The Structure of Resurrection Belief

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Oxford Untuersity Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petalingja a Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo NairoL Dares Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and assocuted companies in Beirut Berlin Ibadan Nicosia Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford Universiry Press Published In the Unired States by Oxford Uniuersity Press, New York

0Peter Carnley

1987

A11 rights reserved. N o part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the priorpermission of Oxford University Press. British Library Cataloguing in Publicarion Data Carnley, Peter The structure of resurrection belief. r.jesus Christ-Resurrection I . Title z j ~ ' .BT48r ~ ISBN *19-826679-0 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Carnley, Peter. The structure of resurrection belief. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I . jesus Chris-Resurrection. 2. ResurrectionHistory of doctriner-20th century. I. Title. BT481.C37 1987 232'.j 8618203 ISBN o-rg8r6679-o (U.S.) Typeset by Promenade Graphics Ltd, Cheltenham Printed in Great Britain at the University Printing House, Oxford by David Stanford Printer to the University

FOR ANN

PREFACE It is foolish to sigh and complain about mankind's disbelief if one cannot furnish men with the persuasive evidence that the matter demands, based on a healthy reason. H E R M A N N S A M U E L RElMARUS.

T H I Sbook should have been completed by the end of 1980. The initial work on the manuscript was done in Cambridge during the first half of that year whilst I was on study leave which I had accrued as Warden of St John's College within the University of Queensland. Unfortunately, Australian universities were at that time under governmental pressure to restrict study leave entitlements: it was a privilege, we were told, rather than a right. In this unsympathetic environment, m y lecturing commitments in the Department of Studies in Religion in the University of Queensland were deemed not to permit an extended absence. Indeed, my study leave 'entitlement' entirely evaporated. Then, at the end of 1980, I was quite unexpectedly elected to be Archbishop of Perth and Metropolitan of the Anglican Province of Western Australia. This put an end to m y hope of completing the manuscript, for the need to learn the new tasks of episcopal ministry following my consecration on 26th May 198I and the obligation to get to know literally thousands of new faces in a lively and adventurous diocese, left no time at all for writing. However, after three very full years, I was indebted to the good people of Perth for tolerating my absence from the diocese from May to July 1984. This gave me the long-waited opportunity to tie off the threads of this book. I am very grateful to all those who so generously accommodated me and provided hospitality and care during my absence from home in 1984. Especially I wish to record m y thanks to Dean James Fenhagen and the Trustees of the General Theological Seminary in New York, not only for providing accommodation for the six weeks I spent at the Seminary, but for the honour of the award of the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity, which was conferred upon me by the Seminary at its Commencement Ceremony on the 16th May 1984. This was a very happy and memorable occasion. I am also very grateful to my good friend, Alan Jones, who was at that time the Stephen F. Bayne Professor of Ascetical Theology and Director of the Centre for Christian Spirituality at the Seminary,

...

Preface

Preface

and t o his secretary, Sherri McNeeley, for so kindly organizing my Manhattan programme in such a way as to leave time for writing and for the checking of references. Very importantly, I wish to express my gratitude to the Master and Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge, who, since my time as a research student (1967-9) and later as a Research Fellow (1971-z), have so generously extended the hospitality of the College to me by providing rooms and dining rights and the congenial support of an academical community. Without the month of quietness in July 1984 in By of the Cripps Building at St John's, with its splendid view of the Cam and its proximity to the University Library, the project would not have been completed. Given that it is now likely that this book will be read outside narrowly academical circles, I have attempted, at the risk of some repetition, to unpack my meaning so as to make it a little more accessible to people for whom the general approach and level of treatment is more detailed than that to which they may be accustomed. I am aware, nevertheless, that it is not an easy or 'popular' book. The only part of it to have been given a public airing was an early draft of Chapter IV. This was first read at a seminar at the University of Nottingham in 1980 and again, at around the same time, at the 4~ 2th Meeting of the Lightfoot Society in Durham. I am most appreciative to Richard McKinney and his wife, Margie, who were then at Nottingham and to Stephen Sykes and his wife, Joy, for their kind hospitality at Durham. Students and old boys of St John's Theological College, Morpeth, New South Wales, where my mind was first opened to the scientific study of theology, will also recognize a few echoes of lectures which were delivered at the College in the course of the 1983 reunion. I am grateful to George Garnsey, the College Warden, for inviting me back for this hilarious occasion. Pam Penman, is to be thanked for her quiet dedication to the production of a fair copy of the manuscript from bits and pieces which arrived through the post from various parts of the globe. John Kollosche facilitated the safe transmission of manuscripts and proofs from Perth to Oxford and Susan Noone helped them both compile the Index. I thank Robin Denniston and staff members of the Oxford University Press who have been patiently helpful in the preparation and copy editing of the manuscript and in the painstaking

work of final production. O n the other hand, I am grateful to Maurice Wiles, who read the manuscript, for responding so positively to it, and for encouraging its publication in the first place. Finally, my dear wife, Ann, who has lived with me, along with the regular distraction of the Resurrection of Christ and its historical and theological problems, for most of our married life, and my children, Benedict and Sarah, deserve a particular word of gratitude. My time overseas in 1984 necessitated our separation for ten weeks. I thank them for so willingly agreeing to that. Certainly, without the support of my wife, Ann, the task of completing this book would probably have been deferred in favour of any one of a hundred other things. T o her I dedicate the finished product; it certainly would not have come to be without her sustained and loving encouragement. In and through all this I have glimpsed something of the Spirit which in faith I recognize as the gracious presence of the raised Christ himself; he in all of us, and us in him. I am grateful to my family and all my friends; whether consciously Christian, o r unwitting, they have been the mediators of the revelation of the Spirit of Christ in their lives and it is marvellous in my eyes. Archbishop's House, Perth tPETER PERTH July 1 9 0

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Contents

Contents V. T H E R A I S E D C H R I S T : G L O R I F I E D BUT DISAPPEARING

The Elusiveness of the Easter Reality ~ d o u a r dLe Roy Westcott and Kirsopp Lake Edward Schillebeeckx VI. T H E R A I S E D C H R I S T : A P P E A R A N C E A N D PRESENCE

H e Appeared: G+8q The Heavenly Vision The Gospel Narratives of Appearances The Spirit of Christ Epistemological Implications VII. T H E R A I S E D C H R I S T A S T H E REMEMBERED JESUS

The Remembered Jesus John Knox's View of the Church and her Memory Malcolm on Memory Dispositions and Episodes VIII. E A S T E R F A I T H A S R E M E M B E R I N G A N D KNOWING

Remembering and Knowing Knowing Remembering Knowing and Remembering

1 ~ 3 183 190 '93 '99

223 223

230

234 249 259

266 266 271 27 5 287

297 29 7 302 315

319

IX. E A S T E R F A I T H A N D T H E S E L F - G I V I N G O F JESUS

The Particularity of Love Abstract and Concrete Has Christianity a Revelation?

327 327 339 347

Fact and Interpretation Unity in Diversity BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX

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- 338 ".? 345, 3 f 5 > 3 f 6 >3 f 9 Buren, P. van 2 9 ~ 3 0 0 Buttrick. C. A. 268 n. Caesar, Julius 192 Caiaphas 79 Calvinism 107 Campenhausen, H . von 48 n., 52-3, 56 n., 17 n., 5 ~ 6 0 62 , n., 63, 1f5, 218 n., 264,274 n. Carpenter, W. B. 1 f 3 n.

dex

rdex Case, S. J. 325 n. Cassels, W. R. 35 n., 40 n., 69 n., 152-3 Celsus 30 Chalcedon 6 Chamberlain, W. D. 141 n. Christepiphany 234, 236-7, 240-1 Christological titles 6, 7, 75, 163, 168, 171, 211-2, 260, 341 Christology 2-1, 132, 134, 118, 171, 184, zoo, 297,341-2,3$2-3,3~6 resurrection and 5-7, 36, 38-9, 2 12 C h r i s t o p h a n ~234,236-7, 24-I, 242-4 Christus designatus 171 Christus praesens 8, 122, 178-81, 298, 364,368 Christus revelatus r 71 Church: and her memory, see memory, corporate as linguistic community 230, 308-12, 314,318,363 types of ( ~ Troeltsch) n 305 Church, R. W. 153 n. Clayton, J. P.48 n., 16 n., 304 n. Comte, A. 34,37 concepts 172-7, 230, 260, 298, 302-3, 307-12, 314, 317-19, 339-40, 346. 363-4 of God 307-12, 314 Congar, Y. 274 n. conversion, see metanoia Conzelmann, H . 63,224 n. Coventry, J. 5 n., 9 cross: as focus of memory 2 8 6 7 , 291-3, 331-77 339, 354, 317-8 as revelation 310, 333-7, 339 as saving event 14, 121 Cupitt, D . 69 n., "7, 148-9, 162-82, 188, 208, 244, 260, 299 Darwin, C. 34 Davies, W. D. 212 n., 213, 333 n. death of God debate I Delling, G . 63 n., 141 n., 224 n., 226, 227 n. Delorme, J. 46 n. demythologizing "7, 127, 130, 345 Descamps, A. L. 2 I 3 n. Dewar, L. 333 dialectical theology, see theology Dibelius, M . 241 discipleship, imitative 297-8

dispositional statements 287-91, 349-5 I , 361-2,364 Docetism 49, 204 Dodd, C . H . 30, 79, 241 n., 252 n., 329 ": dogma, falth and 29-30, 175, 250 dogmatic considerations 72-8 I, 87-94, '44 doubt 30-1,79,go Downing, F. G . 347-5 I Dunn, J. D . G . 51, 52-3, 58, 236, 241 n., 244,247,252 n., 253 n., 257,334 n. Eastern Orthodox Church 10 n. Ebeling, G . 38 n., 132, 133, 165, 274 n. ecclesiology I Ellis, E. E. 213 n., 215 n. Eltester, W. 46 n. elusiveness (of Easter Reality) 24-6, 183-9, 196 empiricism; religious 303-1 5, 220 see also pseudo-empiricism empty tomb 12, 17, 19, 31,40, 123, 204, 364-8 ambiguity of 61-2,247-8 historicity of 39, 44-62, 123-4, 155, '97 kerygmatic explanation of 48-9, I I I lateness of tradition of 48-51, 151, 204 liturgical explanation of 49-10 omission of in Paul 11-3, 58, 231, 232 Enlightenment I I episodic statements 288-9, 291 see also memory, occurrent/dispositional epistemology: of faith 26-8, 181, 183-4, 189, 193-9, zoo, 208, 210, 218, 222, 226, 228-30, 242-4, 259-65, 266, 298-315, 328-393 365 Kantlan pattern 173, 230, 302-4, 30612,314,328 eros 331, 332 eschatology 81-4, 88-93, 102, 186, 257, 262, 338-9,366 and history I I 2-16 see also resurrection as eschatological event eschaton, 232, 240, 261, 263 Eucharist I 1 I , 171-2, 324-5, 335, 317-8 Eutychianism 342 n.

Evans, C . F. on., 17, 20, 41 n., 46n., 48 n., 52 n., 57 n., 63 n., 215-16, 224 n., 239,25 1,264, 348 n. exegesis 2 I 6, 22 I and dogmatics 22 I existentialism of Bultmann 97, 117-18, 119, 128, 129,217,312 and faith 118, 181 experience, see religious experience faith: cognitive nucleus of 217, 219-22, 223, 226, 248, 261, 2 6 6 7 , 296, 298, 302, 3 I 1-26, 328-30 and experience 173-7 and hope 225,261-2,263 independent of evidence 96, 11 I , 132-3, 136-429 157 as knowledge Cfides) 90-4, zoo, 223, 302-1 5 as propositional attitude 27, 30, 162 and reason 90, 91, 108, 136-7, 157, 159, 160-2, 164-1, 184, 303 as remembering 3 I 5-19 as risk 90, 91, 108, 135, 116-7, 159, I 62 and sight 77-8, zoo solafide 107, 132-3, 136,146 as trust Cfiducia) 90, 91, 223, 300, 341 and works 107-8,119,135-7, 146,119 see also epistemology Farmer, H . H . 342 n. Farmer, W. R. 268 n. Feine, P.333 n. Ford, D. F. 126 n., 353, 358-9 forgiveness, concrete 201-2, z I I , 213, 217, 218-19, 220, 221, 226, 302 Frege, G . 330 Fuchs, E. 38 n., 132-3 Fuller, R. H . 1 7 n . , 45n., 46n., 48n., 63 n., 224 n., 251 Galilee 17, 19, 44, 45, $1, 59. 60, 213. 214, 215, 218, 236, 237, 239, 302, 34'7 351, Gardner-Smlth, P. $ 5 n. Gattung 242 Geering, L. 48 n. Geyer, H.-G. 63 n., 121, 122, 156n., 2.2? gnost~clsm10, 3 I , 49 Gogarten, F. 108 n., 138, 303-4

G o p e l , M. 49 n. Gore, C . 8 Goulder, M. 3 n. grace 203-4, 2 I 3 Grass, H . 49, 11 n., 52, 60 n., 90, 245, 264 Green, M. z n. Greer, R. A., I11 343 n. Gregory of Nyssa 74 n. Griffiths, D. R. 252 n. Grundmann, W. 215 n. Guignebert, C. 48 n. Guitton, J. 338 n. Hamilton, N . Q. 49, 252 n., 256, 335 Hanson, A. T.337 Harnack, A. von I 10, 209 H a r v e y , A . E . z n . , 53n.,319n. Harvey, Van A. 105 n. Hastings, J. 106 n. Hawkes, T. 319 n. Hebblethwaite, B. 5 n. Hebblethwaite, P.2 n. Heidegger, M. I I 8, 3 12 Hendry, G. S. 254 Hengel, M. 48 n. Henry, C. 86 n., 169 n. Hermann, I. 213 n., 214 n., 255-6 Herrmann, W. 104, 106 Hick, J. 2 n., 308 n., 342 n. historical enquiry: limits of 23-6, 72-3, 80-1, 94-1, 99-103, "3, "4-15. '25-7, 129-30, 131, 138, 1 6 6 7 , 177, 178, 185, 187, 192, 194, 198, 222, 225,345-6,352-3,357,361 scientific 11, 23-4, 29, 36, 41. 61, 61, 97. 101-3, 143-7, 149-50, 161, 167, 185, 196, 201, 271-5, 290, 294,298: 345,312-3 historical scepticism 103-8, I 23, 132-5 history: Geschichte 101, 101, I 11 Historie 101, 1 1 5 Hodge, C . 141 n. Holloway, D. 18 n., 24 n. Holtzmann, H . 152 Holy Communion, see Eucharist Holy Spirit 90, I 14, 128, 130, 143, 145, 186, 240, 25-65, 313. 329, 334, 337-87364 Hooke, S. H . 48 n. homoagape 342 n.

3 90

dex

Index

'hope, see under faith Houlden, L. 10, 189 I

Ignatius of Antioch 39 Immaculate Conception 176 incarnation 2-10, 310-1 I. 360 see also resurrection Index Librorum Prohibitorum 190 Inge, Dean 196 intuitions 173, 230, 302 Jairus, daughter of 73 James, the Apostle 209, 224, 238 James, W. 305-7 Jenkins, D. 2 n. Jeremias, J. 46 n., 48 n., 59 n., 63,224 n., 232 n. Jerusalem 32,44-5, 50, 54, 51, 100, 113, 141, 214, 215 Jesuology I 58 Jesus: character of, see agape divinity of 3-7, 38, 341-2 heavenly life of 7 humanity of 341-2 lives of 103-4, 3 5 I Spirit of, see Spirit of Christ Joan of Arc 176-7 Joest, W. 209 n. John, the Evangelist 18, 19, 20, 23, 46, 49,63,68, 72, 81,98, 125, 160, 186, 187, 189, 198, 199, 204, 206, 210, 213, 233, 235, 214-5, 270,282, 3359 337 John the Baptist 238 Joseph of Arimathaea 56, 57 Judah the gardener 56 Jung, C. G. 245-6 i

Kahler, M. 103-4, 106, 119, 132n., 316 n., 336,349 n.9 355-7 Kant, I. 65 n., 107, 133, 159, 173, 302, 304-12,314,363 Kasemann, E. 16 n., 38 n., 252-3 n., 324 n., 335, 336 n., 348 n., 360 n. Kasper, W. 210 kerygma: as address I I I , 116-17, 120-2, 138-9, 311 early Aramaic form of 63, 205 Easter 13, 49, 51, 62-3, 101, 108, 132, 137-43, '519 3273 364

Jesus present in 14, 120-2, 157-8, 22; as report 112, 116, 137-42, 311, 329, 354 and salvation 109 Kilpatrick, G. D . 329 n. Klappert, B. 26 n., 362 Klausner, J. 57 n. knowing, see under epistemology; memory Knox, J . 253 n., 268-75, 280-94, 316, 332, 334 n.> 343 n.9 357 Kohler, R. 308 koinonia 3 I 2 Kraus, S. 57 n. Kremer, J. 50 Kung, H. 121 Kunneth, W. 9, I 14 n. Laberthonnicre, L. 192 n. Ladd, G. E. 247, 248-9 Lake, Kirsopp 55 n., 193-9, zoo, 231-2 Lampe, G. W. H. 48 n., 51 n., 121 n., 169 n., 170, 184, 187, 199, 243-4, 249 n., 252 n., 254, 325 n., 328 Lapide, P. 22 n. Lazarus 73, 190 legend 118-19, 127, 345, 352, 360 see also story Lehmann, K. 51 n., 227 n., Lion-Dufour, X. 25 n., 244 n. Le Roy, E. 25 n., 190-3, LOO Lessing, G. E. I I, 149 Lewis, C. S. 322 n. Levden. W. von 278-9 , , , Liberal Protestantism, see theology Lzchtglanz experience 241 Lightfoot, R. H. 79 n., 213-1 5 Lincoln, Abraham 301 Lindars, B. 171, 225 n., 252 n., 253 n., 256 n., 257 Lindblom, J. 234 Lohmeyer, E. 213-15 Loisy, A. 48 n. Lord's Supper, see Eucharist Lourdes 69, 176 love, see agape Luke, the Evangelist 18, 20, 23, 24, 31, 49, 63, 68, 72, 76-7, 79, 81, 98, 99, 113, 124-5, 141, 160, 162, 17-19 186, 187, 189, 198, 199, 204, 206, 233, 235, 237, 238-40, 250, 258, 325. 327>335 Luther, Martin 107 ,

Macan,R. W. 69n., 121 n., 153, 167n., 170, 173 n., 175-6 McCasland, S. 48 n. McDermott, Br. 0. 201 n. Macintosh, D. C. 305 n., 306-8, 314 n. Macquarrie, J 3 $ 5 n. magisterium, Roman Catholic 19I , 193 Malcolm, N . 275-8, 281, 283, 284-5 Mangenot, E. 57 n. Mansell, H. L. 42, 191 maranatha I 7 I mare 171 Mark, the Evangelist 17, 20, 46, 49-51, 213-16, 236 Martelet, G. 192 n. Martin, H. 347 n. Mary, mother of the Lord 163, 175,270, 282 Mary Magdalene 17, 19, 44-5. 47. 152, 206 Marxsen, W. 17 n., 22 n., 63 n., 78 n., 93-4, I 10 n., 148-9, I 54-64, 200, 209, 213-5, 224 n., 244, 25 I, 264, 299 Mascall, E. L. 134, 268 n., 342 n. Masson, C. 59 n. Matthew, the Evangelist 17, 18, 20, 23, 30, 31, 57, 78, 160, 178, 213, 235, 236-7,~39,~40,250 media, controversy reported by I , 2, 2 n. memory: corporate (of Jesus) I 5 1-2, I 53-4, 163, 181, 266-75, 280, 281-3, 285-96, 298-302, 3 17, 329-30, 349, 354, 357 dispositional/episodic content 287-96 factual 275, 276-7, 278-87, 291, 319, 320,322,326, 329-30 occurrent/dispositional 3 19-26 perceptual 275-7, 278-84, 322 personal 275, 277-82 as psychological particular 3 I 5-19, 320, 322-4 metanoia 202, 219-20, 221-2, 367 metaphor 42-3, 47, 82-4, 121, 207, 229, 270-1,282,284, 293-4, 342 metonymy 293-4 Meyer, E. 48 n. Michaelis, W. 208-10, 226-8 Mill, J. S. 34, 153, 295 n. Minear, P. S. 352 n. Moberly, R. C. 8 n. Moffatt, J. 331 n., 332 n., 338 n.

391

Moltmann, J. 10 n., 108 n., 2667,336 n. Moore, G. E. 272 n., 279 Morgan, R. 304 n. Morison, F. 18 n. Morrison, C. C . 3 16 n., 325 n. Moule, C. F. D. z n., 17 n., 53 n., 63 n., 69n., 93n., I Z I ~ . 122n., , 154n., 156 n., 168-70, 174, 180, 232-3, 252 n., 253 n., 255 n., 258 n., 268 n., 356 Muhammadanism 36 mysticism 305-8 mythology 2-3, I 1-12, 93, 116-18, 122, 130, 148, 150, 163, 190, 290, 342, 345-6,351,352-3.355-7> 360-3 Nain, son of widow of 73 Nauch, W. 48 n., 50 n. Neill, S. 42 n. Nestorianism 342 n. Niebuhr, R. R. 268 n. Norris, R. A. 268 n. Nygren, A. 332 n., 336 n. O'Collins, G. 26 n., 50 n., 98 n., I 14 n., 1 6 9 n. Old Testament: anthropomorphic theophanies in 242 messianic prophecies 164, 168-72, 179-81,257 O'Neill, J. C. 48 n., 56 n. ontological statements, 362-3 Ott, H. 133 n. Outka, G. H. 332 n. Pannenberg, W. 33-95. 109, 114, 143-7, 166, 185, 187, zoo, 201 n., 209n., 218 n., 221, 244-5, 253-4, 257 n., 261,264,303 parousia 23, 172, 225 parousia Christology 205-6, 21 1-16, 22-1, 223, 225 Paul: appearance to 45, 62-3, 69, I 10, 205, z11,2~4,~28,23~,~37-41,249 on faith 210, 249-50, 264 impression of Jesus of 290, 329, 335, 336,337 on resurrection body 58, 86, 231, 232-3,237 and Trinitarian belief 25-5, 256, 257-8, 262 Paulus, H. E. G . 166

Index Pelletier, A. 207, 226, 228 Pentecost 23, 228, 250 Perrin, N. 17 n., 248 Pesch, R. I 10 n., 210 Peter, the Apostle 17,19,44,45,63,152, 161-2, 206, 209, 224, 228, 239, 270, 282, 329 Peter, gospel of 39, 86-7 Pharisaic beliefs 49, 53-4, 23 I philb 331,332 pietism 297 Pilate, Pontius 79 Pinnock, C. H. 86, 169 n. Pittenger, W. N. 268 n., 342-3 Plummer, A. 338 n. pneuma, see Holy Spirit positivism 34, 35, 37 Price, H . H. 320, 322 n. proper names, logic of 165, 230, 294-5, 314-15, 317-19, 33-1, 344 pseudo-empiricism zoo, 201 n., 221 psychology of religion 245-6, 306 1

Q community 212-13 Quell, G. 331 n. I

Rahner, K. 3, 25 n., 227, 250 Ramsey, A. M. 10 Ranke, L. von 65 Rawlinson, A. E. J. 252 n. reason 12-13, 90, 107-8, 109, 136, 157, 159-62,164-5,184,303

redaction criticism I 5, 17, 19-23, 27, 47, 67-8

Reimarus, H. S. 11, 13, 149, 167 Reist, B. A. 305 n. religious experience 26, I 72-5, I 7p-8 1,

'45,217

Theological Theory 165-6,

167-72,

I 7p-80,260

see also appearances resuscitation of Jesus 74-5, 76,77-8, 80, 85, 86, 166, 167, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 1997 201, 207, 2319 232, 312-13 retrospectivity, fallacy of 27 revelation 97, 10-2, 108, 113, 116, 201, 203, 207-10, 267, 306-15, 336-7, 339, 340>343>347-519361>364 Richardson, A. 169 n., I 87, 25 5 n., 256 n. Richardson, C. C. 331 n. Robinson, J. A. T. 46 n., 134 n., 17-1, 142-1 n. obio on, J. M. I 53 n. romanticism 297 Royce, J. 30-1 Russell, B. 276, 277 n., 281 Ryle, G. 276, 277n., 288, 291 n., 321, 3 50

saga, see legend; story salvation, see resurrection and salvation soteriology Sanders, J. T. 338 n. Schenke, L. 50 n. Schille, G. 50 n. Schillebeeckx, E. 2 n., 63 n., I 10 n., 134, 1937 199-224 302, 343

252n.* 255, 335

12,

22, 24-5,

96-147

Event Theory 165-7, 172-7, 179-80, 260

as historical event

and incarnation 1-10, 38 models of 25-6, 27, 144 as myth 11-12, 148, 190 see also mythology Psi (or vision) Theory 166, 188 and salvation 88, 96-103, 115-16, 121,

Schleiermacher, F. 306 Schlette, H . 48 n. Schmidt, P. 48 n. Schmithals, W. 99 n., 108 n., I I I n. S ~ h o o n e n b e rP. ~ , z I 3 n. Schweitzer, A. 104, 106, 351 Schweizer, E. 168, 171, 213 n., 232 n.,

202

of Easter reality zoo remembering, see memory Renan, E. I 52, I 53 n., 244 Rendtorff, R. 210 n. Rengstorf, K. H . 226-7 resurrection: centrality to faith 5, 8-9 as eschatological event

Index

11-12,

29-87, 143-7, 185-6, 196, 222

16-20, 187, 190,

Scott, C. A. A. 252 n. Scott, E. F. 252 n. Scripture: canon of 16 see also appearances, gospel narratives of Searle, J. R. 294-5, 330

1

I I

Second Coming, see parousia secularism I , 2 I Seidensticker, P. 59 n. Selby, P. jor n. Shoemaker, S. 272 n., 321 n. 2 253 n. Smalley, S. S. ~ 5 n., Smart, J. D. 97 n. soteriology, 5, 85, 96-100, 114-16,

systematic 14-16,

121,

126, 145-6, 201, 217-21, 251, 343 see also resurrection and salvation Sparrow Simpson, W. J. 196 n. Spirit of Christ 9, 23, 196, 197, q p - 5 9 , 266-8, 298-302, 307-17, 324, 326, 328-9,334-6,366-7,368 spiritual body 53, 231-3, 234, 237, 250, 255 see also Paul, on resurrection body Stahlin, G. 52 n. Stanton, G. N. 329 n., 334 n., 356 Stauffer, E. 331 n., 332 Stephen, St 235 story 8-93 290, 292, 344-7, 349-51, 352, 354-53318-68 see also legend Strack, H . L. 53 n., 231 n. Strachan, R. H . 252 n., 256 n. Strathmann, H . 141 n. Strauss, D. F. 13, 14, 34-5, 64, 68, 70, 1 4 ~ 5 0 ,154, 155, 356, 158, 163, 167, 169, 176, 180,244-5,299 subjective vision hypothesis, see visions Sykes, S. W. 8, 48 n., 56 n., 292, 334 n.

Tavard, G. 274 n. Taylor, J. V. 3 13 Taylor, V. 5 I n. Teeple, H . M. 69 n., I 53 n. Tenney, M. C. 86 Tertullian 57 n. theological reductionism I 3, 148, I 54, 156, 163, 193, 208,217, 218, 300

theology: Anglican 7-8, 33, 193-9, 268, 358 Biblical I , 14, 67 dialectical I , 303-4 liberal protestant I , 104-5, I I I , I 18, 304 n., 320 liberation I . Lutheran 107, 159 political I Protestant/Reformed 96, 21 I , 226 Roman Catholic 4p-50, 19-3, 199-222, 226

393

22-6, 133, 195, 198-9, 223,250, 258, 268, 334 n. Thomas, the Apostle 18 Thornton, L. S. 347 n. Thurneysen, E. 108 n. Tillich, P. 132 n., 133, 272 n., 347 n., 355, 356 Transfiguration 228, 239, 241 Trinity 25 I , 252, see also Holy Spirit;

Paul, Trinitarian belief; Spirit of Christ Trites, A. A. 59 n., 13p-41 Troeltsch, E. 105-6, 133-4, 304-10 Tiibingen School 14p-50, I 52, I 54 Tupper, E. F. 38 n. Urmson, J. 0. 321 n., 322 n. Vatican Council, Second Vaux, R. de 262 n. Vermes, G. 48 n., 55 n.

I

via negativalpositiva 189, 198-9 Virgin Birth 2, 163 visions 164, 179, 23-4 faith prior to 77, 90, 172-6 objective 69, 71-2, 81, 83, 89, 201, 242-3, 244-5, 247-8, 249, 261, 266 ocular/revelatory 226-30, 234-59 as sign 249 n. subjective vision hypothesis 13, 35, 59, 64, 68-71, 81, 15-3, 163-4, 175, 176, 201, 244-6, 248, 249, 266 see also Christepiphany; Christ-

ophany Ware, R. C. 10 n., r o n., 244 n., 246 n., 264 n., 328 n., 362 n. Weeden, T. J. 49 n. Weiss, J. 232 n., 297, 333 n. Wellhausen, J. 5 I n. Weltanschauung 105

Wendland, H.-D. 338 Wenham, J. 18-19 n. Westcott, B. F. 33-95, esp. 60,61,72-8 I ; 143-7, 151, 153 n., 166, 175, 184, 185, 193-9,

200,

303

Whitaker, D. 55 n. Wilckens, U. 63 n., I I O ~ . ,zog-10, 224 n., 238 n., 264 Wiles, M. 3 Williams, Charles 3 12-1 3

394

Index

witness, NT concept of 137, 139-41 Wittgenstein, L. 295 n., 309, 317-18, 321 n., 322 n., 348 Wolfenbiittel Fragments I I , 149, 167 women: incompetent as witnesses 30, 59-60, 141 omitted by Paul 17, 141

Word of God 96, 111-12, 116, 124, 136-7, 139, 156-7,210,359 worship 27, 338-9, 3 58, 368 Yeti 174 Zahrnt, H. 103 n

I Z ~ ,

I I