted. you Can helpthisbusyInternet caf6? Areyougoodwithcomputers? Doyouknowaboutthelatestdevelopments in Internet technology? Canyoucommunicate wellwithall kindsof customers? lf youaretherightperson forus,wewillofferyou a goodsalaryandfreeuseof all facilities. Writeto:JennyKeaton, PepeNet Caf6, 2 Alexandra Cardens, Brighton, BNI gBC
Eachplayerputsa counteron the Start. Whenit'syourturn,takea question card andanswerthe question. lf youmanage to answerwe[[andkeepspeaking for at leastoneminute,throwthe diceandmove forward. lf not,leaveyourcounterin the sameplaceanddon'tmove.Afteryou throwthe diceandmove,if you [andon a go up it andif you [andon a rope, ladder, go downit. Thewinneris the playerwho reaches the Finishfirst.
Co
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I I Ex.z, pagerz8
z Explanation Thewaterin the riveronlycameup to the man'schest
for socialqctivities
person to for anenthusiastic is looking school language OurEnglish programme' activities social ourbusy helporganise and butyoudo needto be energetic Youdon'tneedexperience Youalsoneedto havea goodlevelof English. sociable. withhoursto suityou'Goodratesof payto be Thejob is part-time to the courses onourEnglish Wealsooffera discount negotiated. candidate. successful Schoolof English, Oakwood Writeto: TheSecreiary, M607TP 16 BridgeStreet,Manchester,
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Dickens'third wasCharles novel.lt wasfirst Nickleby Pubtished in 1839,Nicholas otherversions sincethen.Like madeintoa filmin 947 andtherehavebeenvarious Nickleby showshisoutrageat crueltyandsocial manyof Dickens'novels, Nicholos talentfor comicwriting. hisextraordinary injustice, butit alsoreveals Nickleby andhismotherandsister, are Following thedeathof hisfather,Nicholas is rich but very mean The film Ralph who and cruel. takenintothecareof hisuncle to survive. describes whathappens to Nicholas andhisfamilyastheystruggle
Lool< at thepictures andreadtheinformation Thenanswer above. thequestions. Haveyou readanybooksby Chartes Dickens? lf so.te[[otherstudents aboutthem. Whodo youthinkthe characters arein the pictures? is Whatdo youthinkthe connection between them? Watchthe film extractand answerthe questions. r z 3 4 5 6 7
Whatnewsis in the letterthatUncleRalph receives? WhodoesUncleRatphgo to see? WhatadvicedoesUncleRalphgiveto Mrs Nickteby? Whatdid MrsNickteby hopefor? WhatdoesRalphwantKateto do? Whatjob doesRatphpropose for Nicholas? gets WhatdoesRalphsayhe wittdo if Nicholas the position?
Worl
Howmuchdo you knowaboutBhutan?In pairschoosethe correctalternatives to completethe sentences. r Bhutanis situatedbetween: A C h i n a n dI n d i a B C h i n a n dR u s s i a peoplewear: z MostBhutanese A westernclothes B Bhutannational costume isabout: 3 T h ep o p u l a t i oonf B h u t a n A onemitlion B fivemillion Parkcoversabout: 4 NationaI A 25o/o of the country
B 45okof thecountry The Kingof Bhutansaysthe mostimportant thingis: 5 A GrossNational Product B 'GrossNational Happiness' 6 Bhutanhasmanyareasandbuildings devoted to: A Hinduism B Buddhism in Bhutanhaveto paya minimumof: 7 Tourists n $75a day B gzooa oay 8 Themainlinkbetween the eastandthewestis: A a road B a river
A FishCatted Wanda
on Bhutan's climateandcuttureis: 9 Themaininfluence A the riversandsea B the mountains Watchthe film extractand checkyouranswers. {$
Discuss. r Didyouenjoywatching thisextract? Why/Whynot?Doesit makeyouwantto watchmoreof thisseries? z DoyouthinkMichaet Palinis a goodtravelshow presenter? Why/Whynot? in makingtravelprogrammes I Wouldyou liketo be invotved [ike t h i so n e ? to travelforsixmonthsas partof a travel 4 lf youhadthe chance programme likethis,wherewouldyougo andwhy?
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yearsagoandcamefromDenmark, TheVikings Norway livedoveronethousand and Sweden. Theyweremostlyfarmers, butsomeworkedascraftsmen or traders. The Vil